Thoth distribution@thoth.pub 20260221T065818

urn:uuid:1e079c19-80d0-4d67-a708-233f8ceccb9e 03 01 01 thoth-work-id urn:uuid:6a525d5f-db5b-44ce-8282-1dbc6a23a41c 01 thoth-publication-id urn:uuid:1e079c19-80d0-4d67-a708-233f8ceccb9e 15 9781928424703 06 10.18820/9781928424710 00 BC 10 01 245 mm 01 24.5 cm 01 9.65 in 02 170 mm 02 17 cm 02 6.69 in Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 01 01 Churches in the mirror Developing contemporary ecclesiologies 1 A01 21 0000-0001-9416-3924 Chris Hermans Chris Hermans Radboud University Nijmegen ProfessorPractical Theology and Empirical Study of Religion 2 A01 21 0000-0002-0550-182X Stephan Joubert Stephan Joubert 40 009xwd568 University of the Free State Extraordinary ProfessorContemporary Ecclesiology in the Department of Practical and Missional Theology 3 B01 21 0000-0003-2454-9658 Kobus Schoeman Kobus Schoeman 40 009xwd568 University of the Free State Professor: Practical and Missional TheologyFaculty of Theology and Religion 4 A01 21 0000-0002-4240-1991 Martin Laubscher Martin Laubscher 40 009xwd568 University of the Free State Homiletics and LiturgyFaculty of Theology and Religion 5 A01 Marelize Maritz Marelize Maritz 40 009xwd568 University of the Free State DTh StudentPractical Theology at the Faculty of Theology and Religion 6 A01 21 0000-0003-0007-8564 Ian Nell Ian Nell 40 05bk57929 Stellenbosch University Professor of Practical TheologyFaculty of Theology 7 A01 21 0000-0001-5105-2650 Joseph Pali Joseph Pali 40 009xwd568 University of the Free State Lecturer in Practical Theology 8 A01 Dieter Praas Dieter Praas Pastoral Worker 9 A01 21 0000-0001-7652-8213 Michael Scherer-Rath Michael Scherer-Rath Radboud University Nijmegen Associate Professor of Empirical and Practical Religious Studies 10 A01 21 0000-0002-4570-2933 Roger Tucker Roger Tucker Emeritus Minister 11 A01 Steyn Venter Steyn Venter 40 009xwd568 University of the Free State Research Fellow at the Department of Practical and Missional Theology 12 A01 21 0000-0002-4206-9685 Pieter Verster Pieter Verster 40 009xwd568 University of the Free State Research Fellow at the Department of Practical and Missional Theology 01 eng 00 307 03 20 church 20 church 20 congregations 20 denominational perspective 20 Dutch Reformed Church 20 ecclesiology 20 faith communities 20 missio dei 10 REL067050 20 spitiual 20 the Jesus walk 20 theology 93 YPJN 01 06 02 00 Ecclesiology is the study of the church and has two focal points; the one is the historical and doctrinal perspective on the church, and the other is the church as situated in a local context in the sense of the local practices of actual congregations. 03 00 Ecclesiology is the study of the church and has two focal points; the one is the historical and doctrinal perspective on the church, and the other is the church as situated in a local context in the sense of the local practices of actual congregations. The ecclesiology or, more correctly, the ecclesiologies of this volume mainly focuses on the second aspect, i.e., understanding the local congregation or parish as a community of believers. A congregation may firstly be described by posing a theological question: What is the local missional church or congregation all about? This question may be answered from different perspectives, but it remains essential to answer it from a theological perspective. The first five chapters in this book focus mainly on a theological understanding of the congregation. This is done from different disciplines within the study field of theology. Congregations are, secondly, social realities and should be described and analysed through an analytical or empirical lens, or, to answer the question attached to the first empirical-descriptive task of practical theology, “What is going on?”. The remaining chapters use a quantitative and qualitative lens and give an empirical analysis of the congregation. The intention is to critically reflect on the church and congregations’ ecclesiology from a theological and analytical perspective with an emphasis on the South African context. It wants to map markers for the development of contemporary ecclesiologies, and the different chapters are meant as mirrors to look in and reflect on the theological and contextual relevance of denominations and congregations in South Africa. 30 00 Ecclesiology is the study of the church and has two focal points; the one is the historical and doctrinal perspective on the church, and the other is the church as situated in a local context in the sense of the local practices of actual congregations. The ecclesiology or, more correctly, the ecclesiologies of this volume mainly focuses on the second aspect, i.e., understanding the local congregation or parish as a community of believers. A congregation may firstly be described by posing a theological question: What is the local missional church or congregation all about? This question may be answered from different perspectives, but it remains essential to answer it from a theological perspective. The first five chapters in this book focus mainly on a theological understanding of the congregation. This is done from different disciplines within the study field of theology. Congregations are, secondly, social realities and should be described and analysed through an analytical or empirical lens, or, to answer the question attached to the first empirical-descriptive task of practical theology, “What is going on?”. The remaining chapters use a quantitative and qualitative lens and give an empirical analysis of the congregation. The intention is to critically reflect on the church and congregations’ ecclesiology from a theological and analytical perspective with an emphasis on the South African context. It wants to map markers for the development of contemporary ecclesiologies, and the different chapters are meant as mirrors to look in and reflect on the theological and contextual relevance of denominations and congregations in South Africa. 04 00 Introduction Kobus Schoeman 1. The local church and the quality narrative identity of ecclesiology in a Ricoeurian perspective Chris Hermans, Dieter Praas, Michael Scherer-Rath 2. Missional ecclesiology “after Barth”? Martin Laubscher 3. The “Jesus walk” as a normative paradigm for the church The missio Christi in Mark Stephan Joubert 4. Ecclesiologies of congregations in informal settlements An evaluation Pieter Verster 5. Developing contemporary ecclesiologies Kobus Schoeman 6. An empirical exploration of the missional ecclesiology of congregations in the Dutch Reformed Church Kobus Schoeman 7. From maintenance to mission? Maintaining mission – towards an integrated approach Ian Nell 8. The South African Church Life Survey 2014 An exploration of congregational health Kobus Schoeman 9. An investigation into the connection between faith convictions and community involvement in eight congregations in the Johannesburg/ Tshwane conurbation Roger Tucker 10. Ecclesiology and congregational life Congregations of the SDAC in the Free State Kobus Schoeman, Steyn Venter 11. Markers for a contemporary ecclesiology An African denominational perspective Kobus Schoeman, Joseph Pali 12. The Ebenhaeser congregation and community Appreciating its history to build a new identity Kobus Schoeman, Marelize Maritz 13. Developing innovative missional congregations anchored in a Trinitarian theology in a Southern African denomination A case study Roger Tucker 20 00 Open Access 01 00 03 02 https://books.ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/10.18820/9781928424710_frontcover.jpg SunBonani Scholar 01 URL https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog 01 UJ Press 01 Publisher's website: home page https://ujpress.uj.ac.za/ 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/50 Johanessburg 04 01 20220211 Kobus (W.J.) Schoeman 02 WORLD 06 15 9781928424710 WORLD 09 UJ Press 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this product https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/50 29 Publisher's website: download the title https://www.takealot.com/churches-in-the-mirror-volume-4/PLID71786074 20 08 20220211 01 urn:uuid:a2142b60-36ce-4620-8562-0eedb221596b 03 01 01 thoth-work-id urn:uuid:6a525d5f-db5b-44ce-8282-1dbc6a23a41c 01 thoth-publication-id urn:uuid:a2142b60-36ce-4620-8562-0eedb221596b 15 9781928424710 06 10.18820/9781928424710 00 EB E107 10 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 01 01 Churches in the mirror Developing contemporary ecclesiologies 1 A01 21 0000-0001-9416-3924 Chris Hermans Chris Hermans Radboud University Nijmegen ProfessorPractical Theology and Empirical Study of Religion 2 A01 21 0000-0002-0550-182X Stephan Joubert Stephan Joubert 40 009xwd568 University of the Free State Extraordinary ProfessorContemporary Ecclesiology in the Department of Practical and Missional Theology 3 B01 21 0000-0003-2454-9658 Kobus Schoeman Kobus Schoeman 40 009xwd568 University of the Free State Professor: Practical and Missional TheologyFaculty of Theology and Religion 4 A01 21 0000-0002-4240-1991 Martin Laubscher Martin Laubscher 40 009xwd568 University of the Free State Homiletics and LiturgyFaculty of Theology and Religion 5 A01 Marelize Maritz Marelize Maritz 40 009xwd568 University of the Free State DTh StudentPractical Theology at the Faculty of Theology and Religion 6 A01 21 0000-0003-0007-8564 Ian Nell Ian Nell 40 05bk57929 Stellenbosch University Professor of Practical TheologyFaculty of Theology 7 A01 21 0000-0001-5105-2650 Joseph Pali Joseph Pali 40 009xwd568 University of the Free State Lecturer in Practical Theology 8 A01 Dieter Praas Dieter Praas Pastoral Worker 9 A01 21 0000-0001-7652-8213 Michael Scherer-Rath Michael Scherer-Rath Radboud University Nijmegen Associate Professor of Empirical and Practical Religious Studies 10 A01 21 0000-0002-4570-2933 Roger Tucker Roger Tucker Emeritus Minister 11 A01 Steyn Venter Steyn Venter 40 009xwd568 University of the Free State Research Fellow at the Department of Practical and Missional Theology 12 A01 21 0000-0002-4206-9685 Pieter Verster Pieter Verster 40 009xwd568 University of the Free State Research Fellow at the Department of Practical and Missional Theology 01 eng 00 307 03 20 church 20 church 20 congregations 20 denominational perspective 20 Dutch Reformed Church 20 ecclesiology 20 faith communities 20 missio dei 10 REL067050 20 spitiual 20 the Jesus walk 20 theology 93 YPJN 01 06 02 00 Ecclesiology is the study of the church and has two focal points; the one is the historical and doctrinal perspective on the church, and the other is the church as situated in a local context in the sense of the local practices of actual congregations. 03 00 Ecclesiology is the study of the church and has two focal points; the one is the historical and doctrinal perspective on the church, and the other is the church as situated in a local context in the sense of the local practices of actual congregations. The ecclesiology or, more correctly, the ecclesiologies of this volume mainly focuses on the second aspect, i.e., understanding the local congregation or parish as a community of believers. A congregation may firstly be described by posing a theological question: What is the local missional church or congregation all about? This question may be answered from different perspectives, but it remains essential to answer it from a theological perspective. The first five chapters in this book focus mainly on a theological understanding of the congregation. This is done from different disciplines within the study field of theology. Congregations are, secondly, social realities and should be described and analysed through an analytical or empirical lens, or, to answer the question attached to the first empirical-descriptive task of practical theology, “What is going on?”. The remaining chapters use a quantitative and qualitative lens and give an empirical analysis of the congregation. The intention is to critically reflect on the church and congregations’ ecclesiology from a theological and analytical perspective with an emphasis on the South African context. It wants to map markers for the development of contemporary ecclesiologies, and the different chapters are meant as mirrors to look in and reflect on the theological and contextual relevance of denominations and congregations in South Africa. 30 00 Ecclesiology is the study of the church and has two focal points; the one is the historical and doctrinal perspective on the church, and the other is the church as situated in a local context in the sense of the local practices of actual congregations. The ecclesiology or, more correctly, the ecclesiologies of this volume mainly focuses on the second aspect, i.e., understanding the local congregation or parish as a community of believers. A congregation may firstly be described by posing a theological question: What is the local missional church or congregation all about? This question may be answered from different perspectives, but it remains essential to answer it from a theological perspective. The first five chapters in this book focus mainly on a theological understanding of the congregation. This is done from different disciplines within the study field of theology. Congregations are, secondly, social realities and should be described and analysed through an analytical or empirical lens, or, to answer the question attached to the first empirical-descriptive task of practical theology, “What is going on?”. The remaining chapters use a quantitative and qualitative lens and give an empirical analysis of the congregation. The intention is to critically reflect on the church and congregations’ ecclesiology from a theological and analytical perspective with an emphasis on the South African context. It wants to map markers for the development of contemporary ecclesiologies, and the different chapters are meant as mirrors to look in and reflect on the theological and contextual relevance of denominations and congregations in South Africa. 04 00 Introduction Kobus Schoeman 1. The local church and the quality narrative identity of ecclesiology in a Ricoeurian perspective Chris Hermans, Dieter Praas, Michael Scherer-Rath 2. Missional ecclesiology “after Barth”? Martin Laubscher 3. The “Jesus walk” as a normative paradigm for the church The missio Christi in Mark Stephan Joubert 4. Ecclesiologies of congregations in informal settlements An evaluation Pieter Verster 5. Developing contemporary ecclesiologies Kobus Schoeman 6. An empirical exploration of the missional ecclesiology of congregations in the Dutch Reformed Church Kobus Schoeman 7. From maintenance to mission? Maintaining mission – towards an integrated approach Ian Nell 8. The South African Church Life Survey 2014 An exploration of congregational health Kobus Schoeman 9. An investigation into the connection between faith convictions and community involvement in eight congregations in the Johannesburg/ Tshwane conurbation Roger Tucker 10. Ecclesiology and congregational life Congregations of the SDAC in the Free State Kobus Schoeman, Steyn Venter 11. Markers for a contemporary ecclesiology An African denominational perspective Kobus Schoeman, Joseph Pali 12. The Ebenhaeser congregation and community Appreciating its history to build a new identity Kobus Schoeman, Marelize Maritz 13. Developing innovative missional congregations anchored in a Trinitarian theology in a Southern African denomination A case study Roger Tucker 20 00 Open Access 01 00 03 02 https://books.ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/10.18820/9781928424710_frontcover.jpg SunBonani Scholar 01 URL https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog 01 UJ Press 01 Publisher's website: home page https://ujpress.uj.ac.za/ 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/50 Johanessburg 04 01 20220211 Kobus (W.J.) Schoeman 02 WORLD 06 15 9781928424703 WORLD 11 OAPEN 36 OAPEN: webpage for this product https://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/59091 29 OAPEN: download the title https://library.oapen.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.12657/59091/9781928424710.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y 20 08 20220211 01 11 DOAB 36 DOAB: webpage for this product https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/93320 20 08 20220211 01 09 UJ Press 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this product https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/50 29 Publisher's website: download the title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/view/50/94/296 20 08 20220211 01 11 THOTH 36 THOTH: webpage for this product https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/50 29 THOTH: download the title https://books.ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/10.18820/9781928424710.pdf 20 08 20220211 01 urn:uuid:c946bef9-73b7-418b-8f89-aef5f3cb7025 03 01 01 thoth-work-id urn:uuid:343f042c-e795-4925-9410-4c7f7e2b8e69 01 thoth-publication-id urn:uuid:c946bef9-73b7-418b-8f89-aef5f3cb7025 15 9781776419418 06 10.36615/9781776419425 00 BC 10 01 220 mm 01 22 cm 01 8.66 in 02 155 mm 02 15.5 cm 02 6.1 in 03 3 mm 03 0.3 cm 03 0.12 in Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 01 01 COJ Senior Citizens Write! An anthology of short stories written by senior citizens, through a digital literacy programme 1 B01 Jeff Nyoka Jeff Nyoka 2 A01 Nobuntu Mpendulo Nobuntu Mpendulo 3 A01 Sibongile Ellen Malinga Sibongile Ellen Malinga 4 A01 Zadidi Augusta Mbangeni Zadidi Augusta Mbangeni 5 A01 Caroline Nkhato Caroline Nkhato 01 eng 00 58 03 20 City of Johannesburg 20 City of Johannesburg Libraries 93 CJB 20 Digital Literacy 10 EDU018000 20 Senior Citizens 20 Short Stories 01 06 02 00 City of Joburg Senior Citizens Write is a collection of short stories written by Senior Citizens and adults who participated in the digital literacy and creative writing program that was introduced in 2018 at Murray Park Library, Johannesburg, South Africa. The first senior citizens class was held with 25 senior citizens. 03 00 City of Joburg Senior Citizens Write is a collection of short stories written by Senior Citizens and adults who participated in the digital literacy and creative writing program that was introduced in 2018 at Murray Park Library, Johannesburg, South Africa. The first senior citizens class was held with 25 senior citizens. This digital literacy program was conducted through a concept of mobile e-classrooms where laptops were transported and assembled once a week inside the library study area, for computer lessons to be held. Mobile e-classrooms enable under-sourced libraries to also empower communities with digital skills. The first phase of the training was to introduce them to basic computer skills, including typing. The second phase was to introduce them to creative writing and encourage them to write stories about their lives using the typing skills they learned. They did not follow any rules or guidelines, these personal stories were written from the heart, hence some of them are longer than the others with different topics. This book demonstrates the commitment of the City of Johannesburg Libraries to empowering communities of all ages, including the marginalized, by giving them voices through reading and writing and by developing smart citizenry through digital literacy. View the launch here: "https://fb.watch/gWW8quHC_L/"https://fb.watch/gWW8quHC_L/ 30 00 City of Joburg Senior Citizens Write is a collection of short stories written by Senior Citizens and adults who participated in the digital literacy and creative writing program that was introduced in 2018 at Murray Park Library, Johannesburg, South Africa. The first senior citizens class was held with 25 senior citizens. This digital literacy program was conducted through a concept of mobile e-classrooms where laptops were transported and assembled once a week inside the library study area, for computer lessons to be held. Mobile e-classrooms enable under-sourced libraries to also empower communities with digital skills. The first phase of the training was to introduce them to basic computer skills, including typing. The second phase was to introduce them to creative writing and encourage them to write stories about their lives using the typing skills they learned. They did not follow any rules or guidelines, these personal stories were written from the heart, hence some of them are longer than the others with different topics. This book demonstrates the commitment of the City of Johannesburg Libraries to empowering communities of all ages, including the marginalized, by giving them voices through reading and writing and by developing smart citizenry through digital literacy. View the launch here: "https://fb.watch/gWW8quHC_L/"https://fb.watch/gWW8quHC_L/ 04 00 Foreword Nobuntu Mpendulo The Journey of a Purposeful Life Sibongile Ellen Malinga Ukukhula kwami Emakhaya Zadidi Augusta Mbangeni Growing up in the Eastern Cape Zadidi Augusta Mbangeni My Short Story Caroline Nkhato The Little Girl Elisa Impilo Yokuhlukumezwa Emshadweni Elizabeth Khamanga Zulu A Life of Marital Abuse Elizabeth Khamanga Zulu Ukulimala kwami isingesanzi Funani Mpeyi How I lost my ability to walk Funani Mpeyi Ukuboshwa Kwami Amaphoyisa Obandlululo Gladys Mkhobo I was arrested by the Apartheid Police Gladys Mkhobo My Story Victoria Ludonga Ngikhule Ngesikhathi Sobandlululo Sizani Ngobese Growing up in an Apartheid era Sizani Ngobese 20 00 Open Access 01 00 03 02 https://books.ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/10.36615/9781776419425_frontcover.jpg Hoopoe Press 01 URL https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/series/hoopoe 01 UJ Press 01 Publisher's website: home page https://ujpress.uj.ac.za/ 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/133 Johannesburg 04 01 20221026 Jeff Nyoka 02 WORLD 06 15 9781776419425 06 15 9781776419449 06 15 9781776419432 WORLD 09 UJ Press 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this product https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/133 29 Publisher's website: download the title https://www.takealot.com/coj-senior-citizens-write/PLID91716210 20 08 20221026 02 150.00 ZAR WORLD urn:uuid:f661fe83-a38e-407d-9565-f6301c7a1eaa 03 01 01 thoth-work-id urn:uuid:343f042c-e795-4925-9410-4c7f7e2b8e69 01 thoth-publication-id urn:uuid:f661fe83-a38e-407d-9565-f6301c7a1eaa 15 9781776419425 06 10.36615/9781776419425 00 EB E107 10 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 01 01 COJ Senior Citizens Write! An anthology of short stories written by senior citizens, through a digital literacy programme 1 B01 Jeff Nyoka Jeff Nyoka 2 A01 Nobuntu Mpendulo Nobuntu Mpendulo 3 A01 Sibongile Ellen Malinga Sibongile Ellen Malinga 4 A01 Zadidi Augusta Mbangeni Zadidi Augusta Mbangeni 5 A01 Caroline Nkhato Caroline Nkhato 01 eng 00 58 03 20 City of Johannesburg 20 City of Johannesburg Libraries 93 CJB 20 Digital Literacy 10 EDU018000 20 Senior Citizens 20 Short Stories 01 06 02 00 City of Joburg Senior Citizens Write is a collection of short stories written by Senior Citizens and adults who participated in the digital literacy and creative writing program that was introduced in 2018 at Murray Park Library, Johannesburg, South Africa. The first senior citizens class was held with 25 senior citizens. 03 00 City of Joburg Senior Citizens Write is a collection of short stories written by Senior Citizens and adults who participated in the digital literacy and creative writing program that was introduced in 2018 at Murray Park Library, Johannesburg, South Africa. The first senior citizens class was held with 25 senior citizens. This digital literacy program was conducted through a concept of mobile e-classrooms where laptops were transported and assembled once a week inside the library study area, for computer lessons to be held. Mobile e-classrooms enable under-sourced libraries to also empower communities with digital skills. The first phase of the training was to introduce them to basic computer skills, including typing. The second phase was to introduce them to creative writing and encourage them to write stories about their lives using the typing skills they learned. They did not follow any rules or guidelines, these personal stories were written from the heart, hence some of them are longer than the others with different topics. This book demonstrates the commitment of the City of Johannesburg Libraries to empowering communities of all ages, including the marginalized, by giving them voices through reading and writing and by developing smart citizenry through digital literacy. View the launch here: "https://fb.watch/gWW8quHC_L/"https://fb.watch/gWW8quHC_L/ 30 00 City of Joburg Senior Citizens Write is a collection of short stories written by Senior Citizens and adults who participated in the digital literacy and creative writing program that was introduced in 2018 at Murray Park Library, Johannesburg, South Africa. The first senior citizens class was held with 25 senior citizens. This digital literacy program was conducted through a concept of mobile e-classrooms where laptops were transported and assembled once a week inside the library study area, for computer lessons to be held. Mobile e-classrooms enable under-sourced libraries to also empower communities with digital skills. The first phase of the training was to introduce them to basic computer skills, including typing. The second phase was to introduce them to creative writing and encourage them to write stories about their lives using the typing skills they learned. They did not follow any rules or guidelines, these personal stories were written from the heart, hence some of them are longer than the others with different topics. This book demonstrates the commitment of the City of Johannesburg Libraries to empowering communities of all ages, including the marginalized, by giving them voices through reading and writing and by developing smart citizenry through digital literacy. View the launch here: "https://fb.watch/gWW8quHC_L/"https://fb.watch/gWW8quHC_L/ 04 00 Foreword Nobuntu Mpendulo The Journey of a Purposeful Life Sibongile Ellen Malinga Ukukhula kwami Emakhaya Zadidi Augusta Mbangeni Growing up in the Eastern Cape Zadidi Augusta Mbangeni My Short Story Caroline Nkhato The Little Girl Elisa Impilo Yokuhlukumezwa Emshadweni Elizabeth Khamanga Zulu A Life of Marital Abuse Elizabeth Khamanga Zulu Ukulimala kwami isingesanzi Funani Mpeyi How I lost my ability to walk Funani Mpeyi Ukuboshwa Kwami Amaphoyisa Obandlululo Gladys Mkhobo I was arrested by the Apartheid Police Gladys Mkhobo My Story Victoria Ludonga Ngikhule Ngesikhathi Sobandlululo Sizani Ngobese Growing up in an Apartheid era Sizani Ngobese 20 00 Open Access 01 00 03 02 https://books.ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/10.36615/9781776419425_frontcover.jpg Hoopoe Press 01 URL https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/series/hoopoe 01 UJ Press 01 Publisher's website: home page https://ujpress.uj.ac.za/ 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/133 Johannesburg 04 01 20221026 Jeff Nyoka 02 WORLD 06 15 9781776419418 06 15 9781776419449 06 15 9781776419432 WORLD 09 UJ Press 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this product https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/133 29 Publisher's website: download the title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/view/133/274/926 20 08 20221026 01 11 THOTH 36 THOTH: webpage for this product https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/133 29 THOTH: download the title https://books.ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/10.36615/9781776419425.pdf 20 08 20221026 01 urn:uuid:7e2a9266-6c01-4da5-b376-8cc53ec75fb0 03 01 01 thoth-work-id urn:uuid:343f042c-e795-4925-9410-4c7f7e2b8e69 01 thoth-publication-id urn:uuid:7e2a9266-6c01-4da5-b376-8cc53ec75fb0 15 9781776419449 06 10.36615/9781776419425 00 EB E113 10 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 01 01 COJ Senior Citizens Write! An anthology of short stories written by senior citizens, through a digital literacy programme 1 B01 Jeff Nyoka Jeff Nyoka 2 A01 Nobuntu Mpendulo Nobuntu Mpendulo 3 A01 Sibongile Ellen Malinga Sibongile Ellen Malinga 4 A01 Zadidi Augusta Mbangeni Zadidi Augusta Mbangeni 5 A01 Caroline Nkhato Caroline Nkhato 01 eng 00 58 03 20 City of Johannesburg 20 City of Johannesburg Libraries 93 CJB 20 Digital Literacy 10 EDU018000 20 Senior Citizens 20 Short Stories 01 06 02 00 City of Joburg Senior Citizens Write is a collection of short stories written by Senior Citizens and adults who participated in the digital literacy and creative writing program that was introduced in 2018 at Murray Park Library, Johannesburg, South Africa. The first senior citizens class was held with 25 senior citizens. 03 00 City of Joburg Senior Citizens Write is a collection of short stories written by Senior Citizens and adults who participated in the digital literacy and creative writing program that was introduced in 2018 at Murray Park Library, Johannesburg, South Africa. The first senior citizens class was held with 25 senior citizens. This digital literacy program was conducted through a concept of mobile e-classrooms where laptops were transported and assembled once a week inside the library study area, for computer lessons to be held. Mobile e-classrooms enable under-sourced libraries to also empower communities with digital skills. The first phase of the training was to introduce them to basic computer skills, including typing. The second phase was to introduce them to creative writing and encourage them to write stories about their lives using the typing skills they learned. They did not follow any rules or guidelines, these personal stories were written from the heart, hence some of them are longer than the others with different topics. This book demonstrates the commitment of the City of Johannesburg Libraries to empowering communities of all ages, including the marginalized, by giving them voices through reading and writing and by developing smart citizenry through digital literacy. View the launch here: "https://fb.watch/gWW8quHC_L/"https://fb.watch/gWW8quHC_L/ 30 00 City of Joburg Senior Citizens Write is a collection of short stories written by Senior Citizens and adults who participated in the digital literacy and creative writing program that was introduced in 2018 at Murray Park Library, Johannesburg, South Africa. The first senior citizens class was held with 25 senior citizens. This digital literacy program was conducted through a concept of mobile e-classrooms where laptops were transported and assembled once a week inside the library study area, for computer lessons to be held. Mobile e-classrooms enable under-sourced libraries to also empower communities with digital skills. The first phase of the training was to introduce them to basic computer skills, including typing. The second phase was to introduce them to creative writing and encourage them to write stories about their lives using the typing skills they learned. They did not follow any rules or guidelines, these personal stories were written from the heart, hence some of them are longer than the others with different topics. This book demonstrates the commitment of the City of Johannesburg Libraries to empowering communities of all ages, including the marginalized, by giving them voices through reading and writing and by developing smart citizenry through digital literacy. View the launch here: "https://fb.watch/gWW8quHC_L/"https://fb.watch/gWW8quHC_L/ 04 00 Foreword Nobuntu Mpendulo The Journey of a Purposeful Life Sibongile Ellen Malinga Ukukhula kwami Emakhaya Zadidi Augusta Mbangeni Growing up in the Eastern Cape Zadidi Augusta Mbangeni My Short Story Caroline Nkhato The Little Girl Elisa Impilo Yokuhlukumezwa Emshadweni Elizabeth Khamanga Zulu A Life of Marital Abuse Elizabeth Khamanga Zulu Ukulimala kwami isingesanzi Funani Mpeyi How I lost my ability to walk Funani Mpeyi Ukuboshwa Kwami Amaphoyisa Obandlululo Gladys Mkhobo I was arrested by the Apartheid Police Gladys Mkhobo My Story Victoria Ludonga Ngikhule Ngesikhathi Sobandlululo Sizani Ngobese Growing up in an Apartheid era Sizani Ngobese 20 00 Open Access 01 00 03 02 https://books.ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/10.36615/9781776419425_frontcover.jpg Hoopoe Press 01 URL https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/series/hoopoe 01 UJ Press 01 Publisher's website: home page https://ujpress.uj.ac.za/ 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/133 Johannesburg 04 01 20221026 Jeff Nyoka 02 WORLD 06 15 9781776419418 06 15 9781776419425 06 15 9781776419432 WORLD 09 UJ Press 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this product https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/133 29 Publisher's website: download the title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/view/133/277/933 20 08 20221026 01 urn:uuid:aba9c043-ac19-4f9a-8fa8-c1c7369a719d 03 01 01 thoth-work-id urn:uuid:343f042c-e795-4925-9410-4c7f7e2b8e69 01 thoth-publication-id urn:uuid:aba9c043-ac19-4f9a-8fa8-c1c7369a719d 15 9781776419432 06 10.36615/9781776419425 00 EB E101 10 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 01 01 COJ Senior Citizens Write! An anthology of short stories written by senior citizens, through a digital literacy programme 1 B01 Jeff Nyoka Jeff Nyoka 2 A01 Nobuntu Mpendulo Nobuntu Mpendulo 3 A01 Sibongile Ellen Malinga Sibongile Ellen Malinga 4 A01 Zadidi Augusta Mbangeni Zadidi Augusta Mbangeni 5 A01 Caroline Nkhato Caroline Nkhato 01 eng 00 58 03 20 City of Johannesburg 20 City of Johannesburg Libraries 93 CJB 20 Digital Literacy 10 EDU018000 20 Senior Citizens 20 Short Stories 01 06 02 00 City of Joburg Senior Citizens Write is a collection of short stories written by Senior Citizens and adults who participated in the digital literacy and creative writing program that was introduced in 2018 at Murray Park Library, Johannesburg, South Africa. The first senior citizens class was held with 25 senior citizens. 03 00 City of Joburg Senior Citizens Write is a collection of short stories written by Senior Citizens and adults who participated in the digital literacy and creative writing program that was introduced in 2018 at Murray Park Library, Johannesburg, South Africa. The first senior citizens class was held with 25 senior citizens. This digital literacy program was conducted through a concept of mobile e-classrooms where laptops were transported and assembled once a week inside the library study area, for computer lessons to be held. Mobile e-classrooms enable under-sourced libraries to also empower communities with digital skills. The first phase of the training was to introduce them to basic computer skills, including typing. The second phase was to introduce them to creative writing and encourage them to write stories about their lives using the typing skills they learned. They did not follow any rules or guidelines, these personal stories were written from the heart, hence some of them are longer than the others with different topics. This book demonstrates the commitment of the City of Johannesburg Libraries to empowering communities of all ages, including the marginalized, by giving them voices through reading and writing and by developing smart citizenry through digital literacy. View the launch here: "https://fb.watch/gWW8quHC_L/"https://fb.watch/gWW8quHC_L/ 30 00 City of Joburg Senior Citizens Write is a collection of short stories written by Senior Citizens and adults who participated in the digital literacy and creative writing program that was introduced in 2018 at Murray Park Library, Johannesburg, South Africa. The first senior citizens class was held with 25 senior citizens. This digital literacy program was conducted through a concept of mobile e-classrooms where laptops were transported and assembled once a week inside the library study area, for computer lessons to be held. Mobile e-classrooms enable under-sourced libraries to also empower communities with digital skills. The first phase of the training was to introduce them to basic computer skills, including typing. The second phase was to introduce them to creative writing and encourage them to write stories about their lives using the typing skills they learned. They did not follow any rules or guidelines, these personal stories were written from the heart, hence some of them are longer than the others with different topics. This book demonstrates the commitment of the City of Johannesburg Libraries to empowering communities of all ages, including the marginalized, by giving them voices through reading and writing and by developing smart citizenry through digital literacy. View the launch here: "https://fb.watch/gWW8quHC_L/"https://fb.watch/gWW8quHC_L/ 04 00 Foreword Nobuntu Mpendulo The Journey of a Purposeful Life Sibongile Ellen Malinga Ukukhula kwami Emakhaya Zadidi Augusta Mbangeni Growing up in the Eastern Cape Zadidi Augusta Mbangeni My Short Story Caroline Nkhato The Little Girl Elisa Impilo Yokuhlukumezwa Emshadweni Elizabeth Khamanga Zulu A Life of Marital Abuse Elizabeth Khamanga Zulu Ukulimala kwami isingesanzi Funani Mpeyi How I lost my ability to walk Funani Mpeyi Ukuboshwa Kwami Amaphoyisa Obandlululo Gladys Mkhobo I was arrested by the Apartheid Police Gladys Mkhobo My Story Victoria Ludonga Ngikhule Ngesikhathi Sobandlululo Sizani Ngobese Growing up in an Apartheid era Sizani Ngobese 20 00 Open Access 01 00 03 02 https://books.ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/10.36615/9781776419425_frontcover.jpg Hoopoe Press 01 URL https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/series/hoopoe 01 UJ Press 01 Publisher's website: home page https://ujpress.uj.ac.za/ 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/133 Johannesburg 04 01 20221026 Jeff Nyoka 02 WORLD 06 15 9781776419418 06 15 9781776419425 06 15 9781776419449 WORLD 09 UJ Press 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this product https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/133 29 Publisher's website: download the title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/view/133/276/928 20 08 20221026 01 urn:uuid:ecab11fa-880c-4990-9a1d-ae1b05adb8f4 03 01 01 thoth-work-id urn:uuid:1340b388-3f09-4780-a267-b11eb81fb815 01 thoth-publication-id urn:uuid:ecab11fa-880c-4990-9a1d-ae1b05adb8f4 15 9781920382964 06 10.18820/9781920382971 00 BC 10 01 225 mm 01 22.5 cm 01 8.86 in 02 175 mm 02 17.5 cm 02 6.89 in Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 01 01 Communion Ecclesiology in a Racially Polarised South Africa 1 A01 21 0000-0002-4502-4933 Kelebogile T. Resane Kelebogile T. Resane 40 009xwd568 University of the Free State Teaching and Learning ManagerFaculty of Theology and Religion 01 eng 00 285 03 20 African Independent Churches 20 Afrikaanse Christelike Studente Vereeniging 20 biblical understanding of communion 20 Charismatic 20 Christelike Studente Assosiasie 20 Church 20 Evangelical Fellowship of South Africa 20 historical roots of communion ecclesiology 20 History 20 homothymadon 20 International Pentecostal 93 QRMB 20 raditional and contemporary definitions of communion ecclesiology 10 REL067000 20 Religion 20 Theology 01 06 02 00 Communion Ecclesiology by Dr. K.T. Resane explores the concept of a communion ecclesiology in South Africa. 03 00 Communion Ecclesiology by Dr. K.T. Resane explores the concept of a communion ecclesiology in South Africa. The book provides the reader with a comprehensive overview of the concept in the Bible, in history and in different church traditions including the African Initiated Churches. The book also focuses on the different cultural groups in South Africa as they were organised within theological traditions. - Prof. S.D. Snyman, University of the Free State 30 00 Communion Ecclesiology by Dr. K.T. Resane explores the concept of a communion ecclesiology in South Africa. The book provides the reader with a comprehensive overview of the concept in the Bible, in history and in different church traditions including the African Initiated Churches. The book also focuses on the different cultural groups in South Africa as they were organised within theological traditions. - Prof. S.D. Snyman, University of the Free State 04 00 1. The biblical understanding of communion 2. The historical roots of communion ecclesiology 3. Traditional and contemporary definitions of communion ecclesiology 4. African ubuntu and communion ecclesiology 5. Building the ‘laager’ The South African Reformed theology’s journey towards the communion 6. Matlo go ša mabapi – an injury to one is an injury to all 7. The forgotten golden nuggets 8. The pastoral application of communion ecclesiology 9. Now, our eschatological journey 20 00 Open Access 01 00 03 02 https://books.ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/10.18820/9781920382971_frontcover.jpg SunBonani Scholar 01 URL https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog 01 UJ Press 01 Publisher's website: home page https://ujpress.uj.ac.za/ 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/41 Johannesburg 04 01 20170701 Kelebogile T. Resane 02 WORLD 06 15 9781920382971 WORLD 09 UJ Press 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this product https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/41 29 Publisher's website: download the title https://www.takealot.com/communion-ecclesiology-in-a-racially-polarised-south-africa/PLID47801043 20 08 20170701 02 375.00 ZAR WORLD urn:uuid:19202beb-5df1-4a39-86c9-778461d7e33c 03 01 01 thoth-work-id urn:uuid:1340b388-3f09-4780-a267-b11eb81fb815 01 thoth-publication-id urn:uuid:19202beb-5df1-4a39-86c9-778461d7e33c 15 9781920382971 06 10.18820/9781920382971 00 EB E107 10 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 01 01 Communion Ecclesiology in a Racially Polarised South Africa 1 A01 21 0000-0002-4502-4933 Kelebogile T. Resane Kelebogile T. Resane 40 009xwd568 University of the Free State Teaching and Learning ManagerFaculty of Theology and Religion 01 eng 00 285 03 20 African Independent Churches 20 Afrikaanse Christelike Studente Vereeniging 20 biblical understanding of communion 20 Charismatic 20 Christelike Studente Assosiasie 20 Church 20 Evangelical Fellowship of South Africa 20 historical roots of communion ecclesiology 20 History 20 homothymadon 20 International Pentecostal 93 QRMB 20 raditional and contemporary definitions of communion ecclesiology 10 REL067000 20 Religion 20 Theology 01 06 02 00 Communion Ecclesiology by Dr. K.T. Resane explores the concept of a communion ecclesiology in South Africa. 03 00 Communion Ecclesiology by Dr. K.T. Resane explores the concept of a communion ecclesiology in South Africa. The book provides the reader with a comprehensive overview of the concept in the Bible, in history and in different church traditions including the African Initiated Churches. The book also focuses on the different cultural groups in South Africa as they were organised within theological traditions. - Prof. S.D. Snyman, University of the Free State 30 00 Communion Ecclesiology by Dr. K.T. Resane explores the concept of a communion ecclesiology in South Africa. The book provides the reader with a comprehensive overview of the concept in the Bible, in history and in different church traditions including the African Initiated Churches. The book also focuses on the different cultural groups in South Africa as they were organised within theological traditions. - Prof. S.D. Snyman, University of the Free State 04 00 1. The biblical understanding of communion 2. The historical roots of communion ecclesiology 3. Traditional and contemporary definitions of communion ecclesiology 4. African ubuntu and communion ecclesiology 5. Building the ‘laager’ The South African Reformed theology’s journey towards the communion 6. Matlo go ša mabapi – an injury to one is an injury to all 7. The forgotten golden nuggets 8. The pastoral application of communion ecclesiology 9. Now, our eschatological journey 20 00 Open Access 01 00 03 02 https://books.ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/10.18820/9781920382971_frontcover.jpg SunBonani Scholar 01 URL https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog 01 UJ Press 01 Publisher's website: home page https://ujpress.uj.ac.za/ 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/41 Johannesburg 04 01 20170701 Kelebogile T. Resane 02 WORLD 06 15 9781920382964 WORLD 11 DOAB 36 DOAB: webpage for this product https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/96062 20 08 20170701 01 09 UJ Press 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this product https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/41 29 Publisher's website: download the title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/view/41/384/1352 20 08 20170701 01 11 THOTH 36 THOTH: webpage for this product https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/41 29 THOTH: download the title https://books.ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/10.18820/9781920382971.pdf 20 08 20170701 01 urn:uuid:5d2c2c07-d562-4b4d-937c-7dc0e979aebc 03 01 01 thoth-work-id urn:uuid:e543a077-8059-431b-9148-7cb01da8c6c2 01 thoth-publication-id urn:uuid:5d2c2c07-d562-4b4d-937c-7dc0e979aebc 15 9781928424383 06 10.18820/9781928424390 00 BC 10 01 245 mm 01 24.5 cm 01 9.65 in 02 175 mm 02 17.5 cm 02 6.89 in Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 01 01 Companies Act No 31 of 1909 1 A01 21 0000-0002-2890-9350 Neels Kilian Neels Kilian 40 010f1sq29 North-West University 01 eng 00 171 03 B2 Company law B2 Law 10 LAW022000 B2 Laws of specific jurisdictions 93 LNCD 01 06 02 00 03 00 The 1909 Companies Act was known as the “Transvaal Act”. After South Africa was established as a Union, each province had its own Companies Act. There is no indication that the 1909 Act was amended on provincial level. Later on, a new Act was written, namely the “1926 Companies Act”, and it was based upon the 1909 Act. Most South African textbooks cite only the 1926 and 1973 Companies Act, without any reference to the 1909 Act. This historic legislation is however relevant to fully understand the background to South African company law. Furthermore, the 1909 Act contains more than 26 definitions, such as: a special resolution, private company, debenture, director, share and prospectus. Most of these concepts are still relevant today, 110 years later. 30 00 The 1909 Companies Act was known as the “Transvaal Act”. After South Africa was established as a Union, each province had its own Companies Act. There is no indication that the 1909 Act was amended on provincial level. Later on, a new Act was written, namely the “1926 Companies Act”, and it was based upon the 1909 Act. Most South African textbooks cite only the 1926 and 1973 Companies Act, without any reference to the 1909 Act. This historic legislation is however relevant to fully understand the background to South African company law. Furthermore, the 1909 Act contains more than 26 definitions, such as: a special resolution, private company, debenture, director, share and prospectus. Most of these concepts are still relevant today, 110 years later. 04 00 An introduction to the characteristics of the Companies Act 31 of 1909 Companies Act no 31 of 1909 1. Constitution and Incorporation 2. Distribution and Reduction of Share Capital, Registration of Unlimited Company as Limited, and Unlimited Liability of Directors 3. Management and Administration 4. Winding-up 5. Foreign Companies 6. Application of Act 7. Winding-up of unregistered companies 8. Miscellaneous provisions 20 00 Open Access 01 00 03 02 https://books.ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/10.18820/9781928424390_frontcover.jpg SunBonani Scholar 01 URL https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog 01 UJ Press 01 Publisher's website: home page https://ujpress.uj.ac.za/ 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/115 Johannesburg 04 01 20191201 Neels Kilian 02 WORLD 06 15 9781928424390 WORLD 09 UJ Press 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this product https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/115 29 Publisher's website: download the title https://www.takealot.com/companies-act-no-31-of-1909/PLID68015714 20 08 20191201 02 385.00 ZAR WORLD urn:uuid:f3b6ee14-3c0e-4bbd-b4be-c0f481b9de48 03 01 01 thoth-work-id urn:uuid:e543a077-8059-431b-9148-7cb01da8c6c2 01 thoth-publication-id urn:uuid:f3b6ee14-3c0e-4bbd-b4be-c0f481b9de48 15 9781928424390 06 10.18820/9781928424390 00 EB E107 10 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 01 01 Companies Act No 31 of 1909 1 A01 21 0000-0002-2890-9350 Neels Kilian Neels Kilian 40 010f1sq29 North-West University 01 eng 00 171 03 B2 Company law B2 Law 10 LAW022000 B2 Laws of specific jurisdictions 93 LNCD 01 06 02 00 03 00 The 1909 Companies Act was known as the “Transvaal Act”. After South Africa was established as a Union, each province had its own Companies Act. There is no indication that the 1909 Act was amended on provincial level. Later on, a new Act was written, namely the “1926 Companies Act”, and it was based upon the 1909 Act. Most South African textbooks cite only the 1926 and 1973 Companies Act, without any reference to the 1909 Act. This historic legislation is however relevant to fully understand the background to South African company law. Furthermore, the 1909 Act contains more than 26 definitions, such as: a special resolution, private company, debenture, director, share and prospectus. Most of these concepts are still relevant today, 110 years later. 30 00 The 1909 Companies Act was known as the “Transvaal Act”. After South Africa was established as a Union, each province had its own Companies Act. There is no indication that the 1909 Act was amended on provincial level. Later on, a new Act was written, namely the “1926 Companies Act”, and it was based upon the 1909 Act. Most South African textbooks cite only the 1926 and 1973 Companies Act, without any reference to the 1909 Act. This historic legislation is however relevant to fully understand the background to South African company law. Furthermore, the 1909 Act contains more than 26 definitions, such as: a special resolution, private company, debenture, director, share and prospectus. Most of these concepts are still relevant today, 110 years later. 04 00 An introduction to the characteristics of the Companies Act 31 of 1909 Companies Act no 31 of 1909 1. Constitution and Incorporation 2. Distribution and Reduction of Share Capital, Registration of Unlimited Company as Limited, and Unlimited Liability of Directors 3. Management and Administration 4. Winding-up 5. Foreign Companies 6. Application of Act 7. Winding-up of unregistered companies 8. Miscellaneous provisions 20 00 Open Access 01 00 03 02 https://books.ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/10.18820/9781928424390_frontcover.jpg SunBonani Scholar 01 URL https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog 01 UJ Press 01 Publisher's website: home page https://ujpress.uj.ac.za/ 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/115 Johannesburg 04 01 20191201 Neels Kilian 02 WORLD 06 15 9781928424383 WORLD 11 OAPEN 36 OAPEN: webpage for this product https://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/60646 29 OAPEN: download the title https://library.oapen.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.12657/60646/document.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y 20 08 20191201 01 11 DOAB 36 DOAB: webpage for this product https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/96029 20 08 20191201 01 09 UJ Press 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this product https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/115 29 Publisher's website: download the title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/view/115/385/1353 20 08 20191201 01 11 THOTH 36 THOTH: webpage for this product https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/115 29 THOTH: download the title https://books.ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/10.18820/9781928424390.pdf 20 08 20191201 01 urn:uuid:543595ad-8ef6-40f5-95d4-2b76450651c9 03 01 01 thoth-work-id urn:uuid:72c98f16-dac4-4155-9329-1e0288896bbd 01 thoth-publication-id urn:uuid:543595ad-8ef6-40f5-95d4-2b76450651c9 15 9781928424406 06 10.18820/9781928424413 00 BC 10 01 160 mm 01 16 cm 01 6.3 in 02 105 mm 02 10.5 cm 02 4.13 in 03 5 mm 03 0.5 cm 03 0.2 in Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ 01 01 Construction Safety Pocketbook for South Africa 1 A01 Fidelis A. Emuze Fidelis A. Emuze 40 033z08192 Central University of Technology 01 eng 00 81 03 20 accident and incident reporting 10 ARC024010 20 construction safety 20 electricity on construction sites 20 emergency plan 20 first aid 20 Health and wellbeing 93 KNJC 20 management 20 personal protective equipment (PPE) 20 protection 20 risk assessmen 20 risk assessment 20 scaffolding 20 structures 20 supervision 20 worksite equipment 20 worksite rules 01 06 02 00 Construction is one of the oldest activities known to mankind, yet it is an industry where the health, safety and wellbeing of people are often at risk. 03 00 Construction is one of the oldest activities known to mankind, yet it is an industry where the health, safety and wellbeing of people are often at risk. While South African construction safety laws and regulations are up-to-date, the accidents, injuries and fatalities at construction sites remain a challenge. This pocketbook, which is based on the 2014 Construction Regulations, serves as a handy reference guide addressing the most common hazards facing construction workers. 30 00 Construction is one of the oldest activities known to mankind, yet it is an industry where the health, safety and wellbeing of people are often at risk. While South African construction safety laws and regulations are up-to-date, the accidents, injuries and fatalities at construction sites remain a challenge. This pocketbook, which is based on the 2014 Construction Regulations, serves as a handy reference guide addressing the most common hazards facing construction workers. 04 00 Introduction General Management and Supervision Fall protection and working at heights Work using a roap Underground digging Working in large areas of water Construction vehicles and moving plant Stacking and Storage Good housekeeping Welfare facilities Handling of equipment 20 00 Open Access 01 00 03 02 https://books.ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/10.18820/9781928424413_frontcover.jpg SunBonani Scholar 01 URL https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog 01 UJ Press 01 Publisher's website: home page https://ujpress.uj.ac.za/ 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/126 Johannesburg 04 01 20200201 Fidelis A. Emuze 02 WORLD 06 15 9781928424413 WORLD 09 UJ Press 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this product https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/126 29 Publisher's website: download the title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/view/126/258/4310 20 08 20200201 02 175.00 ZAR WORLD urn:uuid:d5f86719-6b09-4739-a584-fe83f3719fbe 03 01 01 thoth-work-id urn:uuid:72c98f16-dac4-4155-9329-1e0288896bbd 01 thoth-publication-id urn:uuid:d5f86719-6b09-4739-a584-fe83f3719fbe 15 9781928424413 06 10.18820/9781928424413 00 EB E107 10 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ 01 01 Construction Safety Pocketbook for South Africa 1 A01 Fidelis A. Emuze Fidelis A. Emuze 40 033z08192 Central University of Technology 01 eng 00 81 03 20 accident and incident reporting 10 ARC024010 20 construction safety 20 electricity on construction sites 20 emergency plan 20 first aid 20 Health and wellbeing 93 KNJC 20 management 20 personal protective equipment (PPE) 20 protection 20 risk assessmen 20 risk assessment 20 scaffolding 20 structures 20 supervision 20 worksite equipment 20 worksite rules 01 06 02 00 Construction is one of the oldest activities known to mankind, yet it is an industry where the health, safety and wellbeing of people are often at risk. 03 00 Construction is one of the oldest activities known to mankind, yet it is an industry where the health, safety and wellbeing of people are often at risk. While South African construction safety laws and regulations are up-to-date, the accidents, injuries and fatalities at construction sites remain a challenge. This pocketbook, which is based on the 2014 Construction Regulations, serves as a handy reference guide addressing the most common hazards facing construction workers. 30 00 Construction is one of the oldest activities known to mankind, yet it is an industry where the health, safety and wellbeing of people are often at risk. While South African construction safety laws and regulations are up-to-date, the accidents, injuries and fatalities at construction sites remain a challenge. This pocketbook, which is based on the 2014 Construction Regulations, serves as a handy reference guide addressing the most common hazards facing construction workers. 04 00 Introduction General Management and Supervision Fall protection and working at heights Work using a roap Underground digging Working in large areas of water Construction vehicles and moving plant Stacking and Storage Good housekeeping Welfare facilities Handling of equipment 20 00 Open Access 01 00 03 02 https://books.ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/10.18820/9781928424413_frontcover.jpg SunBonani Scholar 01 URL https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog 01 UJ Press 01 Publisher's website: home page https://ujpress.uj.ac.za/ 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/126 Johannesburg 04 01 20200201 Fidelis A. Emuze 02 WORLD 06 15 9781928424406 WORLD 11 OAPEN 36 OAPEN: webpage for this product https://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/100433 29 OAPEN: download the title https://library.oapen.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.12657/100433/9781928424413.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y 20 08 20200201 01 11 DOAB 36 DOAB: webpage for this product https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/157975 20 08 20200201 01 09 UJ Press 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this product https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/126 29 Publisher's website: download the title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/download/126/258/4310?inline=1 20 08 20200201 01 urn:uuid:ae6f6de3-f3d3-42c9-8726-3bf48b7a8d2b 03 01 01 thoth-work-id urn:uuid:0208331f-eac8-4c74-b3d8-2041a1d93fa2 01 thoth-publication-id urn:uuid:ae6f6de3-f3d3-42c9-8726-3bf48b7a8d2b 15 9781920382476 06 10.36615/9781920382483 00 BC 10 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 01 01 Corporate Lessons Managing Effective Organisations 2 A01 Mokete Christopher Lebitso Mokete Christopher Lebitso Mokete Christopher Lebitso started his career as a teacher at Thokoana Makaota Senior Secondary School in QwaQwa from 1987-1997. Currently he is Head of Administration &amp; Auxilliary Services at the Department of Justice and Constitutional Development.&nbsp; 01 eng 00 124 03 10 BUS041000 20 Corporate 93 KJR 20 Management 20 Effective organisations 01 06 02 00 This publication effectively delineates job hunting, from writing a successful curriculum vitae to the feared interview and finally employment. 03 00 This publication effectively delineates job hunting, from writing a successful curriculum vitae to the feared interview and finally employment. Lebitso also manages to successfully provide information on making the right career choice. The various management styles are carefully explained and he distinguishes between leadership and management. 30 00 This publication effectively delineates job hunting, from writing a successful curriculum vitae to the feared interview and finally employment. Lebitso also manages to successfully provide information on making the right career choice. The various management styles are carefully explained and he distinguishes between leadership and management. 04 00 About the author Preface 1. Job Hunting 2. Recruitment 3. Interviews 4. Getting Started After the Interview 5. Performance Coaching 6. Career Management 7. Management 8. Leadership 20 00 Open Access 01 00 03 02 https://books.ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/10.36615/9781920382483_frontcover.jpg SunBonani Scholar 01 URL https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog 01 UJ Press 01 Publisher's website: home page https://ujpress.uj.ac.za/ 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/128 Johannesburg 04 01 20140228 Mokete Christopher Lebitso 02 WORLD 34 01 Unstructured citation Alvenfors, A. (2010). Introduction - Integration? On the introduction program's importance for the integration of new employees. United Kingdom: ACAS. 34 01 Unstructured citation Bass, B & Bass, R. (2008). The Bass Handbook of Leadership: Theory, Research and Managerial Applications. New York: Simon & Schuster. 34 01 Unstructured citation Blake, R.K. & Minton, J.S. (1985). The Managerial Grid III: The key to leadership excellence. Houston: Gulf Publishing Co. 34 01 Unstructured citation Branson, R. (8 August 2012). The people factor. City Press, p. 1 34 01 Unstructured citation Creswell, V. (2007). Natural Teamwork: attain business success using lesson from nature. Northcliff: Rollerbird Press. 34 01 Unstructured citation Gerber, P.D., Nel, P.S. & Van Dyk, P.S. (1995). Human Resources Management. 3rd Edition. Halfway House: Southern Book Publishers. 34 01 Unstructured citation Gomez-Meija, R., David, B., Cardy, B. & Cardy, R.L. (2008). Management: People, Performance & Change. 3rd Edition. New York: McGraw Hill. 34 01 Unstructured citation Graham, H.T. & Bennett, R. (1993). Human resources management. London: Business Handbooks. 34 01 Unstructured citation Griffon, R.N. (1987). Management. 2nd Edition. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. 34 01 Unstructured citation Hersey, P. & Blanchard, K. (1988). Management of organisation behaviour: utilizing human resources. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall. 34 01 Unstructured citation Kleinman, L.S. (25 March 2011). Management and Executive Development. Encyclopaedia of Business 2010(2). 34 01 Unstructured citation Lebitso, M.C. (2012). The world of work: challenges for South African students. Bloemfontein: SUN MeDIA Publishers. 34 01 Unstructured citation https://doi.org/10.18820/9781920382155 34 01 Unstructured citation Lussier, R.N. (2000). Management Fundamentals: concepts, applications and skill development. USA: South-Western College Publishing Co. 34 01 Unstructured citation Matentjie, Z. (30 May 2010). You have 10 minutes to get the job. Sunday Times, p. 5. 34 01 Unstructured citation Northouse, G. (2007). Leadership theory and practice. 3rd Edition. London: Sage Publications. 34 01 Unstructured citation Oates, D. (1993). Leadership: The art of delegation. Great Britain: Random House (Pty) Ltd. 34 01 Unstructured citation Proctor, G. & Leighton, P. (2003). Recruiting within the law. 3rd Edition. London: CIPD. 34 01 Unstructured citation Smit, P.J. & Cronje, G.J. (1992). Management Principles: A contemporary South African edition. Kenwyn: Juta & Co. 34 01 Unstructured citation Tarpey, M. (21 April 2013). Waiting for a job? Start working part time. City Press, p. 2. 34 01 Unstructured citation Waldman, J. (21 April 2003). Be a cut above the rest. City Press, p. 1 WORLD 11 Unknown 36 Unspecified hosting platform: webpage for this product https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/128 29 Unspecified hosting platform: download the title https://www.takealot.com/corporate-lessons/PLID41672708 20 08 20140228 01 urn:uuid:ee5c8927-5d2d-435b-8fdd-acc38efa92c7 03 01 01 thoth-work-id urn:uuid:0208331f-eac8-4c74-b3d8-2041a1d93fa2 01 thoth-publication-id urn:uuid:ee5c8927-5d2d-435b-8fdd-acc38efa92c7 06 10.36615/9781920382483 00 EB E107 10 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 01 01 Corporate Lessons Managing Effective Organisations 2 A01 Mokete Christopher Lebitso Mokete Christopher Lebitso Mokete Christopher Lebitso started his career as a teacher at Thokoana Makaota Senior Secondary School in QwaQwa from 1987-1997. Currently he is Head of Administration &amp; Auxilliary Services at the Department of Justice and Constitutional Development.&nbsp; 01 eng 00 124 03 10 BUS041000 20 Corporate 93 KJR 20 Management 20 Effective organisations 01 06 02 00 This publication effectively delineates job hunting, from writing a successful curriculum vitae to the feared interview and finally employment. 03 00 This publication effectively delineates job hunting, from writing a successful curriculum vitae to the feared interview and finally employment. Lebitso also manages to successfully provide information on making the right career choice. The various management styles are carefully explained and he distinguishes between leadership and management. 30 00 This publication effectively delineates job hunting, from writing a successful curriculum vitae to the feared interview and finally employment. Lebitso also manages to successfully provide information on making the right career choice. The various management styles are carefully explained and he distinguishes between leadership and management. 04 00 About the author Preface 1. Job Hunting 2. Recruitment 3. Interviews 4. Getting Started After the Interview 5. Performance Coaching 6. Career Management 7. Management 8. Leadership 20 00 Open Access 01 00 03 02 https://books.ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/10.36615/9781920382483_frontcover.jpg SunBonani Scholar 01 URL https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog 01 UJ Press 01 Publisher's website: home page https://ujpress.uj.ac.za/ 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/128 Johannesburg 04 01 20140228 Mokete Christopher Lebitso 02 WORLD 06 15 9781920382476 34 01 Unstructured citation Alvenfors, A. (2010). Introduction - Integration? On the introduction program's importance for the integration of new employees. United Kingdom: ACAS. 34 01 Unstructured citation Bass, B & Bass, R. (2008). The Bass Handbook of Leadership: Theory, Research and Managerial Applications. New York: Simon & Schuster. 34 01 Unstructured citation Blake, R.K. & Minton, J.S. (1985). The Managerial Grid III: The key to leadership excellence. Houston: Gulf Publishing Co. 34 01 Unstructured citation Branson, R. (8 August 2012). The people factor. City Press, p. 1 34 01 Unstructured citation Creswell, V. (2007). Natural Teamwork: attain business success using lesson from nature. Northcliff: Rollerbird Press. 34 01 Unstructured citation Gerber, P.D., Nel, P.S. & Van Dyk, P.S. (1995). Human Resources Management. 3rd Edition. Halfway House: Southern Book Publishers. 34 01 Unstructured citation Gomez-Meija, R., David, B., Cardy, B. & Cardy, R.L. (2008). Management: People, Performance & Change. 3rd Edition. New York: McGraw Hill. 34 01 Unstructured citation Graham, H.T. & Bennett, R. (1993). Human resources management. London: Business Handbooks. 34 01 Unstructured citation Griffon, R.N. (1987). Management. 2nd Edition. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. 34 01 Unstructured citation Hersey, P. & Blanchard, K. (1988). Management of organisation behaviour: utilizing human resources. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall. 34 01 Unstructured citation Kleinman, L.S. (25 March 2011). Management and Executive Development. Encyclopaedia of Business 2010(2). 34 01 Unstructured citation Lebitso, M.C. (2012). The world of work: challenges for South African students. Bloemfontein: SUN MeDIA Publishers. 34 01 Unstructured citation https://doi.org/10.18820/9781920382155 34 01 Unstructured citation Lussier, R.N. (2000). Management Fundamentals: concepts, applications and skill development. USA: South-Western College Publishing Co. 34 01 Unstructured citation Matentjie, Z. (30 May 2010). You have 10 minutes to get the job. Sunday Times, p. 5. 34 01 Unstructured citation Northouse, G. (2007). Leadership theory and practice. 3rd Edition. London: Sage Publications. 34 01 Unstructured citation Oates, D. (1993). Leadership: The art of delegation. Great Britain: Random House (Pty) Ltd. 34 01 Unstructured citation Proctor, G. & Leighton, P. (2003). Recruiting within the law. 3rd Edition. London: CIPD. 34 01 Unstructured citation Smit, P.J. & Cronje, G.J. (1992). Management Principles: A contemporary South African edition. Kenwyn: Juta & Co. 34 01 Unstructured citation Tarpey, M. (21 April 2013). Waiting for a job? Start working part time. City Press, p. 2. 34 01 Unstructured citation Waldman, J. (21 April 2003). Be a cut above the rest. City Press, p. 1 WORLD 11 Unknown 36 Unspecified hosting platform: webpage for this product https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/128 29 Unspecified hosting platform: download the title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/view/128/421/1383 20 08 20140228 01 11 THOTH 36 THOTH: webpage for this product https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/128 29 THOTH: download the title https://books.ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/10.36615/9781920382483.pdf 20 08 20140228 01 urn:uuid:2bb58850-38ac-4d06-87da-08bf6afaeb08 03 01 01 thoth-work-id urn:uuid:b5f59e29-3ff8-4ed3-9e25-df08e91f0234 01 thoth-publication-id urn:uuid:2bb58850-38ac-4d06-87da-08bf6afaeb08 15 9780639889955 06 10.64449/9780639889962 00 BC 10 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 01 01 Critical Conversations From Different Worlds Through Decoloniality, Gender Equity and Diversity 1 B01 21 0000-0002-9955-7831 Zaira Solomons Zaira Solomons 01 eng 00 180 03 20 gender equity 93 JHBL 10 SOC026040 20 decolonisation 20 decoloniality 20 diversity 01 06 02 00 03 00 Zaira Solomons is a senior Research Associate at the University of Johannesburg. She holds a PhD from Coventry University and received the prestigious Leverhulme Study Abroad Studentship. She is a decolonial scholar with an emphasis on gender parity and STEM. This edited collection emerged as a result of an international conference she organised during her research sabbatical at the University of Johannesburg, South Africa. It weaves together voices from distinct South-North perspectives on matters relating to minorities and STEM, sexual diversity and inclusion, as well as the political economy and equity. “This book is a considered contribution to ongoing discussions and debates about inclusion and equity. A timely addition to the literature with important insights into under-researched challenges.”- Billy WongProfessor of Education and Director of Research and Evaluation (Access &amp; Participation) at University of Reading, UK &amp; Editor for British Educational Research Journal (BERJ) “In addition to being a political project that stresses the prospect of a just future, this book encourages us to pursue the possibilities of gender and epistemological justice. The contributions emphasise the necessity of persistently challenging colonial and patriarchal systems, drawing upon a thorough decolonial feminist overview. The book emphasises the value of elevating marginalised voices, perspectives, and knowledge as well as the skewed and invisible histories and contributions of women and all other disenfranchised people both in Africa and across the world.”- Puleng SegaloProfessor of Social Psychology &amp; Chief Albert Luthuli Research Chair at University of South Africa “The authors tackled their respective topics from fresh and unique angles and should be congratulated for their contributions. This collection is aimed at providing valuable insights for anyone interested in ongoing work concerning decoloniality, gender equity and diversity.”- Leigh Ann van der MerweFounder of Social, Health &amp; Empowerment Feminist Collective of Transgender Women of Africa &amp; South African Commissioner for Gender Equality 30 00 Zaira Solomons is a senior Research Associate at the University of Johannesburg. She holds a PhD from Coventry University and received the prestigious Leverhulme Study Abroad Studentship. She is a decolonial scholar with an emphasis on gender parity and STEM. This edited collection emerged as a result of an international conference she organised during her research sabbatical at the University of Johannesburg, South Africa. It weaves together voices from distinct South-North perspectives on matters relating to minorities and STEM, sexual diversity and inclusion, as well as the political economy and equity. “This book is a considered contribution to ongoing discussions and debates about inclusion and equity. A timely addition to the literature with important insights into under-researched challenges.”