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=100  1\$aDownes, Jane,$eauthor.$uUniversity of the Highlands and Islands.
=245  10$aAnimating the Dead :$bAn Archaeology of Bronze Age Burial Practices in Orkney /$cJane Downes, Colin Richards.
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=505  0\$aAcknowledgements1. Animating the Orcadian Chalcolithic and Bronze Age2. Situating the dead in Orkney during the third and second millennia cal BC 3. Storing the dead: the cist burials of Orkney4. Of fabulous wealth and distant places: the Knowes of Trotty barrow cemetery, West Mainland, Orkney5. Looking northwards: Linga Fiold barrow cemetery, west Mainland, Orkney6. Examining three barrow groups at Varme Dale, Gitterpitten and Vestra Fiold, and two coastal cairns at Queenamuckle and Quarrel Geo7. Cremating the dead in Bronze Age Orkney8. Re-assembling communities of the living with the dead in third and second millennia BC OrkneyBibliography
=506  0\$aOpen Access$fUnrestricted online access$2star
=520  \\$aThis book provides the exciting results of a long-term project examining Bronze Age round barrow construction and burial practices in Orkney, Scotland. A main focus of this research is on the act of cremation; a technology of bodily metamorphosis as articulated through complex mortuary practices, which produced a distinctive form of funerary architecture. This, and other topical themes, are explored through the results of extensive excavations at several barrow cemeteries including Linga Fiold, Gitterpitten, Varme Dale, Vestrafiold and the Knowes of Trotty, the latter being famous for rich grave goods including gold discs and amber beads. In this context, in being built on the ruins of an early Neolithic settlement, Knowes of Trotty provides an intersection of relational fields, fusing local tradition with faraway places.At Linga Fiold, the barrow cemetery was almost entirely excavated, and by employing sophisticated recovery techniques and analyses, unique evidence is presented for a complex sequence of barrow building and mortuary practices. This enables the reconstruction of an extraordinary ritual journey of the deceased from cremation pyre to final interment. Additionally, several cist excavations are published here for the first time. This evidence allows an appraisal of the developing cist burial tradition in Orkney through the Chalcolithic and Bronze Age, from the insertion of remains into chambered tombs and large re-enterable unobtrusive cists, to the development of imposing linear barrow cemeteries, to the drawing in of the dead closer to home. Overall, the new findings presented here allow a reconsideration of the chronology and specifics of changing Orcadian burial technologies and traditions: clearly, such results have significance beyond Orkney for understanding the complexities of Bronze Age cremation and burial practices across Britain and north-west Europe.
=536  \\$aHistoric Environment Scotland
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
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=588  0\$aMetadata licensed under CC0 Public Domain Dedication.
=653  \\$aBronze Age
=653  \\$aOrkney
=653  \\$aRound barrows
=700  1\$aRichards, Colin,$eauthor.$uUniversity of the Highlands and Islands.$0(orcid)0000000231514915$1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3151-4915
=710  2\$aCasemate Academic,$epublisher.
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=100  1\$aParker Pearson, Mike,$eauthor.$uUniversity College London.$0(orcid)000000027341121X$1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7341-121X
=245  10$aCladh Hallan: Roundhouses and the Dead in the Hebridean Bronze Age and Iron Age :$bPart 2: Material Culture, Subsistence, Skeletons and Synthesis /$cMike Parker Pearson, Jacqui Mulville, Helen Smith, Peter Marshall.
=264  \1$aOxford, UK. :$bCasemate Academic,$c2025.
