Thoth distribution@thoth.pub 20260403T145325

urn:uuid:4e6fa5b9-86f4-4148-b369-db463ca0e151 03 01 01 thoth-work-id urn:uuid:7fc74c5c-b2f6-4801-9a7b-e9268e368328 01 thoth-publication-id urn:uuid:4e6fa5b9-86f4-4148-b369-db463ca0e151 06 10.11647/obp.0403.08 00 EB E107 10 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ 01 01 8. An Inquiry into Musical Trance 1 A01 21 0000000157680818 Dilara Turan Dilara Turan Research Assistant in the Department of Music Istanbul Bilgi University Dilara Turan is a Research Assistant in the Department of Music, Istanbul Bilgi University, Turkey, where she also received her doctorate. Her current research focuses on the spirituality of music and the cultural study of avant-garde music practices. 01 eng 00 34 03 01 06 03 00 Establishing a comprehensive framework for investigating the profound connection between music and spiritual experiences, this chapter first introduces the Metaphysics of Quality by Robert Pirsig. This philosophical approach offers specific ontological positions on spirituality and empiricism, laying the groundwork for the exploration of music and trance phenomena, often considered outside of empirical studies. Drawing upon the Metaphysics of Quality, the study then adopts a multidisciplinary approach to unravel the intricate dynamics of musical trance. It addresses the prevailing dichotomy in existing literature, which often isolates either the socio-cultural significance or the psychoacoustic mechanisms of music in trance states. In order to bridge this gap, the inquiry simultaneously delves into music's role as a culture-specific sign and a sonic inducer within spiritual contexts. Through cognitive and psychological lenses, the study explores theories of altered states of consciousness (ASC), examines ethnographic examples of musical trance practices from nine distinct geographical regions, and provides comparative analysis of field recordings to gain insights into the psychoacoustic properties accompanying trance states. While direct causality between sound and trance induction remains elusive, the study identifies common sonic patterns hinting at a complementary function of music in ASC. Various units of statistical regularities in music emerge as significant elements linking sound to perceptual and socio-cultural contexts of trance rituals. Through integration within a non-dualist eco-social model of sonic signification, the chapter provides a nuanced understanding of music's multifaceted role in facilitating spiritual experiences across diverse cultural landscapes. 30 00 Establishing a comprehensive framework for investigating the profound connection between music and spiritual experiences, this chapter first introduces the Metaphysics of Quality by Robert Pirsig. This philosophical approach offers specific ontological positions on spirituality and empiricism, laying the groundwork for the exploration of music and trance phenomena, often considered outside of empirical studies. Drawing upon the Metaphysics of Quality, the study then adopts a multidisciplinary approach to unravel the intricate dynamics of musical trance. It addresses the prevailing dichotomy in existing literature, which often isolates either the socio-cultural significance or the psychoacoustic mechanisms of music in trance states. In order to bridge this gap, the inquiry simultaneously delves into music's role as a culture-specific sign and a sonic inducer within spiritual contexts. Through cognitive and psychological lenses, the study explores theories of altered states of consciousness (ASC), examines ethnographic examples of musical trance practices from nine distinct geographical regions, and provides comparative analysis of field recordings to gain insights into the psychoacoustic properties accompanying trance states. While direct causality between sound and trance induction remains elusive, the study identifies common sonic patterns hinting at a complementary function of music in ASC. Various units of statistical regularities in music emerge as significant elements linking sound to perceptual and socio-cultural contexts of trance rituals. Through integration within a non-dualist eco-social model of sonic signification, the chapter provides a nuanced understanding of music's multifaceted role in facilitating spiritual experiences across diverse cultural landscapes. 20 00 Open Access 01 URL https://www.openbookpublishers.com/ Open Book Publishers 01 Open Book Publishers 01 Publisher's website: home page https://www.openbookpublishers.com/ 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this title https://www.openbookpublishers.com/books/10.11647/obp.0403/chapters/10.11647/obp.0403.08 Cambridge, UK 04 01 20240628 Dilara Turan 02 WORLD 34 01 Unstructured citation D. Bernez [Performer], ‘Na Go De’ [Liner notes and recordings by Scott Kiehl]. On Akom: Art of Possession, Track Number 19 [CD] (Village Pulse VPU-1009, 2000). 34 01 Unstructured citation 1 34 01 Unstructured citation 2 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘An Evening with the Flute Ensemble’ [Liner notes and recordings by Artur Simon]. On Berta—Waza, Bal Naggaro, Abangaran—Die Musik Der Berta Am Blauen Nil—Music of the Berta from the Blue Nile, Track Number 15 [CD], Museum Collection Berlin (WERGO—SM 17082, 2003). 34 01 Unstructured citation 3 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Bartha, the Winner’ [Liner notes and recordings by Artur Simon]. On Berta—Waza, Bal Naggaro, Abangaran—Die Musik Der Berta Am Blauen Nil—Music of the Berta from the Blue Nile, Track Number 14 [CD], Museum Collection Berlin (WERGO —SM 17082, 2003). 34 01 Unstructured citation 4 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘The Bata Repertoire for Shango in Sakété: Oba Koso’ [Liner notes and recordings by Carol Hardy, compilation by Marcos Branda-Lacerda]. On The World’s Musical Traditions, Vol. 8: Yoruba Drums from Benin, West Africa, Track Number 7 [CD] (Smithsonian Folkways Recordings 40440, 1996). 34 01 Unstructured citation 5 34 01 Unstructured citation Matsuhira Yuji [Screen name], ‘Bira Dance at Great Zimbabwe’, YouTube, 20 January 2013 [online video recording], https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pbs80p4-nGM 34 01 Unstructured citation 6 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘La Cérémonie Du Bobé’ [Produced by Caroline Bourgine]. On Congo: Cérémonie du Bobé, Track Number 2 [CD] (Ocora W 560010, 1991). 34 01 Unstructured citation 7 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Le Bobé S’est Rapproché’ [Produced by Caroline Bourgine]. On Congo: Cérémonie du Bobé, Track Number 3 [CD] (Ocora W 560010, 1991). 34 01 Unstructured citation 8 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Musique de Divination Diye’ [Liner notes and recordings by Simha Arom]. On Anthologie de la musique des Pygmées Aka = Musical anthology of the Aka Pygmies, Disc 2, Track Number 9 [CD] (Ocora C 560171/72, 2002). 34 01 Unstructured citation 9 34 01 Unstructured citation Foundation for Hausa Performing Arts, ‘Dodorido Koroso Dance Drama Segment 2 Bori Adept’, 8 January 2012 [online video recording], https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hpjrw_VRW1Y 34 01 Unstructured citation 10 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Music for the Buma Dance’ [Liner notes and recordings by Simha Arom & Patrick Renaud]. On Cameroon: Baka Pygmy Music, Disc 1, Track Number 1, 10 [CD] (Smithsonian Folkways Recordings/UNESCO, 1977). 34 01 Unstructured citation 11 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Le Jeune Eland (Nang Tzema Tzi)’ [Liner notes by Emmanuelle Olivier]. On Namibia: Songs of the Ju’hoansi Bushmen, Track Number 18 [CD] (Ocora C 560117, 1997). 34 01 Unstructured citation 12 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Oryx (Go’e Tzi)’ (1997) [Liner notes by Emmanuelle Olivier]. On Namibia: Songs of the Ju’hoansi Bushmen, Track Number 19 [CD] (Ocora 560117, 1997). 34 01 Unstructured citation 13 34 01 Unstructured citation Mtendeni Maulid Ensemble, ‘Dahala 3: Marihaba / Hua Maulana / Salat / Jalla Jalaluh / Khamsa Arkan / Man A’ala / Leo Mambo’ [Liner notes by Aïsha Schmitt]. On Zanzibara, Vol. 6—A Sufi Performance from Zanzibar, Track Number 3 [CD] (Buda Musique 860219, 2012). 34 01 Unstructured citation 14 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Hadra Song: “Al hamdou lillahAlgeria”’ [Liner notes and recordings by Pierre Augier]. On Algeria: Sahara - Music of Gourara Disc 1, Track Number 3 [CD] (Smithsonian Folkways Recordings/UNESCO, 1975). 34 01 Unstructured citation 15 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Jinele: chant de divination’ [Liner notes by Jean L. Jenkins, Ralph Harrisson and Ragnar Johnson]. On Ethiopie: musiques vocales et instrumentales, Disc 2, Track Number 10 [CD] (Ocora C 580055/56, 1994). 34 01 Unstructured citation 16 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Būderbāla / Būḥāla’. On The Music Of Islām—Volume Six: Al-Maghrib, Gnāwa Music, Marrakesh, Morocco, Track Number 4 [CD] (Celestial Harmonies 13146-2, 1997). 34 01 Unstructured citation 17 34 01 Unstructured citation Matsuhira Yuji [Screen name], ‘The Mbira Ceremony’, YouTube, 18 May 2012 [online video recording], https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OXBQbn6wZeQ 34 01 Unstructured citation 18 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Molimo Song of Devotion to the Forest’ [Liner notes and recordings by Colin Turnbull and Francis S. Chapman]. On Mbuti Pygmies of the Ituri Rainforest, Track Number 26 [CD] (Smithsonian Folkways Recordings 40401, 1997). 