Thoth distribution@thoth.pub 20260827T041953

urn:uuid:c4d33837-9aac-4d4b-8972-0240b1a0220b 03 01 01 urn:uuid:c4d33837-9aac-4d4b-8972-0240b1a0220b 15 9798888571729 06 10.2307/jj.36075896 00 EB E107 10 Creative Commons License 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ 01 01 Animating the Dead An Archaeology of Bronze Age Burial Practices in Orkney 1 A01 Jane Downes 2 A01 21 0000-0002-3151-4915 Colin Richards 01 eng 00 400 03 20 Bronze Age 93 NK 10 SOC003000 10 HIS015000 93 NHD 20 Orkney 10 HIS002000 93 NHC 20 Round barrows 03 00 This book provides the exciting results of a long-term project examining Bronze Age round barrow construction and burial practices in Orkney, Scotland. A main focus of this research is on the act of cremation; a technology of bodily metamorphosis as articulated through complex mortuary practices, which produced a distinctive form of funerary architecture. This, and other topical themes, are explored through the results of extensive excavations at several barrow cemeteries including Linga Fiold, Gitterpitten, Varme Dale, Vestrafiold and the Knowes of Trotty, the latter being famous for rich grave goods including gold discs and amber beads. In this context, in being built on the ruins of an early Neolithic settlement, Knowes of Trotty provides an intersection of relational fields, fusing local tradition with faraway places.At Linga Fiold, the barrow cemetery was almost entirely excavated, and by employing sophisticated recovery techniques and analyses, unique evidence is presented for a complex sequence of barrow building and mortuary practices. This enables the reconstruction of an extraordinary ritual journey of the deceased from cremation pyre to final interment. Additionally, several cist excavations are published here for the first time. This evidence allows an appraisal of the developing cist burial tradition in Orkney through the Chalcolithic and Bronze Age, from the insertion of remains into chambered tombs and large re-enterable unobtrusive cists, to the development of imposing linear barrow cemeteries, to the drawing in of the dead closer to home. Overall, the new findings presented here allow a reconsideration of the chronology and specifics of changing Orcadian burial technologies and traditions: clearly, such results have significance beyond Orkney for understanding the complexities of Bronze Age cremation and burial practices across Britain and north-west Europe. 04 00 Acknowledgements 1. Animating the Orcadian Chalcolithic and Bronze Age 2. Situating the dead in Orkney during the third and second millennia cal BC 3. Storing the dead: the cist burials of Orkney 4. Of fabulous wealth and distant places: the Knowes of Trotty barrow cemetery, West Mainland, Orkney 5. Looking northwards: Linga Fiold barrow cemetery, west Mainland, Orkney 6. Examining three barrow groups at Varme Dale, Gitterpitten and Vestra Fiold, and two coastal cairns at Queenamuckle and Quarrel Geo 7. Cremating the dead in Bronze Age Orkney 8. Re-assembling communities of the living with the dead in third and second millennia BC Orkney Bibliography 20 00 Open Access Oxbow Books 01 Casemate Academic Oxford 04 01 20251231 13 15 9798888571439 09 Casemate Academic 29 Publisher's website: download the title https://openaccess.oxbowbooks.com/10.2307/jj.36075896.pdf 99 01 09 Casemate Academic 02 Publisher's website: web shop https://www.oxbowbooks.com/9798888571439/animating-the-dead/ 99 01 urn:uuid:bd1899da-7dd8-4e73-820b-54d7995871cc 03 01 01 urn:uuid:bd1899da-7dd8-4e73-820b-54d7995871cc 15 9798888571712 06 10.2307/jj.36075897 00 EB E107 10 Creative Commons License 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ 01 01 Cladh Hallan: Roundhouses and the Dead in the Hebridean Bronze Age and Iron Age Part 2: Material Culture, Subsistence, Skeletons and Synthesis 1 A01 21 0000-0002-7341-121X Mike Parker Pearson 2 A01 Jacqui Mulville 3 A01 Helen Smith 4 A01 Peter Marshall 01 eng 00 576 03 20 Bronze Age 10 SOC003000 10 HIS015000 20 Iron Age 10 HIS002000 10 1.1.2.0.0.0.0 03 00 This second of two volumes presents archaeological and scientific studies of a wide range of materials from the unusually long-occupied Bronze Age and Iron Age site of Cladh Hallan on South Uist in the Western Isles of Scotland. These include metalworking debris, copper-alloy, gold and iron artefacts, bone and antler tools and ornaments, flint and quartz tools, coarse stone tools, pumice, shale ornaments and fuel ash slag. The metalworking assemblage, from casting weapons, tools and ornaments, is exceptional in its size and in its being stratified within a domestic context of production. Metal tools and ornaments, some placed as special deposits on house floors, include a gold-plated penannular ring and an iron object stratified within an 11th-century BC house floor, among the earliest finds of iron artefacts in Britain.The enormous and well-preserved environmental assemblage includes faunal remains of land mammals, whales, fish, birds and marine and terrestrial molluscs. Sheep were the most numerous domestic species within an assemblage of over 150,000 land mammalian remains, and Cladh Hallan has the largest collection of canine remains for any settlement in British later prehistory. Carbonized plant remains derive principally from cultivation of barley and