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=505  0\$aList of Figures List of Tables Contributors Acknowledgements Preface M. Parker Pearson, J. Mulville, H. Smith and P. Marshall1 Metallurgy: ceramic material associated with metalworking T. Cowie and M. Parker Pearson2 Metalwork M. Juddery, M. Parker Pearson, L. Troalen, T. Verolet, B. O’Connor and D. Dungworth3 Bone and antler tools G. Davies4 Use-wear analysis of bone and antler points V. Alexander5 Worked flint, quartz and stone M. Edmonds, K. Martin, J. Compton and L. Hurcombe6 Coarse stone artefacts H. Goddard and M. Parker Pearson7 Pumice M. Parker Pearson and H. Goddard8 Bangles and beads F. Hunter, M. Parker Pearson and M. Charlton9 Fuel ash slag M. Parker Pearson10 Faunal remains of mammals (excluding cetaceans) J. Mulville and A. Powell with J. Davies, A. Hale and R. Madgwick11 Faunal remains of Cetacea S. Evans and J. Mulville12 The birds J. Best and J. Cartledge†13 The fish C. Ingrem14 Marine molluscs H. Smith and M. Parker Pearson15 Non-marine molluscs N. Thew and M. Law16 The carbonised plant remains H. Smith and S. Colledge17 Organic residue analysis of pottery residues L. Cramp, R. Evershed, G. Taylor and O.E. Craig18 Isotope analysis of human and animal remains O.E. Craig, G. Taylor, J. Jones, J.I. Griffith and C. Snoeck19 The human remains C. Willis20 Histological analysis of human and animal bone: exceptional taphonomies, exceptional histories? R. Madgwick. T.J. Booth and J. Mulville21 Ancient DNA survival analysis of faunal remains V.E. Mullin22 Coprolites M. Parker Pearson23 Cladh Hallan in its context M. Parker PearsonBibliography Index
=520  \\$aThis second of two volumes presents archaeological and scientific studies of a wide range of materials from the unusually long-occupied Bronze Age and Iron Age site of Cladh Hallan on South Uist in the Western Isles of Scotland. These include metalworking debris, copper-alloy, gold and iron artefacts, bone and antler tools and ornaments, flint and quartz tools, coarse stone tools, pumice, shale ornaments and fuel ash slag. The metalworking assemblage, from casting weapons, tools and ornaments, is exceptional in its size and in its being stratified within a domestic context of production. Metal tools and ornaments, some placed as special deposits on house floors, include a gold-plated penannular ring and an iron object stratified within an 11th-century BC house floor, among the earliest finds of iron artefacts in Britain.The enormous and well-preserved environmental assemblage includes faunal remains of land mammals, whales, fish, birds and marine and terrestrial molluscs. Sheep were the most numerous domestic species within an assemblage of over 150,000 land mammalian remains, and Cladh Hallan has the largest collection of canine remains for any settlement in British later prehistory. Carbonized plant remains derive principally from cultivation of barley and associated weeds of cultivation. The site’s assemblage provides extensive material for chemical analysis of food residues, isotopic analysis of animal and human remains, osteological analysis of human remains, histological analysis of their processes of diagenesis, and genetic analysis of ancient DNA from animal and human remains. These analyses include full investigation of the human remains from two composite inhumations that had formerly been mummified, the first discovery of this mortuary practice in prehistoric Britain. The book concludes with a synthesis of results presented in the two volumes, presenting the rich insights provided by research on Cladh Hallan into life and death in the 2nd and early 1st millennia BC.
=536  \\$aHistoric Environment Scotland
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
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=653  \\$aBronze Age
=653  \\$aIron Age
=700  1\$aMulville, Jacqui,$eauthor.$uCardiff University.
=700  1\$aSmith, Helen,$eauthor.$uBournemouth University.
=700  1\$aMarshall, Peter,$eauthor.
=710  2\$aCasemate Academic,$epublisher.
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=100  1\$aSauer, Eberhard,$eauthor.$uUniversity of Edinburgh.$0(orcid)000000021727453X$1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1727-453X
=245  10$aDariali: The 'Caspian Gates' in the Caucasus from Antiquity to the Age of the Huns and the Middle Ages :$bThe Joint Georgian-British Dariali Gorge Excavations and Surveys of 2013–2016 /$cEberhard Sauer.