- Billy WongProfessor of Education and Director of Research and Evaluation (Access &amp; Participation) at University of Reading, UK &amp; Editor for British Educational Research Journal (BERJ) “In addition to being a political project that stresses the prospect of a just future, this book encourages us to pursue the possibilities of gender and epistemological justice. The contributions emphasise the necessity of persistently challenging colonial and patriarchal systems, drawing upon a thorough decolonial feminist overview. The book emphasises the value of elevating marginalised voices, perspectives, and knowledge as well as the skewed and invisible histories and contributions of women and all other disenfranchised people both in Africa and across the world.”- Puleng SegaloProfessor of Social Psychology &amp; Chief Albert Luthuli Research Chair at University of South Africa “The authors tackled their respective topics from fresh and unique angles and should be congratulated for their contributions. This collection is aimed at providing valuable insights for anyone interested in ongoing work concerning decoloniality, gender equity and diversity.”- Leigh Ann van der MerweFounder of Social, Health &amp; Empowerment Feminist Collective of Transgender Women of Africa &amp; South African Commissioner for Gender Equality 04 00 The Need for a Deeper Theorisation on Race and Gender Equity in South African STEM Drawing on Fraser's Participatory Parity, Decolonial, and Decolonial Feminist Insights Zaira Solomons DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639889962-01 PDF Decolonising Engineering by an Engineer Tosha Nembhard DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639889962-02 PDF Hijra in stasis Mayookh Barua DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639889962-03 PDF Do Not Leave Us Out! Access to Sexual and Reproductive Health Rights for Women with Disabilities A Review of Policies in Zimbabwe Faith Zengeni , Tasara Makombe DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639889962-04 PDF Class, Race, Gender, Geographical and Environmental Expropriations According to Rosa Luxemburg’s Theory Super-Exploitation in South Africa, Then and Now Patrick Bond DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639889962-05 PDF 20 00 Open Access 01 00 03 02 https://books.ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/10.64449/9780639889962_frontcover.jpg 1 03 06 10.64449/9780639889962-01 1 50 Chapter 01 01 The Need for a Deeper Theorisation on Race and Gender Equity in South African STEM Drawing on Fraser's Participatory Parity, Decolonial, and Decolonial Feminist Insights 1 B01 21 0000-0002-9955-7831 Zaira Solomons Zaira Solomons 03 00 In this chapter, I bring together key theories and concepts pertaining to social justice and inequality in South African higher education to critically analyse the experiences of access and inclusion for Black female students throughout the entire Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) trajectory; i.e., schooling, higher education, further studies, and employment. This chapter therefore finds itself situated at a juncture between critical theory and a decolonial paradigm, drawing on both strands of thought, specifically Nancy Fraser’s (1997a; 1997b; 1998; 2007a; 2008; 2010) participatory parity framework and aspects of the coloniality of power, knowledge, and gender. In doing so, I seek to advance both the theoretical and empirical terrains of these fields. I particularly aim to unpack issues surrounding Black women’s entry into contested, male-dominated, white spaces, such as university STEM courses in developing contexts. I argue that the lived experiences of Black women from the Majority World or Global South are particularly significant, including how they are uniquely positioned based on race, gender, geospatial location, and class background in white Eurocentric institutional spaces that primarily cater to the needs and experiences of the dominant white male (Liccardo, 2018; Liccardo et al., 2015; Liccardo &amp;Bradbury, 2017). The terms “Majority World” and “Global South” are used interchangeably throughout this chapter to imply the geographic locations situated outside of the developed world1 (De Sousa Santos, 2012) 30 00 In this chapter, I bring together key theories and concepts pertaining to social justice and inequality in South African higher education to critically analyse the experiences of access and inclusion for Black female students throughout the entire Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) trajectory; i.e., schooling, higher education, further studies, and employment. This chapter therefore finds itself situated at a juncture between critical theory and a decolonial paradigm, drawing on both strands of thought, specifically Nancy Fraser’s (1997a; 1997b; 1998; 2007a; 2008; 2010) participatory parity framework and aspects of the coloniality of power, knowledge, and gender. In doing so, I seek to advance both the theoretical and empirical terrains of these fields. I particularly aim to unpack issues surrounding Black women’s entry into contested, male-dominated, white spaces, such as university STEM courses in developing contexts. I argue that the lived experiences of Black women from the Majority World or Global South are particularly significant, including how they are uniquely positioned based on race, gender, geospatial location, and class background in white Eurocentric institutional spaces that primarily cater to the needs and experiences of the dominant white male (Liccardo, 2018; Liccardo et al., 2015; Liccardo &amp;Bradbury, 2017). The terms “Majority World” and “Global South” are used interchangeably throughout this chapter to imply the geographic locations situated outside of the developed world1 (De Sousa Santos, 2012) 2 03 06 10.64449/9780639889962-02 51 76 Chapter 01 01 Decolonising Engineering by an Engineer 1 A01 Tosha Nembhard Tosha Nembhard 03 00 Engineering is frequently perceived as a discipline that is factual and, consequently, unbiased. As engineers, we take pride in our commitment to justice and rely on the premise that numbers and equations are inherently truthful. Indeed, numbers do not lie. However, if we begin with incorrect data, we cannot anticipate an accurate outcome. 30 00 Engineering is frequently perceived as a discipline that is factual and, consequently, unbiased. As engineers, we take pride in our commitment to justice and rely on the premise that numbers and equations are inherently truthful. Indeed, numbers do not lie. However, if we begin with incorrect data, we cannot anticipate an accurate outcome. 3 03 06 10.64449/9780639889962-03 77 94 18 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Hijra in stasis 1 A01 Mayookh Barua Mayookh Barua 02 00 When I moved to the United States of America (USA), I believed I understood trans politics extensively. 03 00 When I moved to the United States of America (USA), I believed I understood trans politics extensively. I could not identify as trans simply because I was not accessing hormonal, surgical, or any other procedural means to indicate my transition. Transitioning bodies need to possess the relevant paperwork to qualify their transness. While providing access to such legitimisation becomes crucial political work, as it enables marginal bodies to be seen by the state as visible participants in the body politic, it raises the question: What is the appropriate time for someone to call themselves trans? 30 00 When I moved to the United States of America (USA), I believed I understood trans politics extensively. I could not identify as trans simply because I was not accessing hormonal, surgical, or any other procedural means to indicate my transition. Transitioning bodies need to possess the relevant paperwork to qualify their transness. While providing access to such legitimisation becomes crucial political work, as it enables marginal bodies to be seen by the state as visible participants in the body politic, it raises the question: What is the appropriate time for someone to call themselves trans? 20 00 Open Access Mayookh Barua 4 03 06 10.64449/9780639889962-04 95 114 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Do Not Leave Us Out! Access to Sexual and Reproductive Health Rights for Women with Disabilities A Review of Policies in Zimbabwe 1 A01 Faith Zengeni Faith Zengeni 2 A01 Tasara Makombe Tasara Makombe 02 00 A broad definition of disability that does not prioritise impairment as the primary cause of dysfunction is increasingly accepted in contemporary disability discourse. 03 00 A broad definition of disability that does not prioritise impairment as the primary cause of dysfunction is increasingly accepted in contemporary disability discourse. Disability is defined as long-term physical, mental, intellectual, or sensory impairments that, in interaction with various barriers, may impede full and effective participation in society (United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities [UNCRPD], 2006). This chapter does not aim to examine access to sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR) for women with disabilities through a medicalised lens of disability (Riddle, 2020). Instead, it seeks to explore existing policies in Zimbabwe within the context of a society that is evolving towards greater inclusivity (Berghs et al., 2019). Access to SRHR is crucial for the empowerment of women to enable them to make informed choices regarding their personal lives. 30 00 A broad definition of disability that does not prioritise impairment as the primary cause of dysfunction is increasingly accepted in contemporary disability discourse. Disability is defined as long-term physical, mental, intellectual, or sensory impairments that, in interaction with various barriers, may impede full and effective participation in society (United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities [UNCRPD], 2006). This chapter does not aim to examine access to sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR) for women with disabilities through a medicalised lens of disability (Riddle, 2020). Instead, it seeks to explore existing policies in Zimbabwe within the context of a society that is evolving towards greater inclusivity (Berghs et al., 2019). Access to SRHR is crucial for the empowerment of women to enable them to make informed choices regarding their personal lives. 20 00 Open Access Faith Zengeni , Tasara Makombe 5 03 06 10.64449/9780639889962-05 115 156 Chapter 01 01 Class, Race, Gender, Geographical and Environmental Expropriations According to Rosa Luxemburg’s Theory Super-Exploitation in South Africa, Then and Now 1 A01 Patrick Bond Patrick Bond 03 00 Deep features of colonial and apartheid-era political economy continue to ensure that in South Africa, despite political democracy having been achieved, various social, economic, and environmental factors of life are all in decline. Crucial international pressures were at work during the 1990s and an “elite transition” left the basic economic system of capitalist exploitation intact (Bond, 2003; 2014). More fundamentally, the analysis below suggests that what is crucial in South Africa, both historically and today, is the way that the capitalist mode of production has dispossessed wealth from non-capitalist sources. Decoloniality that accounts for colonial + apartheid-legacy political economy will require coming to grips with this structural feature of South Africa’s predatory capitalism. 30 00 Deep features of colonial and apartheid-era political economy continue to ensure that in South Africa, despite political democracy having been achieved, various social, economic, and environmental factors of life are all in decline. Crucial international pressures were at work during the 1990s and an “elite transition” left the basic economic system of capitalist exploitation intact (Bond, 2003; 2014). More fundamentally, the analysis below suggests that what is crucial in South Africa, both historically and today, is the way that the capitalist mode of production has dispossessed wealth from non-capitalist sources. Decoloniality that accounts for colonial + apartheid-legacy political economy will require coming to grips with this structural feature of South Africa’s predatory capitalism. UJ Press 01 URL https://ujpress.uj.ac.za 01 UJ Press 01 Publisher's website: home page https://ujpress.uj.ac.za/ 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/284 Johannesburg 04 01 20251007 Zaira Solomons; Mayookh Barua, Faith Zengeni , Patrick Bond, Tosha Nembhard, Tasara Makombe 02 WORLD 06 15 9780639889962 06 15 9780639889979 WORLD 09 UJ Press 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this product https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/284 29 Publisher's website: download the title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/284 20 08 20251007 02 225.00 ZAR WORLD urn:uuid:6bb8c050-6e02-4988-8d3b-3bd7275ffe7b 03 01 01 thoth-work-id urn:uuid:b5f59e29-3ff8-4ed3-9e25-df08e91f0234 01 thoth-publication-id urn:uuid:6bb8c050-6e02-4988-8d3b-3bd7275ffe7b 15 9780639889962 06 10.64449/9780639889962 00 EB E107 10 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 01 01 Critical Conversations From Different Worlds Through Decoloniality, Gender Equity and Diversity 1 B01 21 0000-0002-9955-7831 Zaira Solomons Zaira Solomons 01 eng 00 180 03 20 gender equity 93 JHBL 10 SOC026040 20 decolonisation 20 decoloniality 20 diversity 01 06 02 00 03 00 Zaira Solomons is a senior Research Associate at the University of Johannesburg. She holds a PhD from Coventry University and received the prestigious Leverhulme Study Abroad Studentship. She is a decolonial scholar with an emphasis on gender parity and STEM. This edited collection emerged as a result of an international conference she organised during her research sabbatical at the University of Johannesburg, South Africa. It weaves together voices from distinct South-North perspectives on matters relating to minorities and STEM, sexual diversity and inclusion, as well as the political economy and equity. “This book is a considered contribution to ongoing discussions and debates about inclusion and equity. A timely addition to the literature with important insights into under-researched challenges.”- Billy WongProfessor of Education and Director of Research and Evaluation (Access &amp; Participation) at University of Reading, UK &amp; Editor for British Educational Research Journal (BERJ) “In addition to being a political project that stresses the prospect of a just future, this book encourages us to pursue the possibilities of gender and epistemological justice. The contributions emphasise the necessity of persistently challenging colonial and patriarchal systems, drawing upon a thorough decolonial feminist overview. The book emphasises the value of elevating marginalised voices, perspectives, and knowledge as well as the skewed and invisible histories and contributions of women and all other disenfranchised people both in Africa and across the world.”- Puleng SegaloProfessor of Social Psychology &amp; Chief Albert Luthuli Research Chair at University of South Africa “The authors tackled their respective topics from fresh and unique angles and should be congratulated for their contributions. This collection is aimed at providing valuable insights for anyone interested in ongoing work concerning decoloniality, gender equity and diversity.”- Leigh Ann van der MerweFounder of Social, Health &amp; Empowerment Feminist Collective of Transgender Women of Africa &amp; South African Commissioner for Gender Equality 30 00 Zaira Solomons is a senior Research Associate at the University of Johannesburg. She holds a PhD from Coventry University and received the prestigious Leverhulme Study Abroad Studentship. She is a decolonial scholar with an emphasis on gender parity and STEM. This edited collection emerged as a result of an international conference she organised during her research sabbatical at the University of Johannesburg, South Africa. It weaves together voices from distinct South-North perspectives on matters relating to minorities and STEM, sexual diversity and inclusion, as well as the political economy and equity. “This book is a considered contribution to ongoing discussions and debates about inclusion and equity. A timely addition to the literature with important insights into under-researched challenges.”- Billy WongProfessor of Education and Director of Research and Evaluation (Access &amp; Participation) at University of Reading, UK &amp; Editor for British Educational Research Journal (BERJ) “In addition to being a political project that stresses the prospect of a just future, this book encourages us to pursue the possibilities of gender and epistemological justice. The contributions emphasise the necessity of persistently challenging colonial and patriarchal systems, drawing upon a thorough decolonial feminist overview. The book emphasises the value of elevating marginalised voices, perspectives, and knowledge as well as the skewed and invisible histories and contributions of women and all other disenfranchised people both in Africa and across the world.”- Puleng SegaloProfessor of Social Psychology &amp; Chief Albert Luthuli Research Chair at University of South Africa “The authors tackled their respective topics from fresh and unique angles and should be congratulated for their contributions. This collection is aimed at providing valuable insights for anyone interested in ongoing work concerning decoloniality, gender equity and diversity.”- Leigh Ann van der MerweFounder of Social, Health &amp; Empowerment Feminist Collective of Transgender Women of Africa &amp; South African Commissioner for Gender Equality 04 00 The Need for a Deeper Theorisation on Race and Gender Equity in South African STEM Drawing on Fraser's Participatory Parity, Decolonial, and Decolonial Feminist Insights Zaira Solomons DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639889962-01 PDF Decolonising Engineering by an Engineer Tosha Nembhard DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639889962-02 PDF Hijra in stasis Mayookh Barua DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639889962-03 PDF Do Not Leave Us Out! Access to Sexual and Reproductive Health Rights for Women with Disabilities A Review of Policies in Zimbabwe Faith Zengeni , Tasara Makombe DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639889962-04 PDF Class, Race, Gender, Geographical and Environmental Expropriations According to Rosa Luxemburg’s Theory Super-Exploitation in South Africa, Then and Now Patrick Bond DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639889962-05 PDF 20 00 Open Access 01 00 03 02 https://books.ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/10.64449/9780639889962_frontcover.jpg 1 03 06 10.64449/9780639889962-01 1 50 Chapter 01 01 The Need for a Deeper Theorisation on Race and Gender Equity in South African STEM Drawing on Fraser's Participatory Parity, Decolonial, and Decolonial Feminist Insights 1 B01 21 0000-0002-9955-7831 Zaira Solomons Zaira Solomons 03 00 In this chapter, I bring together key theories and concepts pertaining to social justice and inequality in South African higher education to critically analyse the experiences of access and inclusion for Black female students throughout the entire Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) trajectory; i.e., schooling, higher education, further studies, and employment. This chapter therefore finds itself situated at a juncture between critical theory and a decolonial paradigm, drawing on both strands of thought, specifically Nancy Fraser’s (1997a; 1997b; 1998; 2007a; 2008; 2010) participatory parity framework and aspects of the coloniality of power, knowledge, and gender. In doing so, I seek to advance both the theoretical and empirical terrains of these fields. I particularly aim to unpack issues surrounding Black women’s entry into contested, male-dominated, white spaces, such as university STEM courses in developing contexts. I argue that the lived experiences of Black women from the Majority World or Global South are particularly significant, including how they are uniquely positioned based on race, gender, geospatial location, and class background in white Eurocentric institutional spaces that primarily cater to the needs and experiences of the dominant white male (Liccardo, 2018; Liccardo et al., 2015; Liccardo &amp;Bradbury, 2017). The terms “Majority World” and “Global South” are used interchangeably throughout this chapter to imply the geographic locations situated outside of the developed world1 (De Sousa Santos, 2012) 30 00 In this chapter, I bring together key theories and concepts pertaining to social justice and inequality in South African higher education to critically analyse the experiences of access and inclusion for Black female students throughout the entire Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) trajectory; i.e., schooling, higher education, further studies, and employment. This chapter therefore finds itself situated at a juncture between critical theory and a decolonial paradigm, drawing on both strands of thought, specifically Nancy Fraser’s (1997a; 1997b; 1998; 2007a; 2008; 2010) participatory parity framework and aspects of the coloniality of power, knowledge, and gender. In doing so, I seek to advance both the theoretical and empirical terrains of these fields. I particularly aim to unpack issues surrounding Black women’s entry into contested, male-dominated, white spaces, such as university STEM courses in developing contexts. I argue that the lived experiences of Black women from the Majority World or Global South are particularly significant, including how they are uniquely positioned based on race, gender, geospatial location, and class background in white Eurocentric institutional spaces that primarily cater to the needs and experiences of the dominant white male (Liccardo, 2018; Liccardo et al., 2015; Liccardo &amp;Bradbury, 2017). The terms “Majority World” and “Global South” are used interchangeably throughout this chapter to imply the geographic locations situated outside of the developed world1 (De Sousa Santos, 2012) 2 03 06 10.64449/9780639889962-02 51 76 Chapter 01 01 Decolonising Engineering by an Engineer 1 A01 Tosha Nembhard Tosha Nembhard 03 00 Engineering is frequently perceived as a discipline that is factual and, consequently, unbiased. As engineers, we take pride in our commitment to justice and rely on the premise that numbers and equations are inherently truthful. Indeed, numbers do not lie. However, if we begin with incorrect data, we cannot anticipate an accurate outcome. 30 00 Engineering is frequently perceived as a discipline that is factual and, consequently, unbiased. As engineers, we take pride in our commitment to justice and rely on the premise that numbers and equations are inherently truthful. Indeed, numbers do not lie. However, if we begin with incorrect data, we cannot anticipate an accurate outcome. 3 03 06 10.64449/9780639889962-03 77 94 18 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Hijra in stasis 1 A01 Mayookh Barua Mayookh Barua 02 00 When I moved to the United States of America (USA), I believed I understood trans politics extensively. 03 00 When I moved to the United States of America (USA), I believed I understood trans politics extensively. I could not identify as trans simply because I was not accessing hormonal, surgical, or any other procedural means to indicate my transition. Transitioning bodies need to possess the relevant paperwork to qualify their transness. While providing access to such legitimisation becomes crucial political work, as it enables marginal bodies to be seen by the state as visible participants in the body politic, it raises the question: What is the appropriate time for someone to call themselves trans? 30 00 When I moved to the United States of America (USA), I believed I understood trans politics extensively. I could not identify as trans simply because I was not accessing hormonal, surgical, or any other procedural means to indicate my transition. Transitioning bodies need to possess the relevant paperwork to qualify their transness. While providing access to such legitimisation becomes crucial political work, as it enables marginal bodies to be seen by the state as visible participants in the body politic, it raises the question: What is the appropriate time for someone to call themselves trans? 20 00 Open Access Mayookh Barua 4 03 06 10.64449/9780639889962-04 95 114 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Do Not Leave Us Out! Access to Sexual and Reproductive Health Rights for Women with Disabilities A Review of Policies in Zimbabwe 1 A01 Faith Zengeni Faith Zengeni 2 A01 Tasara Makombe Tasara Makombe 02 00 A broad definition of disability that does not prioritise impairment as the primary cause of dysfunction is increasingly accepted in contemporary disability discourse. 03 00 A broad definition of disability that does not prioritise impairment as the primary cause of dysfunction is increasingly accepted in contemporary disability discourse. Disability is defined as long-term physical, mental, intellectual, or sensory impairments that, in interaction with various barriers, may impede full and effective participation in society (United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities [UNCRPD], 2006). This chapter does not aim to examine access to sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR) for women with disabilities through a medicalised lens of disability (Riddle, 2020). Instead, it seeks to explore existing policies in Zimbabwe within the context of a society that is evolving towards greater inclusivity (Berghs et al., 2019). Access to SRHR is crucial for the empowerment of women to enable them to make informed choices regarding their personal lives. 30 00 A broad definition of disability that does not prioritise impairment as the primary cause of dysfunction is increasingly accepted in contemporary disability discourse. Disability is defined as long-term physical, mental, intellectual, or sensory impairments that, in interaction with various barriers, may impede full and effective participation in society (United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities [UNCRPD], 2006). This chapter does not aim to examine access to sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR) for women with disabilities through a medicalised lens of disability (Riddle, 2020). Instead, it seeks to explore existing policies in Zimbabwe within the context of a society that is evolving towards greater inclusivity (Berghs et al., 2019). Access to SRHR is crucial for the empowerment of women to enable them to make informed choices regarding their personal lives. 20 00 Open Access Faith Zengeni , Tasara Makombe 5 03 06 10.64449/9780639889962-05 115 156 Chapter 01 01 Class, Race, Gender, Geographical and Environmental Expropriations According to Rosa Luxemburg’s Theory Super-Exploitation in South Africa, Then and Now 1 A01 Patrick Bond Patrick Bond 03 00 Deep features of colonial and apartheid-era political economy continue to ensure that in South Africa, despite political democracy having been achieved, various social, economic, and environmental factors of life are all in decline. Crucial international pressures were at work during the 1990s and an “elite transition” left the basic economic system of capitalist exploitation intact (Bond, 2003; 2014). More fundamentally, the analysis below suggests that what is crucial in South Africa, both historically and today, is the way that the capitalist mode of production has dispossessed wealth from non-capitalist sources. Decoloniality that accounts for colonial + apartheid-legacy political economy will require coming to grips with this structural feature of South Africa’s predatory capitalism. 30 00 Deep features of colonial and apartheid-era political economy continue to ensure that in South Africa, despite political democracy having been achieved, various social, economic, and environmental factors of life are all in decline. Crucial international pressures were at work during the 1990s and an “elite transition” left the basic economic system of capitalist exploitation intact (Bond, 2003; 2014). More fundamentally, the analysis below suggests that what is crucial in South Africa, both historically and today, is the way that the capitalist mode of production has dispossessed wealth from non-capitalist sources. Decoloniality that accounts for colonial + apartheid-legacy political economy will require coming to grips with this structural feature of South Africa’s predatory capitalism. UJ Press 01 URL https://ujpress.uj.ac.za 01 UJ Press 01 Publisher's website: home page https://ujpress.uj.ac.za/ 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/284 Johannesburg 04 01 20251007 Zaira Solomons; Mayookh Barua, Faith Zengeni , Patrick Bond, Tosha Nembhard, Tasara Makombe 02 WORLD 06 15 9780639889955 06 15 9780639889979 WORLD 11 Unknown 36 Unspecified hosting platform: webpage for this product https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/284 29 Unspecified hosting platform: download the title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/view/284/1294/5879 20 08 20251007 01 11 THOTH 36 THOTH: webpage for this product https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/284 29 THOTH: download the title https://books.ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/10.64449/9780639889962.pdf 20 08 20251007 01 urn:uuid:585839cb-ad25-461a-887a-1081ee014350 03 01 01 thoth-work-id urn:uuid:b5f59e29-3ff8-4ed3-9e25-df08e91f0234 01 thoth-publication-id urn:uuid:585839cb-ad25-461a-887a-1081ee014350 06 10.64449/9780639889962 00 EB E113 10 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 01 01 Critical Conversations From Different Worlds Through Decoloniality, Gender Equity and Diversity 1 B01 21 0000-0002-9955-7831 Zaira Solomons Zaira Solomons 01 eng 00 180 03 20 gender equity 93 JHBL 10 SOC026040 20 decolonisation 20 decoloniality 20 diversity 01 06 02 00 03 00 Zaira Solomons is a senior Research Associate at the University of Johannesburg. She holds a PhD from Coventry University and received the prestigious Leverhulme Study Abroad Studentship. She is a decolonial scholar with an emphasis on gender parity and STEM. This edited collection emerged as a result of an international conference she organised during her research sabbatical at the University of Johannesburg, South Africa. It weaves together voices from distinct South-North perspectives on matters relating to minorities and STEM, sexual diversity and inclusion, as well as the political economy and equity. “This book is a considered contribution to ongoing discussions and debates about inclusion and equity. A timely addition to the literature with important insights into under-researched challenges.”- Billy WongProfessor of Education and Director of Research and Evaluation (Access &amp; Participation) at University of Reading, UK &amp; Editor for British Educational Research Journal (BERJ) “In addition to being a political project that stresses the prospect of a just future, this book encourages us to pursue the possibilities of gender and epistemological justice. The contributions emphasise the necessity of persistently challenging colonial and patriarchal systems, drawing upon a thorough decolonial feminist overview. The book emphasises the value of elevating marginalised voices, perspectives, and knowledge as well as the skewed and invisible histories and contributions of women and all other disenfranchised people both in Africa and across the world.”- Puleng SegaloProfessor of Social Psychology &amp; Chief Albert Luthuli Research Chair at University of South Africa “The authors tackled their respective topics from fresh and unique angles and should be congratulated for their contributions. This collection is aimed at providing valuable insights for anyone interested in ongoing work concerning decoloniality, gender equity and diversity.”- Leigh Ann van der MerweFounder of Social, Health &amp; Empowerment Feminist Collective of Transgender Women of Africa &amp; South African Commissioner for Gender Equality 30 00 Zaira Solomons is a senior Research Associate at the University of Johannesburg. She holds a PhD from Coventry University and received the prestigious Leverhulme Study Abroad Studentship. She is a decolonial scholar with an emphasis on gender parity and STEM. This edited collection emerged as a result of an international conference she organised during her research sabbatical at the University of Johannesburg, South Africa. It weaves together voices from distinct South-North perspectives on matters relating to minorities and STEM, sexual diversity and inclusion, as well as the political economy and equity. “This book is a considered contribution to ongoing discussions and debates about inclusion and equity. A timely addition to the literature with important insights into under-researched challenges.”- Billy WongProfessor of Education and Director of Research and Evaluation (Access &amp; Participation) at University of Reading, UK &amp; Editor for British Educational Research Journal (BERJ) “In addition to being a political project that stresses the prospect of a just future, this book encourages us to pursue the possibilities of gender and epistemological justice. The contributions emphasise the necessity of persistently challenging colonial and patriarchal systems, drawing upon a thorough decolonial feminist overview. The book emphasises the value of elevating marginalised voices, perspectives, and knowledge as well as the skewed and invisible histories and contributions of women and all other disenfranchised people both in Africa and across the world.”- Puleng SegaloProfessor of Social Psychology &amp; Chief Albert Luthuli Research Chair at University of South Africa “The authors tackled their respective topics from fresh and unique angles and should be congratulated for their contributions. This collection is aimed at providing valuable insights for anyone interested in ongoing work concerning decoloniality, gender equity and diversity.”- Leigh Ann van der MerweFounder of Social, Health &amp; Empowerment Feminist Collective of Transgender Women of Africa &amp; South African Commissioner for Gender Equality 04 00 The Need for a Deeper Theorisation on Race and Gender Equity in South African STEM Drawing on Fraser's Participatory Parity, Decolonial, and Decolonial Feminist Insights Zaira Solomons DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639889962-01 PDF Decolonising Engineering by an Engineer Tosha Nembhard DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639889962-02 PDF Hijra in stasis Mayookh Barua DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639889962-03 PDF Do Not Leave Us Out! Access to Sexual and Reproductive Health Rights for Women with Disabilities A Review of Policies in Zimbabwe Faith Zengeni , Tasara Makombe DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639889962-04 PDF Class, Race, Gender, Geographical and Environmental Expropriations According to Rosa Luxemburg’s Theory Super-Exploitation in South Africa, Then and Now Patrick Bond DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639889962-05 PDF 20 00 Open Access 01 00 03 02 https://books.ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/10.64449/9780639889962_frontcover.jpg 1 03 06 10.64449/9780639889962-01 1 50 Chapter 01 01 The Need for a Deeper Theorisation on Race and Gender Equity in South African STEM Drawing on Fraser's Participatory Parity, Decolonial, and Decolonial Feminist Insights 1 B01 21 0000-0002-9955-7831 Zaira Solomons Zaira Solomons 03 00 In this chapter, I bring together key theories and concepts pertaining to social justice and inequality in South African higher education to critically analyse the experiences of access and inclusion for Black female students throughout the entire Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) trajectory; i.e., schooling, higher education, further studies, and employment. This chapter therefore finds itself situated at a juncture between critical theory and a decolonial paradigm, drawing on both strands of thought, specifically Nancy Fraser’s (1997a; 1997b; 1998; 2007a; 2008; 2010) participatory parity framework and aspects of the coloniality of power, knowledge, and gender. In doing so, I seek to advance both the theoretical and empirical terrains of these fields. I particularly aim to unpack issues surrounding Black women’s entry into contested, male-dominated, white spaces, such as university STEM courses in developing contexts. I argue that the lived experiences of Black women from the Majority World or Global South are particularly significant, including how they are uniquely positioned based on race, gender, geospatial location, and class background in white Eurocentric institutional spaces that primarily cater to the needs and experiences of the dominant white male (Liccardo, 2018; Liccardo et al., 2015; Liccardo &amp;Bradbury, 2017). The terms “Majority World” and “Global South” are used interchangeably throughout this chapter to imply the geographic locations situated outside of the developed world1 (De Sousa Santos, 2012) 30 00 In this chapter, I bring together key theories and concepts pertaining to social justice and inequality in South African higher education to critically analyse the experiences of access and inclusion for Black female students throughout the entire Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) trajectory; i.e., schooling, higher education, further studies, and employment. This chapter therefore finds itself situated at a juncture between critical theory and a decolonial paradigm, drawing on both strands of thought, specifically Nancy Fraser’s (1997a; 1997b; 1998; 2007a; 2008; 2010) participatory parity framework and aspects of the coloniality of power, knowledge, and gender. In doing so, I seek to advance both the theoretical and empirical terrains of these fields. I particularly aim to unpack issues surrounding Black women’s entry into contested, male-dominated, white spaces, such as university STEM courses in developing contexts. I argue that the lived experiences of Black women from the Majority World or Global South are particularly significant, including how they are uniquely positioned based on race, gender, geospatial location, and class background in white Eurocentric institutional spaces that primarily cater to the needs and experiences of the dominant white male (Liccardo, 2018; Liccardo et al., 2015; Liccardo &amp;Bradbury, 2017). The terms “Majority World” and “Global South” are used interchangeably throughout this chapter to imply the geographic locations situated outside of the developed world1 (De Sousa Santos, 2012) 2 03 06 10.64449/9780639889962-02 51 76 Chapter 01 01 Decolonising Engineering by an Engineer 1 A01 Tosha Nembhard Tosha Nembhard 03 00 Engineering is frequently perceived as a discipline that is factual and, consequently, unbiased. As engineers, we take pride in our commitment to justice and rely on the premise that numbers and equations are inherently truthful. Indeed, numbers do not lie. However, if we begin with incorrect data, we cannot anticipate an accurate outcome. 30 00 Engineering is frequently perceived as a discipline that is factual and, consequently, unbiased. As engineers, we take pride in our commitment to justice and rely on the premise that numbers and equations are inherently truthful. Indeed, numbers do not lie. However, if we begin with incorrect data, we cannot anticipate an accurate outcome. 3 03 06 10.64449/9780639889962-03 77 94 18 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Hijra in stasis 1 A01 Mayookh Barua Mayookh Barua 02 00 When I moved to the United States of America (USA), I believed I understood trans politics extensively. 03 00 When I moved to the United States of America (USA), I believed I understood trans politics extensively. I could not identify as trans simply because I was not accessing hormonal, surgical, or any other procedural means to indicate my transition. Transitioning bodies need to possess the relevant paperwork to qualify their transness. While providing access to such legitimisation becomes crucial political work, as it enables marginal bodies to be seen by the state as visible participants in the body politic, it raises the question: What is the appropriate time for someone to call themselves trans? 30 00 When I moved to the United States of America (USA), I believed I understood trans politics extensively. I could not identify as trans simply because I was not accessing hormonal, surgical, or any other procedural means to indicate my transition. Transitioning bodies need to possess the relevant paperwork to qualify their transness. While providing access to such legitimisation becomes crucial political work, as it enables marginal bodies to be seen by the state as visible participants in the body politic, it raises the question: What is the appropriate time for someone to call themselves trans? 20 00 Open Access Mayookh Barua 4 03 06 10.64449/9780639889962-04 95 114 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Do Not Leave Us Out! Access to Sexual and Reproductive Health Rights for Women with Disabilities A Review of Policies in Zimbabwe 1 A01 Faith Zengeni Faith Zengeni 2 A01 Tasara Makombe Tasara Makombe 02 00 A broad definition of disability that does not prioritise impairment as the primary cause of dysfunction is increasingly accepted in contemporary disability discourse. 03 00 A broad definition of disability that does not prioritise impairment as the primary cause of dysfunction is increasingly accepted in contemporary disability discourse. Disability is defined as long-term physical, mental, intellectual, or sensory impairments that, in interaction with various barriers, may impede full and effective participation in society (United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities [UNCRPD], 2006). This chapter does not aim to examine access to sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR) for women with disabilities through a medicalised lens of disability (Riddle, 2020). Instead, it seeks to explore existing policies in Zimbabwe within the context of a society that is evolving towards greater inclusivity (Berghs et al., 2019). Access to SRHR is crucial for the empowerment of women to enable them to make informed choices regarding their personal lives. 30 00 A broad definition of disability that does not prioritise impairment as the primary cause of dysfunction is increasingly accepted in contemporary disability discourse. Disability is defined as long-term physical, mental, intellectual, or sensory impairments that, in interaction with various barriers, may impede full and effective participation in society (United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities [UNCRPD], 2006). This chapter does not aim to examine access to sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR) for women with disabilities through a medicalised lens of disability (Riddle, 2020). Instead, it seeks to explore existing policies in Zimbabwe within the context of a society that is evolving towards greater inclusivity (Berghs et al., 2019). Access to SRHR is crucial for the empowerment of women to enable them to make informed choices regarding their personal lives. 20 00 Open Access Faith Zengeni , Tasara Makombe 5 03 06 10.64449/9780639889962-05 115 156 Chapter 01 01 Class, Race, Gender, Geographical and Environmental Expropriations According to Rosa Luxemburg’s Theory Super-Exploitation in South Africa, Then and Now 1 A01 Patrick Bond Patrick Bond 03 00 Deep features of colonial and apartheid-era political economy continue to ensure that in South Africa, despite political democracy having been achieved, various social, economic, and environmental factors of life are all in decline. Crucial international pressures were at work during the 1990s and an “elite transition” left the basic economic system of capitalist exploitation intact (Bond, 2003; 2014). More fundamentally, the analysis below suggests that what is crucial in South Africa, both historically and today, is the way that the capitalist mode of production has dispossessed wealth from non-capitalist sources. Decoloniality that accounts for colonial + apartheid-legacy political economy will require coming to grips with this structural feature of South Africa’s predatory capitalism. 30 00 Deep features of colonial and apartheid-era political economy continue to ensure that in South Africa, despite political democracy having been achieved, various social, economic, and environmental factors of life are all in decline. Crucial international pressures were at work during the 1990s and an “elite transition” left the basic economic system of capitalist exploitation intact (Bond, 2003; 2014). More fundamentally, the analysis below suggests that what is crucial in South Africa, both historically and today, is the way that the capitalist mode of production has dispossessed wealth from non-capitalist sources. Decoloniality that accounts for colonial + apartheid-legacy political economy will require coming to grips with this structural feature of South Africa’s predatory capitalism. UJ Press 01 URL https://ujpress.uj.ac.za 01 UJ Press 01 Publisher's website: home page https://ujpress.uj.ac.za/ 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/284 Johannesburg 04 01 20251007 Zaira Solomons; Mayookh Barua, Faith Zengeni , Patrick Bond, Tosha Nembhard, Tasara Makombe 02 WORLD 06 15 9780639889955 06 15 9780639889962 06 15 9780639889979 WORLD 11 Unknown 36 Unspecified hosting platform: webpage for this product https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/284 29 Unspecified hosting platform: download the title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/view/284/1296/5881 20 08 20251007 01 urn:uuid:1e8a59a6-b635-4dac-b60b-a241df9cd0e5 03 01 01 thoth-work-id urn:uuid:b5f59e29-3ff8-4ed3-9e25-df08e91f0234 01 thoth-publication-id urn:uuid:1e8a59a6-b635-4dac-b60b-a241df9cd0e5 15 9780639889979 06 10.64449/9780639889962 00 EB E101 10 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 01 01 Critical Conversations From Different Worlds Through Decoloniality, Gender Equity and Diversity 1 B01 21 0000-0002-9955-7831 Zaira Solomons Zaira Solomons 01 eng 00 180 03 20 gender equity 93 JHBL 10 SOC026040 20 decolonisation 20 decoloniality 20 diversity 01 06 02 00 03 00 Zaira Solomons is a senior Research Associate at the University of Johannesburg. She holds a PhD from Coventry University and received the prestigious Leverhulme Study Abroad Studentship. She is a decolonial scholar with an emphasis on gender parity and STEM. This edited collection emerged as a result of an international conference she organised during her research sabbatical at the University of Johannesburg, South Africa. It weaves together voices from distinct South-North perspectives on matters relating to minorities and STEM, sexual diversity and inclusion, as well as the political economy and equity. “This book is a considered contribution to ongoing discussions and debates about inclusion and equity. A timely addition to the literature with important insights into under-researched challenges.”- Billy WongProfessor of Education and Director of Research and Evaluation (Access &amp; Participation) at University of Reading, UK &amp; Editor for British Educational Research Journal (BERJ) “In addition to being a political project that stresses the prospect of a just future, this book encourages us to pursue the possibilities of gender and epistemological justice. The contributions emphasise the necessity of persistently challenging colonial and patriarchal systems, drawing upon a thorough decolonial feminist overview. The book emphasises the value of elevating marginalised voices, perspectives, and knowledge as well as the skewed and invisible histories and contributions of women and all other disenfranchised people both in Africa and across the world.”- Puleng SegaloProfessor of Social Psychology &amp; Chief Albert Luthuli Research Chair at University of South Africa “The authors tackled their respective topics from fresh and unique angles and should be congratulated for their contributions. This collection is aimed at providing valuable insights for anyone interested in ongoing work concerning decoloniality, gender equity and diversity.”- Leigh Ann van der MerweFounder of Social, Health &amp; Empowerment Feminist Collective of Transgender Women of Africa &amp; South African Commissioner for Gender Equality 30 00 Zaira Solomons is a senior Research Associate at the University of Johannesburg. She holds a PhD from Coventry University and received the prestigious Leverhulme Study Abroad Studentship. She is a decolonial scholar with an emphasis on gender parity and STEM. This edited collection emerged as a result of an international conference she organised during her research sabbatical at the University of Johannesburg, South Africa. It weaves together voices from distinct South-North perspectives on matters relating to minorities and STEM, sexual diversity and inclusion, as well as the political economy and equity. “This book is a considered contribution to ongoing discussions and debates about inclusion and equity. A timely addition to the literature with important insights into under-researched challenges.”- Billy WongProfessor of Education and Director of Research and Evaluation (Access &amp; Participation) at University of Reading, UK &amp; Editor for British Educational Research Journal (BERJ) “In addition to being a political project that stresses the prospect of a just future, this book encourages us to pursue the possibilities of gender and epistemological justice. The contributions emphasise the necessity of persistently challenging colonial and patriarchal systems, drawing upon a thorough decolonial feminist overview. The book emphasises the value of elevating marginalised voices, perspectives, and knowledge as well as the skewed and invisible histories and contributions of women and all other disenfranchised people both in Africa and across the world.”- Puleng SegaloProfessor of Social Psychology &amp; Chief Albert Luthuli Research Chair at University of South Africa “The authors tackled their respective topics from fresh and unique angles and should be congratulated for their contributions. This collection is aimed at providing valuable insights for anyone interested in ongoing work concerning decoloniality, gender equity and diversity.”- Leigh Ann van der MerweFounder of Social, Health &amp; Empowerment Feminist Collective of Transgender Women of Africa &amp; South African Commissioner for Gender Equality 04 00 The Need for a Deeper Theorisation on Race and Gender Equity in South African STEM Drawing on Fraser's Participatory Parity, Decolonial, and Decolonial Feminist Insights Zaira Solomons DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639889962-01 PDF Decolonising Engineering by an Engineer Tosha Nembhard DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639889962-02 PDF Hijra in stasis Mayookh Barua DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639889962-03 PDF Do Not Leave Us Out! Access to Sexual and Reproductive Health Rights for Women with Disabilities A Review of Policies in Zimbabwe Faith Zengeni , Tasara Makombe DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639889962-04 PDF Class, Race, Gender, Geographical and Environmental Expropriations According to Rosa Luxemburg’s Theory Super-Exploitation in South Africa, Then and Now Patrick Bond DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639889962-05 PDF 20 00 Open Access 01 00 03 02 https://books.ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/10.64449/9780639889962_frontcover.jpg 1 03 06 10.64449/9780639889962-01 1 50 Chapter 01 01 The Need for a Deeper Theorisation on Race and Gender Equity in South African STEM Drawing on Fraser's Participatory Parity, Decolonial, and Decolonial Feminist Insights 1 B01 21 0000-0002-9955-7831 Zaira Solomons Zaira Solomons 03 00 In this chapter, I bring together key theories and concepts pertaining to social justice and inequality in South African higher education to critically analyse the experiences of access and inclusion for Black female students throughout the entire Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) trajectory; i.e., schooling, higher education, further studies, and employment. This chapter therefore finds itself situated at a juncture between critical theory and a decolonial paradigm, drawing on both strands of thought, specifically Nancy Fraser’s (1997a; 1997b; 1998; 2007a; 2008; 2010) participatory parity framework and aspects of the coloniality of power, knowledge, and gender. In doing so, I seek to advance both the theoretical and empirical terrains of these fields. I particularly aim to unpack issues surrounding Black women’s entry into contested, male-dominated, white spaces, such as university STEM courses in developing contexts. I argue that the lived experiences of Black women from the Majority World or Global South are particularly significant, including how they are uniquely positioned based on race, gender, geospatial location, and class background in white Eurocentric institutional spaces that primarily cater to the needs and experiences of the dominant white male (Liccardo, 2018; Liccardo et al., 2015; Liccardo &amp;Bradbury, 2017). The terms “Majority World” and “Global South” are used interchangeably throughout this chapter to imply the geographic locations situated outside of the developed world1 (De Sousa Santos, 2012) 30 00 In this chapter, I bring together key theories and concepts pertaining to social justice and inequality in South African higher education to critically analyse the experiences of access and inclusion for Black female students throughout the entire Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) trajectory; i.e., schooling, higher education, further studies, and employment. This chapter therefore finds itself situated at a juncture between critical theory and a decolonial paradigm, drawing on both strands of thought, specifically Nancy Fraser’s (1997a; 1997b; 1998; 2007a; 2008; 2010) participatory parity framework and aspects of the coloniality of power, knowledge, and gender. In doing so, I seek to advance both the theoretical and empirical terrains of these fields. I particularly aim to unpack issues surrounding Black women’s entry into contested, male-dominated, white spaces, such as university STEM courses in developing contexts. I argue that the lived experiences of Black women from the Majority World or Global South are particularly significant, including how they are uniquely positioned based on race, gender, geospatial location, and class background in white Eurocentric institutional spaces that primarily cater to the needs and experiences of the dominant white male (Liccardo, 2018; Liccardo et al., 2015; Liccardo &amp;Bradbury, 2017). The terms “Majority World” and “Global South” are used interchangeably throughout this chapter to imply the geographic locations situated outside of the developed world1 (De Sousa Santos, 2012) 2 03 06 10.64449/9780639889962-02 51 76 Chapter 01 01 Decolonising Engineering by an Engineer 1 A01 Tosha Nembhard Tosha Nembhard 03 00 Engineering is frequently perceived as a discipline that is factual and, consequently, unbiased. As engineers, we take pride in our commitment to justice and rely on the premise that numbers and equations are inherently truthful. Indeed, numbers do not lie. However, if we begin with incorrect data, we cannot anticipate an accurate outcome. 30 00 Engineering is frequently perceived as a discipline that is factual and, consequently, unbiased. As engineers, we take pride in our commitment to justice and rely on the premise that numbers and equations are inherently truthful. Indeed, numbers do not lie. However, if we begin with incorrect data, we cannot anticipate an accurate outcome. 3 03 06 10.64449/9780639889962-03 77 94 18 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Hijra in stasis 1 A01 Mayookh Barua Mayookh Barua 02 00 When I moved to the United States of America (USA), I believed I understood trans politics extensively. 03 00 When I moved to the United States of America (USA), I believed I understood trans politics extensively. I could not identify as trans simply because I was not accessing hormonal, surgical, or any other procedural means to indicate my transition. Transitioning bodies need to possess the relevant paperwork to qualify their transness. While providing access to such legitimisation becomes crucial political work, as it enables marginal bodies to be seen by the state as visible participants in the body politic, it raises the question: What is the appropriate time for someone to call themselves trans? 30 00 When I moved to the United States of America (USA), I believed I understood trans politics extensively. I could not identify as trans simply because I was not accessing hormonal, surgical, or any other procedural means to indicate my transition. Transitioning bodies need to possess the relevant paperwork to qualify their transness. While providing access to such legitimisation becomes crucial political work, as it enables marginal bodies to be seen by the state as visible participants in the body politic, it raises the question: What is the appropriate time for someone to call themselves trans? 20 00 Open Access Mayookh Barua 4 03 06 10.64449/9780639889962-04 95 114 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Do Not Leave Us Out! Access to Sexual and Reproductive Health Rights for Women with Disabilities A Review of Policies in Zimbabwe 1 A01 Faith Zengeni Faith Zengeni 2 A01 Tasara Makombe Tasara Makombe 02 00 A broad definition of disability that does not prioritise impairment as the primary cause of dysfunction is increasingly accepted in contemporary disability discourse. 03 00 A broad definition of disability that does not prioritise impairment as the primary cause of dysfunction is increasingly accepted in contemporary disability discourse. Disability is defined as long-term physical, mental, intellectual, or sensory impairments that, in interaction with various barriers, may impede full and effective participation in society (United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities [UNCRPD], 2006). This chapter does not aim to examine access to sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR) for women with disabilities through a medicalised lens of disability (Riddle, 2020). Instead, it seeks to explore existing policies in Zimbabwe within the context of a society that is evolving towards greater inclusivity (Berghs et al., 2019). Access to SRHR is crucial for the empowerment of women to enable them to make informed choices regarding their personal lives. 30 00 A broad definition of disability that does not prioritise impairment as the primary cause of dysfunction is increasingly accepted in contemporary disability discourse. Disability is defined as long-term physical, mental, intellectual, or sensory impairments that, in interaction with various barriers, may impede full and effective participation in society (United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities [UNCRPD], 2006). This chapter does not aim to examine access to sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR) for women with disabilities through a medicalised lens of disability (Riddle, 2020). Instead, it seeks to explore existing policies in Zimbabwe within the context of a society that is evolving towards greater inclusivity (Berghs et al., 2019). Access to SRHR is crucial for the empowerment of women to enable them to make informed choices regarding their personal lives. 20 00 Open Access Faith Zengeni , Tasara Makombe 5 03 06 10.64449/9780639889962-05 115 156 Chapter 01 01 Class, Race, Gender, Geographical and Environmental Expropriations According to Rosa Luxemburg’s Theory Super-Exploitation in South Africa, Then and Now 1 A01 Patrick Bond Patrick Bond 03 00 Deep features of colonial and apartheid-era political economy continue to ensure that in South Africa, despite political democracy having been achieved, various social, economic, and environmental factors of life are all in decline. Crucial international pressures were at work during the 1990s and an “elite transition” left the basic economic system of capitalist exploitation intact (Bond, 2003; 2014). More fundamentally, the analysis below suggests that what is crucial in South Africa, both historically and today, is the way that the capitalist mode of production has dispossessed wealth from non-capitalist sources. Decoloniality that accounts for colonial + apartheid-legacy political economy will require coming to grips with this structural feature of South Africa’s predatory capitalism. 30 00 Deep features of colonial and apartheid-era political economy continue to ensure that in South Africa, despite political democracy having been achieved, various social, economic, and environmental factors of life are all in decline. Crucial international pressures were at work during the 1990s and an “elite transition” left the basic economic system of capitalist exploitation intact (Bond, 2003; 2014). More fundamentally, the analysis below suggests that what is crucial in South Africa, both historically and today, is the way that the capitalist mode of production has dispossessed wealth from non-capitalist sources. Decoloniality that accounts for colonial + apartheid-legacy political economy will require coming to grips with this structural feature of South Africa’s predatory capitalism. UJ Press 01 URL https://ujpress.uj.ac.za 01 UJ Press 01 Publisher's website: home page https://ujpress.uj.ac.za/ 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/284 Johannesburg 04 01 20251007 Zaira Solomons; Mayookh Barua, Faith Zengeni , Patrick Bond, Tosha Nembhard, Tasara Makombe 02 WORLD 06 15 9780639889955 06 15 9780639889962 WORLD 11 Unknown 36 Unspecified hosting platform: webpage for this product https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/284 29 Unspecified hosting platform: download the title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/view/284/1295/5880 20 08 20251007 01 urn:uuid:55e747e6-96bc-4d47-ad3e-d4bf6916f280 03 01 01 thoth-work-id urn:uuid:80de90b3-46f8-48cb-8c12-d6ac8001d75c 01 thoth-publication-id urn:uuid:55e747e6-96bc-4d47-ad3e-d4bf6916f280 15 9781928424246 06 10.18820/9781928424253 00 BC 10 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 01 01 Critical toponomy Place names in political, historical and commercial landscape 1 B01 Herman Beyer Herman Beyer 40 016xje988 University of Namibia 2 B01 21 0000-0002-3799-9124 Matthias Brenzinger Matthias Brenzinger 40 03p74gp79 University of Cape Town 3 B01 21 0000-0003-0982-4842 Theodorus du Plessis Theodorus du Plessis 40 009xwd568 University of the Free State 4 B01 21 0000-0001-6570-8542 Peter E. Raper Peter E. Raper 40 009xwd568 University of the Free State 5 A01 21 0000-0002-8945-4601 Georg Schuppener Georg Schuppener Department of German 6 A01 21 0000-0002-4006-0134 Steyn Khesani Madlome Steyn Khesani Madlome 40 00wn5gw44 Great Zimbabwe University Department of African Languages and Culture 7 A01 21 0000-0001-7426-9254 Cornelia Geldenhuys Cornelia Geldenhuys 40 009xwd568 University of the Free State Department of South African Sign Language and Deaf Studies 8 A01 Lucie A. Möller Lucie A. Möller 40 009xwd568 University of the Free State Faculty of the Humanities 9 A01 21 0000-0001-8469-6452 Godwin Makaudze Godwin Makaudze 40 048cwvf49 University of South Africa Department of English Studies 10 A01 21 0000-0001-9350-6606 Jani de Lange Jani de Lange 40 009xwd568 University of the Free State Department of South African Sign Language and Deaf Studies 11 A01 21 0000-0001-8228-5457 Peter Jordan Peter Jordan 40 03anc3s24 Austrian Academy of Sciences Institute of Urban and Regional Research 12 A01 21 0000-0001-9640-6037 Matjaž Geršič Matjaž Geršič 1Anton Melik Geographical Institute 13 A01 Drago Kladnik Drago Kladnik Anton Melik Geographical Institute 14 A01 21 0000-0002-5739-4392 Katja Vintar Mally Katja Vintar Mally 40 05njb9z20 University of Ljubljana Department of Geography, Faculty of Arts 15 A01 21 0000-0002-1458-1729 Chrismi-Rinda Loth Chrismi-Rinda Loth 40 009xwd568 University of the Free State Department of South African Sign Language and Deaf Studies 16 A01 21 0000-0003-2580-2870 Kathryn M. Hudson Kathryn M. Hudson 40 01y64my43 University at Buffalo, State University of New York Department of Anthropology and Department of Linguistics 17 A01 21 0000-0002-8193-3843 Liketso Dube Liketso Dube 40 00wn5gw44 Great Zimbabwe University Curriculum Studies Department 18 A01 Elda Hungwe Elda Hungwe 40 02gv1gw80 Midlands State University Department of Applied Education 01 06 02 00 03 00 <p>Critical Toponymy: Place names in political, historical and commercial landscapes contains a selection of double-blind peer-reviewed papers from the 4th International Symposium on Place Names that took place 18-20 September 2017 in Windhoek, Namibia. These papers present current thinking on how the critical turn in social sciences is manifested in toponymic research, not only locally but also internationally. As such it includes research on place names from South Africa, Namibia, Zimbabwe, Austria, Slovenia, Central America and even the former Czechoslovakia. The contributions show that the etymology of place names are never purely linguistic – social, political, commercial and other factors influence the giving, use and adaptations of these linguistic and cultural artefacts. Furthermore, given their high symbolic content, place names also serve as political and commercial currency. Place names are therefore important symbolic markers in preserving or changing cultural identities, and in marking or facilitating socio-political changes and relations. Critical Toponymy showcases the many ways in which the representational potential of place names can be deployed in different contexts. Scholars as well as practitioners in toponymy and sociolinguistics will find this an illuminating read.</p> 30 00 <p>Critical Toponymy: Place names in political, historical and commercial landscapes contains a selection of double-blind peer-reviewed papers from the 4th International Symposium on Place Names that took place 18-20 September 2017 in Windhoek, Namibia. These papers present current thinking on how the critical turn in social sciences is manifested in toponymic research, not only locally but also internationally. As such it includes research on place names from South Africa, Namibia, Zimbabwe, Austria, Slovenia, Central America and even the former Czechoslovakia. The contributions show that the etymology of place names are never purely linguistic – social, political, commercial and other factors influence the giving, use and adaptations of these linguistic and cultural artefacts. Furthermore, given their high symbolic content, place names also serve as political and commercial currency. Place names are therefore important symbolic markers in preserving or changing cultural identities, and in marking or facilitating socio-political changes and relations. Critical Toponymy showcases the many ways in which the representational potential of place names can be deployed in different contexts. Scholars as well as practitioners in toponymy and sociolinguistics will find this an illuminating read.</p> 20 00 Open Access 01 00 03 02 https://books.ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/10.18820/9781928424253_frontcover.jpg UJ Press 01 URL https://ujpress.uj.ac.za 01 UJ Press 01 Publisher's website: home page https://ujpress.uj.ac.za/ 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/93 04 01 20190301 Herman Beyer, Matthias Brenzinger, Theodorus du Plessis, Peter E. Raper 02 WORLD 06 15 9781928424253 WORLD 09 UJ Press 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this product https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/93 20 08 20190301 01 urn:uuid:9d6fe7e3-9e7d-46b4-bb2a-aa6412b74893 03 01 01 thoth-work-id urn:uuid:80de90b3-46f8-48cb-8c12-d6ac8001d75c 01 thoth-publication-id urn:uuid:9d6fe7e3-9e7d-46b4-bb2a-aa6412b74893 15 9781928424253 06 10.18820/9781928424253 00 EB E107 10 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 01 01 Critical toponomy Place names in political, historical and commercial landscape 1 B01 Herman Beyer Herman Beyer 40 016xje988 University of Namibia 2 B01 21 0000-0002-3799-9124 Matthias Brenzinger Matthias Brenzinger 40 03p74gp79 University of Cape Town 3 B01 21 0000-0003-0982-4842 Theodorus du Plessis Theodorus du Plessis 40 009xwd568 University of the Free State 4 B01 21 0000-0001-6570-8542 Peter E. Raper Peter E. Raper 40 009xwd568 University of the Free State 5 A01 21 0000-0002-8945-4601 Georg Schuppener Georg Schuppener Department of German 6 A01 21 0000-0002-4006-0134 Steyn Khesani Madlome Steyn Khesani Madlome 40 00wn5gw44 Great Zimbabwe University Department of African Languages and Culture 7 A01 21 0000-0001-7426-9254 Cornelia Geldenhuys Cornelia Geldenhuys 40 009xwd568 University of the Free State Department of South African Sign Language and Deaf Studies 8 A01 Lucie A. Möller Lucie A. Möller 40 009xwd568 University of the Free State Faculty of the Humanities 9 A01 21 0000-0001-8469-6452 Godwin Makaudze Godwin Makaudze 40 048cwvf49 University of South Africa Department of English Studies 10 A01 21 0000-0001-9350-6606 Jani de Lange Jani de Lange 40 009xwd568 University of the Free State Department of South African Sign Language and Deaf Studies 11 A01 21 0000-0001-8228-5457 Peter Jordan Peter Jordan 40 03anc3s24 Austrian Academy of Sciences Institute of Urban and Regional Research 12 A01 21 0000-0001-9640-6037 Matjaž Geršič Matjaž Geršič 1Anton Melik Geographical Institute 13 A01 Drago Kladnik Drago Kladnik Anton Melik Geographical Institute 14 A01 21 0000-0002-5739-4392 Katja Vintar Mally Katja Vintar Mally 40 05njb9z20 University of Ljubljana Department of Geography, Faculty of Arts 15 A01 21 0000-0002-1458-1729 Chrismi-Rinda Loth Chrismi-Rinda Loth 40 009xwd568 University of the Free State Department of South African Sign Language and Deaf Studies 16 A01 21 0000-0003-2580-2870 Kathryn M. Hudson Kathryn M. Hudson 40 01y64my43 University at Buffalo, State University of New York Department of Anthropology and Department of Linguistics 17 A01 21 0000-0002-8193-3843 Liketso Dube Liketso Dube 40 00wn5gw44 Great Zimbabwe University Curriculum Studies Department 18 A01 Elda Hungwe Elda Hungwe 40 02gv1gw80 Midlands State University Department of Applied Education 01 06 02 00 03 00 <p>Critical Toponymy: Place names in political, historical and commercial landscapes contains a selection of double-blind peer-reviewed papers from the 4th International Symposium on Place Names that took place 18-20 September 2017 in Windhoek, Namibia. These papers present current thinking on how the critical turn in social sciences is manifested in toponymic research, not only locally but also internationally. As such it includes research on place names from South Africa, Namibia, Zimbabwe, Austria, Slovenia, Central America and even the former Czechoslovakia. The contributions show that the etymology of place names are never purely linguistic – social, political, commercial and other factors influence the giving, use and adaptations of these linguistic and cultural artefacts. Furthermore, given their high symbolic content, place names also serve as political and commercial currency. Place names are therefore important symbolic markers in preserving or changing cultural identities, and in marking or facilitating socio-political changes and relations. Critical Toponymy showcases the many ways in which the representational potential of place names can be deployed in different contexts. Scholars as well as practitioners in toponymy and sociolinguistics will find this an illuminating read.</p> 30 00 <p>Critical Toponymy: Place names in political, historical and commercial landscapes contains a selection of double-blind peer-reviewed papers from the 4th International Symposium on Place Names that took place 18-20 September 2017 in Windhoek, Namibia. These papers present current thinking on how the critical turn in social sciences is manifested in toponymic research, not only locally but also internationally. As such it includes research on place names from South Africa, Namibia, Zimbabwe, Austria, Slovenia, Central America and even the former Czechoslovakia. The contributions show that the etymology of place names are never purely linguistic – social, political, commercial and other factors influence the giving, use and adaptations of these linguistic and cultural artefacts. Furthermore, given their high symbolic content, place names also serve as political and commercial currency. Place names are therefore important symbolic markers in preserving or changing cultural identities, and in marking or facilitating socio-political changes and relations. Critical Toponymy showcases the many ways in which the representational potential of place names can be deployed in different contexts. Scholars as well as practitioners in toponymy and sociolinguistics will find this an illuminating read.