associated weeds of cultivation. The site’s assemblage provides extensive material for chemical analysis of food residues, isotopic analysis of animal and human remains, osteological analysis of human remains, histological analysis of their processes of diagenesis, and genetic analysis of ancient DNA from animal and human remains. These analyses include full investigation of the human remains from two composite inhumations that had formerly been mummified, the first discovery of this mortuary practice in prehistoric Britain. The book concludes with a synthesis of results presented in the two volumes, presenting the rich insights provided by research on Cladh Hallan into life and death in the 2nd and early 1st millennia BC. 04 00 List of Figures List of Tables Contributors Acknowledgements Preface M. Parker Pearson, J. Mulville, H. Smith and P. Marshall 1 Metallurgy: ceramic material associated with metalworking T. Cowie and M. Parker Pearson 2 Metalwork M. Juddery, M. Parker Pearson, L. Troalen, T. Verolet, B. O’Connor and D. Dungworth 3 Bone and antler tools G. Davies 4 Use-wear analysis of bone and antler points V. Alexander 5 Worked flint, quartz and stone M. Edmonds, K. Martin, J. Compton and L. Hurcombe 6 Coarse stone artefacts H. Goddard and M. Parker Pearson 7 Pumice M. Parker Pearson and H. Goddard 8 Bangles and beads F. Hunter, M. Parker Pearson and M. Charlton 9 Fuel ash slag M. Parker Pearson 10 Faunal remains of mammals (excluding cetaceans) J. Mulville and A. Powell with J. Davies, A. Hale and R. Madgwick 11 Faunal remains of Cetacea S. Evans and J. Mulville 12 The birds J. Best and J. Cartledge† 13 The fish C. Ingrem 14 Marine molluscs H. Smith and M. Parker Pearson 15 Non-marine molluscs N. Thew and M. Law 16 The carbonised plant remains H. Smith and S. Colledge 17 Organic residue analysis of pottery residues L. Cramp, R. Evershed, G. Taylor and O.E. Craig 18 Isotope analysis of human and animal remains O.E. Craig, G. Taylor, J. Jones, J.I. Griffith and C. Snoeck 19 The human remains C. Willis 20 Histological analysis of human and animal bone: exceptional taphonomies, exceptional histories? R. Madgwick. T.J. Booth and J. Mulville 21 Ancient DNA survival analysis of faunal remains V.E. Mullin 22 Coprolites M. Parker Pearson 23 Cladh Hallan in its context M. Parker Pearson Bibliography Index 20 00 Open Access Oxbow Books 01 Casemate Academic Oxford, UK. 04 01 20251031 13 15 9798888571163 09 Casemate Academic 02 Publisher's website: web shop https://www.oxbowbooks.com/9798888571163/cladh-hallan-roundhouses-and-the-dead-in-the-hebridean-bronze-age-and-iron-age/ 99 01 09 Casemate Academic 29 Publisher's website: download the title https://openaccess.casemateacademic.com/10.2307/jj.36075897.pdf 99 01 urn:uuid:f1000f8b-9393-44a0-9caf-4e523256048a 03 01 01 urn:uuid:f1000f8b-9393-44a0-9caf-4e523256048a 15 9798888570913 06 10.2307/jj.36075894 00 EB E107 10 Creative Commons License 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ 01 01 Dariali: The 'Caspian Gates' in the Caucasus from Antiquity to the Age of the Huns and the Middle Ages The Joint Georgian-British Dariali Gorge Excavations and Surveys of 2013–2016 1 A01 21 0000-0002-1727-453X Eberhard Sauer 01 eng 00 1088 03 93 NK 10 SOC003000 10 HIS002000 93 NHC 10 1.6.0.0.0.0 03 00 The Huns, invading through Dariali Gorge on the modern-day border between Russia and Georgia in AD 395 and 515, spread terror across the late antique world. Was this the prelude to the apocalypse? Prophecies foresaw a future Hunnic onslaught, via the same mountain pass, bringing about the end of the world. Humanity’s fate depended on a gated barrier deep in Europe’s highest and most forbidding mountain chain.Centuries before the emergence of such apocalyptic beliefs, the gorge had reached world fame. It was the target of a planned military expedition by the Emperor Nero. Chained to the dramatic sheer cliffs, framing the narrow passage, the mythical fire-thief Prometheus suffered severe punishment, his liver devoured by an eagle. It was known under multiple names, most commonly the Caspian or Alan Gates.Featuring in the works of literary giants, no other mountain pass in the ancient and medieval world matches Dariali’s fame. Yet little was known about the materiality of this mythical place. A team of archaeologists has now shed much new light on the major gorge-blocking fort and a barrier wall on a steep rocky ridge further north. The walls still standing today were built around the time of the first major Hunnic invasion in the late fourth century – when the Caucasus defences feature increasingly prominently in negotiations between the Great Powers of Persia and Rome. In its endeavour to strongly fortify the strategic mountain pass through the Central Caucasus, the workforce erased most traces of earlier occupation. The Persian-built bastion saw heavy occupation for 600 years. Its multi-faith medieval garrison controlled Trans-Caucasian traffic. Everyday objects and human remains reveal harsh living conditions and close connections to the Muslim South, as well as the steppe world of the north. The Caspian Gates explains how a highly strategic rock has played a pivotal role in world history from Classical Antiquity into the twentieth century. 