34 01 Unstructured citation 19 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Molimo Song: Darkness Is Good’ [Liner notes and recordings by Colin Turnbull and Francis S. Chapman]. On Mbuti Pygmies of the Ituri Rainforest, Track Number 25 [CD] (Smithsonian Folkways Recordings 40401, 1997). 34 01 Unstructured citation 20 34 01 Unstructured citation Gnawalux Brussels [Screen name], ‘Stambali 1—Gnawa Tunisie’, YouTube, 27 August 2008 [online video recording], https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wK-UasuUtdo 34 01 Unstructured citation 21 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Tazenkharet’ [Liner notes and recordings by Finola Holiday & Geoffrey Holiday]. On Tuareg Music of the Southern Sahar, Disc 1, Track Number 13 [CD] (Ethnic Folkways Library FE 4470, 1960). 34 01 Unstructured citation 22 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Timgui’ [Liner notes and recordings by Charles Duvelle]. On Bariba—Bénin, Track Number 5 [CD] (Philips Music Group France 538721-2, 1999). 34 01 Unstructured citation 23 34 01 Unstructured citation Mwizenge Tembo [Screen name], ‘Vimbuza Dance Ritual Ceremony’, YouTube, 20 July 2008 [online video recording], https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6wpsNQp1ci4 34 01 Unstructured citation 24 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Alto Bung’o Horn (Kenya)’ [Compiled by Stephen Innocenzi]. On Africa, Music from the Nonesuch Explorer Series, Track Number 1 [CD] (Nonesuch Records 7559-79793-2, 2002). 34 01 Unstructured citation 25 34 01 Unstructured citation Ivo Biegman. [Screen name], ‘Zar ritual in Egypt’, YouTube, 19 May 2011 [online video recording], https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YNiUc4W5Kzo&list=RDYNiUc4W5Kzo#t=517 34 01 Unstructured citation 26 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Zar Omdurman’ [Liner notes and compilation by Peter Verney]. On Rough Guide to Sudan, Track Number 7 [CD]. (World Music Network—RGNET 1152, 2005). 34 01 Unstructured citation 27 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Danse, Bozok Semahi’ [Liner notes by Jean During and Jerome Cler]. On Turquie: Ceremonie du Djem Alevi (Turkey: Djem Alevi Ceremony), Track Number 12 [CD] (Ocora C 560125, 1998). 34 01 Unstructured citation 28 34 01 Unstructured citation kabultransit [Screen name]. ‘Kabul Transit—Zikr’, YouTube, 7 November 2007 [online video recording], https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_BvSLgJSBBY 34 01 Unstructured citation 29 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Zikr’ [Liner notes by Jean During]. On Kurdistan: Zikr et chants soufis, Disc 2, Track Number 2 [CD] (Ocora C 560071/72, 1994). 34 01 Unstructured citation 30 34 01 Unstructured citation Iraqi Maqam [Screen name], ‘Dhikr Ceremony in Iraq’, YouTube, 1 January 2009 [online video recording], https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yyrK-oAo3DM&list=PL5B186F663D6F3052&index=2 34 01 Unstructured citation 31 34 01 Unstructured citation Iraqi Maqam [Screen name], ‘Qadiri Dhikr—God is Eternal’, YouTube, 8 December 2008 [online video recording], https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lV52djNFcKk&index=1&list=PL5B186F663D6F3052 34 01 Unstructured citation 32 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Zikr/ Du’a / Tekbir’ [Liner notes and recordings by Bernard Mauguin]. On Islamic Ritual from Kosovo, Track Number 2 [CD] (Smithsonian Folkways Recordings/ UNESCO-UNES08055, 1974). 34 01 Unstructured citation 33 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Islamic Ritual Zikr’ [Liner notes by Christian Poché, recordings by Jochen Wenzel]. On Syria: Islamic Ritual Zikr in Aleppo, Track Number 2 [CD] (Smithsonian Folkways Recordings/UNESCO-UNES08013, 1975). 34 01 Unstructured citation 34 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Zikr’ [Liner notes by David Stevens]. On Turquie: Musique Soufi, Track Number 1 [CD] (Ocora C559017, 1987). 34 01 Unstructured citation 35 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Zikr-e Allah et percussions’ [Liner notes by Jean During]. On Kurdistan: Zikr et chants soufis, Disc 2, Track Number 1 [CD] (Ocora C 560071/72, 1994). 34 01 Unstructured citation 36 34 01 Unstructured citation H. Shakkûr & Ensemble Al-Kindî [Performer], ‘Meditation’ [Liner notes by Peter Pannke]. On Sufi Soul (Echos Du Paradis), Disc 1, Track Number 2 [CD]. (Network Medien—26.982, 1997). 34 01 Unstructured citation 37 34 01 Unstructured citation Muhammad Al Ashiq [Performer], ‘Qasida: Saluha Limadha’ [Liner notes by Andre Jouve and Christian Poche]. On Archives De La Musique Arabe Vol. 1, Track Number 2 [CD] (Ocora C 558678, 1987). 34 01 Unstructured citation 38 34 01 Unstructured citation Mobarak & Molabakhsh Nuri [Performer], ‘Qalandari Tune’. On Troubadours of Allah: Sufi Music from the Indus Valley, Disc 1, Track Number 2 [CD] (Wergo SM 16172, 1999). 34 01 Unstructured citation 39 34 01 Unstructured citation Yâr Mohammad [Performer], ‘Qalandari Tune (Khorasani)’ [Liner notes by Peter Pannke]. On Sufi Soul (Echos Du Paradis), Disc 2, Track Number 10 [CD] (Network Medien—26.982, 1997). 34 01 Unstructured citation 40 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Tamburah (Voice of the Lyre)’ [Liner notes and recordings by Dieter Christensen]. On Oman: Traditional Arts of the Sultanate of Oman, Track Number 7 [CD] (Smithsonian Folkways Recordings/UNESCO-UNES08211, 1993). 34 01 Unstructured citation 41 34 01 Unstructured citation O. Y. Traibi [Performer], ‘Zar’ [Liner notes by Christian Poché, recordings by Jochen Wenzel]. On Yemen: Traditional Music of the North, Track Number 3 [CD] (Smithsonian Folkways Recordings/UNESCO-UNES08004, 1978). 34 01 Unstructured citation 42 34 01 Unstructured citation Ozman Khaled [Screen name], ‘ZAAR Ceremony at Qeshm’, YouTube, 18 April 2016 [online video recording], https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gifUSI1RFCQ 34 01 Unstructured citation 43 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Zikr’ [Liner notes and production by Jean During and Ted Levin]. On The Silk Road: A Musical Caravan, Disc 2, Track Number 19 [CD]. (Smithsonian Folkways Recordings SFW40438, 2002). 34 01 Unstructured citation 44 34 01 Unstructured citation Aznash Ensemble [Performer]. Konya Mystic Music Festival [Screen name], ‘Aznash Ensemble’, YouTube, 5 August 2013 [online video recording], https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TiPqB4GNzT0&list=RDtx6dwa4u8Lg&index=11 34 01 Unstructured citation 45 34 01 Unstructured citation Swiatoslaw Wojtkowiak [Screen name], ‘Chechen Female Zikr: Opening’, YouTube, 16 December 2010 [online video recording], https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tx6dwa4u8Lg 34 01 Unstructured citation 46 34 01 Unstructured citation S. Aqmoldaev [Performer], ‘Kertolghau’ [Liner notes and production by Jean During and Ted Levin]. On The Silk Road: A Musical Caravan, Disc 2, Track Number 16 [CD] (Smithsonian Folkways Recordings SFW40438, 2002). 34 01 Unstructured citation 47 34 01 Unstructured citation T. S. Qalebov and S. Tawarov [Performer], ‘Madh’ [Liner notes and production by Jean During and Ted Levin]. On The Silk Road: A Musical Caravan, Disc 2, Track Number 18 [CD] (Smithsonian Folkways Recordings SFW40438, 2002). 34 01 Unstructured citation 48 34 01 Unstructured citation Supergnak [Screen name], ‘Le tour du monde en musique: Kazakhstan—Le kobyz du chaman’, YouTube, 14 January 2010 [online video recording], https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5M6DA5w6aCc 34 01 Unstructured citation 49 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Shod-i Uforash and Ufor-i Tezash: Dilbaram Shumo’ [Liner notes and recordings by Ted Levin]. On Bukhara: Musical Crossroads of Asia, Track Number 1 [CD] (Smithsonian Folkways Recordings SFW40050, 1991). 34 01 Unstructured citation 50 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Cérémonie De Propitiation De Nag-Zhig’ [Liner notes and recording by Ricardo Canzio]. On Tibet: Traditions Rituelles Des Bonpos, Track Number 2 [CD] (Ocora C 580016, 1993). 34 01 Unstructured citation 51 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Shamanic Bear Session’ [Liner notes and recording by Henry Lecomte]. On Siberia, Vol. 1—Shamanic & Narrative Songs of Siberian Arctic, Track Number 12 [CD] (Buda Musique—925642, 1995). 34 01 Unstructured citation 52 34 01 Unstructured citation O. A. Njavan [Performer], ‘Song, Kkas Drum and Jampa Jingle Belt, Imitation of Kamlanie’ [Liner notes and recording by Henry Lecomte]. On Siberia, Vol. 6: Sakhalin—Vocal & Instrumental Music, Nivkh Ujl’ta, Track Number 8 [CD] (Buda Musique—927212, 1998). 34 01 Unstructured citation 53 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Chant Chamanique’ [Liner notes and recording by Henry Lecomte]. On Siberia, Vol. 5—Shamanic & Daily Songs from the Amur Basin, Track Number 8 [CD] (Buda Musique—926712, 1997). 34 01 Unstructured citation 54 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Chant Chamanique’ [Liner notes and recording by Henry Lecomte]. On Siberia, Vol. 5—Shamanic & Daily Songs from the Amur Basin, Track Number 27 [CD] (Buda Musique—926712, 1997). 34 01 Unstructured citation 55 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Pei-tou Liturgy (Great Bear Liturgy)’ [Produced by John Levy]. On Chinese Buddhist Music, Track Number 6 [CD] (Lyrichord—LLST 7222, 2004). 34 01 Unstructured citation 56 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Dai Hannya Tendoku E’ [Liner notes by Toshiro Kido and Pierre Landy]. On Japan: Shomyo Buddhist Ritual—Dai Hannya Ceremony, Track Number 1, 17:00–31:42 [CD] (Smithsonian Folkways Recordings/UNESCO-UNES08036, 1975). 