</p> 20 00 Open Access 01 00 03 02 https://books.ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/10.18820/9781928424253_frontcover.jpg UJ Press 01 URL https://ujpress.uj.ac.za 01 UJ Press 01 Publisher's website: home page https://ujpress.uj.ac.za/ 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/93 04 01 20190301 Herman Beyer, Matthias Brenzinger, Theodorus du Plessis, Peter E. Raper 02 WORLD 06 15 9781928424246 WORLD 11 OAPEN 36 OAPEN: webpage for this product https://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/59088 29 OAPEN: download the title https://library.oapen.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.12657/59088/9781928424253.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y 20 08 20190301 01 11 DOAB 36 DOAB: webpage for this product https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/93299 20 08 20190301 01 11 INTERNET_ARCHIVE 36 INTERNET_ARCHIVE: webpage for this product https://archive.org/details/80de90b3-46f8-48cb-8c12-d6ac8001d75c 29 INTERNET_ARCHIVE: download the title https://archive.org/download/80de90b3-46f8-48cb-8c12-d6ac8001d75c/80de90b3-46f8-48cb-8c12-d6ac8001d75c.pdf 20 08 20190301 01 09 UJ Press 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this product https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/93 29 Publisher's website: download the title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/download/93/163/562?inline=1 20 08 20190301 01 urn:uuid:62c62752-b631-49fd-9bc9-114d15e3209e 03 01 01 thoth-work-id urn:uuid:9df1dc0f-58f5-4c56-aeee-980a3b5ba83f 01 thoth-publication-id urn:uuid:62c62752-b631-49fd-9bc9-114d15e3209e 15 9781928424260 06 10.18820/9781928424277 00 BC 10 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 01 01 Decolonising Higher Education in the Era of Globalisation and Internationalisation 1 B01 21 0000-0003-2510-3498 Kehdinga George Fomunyam Kehdinga George Fomunyam 40 04qzfn040 University of KwaZulu-Natal 2 A01 21 0000-0002-6426-0456 Sechaba M. Geoffrey Mahlomaholo Sechaba M. Geoffrey Mahlomaholo 40 010f1sq29 North-West University 3 A01 21 0000-0003-1599-6253 Noluthando Matola Noluthando Matola 40 0303y7a51 Durban University of Technology 4 A01 21 0000-0002-0543-1948 Rosy Qhosola Rosy Qhosola 40 009xwd568 University of the Free State 5 A01 21 0000-0003-2387-1258 Kunle Oparinde Kunle Oparinde 40 0303y7a51 Durban University of Technology 6 A01 21 0000-0001-5715-1879 Komlan Agbedahin Komlan Agbedahin 40 009xwd568 University of the Free State 7 A01 21 0000-0001-5613-7290 Sibusiso Moyo Sibusiso Moyo 40 0303y7a51 Durban University of Technology 8 A01 21 0000-0002-6271-6691 Adesuwa Vanessa Agbedahin Adesuwa Vanessa Agbedahin 40 01kn7bc28 Sol Plaatje University 9 A01 Bheki kaMpofu Bheki kaMpofu 40 0303y7a51 Durban University of Technology 10 A01 21 0000-0001-8784-0616 Austin Musundire Austin Musundire 40 048cwvf49 University of South Africa 11 A01 Baphiwe Daweti Baphiwe Daweti 40 0303y7a51 Durban University of Technology 12 A01 21 0000-0001-9466-2854 Rudzani Israel Lumadi Rudzani Israel Lumadi 40 048cwvf49 University of South Africa 13 A01 21 0000-0002-6199-4606 Darren Lortan Darren Lortan 40 0303y7a51 Durban University of Technology 14 A01 21 0000-0002-0292-4501 Kelly Ngesungwo Jabosung Kelly Ngesungwo Jabosung 15 A01 21 0000-0001-8224-7688 Noluthando Shirley Matsiliza Noluthando Shirley Matsiliza 40 0303y7a51 Durban University of Technology 16 A01 Solomon N. Modiba Solomon N. Modiba 40 017p87168 University of Limpopo 17 A01 21 0000-0003-3401-4200 Savathrie Maistry Savathrie Maistry 40 0303y7a51 Durban University of Technology 18 A01 21 0000-0002-7475-4337 Doh Nubia Walters Doh Nubia Walters 40 010f1sq29 North-West University 19 A01 21 0000-0003-0756-424X Vaneshree Govender Vaneshree Govender 40 0303y7a51 Durban University of Technology 20 A01 21 0000-0003-0906-4986 Eurika Jansen van Vuuren Eurika Jansen van Vuuren 40 02vxcq142 University of Mpumalanga 21 A01 21 0000-0002-0507-5269 Raymond Nkwenti Fru Raymond Nkwenti Fru 40 04j4j0a75 National University of Lesotho 01 06 02 00 03 00 <p>Conceived within a context of transdisciplinarity and pluriversalism, and in rigorous response to the Eurocentric, globalising and nationalising structures of power that undergird and inhabit contemporary praxis in higher education – especially in African higher education – this collection of essays brings to the on-going discourse on decolonisation fresh, rich, probing and multilayered perspectives that should accelerate the process of decolonisation, not only in higher education in Africa, but also in the global imaginary. A&nbsp;remarkable, courageous and potentially revolutionary achievement, this book deserves a special place on curricula throughout the world of higher education.</p> 30 00 <p>Conceived within a context of transdisciplinarity and pluriversalism, and in rigorous response to the Eurocentric, globalising and nationalising structures of power that undergird and inhabit contemporary praxis in higher education – especially in African higher education – this collection of essays brings to the on-going discourse on decolonisation fresh, rich, probing and multilayered perspectives that should accelerate the process of decolonisation, not only in higher education in Africa, but also in the global imaginary. A&nbsp;remarkable, courageous and potentially revolutionary achievement, this book deserves a special place on curricula throughout the world of higher education.</p> 20 00 Open Access 01 00 03 02 https://books.ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/10.18820/9781928424277_frontcover.jpg UJ Press 01 URL https://ujpress.uj.ac.za 01 UJ Press 01 Publisher's website: home page https://ujpress.uj.ac.za/ 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/70 04 01 20190701 Kehdinga George Fomunyam 02 WORLD WORLD 09 UJ Press 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this product https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/70 20 08 20190701 01 urn:uuid:c75fc360-8ec6-49e0-b51e-70d057550d31 03 01 01 thoth-work-id urn:uuid:a7b2f9a7-4c76-477f-9e7f-77ff855b7640 01 thoth-publication-id urn:uuid:c75fc360-8ec6-49e0-b51e-70d057550d31 15 9781776489190 06 10.36615/9781776489190 00 EB E107 10 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 01 01 Demystifying the Jewel Called the ILO A Labour of Love 1 A01 Mthunzi Mdwaba Mthunzi Mdwaba 00 84 03 01 06 02 00 It is not easy to share what the International Labour Organization (ILO) is about, and what makes it one of the most important institutions in the world, without using jargon that completely loses most people who are not part of the environment that makes it function. 03 00 It is not easy to share what the International Labour Organization (ILO) is about, and what makes it one of the most important institutions in the world, without using jargon that completely loses most people who are not part of the environment that makes it function. In other words, these are the people who are the mandate givers, members of constituencies at national level and therefore the intended beneficiaries of the decisions made at the ILO. 30 00 It is not easy to share what the International Labour Organization (ILO) is about, and what makes it one of the most important institutions in the world, without using jargon that completely loses most people who are not part of the environment that makes it function. In other words, these are the people who are the mandate givers, members of constituencies at national level and therefore the intended beneficiaries of the decisions made at the ILO. 20 00 Open Access 01 00 03 02 https://books.ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/10.36615/9781776489190_frontcover.jpg UJ Press 01 URL https://ujpress.uj.ac.za 01 UJ Press 01 Publisher's website: home page https://ujpress.uj.ac.za/ 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/238 Johannesburg 04 01 20240501 Mthunzi Mdwaba 02 WORLD WORLD 11 OAPEN 36 OAPEN: webpage for this product https://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/90584 29 OAPEN: download the title https://library.oapen.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.12657/90584/Demystifying+the+Jewel+Called+the+ILO.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y 20 08 20240501 01 11 DOAB 36 DOAB: webpage for this product https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/138399 20 08 20240501 01 11 INTERNET_ARCHIVE 36 INTERNET_ARCHIVE: webpage for this product https://archive.org/details/a7b2f9a7-4c76-477f-9e7f-77ff855b7640 29 INTERNET_ARCHIVE: download the title https://archive.org/download/a7b2f9a7-4c76-477f-9e7f-77ff855b7640/a7b2f9a7-4c76-477f-9e7f-77ff855b7640.pdf 20 08 20240501 01 09 UJ Press 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this product https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/238 29 Publisher's website: download the title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/download/238/739/2777?inline=1 20 08 20240501 01 11 THOTH 36 THOTH: webpage for this product https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/238 29 THOTH: download the title https://books.ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/10.36615/9781776489190.pdf 20 08 20240501 01 urn:uuid:124141e6-9397-4a57-a70b-d1eb858d772e 03 01 01 thoth-work-id urn:uuid:4f190eb4-c770-4ab0-961d-be5c7f70c417 01 thoth-publication-id urn:uuid:124141e6-9397-4a57-a70b-d1eb858d772e 15 9781997468349 06 10.64449/9781997468356 00 BC 10 01 229 mm 01 22.9 cm 01 9.02 in 02 153 mm 02 15.3 cm 02 6.02 in 03 15 mm 03 1.5 cm 03 0.59 in Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 01 01 Design Thinking 101 Framing the Future: Exploring Empathy, Systems, and Innovation in Complex Contexts 1 A01 Vuyiwe Marambana Vuyiwe Marambana 01 eng 00 256 03 10 BUS025000 20 design 20 innovation 93 KJH 01 06 02 00 In the rapidly evolving landscape of the 21st century, the challenges we face are multifaceted and complex. Traditional methods of problem-solving, while effective in certain contexts, often fall short in addressing the dynamic and interconnected issues that characterise our world today. It is against this backdrop that Design Thinking emerges as a 03 00 In the rapidly evolving landscape of the 21st century, the challenges we face are multifaceted and complex. Traditional methods of problem-solving, while effective in certain contexts, often fall short in addressing the dynamic and interconnected issues that characterise our world today. It is against this backdrop that Design Thinking emerges as a beacon of innovation, offering a human-centred approach to problem-solving and creating value. Today, Design Thinking is embraced by different fields - from business and education to healthcare and social innovation - demonstrating its versatility and transformative potential. What makes Design Thinking powerful is its emphasis on empathy, by placing the needs, desires, and experiences of people at the heart of the problem-solving process, thereby arriving at deeply relevant and impactful solutions. 30 00 In the rapidly evolving landscape of the 21st century, the challenges we face are multifaceted and complex. Traditional methods of problem-solving, while effective in certain contexts, often fall short in addressing the dynamic and interconnected issues that characterise our world today. It is against this backdrop that Design Thinking emerges as a beacon of innovation, offering a human-centred approach to problem-solving and creating value. Today, Design Thinking is embraced by different fields - from business and education to healthcare and social innovation - demonstrating its versatility and transformative potential. What makes Design Thinking powerful is its emphasis on empathy, by placing the needs, desires, and experiences of people at the heart of the problem-solving process, thereby arriving at deeply relevant and impactful solutions. 04 00 Introduction Understanding the Steps and Principles of Design Thinking Empathising Understanding and Applying Design Thinking Styles Tools that may be used in Design Thinking Projects Conclusion 20 00 Open Access 01 00 03 02 https://books.ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/10.64449/9781997468356_frontcover.jpg UJ Press 01 URL https://ujpress.uj.ac.za 01 UJ Press 01 Publisher's website: home page https://ujpress.uj.ac.za/ 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/352 Johannesburg 04 01 20251124 Vuyiwe Marambana 02 WORLD 06 15 9781997468356 06 15 9781997468370 06 15 9781997468363 WORLD 11 Unknown 36 Unspecified hosting platform: webpage for this product https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/352 20 08 20251124 01 urn:uuid:c37b5736-1c52-4703-b424-a15541dfc5e1 03 01 01 thoth-work-id urn:uuid:4f190eb4-c770-4ab0-961d-be5c7f70c417 01 thoth-publication-id urn:uuid:c37b5736-1c52-4703-b424-a15541dfc5e1 15 9781997468356 06 10.64449/9781997468356 00 EB E107 10 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 01 01 Design Thinking 101 Framing the Future: Exploring Empathy, Systems, and Innovation in Complex Contexts 1 A01 Vuyiwe Marambana Vuyiwe Marambana 01 eng 00 256 03 10 BUS025000 20 design 20 innovation 93 KJH 01 06 02 00 In the rapidly evolving landscape of the 21st century, the challenges we face are multifaceted and complex. Traditional methods of problem-solving, while effective in certain contexts, often fall short in addressing the dynamic and interconnected issues that characterise our world today. It is against this backdrop that Design Thinking emerges as a 03 00 In the rapidly evolving landscape of the 21st century, the challenges we face are multifaceted and complex. Traditional methods of problem-solving, while effective in certain contexts, often fall short in addressing the dynamic and interconnected issues that characterise our world today. It is against this backdrop that Design Thinking emerges as a beacon of innovation, offering a human-centred approach to problem-solving and creating value. Today, Design Thinking is embraced by different fields - from business and education to healthcare and social innovation - demonstrating its versatility and transformative potential. What makes Design Thinking powerful is its emphasis on empathy, by placing the needs, desires, and experiences of people at the heart of the problem-solving process, thereby arriving at deeply relevant and impactful solutions. 30 00 In the rapidly evolving landscape of the 21st century, the challenges we face are multifaceted and complex. Traditional methods of problem-solving, while effective in certain contexts, often fall short in addressing the dynamic and interconnected issues that characterise our world today. It is against this backdrop that Design Thinking emerges as a beacon of innovation, offering a human-centred approach to problem-solving and creating value. Today, Design Thinking is embraced by different fields - from business and education to healthcare and social innovation - demonstrating its versatility and transformative potential. What makes Design Thinking powerful is its emphasis on empathy, by placing the needs, desires, and experiences of people at the heart of the problem-solving process, thereby arriving at deeply relevant and impactful solutions. 04 00 Introduction Understanding the Steps and Principles of Design Thinking Empathising Understanding and Applying Design Thinking Styles Tools that may be used in Design Thinking Projects Conclusion 20 00 Open Access 01 00 03 02 https://books.ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/10.64449/9781997468356_frontcover.jpg UJ Press 01 URL https://ujpress.uj.ac.za 01 UJ Press 01 Publisher's website: home page https://ujpress.uj.ac.za/ 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/352 Johannesburg 04 01 20251124 Vuyiwe Marambana 02 WORLD 06 15 9781997468349 06 15 9781997468370 06 15 9781997468363 WORLD 11 OAPEN 36 OAPEN: webpage for this product https://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/109022 29 OAPEN: download the title https://library.oapen.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.12657/109022/9781997468356.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y 20 08 20251124 01 09 UJ Press 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this product https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/352 29 Publisher's website: download the title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/download/352/1355/6222?inline=1 20 08 20251124 01 urn:uuid:f4f13e14-ffd9-4703-bc08-cb0f929f7070 03 01 01 thoth-work-id urn:uuid:4f190eb4-c770-4ab0-961d-be5c7f70c417 01 thoth-publication-id urn:uuid:f4f13e14-ffd9-4703-bc08-cb0f929f7070 15 9781997468370 06 10.64449/9781997468356 00 EB E113 10 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 01 01 Design Thinking 101 Framing the Future: Exploring Empathy, Systems, and Innovation in Complex Contexts 1 A01 Vuyiwe Marambana Vuyiwe Marambana 01 eng 00 256 03 10 BUS025000 20 design 20 innovation 93 KJH 01 06 02 00 In the rapidly evolving landscape of the 21st century, the challenges we face are multifaceted and complex. Traditional methods of problem-solving, while effective in certain contexts, often fall short in addressing the dynamic and interconnected issues that characterise our world today. It is against this backdrop that Design Thinking emerges as a 03 00 In the rapidly evolving landscape of the 21st century, the challenges we face are multifaceted and complex. Traditional methods of problem-solving, while effective in certain contexts, often fall short in addressing the dynamic and interconnected issues that characterise our world today. It is against this backdrop that Design Thinking emerges as a beacon of innovation, offering a human-centred approach to problem-solving and creating value. Today, Design Thinking is embraced by different fields - from business and education to healthcare and social innovation - demonstrating its versatility and transformative potential. What makes Design Thinking powerful is its emphasis on empathy, by placing the needs, desires, and experiences of people at the heart of the problem-solving process, thereby arriving at deeply relevant and impactful solutions. 30 00 In the rapidly evolving landscape of the 21st century, the challenges we face are multifaceted and complex. Traditional methods of problem-solving, while effective in certain contexts, often fall short in addressing the dynamic and interconnected issues that characterise our world today. It is against this backdrop that Design Thinking emerges as a beacon of innovation, offering a human-centred approach to problem-solving and creating value. Today, Design Thinking is embraced by different fields - from business and education to healthcare and social innovation - demonstrating its versatility and transformative potential. What makes Design Thinking powerful is its emphasis on empathy, by placing the needs, desires, and experiences of people at the heart of the problem-solving process, thereby arriving at deeply relevant and impactful solutions. 04 00 Introduction Understanding the Steps and Principles of Design Thinking Empathising Understanding and Applying Design Thinking Styles Tools that may be used in Design Thinking Projects Conclusion 20 00 Open Access 01 00 03 02 https://books.ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/10.64449/9781997468356_frontcover.jpg UJ Press 01 URL https://ujpress.uj.ac.za 01 UJ Press 01 Publisher's website: home page https://ujpress.uj.ac.za/ 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/352 Johannesburg 04 01 20251124 Vuyiwe Marambana 02 WORLD 06 15 9781997468349 06 15 9781997468356 06 15 9781997468363 WORLD 09 UJ Press 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this product https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/352 29 Publisher's website: download the title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/$$$call$$$/api/file/file-api/download-file?submissionFileId=6224&submissionId=352&stageId=5 20 08 20251124 01 urn:uuid:45957bf7-adca-4c99-a322-821db4542113 03 01 01 thoth-work-id urn:uuid:4f190eb4-c770-4ab0-961d-be5c7f70c417 01 thoth-publication-id urn:uuid:45957bf7-adca-4c99-a322-821db4542113 15 9781997468363 06 10.64449/9781997468356 00 EB E101 10 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 01 01 Design Thinking 101 Framing the Future: Exploring Empathy, Systems, and Innovation in Complex Contexts 1 A01 Vuyiwe Marambana Vuyiwe Marambana 01 eng 00 256 03 10 BUS025000 20 design 20 innovation 93 KJH 01 06 02 00 In the rapidly evolving landscape of the 21st century, the challenges we face are multifaceted and complex. Traditional methods of problem-solving, while effective in certain contexts, often fall short in addressing the dynamic and interconnected issues that characterise our world today. It is against this backdrop that Design Thinking emerges as a 03 00 In the rapidly evolving landscape of the 21st century, the challenges we face are multifaceted and complex. Traditional methods of problem-solving, while effective in certain contexts, often fall short in addressing the dynamic and interconnected issues that characterise our world today. It is against this backdrop that Design Thinking emerges as a beacon of innovation, offering a human-centred approach to problem-solving and creating value. Today, Design Thinking is embraced by different fields - from business and education to healthcare and social innovation - demonstrating its versatility and transformative potential. What makes Design Thinking powerful is its emphasis on empathy, by placing the needs, desires, and experiences of people at the heart of the problem-solving process, thereby arriving at deeply relevant and impactful solutions. 30 00 In the rapidly evolving landscape of the 21st century, the challenges we face are multifaceted and complex. Traditional methods of problem-solving, while effective in certain contexts, often fall short in addressing the dynamic and interconnected issues that characterise our world today. It is against this backdrop that Design Thinking emerges as a beacon of innovation, offering a human-centred approach to problem-solving and creating value. Today, Design Thinking is embraced by different fields - from business and education to healthcare and social innovation - demonstrating its versatility and transformative potential. What makes Design Thinking powerful is its emphasis on empathy, by placing the needs, desires, and experiences of people at the heart of the problem-solving process, thereby arriving at deeply relevant and impactful solutions. 04 00 Introduction Understanding the Steps and Principles of Design Thinking Empathising Understanding and Applying Design Thinking Styles Tools that may be used in Design Thinking Projects Conclusion 20 00 Open Access 01 00 03 02 https://books.ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/10.64449/9781997468356_frontcover.jpg UJ Press 01 URL https://ujpress.uj.ac.za 01 UJ Press 01 Publisher's website: home page https://ujpress.uj.ac.za/ 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/352 Johannesburg 04 01 20251124 Vuyiwe Marambana 02 WORLD 06 15 9781997468349 06 15 9781997468356 06 15 9781997468370 WORLD 09 UJ Press 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this product https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/352 29 Publisher's website: download the title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/$$$call$$$/api/file/file-api/download-file?submissionFileId=6223&submissionId=352&stageId=5 20 08 20251124 01 urn:uuid:a9cb923d-62b1-42c5-96ff-203d9541f6ee 03 01 01 thoth-work-id urn:uuid:681b0cd4-c0ed-4c8c-9106-6c062f0dc90f 01 thoth-publication-id urn:uuid:a9cb923d-62b1-42c5-96ff-203d9541f6ee 15 9781776434183 06 10.36615/9781776434190 00 BC 10 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 01 01 Developmental Integration and Industrialisation in Southern Africa 1 A01 21 0000-0001-8090-8323 Siphumelele Duma Siphumelele Duma 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 01 eng 00 194 03 10 BUS068000 20 Industrialisation 20 Infrastructure 93 KCM 01 06 02 00 Since the beginning of decolonisation in Africa, regional integration has become one of the most potent defining characteristics of the continent’s quest for industrialisation and sustainable development. 03 00 Since the beginning of decolonisation in Africa, regional integration has become one of the most potent defining characteristics of the continent’s quest for industrialisation and sustainable development. It was understood that the individual continental economies could not achieve the requisite level of industrial development to meet their respective development objectives due to the colonial policy of balkanisation, which divided the continent into small, economically unviable units. In 1992, the Southern African Development Community (SADC) adopted developmental integration, an approach to regional integration to engender industrialisation and address the region’s development challenges. This book offers a critical assessment and examination of this approach as to how it has influenced the industrialisation process in Southern Africa. If so, why has it failed to accelerate the region’s industrialisation and structural transformation process? It contributes significantly to cross-cutting development debates on the African continent, particularly in southern Africa. More importantly, in understanding the nexus between developmental integration and industrialisation. 30 00 Since the beginning of decolonisation in Africa, regional integration has become one of the most potent defining characteristics of the continent’s quest for industrialisation and sustainable development. It was understood that the individual continental economies could not achieve the requisite level of industrial development to meet their respective development objectives due to the colonial policy of balkanisation, which divided the continent into small, economically unviable units. In 1992, the Southern African Development Community (SADC) adopted developmental integration, an approach to regional integration to engender industrialisation and address the region’s development challenges. This book offers a critical assessment and examination of this approach as to how it has influenced the industrialisation process in Southern Africa. If so, why has it failed to accelerate the region’s industrialisation and structural transformation process? It contributes significantly to cross-cutting development debates on the African continent, particularly in southern Africa. More importantly, in understanding the nexus between developmental integration and industrialisation. 04 00 Introduction: Understanding SADC’s Quest for Industrialisation Industrial Policy and Industrialisation Post-independence Approaches to Industrialisation in Africa Historical Evolution of SADC: From Cooperation to Integration Financing Industrialisation in SADC SADC's Industrialisation through Developmental Integration Country Case Studies 30 Years of the Developmental Integration Quest for Industrialisation in SADC Conclusion: Re-engineering the State to Take Action in SADC 20 00 Open Access 01 00 03 02 https://books.ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/10.36615/9781776434190_frontcover.jpg UJ Press 01 URL https://ujpress.uj.ac.za 01 UJ Press 01 Publisher's website: home page https://ujpress.uj.ac.za/ 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/181 Johannesburg 04 01 20230518 Siphumelele Duma 02 WORLD 06 15 9781776434190 06 15 9781776436019 06 15 9781776436002 WORLD 11 Unknown 36 Unspecified hosting platform: webpage for this product https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/181 29 Unspecified hosting platform: download the title https://www.takealot.com/developmental-integration-and-industrialisation-in-southern-afri/PLID93165970 20 08 20230518 01 urn:uuid:ec84cd91-92f9-416b-a58c-27768636ae02 03 01 01 thoth-work-id urn:uuid:681b0cd4-c0ed-4c8c-9106-6c062f0dc90f 01 thoth-publication-id urn:uuid:ec84cd91-92f9-416b-a58c-27768636ae02 15 9781776434190 06 10.36615/9781776434190 00 EB E107 10 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 01 01 Developmental Integration and Industrialisation in Southern Africa 1 A01 21 0000-0001-8090-8323 Siphumelele Duma Siphumelele Duma 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 01 eng 00 194 03 10 BUS068000 20 Industrialisation 20 Infrastructure 93 KCM 01 06 02 00 Since the beginning of decolonisation in Africa, regional integration has become one of the most potent defining characteristics of the continent’s quest for industrialisation and sustainable development. 03 00 Since the beginning of decolonisation in Africa, regional integration has become one of the most potent defining characteristics of the continent’s quest for industrialisation and sustainable development. It was understood that the individual continental economies could not achieve the requisite level of industrial development to meet their respective development objectives due to the colonial policy of balkanisation, which divided the continent into small, economically unviable units. In 1992, the Southern African Development Community (SADC) adopted developmental integration, an approach to regional integration to engender industrialisation and address the region’s development challenges. This book offers a critical assessment and examination of this approach as to how it has influenced the industrialisation process in Southern Africa. If so, why has it failed to accelerate the region’s industrialisation and structural transformation process? It contributes significantly to cross-cutting development debates on the African continent, particularly in southern Africa. More importantly, in understanding the nexus between developmental integration and industrialisation. 30 00 Since the beginning of decolonisation in Africa, regional integration has become one of the most potent defining characteristics of the continent’s quest for industrialisation and sustainable development. It was understood that the individual continental economies could not achieve the requisite level of industrial development to meet their respective development objectives due to the colonial policy of balkanisation, which divided the continent into small, economically unviable units. In 1992, the Southern African Development Community (SADC) adopted developmental integration, an approach to regional integration to engender industrialisation and address the region’s development challenges. This book offers a critical assessment and examination of this approach as to how it has influenced the industrialisation process in Southern Africa. If so, why has it failed to accelerate the region’s industrialisation and structural transformation process? It contributes significantly to cross-cutting development debates on the African continent, particularly in southern Africa. More importantly, in understanding the nexus between developmental integration and industrialisation. 04 00 Introduction: Understanding SADC’s Quest for Industrialisation Industrial Policy and Industrialisation Post-independence Approaches to Industrialisation in Africa Historical Evolution of SADC: From Cooperation to Integration Financing Industrialisation in SADC SADC's Industrialisation through Developmental Integration Country Case Studies 30 Years of the Developmental Integration Quest for Industrialisation in SADC Conclusion: Re-engineering the State to Take Action in SADC 20 00 Open Access 01 00 03 02 https://books.ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/10.36615/9781776434190_frontcover.jpg UJ Press 01 URL https://ujpress.uj.ac.za 01 UJ Press 01 Publisher's website: home page https://ujpress.uj.ac.za/ 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/181 Johannesburg 04 01 20230518 Siphumelele Duma 02 WORLD 06 15 9781776434183 06 15 9781776436019 06 15 9781776436002 WORLD 11 Unknown 36 Unspecified hosting platform: webpage for this product https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/181 29 Unspecified hosting platform: download the title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/view/181/479/1572 20 08 20230518 01 11 THOTH 36 THOTH: webpage for this product https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/181 29 THOTH: download the title https://books.ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/10.36615/9781776434190.pdf 20 08 20230518 01 urn:uuid:68c70687-3e47-413d-a321-b29a9822f334 03 01 01 thoth-work-id urn:uuid:681b0cd4-c0ed-4c8c-9106-6c062f0dc90f 01 thoth-publication-id urn:uuid:68c70687-3e47-413d-a321-b29a9822f334 15 9781776436019 06 10.36615/9781776434190 00 EB E113 10 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 01 01 Developmental Integration and Industrialisation in Southern Africa 1 A01 21 0000-0001-8090-8323 Siphumelele Duma Siphumelele Duma 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 01 eng 00 194 03 10 BUS068000 20 Industrialisation 20 Infrastructure 93 KCM 01 06 02 00 Since the beginning of decolonisation in Africa, regional integration has become one of the most potent defining characteristics of the continent’s quest for industrialisation and sustainable development. 03 00 Since the beginning of decolonisation in Africa, regional integration has become one of the most potent defining characteristics of the continent’s quest for industrialisation and sustainable development. It was understood that the individual continental economies could not achieve the requisite level of industrial development to meet their respective development objectives due to the colonial policy of balkanisation, which divided the continent into small, economically unviable units. In 1992, the Southern African Development Community (SADC) adopted developmental integration, an approach to regional integration to engender industrialisation and address the region’s development challenges. This book offers a critical assessment and examination of this approach as to how it has influenced the industrialisation process in Southern Africa. If so, why has it failed to accelerate the region’s industrialisation and structural transformation process? It contributes significantly to cross-cutting development debates on the African continent, particularly in southern Africa. More importantly, in understanding the nexus between developmental integration and industrialisation. 30 00 Since the beginning of decolonisation in Africa, regional integration has become one of the most potent defining characteristics of the continent’s quest for industrialisation and sustainable development. It was understood that the individual continental economies could not achieve the requisite level of industrial development to meet their respective development objectives due to the colonial policy of balkanisation, which divided the continent into small, economically unviable units. In 1992, the Southern African Development Community (SADC) adopted developmental integration, an approach to regional integration to engender industrialisation and address the region’s development challenges. This book offers a critical assessment and examination of this approach as to how it has influenced the industrialisation process in Southern Africa. If so, why has it failed to accelerate the region’s industrialisation and structural transformation process? It contributes significantly to cross-cutting development debates on the African continent, particularly in southern Africa. More importantly, in understanding the nexus between developmental integration and industrialisation. 04 00 Introduction: Understanding SADC’s Quest for Industrialisation Industrial Policy and Industrialisation Post-independence Approaches to Industrialisation in Africa Historical Evolution of SADC: From Cooperation to Integration Financing Industrialisation in SADC SADC's Industrialisation through Developmental Integration Country Case Studies 30 Years of the Developmental Integration Quest for Industrialisation in SADC Conclusion: Re-engineering the State to Take Action in SADC 20 00 Open Access 01 00 03 02 https://books.ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/10.36615/9781776434190_frontcover.jpg UJ Press 01 URL https://ujpress.uj.ac.za 01 UJ Press 01 Publisher's website: home page https://ujpress.uj.ac.za/ 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/181 Johannesburg 04 01 20230518 Siphumelele Duma 02 WORLD 06 15 9781776434183 06 15 9781776434190 06 15 9781776436002 WORLD 11 Unknown 36 Unspecified hosting platform: webpage for this product https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/181 29 Unspecified hosting platform: download the title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/view/181/481/1574 20 08 20230518 01 urn:uuid:7475b783-1ff5-471b-b690-30f174a01090 03 01 01 thoth-work-id urn:uuid:681b0cd4-c0ed-4c8c-9106-6c062f0dc90f 01 thoth-publication-id urn:uuid:7475b783-1ff5-471b-b690-30f174a01090 15 9781776436002 06 10.36615/9781776434190 00 EB E101 10 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 01 01 Developmental Integration and Industrialisation in Southern Africa 1 A01 21 0000-0001-8090-8323 Siphumelele Duma Siphumelele Duma 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 01 eng 00 194 03 10 BUS068000 20 Industrialisation 20 Infrastructure 93 KCM 01 06 02 00 Since the beginning of decolonisation in Africa, regional integration has become one of the most potent defining characteristics of the continent’s quest for industrialisation and sustainable development. 03 00 Since the beginning of decolonisation in Africa, regional integration has become one of the most potent defining characteristics of the continent’s quest for industrialisation and sustainable development. It was understood that the individual continental economies could not achieve the requisite level of industrial development to meet their respective development objectives due to the colonial policy of balkanisation, which divided the continent into small, economically unviable units. In 1992, the Southern African Development Community (SADC) adopted developmental integration, an approach to regional integration to engender industrialisation and address the region’s development challenges. This book offers a critical assessment and examination of this approach as to how it has influenced the industrialisation process in Southern Africa. If so, why has it failed to accelerate the region’s industrialisation and structural transformation process? It contributes significantly to cross-cutting development debates on the African continent, particularly in southern Africa. More importantly, in understanding the nexus between developmental integration and industrialisation. 30 00 Since the beginning of decolonisation in Africa, regional integration has become one of the most potent defining characteristics of the continent’s quest for industrialisation and sustainable development. It was understood that the individual continental economies could not achieve the requisite level of industrial development to meet their respective development objectives due to the colonial policy of balkanisation, which divided the continent into small, economically unviable units. In 1992, the Southern African Development Community (SADC) adopted developmental integration, an approach to regional integration to engender industrialisation and address the region’s development challenges. This book offers a critical assessment and examination of this approach as to how it has influenced the industrialisation process in Southern Africa. If so, why has it failed to accelerate the region’s industrialisation and structural transformation process? It contributes significantly to cross-cutting development debates on the African continent, particularly in southern Africa. More importantly, in understanding the nexus between developmental integration and industrialisation. 04 00 Introduction: Understanding SADC’s Quest for Industrialisation Industrial Policy and Industrialisation Post-independence Approaches to Industrialisation in Africa Historical Evolution of SADC: From Cooperation to Integration Financing Industrialisation in SADC SADC's Industrialisation through Developmental Integration Country Case Studies 30 Years of the Developmental Integration Quest for Industrialisation in SADC Conclusion: Re-engineering the State to Take Action in SADC 20 00 Open Access 01 00 03 02 https://books.ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/10.36615/9781776434190_frontcover.jpg UJ Press 01 URL https://ujpress.uj.ac.za 01 UJ Press 01 Publisher's website: home page https://ujpress.uj.ac.za/ 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/181 Johannesburg 04 01 20230518 Siphumelele Duma 02 WORLD 06 15 9781776434183 06 15 9781776434190 06 15 9781776436019 WORLD 11 Unknown 36 Unspecified hosting platform: webpage for this product https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/181 29 Unspecified hosting platform: download the title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/view/181/480/1573 20 08 20230518 01 urn:uuid:7e8f2717-6462-447e-b9cf-9387e2ddb801 03 01 01 thoth-work-id urn:uuid:c9b8aaee-214e-48fa-b3be-d26482956a60 01 thoth-publication-id urn:uuid:7e8f2717-6462-447e-b9cf-9387e2ddb801 15 9781997468547 06 10.64449/9781997468554 00 BC 10 01 228 mm 01 22.8 cm 01 8.98 in 02 152 mm 02 15.2 cm 02 5.98 in 03 30 mm 03 3 cm 03 1.18 in Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ 01 01 Development in the Anthropocene The tough task of working towards planetary well-being with low-income households 1 B01 21 0000-0001-5296-9209 Montagu Murray Montagu Murray 40 0148zjm56 Nova Institute NPC 40 00g0p6g84 University of Pretoria 2 B01 21 0000-0001-6900-688X J C Pauw J C Pauw 40 009xwd568 University of the Free State 3 A01 21 0000-0002-5607-7352 Sytse Strijbos Sytse Strijbos 40 0148zjm56 Nova Institute NPC 4 A01 21 0000-0003-0663-6969 Attie S. van Niekerk Attie S. van Niekerk 40 0148zjm56 Nova Institute NPC 40 00g0p6g84 University of Pretoria 5 A01 21 0000-0001-5709-0850 Kasebwe Timothee Luc Kabongo Kasebwe Kabongo 40 00g0p6g84 University of Pretoria 6 A01 21 0000-0003-1463-1914 Valerie Møller Valerie Møller 40 016sewp10 Rhodes University 7 A01 21 0000-0002-0331-7295 Roberto Rocco Roberto Rocco 40 02e2c7k09 Technische Universiteit Delft 9 A01 21 0000-0002-6290-6129 Claudine Roos Claudine Roos 40 010f1sq29 North-West University 10 A01 21 0000-0002-6889-0631 Phathutshedzo Mukwevhu Phathutshedzo Mukwevhu 40 010f1sq29 North-West University 11 A01 21 0000-0001-8475-4245 Jako Viviers Jako Viviers 40 010f1sq29 North-West University 12 A01 21 0000-0001-8621-5130 Selna Cornelius Selna Cornelius 40 010f1sq29 North-West University 13 A01 21 0000-0002-8189-0695 Niké S. Wesch Niké S. Wesch 40 010f1sq29 North-West University 14 A01 21 0009-0003-6311-7951 Catherine Senyolo Catherine Senyolo 40 0148zjm56 Nova Institute NPC 15 A01 21 0000-0002-4506-437X Nicolette V Roman Nicolette V Roman 40 00h2vm590 University of the Western Cape 16 A01 21 0000-0002-2079-5539 Betsie le Roux Betsie le Roux 40 0148zjm56 Nova Institute NPC 17 A01 21 0000-0001-9329-1684 Pierre Reyneke Pierre Reyneke 40 0148zjm56 Nova Institute NPC 18 A01 21 0000-0003-2489-8479 Antoinette van der Merwe Antoinette van der Merwe 40 00h2vm590 University of the Western Cape 19 A01 21 0000-0001-5299-5335 Catherina Schenck Catherina Schenck 40 00h2vm590 University of the Western Cape 20 A01 21 0009-0006-4907-3210 Liam Swanepoel Liam Swanepoel 40 0148zjm56 Nova Institute NPC 21 A01 Mbally Mdluli Mbally Mdluli 40 0148zjm56 Nova Institute NPC 22 A01 21 0009-0000-5228-7769 Tertius Murray Tertius Murray 40 0148zjm56 Nova Institute NPC 23 A01 21 0000-0003-0936-2051 Kristy Langerman Kristy Langerman 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 24 A01 21 0009-0001-9735-2250 Hendrik. J. Smith Hendrik. J. Smith 40 0148zjm56 Nova Institute NPC 25 A01 21 0000-0001-9864-4581 Rirhandzu Novela Rirhandzu Novela 40 0148zjm56 Nova Institute NPC 26 A01 21 0000-0001-5464-7158 Bianca Wernecke Bianca Wernecke 27 A01 21 0000-0002-1546-1024 Christiaan J Pauw Christiaan Pauw 40 0148zjm56 Nova Institute NPC 40 00g0p6g84 University of Pretoria 28 A01 21 0000-0001-6888-3362 Juliana E. Goncalves Juliana E. Goncalves 40 02e2c7k09 Technische Universiteit Delft 29 A01 21 0000-0003-4848-5871 Jurie Moolman Jurie Moolman 40 010f1sq29 North-West University 01 eng 00 566 03 20 anthropocene 20 development 93 GTP 20 low-income households 20 planetary well-being 10 SOC042000 01 06 02 00 The pith of this book is interventions to collaboratively better the lives of low-income households with their development on a local scale. These interventions are co-created with communities. Successful interventions to provide more efficient and less polluting energy, treatment of waste, and sanitation are discussed here. 03 00 The pith of this book is interventions to collaboratively better the lives of low-income households with their development on a local scale. These interventions are co-created with communities. Successful interventions to provide more efficient and less polluting energy, treatment of waste, and sanitation are discussed here. Access to water is also discussed. They all contribute to planetary well-being in their small way. These are not the only developmental topics: early childhood development, artificial intelligence, policy-making, urban planning, intervention models, and research tools are also on the table. 30 00 The pith of this book is interventions to collaboratively better the lives of low-income households with their development on a local scale. These interventions are co-created with communities. Successful interventions to provide more efficient and less polluting energy, treatment of waste, and sanitation are discussed here. Access to water is also discussed. They all contribute to planetary well-being in their small way. These are not the only developmental topics: early childhood development, artificial intelligence, policy-making, urban planning, intervention models, and research tools are also on the table. 04 00 Overview  J C Pauw, Montagu Murray Part One: Philosophical considerations Chapter 1: Planetary well-being as development goal in the Anthropocene Montagu Murray Chapter 2: The battle of faith and technology in the Anthropocene: climate alarmism versus eco-modernism - between rupture and next step  Sytse Strijbos Part Two: Interventions Chapter 3: An approach to identifying reasonable health-oriented air quality interventions in a data-constrained context  Christiaan J. Pauw, Bianca Wernecke, Rirhandzu Novela, Hendrik. J. Smith Chapter 4: Sustainable energy interventions in low-income households in the Anthropocene: Case studies of the uptake of cleaner energy  Kristy Langerman, Tertius Murray, Mbally Mdluli, Liam Swanepoel, Christiaan J Pauw, Montagu Murray Chapter 5: No time to waste: Lessons learned from waste management in the absence of public services  Catherina Schenck, Antoinette van der Merwe, Pierre Reyneke Chapter 6: Knowledge is power: the danger of knowledge in the search for sanitation solutions with African communities  Attie van Niekerk, Betsie le Roux, Antoinette van der Merwe Chapter 7: Flourishing Early Childhood Development through empowering families: The contribution of the CHICS Programme to parental agency and family-ECD dynamics  Nicolette V Roman, Antoinette van der Merwe, Catherine Senyolo Part Three: Transversals  Chapter 8: The tough task of enhancing the capabilities of low-income households to benefit from the Fourth Industrial Revolution  Christiaan J. Pauw Chapter 9: From consultation to collaboration: a comparative analysis of public participation in low-income communities  Niké S. Wesch, Selna Cornelius, Jako Viviers Chapter 10: The role of scientific evidence in public policymaking for the bio-physical environment where South Africans live  J C Pauw, Phathutshedzo Mukwevhu, Claudine Roos, Jurie Moolman Chapter 11: A case study of deteriorating services in two South African townships and possible implications for spatial justice for cities in the Anthropocene  Caroline Newton, Juliana Gonçalves, Montagu Murray, Roberto Rocco Chapter 12: Case studies in the quality-of-life assessment of cleaner energy interventions through ‘narratives of impact’  Valerie Møller, Montagu Murray Part Four: Autoethnography  Chapter 13: Involvement with a Not-For-Profit Company: An Insight from a Mission Worker  Kasebwe Timothee Luc Kabongo Chapter 14: Sceptical environmentalism  Christiaan J. Pauw Part Five: The golden thread Chapter 15: Drawing the strings together  J C Pauw, Montagu Murray 20 00 Open Access 01 00 03 02 Development in the Anthropocene cover 02 https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/$$$call$$$/submission/cover/cover?submissionId=323&random=323692ea1c50f74e 1 03 06 10.64449/9781997468554-00 1 10 10 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Overview 1 A01 21 0000-0001-6900-688X J C Pauw J C Pauw 40 009xwd568 University of the Free State 2 A01 21 0000-0001-5296-9209 Montagu Murray Montagu Murray 40 00g0p6g84 University of Pretoria 01 eng 02 00 The pith of this book is interventions to collaboratively better the lives of low-income households with their development on a local scale. These interventions are co-created with communities by a not-for-profit company based in South Africa. 03 00 The pith of this book is interventions to collaboratively better the lives of low-income households with their development on a local scale. These interventions are co-created with communities by a not-for-profit company based in South Africa. Successful interventions to provide more efficient and less polluting energy, treatment of waste, and sanitation are discussed here. Access to water is also discussed. They all contribute to planetary well-being in their small way. These are not the only developmental topics: early childhood development (ECD), artificial intelligence (AI), policymaking, urban planning, intervention models, and research tools are also on the table. 30 00 The pith of this book is interventions to collaboratively better the lives of low-income households with their development on a local scale. These interventions are co-created with communities by a not-for-profit company based in South Africa. Successful interventions to provide more efficient and less polluting energy, treatment of waste, and sanitation are discussed here. Access to water is also discussed. They all contribute to planetary well-being in their small way. These are not the only developmental topics: early childhood development (ECD), artificial intelligence (AI), policymaking, urban planning, intervention models, and research tools are also on the table. 20 00 Open Access Montagu Murray, J C Pauw 2 03 06 10.64449/9781997468554-01 13 41 29 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Planetary well-being as development goal in the Anthropocene 1 A01 21 0000-0001-5296-9209 Montagu Murray Montagu Murray 40 00g0p6g84 University of Pretoria 01 eng 02 00 The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, which sets out 17 goals with a comprehensive vision for sustainable development globally, was adopted by all the countries in the United Nations in 2015. The 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) build upon, but are also an improvement on, the eigh 03 00 The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, which sets out 17 goals with a comprehensive vision for sustainable development globally, was adopted by all the countries in the United Nations in 2015. The 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) build upon, but are also an improvement on, the eight Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) adopted by UN member states in September 2000. In this chapter, it will be argued that our evolving understanding of the implications of living in the time of the Anthropocene calls for Planetary Well-being Goals (PWGs) that build upon, but can also improve, the SDGs. Planetary well-being can be defined as the highest attainable standard of well-being for human and living non-human beings within the integrated Earth system. The meaning of this concept will be explored, drawing on disciplines such as Philosophy, Development Studies, Quality of Life Studies, Sociology, Geology, and Theology. The analysis is further informed by personal experiences in development work and quality-of-life impact assessments. The chapter concludes with a list of possible PWGs and some of the most pertinent complexities to navigate going forward. 30 00 The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, which sets out 17 goals with a comprehensive vision for sustainable development globally, was adopted by all the countries in the United Nations in 2015. The 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) build upon, but are also an improvement on, the eight Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) adopted by UN member states in September 2000. In this chapter, it will be argued that our evolving understanding of the implications of living in the time of the Anthropocene calls for Planetary Well-being Goals (PWGs) that build upon, but can also improve, the SDGs. Planetary well-being can be defined as the highest attainable standard of well-being for human and living non-human beings within the integrated Earth system. The meaning of this concept will be explored, drawing on disciplines such as Philosophy, Development Studies, Quality of Life Studies, Sociology, Geology, and Theology. The analysis is further informed by personal experiences in development work and quality-of-life impact assessments. The chapter concludes with a list of possible PWGs and some of the most pertinent complexities to navigate going forward. 20 00 Open Access Montagu Murray 3 03 06 10.64449/9781997468554-02 43 64 22 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 The battle of faith and technology in the Anthropocene: Climate alarmism versus eco-modernism - between rupture and next step 1 A01 Sytse Strijbos Sytse Strijbos 01 eng 02 00 Many people today are seriously concerned with global warming because of human actions and, consequently, the liveability of our planet for future generations. In the societal debate, two directly opposing camps face one another in a contest around faith and technology in the Anthropocene. 03 00 Many people today are seriously concerned with global warming because of human actions and, consequently, the liveability of our planet for future generations. In the societal debate, two directly opposing camps face one another in a contest around faith and technology in the Anthropocene. This chapter offers a critical analysis of both by discussing the ideas of two of its prominent exponents, namely Clive Hamilton (for the climate alarmists) and Braden Allenby (for the eco-modernists). The key point of the analysis is that these parties are inescapably caught in a conflict which cannot hope for a resolution. This is because they are rooted in modernity, which disconnects Earth from its relationship with Heaven and the Creator of Heaven and Earth. 30 00 Many people today are seriously concerned with global warming because of human actions and, consequently, the liveability of our planet for future generations. In the societal debate, two directly opposing camps face one another in a contest around faith and technology in the Anthropocene. This chapter offers a critical analysis of both by discussing the ideas of two of its prominent exponents, namely Clive Hamilton (for the climate alarmists) and Braden Allenby (for the eco-modernists). The key point of the analysis is that these parties are inescapably caught in a conflict which cannot hope for a resolution. This is because they are rooted in modernity, which disconnects Earth from its relationship with Heaven and the Creator of Heaven and Earth. 20 00 Open Access Sytse Strijbos 4 03 06 10.64449/9781997468554-03 67 115 49 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 An approach to identifying reasonable health-oriented air quality interventions in a data-constrained context 1 A01 Christiaan J. Pauw Christiaan J. Pauw 40 00g0p6g84 University of Pretoria 2 A01 21 0000-0001-5464-7158 Bianca Wernecke Bianca Wernecke 3 A01 21 0000-0001-9864-4581 Rirhandzu Novela Rirhandzu Novela 4 A01 21 0009-0001-9735-2250 Hendrik. J. Smith Hendrik. J. Smith 01 eng 02 00 Decreasing industrial emissions receives significant attention and funding. Non-industrial sources from within residential areas are relatively neglected, despite potentially having a higher impact on human health. Implementing evidence-based air quality interventions to improve health in low-income households is a compl 03 00 Decreasing industrial emissions receives significant attention and funding. Non-industrial sources from within residential areas are relatively neglected, despite potentially having a higher impact on human health. Implementing evidence-based air quality interventions to improve health in low-income households is a complex endeavour. This is especially true when targeting local, non-industrial sources. Complexity is apparent in (i) measuring air quality, (ii) quantifying source-specific exposure, (iii) establishing exposure-response, (iv) identifying and prioritising key micro-environments and meso-airsheds that are amenable to intervention, (v) developing and selecting interventions within the reality of low-income households and settlements, and (vi) measuring intervention success in a dynamic context. Some sources have not been researched in depth from the perspectives of air quality and health. This includes sources that are prevalent in low-income settings but not in high-income countries. A lack of high confidence results from air quality and health research about such sources hampers decision-making regarding some intra-community interventions in low-income settings. To make progress with improving health through air quality interventions, we propose (i) considerations regarding the selection of pollutants to target, (ii) considerations regarding exposure reduction, (iii) proceeding with sufficiently positive interventions where sufficient knowledge is available, (iv) an evidence-based1method for intervention development and selection in particular communities or subgroups of households, (v) an appropriate approach to air quality impact evaluation in dynamic environments, (vi) actively avoiding zero-impact interventions, (vii) targeted research regarding specific topics, (viii) respecting the intended beneficiary, (ix) considering the impact of green policies that potentially increase pollutant exposure suffered by members of low-income households by increasing energy cost, and (x) clarifying ambient air. 30 00 Decreasing industrial emissions receives significant attention and funding. Non-industrial sources from within residential areas are relatively neglected, despite potentially having a higher impact on human health. Implementing evidence-based air quality interventions to improve health in low-income households is a complex endeavour. This is especially true when targeting local, non-industrial sources. Complexity is apparent in (i) measuring air quality, (ii) quantifying source-specific exposure, (iii) establishing exposure-response, (iv) identifying and prioritising key micro-environments and meso-airsheds that are amenable to intervention, (v) developing and selecting interventions within the reality of low-income households and settlements, and (vi) measuring intervention success in a dynamic context. Some sources have not been researched in depth from the perspectives of air quality and health. This includes sources that are prevalent in low-income settings but not in high-income countries. A lack of high confidence results from air quality and health research about such sources hampers decision-making regarding some intra-community interventions in low-income settings. To make progress with improving health through air quality interventions, we propose (i) considerations regarding the selection of pollutants to target, (ii) considerations regarding exposure reduction, (iii) proceeding with sufficiently positive interventions where sufficient knowledge is available, (iv) an evidence-based1method for intervention development and selection in particular communities or subgroups of households, (v) an appropriate approach to air quality impact evaluation in dynamic environments, (vi) actively avoiding zero-impact interventions, (vii) targeted research regarding specific topics, (viii) respecting the intended beneficiary, (ix) considering the impact of green policies that potentially increase pollutant exposure suffered by members of low-income households by increasing energy cost, and (x) clarifying ambient air. 20 00 Open Access Hendrik. J. Smith, Rirhandzu Novela, Bianca Wernecke, Christiaan J. Pauw 5 03 06 10.64449/9781997468554-04 117 150 35 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Sustainable energy interventions in low-income households in the Anthropocene: Case studies of the uptake of cleaner energy 1 A01 21 0000-0003-0936-2051 Kristy Langerman Kristy Langerman 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 2 A01 21 0009-0000-5228-7769 Tertius Murray Tertius Murray 3 A01 Mbally Mdluli Mbally Mdluli 4 A01 21 0009-0006-4907-3210 Liam Swanepoel Liam Swanepoel 5 A01 21 0000-0002-1546-1024 Christiaan J Pauw Christiaan Pauw 01 eng 02 00 As global efforts to transition to renewable energy intensify, there is a real risk that households in the Global South, particularly sub-Saharan Africa, will be left behind. The use of dirty fuels can be time-consuming, especially for households that collect wood, and has negative implications for the 03 00 As global efforts to transition to renewable energy intensify, there is a real risk that households in the Global South, particularly sub-Saharan Africa, will be left behind. The use of dirty fuels can be time-consuming, especially for households that collect wood, and has negative implications for the health and safety of household members. Programmes promoting clean energy use in households typically substitute a dirty fuel or appliance with a cleaner alternative, such as a clean-burning stove. Sustainable energy use can also be approached considering the trade-offs that need to be made between energy security, affordability, and environmental sustainability. However, projects designed using these approaches, such as clean cooking stove roll-outs, have typically achieved poor rates of adoption and sustained use. In this chapter, we argue that sustainable household energy interventions are those based on user requirements, designed to meet energy service needs and impact favourably on a household’s ability to meet its fundamental needs. We analyse the approach that the Nova Institute has used to design clean household fuel interventions that have achieved remarkably high success rates in several towns in South Africa. Methods employed in developing interventions for communities in the Platinum Belt in the North West and Limpopo provinces of South Africa are examined. We find that essential elements informing the design of successful interventions are increasing the scale of implementation as knowledge and control increase through a rational project life cycle, a comprehensive understanding of household fuel stacking practices to provide energy applications, and an assessment of the impacts of interventions on the overall quality of life. 30 00 As global efforts to transition to renewable energy intensify, there is a real risk that households in the Global South, particularly sub-Saharan Africa, will be left behind. The use of dirty fuels can be time-consuming, especially for households that collect wood, and has negative implications for the health and safety of household members. Programmes promoting clean energy use in households typically substitute a dirty fuel or appliance with a cleaner alternative, such as a clean-burning stove. Sustainable energy use can also be approached considering the trade-offs that need to be made between energy security, affordability, and environmental sustainability. However, projects designed using these approaches, such as clean cooking stove roll-outs, have typically achieved poor rates of adoption and sustained use. In this chapter, we argue that sustainable household energy interventions are those based on user requirements, designed to meet energy service needs and impact favourably on a household’s ability to meet its fundamental needs. We analyse the approach that the Nova Institute has used to design clean household fuel interventions that have achieved remarkably high success rates in several towns in South Africa. Methods employed in developing interventions for communities in the Platinum Belt in the North West and Limpopo provinces of South Africa are examined. We find that essential elements informing the design of successful interventions are increasing the scale of implementation as knowledge and control increase through a rational project life cycle, a comprehensive understanding of household fuel stacking practices to provide energy applications, and an assessment of the impacts of interventions on the overall quality of life. 20 00 Open Access Liam Swanepoel, Mbally Mdluli, Tertius Murray, Kristy Langerman, Christiaan J. Pauw 6 03 06 10.64449/9781997468554-05 151 188 Unspecified 02 https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/view/323/1374/6287 Chapter 01 01 No time to waste: Lessons learned from waste management in the absence of public services 1 A01 21 0000-0001-5299-5335 Catherina Schenck Catherina Schenck 40 00h2vm590 University of the Western Cape 2 A01 21 0000-0003-2489-8479 Antoinette van der Merwe Antoinette van der Merwe 40 00g0p6g84 University of Pretoria 3 A01 21 0000-0001-9329-1684 Pierre Reyneke Pierre Reyneke 01 eng 20 00 Open Access Pierre Reyneke, Antoinette van der Merwe, Catherina Schenck 7 03 06 10.64449/9781997468554-06 189 223 35 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Knowledge is power The danger of knowledge in the search for sanitation solutions with African communities 1 A01 Attie van Niekerk Attie van Niekerk 40 00g0p6g84 University of Pretoria 2 A01 21 0000-0002-2079-5539 Betsie le Roux Betsie le Roux 3 A01 21 0000-0003-2489-8479 Antoinette van der Merwe Antoinette van der Merwe 40 00g0p6g84 University of Pretoria 01 eng 02 00 People in low-income communities in South Africa generally suffer from inadequate sanitation. This causes numerous health and safety risks, especially to women and children who are most vulnerable. In this chapter, the authors reflect on the way that we are preparing ourselves for a process to develop decentralised, non-sewered sa 03 00 People in low-income communities in South Africa generally suffer from inadequate sanitation. This causes numerous health and safety risks, especially to women and children who are most vulnerable. In this chapter, the authors reflect on the way that we are preparing ourselves for a process to develop decentralised, non-sewered sanitation practices together with residents in rural and peri-urban communities, who often have different cultural and religious thought patterns than the experts who present technical solutions to them. In our experience, when people from a modern Western context implement solutions in the African context, the solutions are often incompatible with the new context. We used the concepts of lifeworld, sense of place and consciousness to better understand the relationship between people, their environment, and the technologies that they use. We present two case studies to illustrate how such philosophical theories can be applied. We keep in mind that knowledge is power. A better understanding of knowledge transfer and how it can undermine the co-creation process is considered an important step in preparing for co-designing solutions with end users. 30 00 People in low-income communities in South Africa generally suffer from inadequate sanitation. This causes numerous health and safety risks, especially to women and children who are most vulnerable. In this chapter, the authors reflect on the way that we are preparing ourselves for a process to develop decentralised, non-sewered sanitation practices together with residents in rural and peri-urban communities, who often have different cultural and religious thought patterns than the experts who present technical solutions to them. In our experience, when people from a modern Western context implement solutions in the African context, the solutions are often incompatible with the new context. We used the concepts of lifeworld, sense of place and consciousness to better understand the relationship between people, their environment, and the technologies that they use. We present two case studies to illustrate how such philosophical theories can be applied. We keep in mind that knowledge is power. A better understanding of knowledge transfer and how it can undermine the co-creation process is considered an important step in preparing for co-designing solutions with end users. 20 00 Open Access Attie van Niekerk, Betsie le Roux, Antoinette van der Merwe 8 03 06 10.64449/9781997468554-07 225 260 36 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Flourishing Early Childhood Development through empowering families: The contribution of the CHICS Programme to parental agency and family-ECD dynamics 1 A01 21 0000-0002-4506-437X Nicolette V Roman Nicolette V Roman 40 00h2vm590 University of the Western Cape 2 A01 21 0000-0003-2489-8479 Antoinette van der Merwe Antoinette van der Merwe 40 00g0p6g84 University of Pretoria 3 A01 21 0009-0003-6311-7951 Catherine Senyolo Catherine Senyolo 01 eng 02 00 Early infancy is vital for development and growth, with long-term effects. Many children struggle in the early years and may not receive sufficient support to engage in developmental activities throughout these crucial years. Families must be equipped and reinforced to enhance the development of their children. Si 03 00 Early infancy is vital for development and growth, with long-term effects. Many children struggle in the early years and may not receive sufficient support to engage in developmental activities throughout these crucial years. Families must be equipped and reinforced to enhance the development of their children. Significant advantages may come from family-centred programmes enhancing parental agency and family dynamics for early childhood development (ECD). This qualitative study explored the growth and contribution of the Community Household Interface Care and Support (CHICS) programme of the Nova Institute. This qualitative study was implemented through a document review and analysis by examining documents covering 2010 to 2023. Important findings illustrate how CHICS developed from a community-based franchise model to an ECD centre-based model, thereby enhancing economics and sustainability. The programme curriculum’s core strengths - parental agency, family-ECD centre collaboration, and whole child development - turned out to be its essence. CHICS provided better interactions between parents and ECD professionals, increased parental engagement in children’s schooling, and supported parent networks. Furthermore, the CHICS programme encourages family-ECD centre cooperation so that parents may participate in the development of their children. By changing family dynamics and parent agency at the micro level, community-based interventions such as the CHICS programme may help ECD systemically. This emphasises the importance of policy and financial tools to increase empowerment-based family interventions to foster early childhood flourishing, particularly amongst disadvantaged groups. 