04 00 Volume 1 Acknowledgements Section A: Preliminaries 1. Introduction Section B: Excavations and survey 2. Late antique buildings occupied to the Late Middle Ages: life over one millennium on Dariali Fort (Trench F) 3. Towering over the northern approaches: late antique buildings, medieval food storage and modern military (Trench Q) 4. Barrier, bastion and aqueduct: sondages and surveys on and around Dariali Fort (Trenches L, X and O) 5. Extramural areas south of the fort: two-and-a-half millennia of traffic and two millennia of food production in the shadow of the rock (Trenches P and M) 6. Dariali early medieval cemetery (Trenches E, G and AB) Eberhard W. Sauer, Anthi Tiliakou, Catherine Shupe, Annamaria Diana, Elena Kranioti and Konstantin Pitskhelauri 7. The Caspian Gates? Bakht’ari fortified ridge: first line of defence and northernmost barrier (Trench Y/Phase 3) 8. Medieval Gveleti Fort: valley-blocking cliff-top bastion and royal refuge from the Mongols (Trenches C, D, N, U, V and W) 9. Elusive migration-era burials and enigmatic stone cairns: fieldwork near Gveleti Cemetery and in the Amali Valley (Trenches A, B, H, I, J, K, R, S, T, Z and AA) 10. Landscape investigations in the Dariali Pass Kristen Hopper, Dan Lawrence, Lisa Snape, Lana Chologauri, Seth M.N. Priestman, Lyudmila Shumilovskikh, Konstantin Pitskhelauri and Graham Philip Volume 2 Section C: Specialist contributions: finds, building materials, biological and environmental evidence and scientific dating 11. Provisioning and supply across an ancient frontier: the late antique and medieval ceramic sequence from the Dariali Gorge in the High Caucasus Seth M.N. Priestman 12. Fragment of a ceramic vessel with an ancient Georgian inscription discovered at Dariali Fort George Gagoshidze 13. Vessel glass from the Dariali Fort Fiona Anne Mowat 14. Report of chemical compositional characterisation of glass fragments excavated from Dariali Fort (Georgia) by non-destructive X-ray fluorescence analysis Yoshinari Abe and Ryuji Shikaku 15. The small objects and other finds Lana Chologauri, Ana Gabunia, Fiona Anne Mowat, Seth M.N. Priestman, Eberhard W. Sauer and St John Simpson, with an appendix by Scott Stetkiewicz 16. The sword from Grave G9 in the cemetery south of Dariali Fort: analytical and technological study and assessment Brian Gilmour 17. Ceramic building materials from Dariali Fort Seth M.N. Priestman 18. Mortars from Dariali Fort and nearby fortifications J. Riley Snyder and Martina Astolfi 19. Human skeletal remains Anthi Tiliakou, Catherine Shupe, Elena Kranioti and Annamaria Diana 20. Dariali Cemetery stable isotope analysis Catriona Pickard 21. Herding and hunting in the highlands from the Sasanian to late medieval periods 22. Plant remains Lyudmila Shumilovskikh and Imogen Poole 23. Archaeomagnetic studies of features excavated in Dariali Gorge Cathy M. Batt, David P. Greenwood and Tehreem Kainaat 24. Luminescence dating and micromorphological assessment Lisa Snape and Ian Bailiff Section D: History 25. The history of the Dariali Gorge Section E: Appendices and Conclusion Appendices. Landslides, the location of the gates and imperial landscapes: notes on historical geography I A hostile environment: landslides and their effect on settlement patterns in the Gorge II Where were the gates? A French eyewitness to the narrowness of the Gorge III Investigations of ancient canal systems in Central and Eastern Georgia Conclusion Bibliography 20 00 Open Access Oxbow Books 01 Casemate Academic Oxford, UK. 04 01 20250420 13 15 9781789251920 09 Casemate Academic 29 Publisher's website: download the title https://openaccess.casemateacademic.com/10.2307/jj.36075894.pdf 99 01 09 Casemate Academic 02 Publisher's website: web shop https://www.casemateacademic.com/9781789251920/dariali-the-caspian-gates-in-the-caucasus-from-antiquity-to-the-age-of-the-huns-and-the-middle-ages/ 99 01 urn:uuid:dd8e8cf0-6909-478d-b026-354372514852 03 01 01 urn:uuid:dd8e8cf0-6909-478d-b026-354372514852 15 9798888571798 06 10.2307/jj.22361592 00 EB E107 10 Creative Commons License 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ 01 01 Exploring Ancient Sounds and Places Theoretical and Methodological Approaches to Archaeoacoustics 1 B01 21 0000-0003-1043-2336 Margarita Díaz-Andreu 2 B01 21 0000-0001-8800-146X Neemias Santos da Rosa 01 eng 00 312 03 20 Archaeoacoustics 10 SOC002000 10 SOC003000 20 Sound 20 Archaeology 10 ART015050 10 MUS020000 03 00 Exploring Ancient Sounds and Places: Theoretical and Methodological Approaches to Archaeoacoustics brings together scholars from diverse academic fields – including archaeology, anthropology, architecture, classics, history, art history and sound engineering – to shed light on the role of sound and acoustics in the cultural practices of past societies from various chronologies and locations around the world. This innovative volume covers a broad spectrum of topics, such as the genesis of archaeological investigations into sound, the emergence of speech and song in early humans, the cognitive effects of music in ritualistic contexts, the acoustic dimensions of rock art sites, and the emotional responses elicited by sonorous activities experienced in these decorated spaces. Additionally, the book delves into the study of prehistoric musical instruments, the use of ethnohistorical sources in archaeoacoustic research, the analysis of sound imagery in medieval frescoes, and explores historical approaches to the study of specific acoustic parameters and the sonic properties of urban environments. Each chapter not only aggregates a wealth of academic perspectives but also bridges the gap between theoretical concepts and the most advanced methods used in this field of research. Case studies from all over the world illustrate the different ways in which ancient communities perceived and engaged with sound and the acoustics of the landscapes in which they were immersed. Exploring Ancient Sounds and Places is an essential resource for scholars and students interested in archaeoacoustics and how sound has shaped the cognitive, cultural and spiritual facets of human societies across time and space. 