34 01 Unstructured citation 57 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Sinawi’ [Liner notes and recording by Kwon Oh Sung]. On Korea: Folkloric Instrumental Traditions, Vol. 1: Sinawi and Sanjo, Track Number 1 [CD] (JVC Ethnic Sound Series #25, JVC VID- 25020, 1988). 34 01 Unstructured citation 58 34 01 Unstructured citation O-Suwa-Daiko [Performer]. ‘Ama-No-Naru Tatsu-O Dai-Kagura’ [Liner notes by Iyori Takei]. On Japan: O-Suwa-Daiko Drums, Track Number 3 [CD] (Smithsonian Folkways Recordings/UNESCO-UNES08030, 1978). 34 01 Unstructured citation 59 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Rimse’ [Liner notes and recording by Jean-Jacques Nattiez and Kazuyuki Tanimoto]. On Japan: Ainu Songs, Track Number 4 [CD] (Smithsonian Folkways Recordings/UNESCO-UNES08047, 1980). 34 01 Unstructured citation 60 34 01 Unstructured citation M. K. Seo [Author and Recorder], ‘Tangak’. In the CD of the book Hanyang Kut: Korean Shaman Ritual Music from Seoul (Current Research in Ethnomusicology: Outstanding Dissertations), Track, Number 20, pp. 165, 171, and 194 (New York & London: Routledge, 2002). 34 01 Unstructured citation 61 34 01 Unstructured citation B. Salchak [Performer], ‘Kham [Shaman Ritual]’ [Liner notes and recording by Dina Oiun]. On Voices from the Distant Steppe, Track Number 16 [CD] (Real World Records—CDRW41, 1994). 34 01 Unstructured citation 62 34 01 Unstructured citation K. Yokoyama [Performer], ‘Ko-ku (Vacuity)’ [Liner notes by Akira Tamba]. On Japon, Kinshi Turata—Katsuya Yokoyama, Track Number 2 [CD] (Ocora C 558518 1994). 34 01 Unstructured citation 63 34 01 Unstructured citation V. G. Anastasija [Performer], ‘Vocals and Jajar Frame Drum: A Song for the Khololo Celebration’ [Liner notes and recording by Henry Lecomte]. On Siberia, Vol. 4 Kamtchatka: Dance Drums from Siberian Far East, Track Number 15 [CD] (Buda Musique—925982, 1994). 34 01 Unstructured citation 64 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Tus’ [Liner notes and recording by Jean-Jacques Nattiez and Kazuyuki Tanimoto]. On Japan: Ainu Songs, Track Number 10 [CD] (Smithsonian Folkways Recordings/UNESCO-UNES08047, 1980). 34 01 Unstructured citation 65 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Upopo’ [Liner notes and recording by Jean-Jacques Nattiez and Kazuyuki Tanimoto]. On Japan: Ainu Songs, Track Number 2 [CD] (Smithsonian Folkways Recordings/UNESCO-UNES08047, 1980). 34 01 Unstructured citation 66 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Smaon’ [Liner notes by John Schaefer and recording by David Parsons]. On The Music of Cambodia (Royal Court Music), Track Number 19 [CD] (Celestial Harmonies 13075-2, 1993). 34 01 Unstructured citation 67 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Beliatn Sentiyu Suite’ (excerpt) [Liner notes and recording by Philip Yampolsky]. On Music of Indonesia, Vol. 17: Kalimantan: Dayak Ritual and Festival Music, Track Number 14 [CD] (Smithsonian Folkways Recordings SFW40444, 1998). 34 01 Unstructured citation 68 34 01 Unstructured citation P. Pargi Mina [Performer] (1984), ‘Devi Ambav ro dhak’ [Recording by David Roche]. On The Garland Encyclopedia of World Music, Vol. 5: South Asia: The Indian Subcontinent Audio, Track Number 13 [CD] (Garland Publishing, 2000). 34 01 Unstructured citation 69 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Buddhist Ritual Music and Chant in Honor of A-phyi’ (1976). [Recording by Mireille Helffer]. On The Garland Encyclopedia of World Music, Vol. 5: South Asia: The Indian Subcontinent Audio, Track Number 24 [CD] (Garland Publishing, 2000). 34 01 Unstructured citation 70 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Ritual Chanting (Ngāyung) of Mediums (to Rid the Settlement of Malign Forest Spirits) [Produced by Harold C. Conklin]. On Hanunóo Music from the Philippines, Side 1, Band 11 [LP] (Ethnic Folkways Library ‎FE 4466, 1956). 34 01 Unstructured citation 71 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Châu Văn’ [Liner notes by Trần Văn Khê]. On Viêtnam Musique de Huê: Chants de Huê et Musique de Cour, Track Number 18 [CD] (Inedit—W 260073, 2005). 34 01 Unstructured citation 72 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Dabuih’ [Produced by Margaret J. Kartomi]. On The Music of Islam, Vol. 15: Muslim Music Of Indonesia, Aceh And West Sumatra, Disc 1, Track Number 16 [CD] (Celestial Harmonies 14232, 1998). 34 01 Unstructured citation 73 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Dzikir Samman: Allahu Allah’ [Produced by Philip Yampolsky]. On Music of Indonesia, Vol. 19: Music of Maluku: Halmahera, Buru, Kei, Track Number 17 [CD] (Smithsonian Folkways Recordings SFW40446, 1999). 34 01 Unstructured citation 74 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Gamelan Salunding, Tenganan—Gending Sekar Gadung’ [Liner notes and recording by David Lewiston]. On Bali: Gamelan & Kecak, Track Number 5 [CD] (Elektra Nonesuch—9 79204-2, 1989). 34 01 Unstructured citation 75 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Musique des anciennes cérémonies religieuses avec une guru sibaso: Begu deleng/ Odak-odak/ Pertang-tang sabe/ Peseluken’ [Liner notes by Artur Simon]. On Sumatra: Musiques Des Batak Karo, Toba, Simalungun, Track Number 2 [CD] (Inedit—W 260061, 1995). 34 01 Unstructured citation 76 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Gondang “Pangelek-elek Ni Jujungan Ro”’ [Liner notes by Artur Simon]. On Sumatra: Musiques Des Batak Karo, Toba, Simalungun, Track Number 5 [CD] (Inedit—W 260061, 1995). 34 01 Unstructured citation 77 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Kecak From Blakiuh Near Mengwi’ [Liner notes by Wolfgang Hamm and Rika Reissler]. On Bali: A Suite of Tropical Music and Sound, Track Number 9 [CD] (World Network 35, 1995). 34 01 Unstructured citation 78 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Sekaha Ganda Sari, Bona—Kecak’ [Liner notes and recording by David Lewiston]. On Bali: Gamelan & Kecak, Track Number 8 [CD] (Elektra Nonesuch—9 79204-2, 1989). 34 01 Unstructured citation 79 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Kuda Kepang’. On The Ethnic Sampler 4, Track Number 25 [CD] (APM Music, Sonoton—SAS 107, 1995). 34 01 Unstructured citation 80 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Phléng khlom’ [Liner notes and recording by Jacques Brunet]. On Cambodia: Folk and Ceremonial Music, Track Number 12 [CD] (Smithsonian Folkways Recordings/ UNESCO-UNES08068, 1996). 34 01 Unstructured citation 81 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Pheng Phi Fa’ [Liner notes and recording by Jacques Brunet]. On Laos—Traditional Music Of The South, Track Number 1 [CD] (UNESCO—D 8042, 1992). 34 01 Unstructured citation 82 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Nanduni Pattu—Song to Bhadrakali’ [Liner notes and recordings by Rolf Killius]. On Ritual Music of Kerala, Track Number 5 [CD] (Archives and Research Centre for Ethnomusicology—ARCE00028, 2008). 34 01 Unstructured citation 83 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Burmese “Pwe”’ [Liner notes and recording by the collection of La Meri]. On Exotic Dances, Track Number 4 [LP] (Folkways Records FP 52, 1950). 34 01 Unstructured citation 84 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘A Healing Ceremony at Kg’ [Liner notes and compilation by Marina Roseman]. On Dream Songs and Healing Sounds in the Rainforests of Malaysia, Track Number 10 [CD] (Smithsonian Folkways Recordings SFW40417, 1995). 34 01 Unstructured citation 85 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Piphat Mon: Spirit Dance’ [Liner notes by Andrew Shahriari]. On Silk, Spirits and Song—Music from North Thailand, Track Number 12 [CD] (Lyrichord—LYRCD 7451, 2006). 34 01 Unstructured citation 86 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Perdjuritan (Soldiers Dance)’ [Edited by Henry Cowell]. On Music of Indonesia, Track Number 7 [CD] (Folkways Records FE 4537, 1961). 34 01 Unstructured citation 87 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Invocation to the Goddess Yeshiki Mamo (Tantric Puja) Part II’ [Recording by Manfred Junius and P. C. Misra]. On The Lamas of The Nyingmapa Monastery of Dehra Dun—Tibetan Ritual, Track Number 2 [CD]. (UNESCO Collection of Traditional Music of the World Series, Auvidis ‎– D 8034, 1991). 34 01 Unstructured citation 88 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Salai Jin, Pt. 2’ [Produced by Margaret J. Kartomi]. On Music of Indonesia: Maluku & North Maluku, Disc 1, Track Number 5 [CD] (Celestial Harmonies 14232, 2003). 34 01 Unstructured citation 89 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Bandina Devi ninna charana’ [Liner notes and recordings by Luisse Gunnel]. On Inde: Rythmes et Chants du Nord—Karnataka, Rythmes—Comptines, Chants dévotionnels, Track Number 43 [CD] (Buda Musique—1978542, 2001). 34 01 Unstructured citation 90 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Tovil (Drum Dance)’. On Sri Lanka, Nepal & Bhutan: Ritual, Festival, Masked Dance and Drum Traditions, Track Number 1 [CD] (Music of the Earth, 2015). 34 01 Unstructured citation 91 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Kohomba Kankariya (Dance Ritual)’. On Sri Lanka, Nepal & Bhutan: Ritual, Festival, Masked Dance and Drum Traditions, Track Number 2 [CD] (Music of the Earth, 2015). 34 01 Unstructured citation 92 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Baha Festival Dance’ [Liner notes and recordings by Deben Bhattacharya (1973)]. On Music of the Santal Tribe, Track Number 11 [CD] (ARC Music Productions EUCD2510, 2014). 