30 00 Early infancy is vital for development and growth, with long-term effects. Many children struggle in the early years and may not receive sufficient support to engage in developmental activities throughout these crucial years. Families must be equipped and reinforced to enhance the development of their children. Significant advantages may come from family-centred programmes enhancing parental agency and family dynamics for early childhood development (ECD). This qualitative study explored the growth and contribution of the Community Household Interface Care and Support (CHICS) programme of the Nova Institute. This qualitative study was implemented through a document review and analysis by examining documents covering 2010 to 2023. Important findings illustrate how CHICS developed from a community-based franchise model to an ECD centre-based model, thereby enhancing economics and sustainability. The programme curriculum’s core strengths - parental agency, family-ECD centre collaboration, and whole child development - turned out to be its essence. CHICS provided better interactions between parents and ECD professionals, increased parental engagement in children’s schooling, and supported parent networks. Furthermore, the CHICS programme encourages family-ECD centre cooperation so that parents may participate in the development of their children. By changing family dynamics and parent agency at the micro level, community-based interventions such as the CHICS programme may help ECD systemically. This emphasises the importance of policy and financial tools to increase empowerment-based family interventions to foster early childhood flourishing, particularly amongst disadvantaged groups. 20 00 Open Access Catherine Senyolo, Nicolette V Roman, Antoinette van der Merwe 9 03 06 10.64449/9781997468554-08 263 299 37 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 The tough task of enhancing the capabilities of low-income households to benefit from the Fourth Industrial Revolution 1 A01 Christiaan J. Pauw Christiaan J. Pauw 40 00g0p6g84 University of Pretoria 01 eng 02 00 The introduction of a series of advanced technologies, collectively referred to as the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR), has already altered traditional production and consumption patterns and is likely to continue doing so in future. South Africa faces a primary education crisis, as well as high rates 03 00 The introduction of a series of advanced technologies, collectively referred to as the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR), has already altered traditional production and consumption patterns and is likely to continue doing so in future. South Africa faces a primary education crisis, as well as high rates of poverty and unemployment. Given the existing limitations and inequalities, it is unclear whether the 4IR will benefit all members of society equally or at all. This chapter aims to investigate the potential of the 4IR to enhance the quality of life of low-income households in South Africa. We will conduct our investigation by considering the relevance of 4IR technologies for the household, using the 25 elements of the household identified in Nova’s QOLA1 instrument. We will investigate whether there are ways in which low-income households can benefit from the transformations brought about by the 4IR or if there are specific barriers that need to be removed for low-income households to benefit. Given that the interface between low-income households and 4IR technologies is an emerging phenomenon and that the data is sourced from case studies, this chapter will identify key questions and themes for further research rather than offer firm recommendations for action. 30 00 The introduction of a series of advanced technologies, collectively referred to as the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR), has already altered traditional production and consumption patterns and is likely to continue doing so in future. South Africa faces a primary education crisis, as well as high rates of poverty and unemployment. Given the existing limitations and inequalities, it is unclear whether the 4IR will benefit all members of society equally or at all. This chapter aims to investigate the potential of the 4IR to enhance the quality of life of low-income households in South Africa. We will conduct our investigation by considering the relevance of 4IR technologies for the household, using the 25 elements of the household identified in Nova’s QOLA1 instrument. We will investigate whether there are ways in which low-income households can benefit from the transformations brought about by the 4IR or if there are specific barriers that need to be removed for low-income households to benefit. Given that the interface between low-income households and 4IR technologies is an emerging phenomenon and that the data is sourced from case studies, this chapter will identify key questions and themes for further research rather than offer firm recommendations for action. 20 00 Open Access Christiaan J. Pauw 10 03 06 10.64449/9781997468554-09 301 333 34 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 From consultation to collaboration: A comparative analysis of public participation in low-income communities 1 A01 21 0000-0002-8189-0695 Niké S. Wesch Niké S. Wesch 40 010f1sq29 North-West University 2 A01 21 0000-0001-8621-5130 Selna Cornelius Selna Cornelius 40 010f1sq29 North-West University 3 A01 21 0000-0001-8475-4245 Jako Viviers Jako Viviers 40 010f1sq29 North-West University 01 eng 02 00 Addressing complex societal challenges, or “wicked problems”, demands innovative approaches that embrace the messy and complex nature of decision-making processes. There is an increasing emphasis on including all stakeholders’ diverse interests, values, and preferences in these problem-solving processes, especia 03 00 Addressing complex societal challenges, or “wicked problems”, demands innovative approaches that embrace the messy and complex nature of decision-making processes. There is an increasing emphasis on including all stakeholders’ diverse interests, values, and preferences in these problem-solving processes, especially those of the voiceless within Global South low-income communities. This chapter explores the shift in public participation from traditional consultation models to more collaborative approaches in addressing “wicked problems” within low-income communities.1 The study employs a comparative analysis of two case studies using a SWOT analysis, intending to compare the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats posed by varying levels of public participation. The first case primarily involves consultation with the community about an intervention, while the second focuses on collaboration through co-creating the intervention with the community. By illuminating the dynamics between traditional public participation consultation processes and collaborative, community-driven approaches, this research contributes insights to the discourse on effective decision-making strategies and empowering communities through participatory engagement. 30 00 Addressing complex societal challenges, or “wicked problems”, demands innovative approaches that embrace the messy and complex nature of decision-making processes. There is an increasing emphasis on including all stakeholders’ diverse interests, values, and preferences in these problem-solving processes, especially those of the voiceless within Global South low-income communities. This chapter explores the shift in public participation from traditional consultation models to more collaborative approaches in addressing “wicked problems” within low-income communities.1 The study employs a comparative analysis of two case studies using a SWOT analysis, intending to compare the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats posed by varying levels of public participation. The first case primarily involves consultation with the community about an intervention, while the second focuses on collaboration through co-creating the intervention with the community. By illuminating the dynamics between traditional public participation consultation processes and collaborative, community-driven approaches, this research contributes insights to the discourse on effective decision-making strategies and empowering communities through participatory engagement. 20 00 Open Access Jako Viviers, Selna Cornelius, Niké S. Wesch 11 03 06 10.64449/9781997468554-10 335 389 55 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 The role of scientific evidence in public policymaking for the bio-physical environment where South Africans live 1 A01 21 0000-0001-6900-688X J C Pauw J C Pauw 40 009xwd568 University of the Free State 2 A01 21 0000-0002-6889-0631 Phathutshedzo Mukwevhu Phathutshedzo Mukwevhu 40 010f1sq29 North-West University 3 A01 21 0000-0002-6290-6129 Claudine Roos Claudine Roos 40 010f1sq29 North-West University 4 A01 21 0000-0003-4848-5871 Jurie Moolman Jurie Moolman 40 010f1sq29 North-West University 01 eng 02 00 We explore the role of evidence in policymaking in ambient air, waste, and water against the background of the main pieces of legislation covering these areas. Evidence is defined narrowly as corroborated results of properly conducted scientific research and data sourced from scientific technology, as well as science-based advi 03 00 We explore the role of evidence in policymaking in ambient air, waste, and water against the background of the main pieces of legislation covering these areas. Evidence is defined narrowly as corroborated results of properly conducted scientific research and data sourced from scientific technology, as well as science-based advice by experts. Policy in the areas that we investigated is articulated on several levels, subject to Section 24 of the Constitution: white papers (white papers on the environment and sector-specific white papers), Acts, strategies and frameworks, regulations, and finally norms and standards. This set of policies embodies a conceptual hierarchy but also a historical sequence. We found that the role of evidence as defined grew with time, but also as attention moved from concepts to the physical environment. Interesting aspects that surfaced were the role of consultants and the degree to which policy was based on imported or local research. 30 00 We explore the role of evidence in policymaking in ambient air, waste, and water against the background of the main pieces of legislation covering these areas. Evidence is defined narrowly as corroborated results of properly conducted scientific research and data sourced from scientific technology, as well as science-based advice by experts. Policy in the areas that we investigated is articulated on several levels, subject to Section 24 of the Constitution: white papers (white papers on the environment and sector-specific white papers), Acts, strategies and frameworks, regulations, and finally norms and standards. This set of policies embodies a conceptual hierarchy but also a historical sequence. We found that the role of evidence as defined grew with time, but also as attention moved from concepts to the physical environment. Interesting aspects that surfaced were the role of consultants and the degree to which policy was based on imported or local research. 20 00 Open Access Jurie Moolman, Claudine Roos, Phathutshedzo Mukwevhu, J C Pauw 12 03 06 10.64449/9781997468554-11 391 435 45 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 A case study of deteriorating services in two South African townships and possible implications for spatial justice for cities in the Anthropocene 1 A01 21 0000-0002-0537-4373 Caroline Newton Caroline Newton 40 02e2c7k09 Technische Universiteit Delft 2 A01 21 0000-0001-6888-3362 Juliana E. Goncalves Juliana E. Goncalves 40 02e2c7k09 Technische Universiteit Delft 3 A01 21 0000-0001-5296-9209 Montagu Murray Montagu Murray 4 A01 21 0000-0002-0331-7295 Roberto Rocco Roberto Rocco 40 02e2c7k09 Technische Universiteit Delft 01 eng 02 00 This chapter explores the implications for spatial justice in the Urban Anthropocene of the deteriorating services in two South African townships, eMbalenhle and Lebohang, in the Mpumalanga province of South Africa. Utilising data from Nova’s Re-baseline Services Report, literature, and government policies, the 03 00 This chapter explores the implications for spatial justice in the Urban Anthropocene of the deteriorating services in two South African townships, eMbalenhle and Lebohang, in the Mpumalanga province of South Africa. Utilising data from Nova’s Re-baseline Services Report, literature, and government policies, the chapter investigates how service distribution disparities and the recognition of diverse community needs and identities intersect to shape spatial injustices in urban environments. The findings reveal significant inequities in access to services, highlighting challenges in access to water, electricity, waste disposal, and housing. The analysis emphasises the need for inclusive and equitable urban planning and policymaking that acknowledges and addresses the unique challenges of different groups, particularly in the context of rapid and informal urbanisation. This study contributes to the discourse on urbanisation in Africa, offering insights into the complexities of achieving spatial justice in the Anthropocene era. 30 00 This chapter explores the implications for spatial justice in the Urban Anthropocene of the deteriorating services in two South African townships, eMbalenhle and Lebohang, in the Mpumalanga province of South Africa. Utilising data from Nova’s Re-baseline Services Report, literature, and government policies, the chapter investigates how service distribution disparities and the recognition of diverse community needs and identities intersect to shape spatial injustices in urban environments. The findings reveal significant inequities in access to services, highlighting challenges in access to water, electricity, waste disposal, and housing. The analysis emphasises the need for inclusive and equitable urban planning and policymaking that acknowledges and addresses the unique challenges of different groups, particularly in the context of rapid and informal urbanisation. This study contributes to the discourse on urbanisation in Africa, offering insights into the complexities of achieving spatial justice in the Anthropocene era. 20 00 Open Access Roberto Rocco, Juliana Gonçalves, Caroline Newton, Montagu Murray 13 03 06 10.64449/9781997468554-12 437 473 37 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Case studies in the quality-oflife assessment of cleaner energy interventions through ‘narratives of impact’ 2 A01 21 0000-0001-5296-9209 Montagu Murray Montagu Murray 4 A01 21 0000-0003-1463-1914 Valerie Møller Valerie Møller 40 016sewp10 Rhodes University 01 eng 02 00 In air quality programmes, interventions must be found to reduce air pollution from local sources of emissions in low-income contexts1. These sources include the burning of domestic fuels such as coal, wood, and paraffin, as well as the burning of domestic waste and vehicle-entrained road dust. 03 00 In air quality programmes, interventions must be found to reduce air pollution from local sources of emissions in low-income contexts1. These sources include the burning of domestic fuels such as coal, wood, and paraffin, as well as the burning of domestic waste and vehicle-entrained road dust. Households use domestic fuels that cause harmful emissions: either as primary energy carriers or as stacking fuels for utilities such as cooking, space heating, and heating water for bathing and cleaning. When alternative cleaner energy options are introduced to households, it is crucial that these alternatives improve the quality of life of end users and do not introduce unforeseen negative side effects. Nova investigates the feasibility of interventions or intervention combinations before proceeding to larger-scale implementation. 30 00 In air quality programmes, interventions must be found to reduce air pollution from local sources of emissions in low-income contexts1. These sources include the burning of domestic fuels such as coal, wood, and paraffin, as well as the burning of domestic waste and vehicle-entrained road dust. Households use domestic fuels that cause harmful emissions: either as primary energy carriers or as stacking fuels for utilities such as cooking, space heating, and heating water for bathing and cleaning. When alternative cleaner energy options are introduced to households, it is crucial that these alternatives improve the quality of life of end users and do not introduce unforeseen negative side effects. Nova investigates the feasibility of interventions or intervention combinations before proceeding to larger-scale implementation. 20 00 Open Access Valerie Møller, Montagu Murray 14 03 06 10.64449/9781997468554-13 477 492 16 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Involvement with a Not-For- Profit Company: An Insight from a Mission Worker 1 A01 21 0000-0001-5709-0850 Kasebwe Timothee Luc Kabongo Kasebwe Kabongo 40 00g0p6g84 University of Pretoria 01 eng 02 00 This chapter is an autoethnographic reflection of the author, a mission worker under an organisation called InnerCHANGE, and involved with a not-for-profit organisation called Nova. Nova’s goal is to be a centre of excellence in the development and implementation of products and services that improve the 03 00 This chapter is an autoethnographic reflection of the author, a mission worker under an organisation called InnerCHANGE, and involved with a not-for-profit organisation called Nova. Nova’s goal is to be a centre of excellence in the development and implementation of products and services that improve the quality of life of low-income households and to take the solution to scale in Southern Africa with households and networks. The author is a mission worker serving incarnationally in a community of poverty in South Africa. His goal is to communicate the good news of the gospel in tangible and transformational ways. He is therefore constantly on the lookout for new strategies and new skills to achieve his goal. He sees his efforts as an attempt to be a good news agent in society. He lives in a local community where the presence of Christian churches of various denominations is prominent and visible. Yet, this is a local community where residents long for love in action to be demonstrated by the church and other institutions. This research asks: How can the church remain teachable about what it means to be good news to the world around it? The author uses the book of the Bible, Jeremiah 29:7, as an interpretive framework to reflect on his experiences of learning from Nova and how he could contribute to the improvement of Nova’s output in its aim to improve the quality of households located in communities of poverty. He discovered that Nova’s vision of healthy household culture has challenged InnerCHANGE to seek to minister to an entire household, not an individual alone. He has also discovered that pursuing a good quality of life through practical ministry is a valid form of evangelism. He has learned to entertain partnerships with various organisations that believe in making a difference in ordinary people’s everyday lives. He is finally learning to be involved in various communities of poverty so that everyday lives can be transformed positively. The chapter concludes that a healthy partnership between Nova and InnerCHANGE South Africa could be mutually beneficial. Nova could improve its ability to involve residents of communities of poverty where it is working in their participation in solution-seeking. InnerCHANGE South Africa could strengthen its incarnational approach through tangible projects that improve the quality of life of ordinary people. 30 00 This chapter is an autoethnographic reflection of the author, a mission worker under an organisation called InnerCHANGE, and involved with a not-for-profit organisation called Nova. Nova’s goal is to be a centre of excellence in the development and implementation of products and services that improve the quality of life of low-income households and to take the solution to scale in Southern Africa with households and networks. The author is a mission worker serving incarnationally in a community of poverty in South Africa. His goal is to communicate the good news of the gospel in tangible and transformational ways. He is therefore constantly on the lookout for new strategies and new skills to achieve his goal. He sees his efforts as an attempt to be a good news agent in society. He lives in a local community where the presence of Christian churches of various denominations is prominent and visible. Yet, this is a local community where residents long for love in action to be demonstrated by the church and other institutions. This research asks: How can the church remain teachable about what it means to be good news to the world around it? The author uses the book of the Bible, Jeremiah 29:7, as an interpretive framework to reflect on his experiences of learning from Nova and how he could contribute to the improvement of Nova’s output in its aim to improve the quality of households located in communities of poverty. He discovered that Nova’s vision of healthy household culture has challenged InnerCHANGE to seek to minister to an entire household, not an individual alone. He has also discovered that pursuing a good quality of life through practical ministry is a valid form of evangelism. He has learned to entertain partnerships with various organisations that believe in making a difference in ordinary people’s everyday lives. He is finally learning to be involved in various communities of poverty so that everyday lives can be transformed positively. The chapter concludes that a healthy partnership between Nova and InnerCHANGE South Africa could be mutually beneficial. Nova could improve its ability to involve residents of communities of poverty where it is working in their participation in solution-seeking. InnerCHANGE South Africa could strengthen its incarnational approach through tangible projects that improve the quality of life of ordinary people. 20 00 Open Access Kasebwe Timothee Luc Kabongo 15 03 06 10.64449/9781997468554-14 493 523 31 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Sceptical environmentalism 1 A01 21 0000-0002-1546-1024 Christiaan J Pauw Christiaan Pauw 40 00g0p6g84 University of Pretoria 01 eng 02 00 Using an autoethnographic approach, the author examines the evolution of his scepticism towards the environmental movement, influenced by personal experiences and reflection. Key themes include the challenges of integrating faith and critical thinking, the practical implementation of air quality initiati 03 00 Using an autoethnographic approach, the author examines the evolution of his scepticism towards the environmental movement, influenced by personal experiences and reflection. Key themes include the challenges of integrating faith and critical thinking, the practical implementation of air quality initiatives, the critique of environmental activism, and the potential of blockchain technology for environmental impact accounting. The narrative highlights the complexity of integrating environmental protection and human development goals, advocating for freedom of speech and evidence-based approaches. 30 00 Using an autoethnographic approach, the author examines the evolution of his scepticism towards the environmental movement, influenced by personal experiences and reflection. Key themes include the challenges of integrating faith and critical thinking, the practical implementation of air quality initiatives, the critique of environmental activism, and the potential of blockchain technology for environmental impact accounting. The narrative highlights the complexity of integrating environmental protection and human development goals, advocating for freedom of speech and evidence-based approaches. 20 00 Open Access Christiaan J. Pauw 16 03 06 10.64449/9781997468554-15 527 532 6 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Drawing the strings together 1 A01 21 0000-0001-6900-688X J C Pauw J C Pauw 40 009xwd568 University of the Free State 2 A01 21 0000-0001-5296-9209 Montagu Murray Montagu Murray 40 0148zjm56 Nova Institute NPC 40 00g0p6g84 University of Pretoria 01 eng 02 00 The chapters of our book were written as separate contributions to scholarship. However, there is an underlying unity - a broad picture. This chapter aims to highlight such unity without denying noticeable differences between the respective chapters 03 00 The chapters of our book were written as separate contributions to scholarship. However, there is an underlying unity - a broad picture. This chapter aims to highlight such unity without denying noticeable differences between the respective chapters. The book aligns with the aphorism with an interesting history: Think globally, act locally (Dubos, 1998 [1969]).17 It is, in fact, an extended case study of how a not-for-profit company can think globally and act locally 30 00 The chapters of our book were written as separate contributions to scholarship. However, there is an underlying unity - a broad picture. This chapter aims to highlight such unity without denying noticeable differences between the respective chapters. The book aligns with the aphorism with an interesting history: Think globally, act locally (Dubos, 1998 [1969]).17 It is, in fact, an extended case study of how a not-for-profit company can think globally and act locally 20 00 Open Access Montagu Murray, J C Pauw UJ Press 01 URL https://ujpress.uj.ac.za 01 UJ Press 01 Publisher's website: home page https://ujpress.uj.ac.za/ 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/323 Johannesburg 04 01 20251201 Attie van Niekerk, Kasebwe Timothee Luc Kabongo, Valerie Møller, Roberto Rocco, Juliana Gonçalves, Caroline Newton, Jurie Moolman, Claudine Roos, Phathutshedzo Mukwevhu, Jako Viviers, Selna Cornelius, Niké S. Wesch, Catherine Senyolo, Nicolette V Roman, Betsie le Roux; J C Pauw; Pierre Reyneke, Antoinette van der Merwe, Catherina Schenck, Liam Swanepoel, Mbally Mdluli, Tertius Murray, Kristy Langerman, Hendrik. J. Smith, Rirhandzu Novela, Bianca Wernecke, Christiaan J. Pauw, Sytse Strijbos; Montagu Murray 02 WORLD 06 15 9781997468554 06 15 9781997468578 06 15 9781997468561 WORLD 09 UJ Press 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this product https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/323 29 Publisher's website: download the title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/323 20 08 20251201 01 urn:uuid:f18844bf-a9ef-4094-87ed-7a13fe1e178b 03 01 01 thoth-work-id urn:uuid:c9b8aaee-214e-48fa-b3be-d26482956a60 01 thoth-publication-id urn:uuid:f18844bf-a9ef-4094-87ed-7a13fe1e178b 15 9781997468554 06 10.64449/9781997468554 00 EB E107 10 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ 01 01 Development in the Anthropocene The tough task of working towards planetary well-being with low-income households 1 B01 21 0000-0001-5296-9209 Montagu Murray Montagu Murray 40 0148zjm56 Nova Institute NPC 40 00g0p6g84 University of Pretoria 2 B01 21 0000-0001-6900-688X J C Pauw J C Pauw 40 009xwd568 University of the Free State 3 A01 21 0000-0002-5607-7352 Sytse Strijbos Sytse Strijbos 40 0148zjm56 Nova Institute NPC 4 A01 21 0000-0003-0663-6969 Attie S. van Niekerk Attie S. van Niekerk 40 0148zjm56 Nova Institute NPC 40 00g0p6g84 University of Pretoria 5 A01 21 0000-0001-5709-0850 Kasebwe Timothee Luc Kabongo Kasebwe Kabongo 40 00g0p6g84 University of Pretoria 6 A01 21 0000-0003-1463-1914 Valerie Møller Valerie Møller 40 016sewp10 Rhodes University 7 A01 21 0000-0002-0331-7295 Roberto Rocco Roberto Rocco 40 02e2c7k09 Technische Universiteit Delft 9 A01 21 0000-0002-6290-6129 Claudine Roos Claudine Roos 40 010f1sq29 North-West University 10 A01 21 0000-0002-6889-0631 Phathutshedzo Mukwevhu Phathutshedzo Mukwevhu 40 010f1sq29 North-West University 11 A01 21 0000-0001-8475-4245 Jako Viviers Jako Viviers 40 010f1sq29 North-West University 12 A01 21 0000-0001-8621-5130 Selna Cornelius Selna Cornelius 40 010f1sq29 North-West University 13 A01 21 0000-0002-8189-0695 Niké S. Wesch Niké S. Wesch 40 010f1sq29 North-West University 14 A01 21 0009-0003-6311-7951 Catherine Senyolo Catherine Senyolo 40 0148zjm56 Nova Institute NPC 15 A01 21 0000-0002-4506-437X Nicolette V Roman Nicolette V Roman 40 00h2vm590 University of the Western Cape 16 A01 21 0000-0002-2079-5539 Betsie le Roux Betsie le Roux 40 0148zjm56 Nova Institute NPC 17 A01 21 0000-0001-9329-1684 Pierre Reyneke Pierre Reyneke 40 0148zjm56 Nova Institute NPC 18 A01 21 0000-0003-2489-8479 Antoinette van der Merwe Antoinette van der Merwe 40 00h2vm590 University of the Western Cape 19 A01 21 0000-0001-5299-5335 Catherina Schenck Catherina Schenck 40 00h2vm590 University of the Western Cape 20 A01 21 0009-0006-4907-3210 Liam Swanepoel Liam Swanepoel 40 0148zjm56 Nova Institute NPC 21 A01 Mbally Mdluli Mbally Mdluli 40 0148zjm56 Nova Institute NPC 22 A01 21 0009-0000-5228-7769 Tertius Murray Tertius Murray 40 0148zjm56 Nova Institute NPC 23 A01 21 0000-0003-0936-2051 Kristy Langerman Kristy Langerman 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 24 A01 21 0009-0001-9735-2250 Hendrik. J. Smith Hendrik. J. Smith 40 0148zjm56 Nova Institute NPC 25 A01 21 0000-0001-9864-4581 Rirhandzu Novela Rirhandzu Novela 40 0148zjm56 Nova Institute NPC 26 A01 21 0000-0001-5464-7158 Bianca Wernecke Bianca Wernecke 27 A01 21 0000-0002-1546-1024 Christiaan J Pauw Christiaan Pauw 40 0148zjm56 Nova Institute NPC 40 00g0p6g84 University of Pretoria 28 A01 21 0000-0001-6888-3362 Juliana E. Goncalves Juliana E. Goncalves 40 02e2c7k09 Technische Universiteit Delft 29 A01 21 0000-0003-4848-5871 Jurie Moolman Jurie Moolman 40 010f1sq29 North-West University 01 eng 00 566 03 20 anthropocene 20 development 93 GTP 20 low-income households 20 planetary well-being 10 SOC042000 01 06 02 00 The pith of this book is interventions to collaboratively better the lives of low-income households with their development on a local scale. These interventions are co-created with communities. Successful interventions to provide more efficient and less polluting energy, treatment of waste, and sanitation are discussed here. 03 00 The pith of this book is interventions to collaboratively better the lives of low-income households with their development on a local scale. These interventions are co-created with communities. Successful interventions to provide more efficient and less polluting energy, treatment of waste, and sanitation are discussed here. Access to water is also discussed. They all contribute to planetary well-being in their small way. These are not the only developmental topics: early childhood development, artificial intelligence, policy-making, urban planning, intervention models, and research tools are also on the table. 30 00 The pith of this book is interventions to collaboratively better the lives of low-income households with their development on a local scale. These interventions are co-created with communities. Successful interventions to provide more efficient and less polluting energy, treatment of waste, and sanitation are discussed here. Access to water is also discussed. They all contribute to planetary well-being in their small way. These are not the only developmental topics: early childhood development, artificial intelligence, policy-making, urban planning, intervention models, and research tools are also on the table. 04 00 Overview  J C Pauw, Montagu Murray Part One: Philosophical considerations Chapter 1: Planetary well-being as development goal in the Anthropocene Montagu Murray Chapter 2: The battle of faith and technology in the Anthropocene: climate alarmism versus eco-modernism - between rupture and next step  Sytse Strijbos Part Two: Interventions Chapter 3: An approach to identifying reasonable health-oriented air quality interventions in a data-constrained context  Christiaan J. Pauw, Bianca Wernecke, Rirhandzu Novela, Hendrik. J. Smith Chapter 4: Sustainable energy interventions in low-income households in the Anthropocene: Case studies of the uptake of cleaner energy  Kristy Langerman, Tertius Murray, Mbally Mdluli, Liam Swanepoel, Christiaan J Pauw, Montagu Murray Chapter 5: No time to waste: Lessons learned from waste management in the absence of public services  Catherina Schenck, Antoinette van der Merwe, Pierre Reyneke Chapter 6: Knowledge is power: the danger of knowledge in the search for sanitation solutions with African communities  Attie van Niekerk, Betsie le Roux, Antoinette van der Merwe Chapter 7: Flourishing Early Childhood Development through empowering families: The contribution of the CHICS Programme to parental agency and family-ECD dynamics  Nicolette V Roman, Antoinette van der Merwe, Catherine Senyolo Part Three: Transversals  Chapter 8: The tough task of enhancing the capabilities of low-income households to benefit from the Fourth Industrial Revolution  Christiaan J. Pauw Chapter 9: From consultation to collaboration: a comparative analysis of public participation in low-income communities  Niké S. Wesch, Selna Cornelius, Jako Viviers Chapter 10: The role of scientific evidence in public policymaking for the bio-physical environment where South Africans live  J C Pauw, Phathutshedzo Mukwevhu, Claudine Roos, Jurie Moolman Chapter 11: A case study of deteriorating services in two South African townships and possible implications for spatial justice for cities in the Anthropocene  Caroline Newton, Juliana Gonçalves, Montagu Murray, Roberto Rocco Chapter 12: Case studies in the quality-of-life assessment of cleaner energy interventions through ‘narratives of impact’  Valerie Møller, Montagu Murray Part Four: Autoethnography  Chapter 13: Involvement with a Not-For-Profit Company: An Insight from a Mission Worker  Kasebwe Timothee Luc Kabongo Chapter 14: Sceptical environmentalism  Christiaan J. Pauw Part Five: The golden thread Chapter 15: Drawing the strings together  J C Pauw, Montagu Murray 20 00 Open Access 01 00 03 02 Development in the Anthropocene cover 02 https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/$$$call$$$/submission/cover/cover?submissionId=323&random=323692ea1c50f74e 1 03 06 10.64449/9781997468554-00 1 10 10 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Overview 1 A01 21 0000-0001-6900-688X J C Pauw J C Pauw 40 009xwd568 University of the Free State 2 A01 21 0000-0001-5296-9209 Montagu Murray Montagu Murray 40 00g0p6g84 University of Pretoria 01 eng 02 00 The pith of this book is interventions to collaboratively better the lives of low-income households with their development on a local scale. These interventions are co-created with communities by a not-for-profit company based in South Africa. 03 00 The pith of this book is interventions to collaboratively better the lives of low-income households with their development on a local scale. These interventions are co-created with communities by a not-for-profit company based in South Africa. Successful interventions to provide more efficient and less polluting energy, treatment of waste, and sanitation are discussed here. Access to water is also discussed. They all contribute to planetary well-being in their small way. These are not the only developmental topics: early childhood development (ECD), artificial intelligence (AI), policymaking, urban planning, intervention models, and research tools are also on the table. 30 00 The pith of this book is interventions to collaboratively better the lives of low-income households with their development on a local scale. These interventions are co-created with communities by a not-for-profit company based in South Africa. Successful interventions to provide more efficient and less polluting energy, treatment of waste, and sanitation are discussed here. Access to water is also discussed. They all contribute to planetary well-being in their small way. These are not the only developmental topics: early childhood development (ECD), artificial intelligence (AI), policymaking, urban planning, intervention models, and research tools are also on the table. 20 00 Open Access Montagu Murray, J C Pauw 2 03 06 10.64449/9781997468554-01 13 41 29 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Planetary well-being as development goal in the Anthropocene 1 A01 21 0000-0001-5296-9209 Montagu Murray Montagu Murray 40 00g0p6g84 University of Pretoria 01 eng 02 00 The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, which sets out 17 goals with a comprehensive vision for sustainable development globally, was adopted by all the countries in the United Nations in 2015. The 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) build upon, but are also an improvement on, the eigh 03 00 The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, which sets out 17 goals with a comprehensive vision for sustainable development globally, was adopted by all the countries in the United Nations in 2015. The 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) build upon, but are also an improvement on, the eight Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) adopted by UN member states in September 2000. In this chapter, it will be argued that our evolving understanding of the implications of living in the time of the Anthropocene calls for Planetary Well-being Goals (PWGs) that build upon, but can also improve, the SDGs. Planetary well-being can be defined as the highest attainable standard of well-being for human and living non-human beings within the integrated Earth system. The meaning of this concept will be explored, drawing on disciplines such as Philosophy, Development Studies, Quality of Life Studies, Sociology, Geology, and Theology. The analysis is further informed by personal experiences in development work and quality-of-life impact assessments. The chapter concludes with a list of possible PWGs and some of the most pertinent complexities to navigate going forward. 30 00 The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, which sets out 17 goals with a comprehensive vision for sustainable development globally, was adopted by all the countries in the United Nations in 2015. The 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) build upon, but are also an improvement on, the eight Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) adopted by UN member states in September 2000. In this chapter, it will be argued that our evolving understanding of the implications of living in the time of the Anthropocene calls for Planetary Well-being Goals (PWGs) that build upon, but can also improve, the SDGs. Planetary well-being can be defined as the highest attainable standard of well-being for human and living non-human beings within the integrated Earth system. The meaning of this concept will be explored, drawing on disciplines such as Philosophy, Development Studies, Quality of Life Studies, Sociology, Geology, and Theology. The analysis is further informed by personal experiences in development work and quality-of-life impact assessments. The chapter concludes with a list of possible PWGs and some of the most pertinent complexities to navigate going forward. 20 00 Open Access Montagu Murray 3 03 06 10.64449/9781997468554-02 43 64 22 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 The battle of faith and technology in the Anthropocene: Climate alarmism versus eco-modernism - between rupture and next step 1 A01 Sytse Strijbos Sytse Strijbos 01 eng 02 00 Many people today are seriously concerned with global warming because of human actions and, consequently, the liveability of our planet for future generations. In the societal debate, two directly opposing camps face one another in a contest around faith and technology in the Anthropocene. 03 00 Many people today are seriously concerned with global warming because of human actions and, consequently, the liveability of our planet for future generations. In the societal debate, two directly opposing camps face one another in a contest around faith and technology in the Anthropocene. This chapter offers a critical analysis of both by discussing the ideas of two of its prominent exponents, namely Clive Hamilton (for the climate alarmists) and Braden Allenby (for the eco-modernists). The key point of the analysis is that these parties are inescapably caught in a conflict which cannot hope for a resolution. This is because they are rooted in modernity, which disconnects Earth from its relationship with Heaven and the Creator of Heaven and Earth. 30 00 Many people today are seriously concerned with global warming because of human actions and, consequently, the liveability of our planet for future generations. In the societal debate, two directly opposing camps face one another in a contest around faith and technology in the Anthropocene. This chapter offers a critical analysis of both by discussing the ideas of two of its prominent exponents, namely Clive Hamilton (for the climate alarmists) and Braden Allenby (for the eco-modernists). The key point of the analysis is that these parties are inescapably caught in a conflict which cannot hope for a resolution. This is because they are rooted in modernity, which disconnects Earth from its relationship with Heaven and the Creator of Heaven and Earth. 20 00 Open Access Sytse Strijbos 4 03 06 10.64449/9781997468554-03 67 115 49 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 An approach to identifying reasonable health-oriented air quality interventions in a data-constrained context 1 A01 Christiaan J. Pauw Christiaan J. Pauw 40 00g0p6g84 University of Pretoria 2 A01 21 0000-0001-5464-7158 Bianca Wernecke Bianca Wernecke 3 A01 21 0000-0001-9864-4581 Rirhandzu Novela Rirhandzu Novela 4 A01 21 0009-0001-9735-2250 Hendrik. J. Smith Hendrik. J. Smith 01 eng 02 00 Decreasing industrial emissions receives significant attention and funding. Non-industrial sources from within residential areas are relatively neglected, despite potentially having a higher impact on human health. Implementing evidence-based air quality interventions to improve health in low-income households is a compl 03 00 Decreasing industrial emissions receives significant attention and funding. Non-industrial sources from within residential areas are relatively neglected, despite potentially having a higher impact on human health. Implementing evidence-based air quality interventions to improve health in low-income households is a complex endeavour. This is especially true when targeting local, non-industrial sources. Complexity is apparent in (i) measuring air quality, (ii) quantifying source-specific exposure, (iii) establishing exposure-response, (iv) identifying and prioritising key micro-environments and meso-airsheds that are amenable to intervention, (v) developing and selecting interventions within the reality of low-income households and settlements, and (vi) measuring intervention success in a dynamic context. Some sources have not been researched in depth from the perspectives of air quality and health. This includes sources that are prevalent in low-income settings but not in high-income countries. A lack of high confidence results from air quality and health research about such sources hampers decision-making regarding some intra-community interventions in low-income settings. To make progress with improving health through air quality interventions, we propose (i) considerations regarding the selection of pollutants to target, (ii) considerations regarding exposure reduction, (iii) proceeding with sufficiently positive interventions where sufficient knowledge is available, (iv) an evidence-based1method for intervention development and selection in particular communities or subgroups of households, (v) an appropriate approach to air quality impact evaluation in dynamic environments, (vi) actively avoiding zero-impact interventions, (vii) targeted research regarding specific topics, (viii) respecting the intended beneficiary, (ix) considering the impact of green policies that potentially increase pollutant exposure suffered by members of low-income households by increasing energy cost, and (x) clarifying ambient air. 30 00 Decreasing industrial emissions receives significant attention and funding. Non-industrial sources from within residential areas are relatively neglected, despite potentially having a higher impact on human health. Implementing evidence-based air quality interventions to improve health in low-income households is a complex endeavour. This is especially true when targeting local, non-industrial sources. Complexity is apparent in (i) measuring air quality, (ii) quantifying source-specific exposure, (iii) establishing exposure-response, (iv) identifying and prioritising key micro-environments and meso-airsheds that are amenable to intervention, (v) developing and selecting interventions within the reality of low-income households and settlements, and (vi) measuring intervention success in a dynamic context. Some sources have not been researched in depth from the perspectives of air quality and health. This includes sources that are prevalent in low-income settings but not in high-income countries. A lack of high confidence results from air quality and health research about such sources hampers decision-making regarding some intra-community interventions in low-income settings. To make progress with improving health through air quality interventions, we propose (i) considerations regarding the selection of pollutants to target, (ii) considerations regarding exposure reduction, (iii) proceeding with sufficiently positive interventions where sufficient knowledge is available, (iv) an evidence-based1method for intervention development and selection in particular communities or subgroups of households, (v) an appropriate approach to air quality impact evaluation in dynamic environments, (vi) actively avoiding zero-impact interventions, (vii) targeted research regarding specific topics, (viii) respecting the intended beneficiary, (ix) considering the impact of green policies that potentially increase pollutant exposure suffered by members of low-income households by increasing energy cost, and (x) clarifying ambient air. 20 00 Open Access Hendrik. J. Smith, Rirhandzu Novela, Bianca Wernecke, Christiaan J. Pauw 5 03 06 10.64449/9781997468554-04 117 150 35 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Sustainable energy interventions in low-income households in the Anthropocene: Case studies of the uptake of cleaner energy 1 A01 21 0000-0003-0936-2051 Kristy Langerman Kristy Langerman 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 2 A01 21 0009-0000-5228-7769 Tertius Murray Tertius Murray 3 A01 Mbally Mdluli Mbally Mdluli 4 A01 21 0009-0006-4907-3210 Liam Swanepoel Liam Swanepoel 5 A01 21 0000-0002-1546-1024 Christiaan J Pauw Christiaan Pauw 01 eng 02 00 As global efforts to transition to renewable energy intensify, there is a real risk that households in the Global South, particularly sub-Saharan Africa, will be left behind. The use of dirty fuels can be time-consuming, especially for households that collect wood, and has negative implications for the 03 00 As global efforts to transition to renewable energy intensify, there is a real risk that households in the Global South, particularly sub-Saharan Africa, will be left behind. The use of dirty fuels can be time-consuming, especially for households that collect wood, and has negative implications for the health and safety of household members. Programmes promoting clean energy use in households typically substitute a dirty fuel or appliance with a cleaner alternative, such as a clean-burning stove. Sustainable energy use can also be approached considering the trade-offs that need to be made between energy security, affordability, and environmental sustainability. However, projects designed using these approaches, such as clean cooking stove roll-outs, have typically achieved poor rates of adoption and sustained use. In this chapter, we argue that sustainable household energy interventions are those based on user requirements, designed to meet energy service needs and impact favourably on a household’s ability to meet its fundamental needs. We analyse the approach that the Nova Institute has used to design clean household fuel interventions that have achieved remarkably high success rates in several towns in South Africa. Methods employed in developing interventions for communities in the Platinum Belt in the North West and Limpopo provinces of South Africa are examined. We find that essential elements informing the design of successful interventions are increasing the scale of implementation as knowledge and control increase through a rational project life cycle, a comprehensive understanding of household fuel stacking practices to provide energy applications, and an assessment of the impacts of interventions on the overall quality of life. 30 00 As global efforts to transition to renewable energy intensify, there is a real risk that households in the Global South, particularly sub-Saharan Africa, will be left behind. The use of dirty fuels can be time-consuming, especially for households that collect wood, and has negative implications for the health and safety of household members. Programmes promoting clean energy use in households typically substitute a dirty fuel or appliance with a cleaner alternative, such as a clean-burning stove. Sustainable energy use can also be approached considering the trade-offs that need to be made between energy security, affordability, and environmental sustainability. However, projects designed using these approaches, such as clean cooking stove roll-outs, have typically achieved poor rates of adoption and sustained use. In this chapter, we argue that sustainable household energy interventions are those based on user requirements, designed to meet energy service needs and impact favourably on a household’s ability to meet its fundamental needs. We analyse the approach that the Nova Institute has used to design clean household fuel interventions that have achieved remarkably high success rates in several towns in South Africa. Methods employed in developing interventions for communities in the Platinum Belt in the North West and Limpopo provinces of South Africa are examined. We find that essential elements informing the design of successful interventions are increasing the scale of implementation as knowledge and control increase through a rational project life cycle, a comprehensive understanding of household fuel stacking practices to provide energy applications, and an assessment of the impacts of interventions on the overall quality of life. 20 00 Open Access Liam Swanepoel, Mbally Mdluli, Tertius Murray, Kristy Langerman, Christiaan J. Pauw 6 03 06 10.64449/9781997468554-05 151 188 Unspecified 02 https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/view/323/1374/6287 Chapter 01 01 No time to waste: Lessons learned from waste management in the absence of public services 1 A01 21 0000-0001-5299-5335 Catherina Schenck Catherina Schenck 40 00h2vm590 University of the Western Cape 2 A01 21 0000-0003-2489-8479 Antoinette van der Merwe Antoinette van der Merwe 40 00g0p6g84 University of Pretoria 3 A01 21 0000-0001-9329-1684 Pierre Reyneke Pierre Reyneke 01 eng 20 00 Open Access Pierre Reyneke, Antoinette van der Merwe, Catherina Schenck 7 03 06 10.64449/9781997468554-06 189 223 35 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Knowledge is power The danger of knowledge in the search for sanitation solutions with African communities 1 A01 Attie van Niekerk Attie van Niekerk 40 00g0p6g84 University of Pretoria 2 A01 21 0000-0002-2079-5539 Betsie le Roux Betsie le Roux 3 A01 21 0000-0003-2489-8479 Antoinette van der Merwe Antoinette van der Merwe 40 00g0p6g84 University of Pretoria 01 eng 02 00 People in low-income communities in South Africa generally suffer from inadequate sanitation. This causes numerous health and safety risks, especially to women and children who are most vulnerable. In this chapter, the authors reflect on the way that we are preparing ourselves for a process to develop decentralised, non-sewered sa 03 00 People in low-income communities in South Africa generally suffer from inadequate sanitation. This causes numerous health and safety risks, especially to women and children who are most vulnerable. In this chapter, the authors reflect on the way that we are preparing ourselves for a process to develop decentralised, non-sewered sanitation practices together with residents in rural and peri-urban communities, who often have different cultural and religious thought patterns than the experts who present technical solutions to them. In our experience, when people from a modern Western context implement solutions in the African context, the solutions are often incompatible with the new context. We used the concepts of lifeworld, sense of place and consciousness to better understand the relationship between people, their environment, and the technologies that they use. We present two case studies to illustrate how such philosophical theories can be applied. We keep in mind that knowledge is power. A better understanding of knowledge transfer and how it can undermine the co-creation process is considered an important step in preparing for co-designing solutions with end users. 30 00 People in low-income communities in South Africa generally suffer from inadequate sanitation. This causes numerous health and safety risks, especially to women and children who are most vulnerable. In this chapter, the authors reflect on the way that we are preparing ourselves for a process to develop decentralised, non-sewered sanitation practices together with residents in rural and peri-urban communities, who often have different cultural and religious thought patterns than the experts who present technical solutions to them. In our experience, when people from a modern Western context implement solutions in the African context, the solutions are often incompatible with the new context. We used the concepts of lifeworld, sense of place and consciousness to better understand the relationship between people, their environment, and the technologies that they use. We present two case studies to illustrate how such philosophical theories can be applied. We keep in mind that knowledge is power. A better understanding of knowledge transfer and how it can undermine the co-creation process is considered an important step in preparing for co-designing solutions with end users. 20 00 Open Access Attie van Niekerk, Betsie le Roux, Antoinette van der Merwe 8 03 06 10.64449/9781997468554-07 225 260 36 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Flourishing Early Childhood Development through empowering families: The contribution of the CHICS Programme to parental agency and family-ECD dynamics 1 A01 21 0000-0002-4506-437X Nicolette V Roman Nicolette V Roman 40 00h2vm590 University of the Western Cape 2 A01 21 0000-0003-2489-8479 Antoinette van der Merwe Antoinette van der Merwe 40 00g0p6g84 University of Pretoria 3 A01 21 0009-0003-6311-7951 Catherine Senyolo Catherine Senyolo 01 eng 02 00 Early infancy is vital for development and growth, with long-term effects. Many children struggle in the early years and may not receive sufficient support to engage in developmental activities throughout these crucial years. Families must be equipped and reinforced to enhance the development of their children. Si 03 00 Early infancy is vital for development and growth, with long-term effects. Many children struggle in the early years and may not receive sufficient support to engage in developmental activities throughout these crucial years. Families must be equipped and reinforced to enhance the development of their children. Significant advantages may come from family-centred programmes enhancing parental agency and family dynamics for early childhood development (ECD). This qualitative study explored the growth and contribution of the Community Household Interface Care and Support (CHICS) programme of the Nova Institute. This qualitative study was implemented through a document review and analysis by examining documents covering 2010 to 2023. Important findings illustrate how CHICS developed from a community-based franchise model to an ECD centre-based model, thereby enhancing economics and sustainability. The programme curriculum’s core strengths - parental agency, family-ECD centre collaboration, and whole child development - turned out to be its essence. CHICS provided better interactions between parents and ECD professionals, increased parental engagement in children’s schooling, and supported parent networks. Furthermore, the CHICS programme encourages family-ECD centre cooperation so that parents may participate in the development of their children. By changing family dynamics and parent agency at the micro level, community-based interventions such as the CHICS programme may help ECD systemically. This emphasises the importance of policy and financial tools to increase empowerment-based family interventions to foster early childhood flourishing, particularly amongst disadvantaged groups. 30 00 Early infancy is vital for development and growth, with long-term effects. Many children struggle in the early years and may not receive sufficient support to engage in developmental activities throughout these crucial years. Families must be equipped and reinforced to enhance the development of their children. Significant advantages may come from family-centred programmes enhancing parental agency and family dynamics for early childhood development (ECD). This qualitative study explored the growth and contribution of the Community Household Interface Care and Support (CHICS) programme of the Nova Institute. This qualitative study was implemented through a document review and analysis by examining documents covering 2010 to 2023. Important findings illustrate how CHICS developed from a community-based franchise model to an ECD centre-based model, thereby enhancing economics and sustainability. The programme curriculum’s core strengths - parental agency, family-ECD centre collaboration, and whole child development - turned out to be its essence. CHICS provided better interactions between parents and ECD professionals, increased parental engagement in children’s schooling, and supported parent networks. Furthermore, the CHICS programme encourages family-ECD centre cooperation so that parents may participate in the development of their children. By changing family dynamics and parent agency at the micro level, community-based interventions such as the CHICS programme may help ECD systemically. This emphasises the importance of policy and financial tools to increase empowerment-based family interventions to foster early childhood flourishing, particularly amongst disadvantaged groups. 20 00 Open Access Catherine Senyolo, Nicolette V Roman, Antoinette van der Merwe 9 03 06 10.64449/9781997468554-08 263 299 37 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 The tough task of enhancing the capabilities of low-income households to benefit from the Fourth Industrial Revolution 1 A01 Christiaan J. Pauw Christiaan J. Pauw 40 00g0p6g84 University of Pretoria 01 eng 02 00 The introduction of a series of advanced technologies, collectively referred to as the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR), has already altered traditional production and consumption patterns and is likely to continue doing so in future. South Africa faces a primary education crisis, as well as high rates 03 00 The introduction of a series of advanced technologies, collectively referred to as the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR), has already altered traditional production and consumption patterns and is likely to continue doing so in future. South Africa faces a primary education crisis, as well as high rates of poverty and unemployment. Given the existing limitations and inequalities, it is unclear whether the 4IR will benefit all members of society equally or at all. This chapter aims to investigate the potential of the 4IR to enhance the quality of life of low-income households in South Africa. We will conduct our investigation by considering the relevance of 4IR technologies for the household, using the 25 elements of the household identified in Nova’s QOLA1 instrument. We will investigate whether there are ways in which low-income households can benefit from the transformations brought about by the 4IR or if there are specific barriers that need to be removed for low-income households to benefit. Given that the interface between low-income households and 4IR technologies is an emerging phenomenon and that the data is sourced from case studies, this chapter will identify key questions and themes for further research rather than offer firm recommendations for action. 30 00 The introduction of a series of advanced technologies, collectively referred to as the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR), has already altered traditional production and consumption patterns and is likely to continue doing so in future. South Africa faces a primary education crisis, as well as high rates of poverty and unemployment. Given the existing limitations and inequalities, it is unclear whether the 4IR will benefit all members of society equally or at all. This chapter aims to investigate the potential of the 4IR to enhance the quality of life of low-income households in South Africa. We will conduct our investigation by considering the relevance of 4IR technologies for the household, using the 25 elements of the household identified in Nova’s QOLA1 instrument. We will investigate whether there are ways in which low-income households can benefit from the transformations brought about by the 4IR or if there are specific barriers that need to be removed for low-income households to benefit. Given that the interface between low-income households and 4IR technologies is an emerging phenomenon and that the data is sourced from case studies, this chapter will identify key questions and themes for further research rather than offer firm recommendations for action. 20 00 Open Access Christiaan J. Pauw 10 03 06 10.64449/9781997468554-09 301 333 34 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 From consultation to collaboration: A comparative analysis of public participation in low-income communities 1 A01 21 0000-0002-8189-0695 Niké S. Wesch Niké S. Wesch 40 010f1sq29 North-West University 2 A01 21 0000-0001-8621-5130 Selna Cornelius Selna Cornelius 40 010f1sq29 North-West University 3 A01 21 0000-0001-8475-4245 Jako Viviers Jako Viviers 40 010f1sq29 North-West University 01 eng 02 00 Addressing complex societal challenges, or “wicked problems”, demands innovative approaches that embrace the messy and complex nature of decision-making processes. There is an increasing emphasis on including all stakeholders’ diverse interests, values, and preferences in these problem-solving processes, especia 03 00 Addressing complex societal challenges, or “wicked problems”, demands innovative approaches that embrace the messy and complex nature of decision-making processes. There is an increasing emphasis on including all stakeholders’ diverse interests, values, and preferences in these problem-solving processes, especially those of the voiceless within Global South low-income communities. This chapter explores the shift in public participation from traditional consultation models to more collaborative approaches in addressing “wicked problems” within low-income communities.1 The study employs a comparative analysis of two case studies using a SWOT analysis, intending to compare the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats posed by varying levels of public participation. The first case primarily involves consultation with the community about an intervention, while the second focuses on collaboration through co-creating the intervention with the community. By illuminating the dynamics between traditional public participation consultation processes and collaborative, community-driven approaches, this research contributes insights to the discourse on effective decision-making strategies and empowering communities through participatory engagement. 30 00 Addressing complex societal challenges, or “wicked problems”, demands innovative approaches that embrace the messy and complex nature of decision-making processes. There is an increasing emphasis on including all stakeholders’ diverse interests, values, and preferences in these problem-solving processes, especially those of the voiceless within Global South low-income communities. This chapter explores the shift in public participation from traditional consultation models to more collaborative approaches in addressing “wicked problems” within low-income communities.1 The study employs a comparative analysis of two case studies using a SWOT analysis, intending to compare the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats posed by varying levels of public participation. The first case primarily involves consultation with the community about an intervention, while the second focuses on collaboration through co-creating the intervention with the community. By illuminating the dynamics between traditional public participation consultation processes and collaborative, community-driven approaches, this research contributes insights to the discourse on effective decision-making strategies and empowering communities through participatory engagement. 20 00 Open Access Jako Viviers, Selna Cornelius, Niké S. Wesch 11 03 06 10.64449/9781997468554-10 335 389 55 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 The role of scientific evidence in public policymaking for the bio-physical environment where South Africans live 1 A01 21 0000-0001-6900-688X J C Pauw J C Pauw 40 009xwd568 University of the Free State 2 A01 21 0000-0002-6889-0631 Phathutshedzo Mukwevhu Phathutshedzo Mukwevhu 40 010f1sq29 North-West University 3 A01 21 0000-0002-6290-6129 Claudine Roos Claudine Roos 40 010f1sq29 North-West University 4 A01 21 0000-0003-4848-5871 Jurie Moolman Jurie Moolman 40 010f1sq29 North-West University 01 eng 02 00 We explore the role of evidence in policymaking in ambient air, waste, and water against the background of the main pieces of legislation covering these areas. Evidence is defined narrowly as corroborated results of properly conducted scientific research and data sourced from scientific technology, as well as science-based advi 03 00 We explore the role of evidence in policymaking in ambient air, waste, and water against the background of the main pieces of legislation covering these areas. Evidence is defined narrowly as corroborated results of properly conducted scientific research and data sourced from scientific technology, as well as science-based advice by experts. Policy in the areas that we investigated is articulated on several levels, subject to Section 24 of the Constitution: white papers (white papers on the environment and sector-specific white papers), Acts, strategies and frameworks, regulations, and finally norms and standards. This set of policies embodies a conceptual hierarchy but also a historical sequence. We found that the role of evidence as defined grew with time, but also as attention moved from concepts to the physical environment. Interesting aspects that surfaced were the role of consultants and the degree to which policy was based on imported or local research. 30 00 We explore the role of evidence in policymaking in ambient air, waste, and water against the background of the main pieces of legislation covering these areas. Evidence is defined narrowly as corroborated results of properly conducted scientific research and data sourced from scientific technology, as well as science-based advice by experts. Policy in the areas that we investigated is articulated on several levels, subject to Section 24 of the Constitution: white papers (white papers on the environment and sector-specific white papers), Acts, strategies and frameworks, regulations, and finally norms and standards. This set of policies embodies a conceptual hierarchy but also a historical sequence. We found that the role of evidence as defined grew with time, but also as attention moved from concepts to the physical environment. Interesting aspects that surfaced were the role of consultants and the degree to which policy was based on imported or local research. 20 00 Open Access Jurie Moolman, Claudine Roos, Phathutshedzo Mukwevhu, J C Pauw 12 03 06 10.64449/9781997468554-11 391 435 45 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 A case study of deteriorating services in two South African townships and possible implications for spatial justice for cities in the Anthropocene 1 A01 21 0000-0002-0537-4373 Caroline Newton Caroline Newton 40 02e2c7k09 Technische Universiteit Delft 2 A01 21 0000-0001-6888-3362 Juliana E. Goncalves Juliana E. Goncalves 40 02e2c7k09 Technische Universiteit Delft 3 A01 21 0000-0001-5296-9209 Montagu Murray Montagu Murray 4 A01 21 0000-0002-0331-7295 Roberto Rocco Roberto Rocco 40 02e2c7k09 Technische Universiteit Delft 01 eng 02 00 This chapter explores the implications for spatial justice in the Urban Anthropocene of the deteriorating services in two South African townships, eMbalenhle and Lebohang, in the Mpumalanga province of South Africa. Utilising data from Nova’s Re-baseline Services Report, literature, and government policies, the 03 00 This chapter explores the implications for spatial justice in the Urban Anthropocene of the deteriorating services in two South African townships, eMbalenhle and Lebohang, in the Mpumalanga province of South Africa. Utilising data from Nova’s Re-baseline Services Report, literature, and government policies, the chapter investigates how service distribution disparities and the recognition of diverse community needs and identities intersect to shape spatial injustices in urban environments. The findings reveal significant inequities in access to services, highlighting challenges in access to water, electricity, waste disposal, and housing. The analysis emphasises the need for inclusive and equitable urban planning and policymaking that acknowledges and addresses the unique challenges of different groups, particularly in the context of rapid and informal urbanisation. This study contributes to the discourse on urbanisation in Africa, offering insights into the complexities of achieving spatial justice in the Anthropocene era. 30 00 This chapter explores the implications for spatial justice in the Urban Anthropocene of the deteriorating services in two South African townships, eMbalenhle and Lebohang, in the Mpumalanga province of South Africa. Utilising data from Nova’s Re-baseline Services Report, literature, and government policies, the chapter investigates how service distribution disparities and the recognition of diverse community needs and identities intersect to shape spatial injustices in urban environments. The findings reveal significant inequities in access to services, highlighting challenges in access to water, electricity, waste disposal, and housing. The analysis emphasises the need for inclusive and equitable urban planning and policymaking that acknowledges and addresses the unique challenges of different groups, particularly in the context of rapid and informal urbanisation. This study contributes to the discourse on urbanisation in Africa, offering insights into the complexities of achieving spatial justice in the Anthropocene era. 20 00 Open Access Roberto Rocco, Juliana Gonçalves, Caroline Newton, Montagu Murray 13 03 06 10.64449/9781997468554-12 437 473 37 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Case studies in the quality-oflife assessment of cleaner energy interventions through ‘narratives of impact’ 2 A01 21 0000-0001-5296-9209 Montagu Murray Montagu Murray 4 A01 21 0000-0003-1463-1914 Valerie Møller Valerie Møller 40 016sewp10 Rhodes University 01 eng 02 00 In air quality programmes, interventions must be found to reduce air pollution from local sources of emissions in low-income contexts1. These sources include the burning of domestic fuels such as coal, wood, and paraffin, as well as the burning of domestic waste and vehicle-entrained road dust. 03 00 In air quality programmes, interventions must be found to reduce air pollution from local sources of emissions in low-income contexts1. These sources include the burning of domestic fuels such as coal, wood, and paraffin, as well as the burning of domestic waste and vehicle-entrained road dust. Households use domestic fuels that cause harmful emissions: either as primary energy carriers or as stacking fuels for utilities such as cooking, space heating, and heating water for bathing and cleaning. When alternative cleaner energy options are introduced to households, it is crucial that these alternatives improve the quality of life of end users and do not introduce unforeseen negative side effects. Nova investigates the feasibility of interventions or intervention combinations before proceeding to larger-scale implementation. 