04 00 List of contributors 1. Exploring ancient sounds and places: The challenges of hearing intangible heritage in the past Margarita Díaz-Andreu and Neemias Santos da Rosa 2. The role of listening in the prehistorical emergence of speech and song: A precursor to becoming human? Bernd Brabec 3. Archoustemology and the Aurignacian: Ancient ways of knowing through sound Simon Wyatt 4. The sounds are audible: Fabricating ancient instruments – what more can we learn? Neil Rusch 5. Methodologies to explore the cognitive effects of music in rituals: Implications for studying ancient ritual activities Raquel Aparicio-Terrés and Carles Escera 6. Methods for psychoacoustic and emotional evaluation of archaeological soundscapes with auralisation Samantha López-Mochales and Carles Escera 7. Ethnohistorical sources in archaeoacoustics research: A case study from South-Central California Ana-María Alarcón-Jiménez, Raquel Jiménez Pasalodos and Margarita Díaz-Andreu 8. Early rock music: Methodology to identify and analyse portable lithophones. An example from Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve in the San Luis Valley, Colorado, US Marilyn Armagast Martorano 9. Preliminary insights into the archaeoacoustics of cup-marked sounding rocks in the north area of the Gredos mountain chain, Spain Raquel Jiménez Pasalodos, Martín Almagro-Gorbea and Jesús Caballero Arribas 10. The rock art soundscapes of the Karakol valley (Republic of Altai, Russia): An archaeoacoustic study of a unique landscape Margarita Díaz-Andreu, Raquel Jiménez Pasalodos, Neemias Santos da Rosa, Daniel Benítez-Aragón and Lidia Alvarez-Morales 11. Sound imagery in medieval Serbian frescoes Zorana Đorđević 12. Acoustic space then and now: Listening to history Tess Knighton 13. Estimation of speech intelligibility in the past: Learning from Benjamin Franklin’s experiment Braxton Boren 20 00 Open Access Oxbow Books 01 Casemate Academic Oxford, UK. 04 01 20251115 13 15 9798888571774 09 Casemate Academic 29 Publisher's website: download the title https://openaccess.casemateacademic.com/10.2307/jj.22361592.pdf 99 01 09 Casemate Academic 02 Publisher's website: web shop https://www.oxbowbooks.com/9798888571774/exploring-ancient-sounds-and-places/ 99 01 urn:uuid:abdd689b-0995-4d01-bdfe-adffa89c164c 03 01 01 urn:uuid:abdd689b-0995-4d01-bdfe-adffa89c164c 15 9798888571385 06 10.2307/jj.22361593 00 EB E107 10 Creative Commons License 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ 01 01 Forsaken Relics Practices and Rituals of Appropriating Abandoned Artifacts from Antiquity to Modern Times 1 B01 21 0000-0002-5963-728X Alessandro Buono 2 B01 21 0000-0003-0877-4409 Gianluca Miniaci 3 B01 21 0000-0002-5245-9054 Anna Anguissola 01 eng 00 240 03 20 ritualistic appropriation 10 SOC003000 20 abandoned assets 10 HIS002020 20 abandoned artifacts 10 HIS039000 10 HIS002000 03 00 Forsaken Relics is the result of an interdisciplinary dialogue between history, archaeology, and ethnography on the topic of the appropriation of disputed goods and places. Scholars with diverse backgrounds convened to address this common challenge: how different societies in time and space managed to claim and re-appropriate alleged ‘abandoned’ or ‘ownerless’ goods or things ‘in ruin’.The volume includes a diverse range of case studies – from Neolithic sites in Eastern Europe to ancient Egypt and the Mediterranean, encompassing early modern and present-day Europe – reflecting on the ways in which actions can be used to legitimise appropriation, with a particular focus on ritual actions and practices.The objective of this book is to stimulate comparative analysis of this topic in both ancient and modern societies, by identifying the actors of appropriation, examining the definition of abandonment, and exploring the ritual aspects intrinsic in actions such as inventorying, dedication and communication to ancestors, and prayers to gods. Ritual actions, in the last instance, were designed to legitimise the reappropriation and resignification of places and goods classified as abandoned or in a state of ruin, and to recreate locality, kinship, and communities. 