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=505  0\$aVolume 1Acknowledgements Section A: Preliminaries1. Introduction Section B: Excavations and survey2. Late antique buildings occupied to the Late Middle Ages: life over one millennium on Dariali Fort (Trench F) 3. Towering over the northern approaches: late antique buildings, medieval food storage and modern military (Trench Q) 4. Barrier, bastion and aqueduct: sondages and surveys on and around Dariali Fort (Trenches L, X and O) 5. Extramural areas south of the fort: two-and-a-half millennia of traffic and two millennia of food production in the shadow of the rock (Trenches P and M) 6. Dariali early medieval cemetery (Trenches E, G and AB) Eberhard W. Sauer, Anthi Tiliakou, Catherine Shupe, Annamaria Diana, Elena Kranioti and Konstantin Pitskhelauri 7. The Caspian Gates? Bakht’ari fortified ridge: first line of defence and northernmost barrier (Trench Y/Phase 3) 8. Medieval Gveleti Fort: valley-blocking cliff-top bastion and royal refuge from the Mongols (Trenches C, D, N, U, V and W) 9. Elusive migration-era burials and enigmatic stone cairns: fieldwork near Gveleti Cemetery and in the Amali Valley (Trenches A, B, H, I, J, K, R, S, T, Z and AA) 10. Landscape investigations in the Dariali Pass Kristen Hopper, Dan Lawrence, Lisa Snape, Lana Chologauri, Seth M.N. Priestman,Lyudmila Shumilovskikh, Konstantin Pitskhelauri and Graham PhilipVolume 2Section C: Specialist contributions: finds, building materials, biological and environmental evidence and scientific dating11. Provisioning and supply across an ancient frontier: the late antique and medieval ceramic sequence from the Dariali Gorge in the High Caucasus Seth M.N. Priestman12. Fragment of a ceramic vessel with an ancient Georgian inscription discovered at Dariali Fort George Gagoshidze13. Vessel glass from the Dariali FortFiona Anne Mowat14. Report of chemical compositional characterisation of glass fragments excavated from Dariali Fort (Georgia) by non-destructive X-ray fluorescence analysis Yoshinari Abe and Ryuji Shikaku15. The small objects and other finds Lana Chologauri, Ana Gabunia, Fiona Anne Mowat, Seth M.N. Priestman, Eberhard W. Sauer and St John Simpson, with an appendix by Scott Stetkiewicz16. The sword from Grave G9 in the cemetery south of Dariali Fort: analytical and technological study and assessment Brian Gilmour17. Ceramic building materials from Dariali Fort Seth M.N. Priestman18. Mortars from Dariali Fort and nearby fortifications J. Riley Snyder and Martina Astolfi19. Human skeletal remains Anthi Tiliakou, Catherine Shupe, Elena Kranioti and Annamaria Diana20. Dariali Cemetery stable isotope analysis Catriona Pickard21. Herding and hunting in the highlands from the Sasanian to late medieval periods 22. Plant remains Lyudmila Shumilovskikh and Imogen Poole23. Archaeomagnetic studies of features excavated in Dariali Gorge Cathy M. Batt, David P. Greenwood and Tehreem Kainaat24. Luminescence dating and micromorphological assessment Lisa Snape and Ian BailiffSection D: History25. The history of the Dariali Gorge Section E: Appendices and ConclusionAppendices. Landslides, the location of the gates and imperial landscapes: notes on historical geographyI A hostile environment: landslides and their effect on settlement patterns in the Gorge II Where were the gates? A French eyewitness to the narrowness of the Gorge III Investigations of ancient canal systems in Central and Eastern Georgia ConclusionBibliography
=506  0\$aOpen Access$fUnrestricted online access$2star
=520  \\$aThe Huns, invading through Dariali Gorge on the modern-day border between Russia and Georgia in AD 395 and 515, spread terror across the late antique world. Was this the prelude to the apocalypse? Prophecies foresaw a future Hunnic onslaught, via the same mountain pass, bringing about the end of the world. Humanity’s fate depended on a gated barrier deep in Europe’s highest and most forbidding mountain chain.Centuries before the emergence of such apocalyptic beliefs, the gorge had reached world fame. It was the target of a planned military expedition by the Emperor Nero. Chained to the dramatic sheer cliffs, framing the narrow passage, the mythical fire-thief Prometheus suffered severe punishment, his liver devoured by an eagle. It was known under multiple names, most commonly the Caspian or Alan Gates.Featuring in the works of literary giants, no other mountain pass in the ancient and medieval world matches Dariali’s fame. Yet little was known about the materiality of this mythical place. A team of archaeologists has now shed much new light on the major gorge-blocking fort and a barrier wall on a steep rocky ridge further north. The walls still standing today were built around the time of the first major Hunnic invasion in the late fourth century – when the Caucasus defences feature increasingly prominently in negotiations between the Great Powers of Persia and Rome. In its endeavour to strongly fortify the strategic mountain pass through the Central Caucasus, the workforce erased most traces of earlier occupation. The Persian-built bastion saw heavy occupation for 600 years. Its multi-faith medieval garrison controlled Trans-Caucasian traffic. Everyday objects and human remains reveal harsh living conditions and close connections to the Muslim South, as well as the steppe world of the north. The Caspian Gates explains how a highly strategic rock has played a pivotal role in world history from Classical Antiquity into the twentieth century.