34 01 Unstructured citation 93 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Uunu’ [Liner notes and recording by Hugo Zemp]. On Solomon Islands: Fataleka and Baegu Music from Malaita, Track Number 1 [CD] (Smithsonian Folkways Recordings/UNESCO-UNES08027, 1973). 34 01 Unstructured citation 94 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Kabu Kei Conua Group [Performer], ‘Yavulo, Yavulo, Vuni Maqo E Buto’ [Liner notes by Ad Linkels]. On Viti Levu: The Multicultural Heart of Fiji, Track Number 14 [CD] (Pan 2096, 2000). 34 01 Unstructured citation 95 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Seance Gisalo Song by Aiba with Weeping’ [Liner notes and recording by Steven Feld]. On Bosavi: Rainforest Music from Papua New Guinea, Disc Number 3, Track Number 4 [CD] (Smithsonian Folkways Recordings SFW40487, 2001). 34 01 Unstructured citation 96 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Songs of the Spirits (Newet)—Lo, Torres’ [Liner notes by Alexandre François and Monika Stern]. On Music of Vanuatu: Celebrations and Mysteries, Track Number 39 [CD] (Inedit—W 260147, 2013). 34 01 Unstructured citation 97 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Alujà de Xangô Aira’ (2005). On Brésil: Les Eaux D’Oxala—Afro-Brazilian Ritual: Candomblé, Track Number 8 [CD] (Buda Musique 92576-2, 1973). 34 01 Unstructured citation 98 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Shipibo Song’ [Produced by Alan Jabbour and Mickey Hart]. On The Spirit Cries: Music of the Rain Forests of South America & The Caribbean, Track Number 12 [CD] (Rykodisc—RCD 10250, 1993). 34 01 Unstructured citation 99 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Selk’ham-Tierra del Fuego-Arrow Ordeal Chant’ [Produced by Alan Lazar]. On Anthology of Central and South American Indian Music, Disc 2, Track Number 14 [CD] (Smithsonian Folkways Recordings/Folkways Records FW04542/FE 4542, 1975). 34 01 Unstructured citation 100 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Kumanti’ [Produced by Alan Jabbour and Mickey Hart]. On The Spirit Cries: Music of the Rain Forests of South America & The Caribbean, Track Number 20 [CD] (Rykodisc—RCD 10250, 1993). 34 01 Unstructured citation 101 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Warao Male Hoarotu Shaman’s Curing Song’ [Recorded by Dale A. Olsen]. On The Garland Encyclopedia of World Music, Vol. 2: South America, Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean Audio CD, Track Number 3 [CD] (Garland Publishing, 1998). 34 01 Unstructured citation 102 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Curing Ritual’ [Produced by Alan Lazar]. On Anthology of Central and South American Indian Music, Disc 1, Track Number 19 [CD] (Smithsonian Folkways Recordings/Folkways Records FW04542/FE 4542, 1975). 34 01 Unstructured citation 103 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Warao Male Wisiratu Shaman’s Curing Song’ [Recorded by Dale A. Olsen]. On The Garland Encyclopedia of World Music, Vol. 2: South America, Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean Audio CD, Track Number 3 [CD] (Garland Publishing, 1998). 34 01 Unstructured citation 104 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Yanomamö Male Shaman’s Curing Song’ [Recorded by Pitts Collection]. On The Garland Encyclopedia of World Music, Vol. 2: South America, Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean Audio CD, Track Number 1 [CD] (Garland Publishing, 1998). 34 01 Unstructured citation 105 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Yekuana Male Shaman’s Curing Song’ [Recorded by Walter Coppens]. On The Garland Encyclopedia of World Music, Vol. 2: South America, Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean Audio CD, Track Number 2 [CD] (Garland Publishing, 1998). 34 01 Unstructured citation 106 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Healing Song’ [Produced by Alan Jabbour and Mickey Hart]. On The Spirit Cries: Music of the Rain Forests of South America & the Caribbean, Track Number 11 [CD] (Rykodisc—RCD 10250, 1993). 34 01 Unstructured citation 107 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Shango Cult: Annual Ceremony in a Rural Area’ [Liner notes and recordings by George Eaton Simpson]. On Cult Music of Trinidad, Track Number 7 [CD] (Smithsonian Folkways Recordings/Folkways Records FW04478/FE 4478, 1961). 34 01 Unstructured citation 108 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Shamanistic Ritual: The Dance’ [Liner notes and recordings by Peter Kloos]. On The Maroni River Caribs of Surinam, Track Number 11 [CD] (Pan PANKCD4005, 1997). 34 01 Unstructured citation 109 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Winti Medley’ [Liner notes and recordings by Clifford Entes]. On Creole Music of Surinam, Track Number 8, 33:25’ [CD] (Smithsonian Folkways Recordings/Folkways Records FW04233/FE 4233, 1978). 34 01 Unstructured citation 110 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Abelagudahani’ [Produced by Alan Jabbour and Mickey Hart]. On The Spirit Cries: Music of the Rain Forests of South America & the Caribbean, Track Number 1 [CD] (Rykodisc—RCD 10250, 1993). 34 01 Unstructured citation 111 34 01 Unstructured citation Gropo Laka [Performer], ‘Danca de tambor pulaya / Pulaya Drum Dance’ [Liner notes and production by Sten Sandahl]. On Music from Honduras, Disc 1, Track Number 3 [CD] (Caprice Records CAP 21632, 2000). 34 01 Unstructured citation 112 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Salve’ [Recorded and produced by Isidro Bobadilla and Morton Marks]. On Afro-Dominican Music from San Cristobal, Dominican Republic, Track Number 3 [CD] (Smithsonian Folkways Recording/Folkways Records FW04285/FE 4285, 1983). 34 01 Unstructured citation 113 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Kumina “Bailo”’ [Recorded and produced by Edward P.G. Seaga]. On Folk Music of Jamaica, Track Number 4 [CD] (Folkways Records FW04453/FE 4453, 1956). 34 01 Unstructured citation 114 34 01 Unstructured citation Jo Leh [Recorded and produced by Kenneth M. Bilby]. On Drums of Defiance: Maroon Music from the Earliest Free Black Communities of Jamaica, Track Number 14 [CD] (Smithsonian Folkways Recordings SFW40412, 1992). 34 01 Unstructured citation 115 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Vodoun Dance (Three Vodoun Drums)’ [Liner notes and recordings by Harold Courlander]. On Music of Haiti: Vol. 2, Drums of Haiti, Track Number 1 [CD] (Smithsonian Folkways Recordings/Folkways Records FW04403/FE 4403, 1950). 34 01 Unstructured citation 116 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Petro Dance (Two Drums)’. On Music of Haiti: Vol. 2, Drums of Haiti, Track Number 5 [CD] (Smithsonian Folkways Recordings/Folkways Records FW04403/FE 4403, 1950). 34 01 Unstructured citation 117 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Bear Dance’ [Produced by Gertrude Prokosch Kurath]. On Songs and Dances of the Great Lakes Indians, Disc 1, Track Number 7 [CD] (Smithsonian Folkways Recordings/Folkways Records FW04003/FE 4003, 1956). 34 01 Unstructured citation 118 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Peyote Song: First Song Cycle’ [Produced by Michael Asch]. On Anthology of North American Indian and Eskimo Music, Disc 1, Track Number 13 [CD] (Smithsonian Folkways Recordings/Folkways Records FW04541/FE 4541, 1973). 34 01 Unstructured citation 119 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Peyote Song’ [Produced by John Bierhorst]. On Cry from the Earth: Music of the North American Indians, Disc 1, Track Number 31 [CD] (Smithsonian Folkways Recordings/Folkways Records FW37777/FA 37777, 1979). 34 01 Unstructured citation 120 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Crown Dance’ [Produced by Charlotte Heth and Terence Winch]. On Creation’s Journey: Native American Music, Track Number 4 [CD] (Smithsonian Folkways Recordings SFW40410, 1994). 34 01 Unstructured citation 121 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Drum Dance’ [Produced by John Bierhorst]. On Cry from the Earth: Music of the North American Indians, Disc 1, Track Number 12 [CD] (Smithsonian Folkways Recordings/Folkways Records FW37777/FA 37777, 1979). 34 01 Unstructured citation 122 34 01 Unstructured citation Peter Webster [Performer], ‘Medicine Man Song’ [Liner notes and production by Ida Halpern]. On Nootka Indian Music of the Pacific North West Coast, Disc 1, Track Number 4 [CD] (Smithsonian Folkways Recordings/Folkways Records FW04524/FE 4524, 1974). 34 01 Unstructured citation 123 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Huichol—Peyote Dance’ [Produced by Henrietta Yurchenco]. On Indian Music of Mexico, Track Number 9 [CD] (Smithsonian Folkways Recordings/Folkways Records FW04413/FE 4413, 1952). 34 01 Unstructured citation 124 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Yaqui—Deer Dance’ [Produced by Henrietta Yurchenco]. On Indian Music of Mexico, Track Number 8 [CD] (Smithsonian Folkways Recordings/Folkways Records FW04413/FE 4413, 1952). 