04 00 Contributors Preface Appropriating places 1. The biographies of Neolithic burnt houses: Insights from the Trypillia megasites of Ukraine Bisserka Gaydarska, Brian Buchanan, and John Chapman 2. Roman euocatio, or how to get possession of a deserted city Chiara Ombretta Tommasi 3. Reclaiming the funerary space: The protection and re-use of tombs in the burial grounds of Hierapolis in Phrygia Anna Anguissola Redefining abandonment 4. Relic(t) ecologies. Exploring abandonment in the Apuan Alps F. Anichini, S. Basile, G. Gattiglia, and C. Sciuto 5. Depopulating landscapes: Methodology and the materiality of archives in Calabria Joseph J. Viscomi 6. Rehabi(li)tating abandonment. Urban occupations and their regenerative practices Antonio Stopani Claiming things 7. After death: Rituality used to legitimise the appropriation of abandoned goods in ancient Egypt Gianluca Miniaci 8. How to preserve an oikos? The case of Isaeus’s Oration VIII Angelica Tortorella 9. How to claim things with rites. Care for the dead and inheritance rights in early modern Europe (and beyond) Alessandro Buono Afterword 10. Biographies of place and the significance of place-value John Chapman and Bisserka Gaydarska 20 00 Open Access Oxbow Books 01 Casemate Academic Oxford, UK. 04 01 20251031 13 15 9798888571149 09 Casemate Academic 29 Publisher's website: download the title https://openaccess.casemateacademic.com/10.2307/jj.22361593.pdf 99 01 09 Casemate Academic 02 Publisher's website: web shop https://www.oxbowbooks.com/9798888571149/forsaken-relics/ 99 01 urn:uuid:11d89b6c-838a-4e90-bd53-216e4ff81231 03 01 01 urn:uuid:11d89b6c-838a-4e90-bd53-216e4ff81231 15 9798888572283 06 10.2307/j.ctv138wsfh 00 EB E107 10 Creative Commons License 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ 01 01 Gilded Flesh Coffins and Afterlife in Ancient Egypt 1 A01 21 0000-0002-8253-1707 Rogério Sousa 01 eng 00 208 03 20 Ancient Egypt & Egyptology 93 NK 10 SOC003000 10 HIS002030 93 NHC 93 NHG 03 00 Egyptian coffins stand out in museums’ collections for their lively and radiant appearance. As an involucre of the mummy, coffins played a key-role by protecting the body and at the same time, integrating the deceased in the afterlife. The paramount importance of these objects and their purpose is detected in the ways they changed through time. For more than three thousand years, coffins and tombs had been designed to assure in the most efficient way possible a successful outcome for the difficult transition to the afterlife.This book examines twelve non-royal tombs found relatively intact, from the plains of Saqqara to the sacred hills of Thebes. These almost undisturbed burial sites managed to escape ancient looters and became adventurous events of the Egyptian archaeology. These discoveries are described from the Mariette’s exploration of the Mastaba of Ti in Saqqara to Schiaparelli’s discovery of the Tomb of Kha and Merit in Deir el-Medina.Each one of these sites unveil before our eyes a time capsule, where coffins and tombs were designed together as part of a social, political, and religious order. From the Pre-dynastic times to the decline of the New Kingdom, this book explores each site revealing the interconnection between mummification practices, coffin decoration, burial equipment, tomb decoration and ritual landscapes. Through this analysis, the author aims to point out how the design of coffins changed through time in order to empower the deceased with different visions of immortality. By doing so, the study of coffins reveal a silent revolution which managed to open to the common men and women horizons of divinity previously reserved to the royal sphere. Coffins thus show us how identity was forged to create an immortal and divine self. 04 00 List of figures Preface 1. A dwelling by the Nile: The Predynastic grave of “Gebelein Man A” 2. On the path to Sokar: Solar splendours in the Mastaba of Ti 3. Facing the sun: The shaft tomb of Senebtisi 4. Flying back home: The grave of the “Gurnah Queen” 5. A house on the edge of the world: The Tomb of Kha and Merit (TT 8) 6. The Garden of Heaven: The family tomb of Sennedjem (TT 1) 7. The healing light: The burial assemblage of the priestess Tabasety 8. The divine brotherhood: The Tomb of the Priests of Amun 9. Conclusion Bibliography 20 00 Open Access Oxbow Books 01 Casemate Academic Oxford, UK. 04 01 20191031 13 15 9781789252620 09 Casemate Academic 29 Publisher's website: download the title https://openaccess.casemateacademic.com/10.2307/j.ctv138wsfh.pdf 99 01 09 Casemate Academic 02 Publisher's website: web shop https://www.oxbowbooks.com/9781789252620/gilded-flesh/ 99 01 urn:uuid:7f9e1a03-2949-49cc-8231-cd454065b6df 03 01 01 urn:uuid:7f9e1a03-2949-49cc-8231-cd454065b6df 15 9798888571361 06 10.2307/jj.36075895 00 EB E107 10 Creative Commons License 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ 01 01 Landscapes of (Re)Conquest Frontier Dynamics in Medieval Iberia and Occitania 1 B01 21 0000-0002-4494-7664 Aleksander Pluskowski 2 B01 21 0000-0002-0655-7067 Guillermo García-Contreras 3 B01 21 0000-0001-8000-3639 Michelle Alexander 01 eng 00 352 03 20 Medieval frontiers 10 REL116000 20 Polities 10 SOC003000 20 Borderlands 10 HIS010000 03 00 Frontiers were an integral feature of every medieval polity, and their spaces were defined by opposing spheres of influence, contact and connectivity. As these polities expanded and contracted, often as a result of military conquest and territorial annexation, their permeable edges became defined by transformative cultural landscapes. Here, the encounters between native or resident and incoming populations, from small elite groups through to larger numbers of migrants