=536  \\$aEuropean Research Council$fPersia and its Neighbours’
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
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=710  2\$aCasemate Academic,$epublisher.
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=245  00$aExploring Ancient Sounds and Places :$bTheoretical and Methodological Approaches to Archaeoacoustics /$cedited by Margarita Díaz-Andreu, Neemias Santos da Rosa.
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=505  0\$aList of contributors 1. Exploring ancient sounds and places: The challenges of hearing intangible heritage in the past Margarita Díaz-Andreu and Neemias Santos da Rosa2. The role of listening in the prehistorical emergence of speech and song: A precursor to becoming human? Bernd Brabec3. Archoustemology and the Aurignacian: Ancient ways of knowing through sound Simon Wyatt4. The sounds are audible: Fabricating ancient instruments – what more can we learn? Neil Rusch5. Methodologies to explore the cognitive effects of music in rituals: Implications for studying ancient ritual activities Raquel Aparicio-Terrés and Carles Escera6. Methods for psychoacoustic and emotional evaluation of archaeological soundscapes with auralisation Samantha López-Mochales and Carles Escera7. Ethnohistorical sources in archaeoacoustics research: A case study from South-Central California Ana-María Alarcón-Jiménez, Raquel Jiménez Pasalodos and Margarita Díaz-Andreu8. Early rock music: Methodology to identify and analyse portable lithophones. An example from Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve in the San Luis Valley, Colorado, US Marilyn Armagast Martorano9. Preliminary insights into the archaeoacoustics of cup-marked sounding rocks in the north area of the Gredos mountain chain, SpainRaquel Jiménez Pasalodos, Martín Almagro-Gorbea and Jesús Caballero Arribas10. The rock art soundscapes of the Karakol valley (Republic of Altai, Russia): An archaeoacoustic study of a unique landscapeMargarita Díaz-Andreu, Raquel Jiménez Pasalodos, Neemias Santos da Rosa, Daniel Benítez-Aragón and Lidia Alvarez-Morales11. Sound imagery in medieval Serbian frescoes Zorana Đorđević12. Acoustic space then and now: Listening to history Tess Knighton13. Estimation of speech intelligibility in the past: Learning from Benjamin Franklin’s experiment Braxton Boren
=506  0\$aOpen Access$fUnrestricted online access$2star
=520  \\$aExploring Ancient Sounds and Places: Theoretical and Methodological Approaches to Archaeoacoustics brings together scholars from diverse academic fields – including archaeology, anthropology, architecture, classics, history, art history and sound engineering – to shed light on the role of sound and acoustics in the cultural practices of past societies from various chronologies and locations around the world. This innovative volume covers a broad spectrum of topics, such as the genesis of archaeological investigations into sound, the emergence of speech and song in early humans, the cognitive effects of music in ritualistic contexts, the acoustic dimensions of rock art sites, and the emotional responses elicited by sonorous activities experienced in these decorated spaces. Additionally, the book delves into the study of prehistoric musical instruments, the use of ethnohistorical sources in archaeoacoustic research, the analysis of sound imagery in medieval frescoes, and explores historical approaches to the study of specific acoustic parameters and the sonic properties of urban environments. Each chapter not only aggregates a wealth of academic perspectives but also bridges the gap between theoretical concepts and the most advanced methods used in this field of research. Case studies from all over the world illustrate the different ways in which ancient communities perceived and engaged with sound and the acoustics of the landscapes in which they were immersed. Exploring Ancient Sounds and Places is an essential resource for scholars and students interested in archaeoacoustics and how sound has shaped the cognitive, cultural and spiritual facets of human societies across time and space.