34 01 Unstructured citation 125 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Wolf Dance’ [Liner notes and production by Ida Halpern]. On Nootka Indian Music of the Pacific North West Coast, Disc 2, Track Number 2 [CD] (Smithsonian Folkways Recordings/Folkways Records FW04524/FE 4524, 1974). WORLD 11 Unknown 36 Unspecified hosting platform: webpage for this product https://www.openbookpublishers.com/books/10.11647/obp.0403/chapters/10.11647/obp.0403.08 29 Unspecified hosting platform: download the title https://books.openbookpublishers.com/10.11647/obp.0403.08.pdf 20 08 20240628 01 urn:uuid:e69f2f12-cff6-40ea-b6fc-8f92c9fbc392 03 01 01 thoth-work-id urn:uuid:7fc74c5c-b2f6-4801-9a7b-e9268e368328 01 thoth-publication-id urn:uuid:e69f2f12-cff6-40ea-b6fc-8f92c9fbc392 06 10.11647/obp.0403.08 00 EB E105 10 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ 01 01 8. An Inquiry into Musical Trance 1 A01 21 0000000157680818 Dilara Turan Dilara Turan Research Assistant in the Department of Music Istanbul Bilgi University Dilara Turan is a Research Assistant in the Department of Music, Istanbul Bilgi University, Turkey, where she also received her doctorate. Her current research focuses on the spirituality of music and the cultural study of avant-garde music practices. 01 eng 00 34 03 01 06 03 00 Establishing a comprehensive framework for investigating the profound connection between music and spiritual experiences, this chapter first introduces the Metaphysics of Quality by Robert Pirsig. This philosophical approach offers specific ontological positions on spirituality and empiricism, laying the groundwork for the exploration of music and trance phenomena, often considered outside of empirical studies. Drawing upon the Metaphysics of Quality, the study then adopts a multidisciplinary approach to unravel the intricate dynamics of musical trance. It addresses the prevailing dichotomy in existing literature, which often isolates either the socio-cultural significance or the psychoacoustic mechanisms of music in trance states. In order to bridge this gap, the inquiry simultaneously delves into music's role as a culture-specific sign and a sonic inducer within spiritual contexts. Through cognitive and psychological lenses, the study explores theories of altered states of consciousness (ASC), examines ethnographic examples of musical trance practices from nine distinct geographical regions, and provides comparative analysis of field recordings to gain insights into the psychoacoustic properties accompanying trance states. While direct causality between sound and trance induction remains elusive, the study identifies common sonic patterns hinting at a complementary function of music in ASC. Various units of statistical regularities in music emerge as significant elements linking sound to perceptual and socio-cultural contexts of trance rituals. Through integration within a non-dualist eco-social model of sonic signification, the chapter provides a nuanced understanding of music's multifaceted role in facilitating spiritual experiences across diverse cultural landscapes. 30 00 Establishing a comprehensive framework for investigating the profound connection between music and spiritual experiences, this chapter first introduces the Metaphysics of Quality by Robert Pirsig. This philosophical approach offers specific ontological positions on spirituality and empiricism, laying the groundwork for the exploration of music and trance phenomena, often considered outside of empirical studies. Drawing upon the Metaphysics of Quality, the study then adopts a multidisciplinary approach to unravel the intricate dynamics of musical trance. It addresses the prevailing dichotomy in existing literature, which often isolates either the socio-cultural significance or the psychoacoustic mechanisms of music in trance states. In order to bridge this gap, the inquiry simultaneously delves into music's role as a culture-specific sign and a sonic inducer within spiritual contexts. Through cognitive and psychological lenses, the study explores theories of altered states of consciousness (ASC), examines ethnographic examples of musical trance practices from nine distinct geographical regions, and provides comparative analysis of field recordings to gain insights into the psychoacoustic properties accompanying trance states. While direct causality between sound and trance induction remains elusive, the study identifies common sonic patterns hinting at a complementary function of music in ASC. Various units of statistical regularities in music emerge as significant elements linking sound to perceptual and socio-cultural contexts of trance rituals. Through integration within a non-dualist eco-social model of sonic signification, the chapter provides a nuanced understanding of music's multifaceted role in facilitating spiritual experiences across diverse cultural landscapes. 20 00 Open Access 01 URL https://www.openbookpublishers.com/ Open Book Publishers 01 Open Book Publishers 01 Publisher's website: home page https://www.openbookpublishers.com/ 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this title https://www.openbookpublishers.com/books/10.11647/obp.0403/chapters/10.11647/obp.0403.08 Cambridge, UK 04 01 20240628 Dilara Turan 02 WORLD 34 01 Unstructured citation D. Bernez [Performer], ‘Na Go De’ [Liner notes and recordings by Scott Kiehl]. On Akom: Art of Possession, Track Number 19 [CD] (Village Pulse VPU-1009, 2000). 34 01 Unstructured citation 1 34 01 Unstructured citation 2 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘An Evening with the Flute Ensemble’ [Liner notes and recordings by Artur Simon]. On Berta—Waza, Bal Naggaro, Abangaran—Die Musik Der Berta Am Blauen Nil—Music of the Berta from the Blue Nile, Track Number 15 [CD], Museum Collection Berlin (WERGO—SM 17082, 2003). 34 01 Unstructured citation 3 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Bartha, the Winner’ [Liner notes and recordings by Artur Simon]. On Berta—Waza, Bal Naggaro, Abangaran—Die Musik Der Berta Am Blauen Nil—Music of the Berta from the Blue Nile, Track Number 14 [CD], Museum Collection Berlin (WERGO —SM 17082, 2003). 34 01 Unstructured citation 4 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘The Bata Repertoire for Shango in Sakété: Oba Koso’ [Liner notes and recordings by Carol Hardy, compilation by Marcos Branda-Lacerda]. On The World’s Musical Traditions, Vol. 8: Yoruba Drums from Benin, West Africa, Track Number 7 [CD] (Smithsonian Folkways Recordings 40440, 1996). 34 01 Unstructured citation 5 34 01 Unstructured citation Matsuhira Yuji [Screen name], ‘Bira Dance at Great Zimbabwe’, YouTube, 20 January 2013 [online video recording], https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pbs80p4-nGM 34 01 Unstructured citation 6 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘La Cérémonie Du Bobé’ [Produced by Caroline Bourgine]. On Congo: Cérémonie du Bobé, Track Number 2 [CD] (Ocora W 560010, 1991). 34 01 Unstructured citation 7 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Le Bobé S’est Rapproché’ [Produced by Caroline Bourgine]. On Congo: Cérémonie du Bobé, Track Number 3 [CD] (Ocora W 560010, 1991). 34 01 Unstructured citation 8 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Musique de Divination Diye’ [Liner notes and recordings by Simha Arom]. On Anthologie de la musique des Pygmées Aka = Musical anthology of the Aka Pygmies, Disc 2, Track Number 9 [CD] (Ocora C 560171/72, 2002). 34 01 Unstructured citation 9 34 01 Unstructured citation Foundation for Hausa Performing Arts, ‘Dodorido Koroso Dance Drama Segment 2 Bori Adept’, 8 January 2012 [online video recording], https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hpjrw_VRW1Y 34 01 Unstructured citation 10 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Music for the Buma Dance’ [Liner notes and recordings by Simha Arom & Patrick Renaud]. On Cameroon: Baka Pygmy Music, Disc 1, Track Number 1, 10 [CD] (Smithsonian Folkways Recordings/UNESCO, 1977). 34 01 Unstructured citation 11 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Le Jeune Eland (Nang Tzema Tzi)’ [Liner notes by Emmanuelle Olivier]. On Namibia: Songs of the Ju’hoansi Bushmen, Track Number 18 [CD] (Ocora C 560117, 1997). 34 01 Unstructured citation 12 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Oryx (Go’e Tzi)’ (1997) [Liner notes by Emmanuelle Olivier]. On Namibia: Songs of the Ju’hoansi Bushmen, Track Number 19 [CD] (Ocora 560117, 1997). 34 01 Unstructured citation 13 34 01 Unstructured citation Mtendeni Maulid Ensemble, ‘Dahala 3: Marihaba / Hua Maulana / Salat / Jalla Jalaluh / Khamsa Arkan / Man A’ala / Leo Mambo’ [Liner notes by Aïsha Schmitt]. On Zanzibara, Vol. 6—A Sufi Performance from Zanzibar, Track Number 3 [CD] (Buda Musique 860219, 2012). 34 01 Unstructured citation 14 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Hadra Song: “Al hamdou lillahAlgeria”’ [Liner notes and recordings by Pierre Augier]. On Algeria: Sahara - Music of Gourara Disc 1, Track Number 3 [CD] (Smithsonian Folkways Recordings/UNESCO, 1975). 34 01 Unstructured citation 15 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Jinele: chant de divination’ [Liner notes by Jean L. Jenkins, Ralph Harrisson and Ragnar Johnson]. On Ethiopie: musiques vocales et instrumentales, Disc 2, Track Number 10 [CD] (Ocora C 580055/56, 1994). 34 01 Unstructured citation 16 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Būderbāla / Būḥāla’. On The Music Of Islām—Volume Six: Al-Maghrib, Gnāwa Music, Marrakesh, Morocco, Track Number 4 [CD] (Celestial Harmonies 13146-2, 1997). 34 01 Unstructured citation 17 34 01 Unstructured citation Matsuhira Yuji [Screen name], ‘The Mbira Ceremony’, YouTube, 18 May 2012 [online video recording], https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OXBQbn6wZeQ 34 01 Unstructured citation 18 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Molimo Song of Devotion to the Forest’ [Liner notes and recordings by Colin Turnbull and Francis S. Chapman]. On Mbuti Pygmies of the Ituri Rainforest, Track Number 26 [CD] (Smithsonian Folkways Recordings 40401, 1997). 