30 00 In air quality programmes, interventions must be found to reduce air pollution from local sources of emissions in low-income contexts1. These sources include the burning of domestic fuels such as coal, wood, and paraffin, as well as the burning of domestic waste and vehicle-entrained road dust. Households use domestic fuels that cause harmful emissions: either as primary energy carriers or as stacking fuels for utilities such as cooking, space heating, and heating water for bathing and cleaning. When alternative cleaner energy options are introduced to households, it is crucial that these alternatives improve the quality of life of end users and do not introduce unforeseen negative side effects. Nova investigates the feasibility of interventions or intervention combinations before proceeding to larger-scale implementation. 20 00 Open Access Valerie Møller, Montagu Murray 14 03 06 10.64449/9781997468554-13 477 492 16 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Involvement with a Not-For- Profit Company: An Insight from a Mission Worker 1 A01 21 0000-0001-5709-0850 Kasebwe Timothee Luc Kabongo Kasebwe Kabongo 40 00g0p6g84 University of Pretoria 01 eng 02 00 This chapter is an autoethnographic reflection of the author, a mission worker under an organisation called InnerCHANGE, and involved with a not-for-profit organisation called Nova. Nova’s goal is to be a centre of excellence in the development and implementation of products and services that improve the 03 00 This chapter is an autoethnographic reflection of the author, a mission worker under an organisation called InnerCHANGE, and involved with a not-for-profit organisation called Nova. Nova’s goal is to be a centre of excellence in the development and implementation of products and services that improve the quality of life of low-income households and to take the solution to scale in Southern Africa with households and networks. The author is a mission worker serving incarnationally in a community of poverty in South Africa. His goal is to communicate the good news of the gospel in tangible and transformational ways. He is therefore constantly on the lookout for new strategies and new skills to achieve his goal. He sees his efforts as an attempt to be a good news agent in society. He lives in a local community where the presence of Christian churches of various denominations is prominent and visible. Yet, this is a local community where residents long for love in action to be demonstrated by the church and other institutions. This research asks: How can the church remain teachable about what it means to be good news to the world around it? The author uses the book of the Bible, Jeremiah 29:7, as an interpretive framework to reflect on his experiences of learning from Nova and how he could contribute to the improvement of Nova’s output in its aim to improve the quality of households located in communities of poverty. He discovered that Nova’s vision of healthy household culture has challenged InnerCHANGE to seek to minister to an entire household, not an individual alone. He has also discovered that pursuing a good quality of life through practical ministry is a valid form of evangelism. He has learned to entertain partnerships with various organisations that believe in making a difference in ordinary people’s everyday lives. He is finally learning to be involved in various communities of poverty so that everyday lives can be transformed positively. The chapter concludes that a healthy partnership between Nova and InnerCHANGE South Africa could be mutually beneficial. Nova could improve its ability to involve residents of communities of poverty where it is working in their participation in solution-seeking. InnerCHANGE South Africa could strengthen its incarnational approach through tangible projects that improve the quality of life of ordinary people. 30 00 This chapter is an autoethnographic reflection of the author, a mission worker under an organisation called InnerCHANGE, and involved with a not-for-profit organisation called Nova. Nova’s goal is to be a centre of excellence in the development and implementation of products and services that improve the quality of life of low-income households and to take the solution to scale in Southern Africa with households and networks. The author is a mission worker serving incarnationally in a community of poverty in South Africa. His goal is to communicate the good news of the gospel in tangible and transformational ways. He is therefore constantly on the lookout for new strategies and new skills to achieve his goal. He sees his efforts as an attempt to be a good news agent in society. He lives in a local community where the presence of Christian churches of various denominations is prominent and visible. Yet, this is a local community where residents long for love in action to be demonstrated by the church and other institutions. This research asks: How can the church remain teachable about what it means to be good news to the world around it? The author uses the book of the Bible, Jeremiah 29:7, as an interpretive framework to reflect on his experiences of learning from Nova and how he could contribute to the improvement of Nova’s output in its aim to improve the quality of households located in communities of poverty. He discovered that Nova’s vision of healthy household culture has challenged InnerCHANGE to seek to minister to an entire household, not an individual alone. He has also discovered that pursuing a good quality of life through practical ministry is a valid form of evangelism. He has learned to entertain partnerships with various organisations that believe in making a difference in ordinary people’s everyday lives. He is finally learning to be involved in various communities of poverty so that everyday lives can be transformed positively. The chapter concludes that a healthy partnership between Nova and InnerCHANGE South Africa could be mutually beneficial. Nova could improve its ability to involve residents of communities of poverty where it is working in their participation in solution-seeking. InnerCHANGE South Africa could strengthen its incarnational approach through tangible projects that improve the quality of life of ordinary people. 20 00 Open Access Kasebwe Timothee Luc Kabongo 15 03 06 10.64449/9781997468554-14 493 523 31 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Sceptical environmentalism 1 A01 21 0000-0002-1546-1024 Christiaan J Pauw Christiaan Pauw 40 00g0p6g84 University of Pretoria 01 eng 02 00 Using an autoethnographic approach, the author examines the evolution of his scepticism towards the environmental movement, influenced by personal experiences and reflection. Key themes include the challenges of integrating faith and critical thinking, the practical implementation of air quality initiati 03 00 Using an autoethnographic approach, the author examines the evolution of his scepticism towards the environmental movement, influenced by personal experiences and reflection. Key themes include the challenges of integrating faith and critical thinking, the practical implementation of air quality initiatives, the critique of environmental activism, and the potential of blockchain technology for environmental impact accounting. The narrative highlights the complexity of integrating environmental protection and human development goals, advocating for freedom of speech and evidence-based approaches. 30 00 Using an autoethnographic approach, the author examines the evolution of his scepticism towards the environmental movement, influenced by personal experiences and reflection. Key themes include the challenges of integrating faith and critical thinking, the practical implementation of air quality initiatives, the critique of environmental activism, and the potential of blockchain technology for environmental impact accounting. The narrative highlights the complexity of integrating environmental protection and human development goals, advocating for freedom of speech and evidence-based approaches. 20 00 Open Access Christiaan J. Pauw 16 03 06 10.64449/9781997468554-15 527 532 6 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Drawing the strings together 1 A01 21 0000-0001-6900-688X J C Pauw J C Pauw 40 009xwd568 University of the Free State 2 A01 21 0000-0001-5296-9209 Montagu Murray Montagu Murray 40 0148zjm56 Nova Institute NPC 40 00g0p6g84 University of Pretoria 01 eng 02 00 The chapters of our book were written as separate contributions to scholarship. However, there is an underlying unity - a broad picture. This chapter aims to highlight such unity without denying noticeable differences between the respective chapters 03 00 The chapters of our book were written as separate contributions to scholarship. However, there is an underlying unity - a broad picture. This chapter aims to highlight such unity without denying noticeable differences between the respective chapters. The book aligns with the aphorism with an interesting history: Think globally, act locally (Dubos, 1998 [1969]).17 It is, in fact, an extended case study of how a not-for-profit company can think globally and act locally 30 00 The chapters of our book were written as separate contributions to scholarship. However, there is an underlying unity - a broad picture. This chapter aims to highlight such unity without denying noticeable differences between the respective chapters. The book aligns with the aphorism with an interesting history: Think globally, act locally (Dubos, 1998 [1969]).17 It is, in fact, an extended case study of how a not-for-profit company can think globally and act locally 20 00 Open Access Montagu Murray, J C Pauw UJ Press 01 URL https://ujpress.uj.ac.za 01 UJ Press 01 Publisher's website: home page https://ujpress.uj.ac.za/ 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/323 Johannesburg 04 01 20251201 Attie van Niekerk, Kasebwe Timothee Luc Kabongo, Valerie Møller, Roberto Rocco, Juliana Gonçalves, Caroline Newton, Jurie Moolman, Claudine Roos, Phathutshedzo Mukwevhu, Jako Viviers, Selna Cornelius, Niké S. Wesch, Catherine Senyolo, Nicolette V Roman, Betsie le Roux; J C Pauw; Pierre Reyneke, Antoinette van der Merwe, Catherina Schenck, Liam Swanepoel, Mbally Mdluli, Tertius Murray, Kristy Langerman, Hendrik. J. Smith, Rirhandzu Novela, Bianca Wernecke, Christiaan J. Pauw, Sytse Strijbos; Montagu Murray 02 WORLD 06 15 9781997468547 06 15 9781997468578 06 15 9781997468561 WORLD 11 OAPEN 36 OAPEN: webpage for this product https://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/109532 29 OAPEN: download the title https://library.oapen.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.12657/109532/9781997468554.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y 20 08 20251201 01 11 INTERNET_ARCHIVE 36 INTERNET_ARCHIVE: webpage for this product https://archive.org/details/c9b8aaee-214e-48fa-b3be-d26482956a60 29 INTERNET_ARCHIVE: download the title https://archive.org/download/c9b8aaee-214e-48fa-b3be-d26482956a60/c9b8aaee-214e-48fa-b3be-d26482956a60.pdf 20 08 20251201 01 09 UJ Press 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this product https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/323 29 Publisher's website: download the title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/download/323/1374/6295?inline=1 20 08 20251201 01 urn:uuid:027ebe73-2209-4ba2-b257-7878ae69367e 03 01 01 thoth-work-id urn:uuid:c9b8aaee-214e-48fa-b3be-d26482956a60 01 thoth-publication-id urn:uuid:027ebe73-2209-4ba2-b257-7878ae69367e 15 9781997468578 06 10.64449/9781997468554 00 EB E113 10 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ 01 01 Development in the Anthropocene The tough task of working towards planetary well-being with low-income households 1 B01 21 0000-0001-5296-9209 Montagu Murray Montagu Murray 40 0148zjm56 Nova Institute NPC 40 00g0p6g84 University of Pretoria 2 B01 21 0000-0001-6900-688X J C Pauw J C Pauw 40 009xwd568 University of the Free State 3 A01 21 0000-0002-5607-7352 Sytse Strijbos Sytse Strijbos 40 0148zjm56 Nova Institute NPC 4 A01 21 0000-0003-0663-6969 Attie S. van Niekerk Attie S. van Niekerk 40 0148zjm56 Nova Institute NPC 40 00g0p6g84 University of Pretoria 5 A01 21 0000-0001-5709-0850 Kasebwe Timothee Luc Kabongo Kasebwe Kabongo 40 00g0p6g84 University of Pretoria 6 A01 21 0000-0003-1463-1914 Valerie Møller Valerie Møller 40 016sewp10 Rhodes University 7 A01 21 0000-0002-0331-7295 Roberto Rocco Roberto Rocco 40 02e2c7k09 Technische Universiteit Delft 9 A01 21 0000-0002-6290-6129 Claudine Roos Claudine Roos 40 010f1sq29 North-West University 10 A01 21 0000-0002-6889-0631 Phathutshedzo Mukwevhu Phathutshedzo Mukwevhu 40 010f1sq29 North-West University 11 A01 21 0000-0001-8475-4245 Jako Viviers Jako Viviers 40 010f1sq29 North-West University 12 A01 21 0000-0001-8621-5130 Selna Cornelius Selna Cornelius 40 010f1sq29 North-West University 13 A01 21 0000-0002-8189-0695 Niké S. Wesch Niké S. Wesch 40 010f1sq29 North-West University 14 A01 21 0009-0003-6311-7951 Catherine Senyolo Catherine Senyolo 40 0148zjm56 Nova Institute NPC 15 A01 21 0000-0002-4506-437X Nicolette V Roman Nicolette V Roman 40 00h2vm590 University of the Western Cape 16 A01 21 0000-0002-2079-5539 Betsie le Roux Betsie le Roux 40 0148zjm56 Nova Institute NPC 17 A01 21 0000-0001-9329-1684 Pierre Reyneke Pierre Reyneke 40 0148zjm56 Nova Institute NPC 18 A01 21 0000-0003-2489-8479 Antoinette van der Merwe Antoinette van der Merwe 40 00h2vm590 University of the Western Cape 19 A01 21 0000-0001-5299-5335 Catherina Schenck Catherina Schenck 40 00h2vm590 University of the Western Cape 20 A01 21 0009-0006-4907-3210 Liam Swanepoel Liam Swanepoel 40 0148zjm56 Nova Institute NPC 21 A01 Mbally Mdluli Mbally Mdluli 40 0148zjm56 Nova Institute NPC 22 A01 21 0009-0000-5228-7769 Tertius Murray Tertius Murray 40 0148zjm56 Nova Institute NPC 23 A01 21 0000-0003-0936-2051 Kristy Langerman Kristy Langerman 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 24 A01 21 0009-0001-9735-2250 Hendrik. J. Smith Hendrik. J. Smith 40 0148zjm56 Nova Institute NPC 25 A01 21 0000-0001-9864-4581 Rirhandzu Novela Rirhandzu Novela 40 0148zjm56 Nova Institute NPC 26 A01 21 0000-0001-5464-7158 Bianca Wernecke Bianca Wernecke 27 A01 21 0000-0002-1546-1024 Christiaan J Pauw Christiaan Pauw 40 0148zjm56 Nova Institute NPC 40 00g0p6g84 University of Pretoria 28 A01 21 0000-0001-6888-3362 Juliana E. Goncalves Juliana E. Goncalves 40 02e2c7k09 Technische Universiteit Delft 29 A01 21 0000-0003-4848-5871 Jurie Moolman Jurie Moolman 40 010f1sq29 North-West University 01 eng 00 566 03 20 anthropocene 20 development 93 GTP 20 low-income households 20 planetary well-being 10 SOC042000 01 06 02 00 The pith of this book is interventions to collaboratively better the lives of low-income households with their development on a local scale. These interventions are co-created with communities. Successful interventions to provide more efficient and less polluting energy, treatment of waste, and sanitation are discussed here. 03 00 The pith of this book is interventions to collaboratively better the lives of low-income households with their development on a local scale. These interventions are co-created with communities. Successful interventions to provide more efficient and less polluting energy, treatment of waste, and sanitation are discussed here. Access to water is also discussed. They all contribute to planetary well-being in their small way. These are not the only developmental topics: early childhood development, artificial intelligence, policy-making, urban planning, intervention models, and research tools are also on the table. 30 00 The pith of this book is interventions to collaboratively better the lives of low-income households with their development on a local scale. These interventions are co-created with communities. Successful interventions to provide more efficient and less polluting energy, treatment of waste, and sanitation are discussed here. Access to water is also discussed. They all contribute to planetary well-being in their small way. These are not the only developmental topics: early childhood development, artificial intelligence, policy-making, urban planning, intervention models, and research tools are also on the table. 04 00 Overview  J C Pauw, Montagu Murray Part One: Philosophical considerations Chapter 1: Planetary well-being as development goal in the Anthropocene Montagu Murray Chapter 2: The battle of faith and technology in the Anthropocene: climate alarmism versus eco-modernism - between rupture and next step  Sytse Strijbos Part Two: Interventions Chapter 3: An approach to identifying reasonable health-oriented air quality interventions in a data-constrained context  Christiaan J. Pauw, Bianca Wernecke, Rirhandzu Novela, Hendrik. J. Smith Chapter 4: Sustainable energy interventions in low-income households in the Anthropocene: Case studies of the uptake of cleaner energy  Kristy Langerman, Tertius Murray, Mbally Mdluli, Liam Swanepoel, Christiaan J Pauw, Montagu Murray Chapter 5: No time to waste: Lessons learned from waste management in the absence of public services  Catherina Schenck, Antoinette van der Merwe, Pierre Reyneke Chapter 6: Knowledge is power: the danger of knowledge in the search for sanitation solutions with African communities  Attie van Niekerk, Betsie le Roux, Antoinette van der Merwe Chapter 7: Flourishing Early Childhood Development through empowering families: The contribution of the CHICS Programme to parental agency and family-ECD dynamics  Nicolette V Roman, Antoinette van der Merwe, Catherine Senyolo Part Three: Transversals  Chapter 8: The tough task of enhancing the capabilities of low-income households to benefit from the Fourth Industrial Revolution  Christiaan J. Pauw Chapter 9: From consultation to collaboration: a comparative analysis of public participation in low-income communities  Niké S. Wesch, Selna Cornelius, Jako Viviers Chapter 10: The role of scientific evidence in public policymaking for the bio-physical environment where South Africans live  J C Pauw, Phathutshedzo Mukwevhu, Claudine Roos, Jurie Moolman Chapter 11: A case study of deteriorating services in two South African townships and possible implications for spatial justice for cities in the Anthropocene  Caroline Newton, Juliana Gonçalves, Montagu Murray, Roberto Rocco Chapter 12: Case studies in the quality-of-life assessment of cleaner energy interventions through ‘narratives of impact’  Valerie Møller, Montagu Murray Part Four: Autoethnography  Chapter 13: Involvement with a Not-For-Profit Company: An Insight from a Mission Worker  Kasebwe Timothee Luc Kabongo Chapter 14: Sceptical environmentalism  Christiaan J. Pauw Part Five: The golden thread Chapter 15: Drawing the strings together  J C Pauw, Montagu Murray 20 00 Open Access 01 00 03 02 Development in the Anthropocene cover 02 https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/$$$call$$$/submission/cover/cover?submissionId=323&random=323692ea1c50f74e 1 03 06 10.64449/9781997468554-00 1 10 10 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Overview 1 A01 21 0000-0001-6900-688X J C Pauw J C Pauw 40 009xwd568 University of the Free State 2 A01 21 0000-0001-5296-9209 Montagu Murray Montagu Murray 40 00g0p6g84 University of Pretoria 01 eng 02 00 The pith of this book is interventions to collaboratively better the lives of low-income households with their development on a local scale. These interventions are co-created with communities by a not-for-profit company based in South Africa. 03 00 The pith of this book is interventions to collaboratively better the lives of low-income households with their development on a local scale. These interventions are co-created with communities by a not-for-profit company based in South Africa. Successful interventions to provide more efficient and less polluting energy, treatment of waste, and sanitation are discussed here. Access to water is also discussed. They all contribute to planetary well-being in their small way. These are not the only developmental topics: early childhood development (ECD), artificial intelligence (AI), policymaking, urban planning, intervention models, and research tools are also on the table. 30 00 The pith of this book is interventions to collaboratively better the lives of low-income households with their development on a local scale. These interventions are co-created with communities by a not-for-profit company based in South Africa. Successful interventions to provide more efficient and less polluting energy, treatment of waste, and sanitation are discussed here. Access to water is also discussed. They all contribute to planetary well-being in their small way. These are not the only developmental topics: early childhood development (ECD), artificial intelligence (AI), policymaking, urban planning, intervention models, and research tools are also on the table. 20 00 Open Access Montagu Murray, J C Pauw 2 03 06 10.64449/9781997468554-01 13 41 29 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Planetary well-being as development goal in the Anthropocene 1 A01 21 0000-0001-5296-9209 Montagu Murray Montagu Murray 40 00g0p6g84 University of Pretoria 01 eng 02 00 The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, which sets out 17 goals with a comprehensive vision for sustainable development globally, was adopted by all the countries in the United Nations in 2015. The 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) build upon, but are also an improvement on, the eigh 03 00 The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, which sets out 17 goals with a comprehensive vision for sustainable development globally, was adopted by all the countries in the United Nations in 2015. The 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) build upon, but are also an improvement on, the eight Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) adopted by UN member states in September 2000. In this chapter, it will be argued that our evolving understanding of the implications of living in the time of the Anthropocene calls for Planetary Well-being Goals (PWGs) that build upon, but can also improve, the SDGs. Planetary well-being can be defined as the highest attainable standard of well-being for human and living non-human beings within the integrated Earth system. The meaning of this concept will be explored, drawing on disciplines such as Philosophy, Development Studies, Quality of Life Studies, Sociology, Geology, and Theology. The analysis is further informed by personal experiences in development work and quality-of-life impact assessments. The chapter concludes with a list of possible PWGs and some of the most pertinent complexities to navigate going forward. 30 00 The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, which sets out 17 goals with a comprehensive vision for sustainable development globally, was adopted by all the countries in the United Nations in 2015. The 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) build upon, but are also an improvement on, the eight Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) adopted by UN member states in September 2000. In this chapter, it will be argued that our evolving understanding of the implications of living in the time of the Anthropocene calls for Planetary Well-being Goals (PWGs) that build upon, but can also improve, the SDGs. Planetary well-being can be defined as the highest attainable standard of well-being for human and living non-human beings within the integrated Earth system. The meaning of this concept will be explored, drawing on disciplines such as Philosophy, Development Studies, Quality of Life Studies, Sociology, Geology, and Theology. The analysis is further informed by personal experiences in development work and quality-of-life impact assessments. The chapter concludes with a list of possible PWGs and some of the most pertinent complexities to navigate going forward. 20 00 Open Access Montagu Murray 3 03 06 10.64449/9781997468554-02 43 64 22 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 The battle of faith and technology in the Anthropocene: Climate alarmism versus eco-modernism - between rupture and next step 1 A01 Sytse Strijbos Sytse Strijbos 01 eng 02 00 Many people today are seriously concerned with global warming because of human actions and, consequently, the liveability of our planet for future generations. In the societal debate, two directly opposing camps face one another in a contest around faith and technology in the Anthropocene. 03 00 Many people today are seriously concerned with global warming because of human actions and, consequently, the liveability of our planet for future generations. In the societal debate, two directly opposing camps face one another in a contest around faith and technology in the Anthropocene. This chapter offers a critical analysis of both by discussing the ideas of two of its prominent exponents, namely Clive Hamilton (for the climate alarmists) and Braden Allenby (for the eco-modernists). The key point of the analysis is that these parties are inescapably caught in a conflict which cannot hope for a resolution. This is because they are rooted in modernity, which disconnects Earth from its relationship with Heaven and the Creator of Heaven and Earth. 30 00 Many people today are seriously concerned with global warming because of human actions and, consequently, the liveability of our planet for future generations. In the societal debate, two directly opposing camps face one another in a contest around faith and technology in the Anthropocene. This chapter offers a critical analysis of both by discussing the ideas of two of its prominent exponents, namely Clive Hamilton (for the climate alarmists) and Braden Allenby (for the eco-modernists). The key point of the analysis is that these parties are inescapably caught in a conflict which cannot hope for a resolution. This is because they are rooted in modernity, which disconnects Earth from its relationship with Heaven and the Creator of Heaven and Earth. 20 00 Open Access Sytse Strijbos 4 03 06 10.64449/9781997468554-03 67 115 49 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 An approach to identifying reasonable health-oriented air quality interventions in a data-constrained context 1 A01 Christiaan J. Pauw Christiaan J. Pauw 40 00g0p6g84 University of Pretoria 2 A01 21 0000-0001-5464-7158 Bianca Wernecke Bianca Wernecke 3 A01 21 0000-0001-9864-4581 Rirhandzu Novela Rirhandzu Novela 4 A01 21 0009-0001-9735-2250 Hendrik. J. Smith Hendrik. J. Smith 01 eng 02 00 Decreasing industrial emissions receives significant attention and funding. Non-industrial sources from within residential areas are relatively neglected, despite potentially having a higher impact on human health. Implementing evidence-based air quality interventions to improve health in low-income households is a compl 03 00 Decreasing industrial emissions receives significant attention and funding. Non-industrial sources from within residential areas are relatively neglected, despite potentially having a higher impact on human health. Implementing evidence-based air quality interventions to improve health in low-income households is a complex endeavour. This is especially true when targeting local, non-industrial sources. Complexity is apparent in (i) measuring air quality, (ii) quantifying source-specific exposure, (iii) establishing exposure-response, (iv) identifying and prioritising key micro-environments and meso-airsheds that are amenable to intervention, (v) developing and selecting interventions within the reality of low-income households and settlements, and (vi) measuring intervention success in a dynamic context. Some sources have not been researched in depth from the perspectives of air quality and health. This includes sources that are prevalent in low-income settings but not in high-income countries. A lack of high confidence results from air quality and health research about such sources hampers decision-making regarding some intra-community interventions in low-income settings. To make progress with improving health through air quality interventions, we propose (i) considerations regarding the selection of pollutants to target, (ii) considerations regarding exposure reduction, (iii) proceeding with sufficiently positive interventions where sufficient knowledge is available, (iv) an evidence-based1method for intervention development and selection in particular communities or subgroups of households, (v) an appropriate approach to air quality impact evaluation in dynamic environments, (vi) actively avoiding zero-impact interventions, (vii) targeted research regarding specific topics, (viii) respecting the intended beneficiary, (ix) considering the impact of green policies that potentially increase pollutant exposure suffered by members of low-income households by increasing energy cost, and (x) clarifying ambient air. 30 00 Decreasing industrial emissions receives significant attention and funding. Non-industrial sources from within residential areas are relatively neglected, despite potentially having a higher impact on human health. Implementing evidence-based air quality interventions to improve health in low-income households is a complex endeavour. This is especially true when targeting local, non-industrial sources. Complexity is apparent in (i) measuring air quality, (ii) quantifying source-specific exposure, (iii) establishing exposure-response, (iv) identifying and prioritising key micro-environments and meso-airsheds that are amenable to intervention, (v) developing and selecting interventions within the reality of low-income households and settlements, and (vi) measuring intervention success in a dynamic context. Some sources have not been researched in depth from the perspectives of air quality and health. This includes sources that are prevalent in low-income settings but not in high-income countries. A lack of high confidence results from air quality and health research about such sources hampers decision-making regarding some intra-community interventions in low-income settings. To make progress with improving health through air quality interventions, we propose (i) considerations regarding the selection of pollutants to target, (ii) considerations regarding exposure reduction, (iii) proceeding with sufficiently positive interventions where sufficient knowledge is available, (iv) an evidence-based1method for intervention development and selection in particular communities or subgroups of households, (v) an appropriate approach to air quality impact evaluation in dynamic environments, (vi) actively avoiding zero-impact interventions, (vii) targeted research regarding specific topics, (viii) respecting the intended beneficiary, (ix) considering the impact of green policies that potentially increase pollutant exposure suffered by members of low-income households by increasing energy cost, and (x) clarifying ambient air. 20 00 Open Access Hendrik. J. Smith, Rirhandzu Novela, Bianca Wernecke, Christiaan J. Pauw 5 03 06 10.64449/9781997468554-04 117 150 35 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Sustainable energy interventions in low-income households in the Anthropocene: Case studies of the uptake of cleaner energy 1 A01 21 0000-0003-0936-2051 Kristy Langerman Kristy Langerman 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 2 A01 21 0009-0000-5228-7769 Tertius Murray Tertius Murray 3 A01 Mbally Mdluli Mbally Mdluli 4 A01 21 0009-0006-4907-3210 Liam Swanepoel Liam Swanepoel 5 A01 21 0000-0002-1546-1024 Christiaan J Pauw Christiaan Pauw 01 eng 02 00 As global efforts to transition to renewable energy intensify, there is a real risk that households in the Global South, particularly sub-Saharan Africa, will be left behind. The use of dirty fuels can be time-consuming, especially for households that collect wood, and has negative implications for the 03 00 As global efforts to transition to renewable energy intensify, there is a real risk that households in the Global South, particularly sub-Saharan Africa, will be left behind. The use of dirty fuels can be time-consuming, especially for households that collect wood, and has negative implications for the health and safety of household members. Programmes promoting clean energy use in households typically substitute a dirty fuel or appliance with a cleaner alternative, such as a clean-burning stove. Sustainable energy use can also be approached considering the trade-offs that need to be made between energy security, affordability, and environmental sustainability. However, projects designed using these approaches, such as clean cooking stove roll-outs, have typically achieved poor rates of adoption and sustained use. In this chapter, we argue that sustainable household energy interventions are those based on user requirements, designed to meet energy service needs and impact favourably on a household’s ability to meet its fundamental needs. We analyse the approach that the Nova Institute has used to design clean household fuel interventions that have achieved remarkably high success rates in several towns in South Africa. Methods employed in developing interventions for communities in the Platinum Belt in the North West and Limpopo provinces of South Africa are examined. We find that essential elements informing the design of successful interventions are increasing the scale of implementation as knowledge and control increase through a rational project life cycle, a comprehensive understanding of household fuel stacking practices to provide energy applications, and an assessment of the impacts of interventions on the overall quality of life. 30 00 As global efforts to transition to renewable energy intensify, there is a real risk that households in the Global South, particularly sub-Saharan Africa, will be left behind. The use of dirty fuels can be time-consuming, especially for households that collect wood, and has negative implications for the health and safety of household members. Programmes promoting clean energy use in households typically substitute a dirty fuel or appliance with a cleaner alternative, such as a clean-burning stove. Sustainable energy use can also be approached considering the trade-offs that need to be made between energy security, affordability, and environmental sustainability. However, projects designed using these approaches, such as clean cooking stove roll-outs, have typically achieved poor rates of adoption and sustained use. In this chapter, we argue that sustainable household energy interventions are those based on user requirements, designed to meet energy service needs and impact favourably on a household’s ability to meet its fundamental needs. We analyse the approach that the Nova Institute has used to design clean household fuel interventions that have achieved remarkably high success rates in several towns in South Africa. Methods employed in developing interventions for communities in the Platinum Belt in the North West and Limpopo provinces of South Africa are examined. We find that essential elements informing the design of successful interventions are increasing the scale of implementation as knowledge and control increase through a rational project life cycle, a comprehensive understanding of household fuel stacking practices to provide energy applications, and an assessment of the impacts of interventions on the overall quality of life. 20 00 Open Access Liam Swanepoel, Mbally Mdluli, Tertius Murray, Kristy Langerman, Christiaan J. Pauw 6 03 06 10.64449/9781997468554-05 151 188 Unspecified 02 https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/view/323/1374/6287 Chapter 01 01 No time to waste: Lessons learned from waste management in the absence of public services 1 A01 21 0000-0001-5299-5335 Catherina Schenck Catherina Schenck 40 00h2vm590 University of the Western Cape 2 A01 21 0000-0003-2489-8479 Antoinette van der Merwe Antoinette van der Merwe 40 00g0p6g84 University of Pretoria 3 A01 21 0000-0001-9329-1684 Pierre Reyneke Pierre Reyneke 01 eng 20 00 Open Access Pierre Reyneke, Antoinette van der Merwe, Catherina Schenck 7 03 06 10.64449/9781997468554-06 189 223 35 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Knowledge is power The danger of knowledge in the search for sanitation solutions with African communities 1 A01 Attie van Niekerk Attie van Niekerk 40 00g0p6g84 University of Pretoria 2 A01 21 0000-0002-2079-5539 Betsie le Roux Betsie le Roux 3 A01 21 0000-0003-2489-8479 Antoinette van der Merwe Antoinette van der Merwe 40 00g0p6g84 University of Pretoria 01 eng 02 00 People in low-income communities in South Africa generally suffer from inadequate sanitation. This causes numerous health and safety risks, especially to women and children who are most vulnerable. In this chapter, the authors reflect on the way that we are preparing ourselves for a process to develop decentralised, non-sewered sa 03 00 People in low-income communities in South Africa generally suffer from inadequate sanitation. This causes numerous health and safety risks, especially to women and children who are most vulnerable. In this chapter, the authors reflect on the way that we are preparing ourselves for a process to develop decentralised, non-sewered sanitation practices together with residents in rural and peri-urban communities, who often have different cultural and religious thought patterns than the experts who present technical solutions to them. In our experience, when people from a modern Western context implement solutions in the African context, the solutions are often incompatible with the new context. We used the concepts of lifeworld, sense of place and consciousness to better understand the relationship between people, their environment, and the technologies that they use. We present two case studies to illustrate how such philosophical theories can be applied. We keep in mind that knowledge is power. A better understanding of knowledge transfer and how it can undermine the co-creation process is considered an important step in preparing for co-designing solutions with end users. 30 00 People in low-income communities in South Africa generally suffer from inadequate sanitation. This causes numerous health and safety risks, especially to women and children who are most vulnerable. In this chapter, the authors reflect on the way that we are preparing ourselves for a process to develop decentralised, non-sewered sanitation practices together with residents in rural and peri-urban communities, who often have different cultural and religious thought patterns than the experts who present technical solutions to them. In our experience, when people from a modern Western context implement solutions in the African context, the solutions are often incompatible with the new context. We used the concepts of lifeworld, sense of place and consciousness to better understand the relationship between people, their environment, and the technologies that they use. We present two case studies to illustrate how such philosophical theories can be applied. We keep in mind that knowledge is power. A better understanding of knowledge transfer and how it can undermine the co-creation process is considered an important step in preparing for co-designing solutions with end users. 20 00 Open Access Attie van Niekerk, Betsie le Roux, Antoinette van der Merwe 8 03 06 10.64449/9781997468554-07 225 260 36 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Flourishing Early Childhood Development through empowering families: The contribution of the CHICS Programme to parental agency and family-ECD dynamics 1 A01 21 0000-0002-4506-437X Nicolette V Roman Nicolette V Roman 40 00h2vm590 University of the Western Cape 2 A01 21 0000-0003-2489-8479 Antoinette van der Merwe Antoinette van der Merwe 40 00g0p6g84 University of Pretoria 3 A01 21 0009-0003-6311-7951 Catherine Senyolo Catherine Senyolo 01 eng 02 00 Early infancy is vital for development and growth, with long-term effects. Many children struggle in the early years and may not receive sufficient support to engage in developmental activities throughout these crucial years. Families must be equipped and reinforced to enhance the development of their children. Si 03 00 Early infancy is vital for development and growth, with long-term effects. Many children struggle in the early years and may not receive sufficient support to engage in developmental activities throughout these crucial years. Families must be equipped and reinforced to enhance the development of their children. Significant advantages may come from family-centred programmes enhancing parental agency and family dynamics for early childhood development (ECD). This qualitative study explored the growth and contribution of the Community Household Interface Care and Support (CHICS) programme of the Nova Institute. This qualitative study was implemented through a document review and analysis by examining documents covering 2010 to 2023. Important findings illustrate how CHICS developed from a community-based franchise model to an ECD centre-based model, thereby enhancing economics and sustainability. The programme curriculum’s core strengths - parental agency, family-ECD centre collaboration, and whole child development - turned out to be its essence. CHICS provided better interactions between parents and ECD professionals, increased parental engagement in children’s schooling, and supported parent networks. Furthermore, the CHICS programme encourages family-ECD centre cooperation so that parents may participate in the development of their children. By changing family dynamics and parent agency at the micro level, community-based interventions such as the CHICS programme may help ECD systemically. This emphasises the importance of policy and financial tools to increase empowerment-based family interventions to foster early childhood flourishing, particularly amongst disadvantaged groups. 30 00 Early infancy is vital for development and growth, with long-term effects. Many children struggle in the early years and may not receive sufficient support to engage in developmental activities throughout these crucial years. Families must be equipped and reinforced to enhance the development of their children. Significant advantages may come from family-centred programmes enhancing parental agency and family dynamics for early childhood development (ECD). This qualitative study explored the growth and contribution of the Community Household Interface Care and Support (CHICS) programme of the Nova Institute. This qualitative study was implemented through a document review and analysis by examining documents covering 2010 to 2023. Important findings illustrate how CHICS developed from a community-based franchise model to an ECD centre-based model, thereby enhancing economics and sustainability. The programme curriculum’s core strengths - parental agency, family-ECD centre collaboration, and whole child development - turned out to be its essence. CHICS provided better interactions between parents and ECD professionals, increased parental engagement in children’s schooling, and supported parent networks. Furthermore, the CHICS programme encourages family-ECD centre cooperation so that parents may participate in the development of their children. By changing family dynamics and parent agency at the micro level, community-based interventions such as the CHICS programme may help ECD systemically. This emphasises the importance of policy and financial tools to increase empowerment-based family interventions to foster early childhood flourishing, particularly amongst disadvantaged groups. 20 00 Open Access Catherine Senyolo, Nicolette V Roman, Antoinette van der Merwe 9 03 06 10.64449/9781997468554-08 263 299 37 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 The tough task of enhancing the capabilities of low-income households to benefit from the Fourth Industrial Revolution 1 A01 Christiaan J. Pauw Christiaan J. Pauw 40 00g0p6g84 University of Pretoria 01 eng 02 00 The introduction of a series of advanced technologies, collectively referred to as the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR), has already altered traditional production and consumption patterns and is likely to continue doing so in future. South Africa faces a primary education crisis, as well as high rates 03 00 The introduction of a series of advanced technologies, collectively referred to as the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR), has already altered traditional production and consumption patterns and is likely to continue doing so in future. South Africa faces a primary education crisis, as well as high rates of poverty and unemployment. Given the existing limitations and inequalities, it is unclear whether the 4IR will benefit all members of society equally or at all. This chapter aims to investigate the potential of the 4IR to enhance the quality of life of low-income households in South Africa. We will conduct our investigation by considering the relevance of 4IR technologies for the household, using the 25 elements of the household identified in Nova’s QOLA1 instrument. We will investigate whether there are ways in which low-income households can benefit from the transformations brought about by the 4IR or if there are specific barriers that need to be removed for low-income households to benefit. Given that the interface between low-income households and 4IR technologies is an emerging phenomenon and that the data is sourced from case studies, this chapter will identify key questions and themes for further research rather than offer firm recommendations for action. 30 00 The introduction of a series of advanced technologies, collectively referred to as the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR), has already altered traditional production and consumption patterns and is likely to continue doing so in future. South Africa faces a primary education crisis, as well as high rates of poverty and unemployment. Given the existing limitations and inequalities, it is unclear whether the 4IR will benefit all members of society equally or at all. This chapter aims to investigate the potential of the 4IR to enhance the quality of life of low-income households in South Africa. We will conduct our investigation by considering the relevance of 4IR technologies for the household, using the 25 elements of the household identified in Nova’s QOLA1 instrument. We will investigate whether there are ways in which low-income households can benefit from the transformations brought about by the 4IR or if there are specific barriers that need to be removed for low-income households to benefit. Given that the interface between low-income households and 4IR technologies is an emerging phenomenon and that the data is sourced from case studies, this chapter will identify key questions and themes for further research rather than offer firm recommendations for action. 20 00 Open Access Christiaan J. Pauw 10 03 06 10.64449/9781997468554-09 301 333 34 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 From consultation to collaboration: A comparative analysis of public participation in low-income communities 1 A01 21 0000-0002-8189-0695 Niké S. Wesch Niké S. Wesch 40 010f1sq29 North-West University 2 A01 21 0000-0001-8621-5130 Selna Cornelius Selna Cornelius 40 010f1sq29 North-West University 3 A01 21 0000-0001-8475-4245 Jako Viviers Jako Viviers 40 010f1sq29 North-West University 01 eng 02 00 Addressing complex societal challenges, or “wicked problems”, demands innovative approaches that embrace the messy and complex nature of decision-making processes. There is an increasing emphasis on including all stakeholders’ diverse interests, values, and preferences in these problem-solving processes, especia 03 00 Addressing complex societal challenges, or “wicked problems”, demands innovative approaches that embrace the messy and complex nature of decision-making processes. There is an increasing emphasis on including all stakeholders’ diverse interests, values, and preferences in these problem-solving processes, especially those of the voiceless within Global South low-income communities. This chapter explores the shift in public participation from traditional consultation models to more collaborative approaches in addressing “wicked problems” within low-income communities.1 The study employs a comparative analysis of two case studies using a SWOT analysis, intending to compare the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats posed by varying levels of public participation. The first case primarily involves consultation with the community about an intervention, while the second focuses on collaboration through co-creating the intervention with the community. By illuminating the dynamics between traditional public participation consultation processes and collaborative, community-driven approaches, this research contributes insights to the discourse on effective decision-making strategies and empowering communities through participatory engagement. 30 00 Addressing complex societal challenges, or “wicked problems”, demands innovative approaches that embrace the messy and complex nature of decision-making processes. There is an increasing emphasis on including all stakeholders’ diverse interests, values, and preferences in these problem-solving processes, especially those of the voiceless within Global South low-income communities. This chapter explores the shift in public participation from traditional consultation models to more collaborative approaches in addressing “wicked problems” within low-income communities.1 The study employs a comparative analysis of two case studies using a SWOT analysis, intending to compare the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats posed by varying levels of public participation. The first case primarily involves consultation with the community about an intervention, while the second focuses on collaboration through co-creating the intervention with the community. By illuminating the dynamics between traditional public participation consultation processes and collaborative, community-driven approaches, this research contributes insights to the discourse on effective decision-making strategies and empowering communities through participatory engagement. 20 00 Open Access Jako Viviers, Selna Cornelius, Niké S. Wesch 11 03 06 10.64449/9781997468554-10 335 389 55 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 The role of scientific evidence in public policymaking for the bio-physical environment where South Africans live 1 A01 21 0000-0001-6900-688X J C Pauw J C Pauw 40 009xwd568 University of the Free State 2 A01 21 0000-0002-6889-0631 Phathutshedzo Mukwevhu Phathutshedzo Mukwevhu 40 010f1sq29 North-West University 3 A01 21 0000-0002-6290-6129 Claudine Roos Claudine Roos 40 010f1sq29 North-West University 4 A01 21 0000-0003-4848-5871 Jurie Moolman Jurie Moolman 40 010f1sq29 North-West University 01 eng 02 00 We explore the role of evidence in policymaking in ambient air, waste, and water against the background of the main pieces of legislation covering these areas. Evidence is defined narrowly as corroborated results of properly conducted scientific research and data sourced from scientific technology, as well as science-based advi 03 00 We explore the role of evidence in policymaking in ambient air, waste, and water against the background of the main pieces of legislation covering these areas. Evidence is defined narrowly as corroborated results of properly conducted scientific research and data sourced from scientific technology, as well as science-based advice by experts. Policy in the areas that we investigated is articulated on several levels, subject to Section 24 of the Constitution: white papers (white papers on the environment and sector-specific white papers), Acts, strategies and frameworks, regulations, and finally norms and standards. This set of policies embodies a conceptual hierarchy but also a historical sequence. We found that the role of evidence as defined grew with time, but also as attention moved from concepts to the physical environment. Interesting aspects that surfaced were the role of consultants and the degree to which policy was based on imported or local research. 30 00 We explore the role of evidence in policymaking in ambient air, waste, and water against the background of the main pieces of legislation covering these areas. Evidence is defined narrowly as corroborated results of properly conducted scientific research and data sourced from scientific technology, as well as science-based advice by experts. Policy in the areas that we investigated is articulated on several levels, subject to Section 24 of the Constitution: white papers (white papers on the environment and sector-specific white papers), Acts, strategies and frameworks, regulations, and finally norms and standards. This set of policies embodies a conceptual hierarchy but also a historical sequence. We found that the role of evidence as defined grew with time, but also as attention moved from concepts to the physical environment. Interesting aspects that surfaced were the role of consultants and the degree to which policy was based on imported or local research. 20 00 Open Access Jurie Moolman, Claudine Roos, Phathutshedzo Mukwevhu, J C Pauw 12 03 06 10.64449/9781997468554-11 391 435 45 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 A case study of deteriorating services in two South African townships and possible implications for spatial justice for cities in the Anthropocene 1 A01 21 0000-0002-0537-4373 Caroline Newton Caroline Newton 40 02e2c7k09 Technische Universiteit Delft 2 A01 21 0000-0001-6888-3362 Juliana E. Goncalves Juliana E. Goncalves 40 02e2c7k09 Technische Universiteit Delft 3 A01 21 0000-0001-5296-9209 Montagu Murray Montagu Murray 4 A01 21 0000-0002-0331-7295 Roberto Rocco Roberto Rocco 40 02e2c7k09 Technische Universiteit Delft 01 eng 02 00 This chapter explores the implications for spatial justice in the Urban Anthropocene of the deteriorating services in two South African townships, eMbalenhle and Lebohang, in the Mpumalanga province of South Africa. Utilising data from Nova’s Re-baseline Services Report, literature, and government policies, the 03 00 This chapter explores the implications for spatial justice in the Urban Anthropocene of the deteriorating services in two South African townships, eMbalenhle and Lebohang, in the Mpumalanga province of South Africa. Utilising data from Nova’s Re-baseline Services Report, literature, and government policies, the chapter investigates how service distribution disparities and the recognition of diverse community needs and identities intersect to shape spatial injustices in urban environments. The findings reveal significant inequities in access to services, highlighting challenges in access to water, electricity, waste disposal, and housing. The analysis emphasises the need for inclusive and equitable urban planning and policymaking that acknowledges and addresses the unique challenges of different groups, particularly in the context of rapid and informal urbanisation. This study contributes to the discourse on urbanisation in Africa, offering insights into the complexities of achieving spatial justice in the Anthropocene era. 30 00 This chapter explores the implications for spatial justice in the Urban Anthropocene of the deteriorating services in two South African townships, eMbalenhle and Lebohang, in the Mpumalanga province of South Africa. Utilising data from Nova’s Re-baseline Services Report, literature, and government policies, the chapter investigates how service distribution disparities and the recognition of diverse community needs and identities intersect to shape spatial injustices in urban environments. The findings reveal significant inequities in access to services, highlighting challenges in access to water, electricity, waste disposal, and housing. The analysis emphasises the need for inclusive and equitable urban planning and policymaking that acknowledges and addresses the unique challenges of different groups, particularly in the context of rapid and informal urbanisation. This study contributes to the discourse on urbanisation in Africa, offering insights into the complexities of achieving spatial justice in the Anthropocene era. 20 00 Open Access Roberto Rocco, Juliana Gonçalves, Caroline Newton, Montagu Murray 13 03 06 10.64449/9781997468554-12 437 473 37 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Case studies in the quality-oflife assessment of cleaner energy interventions through ‘narratives of impact’ 2 A01 21 0000-0001-5296-9209 Montagu Murray Montagu Murray 4 A01 21 0000-0003-1463-1914 Valerie Møller Valerie Møller 40 016sewp10 Rhodes University 01 eng 02 00 In air quality programmes, interventions must be found to reduce air pollution from local sources of emissions in low-income contexts1. These sources include the burning of domestic fuels such as coal, wood, and paraffin, as well as the burning of domestic waste and vehicle-entrained road dust. 03 00 In air quality programmes, interventions must be found to reduce air pollution from local sources of emissions in low-income contexts1. These sources include the burning of domestic fuels such as coal, wood, and paraffin, as well as the burning of domestic waste and vehicle-entrained road dust. Households use domestic fuels that cause harmful emissions: either as primary energy carriers or as stacking fuels for utilities such as cooking, space heating, and heating water for bathing and cleaning. When alternative cleaner energy options are introduced to households, it is crucial that these alternatives improve the quality of life of end users and do not introduce unforeseen negative side effects. Nova investigates the feasibility of interventions or intervention combinations before proceeding to larger-scale implementation. 30 00 In air quality programmes, interventions must be found to reduce air pollution from local sources of emissions in low-income contexts1. These sources include the burning of domestic fuels such as coal, wood, and paraffin, as well as the burning of domestic waste and vehicle-entrained road dust. Households use domestic fuels that cause harmful emissions: either as primary energy carriers or as stacking fuels for utilities such as cooking, space heating, and heating water for bathing and cleaning. When alternative cleaner energy options are introduced to households, it is crucial that these alternatives improve the quality of life of end users and do not introduce unforeseen negative side effects. Nova investigates the feasibility of interventions or intervention combinations before proceeding to larger-scale implementation. 20 00 Open Access Valerie Møller, Montagu Murray 14 03 06 10.64449/9781997468554-13 477 492 16 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Involvement with a Not-For- Profit Company: An Insight from a Mission Worker 1 A01 21 0000-0001-5709-0850 Kasebwe Timothee Luc Kabongo Kasebwe Kabongo 40 00g0p6g84 University of Pretoria 01 eng 02 00 This chapter is an autoethnographic reflection of the author, a mission worker under an organisation called InnerCHANGE, and involved with a not-for-profit organisation called Nova. Nova’s goal is to be a centre of excellence in the development and implementation of products and services that improve the 03 00 This chapter is an autoethnographic reflection of the author, a mission worker under an organisation called InnerCHANGE, and involved with a not-for-profit organisation called Nova. Nova’s goal is to be a centre of excellence in the development and implementation of products and services that improve the quality of life of low-income households and to take the solution to scale in Southern Africa with households and networks. The author is a mission worker serving incarnationally in a community of poverty in South Africa. His goal is to communicate the good news of the gospel in tangible and transformational ways. He is therefore constantly on the lookout for new strategies and new skills to achieve his goal. He sees his efforts as an attempt to be a good news agent in society. He lives in a local community where the presence of Christian churches of various denominations is prominent and visible. Yet, this is a local community where residents long for love in action to be demonstrated by the church and other institutions. This research asks: How can the church remain teachable about what it means to be good news to the world around it? The author uses the book of the Bible, Jeremiah 29:7, as an interpretive framework to reflect on his experiences of learning from Nova and how he could contribute to the improvement of Nova’s output in its aim to improve the quality of households located in communities of poverty. He discovered that Nova’s vision of healthy household culture has challenged InnerCHANGE to seek to minister to an entire household, not an individual alone. He has also discovered that pursuing a good quality of life through practical ministry is a valid form of evangelism. He has learned to entertain partnerships with various organisations that believe in making a difference in ordinary people’s everyday lives. He is finally learning to be involved in various communities of poverty so that everyday lives can be transformed positively. The chapter concludes that a healthy partnership between Nova and InnerCHANGE South Africa could be mutually beneficial. Nova could improve its ability to involve residents of communities of poverty where it is working in their participation in solution-seeking. InnerCHANGE South Africa could strengthen its incarnational approach through tangible projects that improve the quality of life of ordinary people. 30 00 This chapter is an autoethnographic reflection of the author, a mission worker under an organisation called InnerCHANGE, and involved with a not-for-profit organisation called Nova. Nova’s goal is to be a centre of excellence in the development and implementation of products and services that improve the quality of life of low-income households and to take the solution to scale in Southern Africa with households and networks. The author is a mission worker serving incarnationally in a community of poverty in South Africa. His goal is to communicate the good news of the gospel in tangible and transformational ways. He is therefore constantly on the lookout for new strategies and new skills to achieve his goal. He sees his efforts as an attempt to be a good news agent in society. He lives in a local community where the presence of Christian churches of various denominations is prominent and visible. Yet, this is a local community where residents long for love in action to be demonstrated by the church and other institutions. This research asks: How can the church remain teachable about what it means to be good news to the world around it? The author uses the book of the Bible, Jeremiah 29:7, as an interpretive framework to reflect on his experiences of learning from Nova and how he could contribute to the improvement of Nova’s output in its aim to improve the quality of households located in communities of poverty. He discovered that Nova’s vision of healthy household culture has challenged InnerCHANGE to seek to minister to an entire household, not an individual alone. He has also discovered that pursuing a good quality of life through practical ministry is a valid form of evangelism. He has learned to entertain partnerships with various organisations that believe in making a difference in ordinary people’s everyday lives. He is finally learning to be involved in various communities of poverty so that everyday lives can be transformed positively. The chapter concludes that a healthy partnership between Nova and InnerCHANGE South Africa could be mutually beneficial. Nova could improve its ability to involve residents of communities of poverty where it is working in their participation in solution-seeking. InnerCHANGE South Africa could strengthen its incarnational approach through tangible projects that improve the quality of life of ordinary people. 20 00 Open Access Kasebwe Timothee Luc Kabongo 15 03 06 10.64449/9781997468554-14 493 523 31 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Sceptical environmentalism 1 A01 21 0000-0002-1546-1024 Christiaan J Pauw Christiaan Pauw 40 00g0p6g84 University of Pretoria 01 eng 02 00 Using an autoethnographic approach, the author examines the evolution of his scepticism towards the environmental movement, influenced by personal experiences and reflection. Key themes include the challenges of integrating faith and critical thinking, the practical implementation of air quality initiati 03 00 Using an autoethnographic approach, the author examines the evolution of his scepticism towards the environmental movement, influenced by personal experiences and reflection. Key themes include the challenges of integrating faith and critical thinking, the practical implementation of air quality initiatives, the critique of environmental activism, and the potential of blockchain technology for environmental impact accounting. The narrative highlights the complexity of integrating environmental protection and human development goals, advocating for freedom of speech and evidence-based approaches. 30 00 Using an autoethnographic approach, the author examines the evolution of his scepticism towards the environmental movement, influenced by personal experiences and reflection. Key themes include the challenges of integrating faith and critical thinking, the practical implementation of air quality initiatives, the critique of environmental activism, and the potential of blockchain technology for environmental impact accounting. The narrative highlights the complexity of integrating environmental protection and human development goals, advocating for freedom of speech and evidence-based approaches. 20 00 Open Access Christiaan J. Pauw 16 03 06 10.64449/9781997468554-15 527 532 6 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Drawing the strings together 1 A01 21 0000-0001-6900-688X J C Pauw J C Pauw 40 009xwd568 University of the Free State 2 A01 21 0000-0001-5296-9209 Montagu Murray Montagu Murray 40 0148zjm56 Nova Institute NPC 40 00g0p6g84 University of Pretoria 01 eng 02 00 The chapters of our book were written as separate contributions to scholarship. However, there is an underlying unity - a broad picture. This chapter aims to highlight such unity without denying noticeable differences between the respective chapters 03 00 The chapters of our book were written as separate contributions to scholarship. However, there is an underlying unity - a broad picture. This chapter aims to highlight such unity without denying noticeable differences between the respective chapters. The book aligns with the aphorism with an interesting history: Think globally, act locally (Dubos, 1998 [1969]).17 It is, in fact, an extended case study of how a not-for-profit company can think globally and act locally 30 00 The chapters of our book were written as separate contributions to scholarship. However, there is an underlying unity - a broad picture. This chapter aims to highlight such unity without denying noticeable differences between the respective chapters. The book aligns with the aphorism with an interesting history: Think globally, act locally (Dubos, 1998 [1969]).17 It is, in fact, an extended case study of how a not-for-profit company can think globally and act locally 20 00 Open Access Montagu Murray, J C Pauw UJ Press 01 URL https://ujpress.uj.ac.za 01 UJ Press 01 Publisher's website: home page https://ujpress.uj.ac.za/ 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/323 Johannesburg 04 01 20251201 Attie van Niekerk, Kasebwe Timothee Luc Kabongo, Valerie Møller, Roberto Rocco, Juliana Gonçalves, Caroline Newton, Jurie Moolman, Claudine Roos, Phathutshedzo Mukwevhu, Jako Viviers, Selna Cornelius, Niké S. Wesch, Catherine Senyolo, Nicolette V Roman, Betsie le Roux; J C Pauw; Pierre Reyneke, Antoinette van der Merwe, Catherina Schenck, Liam Swanepoel, Mbally Mdluli, Tertius Murray, Kristy Langerman, Hendrik. J. Smith, Rirhandzu Novela, Bianca Wernecke, Christiaan J. Pauw, Sytse Strijbos; Montagu Murray 02 WORLD 06 15 9781997468547 06 15 9781997468554 06 15 9781997468561 WORLD 09 UJ Press 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this product https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/323 29 Publisher's website: download the title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/323 20 08 20251201 01 urn:uuid:96b1735c-d57e-4591-8785-e7eac9c9f03f 03 01 01 thoth-work-id urn:uuid:c9b8aaee-214e-48fa-b3be-d26482956a60 01 thoth-publication-id urn:uuid:96b1735c-d57e-4591-8785-e7eac9c9f03f 15 9781997468561 06 10.64449/9781997468554 00 EB E101 10 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ 01 01 Development in the Anthropocene The tough task of working towards planetary well-being with low-income households 1 B01 21 0000-0001-5296-9209 Montagu Murray Montagu Murray 40 0148zjm56 Nova Institute NPC 40 00g0p6g84 University of Pretoria 2 B01 21 0000-0001-6900-688X J C Pauw J C Pauw 40 009xwd568 University of the Free State 3 A01 21 0000-0002-5607-7352 Sytse Strijbos Sytse Strijbos 40 0148zjm56 Nova Institute NPC 4 A01 21 0000-0003-0663-6969 Attie S. van Niekerk Attie S. van Niekerk 40 0148zjm56 Nova Institute NPC 40 00g0p6g84 University of Pretoria 5 A01 21 0000-0001-5709-0850 Kasebwe Timothee Luc Kabongo Kasebwe Kabongo 40 00g0p6g84 University of Pretoria 6 A01 21 0000-0003-1463-1914 Valerie Møller Valerie Møller 40 016sewp10 Rhodes University 7 A01 21 0000-0002-0331-7295 Roberto Rocco Roberto Rocco 40 02e2c7k09 Technische Universiteit Delft 9 A01 21 0000-0002-6290-6129 Claudine Roos Claudine Roos 40 010f1sq29 North-West University 10 A01 21 0000-0002-6889-0631 Phathutshedzo Mukwevhu Phathutshedzo Mukwevhu 40 010f1sq29 North-West University 11 A01 21 0000-0001-8475-4245 Jako Viviers Jako Viviers 40 010f1sq29 North-West University 12 A01 21 0000-0001-8621-5130 Selna Cornelius Selna Cornelius 40 010f1sq29 North-West University 13 A01 21 0000-0002-8189-0695 Niké S. Wesch Niké S. Wesch 40 010f1sq29 North-West University 14 A01 21 0009-0003-6311-7951 Catherine Senyolo Catherine Senyolo 40 0148zjm56 Nova Institute NPC 15 A01 21 0000-0002-4506-437X Nicolette V Roman Nicolette V Roman 40 00h2vm590 University of the Western Cape 16 A01 21 0000-0002-2079-5539 Betsie le Roux Betsie le Roux 40 0148zjm56 Nova Institute NPC 17 A01 21 0000-0001-9329-1684 Pierre Reyneke Pierre Reyneke 40 0148zjm56 Nova Institute NPC 18 A01 21 0000-0003-2489-8479 Antoinette van der Merwe Antoinette van der Merwe 40 00h2vm590 University of the Western Cape 19 A01 21 0000-0001-5299-5335 Catherina Schenck Catherina Schenck 40 00h2vm590 University of the Western Cape 20 A01 21 0009-0006-4907-3210 Liam Swanepoel Liam Swanepoel 40 0148zjm56 Nova Institute NPC 21 A01 Mbally Mdluli Mbally Mdluli 40 0148zjm56 Nova Institute NPC 22 A01 21 0009-0000-5228-7769 Tertius Murray Tertius Murray 40 0148zjm56 Nova Institute NPC 23 A01 21 0000-0003-0936-2051 Kristy Langerman Kristy Langerman 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 24 A01 21 0009-0001-9735-2250 Hendrik. J. Smith Hendrik. J. Smith 40 0148zjm56 Nova Institute NPC 25 A01 21 0000-0001-9864-4581 Rirhandzu Novela Rirhandzu Novela 40 0148zjm56 Nova Institute NPC 26 A01 21 0000-0001-5464-7158 Bianca Wernecke Bianca Wernecke 27 A01 21 0000-0002-1546-1024 Christiaan J Pauw Christiaan Pauw 40 0148zjm56 Nova Institute NPC 40 00g0p6g84 University of Pretoria 28 A01 21 0000-0001-6888-3362 Juliana E. Goncalves Juliana E. Goncalves 40 02e2c7k09 Technische Universiteit Delft 29 A01 21 0000-0003-4848-5871 Jurie Moolman Jurie Moolman 40 010f1sq29 North-West University 01 eng 00 566 03 20 anthropocene 20 development 93 GTP 20 low-income households 20 planetary well-being 10 SOC042000 01 06 02 00 The pith of this book is interventions to collaboratively better the lives of low-income households with their development on a local scale. These interventions are co-created with communities. Successful interventions to provide more efficient and less polluting energy, treatment of waste, and sanitation are discussed here. 03 00 The pith of this book is interventions to collaboratively better the lives of low-income households with their development on a local scale. These interventions are co-created with communities. Successful interventions to provide more efficient and less polluting energy, treatment of waste, and sanitation are discussed here. Access to water is also discussed. They all contribute to planetary well-being in their small way. These are not the only developmental topics: early childhood development, artificial intelligence, policy-making, urban planning, intervention models, and research tools are also on the table. 