=536  \\$aEuropean Research Council$c787842$eHorizon 2020
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
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=588  0\$aMetadata licensed under CC0 Public Domain Dedication.
=653  \\$aArchaeoacoustics
=653  \\$aSound
=653  \\$aArchaeology
=700  1\$aDíaz-Andreu, Margarita,$eeditor.$uUniversitat de Barcelona.$0(orcid)0000000310432336$1https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1043-2336
=700  1\$aSantos da Rosa, Neemias,$eeditor.$uUniversity of Bordeaux.$0(orcid)000000018800146X$1https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8800-146X
=710  2\$aCasemate Academic,$epublisher.
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=245  00$aForsaken Relics :$bPractices and Rituals of Appropriating Abandoned Artifacts from Antiquity to Modern Times /$cedited by Alessandro Buono, Gianluca Miniaci, Anna Anguissola.
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=505  0\$aContributors Preface Appropriating places 1. The biographies of Neolithic burnt houses: Insights from the Trypillia megasites of Ukraine Bisserka Gaydarska, Brian Buchanan, and John Chapman2. Roman euocatio, or how to get possession of a deserted city Chiara Ombretta Tommasi3. Reclaiming the funerary space: The protection and re-use of tombs in the burial grounds of Hierapolis in Phrygia Anna AnguissolaRedefining abandonment 4. Relic(t) ecologies. Exploring abandonment in the Apuan Alps F. Anichini, S. Basile, G. Gattiglia, and C. Sciuto5. Depopulating landscapes: Methodology and the materiality of archives in Calabria Joseph J. Viscomi6. Rehabi(li)tating abandonment. Urban occupations and their regenerative practices Antonio StopaniClaiming things 7. After death: Rituality used to legitimise the appropriation of abandoned goods in ancient Egypt Gianluca Miniaci8. How to preserve an oikos? The case of Isaeus’s Oration VIII Angelica Tortorella9. How to claim things with rites. Care for the dead and inheritance rights in early modern Europe (and beyond) Alessandro BuonoAfterword 10. Biographies of place and the significance of place-value John Chapman and Bisserka Gaydarska
=506  0\$aOpen Access$fUnrestricted online access$2star
=520  \\$aForsaken Relics is the result of an interdisciplinary dialogue between history, archaeology, and ethnography on the topic of the appropriation of disputed goods and places. Scholars with diverse backgrounds convened to address this common challenge: how different societies in time and space managed to claim and re-appropriate alleged ‘abandoned’ or ‘ownerless’ goods or things ‘in ruin’.The volume includes a diverse range of case studies – from Neolithic sites in Eastern Europe to ancient Egypt and the Mediterranean, encompassing early modern and present-day Europe – reflecting on the ways in which actions can be used to legitimise appropriation, with a particular focus on ritual actions and practices.The objective of this book is to stimulate comparative analysis of this topic in both ancient and modern societies, by identifying the actors of appropriation, examining the definition of abandonment, and exploring the ritual aspects intrinsic in actions such as inventorying, dedication and communication to ancestors, and prayers to gods. Ritual actions, in the last instance, were designed to legitimise the reappropriation and resignification of places and goods classified as abandoned or in a state of ruin, and to recreate locality, kinship, and communities.