34 01 Unstructured citation 19 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Molimo Song: Darkness Is Good’ [Liner notes and recordings by Colin Turnbull and Francis S. Chapman]. On Mbuti Pygmies of the Ituri Rainforest, Track Number 25 [CD] (Smithsonian Folkways Recordings 40401, 1997). 34 01 Unstructured citation 20 34 01 Unstructured citation Gnawalux Brussels [Screen name], ‘Stambali 1—Gnawa Tunisie’, YouTube, 27 August 2008 [online video recording], https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wK-UasuUtdo 34 01 Unstructured citation 21 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Tazenkharet’ [Liner notes and recordings by Finola Holiday & Geoffrey Holiday]. On Tuareg Music of the Southern Sahar, Disc 1, Track Number 13 [CD] (Ethnic Folkways Library FE 4470, 1960). 34 01 Unstructured citation 22 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Timgui’ [Liner notes and recordings by Charles Duvelle]. On Bariba—Bénin, Track Number 5 [CD] (Philips Music Group France 538721-2, 1999). 34 01 Unstructured citation 23 34 01 Unstructured citation Mwizenge Tembo [Screen name], ‘Vimbuza Dance Ritual Ceremony’, YouTube, 20 July 2008 [online video recording], https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6wpsNQp1ci4 34 01 Unstructured citation 24 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Alto Bung’o Horn (Kenya)’ [Compiled by Stephen Innocenzi]. On Africa, Music from the Nonesuch Explorer Series, Track Number 1 [CD] (Nonesuch Records 7559-79793-2, 2002). 34 01 Unstructured citation 25 34 01 Unstructured citation Ivo Biegman. [Screen name], ‘Zar ritual in Egypt’, YouTube, 19 May 2011 [online video recording], https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YNiUc4W5Kzo&list=RDYNiUc4W5Kzo#t=517 34 01 Unstructured citation 26 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Zar Omdurman’ [Liner notes and compilation by Peter Verney]. On Rough Guide to Sudan, Track Number 7 [CD]. (World Music Network—RGNET 1152, 2005). 34 01 Unstructured citation 27 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Danse, Bozok Semahi’ [Liner notes by Jean During and Jerome Cler]. On Turquie: Ceremonie du Djem Alevi (Turkey: Djem Alevi Ceremony), Track Number 12 [CD] (Ocora C 560125, 1998). 34 01 Unstructured citation 28 34 01 Unstructured citation kabultransit [Screen name]. ‘Kabul Transit—Zikr’, YouTube, 7 November 2007 [online video recording], https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_BvSLgJSBBY 34 01 Unstructured citation 29 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Zikr’ [Liner notes by Jean During]. On Kurdistan: Zikr et chants soufis, Disc 2, Track Number 2 [CD] (Ocora C 560071/72, 1994). 34 01 Unstructured citation 30 34 01 Unstructured citation Iraqi Maqam [Screen name], ‘Dhikr Ceremony in Iraq’, YouTube, 1 January 2009 [online video recording], https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yyrK-oAo3DM&list=PL5B186F663D6F3052&index=2 34 01 Unstructured citation 31 34 01 Unstructured citation Iraqi Maqam [Screen name], ‘Qadiri Dhikr—God is Eternal’, YouTube, 8 December 2008 [online video recording], https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lV52djNFcKk&index=1&list=PL5B186F663D6F3052 34 01 Unstructured citation 32 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Zikr/ Du’a / Tekbir’ [Liner notes and recordings by Bernard Mauguin]. On Islamic Ritual from Kosovo, Track Number 2 [CD] (Smithsonian Folkways Recordings/ UNESCO-UNES08055, 1974). 34 01 Unstructured citation 33 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Islamic Ritual Zikr’ [Liner notes by Christian Poché, recordings by Jochen Wenzel]. On Syria: Islamic Ritual Zikr in Aleppo, Track Number 2 [CD] (Smithsonian Folkways Recordings/UNESCO-UNES08013, 1975). 34 01 Unstructured citation 34 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Zikr’ [Liner notes by David Stevens]. On Turquie: Musique Soufi, Track Number 1 [CD] (Ocora C559017, 1987). 34 01 Unstructured citation 35 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Zikr-e Allah et percussions’ [Liner notes by Jean During]. On Kurdistan: Zikr et chants soufis, Disc 2, Track Number 1 [CD] (Ocora C 560071/72, 1994). 34 01 Unstructured citation 36 34 01 Unstructured citation H. Shakkûr & Ensemble Al-Kindî [Performer], ‘Meditation’ [Liner notes by Peter Pannke]. On Sufi Soul (Echos Du Paradis), Disc 1, Track Number 2 [CD]. (Network Medien—26.982, 1997). 34 01 Unstructured citation 37 34 01 Unstructured citation Muhammad Al Ashiq [Performer], ‘Qasida: Saluha Limadha’ [Liner notes by Andre Jouve and Christian Poche]. On Archives De La Musique Arabe Vol. 1, Track Number 2 [CD] (Ocora C 558678, 1987). 34 01 Unstructured citation 38 34 01 Unstructured citation Mobarak & Molabakhsh Nuri [Performer], ‘Qalandari Tune’. On Troubadours of Allah: Sufi Music from the Indus Valley, Disc 1, Track Number 2 [CD] (Wergo SM 16172, 1999). 34 01 Unstructured citation 39 34 01 Unstructured citation Yâr Mohammad [Performer], ‘Qalandari Tune (Khorasani)’ [Liner notes by Peter Pannke]. On Sufi Soul (Echos Du Paradis), Disc 2, Track Number 10 [CD] (Network Medien—26.982, 1997). 34 01 Unstructured citation 40 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Tamburah (Voice of the Lyre)’ [Liner notes and recordings by Dieter Christensen]. On Oman: Traditional Arts of the Sultanate of Oman, Track Number 7 [CD] (Smithsonian Folkways Recordings/UNESCO-UNES08211, 1993). 34 01 Unstructured citation 41 34 01 Unstructured citation O. Y. Traibi [Performer], ‘Zar’ [Liner notes by Christian Poché, recordings by Jochen Wenzel]. On Yemen: Traditional Music of the North, Track Number 3 [CD] (Smithsonian Folkways Recordings/UNESCO-UNES08004, 1978). 34 01 Unstructured citation 42 34 01 Unstructured citation Ozman Khaled [Screen name], ‘ZAAR Ceremony at Qeshm’, YouTube, 18 April 2016 [online video recording], https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gifUSI1RFCQ 34 01 Unstructured citation 43 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Zikr’ [Liner notes and production by Jean During and Ted Levin]. On The Silk Road: A Musical Caravan, Disc 2, Track Number 19 [CD]. (Smithsonian Folkways Recordings SFW40438, 2002). 34 01 Unstructured citation 44 34 01 Unstructured citation Aznash Ensemble [Performer]. Konya Mystic Music Festival [Screen name], ‘Aznash Ensemble’, YouTube, 5 August 2013 [online video recording], https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TiPqB4GNzT0&list=RDtx6dwa4u8Lg&index=11 34 01 Unstructured citation 45 34 01 Unstructured citation Swiatoslaw Wojtkowiak [Screen name], ‘Chechen Female Zikr: Opening’, YouTube, 16 December 2010 [online video recording], https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tx6dwa4u8Lg 34 01 Unstructured citation 46 34 01 Unstructured citation S. Aqmoldaev [Performer], ‘Kertolghau’ [Liner notes and production by Jean During and Ted Levin]. On The Silk Road: A Musical Caravan, Disc 2, Track Number 16 [CD] (Smithsonian Folkways Recordings SFW40438, 2002). 34 01 Unstructured citation 47 34 01 Unstructured citation T. S. Qalebov and S. Tawarov [Performer], ‘Madh’ [Liner notes and production by Jean During and Ted Levin]. On The Silk Road: A Musical Caravan, Disc 2, Track Number 18 [CD] (Smithsonian Folkways Recordings SFW40438, 2002). 34 01 Unstructured citation 48 34 01 Unstructured citation Supergnak [Screen name], ‘Le tour du monde en musique: Kazakhstan—Le kobyz du chaman’, YouTube, 14 January 2010 [online video recording], https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5M6DA5w6aCc 34 01 Unstructured citation 49 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Shod-i Uforash and Ufor-i Tezash: Dilbaram Shumo’ [Liner notes and recordings by Ted Levin]. On Bukhara: Musical Crossroads of Asia, Track Number 1 [CD] (Smithsonian Folkways Recordings SFW40050, 1991). 34 01 Unstructured citation 50 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Cérémonie De Propitiation De Nag-Zhig’ [Liner notes and recording by Ricardo Canzio]. On Tibet: Traditions Rituelles Des Bonpos, Track Number 2 [CD] (Ocora C 580016, 1993). 34 01 Unstructured citation 51 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Shamanic Bear Session’ [Liner notes and recording by Henry Lecomte]. On Siberia, Vol. 1—Shamanic & Narrative Songs of Siberian Arctic, Track Number 12 [CD] (Buda Musique—925642, 1995). 34 01 Unstructured citation 52 34 01 Unstructured citation O. A. Njavan [Performer], ‘Song, Kkas Drum and Jampa Jingle Belt, Imitation of Kamlanie’ [Liner notes and recording by Henry Lecomte]. On Siberia, Vol. 6: Sakhalin—Vocal & Instrumental Music, Nivkh Ujl’ta, Track Number 8 [CD] (Buda Musique—927212, 1998). 34 01 Unstructured citation 53 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Chant Chamanique’ [Liner notes and recording by Henry Lecomte]. On Siberia, Vol. 5—Shamanic & Daily Songs from the Amur Basin, Track Number 8 [CD] (Buda Musique—926712, 1997). 34 01 Unstructured citation 54 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Chant Chamanique’ [Liner notes and recording by Henry Lecomte]. On Siberia, Vol. 5—Shamanic & Daily Songs from the Amur Basin, Track Number 27 [CD] (Buda Musique—926712, 1997). 34 01 Unstructured citation 55 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Pei-tou Liturgy (Great Bear Liturgy)’ [Produced by John Levy]. On Chinese Buddhist Music, Track Number 6 [CD] (Lyrichord—LLST 7222, 2004). 34 01 Unstructured citation 56 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Dai Hannya Tendoku E’ [Liner notes by Toshiro Kido and Pierre Landy]. On Japan: Shomyo Buddhist Ritual—Dai Hannya Ceremony, Track Number 1, 17:00–31:42 [CD] (Smithsonian Folkways Recordings/UNESCO-UNES08036, 1975). 