30 00 The pith of this book is interventions to collaboratively better the lives of low-income households with their development on a local scale. These interventions are co-created with communities. Successful interventions to provide more efficient and less polluting energy, treatment of waste, and sanitation are discussed here. Access to water is also discussed. They all contribute to planetary well-being in their small way. These are not the only developmental topics: early childhood development, artificial intelligence, policy-making, urban planning, intervention models, and research tools are also on the table. 04 00 Overview  J C Pauw, Montagu Murray Part One: Philosophical considerations Chapter 1: Planetary well-being as development goal in the Anthropocene Montagu Murray Chapter 2: The battle of faith and technology in the Anthropocene: climate alarmism versus eco-modernism - between rupture and next step  Sytse Strijbos Part Two: Interventions Chapter 3: An approach to identifying reasonable health-oriented air quality interventions in a data-constrained context  Christiaan J. Pauw, Bianca Wernecke, Rirhandzu Novela, Hendrik. J. Smith Chapter 4: Sustainable energy interventions in low-income households in the Anthropocene: Case studies of the uptake of cleaner energy  Kristy Langerman, Tertius Murray, Mbally Mdluli, Liam Swanepoel, Christiaan J Pauw, Montagu Murray Chapter 5: No time to waste: Lessons learned from waste management in the absence of public services  Catherina Schenck, Antoinette van der Merwe, Pierre Reyneke Chapter 6: Knowledge is power: the danger of knowledge in the search for sanitation solutions with African communities  Attie van Niekerk, Betsie le Roux, Antoinette van der Merwe Chapter 7: Flourishing Early Childhood Development through empowering families: The contribution of the CHICS Programme to parental agency and family-ECD dynamics  Nicolette V Roman, Antoinette van der Merwe, Catherine Senyolo Part Three: Transversals  Chapter 8: The tough task of enhancing the capabilities of low-income households to benefit from the Fourth Industrial Revolution  Christiaan J. Pauw Chapter 9: From consultation to collaboration: a comparative analysis of public participation in low-income communities  Niké S. Wesch, Selna Cornelius, Jako Viviers Chapter 10: The role of scientific evidence in public policymaking for the bio-physical environment where South Africans live  J C Pauw, Phathutshedzo Mukwevhu, Claudine Roos, Jurie Moolman Chapter 11: A case study of deteriorating services in two South African townships and possible implications for spatial justice for cities in the Anthropocene  Caroline Newton, Juliana Gonçalves, Montagu Murray, Roberto Rocco Chapter 12: Case studies in the quality-of-life assessment of cleaner energy interventions through ‘narratives of impact’  Valerie Møller, Montagu Murray Part Four: Autoethnography  Chapter 13: Involvement with a Not-For-Profit Company: An Insight from a Mission Worker  Kasebwe Timothee Luc Kabongo Chapter 14: Sceptical environmentalism  Christiaan J. Pauw Part Five: The golden thread Chapter 15: Drawing the strings together  J C Pauw, Montagu Murray 20 00 Open Access 01 00 03 02 Development in the Anthropocene cover 02 https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/$$$call$$$/submission/cover/cover?submissionId=323&random=323692ea1c50f74e 1 03 06 10.64449/9781997468554-00 1 10 10 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Overview 1 A01 21 0000-0001-6900-688X J C Pauw J C Pauw 40 009xwd568 University of the Free State 2 A01 21 0000-0001-5296-9209 Montagu Murray Montagu Murray 40 00g0p6g84 University of Pretoria 01 eng 02 00 The pith of this book is interventions to collaboratively better the lives of low-income households with their development on a local scale. These interventions are co-created with communities by a not-for-profit company based in South Africa. 03 00 The pith of this book is interventions to collaboratively better the lives of low-income households with their development on a local scale. These interventions are co-created with communities by a not-for-profit company based in South Africa. Successful interventions to provide more efficient and less polluting energy, treatment of waste, and sanitation are discussed here. Access to water is also discussed. They all contribute to planetary well-being in their small way. These are not the only developmental topics: early childhood development (ECD), artificial intelligence (AI), policymaking, urban planning, intervention models, and research tools are also on the table. 30 00 The pith of this book is interventions to collaboratively better the lives of low-income households with their development on a local scale. These interventions are co-created with communities by a not-for-profit company based in South Africa. Successful interventions to provide more efficient and less polluting energy, treatment of waste, and sanitation are discussed here. Access to water is also discussed. They all contribute to planetary well-being in their small way. These are not the only developmental topics: early childhood development (ECD), artificial intelligence (AI), policymaking, urban planning, intervention models, and research tools are also on the table. 20 00 Open Access Montagu Murray, J C Pauw 2 03 06 10.64449/9781997468554-01 13 41 29 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Planetary well-being as development goal in the Anthropocene 1 A01 21 0000-0001-5296-9209 Montagu Murray Montagu Murray 40 00g0p6g84 University of Pretoria 01 eng 02 00 The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, which sets out 17 goals with a comprehensive vision for sustainable development globally, was adopted by all the countries in the United Nations in 2015. The 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) build upon, but are also an improvement on, the eigh 03 00 The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, which sets out 17 goals with a comprehensive vision for sustainable development globally, was adopted by all the countries in the United Nations in 2015. The 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) build upon, but are also an improvement on, the eight Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) adopted by UN member states in September 2000. In this chapter, it will be argued that our evolving understanding of the implications of living in the time of the Anthropocene calls for Planetary Well-being Goals (PWGs) that build upon, but can also improve, the SDGs. Planetary well-being can be defined as the highest attainable standard of well-being for human and living non-human beings within the integrated Earth system. The meaning of this concept will be explored, drawing on disciplines such as Philosophy, Development Studies, Quality of Life Studies, Sociology, Geology, and Theology. The analysis is further informed by personal experiences in development work and quality-of-life impact assessments. The chapter concludes with a list of possible PWGs and some of the most pertinent complexities to navigate going forward. 30 00 The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, which sets out 17 goals with a comprehensive vision for sustainable development globally, was adopted by all the countries in the United Nations in 2015. The 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) build upon, but are also an improvement on, the eight Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) adopted by UN member states in September 2000. In this chapter, it will be argued that our evolving understanding of the implications of living in the time of the Anthropocene calls for Planetary Well-being Goals (PWGs) that build upon, but can also improve, the SDGs. Planetary well-being can be defined as the highest attainable standard of well-being for human and living non-human beings within the integrated Earth system. The meaning of this concept will be explored, drawing on disciplines such as Philosophy, Development Studies, Quality of Life Studies, Sociology, Geology, and Theology. The analysis is further informed by personal experiences in development work and quality-of-life impact assessments. The chapter concludes with a list of possible PWGs and some of the most pertinent complexities to navigate going forward. 20 00 Open Access Montagu Murray 3 03 06 10.64449/9781997468554-02 43 64 22 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 The battle of faith and technology in the Anthropocene: Climate alarmism versus eco-modernism - between rupture and next step 1 A01 Sytse Strijbos Sytse Strijbos 01 eng 02 00 Many people today are seriously concerned with global warming because of human actions and, consequently, the liveability of our planet for future generations. In the societal debate, two directly opposing camps face one another in a contest around faith and technology in the Anthropocene. 03 00 Many people today are seriously concerned with global warming because of human actions and, consequently, the liveability of our planet for future generations. In the societal debate, two directly opposing camps face one another in a contest around faith and technology in the Anthropocene. This chapter offers a critical analysis of both by discussing the ideas of two of its prominent exponents, namely Clive Hamilton (for the climate alarmists) and Braden Allenby (for the eco-modernists). The key point of the analysis is that these parties are inescapably caught in a conflict which cannot hope for a resolution. This is because they are rooted in modernity, which disconnects Earth from its relationship with Heaven and the Creator of Heaven and Earth. 30 00 Many people today are seriously concerned with global warming because of human actions and, consequently, the liveability of our planet for future generations. In the societal debate, two directly opposing camps face one another in a contest around faith and technology in the Anthropocene. This chapter offers a critical analysis of both by discussing the ideas of two of its prominent exponents, namely Clive Hamilton (for the climate alarmists) and Braden Allenby (for the eco-modernists). The key point of the analysis is that these parties are inescapably caught in a conflict which cannot hope for a resolution. This is because they are rooted in modernity, which disconnects Earth from its relationship with Heaven and the Creator of Heaven and Earth. 20 00 Open Access Sytse Strijbos 4 03 06 10.64449/9781997468554-03 67 115 49 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 An approach to identifying reasonable health-oriented air quality interventions in a data-constrained context 1 A01 Christiaan J. Pauw Christiaan J. Pauw 40 00g0p6g84 University of Pretoria 2 A01 21 0000-0001-5464-7158 Bianca Wernecke Bianca Wernecke 3 A01 21 0000-0001-9864-4581 Rirhandzu Novela Rirhandzu Novela 4 A01 21 0009-0001-9735-2250 Hendrik. J. Smith Hendrik. J. Smith 01 eng 02 00 Decreasing industrial emissions receives significant attention and funding. Non-industrial sources from within residential areas are relatively neglected, despite potentially having a higher impact on human health. Implementing evidence-based air quality interventions to improve health in low-income households is a compl 03 00 Decreasing industrial emissions receives significant attention and funding. Non-industrial sources from within residential areas are relatively neglected, despite potentially having a higher impact on human health. Implementing evidence-based air quality interventions to improve health in low-income households is a complex endeavour. This is especially true when targeting local, non-industrial sources. Complexity is apparent in (i) measuring air quality, (ii) quantifying source-specific exposure, (iii) establishing exposure-response, (iv) identifying and prioritising key micro-environments and meso-airsheds that are amenable to intervention, (v) developing and selecting interventions within the reality of low-income households and settlements, and (vi) measuring intervention success in a dynamic context. Some sources have not been researched in depth from the perspectives of air quality and health. This includes sources that are prevalent in low-income settings but not in high-income countries. A lack of high confidence results from air quality and health research about such sources hampers decision-making regarding some intra-community interventions in low-income settings. To make progress with improving health through air quality interventions, we propose (i) considerations regarding the selection of pollutants to target, (ii) considerations regarding exposure reduction, (iii) proceeding with sufficiently positive interventions where sufficient knowledge is available, (iv) an evidence-based1method for intervention development and selection in particular communities or subgroups of households, (v) an appropriate approach to air quality impact evaluation in dynamic environments, (vi) actively avoiding zero-impact interventions, (vii) targeted research regarding specific topics, (viii) respecting the intended beneficiary, (ix) considering the impact of green policies that potentially increase pollutant exposure suffered by members of low-income households by increasing energy cost, and (x) clarifying ambient air. 30 00 Decreasing industrial emissions receives significant attention and funding. Non-industrial sources from within residential areas are relatively neglected, despite potentially having a higher impact on human health. Implementing evidence-based air quality interventions to improve health in low-income households is a complex endeavour. This is especially true when targeting local, non-industrial sources. Complexity is apparent in (i) measuring air quality, (ii) quantifying source-specific exposure, (iii) establishing exposure-response, (iv) identifying and prioritising key micro-environments and meso-airsheds that are amenable to intervention, (v) developing and selecting interventions within the reality of low-income households and settlements, and (vi) measuring intervention success in a dynamic context. Some sources have not been researched in depth from the perspectives of air quality and health. This includes sources that are prevalent in low-income settings but not in high-income countries. A lack of high confidence results from air quality and health research about such sources hampers decision-making regarding some intra-community interventions in low-income settings. To make progress with improving health through air quality interventions, we propose (i) considerations regarding the selection of pollutants to target, (ii) considerations regarding exposure reduction, (iii) proceeding with sufficiently positive interventions where sufficient knowledge is available, (iv) an evidence-based1method for intervention development and selection in particular communities or subgroups of households, (v) an appropriate approach to air quality impact evaluation in dynamic environments, (vi) actively avoiding zero-impact interventions, (vii) targeted research regarding specific topics, (viii) respecting the intended beneficiary, (ix) considering the impact of green policies that potentially increase pollutant exposure suffered by members of low-income households by increasing energy cost, and (x) clarifying ambient air. 20 00 Open Access Hendrik. J. Smith, Rirhandzu Novela, Bianca Wernecke, Christiaan J. Pauw 5 03 06 10.64449/9781997468554-04 117 150 35 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Sustainable energy interventions in low-income households in the Anthropocene: Case studies of the uptake of cleaner energy 1 A01 21 0000-0003-0936-2051 Kristy Langerman Kristy Langerman 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 2 A01 21 0009-0000-5228-7769 Tertius Murray Tertius Murray 3 A01 Mbally Mdluli Mbally Mdluli 4 A01 21 0009-0006-4907-3210 Liam Swanepoel Liam Swanepoel 5 A01 21 0000-0002-1546-1024 Christiaan J Pauw Christiaan Pauw 01 eng 02 00 As global efforts to transition to renewable energy intensify, there is a real risk that households in the Global South, particularly sub-Saharan Africa, will be left behind. The use of dirty fuels can be time-consuming, especially for households that collect wood, and has negative implications for the 03 00 As global efforts to transition to renewable energy intensify, there is a real risk that households in the Global South, particularly sub-Saharan Africa, will be left behind. The use of dirty fuels can be time-consuming, especially for households that collect wood, and has negative implications for the health and safety of household members. Programmes promoting clean energy use in households typically substitute a dirty fuel or appliance with a cleaner alternative, such as a clean-burning stove. Sustainable energy use can also be approached considering the trade-offs that need to be made between energy security, affordability, and environmental sustainability. However, projects designed using these approaches, such as clean cooking stove roll-outs, have typically achieved poor rates of adoption and sustained use. In this chapter, we argue that sustainable household energy interventions are those based on user requirements, designed to meet energy service needs and impact favourably on a household’s ability to meet its fundamental needs. We analyse the approach that the Nova Institute has used to design clean household fuel interventions that have achieved remarkably high success rates in several towns in South Africa. Methods employed in developing interventions for communities in the Platinum Belt in the North West and Limpopo provinces of South Africa are examined. We find that essential elements informing the design of successful interventions are increasing the scale of implementation as knowledge and control increase through a rational project life cycle, a comprehensive understanding of household fuel stacking practices to provide energy applications, and an assessment of the impacts of interventions on the overall quality of life. 30 00 As global efforts to transition to renewable energy intensify, there is a real risk that households in the Global South, particularly sub-Saharan Africa, will be left behind. The use of dirty fuels can be time-consuming, especially for households that collect wood, and has negative implications for the health and safety of household members. Programmes promoting clean energy use in households typically substitute a dirty fuel or appliance with a cleaner alternative, such as a clean-burning stove. Sustainable energy use can also be approached considering the trade-offs that need to be made between energy security, affordability, and environmental sustainability. However, projects designed using these approaches, such as clean cooking stove roll-outs, have typically achieved poor rates of adoption and sustained use. In this chapter, we argue that sustainable household energy interventions are those based on user requirements, designed to meet energy service needs and impact favourably on a household’s ability to meet its fundamental needs. We analyse the approach that the Nova Institute has used to design clean household fuel interventions that have achieved remarkably high success rates in several towns in South Africa. Methods employed in developing interventions for communities in the Platinum Belt in the North West and Limpopo provinces of South Africa are examined. We find that essential elements informing the design of successful interventions are increasing the scale of implementation as knowledge and control increase through a rational project life cycle, a comprehensive understanding of household fuel stacking practices to provide energy applications, and an assessment of the impacts of interventions on the overall quality of life. 20 00 Open Access Liam Swanepoel, Mbally Mdluli, Tertius Murray, Kristy Langerman, Christiaan J. Pauw 6 03 06 10.64449/9781997468554-05 151 188 Unspecified 02 https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/view/323/1374/6287 Chapter 01 01 No time to waste: Lessons learned from waste management in the absence of public services 1 A01 21 0000-0001-5299-5335 Catherina Schenck Catherina Schenck 40 00h2vm590 University of the Western Cape 2 A01 21 0000-0003-2489-8479 Antoinette van der Merwe Antoinette van der Merwe 40 00g0p6g84 University of Pretoria 3 A01 21 0000-0001-9329-1684 Pierre Reyneke Pierre Reyneke 01 eng 20 00 Open Access Pierre Reyneke, Antoinette van der Merwe, Catherina Schenck 7 03 06 10.64449/9781997468554-06 189 223 35 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Knowledge is power The danger of knowledge in the search for sanitation solutions with African communities 1 A01 Attie van Niekerk Attie van Niekerk 40 00g0p6g84 University of Pretoria 2 A01 21 0000-0002-2079-5539 Betsie le Roux Betsie le Roux 3 A01 21 0000-0003-2489-8479 Antoinette van der Merwe Antoinette van der Merwe 40 00g0p6g84 University of Pretoria 01 eng 02 00 People in low-income communities in South Africa generally suffer from inadequate sanitation. This causes numerous health and safety risks, especially to women and children who are most vulnerable. In this chapter, the authors reflect on the way that we are preparing ourselves for a process to develop decentralised, non-sewered sa 03 00 People in low-income communities in South Africa generally suffer from inadequate sanitation. This causes numerous health and safety risks, especially to women and children who are most vulnerable. In this chapter, the authors reflect on the way that we are preparing ourselves for a process to develop decentralised, non-sewered sanitation practices together with residents in rural and peri-urban communities, who often have different cultural and religious thought patterns than the experts who present technical solutions to them. In our experience, when people from a modern Western context implement solutions in the African context, the solutions are often incompatible with the new context. We used the concepts of lifeworld, sense of place and consciousness to better understand the relationship between people, their environment, and the technologies that they use. We present two case studies to illustrate how such philosophical theories can be applied. We keep in mind that knowledge is power. A better understanding of knowledge transfer and how it can undermine the co-creation process is considered an important step in preparing for co-designing solutions with end users. 30 00 People in low-income communities in South Africa generally suffer from inadequate sanitation. This causes numerous health and safety risks, especially to women and children who are most vulnerable. In this chapter, the authors reflect on the way that we are preparing ourselves for a process to develop decentralised, non-sewered sanitation practices together with residents in rural and peri-urban communities, who often have different cultural and religious thought patterns than the experts who present technical solutions to them. In our experience, when people from a modern Western context implement solutions in the African context, the solutions are often incompatible with the new context. We used the concepts of lifeworld, sense of place and consciousness to better understand the relationship between people, their environment, and the technologies that they use. We present two case studies to illustrate how such philosophical theories can be applied. We keep in mind that knowledge is power. A better understanding of knowledge transfer and how it can undermine the co-creation process is considered an important step in preparing for co-designing solutions with end users. 20 00 Open Access Attie van Niekerk, Betsie le Roux, Antoinette van der Merwe 8 03 06 10.64449/9781997468554-07 225 260 36 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Flourishing Early Childhood Development through empowering families: The contribution of the CHICS Programme to parental agency and family-ECD dynamics 1 A01 21 0000-0002-4506-437X Nicolette V Roman Nicolette V Roman 40 00h2vm590 University of the Western Cape 2 A01 21 0000-0003-2489-8479 Antoinette van der Merwe Antoinette van der Merwe 40 00g0p6g84 University of Pretoria 3 A01 21 0009-0003-6311-7951 Catherine Senyolo Catherine Senyolo 01 eng 02 00 Early infancy is vital for development and growth, with long-term effects. Many children struggle in the early years and may not receive sufficient support to engage in developmental activities throughout these crucial years. Families must be equipped and reinforced to enhance the development of their children. Si 03 00 Early infancy is vital for development and growth, with long-term effects. Many children struggle in the early years and may not receive sufficient support to engage in developmental activities throughout these crucial years. Families must be equipped and reinforced to enhance the development of their children. Significant advantages may come from family-centred programmes enhancing parental agency and family dynamics for early childhood development (ECD). This qualitative study explored the growth and contribution of the Community Household Interface Care and Support (CHICS) programme of the Nova Institute. This qualitative study was implemented through a document review and analysis by examining documents covering 2010 to 2023. Important findings illustrate how CHICS developed from a community-based franchise model to an ECD centre-based model, thereby enhancing economics and sustainability. The programme curriculum’s core strengths - parental agency, family-ECD centre collaboration, and whole child development - turned out to be its essence. CHICS provided better interactions between parents and ECD professionals, increased parental engagement in children’s schooling, and supported parent networks. Furthermore, the CHICS programme encourages family-ECD centre cooperation so that parents may participate in the development of their children. By changing family dynamics and parent agency at the micro level, community-based interventions such as the CHICS programme may help ECD systemically. This emphasises the importance of policy and financial tools to increase empowerment-based family interventions to foster early childhood flourishing, particularly amongst disadvantaged groups. 30 00 Early infancy is vital for development and growth, with long-term effects. Many children struggle in the early years and may not receive sufficient support to engage in developmental activities throughout these crucial years. Families must be equipped and reinforced to enhance the development of their children. Significant advantages may come from family-centred programmes enhancing parental agency and family dynamics for early childhood development (ECD). This qualitative study explored the growth and contribution of the Community Household Interface Care and Support (CHICS) programme of the Nova Institute. This qualitative study was implemented through a document review and analysis by examining documents covering 2010 to 2023. Important findings illustrate how CHICS developed from a community-based franchise model to an ECD centre-based model, thereby enhancing economics and sustainability. The programme curriculum’s core strengths - parental agency, family-ECD centre collaboration, and whole child development - turned out to be its essence. CHICS provided better interactions between parents and ECD professionals, increased parental engagement in children’s schooling, and supported parent networks. Furthermore, the CHICS programme encourages family-ECD centre cooperation so that parents may participate in the development of their children. By changing family dynamics and parent agency at the micro level, community-based interventions such as the CHICS programme may help ECD systemically. This emphasises the importance of policy and financial tools to increase empowerment-based family interventions to foster early childhood flourishing, particularly amongst disadvantaged groups. 20 00 Open Access Catherine Senyolo, Nicolette V Roman, Antoinette van der Merwe 9 03 06 10.64449/9781997468554-08 263 299 37 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 The tough task of enhancing the capabilities of low-income households to benefit from the Fourth Industrial Revolution 1 A01 Christiaan J. Pauw Christiaan J. Pauw 40 00g0p6g84 University of Pretoria 01 eng 02 00 The introduction of a series of advanced technologies, collectively referred to as the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR), has already altered traditional production and consumption patterns and is likely to continue doing so in future. South Africa faces a primary education crisis, as well as high rates 03 00 The introduction of a series of advanced technologies, collectively referred to as the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR), has already altered traditional production and consumption patterns and is likely to continue doing so in future. South Africa faces a primary education crisis, as well as high rates of poverty and unemployment. Given the existing limitations and inequalities, it is unclear whether the 4IR will benefit all members of society equally or at all. This chapter aims to investigate the potential of the 4IR to enhance the quality of life of low-income households in South Africa. We will conduct our investigation by considering the relevance of 4IR technologies for the household, using the 25 elements of the household identified in Nova’s QOLA1 instrument. We will investigate whether there are ways in which low-income households can benefit from the transformations brought about by the 4IR or if there are specific barriers that need to be removed for low-income households to benefit. Given that the interface between low-income households and 4IR technologies is an emerging phenomenon and that the data is sourced from case studies, this chapter will identify key questions and themes for further research rather than offer firm recommendations for action. 30 00 The introduction of a series of advanced technologies, collectively referred to as the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR), has already altered traditional production and consumption patterns and is likely to continue doing so in future. South Africa faces a primary education crisis, as well as high rates of poverty and unemployment. Given the existing limitations and inequalities, it is unclear whether the 4IR will benefit all members of society equally or at all. This chapter aims to investigate the potential of the 4IR to enhance the quality of life of low-income households in South Africa. We will conduct our investigation by considering the relevance of 4IR technologies for the household, using the 25 elements of the household identified in Nova’s QOLA1 instrument. We will investigate whether there are ways in which low-income households can benefit from the transformations brought about by the 4IR or if there are specific barriers that need to be removed for low-income households to benefit. Given that the interface between low-income households and 4IR technologies is an emerging phenomenon and that the data is sourced from case studies, this chapter will identify key questions and themes for further research rather than offer firm recommendations for action. 20 00 Open Access Christiaan J. Pauw 10 03 06 10.64449/9781997468554-09 301 333 34 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 From consultation to collaboration: A comparative analysis of public participation in low-income communities 1 A01 21 0000-0002-8189-0695 Niké S. Wesch Niké S. Wesch 40 010f1sq29 North-West University 2 A01 21 0000-0001-8621-5130 Selna Cornelius Selna Cornelius 40 010f1sq29 North-West University 3 A01 21 0000-0001-8475-4245 Jako Viviers Jako Viviers 40 010f1sq29 North-West University 01 eng 02 00 Addressing complex societal challenges, or “wicked problems”, demands innovative approaches that embrace the messy and complex nature of decision-making processes. There is an increasing emphasis on including all stakeholders’ diverse interests, values, and preferences in these problem-solving processes, especia 03 00 Addressing complex societal challenges, or “wicked problems”, demands innovative approaches that embrace the messy and complex nature of decision-making processes. There is an increasing emphasis on including all stakeholders’ diverse interests, values, and preferences in these problem-solving processes, especially those of the voiceless within Global South low-income communities. This chapter explores the shift in public participation from traditional consultation models to more collaborative approaches in addressing “wicked problems” within low-income communities.1 The study employs a comparative analysis of two case studies using a SWOT analysis, intending to compare the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats posed by varying levels of public participation. The first case primarily involves consultation with the community about an intervention, while the second focuses on collaboration through co-creating the intervention with the community. By illuminating the dynamics between traditional public participation consultation processes and collaborative, community-driven approaches, this research contributes insights to the discourse on effective decision-making strategies and empowering communities through participatory engagement. 30 00 Addressing complex societal challenges, or “wicked problems”, demands innovative approaches that embrace the messy and complex nature of decision-making processes. There is an increasing emphasis on including all stakeholders’ diverse interests, values, and preferences in these problem-solving processes, especially those of the voiceless within Global South low-income communities. This chapter explores the shift in public participation from traditional consultation models to more collaborative approaches in addressing “wicked problems” within low-income communities.1 The study employs a comparative analysis of two case studies using a SWOT analysis, intending to compare the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats posed by varying levels of public participation. The first case primarily involves consultation with the community about an intervention, while the second focuses on collaboration through co-creating the intervention with the community. By illuminating the dynamics between traditional public participation consultation processes and collaborative, community-driven approaches, this research contributes insights to the discourse on effective decision-making strategies and empowering communities through participatory engagement. 20 00 Open Access Jako Viviers, Selna Cornelius, Niké S. Wesch 11 03 06 10.64449/9781997468554-10 335 389 55 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 The role of scientific evidence in public policymaking for the bio-physical environment where South Africans live 1 A01 21 0000-0001-6900-688X J C Pauw J C Pauw 40 009xwd568 University of the Free State 2 A01 21 0000-0002-6889-0631 Phathutshedzo Mukwevhu Phathutshedzo Mukwevhu 40 010f1sq29 North-West University 3 A01 21 0000-0002-6290-6129 Claudine Roos Claudine Roos 40 010f1sq29 North-West University 4 A01 21 0000-0003-4848-5871 Jurie Moolman Jurie Moolman 40 010f1sq29 North-West University 01 eng 02 00 We explore the role of evidence in policymaking in ambient air, waste, and water against the background of the main pieces of legislation covering these areas. Evidence is defined narrowly as corroborated results of properly conducted scientific research and data sourced from scientific technology, as well as science-based advi 03 00 We explore the role of evidence in policymaking in ambient air, waste, and water against the background of the main pieces of legislation covering these areas. Evidence is defined narrowly as corroborated results of properly conducted scientific research and data sourced from scientific technology, as well as science-based advice by experts. Policy in the areas that we investigated is articulated on several levels, subject to Section 24 of the Constitution: white papers (white papers on the environment and sector-specific white papers), Acts, strategies and frameworks, regulations, and finally norms and standards. This set of policies embodies a conceptual hierarchy but also a historical sequence. We found that the role of evidence as defined grew with time, but also as attention moved from concepts to the physical environment. Interesting aspects that surfaced were the role of consultants and the degree to which policy was based on imported or local research. 30 00 We explore the role of evidence in policymaking in ambient air, waste, and water against the background of the main pieces of legislation covering these areas. Evidence is defined narrowly as corroborated results of properly conducted scientific research and data sourced from scientific technology, as well as science-based advice by experts. Policy in the areas that we investigated is articulated on several levels, subject to Section 24 of the Constitution: white papers (white papers on the environment and sector-specific white papers), Acts, strategies and frameworks, regulations, and finally norms and standards. This set of policies embodies a conceptual hierarchy but also a historical sequence. We found that the role of evidence as defined grew with time, but also as attention moved from concepts to the physical environment. Interesting aspects that surfaced were the role of consultants and the degree to which policy was based on imported or local research. 20 00 Open Access Jurie Moolman, Claudine Roos, Phathutshedzo Mukwevhu, J C Pauw 12 03 06 10.64449/9781997468554-11 391 435 45 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 A case study of deteriorating services in two South African townships and possible implications for spatial justice for cities in the Anthropocene 1 A01 21 0000-0002-0537-4373 Caroline Newton Caroline Newton 40 02e2c7k09 Technische Universiteit Delft 2 A01 21 0000-0001-6888-3362 Juliana E. Goncalves Juliana E. Goncalves 40 02e2c7k09 Technische Universiteit Delft 3 A01 21 0000-0001-5296-9209 Montagu Murray Montagu Murray 4 A01 21 0000-0002-0331-7295 Roberto Rocco Roberto Rocco 40 02e2c7k09 Technische Universiteit Delft 01 eng 02 00 This chapter explores the implications for spatial justice in the Urban Anthropocene of the deteriorating services in two South African townships, eMbalenhle and Lebohang, in the Mpumalanga province of South Africa. Utilising data from Nova’s Re-baseline Services Report, literature, and government policies, the 03 00 This chapter explores the implications for spatial justice in the Urban Anthropocene of the deteriorating services in two South African townships, eMbalenhle and Lebohang, in the Mpumalanga province of South Africa. Utilising data from Nova’s Re-baseline Services Report, literature, and government policies, the chapter investigates how service distribution disparities and the recognition of diverse community needs and identities intersect to shape spatial injustices in urban environments. The findings reveal significant inequities in access to services, highlighting challenges in access to water, electricity, waste disposal, and housing. The analysis emphasises the need for inclusive and equitable urban planning and policymaking that acknowledges and addresses the unique challenges of different groups, particularly in the context of rapid and informal urbanisation. This study contributes to the discourse on urbanisation in Africa, offering insights into the complexities of achieving spatial justice in the Anthropocene era. 30 00 This chapter explores the implications for spatial justice in the Urban Anthropocene of the deteriorating services in two South African townships, eMbalenhle and Lebohang, in the Mpumalanga province of South Africa. Utilising data from Nova’s Re-baseline Services Report, literature, and government policies, the chapter investigates how service distribution disparities and the recognition of diverse community needs and identities intersect to shape spatial injustices in urban environments. The findings reveal significant inequities in access to services, highlighting challenges in access to water, electricity, waste disposal, and housing. The analysis emphasises the need for inclusive and equitable urban planning and policymaking that acknowledges and addresses the unique challenges of different groups, particularly in the context of rapid and informal urbanisation. This study contributes to the discourse on urbanisation in Africa, offering insights into the complexities of achieving spatial justice in the Anthropocene era. 20 00 Open Access Roberto Rocco, Juliana Gonçalves, Caroline Newton, Montagu Murray 13 03 06 10.64449/9781997468554-12 437 473 37 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Case studies in the quality-oflife assessment of cleaner energy interventions through ‘narratives of impact’ 2 A01 21 0000-0001-5296-9209 Montagu Murray Montagu Murray 4 A01 21 0000-0003-1463-1914 Valerie Møller Valerie Møller 40 016sewp10 Rhodes University 01 eng 02 00 In air quality programmes, interventions must be found to reduce air pollution from local sources of emissions in low-income contexts1. These sources include the burning of domestic fuels such as coal, wood, and paraffin, as well as the burning of domestic waste and vehicle-entrained road dust. 03 00 In air quality programmes, interventions must be found to reduce air pollution from local sources of emissions in low-income contexts1. These sources include the burning of domestic fuels such as coal, wood, and paraffin, as well as the burning of domestic waste and vehicle-entrained road dust. Households use domestic fuels that cause harmful emissions: either as primary energy carriers or as stacking fuels for utilities such as cooking, space heating, and heating water for bathing and cleaning. When alternative cleaner energy options are introduced to households, it is crucial that these alternatives improve the quality of life of end users and do not introduce unforeseen negative side effects. Nova investigates the feasibility of interventions or intervention combinations before proceeding to larger-scale implementation. 30 00 In air quality programmes, interventions must be found to reduce air pollution from local sources of emissions in low-income contexts1. These sources include the burning of domestic fuels such as coal, wood, and paraffin, as well as the burning of domestic waste and vehicle-entrained road dust. Households use domestic fuels that cause harmful emissions: either as primary energy carriers or as stacking fuels for utilities such as cooking, space heating, and heating water for bathing and cleaning. When alternative cleaner energy options are introduced to households, it is crucial that these alternatives improve the quality of life of end users and do not introduce unforeseen negative side effects. Nova investigates the feasibility of interventions or intervention combinations before proceeding to larger-scale implementation. 20 00 Open Access Valerie Møller, Montagu Murray 14 03 06 10.64449/9781997468554-13 477 492 16 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Involvement with a Not-For- Profit Company: An Insight from a Mission Worker 1 A01 21 0000-0001-5709-0850 Kasebwe Timothee Luc Kabongo Kasebwe Kabongo 40 00g0p6g84 University of Pretoria 01 eng 02 00 This chapter is an autoethnographic reflection of the author, a mission worker under an organisation called InnerCHANGE, and involved with a not-for-profit organisation called Nova. Nova’s goal is to be a centre of excellence in the development and implementation of products and services that improve the 03 00 This chapter is an autoethnographic reflection of the author, a mission worker under an organisation called InnerCHANGE, and involved with a not-for-profit organisation called Nova. Nova’s goal is to be a centre of excellence in the development and implementation of products and services that improve the quality of life of low-income households and to take the solution to scale in Southern Africa with households and networks. The author is a mission worker serving incarnationally in a community of poverty in South Africa. His goal is to communicate the good news of the gospel in tangible and transformational ways. He is therefore constantly on the lookout for new strategies and new skills to achieve his goal. He sees his efforts as an attempt to be a good news agent in society. He lives in a local community where the presence of Christian churches of various denominations is prominent and visible. Yet, this is a local community where residents long for love in action to be demonstrated by the church and other institutions. This research asks: How can the church remain teachable about what it means to be good news to the world around it? The author uses the book of the Bible, Jeremiah 29:7, as an interpretive framework to reflect on his experiences of learning from Nova and how he could contribute to the improvement of Nova’s output in its aim to improve the quality of households located in communities of poverty. He discovered that Nova’s vision of healthy household culture has challenged InnerCHANGE to seek to minister to an entire household, not an individual alone. He has also discovered that pursuing a good quality of life through practical ministry is a valid form of evangelism. He has learned to entertain partnerships with various organisations that believe in making a difference in ordinary people’s everyday lives. He is finally learning to be involved in various communities of poverty so that everyday lives can be transformed positively. The chapter concludes that a healthy partnership between Nova and InnerCHANGE South Africa could be mutually beneficial. Nova could improve its ability to involve residents of communities of poverty where it is working in their participation in solution-seeking. InnerCHANGE South Africa could strengthen its incarnational approach through tangible projects that improve the quality of life of ordinary people. 30 00 This chapter is an autoethnographic reflection of the author, a mission worker under an organisation called InnerCHANGE, and involved with a not-for-profit organisation called Nova. Nova’s goal is to be a centre of excellence in the development and implementation of products and services that improve the quality of life of low-income households and to take the solution to scale in Southern Africa with households and networks. The author is a mission worker serving incarnationally in a community of poverty in South Africa. His goal is to communicate the good news of the gospel in tangible and transformational ways. He is therefore constantly on the lookout for new strategies and new skills to achieve his goal. He sees his efforts as an attempt to be a good news agent in society. He lives in a local community where the presence of Christian churches of various denominations is prominent and visible. Yet, this is a local community where residents long for love in action to be demonstrated by the church and other institutions. This research asks: How can the church remain teachable about what it means to be good news to the world around it? The author uses the book of the Bible, Jeremiah 29:7, as an interpretive framework to reflect on his experiences of learning from Nova and how he could contribute to the improvement of Nova’s output in its aim to improve the quality of households located in communities of poverty. He discovered that Nova’s vision of healthy household culture has challenged InnerCHANGE to seek to minister to an entire household, not an individual alone. He has also discovered that pursuing a good quality of life through practical ministry is a valid form of evangelism. He has learned to entertain partnerships with various organisations that believe in making a difference in ordinary people’s everyday lives. He is finally learning to be involved in various communities of poverty so that everyday lives can be transformed positively. The chapter concludes that a healthy partnership between Nova and InnerCHANGE South Africa could be mutually beneficial. Nova could improve its ability to involve residents of communities of poverty where it is working in their participation in solution-seeking. InnerCHANGE South Africa could strengthen its incarnational approach through tangible projects that improve the quality of life of ordinary people. 20 00 Open Access Kasebwe Timothee Luc Kabongo 15 03 06 10.64449/9781997468554-14 493 523 31 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Sceptical environmentalism 1 A01 21 0000-0002-1546-1024 Christiaan J Pauw Christiaan Pauw 40 00g0p6g84 University of Pretoria 01 eng 02 00 Using an autoethnographic approach, the author examines the evolution of his scepticism towards the environmental movement, influenced by personal experiences and reflection. Key themes include the challenges of integrating faith and critical thinking, the practical implementation of air quality initiati 03 00 Using an autoethnographic approach, the author examines the evolution of his scepticism towards the environmental movement, influenced by personal experiences and reflection. Key themes include the challenges of integrating faith and critical thinking, the practical implementation of air quality initiatives, the critique of environmental activism, and the potential of blockchain technology for environmental impact accounting. The narrative highlights the complexity of integrating environmental protection and human development goals, advocating for freedom of speech and evidence-based approaches. 30 00 Using an autoethnographic approach, the author examines the evolution of his scepticism towards the environmental movement, influenced by personal experiences and reflection. Key themes include the challenges of integrating faith and critical thinking, the practical implementation of air quality initiatives, the critique of environmental activism, and the potential of blockchain technology for environmental impact accounting. The narrative highlights the complexity of integrating environmental protection and human development goals, advocating for freedom of speech and evidence-based approaches. 20 00 Open Access Christiaan J. Pauw 16 03 06 10.64449/9781997468554-15 527 532 6 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Drawing the strings together 1 A01 21 0000-0001-6900-688X J C Pauw J C Pauw 40 009xwd568 University of the Free State 2 A01 21 0000-0001-5296-9209 Montagu Murray Montagu Murray 40 0148zjm56 Nova Institute NPC 40 00g0p6g84 University of Pretoria 01 eng 02 00 The chapters of our book were written as separate contributions to scholarship. However, there is an underlying unity - a broad picture. This chapter aims to highlight such unity without denying noticeable differences between the respective chapters 03 00 The chapters of our book were written as separate contributions to scholarship. However, there is an underlying unity - a broad picture. This chapter aims to highlight such unity without denying noticeable differences between the respective chapters. The book aligns with the aphorism with an interesting history: Think globally, act locally (Dubos, 1998 [1969]).17 It is, in fact, an extended case study of how a not-for-profit company can think globally and act locally 30 00 The chapters of our book were written as separate contributions to scholarship. However, there is an underlying unity - a broad picture. This chapter aims to highlight such unity without denying noticeable differences between the respective chapters. The book aligns with the aphorism with an interesting history: Think globally, act locally (Dubos, 1998 [1969]).17 It is, in fact, an extended case study of how a not-for-profit company can think globally and act locally 20 00 Open Access Montagu Murray, J C Pauw UJ Press 01 URL https://ujpress.uj.ac.za 01 UJ Press 01 Publisher's website: home page https://ujpress.uj.ac.za/ 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/323 Johannesburg 04 01 20251201 Attie van Niekerk, Kasebwe Timothee Luc Kabongo, Valerie Møller, Roberto Rocco, Juliana Gonçalves, Caroline Newton, Jurie Moolman, Claudine Roos, Phathutshedzo Mukwevhu, Jako Viviers, Selna Cornelius, Niké S. Wesch, Catherine Senyolo, Nicolette V Roman, Betsie le Roux; J C Pauw; Pierre Reyneke, Antoinette van der Merwe, Catherina Schenck, Liam Swanepoel, Mbally Mdluli, Tertius Murray, Kristy Langerman, Hendrik. J. Smith, Rirhandzu Novela, Bianca Wernecke, Christiaan J. Pauw, Sytse Strijbos; Montagu Murray 02 WORLD 06 15 9781997468547 06 15 9781997468554 06 15 9781997468578 WORLD 09 UJ Press 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this product https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/323 29 Publisher's website: download the title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/view/323/1377/6298 20 08 20251201 01 urn:uuid:209e4391-f4e5-4750-9f78-cffc8f7f2666 03 01 01 thoth-work-id urn:uuid:aa5eb12a-9ffc-4209-ac9b-79a9b5a7d56f 01 thoth-publication-id urn:uuid:209e4391-f4e5-4750-9f78-cffc8f7f2666 15 9781776489312 06 10.36615/9781776489312 00 EB E107 10 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 01 01 Diaspora in the MENA Region and Beyond 2 B01 21 0009-0009-6712-4757 Aditya Anshu Aditya Anshu 40 01r3kjq03 Abu Dhabi University 3 A01 Lailla Bal’Mahdi Lailla Bal’Mahdi 4 A01 21 0000-0002-7659-3530 Shalini Mittal Shalini Mittal 40 00an5hx75 Bennett University 5 A01 Shabista Naz Shabista Naz 40 00crcaf72 American Vacuum Society 6 A01 21 0000-0002-3378-7538 Michael O. Slobodchikoff Michael O. Slobodchikoff 40 029jj9438 Troy University 7 A01 21 0000-0003-4201-5203 G. Doug Davis G. Doug Davis 40 029jj9438 Troy University 8 A01 Nilanjana Nayak Nilanjana Nayak 9 A01 21 0000-0002-2650-144X Deenaz Kanji Deenaz Kanji 40 01r3kjq03 Abu Dhabi University 10 A01 21 0000-0002-0214-8709 Duha Lababidi Duha Lababidi 40 01r3kjq03 Abu Dhabi University 11 A01 Aditi Chatterjee Aditi Chatterjee 40 01r3kjq03 Abu Dhabi University 12 A01 Pooja Kapoor Pooja Kapoor 40 00an5hx75 Bennett University 13 A01 21 0009-0005-2964-498X Sakshi Mathur Sakshi Mathur 40 00an5hx75 Bennett University 01 eng 20 Diaspora 93 JBFH 20 Politics 10 SOC007000 20 Sociology 01 06 02 00 Diaspora in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) Region and Beyond is very relevant for emerging multidisciplinary Diaspora studies. The region itself has settled or long-term international migrants; Diasporas from neighbouring regions to Diasporas from distant places; Diasporas with the same ethnic/religious/cultural identity as that of natives 03 00 Diaspora in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) Region and Beyond is very relevant for emerging multidisciplinary Diaspora studies. The region itself has settled or long-term international migrants; Diasporas from neighbouring regions to Diasporas from distant places; Diasporas with the same ethnic/religious/cultural identity as that of natives, to Diasporas having a distinct and divergent ethnic/linguistic identity. The number of these Diasporic communities and their role in economic development is substantial. Their concerns and contributions require academic and research output to understand them and their potential to serve the domestic and foreign objectives of the host countries as well as those of world community. 30 00 Diaspora in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) Region and Beyond is very relevant for emerging multidisciplinary Diaspora studies. The region itself has settled or long-term international migrants; Diasporas from neighbouring regions to Diasporas from distant places; Diasporas with the same ethnic/religious/cultural identity as that of natives, to Diasporas having a distinct and divergent ethnic/linguistic identity. The number of these Diasporic communities and their role in economic development is substantial. Their concerns and contributions require academic and research output to understand them and their potential to serve the domestic and foreign objectives of the host countries as well as those of world community. 04 00 Series Foreword Foreword Map of the Middle East Middle East Vocabulary Author Biographies Chapter 1: Introduction: Exploring the Diaspora in the MENA Region: A Multifaceted Journey Chapter 2: Navigating Identities: From Diaspora to Global Perceptions Chapter 3: Reimagining Gender and Migration in North Africa: New Methodologies and Insights Chapter 4: Navigating Lives: The Impact of Men’s Gulf Migration on “Left-Behind” Women in India’s Changing Landscape Chapter 5: Diaspora Diplomacy: Conflict Resolution through Informal Ties Chapter 6: Diaspora Bonds in the MENA Region: A Financial Insight Chapter 7: Construction of Migrant Identity in the MENA Region: A Case Study of the United Arab Emirates Chapter 8: The UAE’s Soft Power Strategy of Tolerance: A Peaceful Amalgamation of Multiple Diasporas Chapter 9: Multicultural Approach of Indian Diaspora in the UAE: Examining Diaspora, Identity and Media Chapter 10: Roots of Identity: Unpacking Memories in Indian and Pakistani Diasporas in the UAE Chapter 11: The Price of Care: Sociality and Intermediary Networks of Kerala Migrant Care Workers in Israel Chapter 12: The Dynamic Role of the Indian Diaspora in Shaping India’s Relationship with the Middle East Chapter 13: Indian Cinema: Indian Diaspora’s Culture Export to the Middle East Chapter 14: Kurdish Diaspora’s Diverging Political Aspirations in the MENA Region 20 00 Open Access 01 00 03 02 https://books.ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/10.36615/9781776489312_frontcover.jpg UJ Press 01 URL https://ujpress.uj.ac.za 01 UJ Press 01 Publisher's website: home page https://ujpress.uj.ac.za/ 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/188 Johannesburg 04 01 20240718 Aditya Anshu; Lailla Bal’Mahdi, Shalini Mittal, Shabista Naz, Michael O. Slobodchikoff, G. Doug Davis, Nilanjana Nayak, Deenaz Kanji, Duha Lababidi, Aditi Chatterjee, Pooja Kapoor, Sakshi Mathur, Shalini Mittal, Sharon Susan Koshy, Alik Naha, Brahmneet Kaur Narula, Arushi Singh 02 WORLD 06 15 9781776489336 06 15 9781776489329 WORLD 11 OAPEN 36 OAPEN: webpage for this product https://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/93668 29 OAPEN: download the title https://library.oapen.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.12657/93668/9781776489312.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y 20 08 20240718 01 11 INTERNET_ARCHIVE 36 INTERNET_ARCHIVE: webpage for this product https://archive.org/details/aa5eb12a-9ffc-4209-ac9b-79a9b5a7d56f 29 INTERNET_ARCHIVE: download the title https://archive.org/download/aa5eb12a-9ffc-4209-ac9b-79a9b5a7d56f/aa5eb12a-9ffc-4209-ac9b-79a9b5a7d56f.pdf 20 08 20240718 01 09 UJ Press 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this product https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/188 29 Publisher's website: download the title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/download/188/778/3146?inline=1 20 08 20240718 01 urn:uuid:44336aad-8c8f-4915-98ec-f2666eeab36e 03 01 01 thoth-work-id urn:uuid:aa5eb12a-9ffc-4209-ac9b-79a9b5a7d56f 01 thoth-publication-id urn:uuid:44336aad-8c8f-4915-98ec-f2666eeab36e 15 9781776489336 06 10.36615/9781776489312 00 EB E113 10 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 01 01 Diaspora in the MENA Region and Beyond 2 B01 21 0009-0009-6712-4757 Aditya Anshu Aditya Anshu 40 01r3kjq03 Abu Dhabi University 3 A01 Lailla Bal’Mahdi Lailla Bal’Mahdi 4 A01 21 0000-0002-7659-3530 Shalini Mittal Shalini Mittal 40 00an5hx75 Bennett University 5 A01 Shabista Naz Shabista Naz 40 00crcaf72 American Vacuum Society 6 A01 21 0000-0002-3378-7538 Michael O. Slobodchikoff Michael O. Slobodchikoff 40 029jj9438 Troy University 7 A01 21 0000-0003-4201-5203 G. Doug Davis G. Doug Davis 40 029jj9438 Troy University 8 A01 Nilanjana Nayak Nilanjana Nayak 9 A01 21 0000-0002-2650-144X Deenaz Kanji Deenaz Kanji 40 01r3kjq03 Abu Dhabi University 10 A01 21 0000-0002-0214-8709 Duha Lababidi Duha Lababidi 40 01r3kjq03 Abu Dhabi University 11 A01 Aditi Chatterjee Aditi Chatterjee 40 01r3kjq03 Abu Dhabi University 12 A01 Pooja Kapoor Pooja Kapoor 40 00an5hx75 Bennett University 13 A01 21 0009-0005-2964-498X Sakshi Mathur Sakshi Mathur 40 00an5hx75 Bennett University 01 eng 20 Diaspora 93 JBFH 20 Politics 10 SOC007000 20 Sociology 01 06 02 00 Diaspora in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) Region and Beyond is very relevant for emerging multidisciplinary Diaspora studies. The region itself has settled or long-term international migrants; Diasporas from neighbouring regions to Diasporas from distant places; Diasporas with the same ethnic/religious/cultural identity as that of natives 03 00 Diaspora in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) Region and Beyond is very relevant for emerging multidisciplinary Diaspora studies. The region itself has settled or long-term international migrants; Diasporas from neighbouring regions to Diasporas from distant places; Diasporas with the same ethnic/religious/cultural identity as that of natives, to Diasporas having a distinct and divergent ethnic/linguistic identity. The number of these Diasporic communities and their role in economic development is substantial. Their concerns and contributions require academic and research output to understand them and their potential to serve the domestic and foreign objectives of the host countries as well as those of world community. 30 00 Diaspora in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) Region and Beyond is very relevant for emerging multidisciplinary Diaspora studies. The region itself has settled or long-term international migrants; Diasporas from neighbouring regions to Diasporas from distant places; Diasporas with the same ethnic/religious/cultural identity as that of natives, to Diasporas having a distinct and divergent ethnic/linguistic identity. The number of these Diasporic communities and their role in economic development is substantial. Their concerns and contributions require academic and research output to understand them and their potential to serve the domestic and foreign objectives of the host countries as well as those of world community. 04 00 Series Foreword Foreword Map of the Middle East Middle East Vocabulary Author Biographies Chapter 1: Introduction: Exploring the Diaspora in the MENA Region: A Multifaceted Journey Chapter 2: Navigating Identities: From Diaspora to Global Perceptions Chapter 3: Reimagining Gender and Migration in North Africa: New Methodologies and Insights Chapter 4: Navigating Lives: The Impact of Men’s Gulf Migration on “Left-Behind” Women in India’s Changing Landscape Chapter 5: Diaspora Diplomacy: Conflict Resolution through Informal Ties Chapter 6: Diaspora Bonds in the MENA Region: A Financial Insight Chapter 7: Construction of Migrant Identity in the MENA Region: A Case Study of the United Arab Emirates Chapter 8: The UAE’s Soft Power Strategy of Tolerance: A Peaceful Amalgamation of Multiple Diasporas Chapter 9: Multicultural Approach of Indian Diaspora in the UAE: Examining Diaspora, Identity and Media Chapter 10: Roots of Identity: Unpacking Memories in Indian and Pakistani Diasporas in the UAE Chapter 11: The Price of Care: Sociality and Intermediary Networks of Kerala Migrant Care Workers in Israel Chapter 12: The Dynamic Role of the Indian Diaspora in Shaping India’s Relationship with the Middle East Chapter 13: Indian Cinema: Indian Diaspora’s Culture Export to the Middle East Chapter 14: Kurdish Diaspora’s Diverging Political Aspirations in the MENA Region 20 00 Open Access 01 00 03 02 https://books.ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/10.36615/9781776489312_frontcover.jpg UJ Press 01 URL https://ujpress.uj.ac.za 01 UJ Press 01 Publisher's website: home page https://ujpress.uj.ac.za/ 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/188 Johannesburg 04 01 20240718 Aditya Anshu; Lailla Bal’Mahdi, Shalini Mittal, Shabista Naz, Michael O. Slobodchikoff, G. Doug Davis, Nilanjana Nayak, Deenaz Kanji, Duha Lababidi, Aditi Chatterjee, Pooja Kapoor, Sakshi Mathur, Shalini Mittal, Sharon Susan Koshy, Alik Naha, Brahmneet Kaur Narula, Arushi Singh 02 WORLD 06 15 9781776489312 06 15 9781776489329 WORLD 09 UJ Press 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this product https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/188 20 08 20240718 01 urn:uuid:b62b4ec8-f441-4d2d-8bf6-7841b73b40d5 03 01 01 thoth-work-id urn:uuid:aa5eb12a-9ffc-4209-ac9b-79a9b5a7d56f 01 thoth-publication-id urn:uuid:b62b4ec8-f441-4d2d-8bf6-7841b73b40d5 15 9781776489329 06 10.36615/9781776489312 00 EB E101 10 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 01 01 Diaspora in the MENA Region and Beyond 2 B01 21 0009-0009-6712-4757 Aditya Anshu Aditya Anshu 40 01r3kjq03 Abu Dhabi University 3 A01 Lailla Bal’Mahdi Lailla Bal’Mahdi 4 A01 21 0000-0002-7659-3530 Shalini Mittal Shalini Mittal 40 00an5hx75 Bennett University 5 A01 Shabista Naz Shabista Naz 40 00crcaf72 American Vacuum Society 6 A01 21 0000-0002-3378-7538 Michael O. Slobodchikoff Michael O. Slobodchikoff 40 029jj9438 Troy University 7 A01 21 0000-0003-4201-5203 G. Doug Davis G. Doug Davis 40 029jj9438 Troy University 8 A01 Nilanjana Nayak Nilanjana Nayak 9 A01 21 0000-0002-2650-144X Deenaz Kanji Deenaz Kanji 40 01r3kjq03 Abu Dhabi University 10 A01 21 0000-0002-0214-8709 Duha Lababidi Duha Lababidi 40 01r3kjq03 Abu Dhabi University 11 A01 Aditi Chatterjee Aditi Chatterjee 40 01r3kjq03 Abu Dhabi University 12 A01 Pooja Kapoor Pooja Kapoor 40 00an5hx75 Bennett University 13 A01 21 0009-0005-2964-498X Sakshi Mathur Sakshi Mathur 40 00an5hx75 Bennett University 01 eng 20 Diaspora 93 JBFH 20 Politics 10 SOC007000 20 Sociology 01 06 02 00 Diaspora in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) Region and Beyond is very relevant for emerging multidisciplinary Diaspora studies. The region itself has settled or long-term international migrants; Diasporas from neighbouring regions to Diasporas from distant places; Diasporas with the same ethnic/religious/cultural identity as that of natives 03 00 Diaspora in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) Region and Beyond is very relevant for emerging multidisciplinary Diaspora studies. The region itself has settled or long-term international migrants; Diasporas from neighbouring regions to Diasporas from distant places; Diasporas with the same ethnic/religious/cultural identity as that of natives, to Diasporas having a distinct and divergent ethnic/linguistic identity. The number of these Diasporic communities and their role in economic development is substantial. Their concerns and contributions require academic and research output to understand them and their potential to serve the domestic and foreign objectives of the host countries as well as those of world community. 30 00 Diaspora in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) Region and Beyond is very relevant for emerging multidisciplinary Diaspora studies. The region itself has settled or long-term international migrants; Diasporas from neighbouring regions to Diasporas from distant places; Diasporas with the same ethnic/religious/cultural identity as that of natives, to Diasporas having a distinct and divergent ethnic/linguistic identity. The number of these Diasporic communities and their role in economic development is substantial. Their concerns and contributions require academic and research output to understand them and their potential to serve the domestic and foreign objectives of the host countries as well as those of world community. 04 00 Series Foreword Foreword Map of the Middle East Middle East Vocabulary Author Biographies Chapter 1: Introduction: Exploring the Diaspora in the MENA Region: A Multifaceted Journey Chapter 2: Navigating Identities: From Diaspora to Global Perceptions Chapter 3: Reimagining Gender and Migration in North Africa: New Methodologies and Insights Chapter 4: Navigating Lives: The Impact of Men’s Gulf Migration on “Left-Behind” Women in India’s Changing Landscape Chapter 5: Diaspora Diplomacy: Conflict Resolution through Informal Ties Chapter 6: Diaspora Bonds in the MENA Region: A Financial Insight Chapter 7: Construction of Migrant Identity in the MENA Region: A Case Study of the United Arab Emirates Chapter 8: The UAE’s Soft Power Strategy of Tolerance: A Peaceful Amalgamation of Multiple Diasporas Chapter 9: Multicultural Approach of Indian Diaspora in the UAE: Examining Diaspora, Identity and Media Chapter 10: Roots of Identity: Unpacking Memories in Indian and Pakistani Diasporas in the UAE Chapter 11: The Price of Care: Sociality and Intermediary Networks of Kerala Migrant Care Workers in Israel Chapter 12: The Dynamic Role of the Indian Diaspora in Shaping India’s Relationship with the Middle East Chapter 13: Indian Cinema: Indian Diaspora’s Culture Export to the Middle East Chapter 14: Kurdish Diaspora’s Diverging Political Aspirations in the MENA Region 20 00 Open Access 01 00 03 02 https://books.ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/10.36615/9781776489312_frontcover.jpg UJ Press 01 URL https://ujpress.uj.ac.za 01 UJ Press 01 Publisher's website: home page https://ujpress.uj.ac.za/ 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/188 Johannesburg 04 01 20240718 Aditya Anshu; Lailla Bal’Mahdi, Shalini Mittal, Shabista Naz, Michael O. Slobodchikoff, G. Doug Davis, Nilanjana Nayak, Deenaz Kanji, Duha Lababidi, Aditi Chatterjee, Pooja Kapoor, Sakshi Mathur, Shalini Mittal, Sharon Susan Koshy, Alik Naha, Brahmneet Kaur Narula, Arushi Singh 02 WORLD 06 15 9781776489312 06 15 9781776489336 WORLD 09 UJ Press 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this product https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/188 20 08 20240718 01 urn:uuid:5b08c668-b4be-4ec9-aa6d-2a008fd24816 03 01 01 thoth-work-id urn:uuid:222526f5-3f00-4251-8dee-404403ec015a 01 thoth-publication-id urn:uuid:5b08c668-b4be-4ec9-aa6d-2a008fd24816 15 9781928424741 06 10.18820/9781928424758 00 BC 10 01 245 mm 01 24.5 cm 01 9.65 in 02 175 mm 02 17.5 cm 02 6.89 in Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 01 01 Die Wonderbare Heilige Gees én die Vader van liefde 'n Missionêre teologie 2 A01 21 0000-0002-4206-9685 Pieter Verster Pieter Verster 40 009xwd568 University of the Free State 01 afr 00 323 03 20 belydenis 20 Christologie 20 die verbond 20 Drie-eenheid 20 geloof 20 Heilige Gees 20 heiligmaking 20 missionale kerk 93 QRM 10 REL095000 20 sakramente 01 06 02 00 Pieter Verster dra uit die ryk en ryp oesland van die Ou en Nuwe Testament ’n oorvloed gerwe. 