=536  \\$aUniversity of Pisa
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=540  \\$aThe text of this book is licensed under a custom license. For more detailed information consult the publisher's website.$uhttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode
=588  0\$aMetadata licensed under CC0 Public Domain Dedication.
=653  \\$aritualistic appropriation
=653  \\$aabandoned assets
=653  \\$aabandoned artifacts
=700  1\$aBuono, Alessandro,$eeditor.$uUniversity of Pisa.$0(orcid)000000025963728X$1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5963-728X
=700  1\$aMiniaci, Gianluca,$eeditor.$uUniversity of Pisa.$0(orcid)0000000308774409$1https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0877-4409
=700  1\$aAnguissola, Anna,$eeditor.$uUniversity of Pisa.$0(orcid)0000000252459054$1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5245-9054
=710  2\$aCasemate Academic,$epublisher.
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=100  1\$aSousa, Rogério,$eauthor.$uUniversity of Lisbon.$0(orcid)0000000282531707$1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8253-1707
=245  10$aGilded Flesh :$bCoffins and Afterlife in Ancient Egypt /$cRogério Sousa.
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=505  0\$aList of figures Preface 1. A dwelling by the Nile: The Predynastic grave of “Gebelein Man A” 2. On the path to Sokar: Solar splendours in the Mastaba of Ti 3. Facing the sun: The shaft tomb of Senebtisi 4. Flying back home: The grave of the “Gurnah Queen” 5. A house on the edge of the world: The Tomb of Kha and Merit (TT 8) 6. The Garden of Heaven: The family tomb of Sennedjem (TT 1) 7. The healing light: The burial assemblage of the priestess Tabasety 8. The divine brotherhood: The Tomb of the Priests of Amun 9. Conclusion Bibliography
=506  0\$aOpen Access$fUnrestricted online access$2star
=520  \\$aEgyptian coffins stand out in museums’ collections for their lively and radiant appearance. As an involucre of the mummy, coffins played a key-role by protecting the body and at the same time, integrating the deceased in the afterlife. The paramount importance of these objects and their purpose is detected in the ways they changed through time. For more than three thousand years, coffins and tombs had been designed to assure in the most efficient way possible a successful outcome for the difficult transition to the afterlife.This book examines twelve non-royal tombs found relatively intact, from the plains of Saqqara to the sacred hills of Thebes. These almost undisturbed burial sites managed to escape ancient looters and became adventurous events of the Egyptian archaeology. These discoveries are described from the Mariette’s exploration of the Mastaba of Ti in Saqqara to Schiaparelli’s discovery of the Tomb of Kha and Merit in Deir el-Medina.Each one of these sites unveil before our eyes a time capsule, where coffins and tombs were designed together as part of a social, political, and religious order. From the Pre-dynastic times to the decline of the New Kingdom, this book explores each site revealing the interconnection between mummification practices, coffin decoration, burial equipment, tomb decoration and ritual landscapes. Through this analysis, the author aims to point out how the design of coffins changed through time in order to empower the deceased with different visions of immortality. By doing so, the study of coffins reveal a silent revolution which managed to open to the common men and women horizons of divinity previously reserved to the royal sphere. Coffins thus show us how identity was forged to create an immortal and divine self.
=536  \\$aFundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia$fUIDB/04311/2020 and UIDP/04311/2020
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
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=588  0\$aMetadata licensed under CC0 Public Domain Dedication.
=653  \\$aAncient Egypt & Egyptology
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=245  00$aLandscapes of (Re)Conquest :$bFrontier Dynamics in Medieval Iberia and Occitania /$cedited by Aleksander Pluskowski, Guillermo García-Contreras, Michelle Alexander.