34 01 Unstructured citation 57 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Sinawi’ [Liner notes and recording by Kwon Oh Sung]. On Korea: Folkloric Instrumental Traditions, Vol. 1: Sinawi and Sanjo, Track Number 1 [CD] (JVC Ethnic Sound Series #25, JVC VID- 25020, 1988). 34 01 Unstructured citation 58 34 01 Unstructured citation O-Suwa-Daiko [Performer]. ‘Ama-No-Naru Tatsu-O Dai-Kagura’ [Liner notes by Iyori Takei]. On Japan: O-Suwa-Daiko Drums, Track Number 3 [CD] (Smithsonian Folkways Recordings/UNESCO-UNES08030, 1978). 34 01 Unstructured citation 59 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Rimse’ [Liner notes and recording by Jean-Jacques Nattiez and Kazuyuki Tanimoto]. On Japan: Ainu Songs, Track Number 4 [CD] (Smithsonian Folkways Recordings/UNESCO-UNES08047, 1980). 34 01 Unstructured citation 60 34 01 Unstructured citation M. K. Seo [Author and Recorder], ‘Tangak’. In the CD of the book Hanyang Kut: Korean Shaman Ritual Music from Seoul (Current Research in Ethnomusicology: Outstanding Dissertations), Track, Number 20, pp. 165, 171, and 194 (New York & London: Routledge, 2002). 34 01 Unstructured citation 61 34 01 Unstructured citation B. Salchak [Performer], ‘Kham [Shaman Ritual]’ [Liner notes and recording by Dina Oiun]. On Voices from the Distant Steppe, Track Number 16 [CD] (Real World Records—CDRW41, 1994). 34 01 Unstructured citation 62 34 01 Unstructured citation K. Yokoyama [Performer], ‘Ko-ku (Vacuity)’ [Liner notes by Akira Tamba]. On Japon, Kinshi Turata—Katsuya Yokoyama, Track Number 2 [CD] (Ocora C 558518 1994). 34 01 Unstructured citation 63 34 01 Unstructured citation V. G. Anastasija [Performer], ‘Vocals and Jajar Frame Drum: A Song for the Khololo Celebration’ [Liner notes and recording by Henry Lecomte]. On Siberia, Vol. 4 Kamtchatka: Dance Drums from Siberian Far East, Track Number 15 [CD] (Buda Musique—925982, 1994). 34 01 Unstructured citation 64 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Tus’ [Liner notes and recording by Jean-Jacques Nattiez and Kazuyuki Tanimoto]. On Japan: Ainu Songs, Track Number 10 [CD] (Smithsonian Folkways Recordings/UNESCO-UNES08047, 1980). 34 01 Unstructured citation 65 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Upopo’ [Liner notes and recording by Jean-Jacques Nattiez and Kazuyuki Tanimoto]. On Japan: Ainu Songs, Track Number 2 [CD] (Smithsonian Folkways Recordings/UNESCO-UNES08047, 1980). 34 01 Unstructured citation 66 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Smaon’ [Liner notes by John Schaefer and recording by David Parsons]. On The Music of Cambodia (Royal Court Music), Track Number 19 [CD] (Celestial Harmonies 13075-2, 1993). 34 01 Unstructured citation 67 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Beliatn Sentiyu Suite’ (excerpt) [Liner notes and recording by Philip Yampolsky]. On Music of Indonesia, Vol. 17: Kalimantan: Dayak Ritual and Festival Music, Track Number 14 [CD] (Smithsonian Folkways Recordings SFW40444, 1998). 34 01 Unstructured citation 68 34 01 Unstructured citation P. Pargi Mina [Performer] (1984), ‘Devi Ambav ro dhak’ [Recording by David Roche]. On The Garland Encyclopedia of World Music, Vol. 5: South Asia: The Indian Subcontinent Audio, Track Number 13 [CD] (Garland Publishing, 2000). 34 01 Unstructured citation 69 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Buddhist Ritual Music and Chant in Honor of A-phyi’ (1976). [Recording by Mireille Helffer]. On The Garland Encyclopedia of World Music, Vol. 5: South Asia: The Indian Subcontinent Audio, Track Number 24 [CD] (Garland Publishing, 2000). 34 01 Unstructured citation 70 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Ritual Chanting (Ngāyung) of Mediums (to Rid the Settlement of Malign Forest Spirits) [Produced by Harold C. Conklin]. On Hanunóo Music from the Philippines, Side 1, Band 11 [LP] (Ethnic Folkways Library ‎FE 4466, 1956). 34 01 Unstructured citation 71 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Châu Văn’ [Liner notes by Trần Văn Khê]. On Viêtnam Musique de Huê: Chants de Huê et Musique de Cour, Track Number 18 [CD] (Inedit—W 260073, 2005). 34 01 Unstructured citation 72 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Dabuih’ [Produced by Margaret J. Kartomi]. On The Music of Islam, Vol. 15: Muslim Music Of Indonesia, Aceh And West Sumatra, Disc 1, Track Number 16 [CD] (Celestial Harmonies 14232, 1998). 34 01 Unstructured citation 73 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Dzikir Samman: Allahu Allah’ [Produced by Philip Yampolsky]. On Music of Indonesia, Vol. 19: Music of Maluku: Halmahera, Buru, Kei, Track Number 17 [CD] (Smithsonian Folkways Recordings SFW40446, 1999). 34 01 Unstructured citation 74 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Gamelan Salunding, Tenganan—Gending Sekar Gadung’ [Liner notes and recording by David Lewiston]. On Bali: Gamelan & Kecak, Track Number 5 [CD] (Elektra Nonesuch—9 79204-2, 1989). 34 01 Unstructured citation 75 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Musique des anciennes cérémonies religieuses avec une guru sibaso: Begu deleng/ Odak-odak/ Pertang-tang sabe/ Peseluken’ [Liner notes by Artur Simon]. On Sumatra: Musiques Des Batak Karo, Toba, Simalungun, Track Number 2 [CD] (Inedit—W 260061, 1995). 34 01 Unstructured citation 76 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Gondang “Pangelek-elek Ni Jujungan Ro”’ [Liner notes by Artur Simon]. On Sumatra: Musiques Des Batak Karo, Toba, Simalungun, Track Number 5 [CD] (Inedit—W 260061, 1995). 34 01 Unstructured citation 77 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Kecak From Blakiuh Near Mengwi’ [Liner notes by Wolfgang Hamm and Rika Reissler]. On Bali: A Suite of Tropical Music and Sound, Track Number 9 [CD] (World Network 35, 1995). 34 01 Unstructured citation 78 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Sekaha Ganda Sari, Bona—Kecak’ [Liner notes and recording by David Lewiston]. On Bali: Gamelan & Kecak, Track Number 8 [CD] (Elektra Nonesuch—9 79204-2, 1989). 34 01 Unstructured citation 79 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Kuda Kepang’. On The Ethnic Sampler 4, Track Number 25 [CD] (APM Music, Sonoton—SAS 107, 1995). 34 01 Unstructured citation 80 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Phléng khlom’ [Liner notes and recording by Jacques Brunet]. On Cambodia: Folk and Ceremonial Music, Track Number 12 [CD] (Smithsonian Folkways Recordings/ UNESCO-UNES08068, 1996). 34 01 Unstructured citation 81 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Pheng Phi Fa’ [Liner notes and recording by Jacques Brunet]. On Laos—Traditional Music Of The South, Track Number 1 [CD] (UNESCO—D 8042, 1992). 34 01 Unstructured citation 82 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Nanduni Pattu—Song to Bhadrakali’ [Liner notes and recordings by Rolf Killius]. On Ritual Music of Kerala, Track Number 5 [CD] (Archives and Research Centre for Ethnomusicology—ARCE00028, 2008). 34 01 Unstructured citation 83 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Burmese “Pwe”’ [Liner notes and recording by the collection of La Meri]. On Exotic Dances, Track Number 4 [LP] (Folkways Records FP 52, 1950). 34 01 Unstructured citation 84 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘A Healing Ceremony at Kg’ [Liner notes and compilation by Marina Roseman]. On Dream Songs and Healing Sounds in the Rainforests of Malaysia, Track Number 10 [CD] (Smithsonian Folkways Recordings SFW40417, 1995). 34 01 Unstructured citation 85 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Piphat Mon: Spirit Dance’ [Liner notes by Andrew Shahriari]. On Silk, Spirits and Song—Music from North Thailand, Track Number 12 [CD] (Lyrichord—LYRCD 7451, 2006). 34 01 Unstructured citation 86 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Perdjuritan (Soldiers Dance)’ [Edited by Henry Cowell]. On Music of Indonesia, Track Number 7 [CD] (Folkways Records FE 4537, 1961). 34 01 Unstructured citation 87 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Invocation to the Goddess Yeshiki Mamo (Tantric Puja) Part II’ [Recording by Manfred Junius and P. C. Misra]. On The Lamas of The Nyingmapa Monastery of Dehra Dun—Tibetan Ritual, Track Number 2 [CD]. (UNESCO Collection of Traditional Music of the World Series, Auvidis ‎– D 8034, 1991). 34 01 Unstructured citation 88 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Salai Jin, Pt. 2’ [Produced by Margaret J. Kartomi]. On Music of Indonesia: Maluku & North Maluku, Disc 1, Track Number 5 [CD] (Celestial Harmonies 14232, 2003). 34 01 Unstructured citation 89 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Bandina Devi ninna charana’ [Liner notes and recordings by Luisse Gunnel]. On Inde: Rythmes et Chants du Nord—Karnataka, Rythmes—Comptines, Chants dévotionnels, Track Number 43 [CD] (Buda Musique—1978542, 2001). 34 01 Unstructured citation 90 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Tovil (Drum Dance)’. On Sri Lanka, Nepal & Bhutan: Ritual, Festival, Masked Dance and Drum Traditions, Track Number 1 [CD] (Music of the Earth, 2015). 34 01 Unstructured citation 91 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Kohomba Kankariya (Dance Ritual)’. On Sri Lanka, Nepal & Bhutan: Ritual, Festival, Masked Dance and Drum Traditions, Track Number 2 [CD] (Music of the Earth, 2015). 34 01 Unstructured citation 92 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Baha Festival Dance’ [Liner notes and recordings by Deben Bhattacharya (1973)]. On Music of the Santal Tribe, Track Number 11 [CD] (ARC Music Productions EUCD2510, 2014). 