03 00 Pieter Verster dra uit die ryk en ryp oesland van die Ou en Nuwe Testament ’n oorvloed gerwe. ’n Uitnemende geleerde is hier aan die woord. Die Persoon en werk van die Heilige Gees, die derde Persoon van God Drie-enig, word vars en nuut belig. Dit geld ook vir die skywer se ander sentrale teologiese insigte. Die boek getuig van ’n gedeë studie; dit is ’n meesterstuk. Dit sal nie slegs die vakkenner&nbsp;boei nie, maar elke leser sal deur die boek tot helderheid gelei word. Hierdie boek is soos ’n fontein helder murmelende water wat hoop aan dorstige en moedelose mense gee wat in die greep van armoede, korrupsie en rassisme vasgevang is. Met die boek staan Pieter Verster nie slegs nasionaal nie, maar ook internasionaal op die voorpunt van liggewende perspektiewe op die wese van en uitdagings aan die Missionêre Teologie. - Prof. Cas Vos Hierdie boek van Pieter Verster gee ’n indrukwekkende perspektief. Sending gaan daaroor om die blye boodskap te bring van Christus wat vir ons gekruisig is. Ons het ’n boodskap vir hierdie wêreld van COVID-19, van die korrupte politiek, van die armoede, van die misdaad, van sondige en moedelose mense. God beloof nie dat alles reg sal kom nie. Hy het hierdie werklikheid tot op die afskuwelikste gedeel. En Hy het daaraan, aan die konkrete werklikheid van Suid-Afrika van 2020, gesterf. Maar Hy het opgestaan, nie om nou alles reg te maak nie, maar sodat ons as ons sterf aan hierdie onheil steeds mag bely dat ons met Christus sal opstaan. Wanneer ons geen voortgang sien nie, moet ons nie moedeloos word nie: in die wêreld kan ons net ’n bietjie vir mekaar doen en het ons verdrukking, maar Hy het die wêreld oorwin: Christus leef en ons sal saam met Hom leef. Dis evangelie, ’n&nbsp;blye berig vir moedelose en hooplose mense. - Prof. Bram van de Beek 30 00 Pieter Verster dra uit die ryk en ryp oesland van die Ou en Nuwe Testament ’n oorvloed gerwe. ’n Uitnemende geleerde is hier aan die woord. Die Persoon en werk van die Heilige Gees, die derde Persoon van God Drie-enig, word vars en nuut belig. Dit geld ook vir die skywer se ander sentrale teologiese insigte. Die boek getuig van ’n gedeë studie; dit is ’n meesterstuk. Dit sal nie slegs die vakkenner&nbsp;boei nie, maar elke leser sal deur die boek tot helderheid gelei word. Hierdie boek is soos ’n fontein helder murmelende water wat hoop aan dorstige en moedelose mense gee wat in die greep van armoede, korrupsie en rassisme vasgevang is. Met die boek staan Pieter Verster nie slegs nasionaal nie, maar ook internasionaal op die voorpunt van liggewende perspektiewe op die wese van en uitdagings aan die Missionêre Teologie. - Prof. Cas Vos Hierdie boek van Pieter Verster gee ’n indrukwekkende perspektief. Sending gaan daaroor om die blye boodskap te bring van Christus wat vir ons gekruisig is. Ons het ’n boodskap vir hierdie wêreld van COVID-19, van die korrupte politiek, van die armoede, van die misdaad, van sondige en moedelose mense. God beloof nie dat alles reg sal kom nie. Hy het hierdie werklikheid tot op die afskuwelikste gedeel. En Hy het daaraan, aan die konkrete werklikheid van Suid-Afrika van 2020, gesterf. Maar Hy het opgestaan, nie om nou alles reg te maak nie, maar sodat ons as ons sterf aan hierdie onheil steeds mag bely dat ons met Christus sal opstaan. Wanneer ons geen voortgang sien nie, moet ons nie moedeloos word nie: in die wêreld kan ons net ’n bietjie vir mekaar doen en het ons verdrukking, maar Hy het die wêreld oorwin: Christus leef en ons sal saam met Hom leef. Dis evangelie, ’n&nbsp;blye berig vir moedelose en hooplose mense. - Prof. Bram van de Beek 04 00 1. Inleiding 2. Die Sending 3. Die Heilige Gees as Voorspraak 4. Die Heilige Gees as die Gees van Openbaring, Gees van die Lewe en die Kosmologiese Werk van die Gees 5. Die Eenheid tussen Vader, Seun en Heilige Gees 6. Die Werking van die Heilige Gees 7. Die Heilige Gees en die Kerk 8. Die Nuwe Bedeling van Vryspraak deur die Seun is die Tyd van die Gees 9. Die Heilige Gees en die Sending: ’n Heerlike Waarheid 10. God die Vader 11. Die Ons Vader-gebed 12. Die Liefde van die Vader 13. Die Verbond God as Vader van die Heil 14. Verheerliking van en Diens aan die Vader 15. Sorg van God die Vader 16. Die Vader van die Gekruisigde en Opgestane Here 17. Die Wil van die Vader in Kruisgebeure 18. Vader, Seun en Heilige Gees 19. Geloof en die Vader 20. Die Teenwoordigheid van die Vader in die Sakramente 21. Die Vader en die Oordeel 22. Die Vader van Vergifnis en Ewige Lewe in Jesus Christus 23. God die Vader, Liefde, die Heilige Gees en die Sending 20 00 Open Access 01 00 03 02 https://books.ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/10.18820/9781928424758_frontcover.jpg SunBonani Scholar 01 URL https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog 01 UJ Press 01 Publisher's website: home page https://ujpress.uj.ac.za/ 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/63 Bloemfontein 04 01 20210503 Pieter Verster 02 WORLD 06 15 9781928424758 WORLD 09 UJ Press 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this product https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/63 29 Publisher's website: download the title https://www.takealot.com/die-wonderbare-heilige-gees-n-die-vader-van-liefde/PLID71786073 20 08 20210503 02 275.00 ZAR WORLD urn:uuid:e0aee40b-7983-46ae-a8f2-8d6a093b0c53 03 01 01 thoth-work-id urn:uuid:222526f5-3f00-4251-8dee-404403ec015a 01 thoth-publication-id urn:uuid:e0aee40b-7983-46ae-a8f2-8d6a093b0c53 15 9781928424758 06 10.18820/9781928424758 00 EB E107 10 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 01 01 Die Wonderbare Heilige Gees én die Vader van liefde 'n Missionêre teologie 2 A01 21 0000-0002-4206-9685 Pieter Verster Pieter Verster 40 009xwd568 University of the Free State 01 afr 00 323 03 20 belydenis 20 Christologie 20 die verbond 20 Drie-eenheid 20 geloof 20 Heilige Gees 20 heiligmaking 20 missionale kerk 93 QRM 10 REL095000 20 sakramente 01 06 02 00 Pieter Verster dra uit die ryk en ryp oesland van die Ou en Nuwe Testament ’n oorvloed gerwe. 03 00 Pieter Verster dra uit die ryk en ryp oesland van die Ou en Nuwe Testament ’n oorvloed gerwe. ’n Uitnemende geleerde is hier aan die woord. Die Persoon en werk van die Heilige Gees, die derde Persoon van God Drie-enig, word vars en nuut belig. Dit geld ook vir die skywer se ander sentrale teologiese insigte. Die boek getuig van ’n gedeë studie; dit is ’n meesterstuk. Dit sal nie slegs die vakkenner&nbsp;boei nie, maar elke leser sal deur die boek tot helderheid gelei word. Hierdie boek is soos ’n fontein helder murmelende water wat hoop aan dorstige en moedelose mense gee wat in die greep van armoede, korrupsie en rassisme vasgevang is. Met die boek staan Pieter Verster nie slegs nasionaal nie, maar ook internasionaal op die voorpunt van liggewende perspektiewe op die wese van en uitdagings aan die Missionêre Teologie. - Prof. Cas Vos Hierdie boek van Pieter Verster gee ’n indrukwekkende perspektief. Sending gaan daaroor om die blye boodskap te bring van Christus wat vir ons gekruisig is. Ons het ’n boodskap vir hierdie wêreld van COVID-19, van die korrupte politiek, van die armoede, van die misdaad, van sondige en moedelose mense. God beloof nie dat alles reg sal kom nie. Hy het hierdie werklikheid tot op die afskuwelikste gedeel. En Hy het daaraan, aan die konkrete werklikheid van Suid-Afrika van 2020, gesterf. Maar Hy het opgestaan, nie om nou alles reg te maak nie, maar sodat ons as ons sterf aan hierdie onheil steeds mag bely dat ons met Christus sal opstaan. Wanneer ons geen voortgang sien nie, moet ons nie moedeloos word nie: in die wêreld kan ons net ’n bietjie vir mekaar doen en het ons verdrukking, maar Hy het die wêreld oorwin: Christus leef en ons sal saam met Hom leef. Dis evangelie, ’n&nbsp;blye berig vir moedelose en hooplose mense. - Prof. Bram van de Beek 30 00 Pieter Verster dra uit die ryk en ryp oesland van die Ou en Nuwe Testament ’n oorvloed gerwe. ’n Uitnemende geleerde is hier aan die woord. Die Persoon en werk van die Heilige Gees, die derde Persoon van God Drie-enig, word vars en nuut belig. Dit geld ook vir die skywer se ander sentrale teologiese insigte. Die boek getuig van ’n gedeë studie; dit is ’n meesterstuk. Dit sal nie slegs die vakkenner&nbsp;boei nie, maar elke leser sal deur die boek tot helderheid gelei word. Hierdie boek is soos ’n fontein helder murmelende water wat hoop aan dorstige en moedelose mense gee wat in die greep van armoede, korrupsie en rassisme vasgevang is. Met die boek staan Pieter Verster nie slegs nasionaal nie, maar ook internasionaal op die voorpunt van liggewende perspektiewe op die wese van en uitdagings aan die Missionêre Teologie. - Prof. Cas Vos Hierdie boek van Pieter Verster gee ’n indrukwekkende perspektief. Sending gaan daaroor om die blye boodskap te bring van Christus wat vir ons gekruisig is. Ons het ’n boodskap vir hierdie wêreld van COVID-19, van die korrupte politiek, van die armoede, van die misdaad, van sondige en moedelose mense. God beloof nie dat alles reg sal kom nie. Hy het hierdie werklikheid tot op die afskuwelikste gedeel. En Hy het daaraan, aan die konkrete werklikheid van Suid-Afrika van 2020, gesterf. Maar Hy het opgestaan, nie om nou alles reg te maak nie, maar sodat ons as ons sterf aan hierdie onheil steeds mag bely dat ons met Christus sal opstaan. Wanneer ons geen voortgang sien nie, moet ons nie moedeloos word nie: in die wêreld kan ons net ’n bietjie vir mekaar doen en het ons verdrukking, maar Hy het die wêreld oorwin: Christus leef en ons sal saam met Hom leef. Dis evangelie, ’n&nbsp;blye berig vir moedelose en hooplose mense. - Prof. Bram van de Beek 04 00 1. Inleiding 2. Die Sending 3. Die Heilige Gees as Voorspraak 4. Die Heilige Gees as die Gees van Openbaring, Gees van die Lewe en die Kosmologiese Werk van die Gees 5. Die Eenheid tussen Vader, Seun en Heilige Gees 6. Die Werking van die Heilige Gees 7. Die Heilige Gees en die Kerk 8. Die Nuwe Bedeling van Vryspraak deur die Seun is die Tyd van die Gees 9. Die Heilige Gees en die Sending: ’n Heerlike Waarheid 10. God die Vader 11. Die Ons Vader-gebed 12. Die Liefde van die Vader 13. Die Verbond God as Vader van die Heil 14. Verheerliking van en Diens aan die Vader 15. Sorg van God die Vader 16. Die Vader van die Gekruisigde en Opgestane Here 17. Die Wil van die Vader in Kruisgebeure 18. Vader, Seun en Heilige Gees 19. Geloof en die Vader 20. Die Teenwoordigheid van die Vader in die Sakramente 21. Die Vader en die Oordeel 22. Die Vader van Vergifnis en Ewige Lewe in Jesus Christus 23. God die Vader, Liefde, die Heilige Gees en die Sending 20 00 Open Access 01 00 03 02 https://books.ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/10.18820/9781928424758_frontcover.jpg SunBonani Scholar 01 URL https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog 01 UJ Press 01 Publisher's website: home page https://ujpress.uj.ac.za/ 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/63 Bloemfontein 04 01 20210503 Pieter Verster 02 WORLD 06 15 9781928424741 WORLD 11 OAPEN 36 OAPEN: webpage for this product https://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/59095 29 OAPEN: download the title https://library.oapen.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.12657/59095/9781928424758.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y 20 08 20210503 01 11 DOAB 36 DOAB: webpage for this product https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/93334 20 08 20210503 01 09 UJ Press 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this product https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/63 29 Publisher's website: download the title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/view/63/102/381 20 08 20210503 01 11 THOTH 36 THOTH: webpage for this product https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/63 29 THOTH: download the title https://books.ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/10.18820/9781928424758.pdf 20 08 20210503 01 urn:uuid:5fdb2532-eb70-4c21-91d9-6c919ff506e4 03 01 01 thoth-work-id urn:uuid:609ae0be-2ac1-4e37-bc63-fe22c0480d90 01 thoth-publication-id urn:uuid:5fdb2532-eb70-4c21-91d9-6c919ff506e4 15 9781776489381 06 10.36615/9781776489381 00 EB E107 10 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 01 01 Digital and Sustainable Built Environment Digest [DS-BED] First Edition May 2024 01 eng 20 sustainability 20 built environment 20 construction 20 innovation 20 construction digitization 20 human settlement 20 research 20 leadership 20 engineering 01 06 02 00 Unlocking Africa’s Construction Potentials: The Revitalization solutions.– Sustainable and Innovative Construction Materials.– Construction Digitalization. 03 00 Unlocking Africa’s Construction Potentials: The Revitalization solutions.– Sustainable and Innovative Construction Materials.– Construction Digitalization. Sustainable Human Settlement and Construction Research Centre (SHSCRC)DSI-NRF Research Chair in Sustainable Construction Management and Leadership in the Built Environment Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment University of Johannesburg 30 00 Unlocking Africa’s Construction Potentials: The Revitalization solutions.– Sustainable and Innovative Construction Materials.– Construction Digitalization. Sustainable Human Settlement and Construction Research Centre (SHSCRC)DSI-NRF Research Chair in Sustainable Construction Management and Leadership in the Built Environment Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment University of Johannesburg 20 00 Open Access 01 00 03 02 https://books.ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/10.36615/9781776489381_frontcover.jpg Hoopoe Press 01 URL https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/series/hoopoe 01 UJ Press 01 Publisher's website: home page https://ujpress.uj.ac.za/ 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/309 Johannesburg 04 01 20240515 Prof. Clinton Aigbavboa; Mr Peter Adekunle, Dr Liphadzi Murendeni, Dr David Love Opeyemi, Dr Akinradewo Opeoluwa, Ms Keamogetswe Maluleke, Mr. Mpingana Wanda, Mrs Tanga Tambwe, Dr Babatunde Fatai Ogunbayo, Dr Samuel Adekunle 02 WORLD WORLD 11 Unknown 36 Unspecified hosting platform: webpage for this product https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/309 29 Unspecified hosting platform: download the title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/view/309/767/3050 20 08 20240515 01 11 THOTH 36 THOTH: webpage for this product https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/309 29 THOTH: download the title https://books.ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/10.36615/9781776489381.pdf 20 08 20240515 01 urn:uuid:e5ac176d-e82c-46b8-8c69-9be14be7c9b0 03 01 01 thoth-work-id urn:uuid:7040be6a-521d-4ad8-ba89-ada455625578 01 thoth-publication-id urn:uuid:e5ac176d-e82c-46b8-8c69-9be14be7c9b0 15 9780906785492 06 10.64449/9780906785508 00 BC 10 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 01 01 Diplomacy on Time Denmark in South Africa’s Negotiated Revolution 1 A01 Peter Brückner Peter Brückner 01 eng 00 268 03 20 Denmark 93 JP 10 POL053000 20 South Africa 20 Apartheid 20 Diplomacy 01 06 02 00 The purpose of this memoir is not to write the whole story from Nelson Mandela’s release in 1990 to the first democratic elections in 1994. 03 00 The purpose of this memoir is not to write the whole story from Nelson Mandela’s release in 1990 to the first democratic elections in 1994. That has already been done. My aim is merely to describe the Danish efforts during the negotiation process in the four years that culminated in the adoption of South Africa’s first democratic constitution and the installation of Mandela as president. 30 00 The purpose of this memoir is not to write the whole story from Nelson Mandela’s release in 1990 to the first democratic elections in 1994. That has already been done. My aim is merely to describe the Danish efforts during the negotiation process in the four years that culminated in the adoption of South Africa’s first democratic constitution and the installation of Mandela as president. 04 00 Series Foreword Sven Botha Foreword Arrival In Place in Two Capitals Contacts? Danish Anti-Apartheid Policy First Meeting with Nelson Mandela The Other Side The First Meeting with President Frederik Willem de Klerk Meetings with Foreign Minister Pik Botha and Deputy Foreign Minister Leon Wessels Reflections EC Negative and Positive Measures towards South Africa Visits by Danish Parliamentarians and the Multi-Party Conference Nelson Mandela’s Visit to Copenhagen First Danish Ministerial Visit to South Africa The EC Troika Visit in September 1992 EC Observer Mission in South Africa: ECOMSA and the Goldstone Commission Preparations for the Danish Presidency of the European Community Cooperation with other Countries’ Representatives in South Africa Informal Interaction with South Africans Denmark’s EU Presidency in the First Half of 1993 Chief Minister Mangosuthu Buthelezi’s Visit to Denmark 2-3 September 1993 Campaigning and Election Observation The Death Squad. Q’s Revelations Free at Last: The Elections and Nelson Mandela’s Presidential Inauguration After the Elections Epilogue Conclusion: What did we Achieve, What did we Learn? 20 00 Open Access 01 00 03 02 https://books.ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/10.64449/9780906785508_frontcover.jpg 12 03 06 10.64449/9780906785508-10 55 62 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 Chapter 01 01 EC Negative and Positive Measures towards South Africa 02 00 In 1985, EC Foreign Ministers adopted a series of negative and positive measures against South Africa. 03 00 In 1985, EC Foreign Ministers adopted a series of negative and positive measures against South Africa. The negative or restrictive measures concerned the export and import of arms and para-military equipment and the cessation of exports of oil and sensitive equipment to South Africa. In addition, there were several bans on military cooperation, calls for an end to cultural and scientific cooperation, a freeze on sporting contacts, security cooperation and nuclear cooperation. 30 00 In 1985, EC Foreign Ministers adopted a series of negative and positive measures against South Africa. The negative or restrictive measures concerned the export and import of arms and para-military equipment and the cessation of exports of oil and sensitive equipment to South Africa. In addition, there were several bans on military cooperation, calls for an end to cultural and scientific cooperation, a freeze on sporting contacts, security cooperation and nuclear cooperation. 20 00 Open Access Peter Brückner 17 03 06 10.64449/9780906785508-15 115 128 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Chapter 01 01 EC Observer Mission in South Africa: ECOMSA and the Goldstone Commission 02 00 As Foreign Minister Uffe Ellemann-Jensen answered Pia Kjærsgaard’s question of 13 October 199261, violence was the most burning issue in the then South Africa. 03 00 As Foreign Minister Uffe Ellemann-Jensen answered Pia Kjærsgaard’s question of 13 October 199261, violence was the most burning issue in the then South Africa. In addition to its human cost, it had poisoned the political climate and led to a prolonged breakdown of the negotiation process in the summer of 1992. 30 00 As Foreign Minister Uffe Ellemann-Jensen answered Pia Kjærsgaard’s question of 13 October 199261, violence was the most burning issue in the then South Africa. In addition to its human cost, it had poisoned the political climate and led to a prolonged breakdown of the negotiation process in the summer of 1992. 20 00 Open Access Peter Brückner 21 03 06 10.64449/9780906785508-19 147 159 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Denmark’s EU Presidency in the First Half of 1993 02 00 In Denmark there had been a change of government in January 1993, and Niels Helveg Petersen from the social liberal party had taken over the post of Foreign Minister and thus also responsibility for the Danish Presidency of the EC. 03 00 In Denmark there had been a change of government in January 1993, and Niels Helveg Petersen from the social liberal party had taken over the post of Foreign Minister and thus also responsibility for the Danish Presidency of the EC. 30 00 In Denmark there had been a change of government in January 1993, and Niels Helveg Petersen from the social liberal party had taken over the post of Foreign Minister and thus also responsibility for the Danish Presidency of the EC. 20 00 Open Access Peter Brückner 25 03 06 10.64449/9780906785508-23 191 198 8 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Free at Last: The Elections and Nelson Mandela’s Presidential Inauguration 02 00 On 23 May 1994 - shortly after the elections and the presidential inauguration - I wrote an article for the Foreign Ministry’s magazine Kureren about this decisive turning point in South African history: “Deep down, we knew there would be another ordinary weekday after this party; but the party was so lovely while it lasted.” 03 00 On 23 May 1994 - shortly after the elections and the presidential inauguration - I wrote an article for the Foreign Ministry’s magazine Kureren about this decisive turning point in South African history: “Deep down, we knew there would be another ordinary weekday after this party; but the party was so lovely while it lasted.” 30 00 On 23 May 1994 - shortly after the elections and the presidential inauguration - I wrote an article for the Foreign Ministry’s magazine Kureren about this decisive turning point in South African history: “Deep down, we knew there would be another ordinary weekday after this party; but the party was so lovely while it lasted.” 20 00 Open Access Peter Brückner UJ Press 01 URL https://ujpress.uj.ac.za 01 UJ Press 01 Publisher's website: home page https://ujpress.uj.ac.za/ 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/380 Johannesburg 04 01 20250909 Danish Foreign Policy Society 02 WORLD 06 15 9780906785508 06 15 9780906785522 06 15 9780906785515 WORLD 09 UJ Press 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this product https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/380 20 08 20250909 01 urn:uuid:0e1000ab-4a2f-4858-8ce6-509c0088c261 03 01 01 thoth-work-id urn:uuid:7040be6a-521d-4ad8-ba89-ada455625578 01 thoth-publication-id urn:uuid:0e1000ab-4a2f-4858-8ce6-509c0088c261 15 9780906785508 06 10.64449/9780906785508 00 EB E107 10 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 01 01 Diplomacy on Time Denmark in South Africa’s Negotiated Revolution 1 A01 Peter Brückner Peter Brückner 01 eng 00 268 03 20 Denmark 93 JP 10 POL053000 20 South Africa 20 Apartheid 20 Diplomacy 01 06 02 00 The purpose of this memoir is not to write the whole story from Nelson Mandela’s release in 1990 to the first democratic elections in 1994. 03 00 The purpose of this memoir is not to write the whole story from Nelson Mandela’s release in 1990 to the first democratic elections in 1994. That has already been done. My aim is merely to describe the Danish efforts during the negotiation process in the four years that culminated in the adoption of South Africa’s first democratic constitution and the installation of Mandela as president. 30 00 The purpose of this memoir is not to write the whole story from Nelson Mandela’s release in 1990 to the first democratic elections in 1994. That has already been done. My aim is merely to describe the Danish efforts during the negotiation process in the four years that culminated in the adoption of South Africa’s first democratic constitution and the installation of Mandela as president. 04 00 Series Foreword Sven Botha Foreword Arrival In Place in Two Capitals Contacts? Danish Anti-Apartheid Policy First Meeting with Nelson Mandela The Other Side The First Meeting with President Frederik Willem de Klerk Meetings with Foreign Minister Pik Botha and Deputy Foreign Minister Leon Wessels Reflections EC Negative and Positive Measures towards South Africa Visits by Danish Parliamentarians and the Multi-Party Conference Nelson Mandela’s Visit to Copenhagen First Danish Ministerial Visit to South Africa The EC Troika Visit in September 1992 EC Observer Mission in South Africa: ECOMSA and the Goldstone Commission Preparations for the Danish Presidency of the European Community Cooperation with other Countries’ Representatives in South Africa Informal Interaction with South Africans Denmark’s EU Presidency in the First Half of 1993 Chief Minister Mangosuthu Buthelezi’s Visit to Denmark 2-3 September 1993 Campaigning and Election Observation The Death Squad. Q’s Revelations Free at Last: The Elections and Nelson Mandela’s Presidential Inauguration After the Elections Epilogue Conclusion: What did we Achieve, What did we Learn? 20 00 Open Access 01 00 03 02 https://books.ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/10.64449/9780906785508_frontcover.jpg 12 03 06 10.64449/9780906785508-10 55 62 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 Chapter 01 01 EC Negative and Positive Measures towards South Africa 02 00 In 1985, EC Foreign Ministers adopted a series of negative and positive measures against South Africa. 03 00 In 1985, EC Foreign Ministers adopted a series of negative and positive measures against South Africa. The negative or restrictive measures concerned the export and import of arms and para-military equipment and the cessation of exports of oil and sensitive equipment to South Africa. In addition, there were several bans on military cooperation, calls for an end to cultural and scientific cooperation, a freeze on sporting contacts, security cooperation and nuclear cooperation. 30 00 In 1985, EC Foreign Ministers adopted a series of negative and positive measures against South Africa. The negative or restrictive measures concerned the export and import of arms and para-military equipment and the cessation of exports of oil and sensitive equipment to South Africa. In addition, there were several bans on military cooperation, calls for an end to cultural and scientific cooperation, a freeze on sporting contacts, security cooperation and nuclear cooperation. 20 00 Open Access Peter Brückner 17 03 06 10.64449/9780906785508-15 115 128 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Chapter 01 01 EC Observer Mission in South Africa: ECOMSA and the Goldstone Commission 02 00 As Foreign Minister Uffe Ellemann-Jensen answered Pia Kjærsgaard’s question of 13 October 199261, violence was the most burning issue in the then South Africa. 03 00 As Foreign Minister Uffe Ellemann-Jensen answered Pia Kjærsgaard’s question of 13 October 199261, violence was the most burning issue in the then South Africa. In addition to its human cost, it had poisoned the political climate and led to a prolonged breakdown of the negotiation process in the summer of 1992. 30 00 As Foreign Minister Uffe Ellemann-Jensen answered Pia Kjærsgaard’s question of 13 October 199261, violence was the most burning issue in the then South Africa. In addition to its human cost, it had poisoned the political climate and led to a prolonged breakdown of the negotiation process in the summer of 1992. 20 00 Open Access Peter Brückner 21 03 06 10.64449/9780906785508-19 147 159 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Denmark’s EU Presidency in the First Half of 1993 02 00 In Denmark there had been a change of government in January 1993, and Niels Helveg Petersen from the social liberal party had taken over the post of Foreign Minister and thus also responsibility for the Danish Presidency of the EC. 03 00 In Denmark there had been a change of government in January 1993, and Niels Helveg Petersen from the social liberal party had taken over the post of Foreign Minister and thus also responsibility for the Danish Presidency of the EC. 30 00 In Denmark there had been a change of government in January 1993, and Niels Helveg Petersen from the social liberal party had taken over the post of Foreign Minister and thus also responsibility for the Danish Presidency of the EC. 20 00 Open Access Peter Brückner 25 03 06 10.64449/9780906785508-23 191 198 8 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Free at Last: The Elections and Nelson Mandela’s Presidential Inauguration 02 00 On 23 May 1994 - shortly after the elections and the presidential inauguration - I wrote an article for the Foreign Ministry’s magazine Kureren about this decisive turning point in South African history: “Deep down, we knew there would be another ordinary weekday after this party; but the party was so lovely while it lasted.” 03 00 On 23 May 1994 - shortly after the elections and the presidential inauguration - I wrote an article for the Foreign Ministry’s magazine Kureren about this decisive turning point in South African history: “Deep down, we knew there would be another ordinary weekday after this party; but the party was so lovely while it lasted.” 30 00 On 23 May 1994 - shortly after the elections and the presidential inauguration - I wrote an article for the Foreign Ministry’s magazine Kureren about this decisive turning point in South African history: “Deep down, we knew there would be another ordinary weekday after this party; but the party was so lovely while it lasted.” 20 00 Open Access Peter Brückner UJ Press 01 URL https://ujpress.uj.ac.za 01 UJ Press 01 Publisher's website: home page https://ujpress.uj.ac.za/ 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/380 Johannesburg 04 01 20250909 Danish Foreign Policy Society 02 WORLD 06 15 9780906785492 06 15 9780906785522 06 15 9780906785515 WORLD 11 Unknown 36 Unspecified hosting platform: webpage for this product https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/380 29 Unspecified hosting platform: download the title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/view/380/1278/5504 20 08 20250909 01 11 THOTH 36 THOTH: webpage for this product https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/380 29 THOTH: download the title https://books.ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/10.64449/9780906785508.pdf 20 08 20250909 01 urn:uuid:639ea6f9-7536-45af-b940-9236cfbe3b98 03 01 01 thoth-work-id urn:uuid:7040be6a-521d-4ad8-ba89-ada455625578 01 thoth-publication-id urn:uuid:639ea6f9-7536-45af-b940-9236cfbe3b98 15 9780906785522 06 10.64449/9780906785508 00 EB E113 10 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 01 01 Diplomacy on Time Denmark in South Africa’s Negotiated Revolution 1 A01 Peter Brückner Peter Brückner 01 eng 00 268 03 20 Denmark 93 JP 10 POL053000 20 South Africa 20 Apartheid 20 Diplomacy 01 06 02 00 The purpose of this memoir is not to write the whole story from Nelson Mandela’s release in 1990 to the first democratic elections in 1994. 03 00 The purpose of this memoir is not to write the whole story from Nelson Mandela’s release in 1990 to the first democratic elections in 1994. That has already been done. My aim is merely to describe the Danish efforts during the negotiation process in the four years that culminated in the adoption of South Africa’s first democratic constitution and the installation of Mandela as president. 30 00 The purpose of this memoir is not to write the whole story from Nelson Mandela’s release in 1990 to the first democratic elections in 1994. That has already been done. My aim is merely to describe the Danish efforts during the negotiation process in the four years that culminated in the adoption of South Africa’s first democratic constitution and the installation of Mandela as president. 04 00 Series Foreword Sven Botha Foreword Arrival In Place in Two Capitals Contacts? Danish Anti-Apartheid Policy First Meeting with Nelson Mandela The Other Side The First Meeting with President Frederik Willem de Klerk Meetings with Foreign Minister Pik Botha and Deputy Foreign Minister Leon Wessels Reflections EC Negative and Positive Measures towards South Africa Visits by Danish Parliamentarians and the Multi-Party Conference Nelson Mandela’s Visit to Copenhagen First Danish Ministerial Visit to South Africa The EC Troika Visit in September 1992 EC Observer Mission in South Africa: ECOMSA and the Goldstone Commission Preparations for the Danish Presidency of the European Community Cooperation with other Countries’ Representatives in South Africa Informal Interaction with South Africans Denmark’s EU Presidency in the First Half of 1993 Chief Minister Mangosuthu Buthelezi’s Visit to Denmark 2-3 September 1993 Campaigning and Election Observation The Death Squad. Q’s Revelations Free at Last: The Elections and Nelson Mandela’s Presidential Inauguration After the Elections Epilogue Conclusion: What did we Achieve, What did we Learn? 20 00 Open Access 01 00 03 02 https://books.ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/10.64449/9780906785508_frontcover.jpg 12 03 06 10.64449/9780906785508-10 55 62 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 Chapter 01 01 EC Negative and Positive Measures towards South Africa 02 00 In 1985, EC Foreign Ministers adopted a series of negative and positive measures against South Africa. 03 00 In 1985, EC Foreign Ministers adopted a series of negative and positive measures against South Africa. The negative or restrictive measures concerned the export and import of arms and para-military equipment and the cessation of exports of oil and sensitive equipment to South Africa. In addition, there were several bans on military cooperation, calls for an end to cultural and scientific cooperation, a freeze on sporting contacts, security cooperation and nuclear cooperation. 30 00 In 1985, EC Foreign Ministers adopted a series of negative and positive measures against South Africa. The negative or restrictive measures concerned the export and import of arms and para-military equipment and the cessation of exports of oil and sensitive equipment to South Africa. In addition, there were several bans on military cooperation, calls for an end to cultural and scientific cooperation, a freeze on sporting contacts, security cooperation and nuclear cooperation. 20 00 Open Access Peter Brückner 17 03 06 10.64449/9780906785508-15 115 128 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Chapter 01 01 EC Observer Mission in South Africa: ECOMSA and the Goldstone Commission 02 00 As Foreign Minister Uffe Ellemann-Jensen answered Pia Kjærsgaard’s question of 13 October 199261, violence was the most burning issue in the then South Africa. 03 00 As Foreign Minister Uffe Ellemann-Jensen answered Pia Kjærsgaard’s question of 13 October 199261, violence was the most burning issue in the then South Africa. In addition to its human cost, it had poisoned the political climate and led to a prolonged breakdown of the negotiation process in the summer of 1992. 30 00 As Foreign Minister Uffe Ellemann-Jensen answered Pia Kjærsgaard’s question of 13 October 199261, violence was the most burning issue in the then South Africa. In addition to its human cost, it had poisoned the political climate and led to a prolonged breakdown of the negotiation process in the summer of 1992. 20 00 Open Access Peter Brückner 21 03 06 10.64449/9780906785508-19 147 159 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Denmark’s EU Presidency in the First Half of 1993 02 00 In Denmark there had been a change of government in January 1993, and Niels Helveg Petersen from the social liberal party had taken over the post of Foreign Minister and thus also responsibility for the Danish Presidency of the EC. 03 00 In Denmark there had been a change of government in January 1993, and Niels Helveg Petersen from the social liberal party had taken over the post of Foreign Minister and thus also responsibility for the Danish Presidency of the EC. 30 00 In Denmark there had been a change of government in January 1993, and Niels Helveg Petersen from the social liberal party had taken over the post of Foreign Minister and thus also responsibility for the Danish Presidency of the EC. 20 00 Open Access Peter Brückner 25 03 06 10.64449/9780906785508-23 191 198 8 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Free at Last: The Elections and Nelson Mandela’s Presidential Inauguration 02 00 On 23 May 1994 - shortly after the elections and the presidential inauguration - I wrote an article for the Foreign Ministry’s magazine Kureren about this decisive turning point in South African history: “Deep down, we knew there would be another ordinary weekday after this party; but the party was so lovely while it lasted.” 03 00 On 23 May 1994 - shortly after the elections and the presidential inauguration - I wrote an article for the Foreign Ministry’s magazine Kureren about this decisive turning point in South African history: “Deep down, we knew there would be another ordinary weekday after this party; but the party was so lovely while it lasted.” 30 00 On 23 May 1994 - shortly after the elections and the presidential inauguration - I wrote an article for the Foreign Ministry’s magazine Kureren about this decisive turning point in South African history: “Deep down, we knew there would be another ordinary weekday after this party; but the party was so lovely while it lasted.” 20 00 Open Access Peter Brückner UJ Press 01 URL https://ujpress.uj.ac.za 01 UJ Press 01 Publisher's website: home page https://ujpress.uj.ac.za/ 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/380 Johannesburg 04 01 20250909 Danish Foreign Policy Society 02 WORLD 06 15 9780906785492 06 15 9780906785508 06 15 9780906785515 WORLD 11 Unknown 36 Unspecified hosting platform: webpage for this product https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/380 29 Unspecified hosting platform: download the title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/view/380/1280/5506 20 08 20250909 01 urn:uuid:a21766ed-3693-4a80-bc2c-fc49b45660d0 03 01 01 thoth-work-id urn:uuid:7040be6a-521d-4ad8-ba89-ada455625578 01 thoth-publication-id urn:uuid:a21766ed-3693-4a80-bc2c-fc49b45660d0 15 9780906785515 06 10.64449/9780906785508 00 EB E101 10 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 01 01 Diplomacy on Time Denmark in South Africa’s Negotiated Revolution 1 A01 Peter Brückner Peter Brückner 01 eng 00 268 03 20 Denmark 93 JP 10 POL053000 20 South Africa 20 Apartheid 20 Diplomacy 01 06 02 00 The purpose of this memoir is not to write the whole story from Nelson Mandela’s release in 1990 to the first democratic elections in 1994. 03 00 The purpose of this memoir is not to write the whole story from Nelson Mandela’s release in 1990 to the first democratic elections in 1994. That has already been done. My aim is merely to describe the Danish efforts during the negotiation process in the four years that culminated in the adoption of South Africa’s first democratic constitution and the installation of Mandela as president. 30 00 The purpose of this memoir is not to write the whole story from Nelson Mandela’s release in 1990 to the first democratic elections in 1994. That has already been done. My aim is merely to describe the Danish efforts during the negotiation process in the four years that culminated in the adoption of South Africa’s first democratic constitution and the installation of Mandela as president. 04 00 Series Foreword Sven Botha Foreword Arrival In Place in Two Capitals Contacts? Danish Anti-Apartheid Policy First Meeting with Nelson Mandela The Other Side The First Meeting with President Frederik Willem de Klerk Meetings with Foreign Minister Pik Botha and Deputy Foreign Minister Leon Wessels Reflections EC Negative and Positive Measures towards South Africa Visits by Danish Parliamentarians and the Multi-Party Conference Nelson Mandela’s Visit to Copenhagen First Danish Ministerial Visit to South Africa The EC Troika Visit in September 1992 EC Observer Mission in South Africa: ECOMSA and the Goldstone Commission Preparations for the Danish Presidency of the European Community Cooperation with other Countries’ Representatives in South Africa Informal Interaction with South Africans Denmark’s EU Presidency in the First Half of 1993 Chief Minister Mangosuthu Buthelezi’s Visit to Denmark 2-3 September 1993 Campaigning and Election Observation The Death Squad. Q’s Revelations Free at Last: The Elections and Nelson Mandela’s Presidential Inauguration After the Elections Epilogue Conclusion: What did we Achieve, What did we Learn? 20 00 Open Access 01 00 03 02 https://books.ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/10.64449/9780906785508_frontcover.jpg 12 03 06 10.64449/9780906785508-10 55 62 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 Chapter 01 01 EC Negative and Positive Measures towards South Africa 02 00 In 1985, EC Foreign Ministers adopted a series of negative and positive measures against South Africa. 03 00 In 1985, EC Foreign Ministers adopted a series of negative and positive measures against South Africa. The negative or restrictive measures concerned the export and import of arms and para-military equipment and the cessation of exports of oil and sensitive equipment to South Africa. In addition, there were several bans on military cooperation, calls for an end to cultural and scientific cooperation, a freeze on sporting contacts, security cooperation and nuclear cooperation. 30 00 In 1985, EC Foreign Ministers adopted a series of negative and positive measures against South Africa. The negative or restrictive measures concerned the export and import of arms and para-military equipment and the cessation of exports of oil and sensitive equipment to South Africa. In addition, there were several bans on military cooperation, calls for an end to cultural and scientific cooperation, a freeze on sporting contacts, security cooperation and nuclear cooperation. 20 00 Open Access Peter Brückner 17 03 06 10.64449/9780906785508-15 115 128 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Chapter 01 01 EC Observer Mission in South Africa: ECOMSA and the Goldstone Commission 02 00 As Foreign Minister Uffe Ellemann-Jensen answered Pia Kjærsgaard’s question of 13 October 199261, violence was the most burning issue in the then South Africa. 03 00 As Foreign Minister Uffe Ellemann-Jensen answered Pia Kjærsgaard’s question of 13 October 199261, violence was the most burning issue in the then South Africa. In addition to its human cost, it had poisoned the political climate and led to a prolonged breakdown of the negotiation process in the summer of 1992. 30 00 As Foreign Minister Uffe Ellemann-Jensen answered Pia Kjærsgaard’s question of 13 October 199261, violence was the most burning issue in the then South Africa. In addition to its human cost, it had poisoned the political climate and led to a prolonged breakdown of the negotiation process in the summer of 1992. 20 00 Open Access Peter Brückner 21 03 06 10.64449/9780906785508-19 147 159 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Denmark’s EU Presidency in the First Half of 1993 02 00 In Denmark there had been a change of government in January 1993, and Niels Helveg Petersen from the social liberal party had taken over the post of Foreign Minister and thus also responsibility for the Danish Presidency of the EC. 03 00 In Denmark there had been a change of government in January 1993, and Niels Helveg Petersen from the social liberal party had taken over the post of Foreign Minister and thus also responsibility for the Danish Presidency of the EC. 30 00 In Denmark there had been a change of government in January 1993, and Niels Helveg Petersen from the social liberal party had taken over the post of Foreign Minister and thus also responsibility for the Danish Presidency of the EC. 20 00 Open Access Peter Brückner 25 03 06 10.64449/9780906785508-23 191 198 8 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Free at Last: The Elections and Nelson Mandela’s Presidential Inauguration 02 00 On 23 May 1994 - shortly after the elections and the presidential inauguration - I wrote an article for the Foreign Ministry’s magazine Kureren about this decisive turning point in South African history: “Deep down, we knew there would be another ordinary weekday after this party; but the party was so lovely while it lasted.” 03 00 On 23 May 1994 - shortly after the elections and the presidential inauguration - I wrote an article for the Foreign Ministry’s magazine Kureren about this decisive turning point in South African history: “Deep down, we knew there would be another ordinary weekday after this party; but the party was so lovely while it lasted.” 30 00 On 23 May 1994 - shortly after the elections and the presidential inauguration - I wrote an article for the Foreign Ministry’s magazine Kureren about this decisive turning point in South African history: “Deep down, we knew there would be another ordinary weekday after this party; but the party was so lovely while it lasted.” 20 00 Open Access Peter Brückner UJ Press 01 URL https://ujpress.uj.ac.za 01 UJ Press 01 Publisher's website: home page https://ujpress.uj.ac.za/ 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/380 Johannesburg 04 01 20250909 Danish Foreign Policy Society 02 WORLD 06 15 9780906785492 06 15 9780906785508 06 15 9780906785522 WORLD 11 Unknown 36 Unspecified hosting platform: webpage for this product https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/380 29 Unspecified hosting platform: download the title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/view/380/1279/5505 20 08 20250909 01 urn:uuid:669154ee-87a5-4aa3-8fa2-69f402127c8c 03 01 01 thoth-work-id urn:uuid:4676ac51-9bf2-419c-be45-f7605659456b 01 thoth-publication-id urn:uuid:669154ee-87a5-4aa3-8fa2-69f402127c8c 15 9780639895963 06 10.64449/9780639710587 00 BC 10 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 01 01 Ditaola Di A Itlhathola/The Oracles are Self-Deciphering 1 B01 21 0000-0002-5405-6814 Bridget Thompson Bridget Thompson 2 A01 Lefifi Tladi Lefifi Tladi 01 eng 00 100 03 20 poems 20 paintings 20 proverbs 20 collages 20 Lefifi Tladi 01 06 02 00 Lefifi Tladi’s writing and spoken word sling piercing wisdoms of “word consciousness” and scalding impatience, through his existential harangues, cracking with literary fireworks and intellectual rigor-the-hammer. 03 00 Lefifi Tladi’s writing and spoken word sling piercing wisdoms of “word consciousness” and scalding impatience, through his existential harangues, cracking with literary fireworks and intellectual rigor-the-hammer. He floats above like the Mapungubwe Hill bearded eagle, lending wings to Malopo Spirit, Malombo, Dashiki Poets, Malopoets, Last Poets, Ujebe Masokoane, Ingoapele Madingoane, Lesego Rampolokeng, Kgafela Oa Magogodi, Mutabaruka in Jamaica and Malik in Trinidad. He peers unflinching into the abyss of our hesitant times, testifies to its brutal histories with their shameful, salt-less tears and bewildering predicaments. Lefifi is sepoko-the-ghost-come-back dragging a bloody three legged and sooty cast iron cauldron, over-spilling with our brutal past, peering with his red third eye into this present of fake news. His sePedi and seTswana aphorisms and tongue-twisting proverbs, his yawning alliterations, demanding a price for us to pay, to access the bounty of his divine love that leaves us blushing, clutching the rosary at his blasphemous humour. Our comforts may be hidden elsewhere, but please we must listen to his unnerving, his undeniable truths, and bask in the timelessness, in the seeding-words of Lefifi Tladi. - Vusi Mchunu 30 00 Lefifi Tladi’s writing and spoken word sling piercing wisdoms of “word consciousness” and scalding impatience, through his existential harangues, cracking with literary fireworks and intellectual rigor-the-hammer. He floats above like the Mapungubwe Hill bearded eagle, lending wings to Malopo Spirit, Malombo, Dashiki Poets, Malopoets, Last Poets, Ujebe Masokoane, Ingoapele Madingoane, Lesego Rampolokeng, Kgafela Oa Magogodi, Mutabaruka in Jamaica and Malik in Trinidad. He peers unflinching into the abyss of our hesitant times, testifies to its brutal histories with their shameful, salt-less tears and bewildering predicaments. Lefifi is sepoko-the-ghost-come-back dragging a bloody three legged and sooty cast iron cauldron, over-spilling with our brutal past, peering with his red third eye into this present of fake news. His sePedi and seTswana aphorisms and tongue-twisting proverbs, his yawning alliterations, demanding a price for us to pay, to access the bounty of his divine love that leaves us blushing, clutching the rosary at his blasphemous humour. Our comforts may be hidden elsewhere, but please we must listen to his unnerving, his undeniable truths, and bask in the timelessness, in the seeding-words of Lefifi Tladi. - Vusi Mchunu 20 00 Open Access 01 00 03 02 https://books.ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/10.64449/9780639710587_frontcover.jpg UJ Press 01 URL https://ujpress.uj.ac.za 01 UJ Press 01 Publisher's website: home page https://ujpress.uj.ac.za/ 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/262 Johannesburg 04 01 20251015 Lefifi Tladi 02 WORLD 06 15 9780639710587 WORLD 09 UJ Press 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this product https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/262 20 08 20251015 01 urn:uuid:23ae7bae-9bc9-41cb-8849-332b730c7c4f 03 01 01 thoth-work-id urn:uuid:4676ac51-9bf2-419c-be45-f7605659456b 01 thoth-publication-id urn:uuid:23ae7bae-9bc9-41cb-8849-332b730c7c4f 15 9780639710587 06 10.64449/9780639710587 00 EB E107 10 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 01 01 Ditaola Di A Itlhathola/The Oracles are Self-Deciphering 1 B01 21 0000-0002-5405-6814 Bridget Thompson Bridget Thompson 2 A01 Lefifi Tladi Lefifi Tladi 01 eng 00 100 03 20 poems 20 paintings 20 proverbs 20 collages 20 Lefifi Tladi 01 06 02 00 Lefifi Tladi’s writing and spoken word sling piercing wisdoms of “word consciousness” and scalding impatience, through his existential harangues, cracking with literary fireworks and intellectual rigor-the-hammer. 03 00 Lefifi Tladi’s writing and spoken word sling piercing wisdoms of “word consciousness” and scalding impatience, through his existential harangues, cracking with literary fireworks and intellectual rigor-the-hammer. He floats above like the Mapungubwe Hill bearded eagle, lending wings to Malopo Spirit, Malombo, Dashiki Poets, Malopoets, Last Poets, Ujebe Masokoane, Ingoapele Madingoane, Lesego Rampolokeng, Kgafela Oa Magogodi, Mutabaruka in Jamaica and Malik in Trinidad. He peers unflinching into the abyss of our hesitant times, testifies to its brutal histories with their shameful, salt-less tears and bewildering predicaments. Lefifi is sepoko-the-ghost-come-back dragging a bloody three legged and sooty cast iron cauldron, over-spilling with our brutal past, peering with his red third eye into this present of fake news. His sePedi and seTswana aphorisms and tongue-twisting proverbs, his yawning alliterations, demanding a price for us to pay, to access the bounty of his divine love that leaves us blushing, clutching the rosary at his blasphemous humour. Our comforts may be hidden elsewhere, but please we must listen to his unnerving, his undeniable truths, and bask in the timelessness, in the seeding-words of Lefifi Tladi. - Vusi Mchunu 30 00 Lefifi Tladi’s writing and spoken word sling piercing wisdoms of “word consciousness” and scalding impatience, through his existential harangues, cracking with literary fireworks and intellectual rigor-the-hammer. He floats above like the Mapungubwe Hill bearded eagle, lending wings to Malopo Spirit, Malombo, Dashiki Poets, Malopoets, Last Poets, Ujebe Masokoane, Ingoapele Madingoane, Lesego Rampolokeng, Kgafela Oa Magogodi, Mutabaruka in Jamaica and Malik in Trinidad. He peers unflinching into the abyss of our hesitant times, testifies to its brutal histories with their shameful, salt-less tears and bewildering predicaments. Lefifi is sepoko-the-ghost-come-back dragging a bloody three legged and sooty cast iron cauldron, over-spilling with our brutal past, peering with his red third eye into this present of fake news. His sePedi and seTswana aphorisms and tongue-twisting proverbs, his yawning alliterations, demanding a price for us to pay, to access the bounty of his divine love that leaves us blushing, clutching the rosary at his blasphemous humour. Our comforts may be hidden elsewhere, but please we must listen to his unnerving, his undeniable truths, and bask in the timelessness, in the seeding-words of Lefifi Tladi. - Vusi Mchunu 20 00 Open Access 01 00 03 02 https://books.ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/10.64449/9780639710587_frontcover.jpg UJ Press 01 URL https://ujpress.uj.ac.za 01 UJ Press 01 Publisher's website: home page https://ujpress.uj.ac.za/ 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/262 Johannesburg 04 01 20251015 Lefifi Tladi 02 WORLD 06 15 9780639895963 WORLD 09 UJ Press 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this product https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/262 29 Publisher's website: download the title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/download/262/1307/6274?inline=1 20 08 20251015 01 urn:uuid:5dab06e7-61dc-4f89-bedd-e9b0a22856a4 03 01 01 thoth-work-id urn:uuid:13c10d41-51f1-406d-9379-04b27465e443 01 thoth-publication-id urn:uuid:5dab06e7-61dc-4f89-bedd-e9b0a22856a4 15 9781920383138 06 10.18820/9781920383237 00 BC 10 01 245 mm 01 24.5 cm 01 9.65 in 02 175 mm 02 17.5 cm 02 6.89 in Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 01 01 Doing Research Revised Edition 1 B01 21 0000-0001-6494-3882 Laetus O.K. Lategan Laetus O.K. Lategan 2 B01 21 0000-0003-3841-4949 Liezel Lues Liezel Lues 40 009xwd568 University of the Free State 3 B01 21 0000-0002-1347-8914 Hesta Friedrich-Nel Hesta Friedrich-Nel 4 A01 21 0000-0002-8169-0909 Alna Beukes Alna Beukes 40 009xwd568 University of the Free State 5 A01 Saretha Brüssow Saretha Brüssow 40 009xwd568 University of the Free State 6 A01 21 0000-0003-0008-0998 Rudi de Lange Rudi de Lange 7 A01 21 0000-0002-4749-6184 Mardi Delport Mardi Delport 8 A01 Anita du Toit Anita du Toit 9 A01 21 0000-0003-1264-4260 Driekie H.R. Hay Driekie H.R. Hay 40 056e9h402 Cape Peninsula University of Technology 10 A01 21 0000-0002-8241-0024 Somarie Holtzhausen Somarie Holtzhausen 40 009xwd568 University of the Free State 11 A01 G. D. Jordaan G. D. Jordaan 12 A01 Gerda Lamprecht Gerda Lamprecht 13 A01 S.R.S. Litheko S.R.S. Litheko 14 A01 21 0000-0003-0047-4209 J.F.R. Lues J.F.R. Lues 15 A01 Hanita Swanepoel Hanita Swanepoel 16 A01 Michèle Truscott Michèle Truscott 17 A01 Cay van der Merwe Cay van der Merwe 18 A01 MA van Deventer MA van Deventer 19 A01 Werner Vermeulen Werner Vermeulen 40 009xwd568 University of the Free State 20 A01 Zelda Uwah Zelda Uwah 01 eng 00 146 03 20 academic integrity 20 academic intergrity 93 GPS 20 Harvard method 20 linguistic style 20 postgraduate supervision 10 REF020000 20 referencing 20 Referencing 20 research 20 research proposal 20 research report 20 Scientific writing 01 06 02 00 This book is written by authors with a passion for research development, with the purpose of giving novice researchers a holistic view of what they will encounter when doing research. 03 00 This book is written by authors with a passion for research development, with the purpose of giving novice researchers a holistic view of what they will encounter when doing research. The interplay between scientific theory, academic research and professional practice is highlighted, as these are considered the cornerstones to be mastered as early as possible in a young researcher’s career. 30 00 This book is written by authors with a passion for research development, with the purpose of giving novice researchers a holistic view of what they will encounter when doing research. The interplay between scientific theory, academic research and professional practice is highlighted, as these are considered the cornerstones to be mastered as early as possible in a young researcher’s career. 04 00 1. Doing Research: Navigating the Process Laetus O.K. Lategan, Hanita Swanepoel, Zelda Uwah 2. What is Postgraduate Supervision about? Laetus O.K. Lategan, Driekie H.R. Hay, Somarie Holtzhausen, G. D. Jordaan, Michèle Truscott, Werner Vermeulen 3. The Research Process Laetus O.K. Lategan, S.R.S. Litheko, Werner Vermeulen 4. Proper Research Proposals Laetus O.K. Lategan, J.F.R. Lues, Werner Vermeulen 5. Empirical Research Cay van der Merwe 6. Principles of Modelling in Research and Design G. D. Jordaan 7. The Quest for Academic Integrity Anita du Toit, Gerda Lamprecht 8. Scientific Writing Laetus O.K. Lategan 9. Writing a Research Report Liezel Lues 10. Some Guiding Principles for Legible Academic Reports Rudi de Lange 11. Matters of Linguistic Style J.F.R. Lues, Michèle Truscott 12. Referencing – The Harvard Method Alna Beukes 13. The Numerical Referencing Method G. D. Jordaan 14. Practical Pointers in Presenting Research Hesta Friedrich-Nel, Saretha Brüssow 15. Verbal & Non-Verbal Communication Skills Mardi Delport, MA van Deventer 16. Quality Assurance of the Research Process Laetus O.K. Lategan, Driekie H.R. Hay, Somarie Holtzhausen, Michèle Truscott, Werner Vermeulen 20 00 Open Access 01 00 03 02 https://books.ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/10.18820/9781920383237_frontcover.jpg SunBonani Scholar 01 URL https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog 01 UJ Press 01 Publisher's website: home page https://ujpress.uj.ac.za/ 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/116 Bloemfontein 04 01 20110101 Laetus O.K. Lategan, Liezel Lues, Hesta Friedrich-Nel 02 WORLD 06 15 9781920383237 WORLD 09 UJ Press 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this product https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/116 29 Publisher's website: download the title https://www.takealot.com/doing-research/PLID45482493 20 08 20110101 02 275.00 ZAR WORLD urn:uuid:3efba566-e753-4e8c-9fd1-7e0591695635 03 01 01 thoth-work-id urn:uuid:13c10d41-51f1-406d-9379-04b27465e443 01 thoth-publication-id urn:uuid:3efba566-e753-4e8c-9fd1-7e0591695635 15 9781920383237 06 10.18820/9781920383237 00 EB E107 10 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 01 01 Doing Research Revised Edition 1 B01 21 0000-0001-6494-3882 Laetus O.K. Lategan Laetus O.K. Lategan 2 B01 21 0000-0003-3841-4949 Liezel Lues Liezel Lues 40 009xwd568 University of the Free State 3 B01 21 0000-0002-1347-8914 Hesta Friedrich-Nel Hesta Friedrich-Nel 4 A01 21 0000-0002-8169-0909 Alna Beukes Alna Beukes 40 009xwd568 University of the Free State 5 A01 Saretha Brüssow Saretha Brüssow 40 009xwd568 University of the Free State 6 A01 21 0000-0003-0008-0998 Rudi de Lange Rudi de Lange 7 A01 21 0000-0002-4749-6184 Mardi Delport Mardi Delport 8 A01 Anita du Toit Anita du Toit 9 A01 21 0000-0003-1264-4260 Driekie H.R. Hay Driekie H.R. Hay 40 056e9h402 Cape Peninsula University of Technology 10 A01 21 0000-0002-8241-0024 Somarie Holtzhausen Somarie Holtzhausen 40 009xwd568 University of the Free State 11 A01 G. D. Jordaan G. D. Jordaan 12 A01 Gerda Lamprecht Gerda Lamprecht 13 A01 S.R.S. Litheko S.R.S. Litheko 14 A01 21 0000-0003-0047-4209 J.F.R. Lues J.F.R. Lues 15 A01 Hanita Swanepoel Hanita Swanepoel 16 A01 Michèle Truscott Michèle Truscott 17 A01 Cay van der Merwe Cay van der Merwe 18 A01 MA van Deventer MA van Deventer 19 A01 Werner Vermeulen Werner Vermeulen 40 009xwd568 University of the Free State 20 A01 Zelda Uwah Zelda Uwah 01 eng 00 146 03 20 academic integrity 20 academic intergrity 93 GPS 20 Harvard method 20 linguistic style 20 postgraduate supervision 10 REF020000 20 referencing 20 Referencing 20 research 20 research proposal 20 research report 20 Scientific writing 01 06 02 00 This book is written by authors with a passion for research development, with the purpose of giving novice researchers a holistic view of what they will encounter when doing research. 03 00 This book is written by authors with a passion for research development, with the purpose of giving novice researchers a holistic view of what they will encounter when doing research. The interplay between scientific theory, academic research and professional practice is highlighted, as these are considered the cornerstones to be mastered as early as possible in a young researcher’s career. 30 00 This book is written by authors with a passion for research development, with the purpose of giving novice researchers a holistic view of what they will encounter when doing research. The interplay between scientific theory, academic research and professional practice is highlighted, as these are considered the cornerstones to be mastered as early as possible in a young researcher’s career. 04 00 1. Doing Research: Navigating the Process Laetus O.K. Lategan, Hanita Swanepoel, Zelda Uwah 2. What is Postgraduate Supervision about? Laetus O.K. Lategan, Driekie H.R. Hay, Somarie Holtzhausen, G. D. Jordaan, Michèle Truscott, Werner Vermeulen 3. The Research Process Laetus O.K. Lategan, S.R.S. Litheko, Werner Vermeulen 4. Proper Research Proposals Laetus O.K. Lategan, J.F.R. Lues, Werner Vermeulen 5. Empirical Research Cay van der Merwe 6. Principles of Modelling in Research and Design G. D. Jordaan 7. The Quest for Academic Integrity Anita du Toit, Gerda Lamprecht 8. Scientific Writing Laetus O.K. Lategan 9. Writing a Research Report Liezel Lues 10. Some Guiding Principles for Legible Academic Reports Rudi de Lange 11. Matters of Linguistic Style J.F.R. Lues, Michèle Truscott 12. Referencing – The Harvard Method Alna Beukes 13. The Numerical Referencing Method G. D. Jordaan 14. Practical Pointers in Presenting Research Hesta Friedrich-Nel, Saretha Brüssow 15. Verbal & Non-Verbal Communication Skills Mardi Delport, MA van Deventer 16. Quality Assurance of the Research Process Laetus O.K. Lategan, Driekie H.R. Hay, Somarie Holtzhausen, Michèle Truscott, Werner Vermeulen 20 00 Open Access 01 00 03 02 https://books.ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/10.18820/9781920383237_frontcover.jpg SunBonani Scholar 01 URL https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog 01 UJ Press 01 Publisher's website: home page https://ujpress.uj.ac.za/ 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/116 Bloemfontein 04 01 20110101 Laetus O.K. Lategan, Liezel Lues, Hesta Friedrich-Nel 02 WORLD 06 15 9781920383138 WORLD 09 UJ Press 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this product https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/116 29 Publisher's website: download the title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/view/116/422/1384 20 08 20110101 01 11 THOTH 36 THOTH: webpage for this product https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/116 29 THOTH: download the title https://books.ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/10.18820/9781920383237.pdf 20 08 20110101 01 urn:uuid:4568dea6-2f6e-40c6-b2bb-46e8181d042d 03 01 01 thoth-work-id urn:uuid:4528ec8a-50a4-4cb1-96db-1abd7bfa27db 01 thoth-publication-id urn:uuid:4568dea6-2f6e-40c6-b2bb-46e8181d042d 15 9781928424086 06 10.18820/9781928424093 00 BC 10 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 01 01 Engaging Students Using Evidence to Promote Student Success 1 B01 21 0000-0002-4338-8127 Francois Strydom Francois Strydom 40 009xwd568 University of the Free State Director: Centre for Teaching and Learning 01 eng 20 Academic achievement 20 Academic advising 20 Academic advisors 20 Academic challenge 20 Academic Development 20 Academic Literacy 20 Academic Performance 20 Academics 20 Academic Staff 20 Academic Support 20 Actionable 20 Active Learning 20 Agency 20 Aggregated 20 Analyse 20 Apply 20 Ask questions 20 Assessment Attitude 93 JNM 01 06 02 00 The book provides a rich, informative picture of the current state of student engagement evaluation, while also highlighting challenges and opportunities for future advances. 03 00 The book provides a rich, informative picture of the current state of student engagement evaluation, while also highlighting challenges and opportunities for future advances. A particular strength of this publication is its emphasis on the importance of taking evidence-based decisions, and showing how the South African Survey of Student Engagement (SASSE) can provide the evidence for well-informed changes in policy and practice in order to enhance student success." - Prof Magda Fourie-Malherbe, Stellenbosch University 30 00 The book provides a rich, informative picture of the current state of student engagement evaluation, while also highlighting challenges and opportunities for future advances. A particular strength of this publication is its emphasis on the importance of taking evidence-based decisions, and showing how the South African Survey of Student Engagement (SASSE) can provide the evidence for well-informed changes in policy and practice in order to enhance student success." - Prof Magda Fourie-Malherbe, Stellenbosch University 04 00 1. Student engagement A key to success Francois Strydom 2. Developing a systemic understanding of the student experience Francois Strydom, Cheryl Foxcroft 3. Understanding and supporting students entering higher education Michael Henn, Lana Hen-Boisen, Hanlé Posthumus 4. Building academic capacity through student engagement Francois Strydom, Lana Hen-Boisen, Nan Yeld 5. Developing South African high-impact practices Sonja Loots, Jillian Kinzie, Annél Oosthuysen 6. Leveraging student engagement evidence for institutional change and improvement Hamish Coates, Ali Radloff 7. The role of student affairs in student engagement and learning Vasti Torres, Matete Madiba 8. The role of institutional leadership in advancing student engagement George Kuh, Paul Lingenfelter 9. Promoting pedagogical practices that matter Francois Strydom, Sonja Loots, Jillian Kinzie 10. Using engagement data for change and empowerment at course level Francois Strydom, Lana Hen-Boisen 11. Student engagement in South African higher education: Taking stock and moving forward Francois Strydom, George Kuh, Sonja Loots 20 00 Open Access 01 00 03 02 https://books.ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/10.18820/9781928424093_frontcover.jpg SunBonani Scholar 01 URL https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog 01 UJ Press 01 Publisher's website: home page https://ujpress.uj.ac.za/ 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/40 Bloemfontein 04 01 20171101 Francois Strydom, George Kuh, Sonja Loots; Cheryl Foxcroft, Michael Henn, Lana Hen-Boisen, Hanlé Posthumus, Nan Yeld, Jillian Kinzie, Annél Oosthuysen, Hamish Coates, Ali Radloff, Vasti Torres, Matete Madiba, Paul Lingenfelter 02 WORLD WORLD 09 UJ Press 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this product https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/40 20 08 20171101 01 urn:uuid:80446313-4247-4816-a78f-a2bbd8adee6a 03 01 01 thoth-work-id urn:uuid:316fa52c-e113-4b55-8a60-be01e17d68f2 01 thoth-publication-id urn:uuid:80446313-4247-4816-a78f-a2bbd8adee6a 15 9781928424505 06 10.18820/9781928424512 00 BC 10 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 01 01 Engaging the fourth industrial revolution Perspectives from theology, philosophy and education 1 B01 21 0000-0002-7261-6942 Jan-Albert van den Bergh Jan-Albert van den Bergh 40 009xwd568 University of the Free State Faculty of Theology 2 A01 21 0000-0003-0542-7401 Louis Fourie Louis Fourie 40 009xwd568 University of the Free State Research Fellow of the Department of Practical and Missional TheologyFaculty of Theology and Religion 3 A01 21 0000-0003-3395-1497 Ruard Ganzevoort Ruard Ganzevoort Professor of Practical Theology and DeanFaculty of Religion and Theology 4 A01 21 0000-0001-9465-7158 Nicolaas Matthee Nicolaas Matthee 40 05bk57929 Stellenbosch University Research Associate in the Department of Practical TheologyFaculty of Theology 5 A01 21 0000-0001-8110-1636 Marilyn Naidoo Marilyn Naidoo 40 048cwvf49 University of South Africa Professor of Practical TheologyDepartment of Philosophy, Practical and Systematic Theology 6 A01 21 0000-0003-0007-8564 Ian Nell Ian Nell 40 05bk57929 Stellenbosch University Professor of Practical TheologyFaculty of Theology 7 A01 21 0000-0001-8873-6052 Heinrich Prinsloo Heinrich Prinsloo 40 010f1sq29 North-West University Instructional DesignerCentre for Teaching and Learning 8 A01 21 0000-0002-3578-391X Johann Rossouw Johann Rossouw 40 009xwd568 University of the Free State Professor of Philosophy 9 A01 21 0000-0002-4338-8127 Francois Strydom Francois Strydom 40 009xwd568 University of the Free State Senior DirectorCentre for Teaching and Learning 10 A01 21 0000-0002-2241-5448 Anton van Niekerk Anton van Niekerk 40 05bk57929 Stellenbosch University Distinguished Professor of PhilosophyDirector of the Centre for Applied Ethics 11 A01 21 0000-0002-8734-2171 Danie Veldsman Danie Veldsman 40 00g0p6g84 University of Pretoria HeadDepartment of Systematic and Historical Theology 12 A01 21 0000-0002-1054-4007 Rian Venter Rian Venter 40 009xwd568 University of the Free State HeadDepartment of Historical and Constructive Theology 13 A01 Cas Wepener Cas Wepener 40 05bk57929 Stellenbosch University ProfessorPractical Theology, specialising in Liturgy and Homiletics 01 eng 00 251 03 10 REL102000 01 06 02 00 Some of the studies in this publication excavate lost or disappearing indigenous toponyms. Those researchers contribute in a very concrete way to the preservation of indigenous toponyms, and thereby also the associated cultural heritage. 03 00 Some of the studies in this publication excavate lost or disappearing indigenous toponyms. Those researchers contribute in a very concrete way to the preservation of indigenous toponyms, and thereby also the associated cultural heritage. The other papers explore how place naming functions as a mechanism with which to create mental maps and exert socio-political power. 30 00 Some of the studies in this publication excavate lost or disappearing indigenous toponyms. Those researchers contribute in a very concrete way to the preservation of indigenous toponyms, and thereby also the associated cultural heritage. The other papers explore how place naming functions as a mechanism with which to create mental maps and exert socio-political power. 04 00 Introduction Engaging the Fourth Industrial Revolution: Perspectives from Theology, Philosophy and Education Jan-Albert van den Bergh 1. Technology and Theology Finding the real God Louis Fourie 2. Close encounters of the fourth kind A Theological essay about new technologies Ruard Ganzevoort 3. Theologising emerging technologies? Rian Venter 4. The “Fourth Industrial Revolution”: A case of South African techno-messianism Johann Rossouw 5. From Harari to Harare On mapping and theologically relating the Fourth Industrial Revolution with human distinctiveness Danie Veldsman 6. What is the shape of future ethics? Anton van Niekerk 7. Towards transforming university pedagogy and curricula for the Fourth Industrial Revolution Heinrich Prinsloo, Francois Strydom 8. Embracing the Fourth Industrial Revolution Adaptive changes for sustainable distance theological education Marilyn Naidoo 9. Religious leadership and the Fourth Industrial Revolution Towards a competency framework Ian Nell 10. The impact of emerging technologies on liturgical practices A thanatechnological exploration Nicolaas Matthee, Cas Wepener 20 00 Open Access 01 00 03 02 https://books.ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/10.18820/9781928424512_frontcover.jpg SunBonani Scholar 01 URL https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog 01 UJ Press 01 Publisher's website: home page https://ujpress.uj.ac.za/ 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/48 Bloemfontein 04 01 20220211 Jan-Albert van den Bergh 02 WORLD 06 15 9781928424512 WORLD 09 UJ Press 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this product https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/48 29 Publisher's website: download the title https://www.takealot.com/engaging-the-fourth-industrial-revolution-volume-3/PLID71786079 20 08 20220211 02 395.00 ZAR WORLD urn:uuid:d96f32e1-addc-4608-bfae-5d5e7253221b 03 01 01 thoth-work-id urn:uuid:316fa52c-e113-4b55-8a60-be01e17d68f2 01 thoth-publication-id urn:uuid:d96f32e1-addc-4608-bfae-5d5e7253221b 15 9781928424512 06 10.18820/9781928424512 00 EB E107 10 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 01 01 Engaging the fourth industrial revolution Perspectives from theology, philosophy and education 1 B01 21 0000-0002-7261-6942 Jan-Albert van den Bergh Jan-Albert van den Bergh 40 009xwd568 University of the Free State Faculty of Theology 2 A01 21 0000-0003-0542-7401 Louis Fourie Louis Fourie 40 009xwd568 University of the Free State Research Fellow of the Department of Practical and Missional TheologyFaculty of Theology and Religion 3 A01 21 0000-0003-3395-1497 Ruard Ganzevoort Ruard Ganzevoort Professor of Practical Theology and DeanFaculty of Religion and Theology 4 A01 21 0000-0001-9465-7158 Nicolaas Matthee Nicolaas Matthee 40 05bk57929 Stellenbosch University Research Associate in the Department of Practical TheologyFaculty of Theology 5 A01 21 0000-0001-8110-1636 Marilyn Naidoo Marilyn Naidoo 40 048cwvf49 University of South Africa Professor of Practical TheologyDepartment of Philosophy, Practical and Systematic Theology 6 A01 21 0000-0003-0007-8564 Ian Nell Ian Nell 40 05bk57929 Stellenbosch University Professor of Practical TheologyFaculty of Theology 7 A01 21 0000-0001-8873-6052 Heinrich Prinsloo Heinrich Prinsloo 40 010f1sq29 North-West University Instructional DesignerCentre for Teaching and Learning 8 A01 21 0000-0002-3578-391X Johann Rossouw Johann Rossouw 40 009xwd568 University of the Free State Professor of Philosophy 9 A01 21 0000-0002-4338-8127 Francois Strydom Francois Strydom 40 009xwd568 University of the Free State Senior DirectorCentre for Teaching and Learning 10 A01 21 0000-0002-2241-5448 Anton van Niekerk Anton van Niekerk 40 05bk57929 Stellenbosch University Distinguished Professor of PhilosophyDirector of the Centre for Applied Ethics 11 A01 21 0000-0002-8734-2171 Danie Veldsman Danie Veldsman 40 00g0p6g84 University of Pretoria HeadDepartment of Systematic and Historical Theology 12 A01 21 0000-0002-1054-4007 Rian Venter Rian Venter 40 009xwd568 University of the Free State HeadDepartment of Historical and Constructive Theology 13 A01 Cas Wepener Cas Wepener 40 05bk57929 Stellenbosch University ProfessorPractical Theology, specialising in Liturgy and Homiletics 01 eng 00 251 03 10 REL102000 01 06 02 00 Some of the studies in this publication excavate lost or disappearing indigenous toponyms. Those researchers contribute in a very concrete way to the preservation of indigenous toponyms, and thereby also the associated cultural heritage. 03 00 Some of the studies in this publication excavate lost or disappearing indigenous toponyms. Those researchers contribute in a very concrete way to the preservation of indigenous toponyms, and thereby also the associated cultural heritage. The other papers explore how place naming functions as a mechanism with which to create mental maps and exert socio-political power. 