=264  \1$aOxford, UK. :$bCasemate Academic,$c2026.
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=505  0\$aList of contributorsAcknowledgementsPART 1: INTRODUCTION1. Frontier societies in the medieval western Mediterranean: Historical framework and concepts Guillermo García-Contreras, Michelle Alexander and Aleksander Pluskowski2. Studying frontier societies: Theory, scales, methods and chronology Aleksander Pluskowski, Guillermo García-Contreras, Michelle AlexanderPART 2: IBERIA3. Sites in Iberia: The historical and archaeological dataGuillermo García-Contreras, Luca Mattei and Aleksander Pluskowski4. The cultural landscapes of medieval Iberian frontiers Luca Mattei and Guillermo García-Contreras5. Land use in medieval Iberian frontier societies Rowena Banerjea, Luca Mattei, Alex Brown, Lionello Morandi and Phillip Toms6. Towards a narrative change? New archaeobotanical research on the ‘Green Revolution’ at the heartlands and frontiers of Al-Andalus Jérôme Ros, Nicolás Losilla, Thierry Pastor and Camille Hervy7. The zooarchaeology of frontiers in late medieval Iberia Marcos García García8. Diet and animal husbandry on an Iberian frontier: biomolecular perspectives from Guadalajara Michelle Alexander, Maite I. Garcia-Collado, Samantha Greeves and Marcos García García9. Metal production after the Christian conquests in Iberia (12th–15th centuries): the lordship of Molina de Aragón (Guadalajara, Spain)Yaiza Hernández–Casas, Mercedes Murillo–Barroso, Jesús Alberto Arenas Esteban and Guillermo García–Contreras Ruiz10. Mortar composition and technology in Islamic and Christian fortifications: Case studies from Guadalajara and Andalusia Kevin M. J. Hayward11. The upper frontier (aṯ‐ṯaġr al‐a ʿlà) of al-Andalus and the Catalan comital conquestJesús Brufal, Helena Kirchner and Antoni VirgiliPART 3: OCCITANIA12. Sites in Occitania: The historical and archaeological dataCarole Puig, David Maso, Margot Hoffelt, Jean-Michel Carozza and Aleksander Pluskowski13. The impact of the Albigensian Crusade on the cultural landscapes of the eastern Pyrenean frontier (Pyrénées Audoises)Carole Puig, Margot Hoffelt and Jean-Michel Carozza14. Beyond borders and politics: the resilience of human-animal interactions after the Albigensian crusade Dianne Unsain, Tatiana André and Audrey RousselPART 4: SYNTHESIS15. The impact of shifting frontiers, conquest and cultural transformation in medieval Iberia and OccitaniaAleksander Pluskowski, Michelle Alexander, Guillermo García-Contreras
=506  0\$aOpen Access$fUnrestricted online access$2star
=520  \\$aFrontiers were an integral feature of every medieval polity, and their spaces were defined by opposing spheres of influence, contact and connectivity. As these polities expanded and contracted, often as a result of military conquest and territorial annexation, their permeable edges became defined by transformative cultural landscapes. Here, the encounters between native or resident and incoming populations, from small elite groups through to larger numbers of migrants from diverse social backgrounds, resulted in varying degrees of cultural hybridity. This came to define frontier societies, and left an enduring impact even as borderlands continued to move. They also saw the reconfiguration of political, economic and religious landscapes as frontier authorities invested in both old and new centers, with varying degrees of continuity. Today, the remains of their fortified residences represent the most striking monuments associated with former frontiers. They remain at the center of public narratives regarding state formation and cultural conflict.Adopting the definition of frontiers as both the spaces at the edges of polities and the composite societies resulting from their territorial expansion, this book presents a multi-disciplinary study of their dynamics. Focusing on the western Mediterranean, it draws on case studies of cultural landscapes shaped by two contrasting periods of conquest, regime change and state formation: the Castilian and Aragonese conquests of al-Andalus (Islamic Iberia) and the French annexation of Occitania following the Albigensian Crusade. Integrating perspectives from settlement and landscape archaeology, geoarchaeology, zooarchaeology, archaeobotany, archaeometallurgy and isotopic analyses, this book provides a new framework for the study of the transformative spaces of medieval frontier societies.