34 01 Unstructured citation 93 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Uunu’ [Liner notes and recording by Hugo Zemp]. On Solomon Islands: Fataleka and Baegu Music from Malaita, Track Number 1 [CD] (Smithsonian Folkways Recordings/UNESCO-UNES08027, 1973). 34 01 Unstructured citation 94 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Kabu Kei Conua Group [Performer], ‘Yavulo, Yavulo, Vuni Maqo E Buto’ [Liner notes by Ad Linkels]. On Viti Levu: The Multicultural Heart of Fiji, Track Number 14 [CD] (Pan 2096, 2000). 34 01 Unstructured citation 95 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Seance Gisalo Song by Aiba with Weeping’ [Liner notes and recording by Steven Feld]. On Bosavi: Rainforest Music from Papua New Guinea, Disc Number 3, Track Number 4 [CD] (Smithsonian Folkways Recordings SFW40487, 2001). 34 01 Unstructured citation 96 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Songs of the Spirits (Newet)—Lo, Torres’ [Liner notes by Alexandre François and Monika Stern]. On Music of Vanuatu: Celebrations and Mysteries, Track Number 39 [CD] (Inedit—W 260147, 2013). 34 01 Unstructured citation 97 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Alujà de Xangô Aira’ (2005). On Brésil: Les Eaux D’Oxala—Afro-Brazilian Ritual: Candomblé, Track Number 8 [CD] (Buda Musique 92576-2, 1973). 34 01 Unstructured citation 98 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Shipibo Song’ [Produced by Alan Jabbour and Mickey Hart]. On The Spirit Cries: Music of the Rain Forests of South America & The Caribbean, Track Number 12 [CD] (Rykodisc—RCD 10250, 1993). 34 01 Unstructured citation 99 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Selk’ham-Tierra del Fuego-Arrow Ordeal Chant’ [Produced by Alan Lazar]. On Anthology of Central and South American Indian Music, Disc 2, Track Number 14 [CD] (Smithsonian Folkways Recordings/Folkways Records FW04542/FE 4542, 1975). 34 01 Unstructured citation 100 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Kumanti’ [Produced by Alan Jabbour and Mickey Hart]. On The Spirit Cries: Music of the Rain Forests of South America & The Caribbean, Track Number 20 [CD] (Rykodisc—RCD 10250, 1993). 34 01 Unstructured citation 101 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Warao Male Hoarotu Shaman’s Curing Song’ [Recorded by Dale A. Olsen]. On The Garland Encyclopedia of World Music, Vol. 2: South America, Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean Audio CD, Track Number 3 [CD] (Garland Publishing, 1998). 34 01 Unstructured citation 102 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Curing Ritual’ [Produced by Alan Lazar]. On Anthology of Central and South American Indian Music, Disc 1, Track Number 19 [CD] (Smithsonian Folkways Recordings/Folkways Records FW04542/FE 4542, 1975). 34 01 Unstructured citation 103 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Warao Male Wisiratu Shaman’s Curing Song’ [Recorded by Dale A. Olsen]. On The Garland Encyclopedia of World Music, Vol. 2: South America, Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean Audio CD, Track Number 3 [CD] (Garland Publishing, 1998). 34 01 Unstructured citation 104 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Yanomamö Male Shaman’s Curing Song’ [Recorded by Pitts Collection]. On The Garland Encyclopedia of World Music, Vol. 2: South America, Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean Audio CD, Track Number 1 [CD] (Garland Publishing, 1998). 34 01 Unstructured citation 105 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Yekuana Male Shaman’s Curing Song’ [Recorded by Walter Coppens]. On The Garland Encyclopedia of World Music, Vol. 2: South America, Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean Audio CD, Track Number 2 [CD] (Garland Publishing, 1998). 34 01 Unstructured citation 106 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Healing Song’ [Produced by Alan Jabbour and Mickey Hart]. On The Spirit Cries: Music of the Rain Forests of South America & the Caribbean, Track Number 11 [CD] (Rykodisc—RCD 10250, 1993). 34 01 Unstructured citation 107 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Shango Cult: Annual Ceremony in a Rural Area’ [Liner notes and recordings by George Eaton Simpson]. On Cult Music of Trinidad, Track Number 7 [CD] (Smithsonian Folkways Recordings/Folkways Records FW04478/FE 4478, 1961). 34 01 Unstructured citation 108 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Shamanistic Ritual: The Dance’ [Liner notes and recordings by Peter Kloos]. On The Maroni River Caribs of Surinam, Track Number 11 [CD] (Pan PANKCD4005, 1997). 34 01 Unstructured citation 109 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Winti Medley’ [Liner notes and recordings by Clifford Entes]. On Creole Music of Surinam, Track Number 8, 33:25’ [CD] (Smithsonian Folkways Recordings/Folkways Records FW04233/FE 4233, 1978). 34 01 Unstructured citation 110 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Abelagudahani’ [Produced by Alan Jabbour and Mickey Hart]. On The Spirit Cries: Music of the Rain Forests of South America & the Caribbean, Track Number 1 [CD] (Rykodisc—RCD 10250, 1993). 34 01 Unstructured citation 111 34 01 Unstructured citation Gropo Laka [Performer], ‘Danca de tambor pulaya / Pulaya Drum Dance’ [Liner notes and production by Sten Sandahl]. On Music from Honduras, Disc 1, Track Number 3 [CD] (Caprice Records CAP 21632, 2000). 34 01 Unstructured citation 112 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Salve’ [Recorded and produced by Isidro Bobadilla and Morton Marks]. On Afro-Dominican Music from San Cristobal, Dominican Republic, Track Number 3 [CD] (Smithsonian Folkways Recording/Folkways Records FW04285/FE 4285, 1983). 34 01 Unstructured citation 113 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Kumina “Bailo”’ [Recorded and produced by Edward P.G. Seaga]. On Folk Music of Jamaica, Track Number 4 [CD] (Folkways Records FW04453/FE 4453, 1956). 34 01 Unstructured citation 114 34 01 Unstructured citation Jo Leh [Recorded and produced by Kenneth M. Bilby]. On Drums of Defiance: Maroon Music from the Earliest Free Black Communities of Jamaica, Track Number 14 [CD] (Smithsonian Folkways Recordings SFW40412, 1992). 34 01 Unstructured citation 115 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Vodoun Dance (Three Vodoun Drums)’ [Liner notes and recordings by Harold Courlander]. On Music of Haiti: Vol. 2, Drums of Haiti, Track Number 1 [CD] (Smithsonian Folkways Recordings/Folkways Records FW04403/FE 4403, 1950). 34 01 Unstructured citation 116 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Petro Dance (Two Drums)’. On Music of Haiti: Vol. 2, Drums of Haiti, Track Number 5 [CD] (Smithsonian Folkways Recordings/Folkways Records FW04403/FE 4403, 1950). 34 01 Unstructured citation 117 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Bear Dance’ [Produced by Gertrude Prokosch Kurath]. On Songs and Dances of the Great Lakes Indians, Disc 1, Track Number 7 [CD] (Smithsonian Folkways Recordings/Folkways Records FW04003/FE 4003, 1956). 34 01 Unstructured citation 118 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Peyote Song: First Song Cycle’ [Produced by Michael Asch]. On Anthology of North American Indian and Eskimo Music, Disc 1, Track Number 13 [CD] (Smithsonian Folkways Recordings/Folkways Records FW04541/FE 4541, 1973). 34 01 Unstructured citation 119 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Peyote Song’ [Produced by John Bierhorst]. On Cry from the Earth: Music of the North American Indians, Disc 1, Track Number 31 [CD] (Smithsonian Folkways Recordings/Folkways Records FW37777/FA 37777, 1979). 34 01 Unstructured citation 120 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Crown Dance’ [Produced by Charlotte Heth and Terence Winch]. On Creation’s Journey: Native American Music, Track Number 4 [CD] (Smithsonian Folkways Recordings SFW40410, 1994). 34 01 Unstructured citation 121 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Drum Dance’ [Produced by John Bierhorst]. On Cry from the Earth: Music of the North American Indians, Disc 1, Track Number 12 [CD] (Smithsonian Folkways Recordings/Folkways Records FW37777/FA 37777, 1979). 34 01 Unstructured citation 122 34 01 Unstructured citation Peter Webster [Performer], ‘Medicine Man Song’ [Liner notes and production by Ida Halpern]. On Nootka Indian Music of the Pacific North West Coast, Disc 1, Track Number 4 [CD] (Smithsonian Folkways Recordings/Folkways Records FW04524/FE 4524, 1974). 34 01 Unstructured citation 123 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Huichol—Peyote Dance’ [Produced by Henrietta Yurchenco]. On Indian Music of Mexico, Track Number 9 [CD] (Smithsonian Folkways Recordings/Folkways Records FW04413/FE 4413, 1952). 34 01 Unstructured citation 124 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Yaqui—Deer Dance’ [Produced by Henrietta Yurchenco]. On Indian Music of Mexico, Track Number 8 [CD] (Smithsonian Folkways Recordings/Folkways Records FW04413/FE 4413, 1952). 34 01 Unstructured citation 125 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Wolf Dance’ [Liner notes and production by Ida Halpern]. On Nootka Indian Music of the Pacific North West Coast, Disc 2, Track Number 2 [CD] (Smithsonian Folkways Recordings/Folkways Records FW04524/FE 4524, 1974). WORLD 09 Open Book Publishers 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this product https://www.openbookpublishers.com/books/10.11647/obp.0403/chapters/10.11647/obp.0403.08 29 Publisher's website: download the title https://books.openbookpublishers.com/10.11647/obp.0403/ch8.xhtml 20 08 20240628 01