from diverse social backgrounds, resulted in varying degrees of cultural hybridity. This came to define frontier societies, and left an enduring impact even as borderlands continued to move. They also saw the reconfiguration of political, economic and religious landscapes as frontier authorities invested in both old and new centers, with varying degrees of continuity. Today, the remains of their fortified residences represent the most striking monuments associated with former frontiers. They remain at the center of public narratives regarding state formation and cultural conflict.Adopting the definition of frontiers as both the spaces at the edges of polities and the composite societies resulting from their territorial expansion, this book presents a multi-disciplinary study of their dynamics. Focusing on the western Mediterranean, it draws on case studies of cultural landscapes shaped by two contrasting periods of conquest, regime change and state formation: the Castilian and Aragonese conquests of al-Andalus (Islamic Iberia) and the French annexation of Occitania following the Albigensian Crusade. Integrating perspectives from settlement and landscape archaeology, geoarchaeology, zooarchaeology, archaeobotany, archaeometallurgy and isotopic analyses, this book provides a new framework for the study of the transformative spaces of medieval frontier societies. 04 00 List of contributors Acknowledgements PART 1: INTRODUCTION 1. Frontier societies in the medieval western Mediterranean: Historical framework and concepts Guillermo García-Contreras, Michelle Alexander and Aleksander Pluskowski 2. Studying frontier societies: Theory, scales, methods and chronology Aleksander Pluskowski, Guillermo García-Contreras, Michelle Alexander PART 2: IBERIA 3. Sites in Iberia: The historical and archaeological data Guillermo García-Contreras, Luca Mattei and Aleksander Pluskowski 4. The cultural landscapes of medieval Iberian frontiers Luca Mattei and Guillermo García-Contreras 5. Land use in medieval Iberian frontier societies Rowena Banerjea, Luca Mattei, Alex Brown, Lionello Morandi and Phillip Toms 6. Towards a narrative change? New archaeobotanical research on the ‘Green Revolution’ at the heartlands and frontiers of Al-Andalus Jérôme Ros, Nicolás Losilla, Thierry Pastor and Camille Hervy 7. The zooarchaeology of frontiers in late medieval Iberia Marcos García García 8. Diet and animal husbandry on an Iberian frontier: biomolecular perspectives from Guadalajara Michelle Alexander, Maite I. Garcia-Collado, Samantha Greeves and Marcos García García 9. Metal production after the Christian conquests in Iberia (12th–15th centuries): the lordship of Molina de Aragón (Guadalajara, Spain) Yaiza Hernández–Casas, Mercedes Murillo–Barroso, Jesús Alberto Arenas Esteban and Guillermo García–Contreras Ruiz 10. Mortar composition and technology in Islamic and Christian fortifications: Case studies from Guadalajara and Andalusia Kevin M. J. Hayward 11. The upper frontier (aṯ‐ṯaġr al‐a ʿlà) of al-Andalus and the Catalan comital conquest Jesús Brufal, Helena Kirchner and Antoni Virgili PART 3: OCCITANIA 12. Sites in Occitania: The historical and archaeological data Carole Puig, David Maso, Margot Hoffelt, Jean-Michel Carozza and Aleksander Pluskowski 13. The impact of the Albigensian Crusade on the cultural landscapes of the eastern Pyrenean frontier (Pyrénées Audoises) Carole Puig, Margot Hoffelt and Jean-Michel Carozza 14. Beyond borders and politics: the resilience of human-animal interactions after the Albigensian crusade Dianne Unsain, Tatiana André and Audrey Roussel PART 4: SYNTHESIS 15. The impact of shifting frontiers, conquest and cultural transformation in medieval Iberia and Occitania Aleksander Pluskowski, Michelle Alexander, Guillermo García-Contreras 20 00 Open Access Oxbow Books 01 Casemate Academic Oxford, UK. 04 01 20260131 13 15 9798888570692 09 Casemate Academic 02 Publisher's website: web shop https://www.oxbowbooks.com/9798888570692/landscapes-of-reconquest/ 99 01 09 Casemate Academic 29 Publisher's website: download the title https://openaccess.oxbowbooks.com/10.2307/jj.36075895.pdf 99 01 urn:uuid:899aaa11-48a4-469a-83bd-a09eef2b4951 03 01 01 urn:uuid:899aaa11-48a4-469a-83bd-a09eef2b4951 15 9798888571705 06 10.2307/jj.37089676 00 EB E107 10 Creative Commons License 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ 01 01 Strøby Toftegård Halls, Hierarchies and Social Dynamics in Late Iron Age and Viking Age Denmark 2 B01 21 0000-0002-8845-5143 Anna Severine Beck 3 B01 Maja Kildetoft Schultz 4 B01 21 0000-0002-0341-6410 Jens Ulriksen 01 eng 00 480 03 12 HD 10 SOC003000 12 HDD 10 HIS037010 10 1.0.0.0.0.0.0 12 HDDM 12 HBLC1 03 00 Examines the archaeological evidence of a magnate settlement in late Iron Age and Viking Age Denmark, highlighting its social hierarchies and political networks.Strøby Toftegård: Halls, Hierarchies and Social Dynamics in Late Iron Age and Viking Age Denmark presents and considers the archaeological material from the site of Strøby Toftegård in the eastern part of Zealand, Denmark, where comprehensive excavations took place between 1994 and 2013. The book seeks to qualify the interpretation of Farm 1 as the residence of a magnate from c. AD 650 to c. AD 1000 and of the whole settlement consisting of at least nine