=536  \\$aArts and Humanities Research Council (AHRC)$cAH/R013861/1
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=588  0\$aMetadata licensed under CC0 Public Domain Dedication.
=653  \\$aMedieval frontiers
=653  \\$aPolities
=653  \\$aBorderlands
=700  1\$aPluskowski, Aleksander,$eeditor.$uUniversity of Reading.$0(orcid)0000000244947664$1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4494-7664
=700  1\$aGarcía-Contreras, Guillermo,$eeditor.$uUniversidad de Granada.$0(orcid)0000000206557067$1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0655-7067
=700  1\$aAlexander, Michelle,$eeditor.$uUniversity of York.$0(orcid)0000000180003639$1https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8000-3639
=710  2\$aCasemate Academic,$epublisher.
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=245  00$aUnderstanding Relations Between Scripts II :$bEarly Alphabets /$cedited by Philippa M. Steele, Philip J. Boyes.
=264  \1$aOxford, UK. :$bCasemate Academic,$c2019.
=264  \4$c©2019
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=505  0\$aAcknowledgementsAbbreviations1. Introduction: Issues in studying early alphabetsPhilip J. Boyes and Philippa M. Steele2. A ʽtop-downʼ re-invention of an old form: Cuneiform alphabets in contextSilvia Ferrara3. Variation in alphabetic cuneiform: Rethinking the ‘Phoenician’ inscriptionfrom SareptaPhilip J. Boyes4. Ancient Egypt and the earliest known stages of alphabetic writingBen Haring5. Much ado about an implement! – the Phoenicianising of Early AlphabeticReinhard G. Lehmann6. Vowel representation in the Archaic Greek and Old Aramaic scripts:A comparative orthographic and phonological examinationRoger D. Woodard7. Mother or sister? Rethinking the origins of the Greek alphabet andits relation to the other ‘western’ alphabetsWillemijn Waal8. The development of Greek alphabets: Fluctuations and standardisationsPhilippa M. Steele9. Between scripts and languages: Inscribed intricacies from geometric andarchaic Greek contextsGiorgos Bourogiannis10. The matter of voice – the Umbrian perspectiveKarin W. Tikkanen11. Writings in network? The case of Palaeohispanic scriptsColine Ruiz DarasseBibliography
=506  0\$aOpen Access$fUnrestricted online access$2star
=520  \\$aContexts of and Relations between Early Writing Systems (CREWS) is a project funded by the European Research Council under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement No. 677758), and based in the Faculty of Classics, University of Cambridge.Understanding Relations Between Scripts II: Early Alphabets is the first volume in this series, bringing together ten experts on ancient writing, languages and archaeology to present a set of diverse studies on the early development of alphabetic writing systems and their spread across the Levant and Mediterranean during the second and first millennia BC. By taking an interdisciplinary perspective, it sheds new light on alphabetic writing not just as a tool for recording language but also as an element of culture.
=536  \\$aEuropean Research Council$c677758$eHorizon 2020$fContexts of and Relations between Early Writing Systems
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=540  \\$aThe text of this book is licensed under a custom license. For more detailed information consult the publisher's website.$uhttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode
=588  0\$aMetadata licensed under CC0 Public Domain Dedication.
=653  \\$aAncient writing systems
=653  \\$aLevant
=653  \\$aMediterranean
=700  1\$aSteele, Philippa M.,$eeditor.$uUniversity of Cambridge.$0(orcid)000000033109265X$1https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3109-265X
=700  1\$aBoyes, Philip J.,$eeditor.$uUniversity of Cambridge.$0(orcid)0000000234537987$1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3453-7987
=710  2\$aCasemate Academic,$epublisher.
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