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urn:uuid:f0b680d2-068b-4ada-b08e-b5fc1cb52237 03 15 9781805112631 00 EB E101 10 01 01 The Diagrammatics of ‘Race’ Visualizing Human Relatedness in the History of Physical, Evolutionary, and Genetic Anthropology, ca. 1770-2020 1 A01 Marianne Sommer Marianne Sommer holds the chair of Kulturwissenschaften at the Department for Cultural and Science Studies at the University of Lucerne, Switzerland. Prior to that, she has held postdoctoral positions at the Max Planck Institute for the History of Science in Berlin, Pennsylvania State University, and the ETH Zurich, followed by a professorship at the University of Zurich. She has been a guest at many institutions, including Stanford University and the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA). For her research in the history of the earth, life, and human sciences, encompassing processes of narration, visualization, and exhibition, she has received the Swiss National Latsis Prize. Her monograph History Within (published with The University of Chicago Press in 2016) engages with the science, politics, and culture related to reconstructions of human evolutionary histories; it traces the generation and circulation of such knowledge from the late nineteenth century to the present, including through venues like the museum, the zoo, literature, or the web. Among her monographs are also Bones and Ochre: The Curious Afterlife of the Red Lady of Paviland (published with Harvard University Press in 2007) and Evolutionäre Anthropologie (published with Junius in 2015). Bones and Ochre tells the scientific and cultural history of paleoanthropology and to a lesser degree archeology through the ‘biography’ of the most likely first fossil human skeleton discovered in 1823. Evolutionäre Anthropologie is an introduction to the history of evolutionary anthropology for scholars, students, and the interested public. 01 eng 00 372 03 23 Anthropology 23 diagrams 04 GN34.3.C43 12 J 10 SOC070000 23 anthropology 12 JFSL1 23 Politics and Sociology 10 SOC002010 12 JHM 23 race and diversity 23 Science: History of Science 10 SOC008000 23 history of science 12 JHMC 23 visual representation 23 family trees 01 06 03 00 This is the first book that engages with the history of diagrams in physical, evolutionary, and genetic anthropology. Since their establishment as scientific tools for classification in the eighteenth century, diagrams have been used to determine but also to deny kinship between human groups. In nineteenth-century craniometry, they were omnipresent in attempts to standardize measurements on skulls for hierarchical categorization. In particular the ’human family tree’ was central for evolutionary understandings of human diversity, being used on both sides of debates about whether humans constitute different species well into the twentieth century. With recent advances in (ancient) DNA analyses, the tree diagram has become more contested than ever―does human relatedness take the shape of a network? Are human individual genomes mosaics made up of different ancestries? Sommer examines the epistemic and political role of these visual representations in the history of ‘race’ as an anthropological category. How do such diagrams relate to imperial and (post-)colonial practices and ideologies but also to liberal and humanist concerns?The Diagrammatics of 'Race' concentrates on Western projects from the late 1700s into the present to diagrammatically define humanity, subdividing and ordering it, including the concomitant endeavors to acquire representative samples―bones, blood, or DNA―from all over the world. Contributing to the ‘diagrammatic turn’ in the humanities and social sciences, it reveals connections between diagrams in anthropology and other visual traditions, including in religion, linguistics, biology, genealogy, breeding, and eugenics. 04 00 Acknowledgements About the Author Introduction Part I. Building a Diagrammatics of ‘Race’ in the Emerging Field of Anthropology 1. Esthetics, Diagrammatics, and Metrics: The Beginnings of Physical Anthropology 2. Samuel George Morton and His (Paper) Skulls 3. Kinship Denied and Acknowledged 4. Prichard’s Third Edition of Researches (1836–47) and Nott’s and Gliddon’s Types of Mankind (1854) 5. Codifying a Diagrammatics of ‘Race’ Part II. Maps, Scales, and Trees as (Intertwined) Diagrams of Human Genealogy and Evolution 6. The First Tree of the Human ‘Races’: Mappa Mundi, Chain of Being, and Tree of Life 7. Map, Scale, and Tree in Natural History 8. Map, Scale, and Tree in Darwin, Haeckel and Co.: The Genealogy of the Human Species 9. Map, Scale, and Tree in Darwin, Haeckel and Co.: The Genealogy of the Human ‘Races’ 10. About Treeing… Part III. Radicalizing versus Deconstructing the Family Tree of the Human ‘Races’ 11. Denying Even the Tree-Structured Human Kinship 12. Meandering Rivers and Synthetic Networks against Polygenism 13. The Reaffirmation of the Polygenist ‘Tree’ 14. Cable or Tangled Skein? 15. Missing Links to the Eugenic Pedigrees Part IV. The Tree, the Map, the Mosaic, and the Network in Genetic Anthropology 16. The History, Geography, and Politics of Human Genes 17. Genetic Trees, Admixture, and Mosaics 18. Gene Flow and Ancient DNA: Trees with Connecting Branches 19. The (Diagrammatic) Narratives of Genetic Revolutions 20. Deconstructing the Tree Diagram to a Mess – or at least a Net Postscript References List of Illustrations Index Open Book Publishers 01 Open Book Publishers 04 01 20240730 02 WORLD 06 15 9781805112600 06 15 9781805112617 06 15 9781805112624 06 15 9781805112655 06 15 9781805112631 WORLD 09 Open Book Publishers 20 02 5.99 GBP WORLD