farm units as a magnate settlement. This is done by means of a detailed survey and analysis of buildings and features, structures, various groups of objects, and a discussion of the landscape, the social context and the creation of social hierarchies that the site fitted into while it was in use.Detailed analyses of pits, wells, a latrine, bone material, macrofossils, pollen, the sherds of glass vessels, sherds of windowpanes, beads, jewelry, tools and pottery all substantiate that Farm 1 was something extraordinary. Its inhabitants appear to have had better access to resources, been in charge of certain activities, had access to knowledge that was not available to everyone and, finally, to have been part of larger social and political networks. It is likewise argued that the rest of the settlement was home to the magnate’s retinue in the form of, inter alia, mounted warriors. Strøby Toftegård’s placement within the hierarchy of power in relation to the other known magnate localities is also discussed. The argument here is that there were close connections between Strøby Toftegård and the royal seat in Lejre, although the material simultaneously indicates that Strøby Toftegård was not quite on the same political level as Lejre.The interpretation of Strøby Toftegård is considered in relation to the surrounding landscape, place names and other archaeological evidence from excavations and metal-detector surveys. The last chapter is a concluding discussion of those elements within the archaeological material that justify interpreting the settlement at Strøby Toftegård as a magnate settlement, what such an interpretation entails and what questions it raises for future treatment of the archaeological material. 04 00 Preface Anna Severine Beck, Maja Kildetoft Schultz & Jens Ulriksen 1. Introduction to Strøby Toftegård – History, methods and overview Anna Severine Beck, Maja Kildetoft Schultz & Svend Åge Tornbjerg 2. The settlement at Strøby Toftegård. Structure, dating and development Anna Severine Beck and Maja Kildetoft Schultz 3. Living in, with and around the longhouses at Strøby Toftegård. A biographical approach to longhouses in the Late Iron and Viking Age Anna Severine Beck 4. Pits, wells and the culture layer at Strøby Toftegård Maja Kildetoft Schultz 5. Analysis of macrofossils and pollen from Strøby Toftegård Peter Steen Henriksen & Morten Fischer Mortensen 6. The animal bones from Strøby Toftegård – feasting and everyday life. Anne Birgitte Gotfredsen 7. Metal finds from Strøby Toftegård – networks, cult and everyday life Maria Panum Baastrup 8. Minor finds and everyday items from Strøby Toftegård Maja Kildetoft Schultz 9. The Arabic coins from Strøby Toftegård Birgitta Hårdh 10. Glass beads and semiprecious stones from Strøby Toftegård Torben Sode 11. Glass vessels from Strøby Toftegård Torben Sode 12. Window glass from Strøby Toftegård Torben Sode 13. Analysis on glass sherds, glass beads and glass slag from Strøby Toftegård Bernard Gratuze 14. Landscape and localities in Stevns during the Late Iron Maja Kildetoft Schultz 15. Place names of settlements and fields around Strøby Toftegård Sofie Laurine Albris 16. Ideology and organisation in the landscape of Stevns in the first millennium – in light of a comparative discussion of place names and archaeology Sofie Laurine Albris 17. Managing time. Expressing social memory in settlements from the Iron Age and Viking Age Anna Severine Beck 18. Strøby Toftegård – a magnate settlement. Discussion and conclusion Anna Severine Beck, Maja Kildetoft Schultz & Jens Ulriksen List of authors 20 00 Open Access Oxbow Books 01 Casemate Academic Oxford 04 01 20251215 09 Casemate Academic 02 Publisher's website: web shop https://www.oxbowbooks.com/9798888571491/stroby-toftegard/ 99 01 09 Casemate Academic 29 Publisher's website: download the title https://openaccess.oxbowbooks.com/10.2307/jj.37089676.pdf 99 01 urn:uuid:ad89c218-c60e-44f8-bcfd-8300f2235793 03 01 01 urn:uuid:ad89c218-c60e-44f8-bcfd-8300f2235793 15 9798888570685 06 10.2307/jj.18255589 00 EB E107 10 Creative Commons License 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ 01 01 Tutankhamun and Carter Assessing the Impact of a Major Archaeological Find 1 B01 21 0000-0002-8253-1707 Rogério Sousa 2 B01 Gabriele Pieke Gabriele Pieke 3 B01 21 0000-0001-9923-7224 Tine Bagh 01 eng 00 200 03 93 NK 10 SOC003000 10 HIS002030 93 NHC 93 NHG 10 SOC022000 10 3.1.3.0.0.0.0 93 JBCC1 03 00 One hundred years after its discovery, this book revisits Tutankhamun’s tomb with a view to reassess the circumstances in which it was excavated by Carter and to estimate how it has impacted both scientific and popular representations of Egypt at large. In short, this book examines the find of Tutankhamun as a multidimension cultural phenomenon involving aspects concerning the historical circumstances of the find, how it was studied over the years, how it impacted our knowledge on Tutankhamun’s reign and our own perception of Egyptian civilization. The studies are presented along four sections, addressing different, yet complementary aspects of Tutankhamun’s 'phenomenon'.The first section addresses the historical circumstances of the find with updated research resulting from the critical examination of different types of archival sources. These studies contradict long standing biased views on this process and systematize the archaeological and conservation paradigms involved in the discovery. Section 2 revolves around categories of objects that have been almost completely overlooked by Egyptological studies, providing a fresh input and new insights not only on the material culture of Ancient Egypt, but also on the circumstances of the find itself. Section 3 examines the impact of Tutankhamun’s tomb on media, literature, and design and how it shaped contemporary representations of Egypt, as well as the phenomenon of 'Tut-mania' in popular culture.The fourth section addresses the reign of Tutankhamun itself. Different types of documentary sources univocally suggest the importance of this reign in shaping the cultural landscape of Egypt throughout the Ramesside period which clearly challenges the longstanding view of this reign as a minor and insignificant episode of Egyptian history. These studies show the many lacunae that still prevent us from understanding the historical processes involved before and after Tutankhamun’s reign. 04 00 List of contributors Foreword Preface: Tutankhamun's never-ending story can continue Daniela Pichi 1. Archives and Artefacts: Studying Objects from Tutankhamun’s Tomb André J. Veldmeijer and Salima Ikram 2. The Laboratory in the Tomb Next Door: Alfred Lucas and the Science of Conserving Tutankhamun’s Treasures Jenny Cashman 3. The Furniture that Shapes our World: A Re-examination of Tutankhamun’s Beds, Chairs, and Thrones Manon Y. Shutz 4. Tutorial ‘How to Change your Predecessors’ (?) Names into Tutankhamun’ Katja Broschat 5. Searching for Light: On the Rise of Yellow Coffins Rogério Sousa 6. ʺAbsolutely New in Type‶: The Anthropomorphized Signs on the Monuments of King Tutankhamun Ghada Mohamed 7. “Tut-mania” Through the Iconography of Egyptomaniac Exlibris Valentin Boyer 8. Hearts of Glass: The styles and sources of the Neiger Brothers’ Egyptian Revival jewellery and the identification of two Neiger Tutankhamun pendants Jasmine Day 9. Tutankhamun the Pop-Idol: The Tut-mania Phenomenon and Its Influence on the Wider Public Valentina Santini 20 00 Open Access Oxbow Books 01 Casemate Academic Oxford, UK. 04 01 20240815 13 15 9798888570678 09 Casemate Academic 02 Publisher's website: web shop https://www.oxbowbooks.com/9798888570678/tutankhamun-and-carter/ 99 01 09 Casemate Academic 29 Publisher's website: download the title https://openaccess.casemateacademic.com/10.2307/jj.18255589.pdf 99 01 urn:uuid:2d06d674-c212-4bba-9d9c-9077bac3a0fb 03 01 01 urn:uuid:2d06d674-c212-4bba-9d9c-9077bac3a0fb 15 9781789250954 06 10.2307/j.ctv2mm1xnh 00 EB E107 10 Creative Commons License 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ 01 01 Understanding Relations Between Scripts II Early Alphabets 1 B01 21 0000-0003-3109-265X Philippa M. Steele 2 B01 21 0000-0002-3453-7987 Philip J. Boyes 01 eng 00 272 03 20 Ancient writing systems 93 DS 10 LAN001000 10 LAN009010 20 Levant 93 NHC 10 LAN009050 20 Mediterranean 03 00 Contexts of and Relations between Early Writing Systems (CREWS) is a project funded by the European Research Council under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement No. 677758), and based in the Faculty of Classics, University of Cambridge.Understanding Relations Between Scripts II: Early Alphabets is the first volume in this series, bringing together ten experts on ancient writing, languages and archaeology to present a set of diverse studies on the early development of alphabetic writing systems and their spread across the Levant and Mediterranean during the second and first millennia BC. By taking an interdisciplinary perspective, it sheds new light on alphabetic writing not just as a tool for recording language but also as an element of culture. 04 00 Acknowledgements Abbreviations 1. Introduction: Issues in studying early alphabets Philip J. Boyes and Philippa M. Steele 2. A ʽtop-downʼ re-invention of an old form: Cuneiform alphabets in context Silvia Ferrara 3. Variation in alphabetic cuneiform: Rethinking the ‘Phoenician’ inscription from Sarepta Philip J. Boyes 4. Ancient Egypt and the earliest known stages of alphabetic writing Ben Haring 5. Much ado about an implement! – the Phoenicianising of Early Alphabetic Reinhard G. Lehmann 6. Vowel representation in the Archaic Greek and Old Aramaic scripts: A comparative orthographic and phonological examination Roger D. Woodard 7. Mother or sister? Rethinking the origins of the Greek alphabet and its relation to the other ‘western’ alphabets Willemijn Waal 8. The development of Greek alphabets: Fluctuations and standardisations Philippa M. Steele 9. Between scripts and languages: Inscribed intricacies from geometric and archaic Greek contexts Giorgos Bourogiannis 10. The matter of voice – the Umbrian perspective Karin W. Tikkanen 11. Writings in network? The case of Palaeohispanic scripts Coline Ruiz Darasse Bibliography 20 00 Open Access Oxbow Books 01 Casemate Academic Oxford, UK. 04 01 20191010 13 15 9781789250923 09 Casemate Academic 29 Publisher's website: download the title https://openaccess.casemateacademic.com/10.2307/j.ctv2mm1xnh.pdf 99 01 09 Casemate Academic 02 Publisher's website: web shop https://www.casemateacademic.com/9781789250923/understanding-relations-between-scripts-ii/ 99 01