30 00 Some of the studies in this publication excavate lost or disappearing indigenous toponyms. Those researchers contribute in a very concrete way to the preservation of indigenous toponyms, and thereby also the associated cultural heritage. The other papers explore how place naming functions as a mechanism with which to create mental maps and exert socio-political power. 04 00 Introduction Engaging the Fourth Industrial Revolution: Perspectives from Theology, Philosophy and Education Jan-Albert van den Bergh 1. Technology and Theology Finding the real God Louis Fourie 2. Close encounters of the fourth kind A Theological essay about new technologies Ruard Ganzevoort 3. Theologising emerging technologies? Rian Venter 4. The “Fourth Industrial Revolution”: A case of South African techno-messianism Johann Rossouw 5. From Harari to Harare On mapping and theologically relating the Fourth Industrial Revolution with human distinctiveness Danie Veldsman 6. What is the shape of future ethics? Anton van Niekerk 7. Towards transforming university pedagogy and curricula for the Fourth Industrial Revolution Heinrich Prinsloo, Francois Strydom 8. Embracing the Fourth Industrial Revolution Adaptive changes for sustainable distance theological education Marilyn Naidoo 9. Religious leadership and the Fourth Industrial Revolution Towards a competency framework Ian Nell 10. The impact of emerging technologies on liturgical practices A thanatechnological exploration Nicolaas Matthee, Cas Wepener 20 00 Open Access 01 00 03 02 https://books.ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/10.18820/9781928424512_frontcover.jpg SunBonani Scholar 01 URL https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog 01 UJ Press 01 Publisher's website: home page https://ujpress.uj.ac.za/ 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/48 Bloemfontein 04 01 20220211 Jan-Albert van den Bergh 02 WORLD 06 15 9781928424505 WORLD 11 OAPEN 36 OAPEN: webpage for this product https://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/59092 29 OAPEN: download the title https://library.oapen.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.12657/59092/9781928424512.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y 20 08 20220211 01 11 DOAB 36 DOAB: webpage for this product https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/93303 20 08 20220211 01 09 UJ Press 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this product https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/48 29 Publisher's website: download the title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/view/48/92/292 20 08 20220211 01 11 THOTH 36 THOTH: webpage for this product https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/48 29 THOTH: download the title https://books.ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/10.18820/9781928424512.pdf 20 08 20220211 01 urn:uuid:787ed590-e026-46f8-bf23-308659cc60c5 03 01 01 thoth-work-id urn:uuid:18f67a9d-a6bc-4521-8ee2-a782b881d0b6 01 thoth-publication-id urn:uuid:787ed590-e026-46f8-bf23-308659cc60c5 15 9781997468424 06 10.64449/9781997468431 00 BC 10 01 229 mm 01 22.9 cm 01 9.02 in 02 153 mm 02 15.3 cm 02 6.02 in 03 24 mm 03 2.4 cm 03 0.94 in Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 01 01 1985 The Langa Massacre and the Ending of White Rule in South Africa 1 A01 Mark Swilling Mark Swilling 40 05bk57929 Stellenbosch University 01 eng 00 440 03 93 1HFMS 20 Apartheid 10 HIS047000 20 Langa Massacre 93 NHTX 10 SOC026000 20 South Africa 20 White Rule 01 06 02 00 As more authoritarian populist regimes emerge across the developed and developing world, many oppositional democratic movements are debating how best to resist these increasingly violent and racist regimes. Many democratic activists are searching for lessons learnt from similar historical contexts. South Africa in the 1980s is a perfect case in poi 03 00 As more authoritarian populist regimes emerge across the developed and developing world, many oppositional democratic movements are debating how best to resist these increasingly violent and racist regimes. Many democratic activists are searching for lessons learnt from similar historical contexts. South Africa in the 1980s is a perfect case in point. Dominated by a militarised authoritarian racist regime, the democratic movements of the time that represented the aspirations of the black majority needed to find ways to organise mass resistance, but also to negotiate democratic alternatives at the local and national levels. The end result was a democratic transition that resulted in the negotiated dismantling of the authoritarian apartheid state without a prolonged civil war. Whereas the mass shootings at Sharpeville in 1960 resulted in the balance of forces shifting decisively in favour of the regime as leaders were jailed and resistance movements banned, 1985 was the year that the tide turned in favour of the mass democratic movement. Four years later, Nelson Mandela was released from prison and four years after that the first non-racial democratic elections took place. The decisive event that marked the turning point was the massacre, on Sharpeville Day, of 31 peaceful protestors on the dusty streets of Langa township in the Eastern Cape town of Uitenhage. This book tells the story of this massacre, including the events that led up to the massacre and then what followed in Uitenhage and nationally. Taken together, it was these events that decisively tipped the balance of forces in favour of the mass democratic movement. They were largely driven by mass actions from below from within South Africa’s communities, schools and workplaces. As splits in the white power bloc opened up, so international solidarity via sanctions weakened the regime thus paving the way for an internally negotiated democratic transition. Through the lens of the story of Uitenhage’s local struggles, a story is told with many lessons for democratic movements fighting similar battles around the world. 30 00 As more authoritarian populist regimes emerge across the developed and developing world, many oppositional democratic movements are debating how best to resist these increasingly violent and racist regimes. Many democratic activists are searching for lessons learnt from similar historical contexts. South Africa in the 1980s is a perfect case in point. Dominated by a militarised authoritarian racist regime, the democratic movements of the time that represented the aspirations of the black majority needed to find ways to organise mass resistance, but also to negotiate democratic alternatives at the local and national levels. The end result was a democratic transition that resulted in the negotiated dismantling of the authoritarian apartheid state without a prolonged civil war. Whereas the mass shootings at Sharpeville in 1960 resulted in the balance of forces shifting decisively in favour of the regime as leaders were jailed and resistance movements banned, 1985 was the year that the tide turned in favour of the mass democratic movement. Four years later, Nelson Mandela was released from prison and four years after that the first non-racial democratic elections took place. The decisive event that marked the turning point was the massacre, on Sharpeville Day, of 31 peaceful protestors on the dusty streets of Langa township in the Eastern Cape town of Uitenhage. This book tells the story of this massacre, including the events that led up to the massacre and then what followed in Uitenhage and nationally. Taken together, it was these events that decisively tipped the balance of forces in favour of the mass democratic movement. They were largely driven by mass actions from below from within South Africa’s communities, schools and workplaces. As splits in the white power bloc opened up, so international solidarity via sanctions weakened the regime thus paving the way for an internally negotiated democratic transition. Through the lens of the story of Uitenhage’s local struggles, a story is told with many lessons for democratic movements fighting similar battles around the world. 04 00 Introduction Why this Story Needs to be Told Chapter 1 The Story of a Bicycle: 21 March 1985 Chapter 2 Weeks of Rage and the Necklace Murders Chapter 3 Rise and Fall of an Industrial Entrepot: Port Elizabeth – Uitenhage, 1804-1985 Chapter 4 Urbanisation, Local Politics and the Re-Making of Langa Chapter 5 Popular Organisation in the Port Elizabeth-Uitenhage Region, with Special Reference to Uitenhage Chapter 6 Lead-Up to a Massacre: State, Community and the Politics of Township Conflict, November 1984-March 1985 Chapter 7 “Because your Yard is too Big”: The Politics of Squatter Struggles Chapter 8 Beyond Ungovernability: People’s Power and Negotiations Chapter 9 Last Stand of White Power: Forced Removals and the Return to State Violence Chapter 10 On Ending Urban Apartheid: Return to Langa Concluding Refections on 1985 What it Takes to Resist an Authoritarian Regime 20 00 Open Access 01 00 03 02 https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/$$$call$$$/submission/cover/cover?submissionId=340&random=34069859b3ff273e UJ Press 01 URL https://ujpress.uj.ac.za 01 UJ Press 01 Publisher's website: home page https://ujpress.uj.ac.za/ 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/340 Johannesburg 04 01 20251125 Mark Swilling 02 WORLD 06 15 9781997468431 06 15 9781997468455 06 15 9781997468448 WORLD 09 UJ Press 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this product https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/340 20 08 20251125 01 urn:uuid:58e7c66b-94dc-4315-85d3-98c08839290b 03 01 01 thoth-work-id urn:uuid:18f67a9d-a6bc-4521-8ee2-a782b881d0b6 01 thoth-publication-id urn:uuid:58e7c66b-94dc-4315-85d3-98c08839290b 15 9781997468431 06 10.64449/9781997468431 00 EB E107 10 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 01 01 1985 The Langa Massacre and the Ending of White Rule in South Africa 1 A01 Mark Swilling Mark Swilling 40 05bk57929 Stellenbosch University 01 eng 00 440 03 93 1HFMS 20 Apartheid 10 HIS047000 20 Langa Massacre 93 NHTX 10 SOC026000 20 South Africa 20 White Rule 01 06 02 00 As more authoritarian populist regimes emerge across the developed and developing world, many oppositional democratic movements are debating how best to resist these increasingly violent and racist regimes. Many democratic activists are searching for lessons learnt from similar historical contexts. South Africa in the 1980s is a perfect case in poi 03 00 As more authoritarian populist regimes emerge across the developed and developing world, many oppositional democratic movements are debating how best to resist these increasingly violent and racist regimes. Many democratic activists are searching for lessons learnt from similar historical contexts. South Africa in the 1980s is a perfect case in point. Dominated by a militarised authoritarian racist regime, the democratic movements of the time that represented the aspirations of the black majority needed to find ways to organise mass resistance, but also to negotiate democratic alternatives at the local and national levels. The end result was a democratic transition that resulted in the negotiated dismantling of the authoritarian apartheid state without a prolonged civil war. Whereas the mass shootings at Sharpeville in 1960 resulted in the balance of forces shifting decisively in favour of the regime as leaders were jailed and resistance movements banned, 1985 was the year that the tide turned in favour of the mass democratic movement. Four years later, Nelson Mandela was released from prison and four years after that the first non-racial democratic elections took place. The decisive event that marked the turning point was the massacre, on Sharpeville Day, of 31 peaceful protestors on the dusty streets of Langa township in the Eastern Cape town of Uitenhage. This book tells the story of this massacre, including the events that led up to the massacre and then what followed in Uitenhage and nationally. Taken together, it was these events that decisively tipped the balance of forces in favour of the mass democratic movement. They were largely driven by mass actions from below from within South Africa’s communities, schools and workplaces. As splits in the white power bloc opened up, so international solidarity via sanctions weakened the regime thus paving the way for an internally negotiated democratic transition. Through the lens of the story of Uitenhage’s local struggles, a story is told with many lessons for democratic movements fighting similar battles around the world. 30 00 As more authoritarian populist regimes emerge across the developed and developing world, many oppositional democratic movements are debating how best to resist these increasingly violent and racist regimes. Many democratic activists are searching for lessons learnt from similar historical contexts. South Africa in the 1980s is a perfect case in point. Dominated by a militarised authoritarian racist regime, the democratic movements of the time that represented the aspirations of the black majority needed to find ways to organise mass resistance, but also to negotiate democratic alternatives at the local and national levels. The end result was a democratic transition that resulted in the negotiated dismantling of the authoritarian apartheid state without a prolonged civil war. Whereas the mass shootings at Sharpeville in 1960 resulted in the balance of forces shifting decisively in favour of the regime as leaders were jailed and resistance movements banned, 1985 was the year that the tide turned in favour of the mass democratic movement. Four years later, Nelson Mandela was released from prison and four years after that the first non-racial democratic elections took place. The decisive event that marked the turning point was the massacre, on Sharpeville Day, of 31 peaceful protestors on the dusty streets of Langa township in the Eastern Cape town of Uitenhage. This book tells the story of this massacre, including the events that led up to the massacre and then what followed in Uitenhage and nationally. Taken together, it was these events that decisively tipped the balance of forces in favour of the mass democratic movement. They were largely driven by mass actions from below from within South Africa’s communities, schools and workplaces. As splits in the white power bloc opened up, so international solidarity via sanctions weakened the regime thus paving the way for an internally negotiated democratic transition. Through the lens of the story of Uitenhage’s local struggles, a story is told with many lessons for democratic movements fighting similar battles around the world. 04 00 Introduction Why this Story Needs to be Told Chapter 1 The Story of a Bicycle: 21 March 1985 Chapter 2 Weeks of Rage and the Necklace Murders Chapter 3 Rise and Fall of an Industrial Entrepot: Port Elizabeth – Uitenhage, 1804-1985 Chapter 4 Urbanisation, Local Politics and the Re-Making of Langa Chapter 5 Popular Organisation in the Port Elizabeth-Uitenhage Region, with Special Reference to Uitenhage Chapter 6 Lead-Up to a Massacre: State, Community and the Politics of Township Conflict, November 1984-March 1985 Chapter 7 “Because your Yard is too Big”: The Politics of Squatter Struggles Chapter 8 Beyond Ungovernability: People’s Power and Negotiations Chapter 9 Last Stand of White Power: Forced Removals and the Return to State Violence Chapter 10 On Ending Urban Apartheid: Return to Langa Concluding Refections on 1985 What it Takes to Resist an Authoritarian Regime 20 00 Open Access 01 00 03 02 https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/$$$call$$$/submission/cover/cover?submissionId=340&random=34069859b3ff273e UJ Press 01 URL https://ujpress.uj.ac.za 01 UJ Press 01 Publisher's website: home page https://ujpress.uj.ac.za/ 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/340 Johannesburg 04 01 20251125 Mark Swilling 02 WORLD 06 15 9781997468424 06 15 9781997468455 06 15 9781997468448 WORLD 09 UJ Press 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this product https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/340 29 Publisher's website: download the title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/$$$call$$$/api/file/file-api/download-file?submissionFileId=6239&submissionId=340&stageId=5 20 08 20251125 01 urn:uuid:9007c4a1-94e0-43f3-89ac-c7b4498749c7 03 01 01 thoth-work-id urn:uuid:18f67a9d-a6bc-4521-8ee2-a782b881d0b6 01 thoth-publication-id urn:uuid:9007c4a1-94e0-43f3-89ac-c7b4498749c7 15 9781997468455 06 10.64449/9781997468431 00 EB E113 10 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 01 01 1985 The Langa Massacre and the Ending of White Rule in South Africa 1 A01 Mark Swilling Mark Swilling 40 05bk57929 Stellenbosch University 01 eng 00 440 03 93 1HFMS 20 Apartheid 10 HIS047000 20 Langa Massacre 93 NHTX 10 SOC026000 20 South Africa 20 White Rule 01 06 02 00 As more authoritarian populist regimes emerge across the developed and developing world, many oppositional democratic movements are debating how best to resist these increasingly violent and racist regimes. Many democratic activists are searching for lessons learnt from similar historical contexts. South Africa in the 1980s is a perfect case in poi 03 00 As more authoritarian populist regimes emerge across the developed and developing world, many oppositional democratic movements are debating how best to resist these increasingly violent and racist regimes. Many democratic activists are searching for lessons learnt from similar historical contexts. South Africa in the 1980s is a perfect case in point. Dominated by a militarised authoritarian racist regime, the democratic movements of the time that represented the aspirations of the black majority needed to find ways to organise mass resistance, but also to negotiate democratic alternatives at the local and national levels. The end result was a democratic transition that resulted in the negotiated dismantling of the authoritarian apartheid state without a prolonged civil war. Whereas the mass shootings at Sharpeville in 1960 resulted in the balance of forces shifting decisively in favour of the regime as leaders were jailed and resistance movements banned, 1985 was the year that the tide turned in favour of the mass democratic movement. Four years later, Nelson Mandela was released from prison and four years after that the first non-racial democratic elections took place. The decisive event that marked the turning point was the massacre, on Sharpeville Day, of 31 peaceful protestors on the dusty streets of Langa township in the Eastern Cape town of Uitenhage. This book tells the story of this massacre, including the events that led up to the massacre and then what followed in Uitenhage and nationally. Taken together, it was these events that decisively tipped the balance of forces in favour of the mass democratic movement. They were largely driven by mass actions from below from within South Africa’s communities, schools and workplaces. As splits in the white power bloc opened up, so international solidarity via sanctions weakened the regime thus paving the way for an internally negotiated democratic transition. Through the lens of the story of Uitenhage’s local struggles, a story is told with many lessons for democratic movements fighting similar battles around the world. 30 00 As more authoritarian populist regimes emerge across the developed and developing world, many oppositional democratic movements are debating how best to resist these increasingly violent and racist regimes. Many democratic activists are searching for lessons learnt from similar historical contexts. South Africa in the 1980s is a perfect case in point. Dominated by a militarised authoritarian racist regime, the democratic movements of the time that represented the aspirations of the black majority needed to find ways to organise mass resistance, but also to negotiate democratic alternatives at the local and national levels. The end result was a democratic transition that resulted in the negotiated dismantling of the authoritarian apartheid state without a prolonged civil war. Whereas the mass shootings at Sharpeville in 1960 resulted in the balance of forces shifting decisively in favour of the regime as leaders were jailed and resistance movements banned, 1985 was the year that the tide turned in favour of the mass democratic movement. Four years later, Nelson Mandela was released from prison and four years after that the first non-racial democratic elections took place. The decisive event that marked the turning point was the massacre, on Sharpeville Day, of 31 peaceful protestors on the dusty streets of Langa township in the Eastern Cape town of Uitenhage. This book tells the story of this massacre, including the events that led up to the massacre and then what followed in Uitenhage and nationally. Taken together, it was these events that decisively tipped the balance of forces in favour of the mass democratic movement. They were largely driven by mass actions from below from within South Africa’s communities, schools and workplaces. As splits in the white power bloc opened up, so international solidarity via sanctions weakened the regime thus paving the way for an internally negotiated democratic transition. Through the lens of the story of Uitenhage’s local struggles, a story is told with many lessons for democratic movements fighting similar battles around the world. 04 00 Introduction Why this Story Needs to be Told Chapter 1 The Story of a Bicycle: 21 March 1985 Chapter 2 Weeks of Rage and the Necklace Murders Chapter 3 Rise and Fall of an Industrial Entrepot: Port Elizabeth – Uitenhage, 1804-1985 Chapter 4 Urbanisation, Local Politics and the Re-Making of Langa Chapter 5 Popular Organisation in the Port Elizabeth-Uitenhage Region, with Special Reference to Uitenhage Chapter 6 Lead-Up to a Massacre: State, Community and the Politics of Township Conflict, November 1984-March 1985 Chapter 7 “Because your Yard is too Big”: The Politics of Squatter Struggles Chapter 8 Beyond Ungovernability: People’s Power and Negotiations Chapter 9 Last Stand of White Power: Forced Removals and the Return to State Violence Chapter 10 On Ending Urban Apartheid: Return to Langa Concluding Refections on 1985 What it Takes to Resist an Authoritarian Regime 20 00 Open Access 01 00 03 02 https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/$$$call$$$/submission/cover/cover?submissionId=340&random=34069859b3ff273e UJ Press 01 URL https://ujpress.uj.ac.za 01 UJ Press 01 Publisher's website: home page https://ujpress.uj.ac.za/ 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/340 Johannesburg 04 01 20251125 Mark Swilling 02 WORLD 06 15 9781997468424 06 15 9781997468431 06 15 9781997468448 WORLD 09 UJ Press 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this product https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/340 29 Publisher's website: download the title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/$$$call$$$/api/file/file-api/download-file?submissionFileId=6241&submissionId=340&stageId=5 20 08 20251125 01 urn:uuid:bd8218b6-1e94-4888-962a-a4984f14a87f 03 01 01 thoth-work-id urn:uuid:18f67a9d-a6bc-4521-8ee2-a782b881d0b6 01 thoth-publication-id urn:uuid:bd8218b6-1e94-4888-962a-a4984f14a87f 15 9781997468448 06 10.64449/9781997468431 00 EB E101 10 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 01 01 1985 The Langa Massacre and the Ending of White Rule in South Africa 1 A01 Mark Swilling Mark Swilling 40 05bk57929 Stellenbosch University 01 eng 00 440 03 93 1HFMS 20 Apartheid 10 HIS047000 20 Langa Massacre 93 NHTX 10 SOC026000 20 South Africa 20 White Rule 01 06 02 00 As more authoritarian populist regimes emerge across the developed and developing world, many oppositional democratic movements are debating how best to resist these increasingly violent and racist regimes. Many democratic activists are searching for lessons learnt from similar historical contexts. South Africa in the 1980s is a perfect case in poi 03 00 As more authoritarian populist regimes emerge across the developed and developing world, many oppositional democratic movements are debating how best to resist these increasingly violent and racist regimes. Many democratic activists are searching for lessons learnt from similar historical contexts. South Africa in the 1980s is a perfect case in point. Dominated by a militarised authoritarian racist regime, the democratic movements of the time that represented the aspirations of the black majority needed to find ways to organise mass resistance, but also to negotiate democratic alternatives at the local and national levels. The end result was a democratic transition that resulted in the negotiated dismantling of the authoritarian apartheid state without a prolonged civil war. Whereas the mass shootings at Sharpeville in 1960 resulted in the balance of forces shifting decisively in favour of the regime as leaders were jailed and resistance movements banned, 1985 was the year that the tide turned in favour of the mass democratic movement. Four years later, Nelson Mandela was released from prison and four years after that the first non-racial democratic elections took place. The decisive event that marked the turning point was the massacre, on Sharpeville Day, of 31 peaceful protestors on the dusty streets of Langa township in the Eastern Cape town of Uitenhage. This book tells the story of this massacre, including the events that led up to the massacre and then what followed in Uitenhage and nationally. Taken together, it was these events that decisively tipped the balance of forces in favour of the mass democratic movement. They were largely driven by mass actions from below from within South Africa’s communities, schools and workplaces. As splits in the white power bloc opened up, so international solidarity via sanctions weakened the regime thus paving the way for an internally negotiated democratic transition. Through the lens of the story of Uitenhage’s local struggles, a story is told with many lessons for democratic movements fighting similar battles around the world. 30 00 As more authoritarian populist regimes emerge across the developed and developing world, many oppositional democratic movements are debating how best to resist these increasingly violent and racist regimes. Many democratic activists are searching for lessons learnt from similar historical contexts. South Africa in the 1980s is a perfect case in point. Dominated by a militarised authoritarian racist regime, the democratic movements of the time that represented the aspirations of the black majority needed to find ways to organise mass resistance, but also to negotiate democratic alternatives at the local and national levels. The end result was a democratic transition that resulted in the negotiated dismantling of the authoritarian apartheid state without a prolonged civil war. Whereas the mass shootings at Sharpeville in 1960 resulted in the balance of forces shifting decisively in favour of the regime as leaders were jailed and resistance movements banned, 1985 was the year that the tide turned in favour of the mass democratic movement. Four years later, Nelson Mandela was released from prison and four years after that the first non-racial democratic elections took place. The decisive event that marked the turning point was the massacre, on Sharpeville Day, of 31 peaceful protestors on the dusty streets of Langa township in the Eastern Cape town of Uitenhage. This book tells the story of this massacre, including the events that led up to the massacre and then what followed in Uitenhage and nationally. Taken together, it was these events that decisively tipped the balance of forces in favour of the mass democratic movement. They were largely driven by mass actions from below from within South Africa’s communities, schools and workplaces. As splits in the white power bloc opened up, so international solidarity via sanctions weakened the regime thus paving the way for an internally negotiated democratic transition. Through the lens of the story of Uitenhage’s local struggles, a story is told with many lessons for democratic movements fighting similar battles around the world. 04 00 Introduction Why this Story Needs to be Told Chapter 1 The Story of a Bicycle: 21 March 1985 Chapter 2 Weeks of Rage and the Necklace Murders Chapter 3 Rise and Fall of an Industrial Entrepot: Port Elizabeth – Uitenhage, 1804-1985 Chapter 4 Urbanisation, Local Politics and the Re-Making of Langa Chapter 5 Popular Organisation in the Port Elizabeth-Uitenhage Region, with Special Reference to Uitenhage Chapter 6 Lead-Up to a Massacre: State, Community and the Politics of Township Conflict, November 1984-March 1985 Chapter 7 “Because your Yard is too Big”: The Politics of Squatter Struggles Chapter 8 Beyond Ungovernability: People’s Power and Negotiations Chapter 9 Last Stand of White Power: Forced Removals and the Return to State Violence Chapter 10 On Ending Urban Apartheid: Return to Langa Concluding Refections on 1985 What it Takes to Resist an Authoritarian Regime 20 00 Open Access 01 00 03 02 https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/$$$call$$$/submission/cover/cover?submissionId=340&random=34069859b3ff273e UJ Press 01 URL https://ujpress.uj.ac.za 01 UJ Press 01 Publisher's website: home page https://ujpress.uj.ac.za/ 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/340 Johannesburg 04 01 20251125 Mark Swilling 02 WORLD 06 15 9781997468424 06 15 9781997468431 06 15 9781997468455 WORLD 09 UJ Press 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this product https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/340 29 Publisher's website: download the title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/$$$call$$$/api/file/file-api/download-file?submissionFileId=6240&submissionId=340&stageId=5 20 08 20251125 01 urn:uuid:60866b64-5746-40c1-91e1-d3f0aa7c4cb6 03 01 01 thoth-work-id urn:uuid:1a4d0714-7dc3-44e2-ac37-6821dbcf67be 01 thoth-publication-id urn:uuid:60866b64-5746-40c1-91e1-d3f0aa7c4cb6 15 9780639890050 06 10.64449/9780639890067 00 BC 10 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 01 01 2024 Undergraduate Research Conference 1 B01 Nkosini Ngwenya Nkosini Ngwenya 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 2 A01 Wandile Khumalo Wandile Khumalo 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 3 A01 Nqobile Zwane Nqobile Zwane 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 4 A01 Naphtali Moshe Aphane Naphtali Moshe Aphane 5 A01 Tana Goate Tana Goate 6 A01 A. Madonsela A. Madonsela 7 A01 N. Sindane N N. Sindane 8 A01 X. Maluleke X Maluleke 9 A01 A. Matlala A Matlala 10 A01 A. Govender A Govender 11 A01 M. Masikhwa M Masikhwa 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 12 A01 A. Dabulamanzi A Dabulamanzi 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 13 A01 A. Mavimbela A Mavimbela 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 15 A01 Samukelo Sibiya Samukelo Sibiya 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 16 A01 Karabo Tshepo Shoroma Karabo Tshepo Shoroma 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 17 A01 Maggie Mehlape Maggie Mehlape 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 18 A01 Bonginkosi Yika Bonginkosi Yika 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 19 A01 21 0000-0001-9545-0909 Martin Gammon Martin Gammon 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 20 A01 Razeen Le Roux Razeen Le Roux 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 21 A01 21 0009-0000-4778-2466 Yusuf Momoniat Yusuf Momoniat 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 22 A01 Mvelo Nyamelo Mvelo Nyamelo 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 23 A01 21 0009-0008-5827-115X Parele Shamase Parele Shamase 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 31 A01 Ditshegofatso Maoto Ditshegofatso Maoto 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 32 A01 Caitlin Hamilton Caitlin Hamilton 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 33 A01 Njabulo Dlamini Njabulo Dlamini 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 34 A01 Nadine Herbst Nadine Herbst 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 35 A01 Morgan Potgieter Morgan Potgieter 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 36 A01 Lebohang Mosia Lebohang Mosia 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 37 B01 Johannes Schoeman Johannes Schoeman 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 01 eng 00 218 03 10 EDU037000 93 GPS 20 Undergraduate 20 research 20 University of Johannesburg 01 06 02 00 The Academic Development Centre (ADC) and the UJ Library presented the fourth annual Undergraduate Research Conference on the 1st of October 2024. 03 00 The Academic Development Centre (ADC) and the UJ Library presented the fourth annual Undergraduate Research Conference on the 1st of October 2024. The broad purpose of the conference was to showcase undergraduate research at UJ and to develop undergraduate students in preparation for possible postgraduate studies. All Faculties and the College were represented in what was a cross-disciplinary conference. In addition to the conference, students wrote short articles about their research projects. The articles are presented in this first edition of the UJ Undergraduate Research Conference (UGRC) monograph. 30 00 The Academic Development Centre (ADC) and the UJ Library presented the fourth annual Undergraduate Research Conference on the 1st of October 2024. The broad purpose of the conference was to showcase undergraduate research at UJ and to develop undergraduate students in preparation for possible postgraduate studies. All Faculties and the College were represented in what was a cross-disciplinary conference. In addition to the conference, students wrote short articles about their research projects. The articles are presented in this first edition of the UJ Undergraduate Research Conference (UGRC) monograph. 04 00 Access and Barriers to Education in Africa Wandile Khumalo DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639890067-01 PDF How Commerce 100 can Help in Integrative Learning and Enhanced Metacognition for First-year Bachelor of Accounting Students Nqobile Zwane DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639890067-02 PDF A Reflection on my Journey as a First-Year Bachelor of Accounting Student at UJ Naphtali Moshe Aphane DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639890067-03 PDF Impact of AI on Undergraduate Learning Tana Goate DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639890067-04 PDF Development of Employees Time‑Tracking App A. Madonsela DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639890067-05 PDF Use of Current Cutting-Edge Technologies in South African Physical Sciences Classrooms Samukelo Sibiya DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639890067-06 PDF Property Development in Midrand How it Physically Shaped the City Karabo Tshepo Shoroma DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639890067-07 PDF Self-Care Practices of Third-year Student Nurses at a University in Johannesburg Maggie Mehlape DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639890067-08 PDF Lived Experiences of Male Nursing Students at a Higher Education Institution in Gauteng Bonginkosi Yika DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639890067-09 PDF Does Music Represent? A “Heavy” Defence of Representationalism Martin Gammon DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639890067-10 PDF Masculinity, Culture and the Demise of “Man” Razeen Le Roux DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639890067-11 PDF Life and Meaning Yusuf Momoniat DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639890067-12 PDF Migration A Perspective on Poor Basic Service Delivery for Refugees in South Africa Mynah Matekenya DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639890067-13 PDF Is International Law “Law”? Mvelo Nyamelo DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639890067-14 PDF The Re-Appraisal of De Facto Adoption in the South African Law of Intestate Succession Parele Shamase DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639890067-15 PDF Development of a Novel Sorghum and Prickly Pear-Infused Cream Liqueur (Afro- Craft) T Mabusa DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639890067-16 PDF Bridging the Gap Accessible Sustainable Design for South African Impoverished Communities Ditshegofatso Maoto DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639890067-17 PDF Reviving Marlboro Marlboro, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa Caitlin Hamilton DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639890067-18 PDF Fashion Theory 3 Njabulo Dlamini DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639890067-19 PDF Methods Manual Nadine Herbst DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639890067-20 PDF Paper Pulp Plastic Bag Morgan Potgieter DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639890067-21 PDF Market Research Lebohang Mosia DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639890067-22 PDF Revitalising Mine Dump Johannes Schoeman DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639890067-23 PDF 20 00 Open Access 01 00 03 02 https://books.ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/10.64449/9780639890067_frontcover.jpg 1 03 06 10.64449/9780639890067-01 3 5 4 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Access and Barriers to Education in Africa 1 A01 21 0000-0002-6270-894X Wandile Khumalo Wandile Khumalo 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 01 eng 02 00 Africa is known for many things; one of the things it is famously known for is the fact that it has the youngest population in the world. However, access to education for many of these young people is still an issue. 03 00 Africa is known for many things; one of the things it is famously known for is the fact that it has the youngest population in the world. However, access to education for many of these young people is still an issue. This article addresses the topic of access and barriers to quality education in Africa. 30 00 Africa is known for many things; one of the things it is famously known for is the fact that it has the youngest population in the world. However, access to education for many of these young people is still an issue. This article addresses the topic of access and barriers to quality education in Africa. 20 00 Open Access Wandile Khumalo 2 03 06 10.64449/9780639890067-02 7 13 7 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 How Commerce 100 can Help in Integrative Learning and Enhanced Metacognition for First-year Bachelor of Accounting Students 1 A01 21 0000-0003-2147-8743 Nqobile Zwane Nqobile Zwane 01 eng 02 00 Accounting is best described as a dynamic and an ever-evolving environment. The best depiction of such is through its transformative nature within the competence and expertise needed by students to qualify as charted accountants. 03 00 Accounting is best described as a dynamic and an ever-evolving environment. The best depiction of such is through its transformative nature within the competence and expertise needed by students to qualify as charted accountants. An example of this is how SAICA has continuously revisited and renewed its competency framework, dating from its first revamp in 2021 to the continuous updates approved in October 2023 (SAICA). 30 00 Accounting is best described as a dynamic and an ever-evolving environment. The best depiction of such is through its transformative nature within the competence and expertise needed by students to qualify as charted accountants. An example of this is how SAICA has continuously revisited and renewed its competency framework, dating from its first revamp in 2021 to the continuous updates approved in October 2023 (SAICA). 20 00 Open Access Nqobile Zwane 3 03 06 10.64449/9780639890067-03 15 19 5 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 A Reflection on my Journey as a First-Year Bachelor of Accounting Student at UJ 1 A01 Naphtali Moshe Aphane Naphtali Moshe Aphane 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 01 eng 02 00 My name is Naphtali Moshe Aphane, a first-year student studying for a Bachelor of Accounting at the University of Johannesburg (UJ). As a Commerce 100 student, I have done a lot of academic writing that requires extensive research. 03 00 My name is Naphtali Moshe Aphane, a first-year student studying for a Bachelor of Accounting at the University of Johannesburg (UJ). As a Commerce 100 student, I have done a lot of academic writing that requires extensive research. I have learned a lot of skills from doing research. I have learned how to perform well under pressure. I have learned to think critically about certain problems and solve them without falling short of ethics. Commerce 100 equips us, students, with the necessary knowledge on how to gather, integrate, and spread widely the information that can provide us with a global overview of the business environment in a multicultural context (Hughes, 2024). This module provides students with insight into managing certain crises in the business from a manager’s perspective. This is done by reading case studies and solving a problem from a manager’s perspective. This work will elaborate more on how those points were achieved. 30 00 My name is Naphtali Moshe Aphane, a first-year student studying for a Bachelor of Accounting at the University of Johannesburg (UJ). As a Commerce 100 student, I have done a lot of academic writing that requires extensive research. I have learned a lot of skills from doing research. I have learned how to perform well under pressure. I have learned to think critically about certain problems and solve them without falling short of ethics. Commerce 100 equips us, students, with the necessary knowledge on how to gather, integrate, and spread widely the information that can provide us with a global overview of the business environment in a multicultural context (Hughes, 2024). This module provides students with insight into managing certain crises in the business from a manager’s perspective. This is done by reading case studies and solving a problem from a manager’s perspective. This work will elaborate more on how those points were achieved. 20 00 Open Access Naphtali Moshe Aphane 4 03 06 10.64449/9780639890067-04 21 27 7 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Impact of AI on Undergraduate Learning 1 A01 Tana Goate Tana Goate 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 01 eng 02 00 Coming from somebody who was in matric last year and has recently been launched into a world of hard work, continuous study, and emerging technology, I must admit that AI is a fascinating technological tool that has captivated the minds of many. 03 00 Coming from somebody who was in matric last year and has recently been launched into a world of hard work, continuous study, and emerging technology, I must admit that AI is a fascinating technological tool that has captivated the minds of many. It can be used for just about anything, especially helping the upcoming generations of professionals – for good or for bad. This essay aims to discuss various effects that AI has had on modern practices, with a focus on how it has affected the study of undergraduates. 30 00 Coming from somebody who was in matric last year and has recently been launched into a world of hard work, continuous study, and emerging technology, I must admit that AI is a fascinating technological tool that has captivated the minds of many. It can be used for just about anything, especially helping the upcoming generations of professionals – for good or for bad. This essay aims to discuss various effects that AI has had on modern practices, with a focus on how it has affected the study of undergraduates. 20 00 Open Access Tana Goate 5 03 06 10.64449/9780639890067-05 29 33 5 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Development of Employees Time‑Tracking App 1 A01 A. Madonsela A. Madonsela 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 2 A01 N. Sindane N N. Sindane 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 3 A01 X. Maluleke X Maluleke 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 4 A01 A. Matlala A Matlala 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 5 A01 A. Govender A Govender 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 6 A01 M. Masikhwa M Masikhwa 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 7 A01 K. Dikolobe K Dikolobe 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 8 A01 A. Dabulamanzi A Dabulamanzi 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 9 A01 A. Mavimbela A Mavimbela 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 01 eng 02 00 Through the creation of a mobile-based employee time-tracking application, the SMART TIME app initiative seeks to enhance time management in businesses. The research team thoroughly examined current time-tracking programmes and modified them to satisfy the requirements of a fictional business. 03 00 Through the creation of a mobile-based employee time-tracking application, the SMART TIME app initiative seeks to enhance time management in businesses. The research team thoroughly examined current time-tracking programmes and modified them to satisfy the requirements of a fictional business. By reducing administrative work and avoiding fraudulent clock-ins, they sought to develop an intuitive mobile application that improves payroll processing, expedites time tracking, and increases productivity. 30 00 Through the creation of a mobile-based employee time-tracking application, the SMART TIME app initiative seeks to enhance time management in businesses. The research team thoroughly examined current time-tracking programmes and modified them to satisfy the requirements of a fictional business. By reducing administrative work and avoiding fraudulent clock-ins, they sought to develop an intuitive mobile application that improves payroll processing, expedites time tracking, and increases productivity. 20 00 Open Access A. Madonsela, N. Sindane, X. Maluleke, A. Matlala, A. Govender, M. Masikhwa, K. Dikolobe, A. Dabulamanzi, A. Mavimbela 6 03 06 10.64449/9780639890067-06 35 42 8 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Use of Current Cutting-Edge Technologies in South African Physical Sciences Classrooms 1 A01 Samukelo Sibiya Samukelo Sibiya 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 01 eng 02 00 Technology is a dynamic tool that has revolutionised numerous vocational industries, particularly education. As an undergraduate student at the University of Johannesburg with majors in physical sciences and life sciences, it is troublesome and fascinating to observe and witness the potential and problems that arise due 03 00 Technology is a dynamic tool that has revolutionised numerous vocational industries, particularly education. As an undergraduate student at the University of Johannesburg with majors in physical sciences and life sciences, it is troublesome and fascinating to observe and witness the potential and problems that arise due to the adoption of different technologies for physical sciences teaching and learning in South African classrooms. Tools such as virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), and AI can help students visualise complex scientific phenomena that might be difficult to grasp through traditional methods. However, the integration of these technologies presents significant challenges, especially in the context of South Africa, where there are disparities in access to resources, limited funding, and gaps in teacher training. This duality of immense potential constrained by practical challenges highlights both the promise and the complexity of effectively integrating technology into education. 30 00 Technology is a dynamic tool that has revolutionised numerous vocational industries, particularly education. As an undergraduate student at the University of Johannesburg with majors in physical sciences and life sciences, it is troublesome and fascinating to observe and witness the potential and problems that arise due to the adoption of different technologies for physical sciences teaching and learning in South African classrooms. Tools such as virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), and AI can help students visualise complex scientific phenomena that might be difficult to grasp through traditional methods. However, the integration of these technologies presents significant challenges, especially in the context of South Africa, where there are disparities in access to resources, limited funding, and gaps in teacher training. This duality of immense potential constrained by practical challenges highlights both the promise and the complexity of effectively integrating technology into education. 20 00 Open Access Samukelo Sibiya 7 03 06 10.64449/9780639890067-07 43 54 12 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Property Development in Midrand How it Physically Shaped the City 1 A01 Karabo Tshepo Shoroma Karabo Tshepo Shoroma 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 01 eng 02 00 Urbanisation has many impacts on the city landscape such as urban sprawl, and this has been perpetuated by unsustainable urban design practices by property developers. Midrand is an example of such practices and has resulted in an unfunctionally shaped city. 03 00 Urbanisation has many impacts on the city landscape such as urban sprawl, and this has been perpetuated by unsustainable urban design practices by property developers. Midrand is an example of such practices and has resulted in an unfunctionally shaped city. Sustainable urban design is important because it helps mitigate the issues caused by urbanisation, and it is important for property developers to implement these practices, as they yield good results. Waterfall City, a large mixed-use development, may be an example of such a city. This study aims to prove that the design of Waterfall is one of the first examples of sustainable urban design in South Africa. The methodology used in this study is qualitative, which uses both primary and secondary data as the collection method as well as observations of the city. These data have then been textually analysed, and the elements of Waterfall City have been compared with parts of Midrand, focusing on the roads and layout, amenities, and green open spaces to conclude that Waterfall City’s urban design is sustainable and that property developers can promote unsustainable communities. 30 00 Urbanisation has many impacts on the city landscape such as urban sprawl, and this has been perpetuated by unsustainable urban design practices by property developers. Midrand is an example of such practices and has resulted in an unfunctionally shaped city. Sustainable urban design is important because it helps mitigate the issues caused by urbanisation, and it is important for property developers to implement these practices, as they yield good results. Waterfall City, a large mixed-use development, may be an example of such a city. This study aims to prove that the design of Waterfall is one of the first examples of sustainable urban design in South Africa. The methodology used in this study is qualitative, which uses both primary and secondary data as the collection method as well as observations of the city. These data have then been textually analysed, and the elements of Waterfall City have been compared with parts of Midrand, focusing on the roads and layout, amenities, and green open spaces to conclude that Waterfall City’s urban design is sustainable and that property developers can promote unsustainable communities. 20 00 Open Access Karabo Tshepo Shoroma 8 03 06 10.64449/9780639890067-08 55 64 10 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Self-Care Practices of Third-year Student Nurses at a University in Johannesburg 1 A01 Maggie Mehlape Maggie Mehlape 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 01 eng 02 00 Nursing students encounter stressors associated with nursing education, including demanding academic workloads, clinical rotations, emotional exposure to patient care, anxiety about grades and assignments, and financial problems for others. The article investigated third-year student nurses’ self-care practices 03 00 Nursing students encounter stressors associated with nursing education, including demanding academic workloads, clinical rotations, emotional exposure to patient care, anxiety about grades and assignments, and financial problems for others. The article investigated third-year student nurses’ self-care practices at the University of Johannesburg, South Africa. This study employed a quantitative research design with a cross-sectional approach. The respondents were selected usingvia convenience sampling. A demographic questionnaire and the self-care activities screening scale (SASS-14) were combined as the data collection tool. Descriptive statistics were used for data analysis. The study revealed that a considerable majority of student nurses sleep less than 7–8 hours daily, consume insufficient nutritious food and water, rarely engage in physical activities, and need more time for self-connection and health examination. According to these findings, nursing students must prioritise self-care. 30 00 Nursing students encounter stressors associated with nursing education, including demanding academic workloads, clinical rotations, emotional exposure to patient care, anxiety about grades and assignments, and financial problems for others. The article investigated third-year student nurses’ self-care practices at the University of Johannesburg, South Africa. This study employed a quantitative research design with a cross-sectional approach. The respondents were selected usingvia convenience sampling. A demographic questionnaire and the self-care activities screening scale (SASS-14) were combined as the data collection tool. Descriptive statistics were used for data analysis. The study revealed that a considerable majority of student nurses sleep less than 7–8 hours daily, consume insufficient nutritious food and water, rarely engage in physical activities, and need more time for self-connection and health examination. According to these findings, nursing students must prioritise self-care. 20 00 Open Access Maggie Mehlape 9 03 06 10.64449/9780639890067-09 65 74 10 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Lived Experiences of Male Nursing Students at a Higher Education Institution in Gauteng 1 A01 Bonginkosi Yika Bonginkosi Yika 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 01 eng 02 00 The nursing profession is female-dominated, leading to the reinforcement of gender stereotypes that can marginalise male nurses. This underrepresentation of male nursing students raises concerns about their experiences and the challenges they face in educational and clinical settings. 03 00 The nursing profession is female-dominated, leading to the reinforcement of gender stereotypes that can marginalise male nurses. This underrepresentation of male nursing students raises concerns about their experiences and the challenges they face in educational and clinical settings. The aim of this study was to explore the lived experiences of male nursing students at a higher education institution in Gauteng, South Africa, with a focus on how they navigate gender norms. A qualitative, phenomenological research design involving in-depth, unstructured interviews with male nursing students was employed. The participants were recruited from the University of Johannesburg, and thematic analysis was used to identify common experiences and challenges. The findings indicate that male nursing students encounter significant challenges related to societal stereotypes, leading to feelings of isolation and questioning of their career choices. The study highlighted the need for greater awareness and support for male nursing students to address the challenges they face. 30 00 The nursing profession is female-dominated, leading to the reinforcement of gender stereotypes that can marginalise male nurses. This underrepresentation of male nursing students raises concerns about their experiences and the challenges they face in educational and clinical settings. The aim of this study was to explore the lived experiences of male nursing students at a higher education institution in Gauteng, South Africa, with a focus on how they navigate gender norms. A qualitative, phenomenological research design involving in-depth, unstructured interviews with male nursing students was employed. The participants were recruited from the University of Johannesburg, and thematic analysis was used to identify common experiences and challenges. The findings indicate that male nursing students encounter significant challenges related to societal stereotypes, leading to feelings of isolation and questioning of their career choices. The study highlighted the need for greater awareness and support for male nursing students to address the challenges they face. 20 00 Open Access Bonginkosi Yika 10 03 06 10.64449/9780639890067-10 75 84 10 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Does Music Represent? A “Heavy” Defence of Representationalism 1 A01 Martin Gammon Martin Gammon 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 01 eng 02 00 Does music represent the world? If the point of art in general, and music in particular, is to help us understand the world, then music must surely be about the world, and so it must represent it somehow. 03 00 Does music represent the world? If the point of art in general, and music in particular, is to help us understand the world, then music must surely be about the world, and so it must represent it somehow. In contrast to this view, Roger Scruton defends an anti-representationalist position, arguing that, as an abstract art, music has no power to represent the world. In this paper, I develop a four-point critique of his view, using the work of Michael Morris (2012), Aaron Ridley (2004), Robert Walser (1992), Peter Kivy (1990), and Carl Dahlhaus (1989), as well as a comparison of the metal and classical genres of music to make my case. 30 00 Does music represent the world? If the point of art in general, and music in particular, is to help us understand the world, then music must surely be about the world, and so it must represent it somehow. In contrast to this view, Roger Scruton defends an anti-representationalist position, arguing that, as an abstract art, music has no power to represent the world. In this paper, I develop a four-point critique of his view, using the work of Michael Morris (2012), Aaron Ridley (2004), Robert Walser (1992), Peter Kivy (1990), and Carl Dahlhaus (1989), as well as a comparison of the metal and classical genres of music to make my case. 20 00 Open Access Martin Gammon 11 03 06 10.64449/9780639890067-11 85 92 8 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Masculinity, Culture and the Demise of “Man” 1 A01 Razeen Le Roux Razeen Le Roux 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 01 eng 02 00 In this essay, I unpack the concept of masculinity and how it is utilised in the construction of masculine social identities. Understanding the social construction of masculinity is crucial for comprehending gender identities and their relationships with one’s personality and way of being. 03 00 In this essay, I unpack the concept of masculinity and how it is utilised in the construction of masculine social identities. Understanding the social construction of masculinity is crucial for comprehending gender identities and their relationships with one’s personality and way of being. This paper argues that masculinity is a fluid and multifaceted concept shaped by hegemonic ideals that often restrict men’s emotional expression and behaviour. I intend to demonstrate, first, that masculinity is socially constructed and reinforced through performance. Second, I illustrate how it limits men’s potential for personal growth and authentic expression. I employ Judith Butler’s (1999) account of gender performativity to display performative aspects of masculinity and how rare genuine portrayals of masculinity can be. I highlight the ways in which gender is enacted through social interactions and behaviours. In the final section of the paper, I discuss the limitations of hegemonic masculinity and the importance of embracing diverse forms of masculinity. 30 00 In this essay, I unpack the concept of masculinity and how it is utilised in the construction of masculine social identities. Understanding the social construction of masculinity is crucial for comprehending gender identities and their relationships with one’s personality and way of being. This paper argues that masculinity is a fluid and multifaceted concept shaped by hegemonic ideals that often restrict men’s emotional expression and behaviour. I intend to demonstrate, first, that masculinity is socially constructed and reinforced through performance. Second, I illustrate how it limits men’s potential for personal growth and authentic expression. I employ Judith Butler’s (1999) account of gender performativity to display performative aspects of masculinity and how rare genuine portrayals of masculinity can be. I highlight the ways in which gender is enacted through social interactions and behaviours. In the final section of the paper, I discuss the limitations of hegemonic masculinity and the importance of embracing diverse forms of masculinity. 20 00 Open Access Razeen Le Roux 12 03 06 10.64449/9780639890067-12 93 100 8 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Life and Meaning 1 A01 Yusuf Momoniat Yusuf Momoniat 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 01 eng 02 00 The question of life’s meaning has haunted humanity since we have been able to think. This question still plagues us because of the universe’s unwillingness to answer our calls. There are questions that people ask themselves all the time, after receiving no convincing answers. 03 00 The question of life’s meaning has haunted humanity since we have been able to think. This question still plagues us because of the universe’s unwillingness to answer our calls. There are questions that people ask themselves all the time, after receiving no convincing answers. These include questions about what their life means, whether it has a meaning at all, and the question that can be asked recursively about life to no end: Why? In this essay, I focus on the following common thread of all such questions: What meaning, if any, is there to life? 30 00 The question of life’s meaning has haunted humanity since we have been able to think. This question still plagues us because of the universe’s unwillingness to answer our calls. There are questions that people ask themselves all the time, after receiving no convincing answers. These include questions about what their life means, whether it has a meaning at all, and the question that can be asked recursively about life to no end: Why? In this essay, I focus on the following common thread of all such questions: What meaning, if any, is there to life? 20 00 Open Access Yusuf Momoniat 13 03 06 10.64449/9780639890067-13 101 108 8 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Migration A Perspective on Poor Basic Service Delivery for Refugees in South Africa 1 A01 Mynah Matekenya Mynah Matekenya 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 01 eng 02 00 In terms of the 1951 Refugee Convention, a refugee is defined as a person who has fled his or her country forcefully because of fear of persecution, violence or war.1 This Convention, among other International Conventions and national legislation, provides for the rights aimed for refugees and how those rights are to be implemented and protected. W 03 00 In terms of the 1951 Refugee Convention, a refugee is defined as a person who has fled his or her country forcefully because of fear of persecution, violence or war.1 This Convention, among other International Conventions and national legislation, provides for the rights aimed for refugees and how those rights are to be implemented and protected. Whether the South African government adequately provides for such rights and services is a question of fact. Legislation exists, but is the South African government complying with it in administering service delivery for refugees? This essay, from a South African context, first discusses how the international legal framework and national legislation are shaped to cater to and protect the rights of refugees. Second, the essay discusses the extent to which the South African government provides shelter for refugees. It will continue to discuss the provision of education to refugees. From thereon, it discusses the extent to which it provides healthcare services. Lastly, it addresses South Africa’s compliance with the Sustainable Development Goals and criticism thereof. 30 00 In terms of the 1951 Refugee Convention, a refugee is defined as a person who has fled his or her country forcefully because of fear of persecution, violence or war.1 This Convention, among other International Conventions and national legislation, provides for the rights aimed for refugees and how those rights are to be implemented and protected. Whether the South African government adequately provides for such rights and services is a question of fact. Legislation exists, but is the South African government complying with it in administering service delivery for refugees? This essay, from a South African context, first discusses how the international legal framework and national legislation are shaped to cater to and protect the rights of refugees. Second, the essay discusses the extent to which the South African government provides shelter for refugees. It will continue to discuss the provision of education to refugees. From thereon, it discusses the extent to which it provides healthcare services. Lastly, it addresses South Africa’s compliance with the Sustainable Development Goals and criticism thereof. 20 00 Open Access Mynah Matekenya 14 03 06 10.64449/9780639890067-14 109 115 7 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Is International Law “Law”? 1 A01 Mvelo Nyamelo Mvelo Nyamelo 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 01 eng 02 00 In terms of international law, there is high contestation and a long-standing debate on whether international law falls under the accepted view of ‘law’. 03 00 In terms of international law, there is high contestation and a long-standing debate on whether international law falls under the accepted view of ‘law’. One school of thought states that international law establishes standards and norms that are accepted by nations, organisations, and individuals, consequently establishing guidelines for conduct in areas such as trade, the environment, and human rights. The legally binding responsibilities established by treaties, conventions, and customary practices – which governments often abide by – illustrate the regulative power of its law. 30 00 In terms of international law, there is high contestation and a long-standing debate on whether international law falls under the accepted view of ‘law’. One school of thought states that international law establishes standards and norms that are accepted by nations, organisations, and individuals, consequently establishing guidelines for conduct in areas such as trade, the environment, and human rights. The legally binding responsibilities established by treaties, conventions, and customary practices – which governments often abide by – illustrate the regulative power of its law. 20 00 Open Access Mvelo Nyamelo 15 03 06 10.64449/9780639890067-15 117 125 9 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 The Re-Appraisal of De Facto Adoption in the South African Law of Intestate Succession 1 A01 Parele Shamase Parele Shamase 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 01 eng 02 00 The eve of the early 2000s signified the genesis of judicial disapproval of the under inclusiveness of the Intestate Succession Act 81 of 1987. Flynn v Farr 2009 1 SA 584 (C) is a notable exception. In that case, Davis J upheld the restrictive proposition that factually adopted children have no claim against the intestate estate of the factual adop 03 00 The eve of the early 2000s signified the genesis of judicial disapproval of the under inclusiveness of the Intestate Succession Act 81 of 1987. Flynn v Farr 2009 1 SA 584 (C) is a notable exception. In that case, Davis J upheld the restrictive proposition that factually adopted children have no claim against the intestate estate of the factual adoptive parent (“the narrow approach”). The concept of factual adoption denotes an informal form of adoption where a child is adopted without observing the formal dictates of adoption. With the benefit of hindsight, this paper argues that investing in the narrow approach to adoption stands at odds with the right to equality, the development of new family structures and the best interests of the child. This paper illustrates how the mechanical preference for formal adoption and myopic exclusion of factual adoption prevents the contextual operation of the de facto doctrine and the best interests of the child in intestate succession. Furthermore, this paper argues that the narrow approach is too restrictive in the sense that it threatens the rights and emergence of constitutionally recognised family models. Additionally, this paper notes that the narrow approach may constitute unfair discrimination against factually adopted children on the grounds of birth (or analogous grounds of adoptive status). 30 00 The eve of the early 2000s signified the genesis of judicial disapproval of the under inclusiveness of the Intestate Succession Act 81 of 1987. Flynn v Farr 2009 1 SA 584 (C) is a notable exception. In that case, Davis J upheld the restrictive proposition that factually adopted children have no claim against the intestate estate of the factual adoptive parent (“the narrow approach”). The concept of factual adoption denotes an informal form of adoption where a child is adopted without observing the formal dictates of adoption. With the benefit of hindsight, this paper argues that investing in the narrow approach to adoption stands at odds with the right to equality, the development of new family structures and the best interests of the child. This paper illustrates how the mechanical preference for formal adoption and myopic exclusion of factual adoption prevents the contextual operation of the de facto doctrine and the best interests of the child in intestate succession. Furthermore, this paper argues that the narrow approach is too restrictive in the sense that it threatens the rights and emergence of constitutionally recognised family models. Additionally, this paper notes that the narrow approach may constitute unfair discrimination against factually adopted children on the grounds of birth (or analogous grounds of adoptive status). 20 00 Open Access Parele Shamase 16 03 06 10.64449/9780639890067-16 127 138 12 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Development of a Novel Sorghum and Prickly Pear-Infused Cream Liqueur (Afro- Craft) 1 A01 T Mabusa T Mabusa 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 2 A01 S Mangonye S Mangonye 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 3 A01 X Mashakeni X Mashakeni 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 4 A01 A Matsapola A Matsapola 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 5 A01 V Ramongane Ramongane Ramongane 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 01 eng 02 00 This study presents the development and characterisation of a novel sorghum- and prickly pear-infused cream liqueur, a unique and innovative alcoholic beverage that combines the natural sweetness of sorghum with the delicate flavour of prickly pears. 03 00 This study presents the development and characterisation of a novel sorghum- and prickly pear-infused cream liqueur, a unique and innovative alcoholic beverage that combines the natural sweetness of sorghum with the delicate flavour of prickly pears. The increasing demand for craft spirits, exotic ingredients and unique flavour profiles drives the need for innovative products that cater to these trends. 30 00 This study presents the development and characterisation of a novel sorghum- and prickly pear-infused cream liqueur, a unique and innovative alcoholic beverage that combines the natural sweetness of sorghum with the delicate flavour of prickly pears. The increasing demand for craft spirits, exotic ingredients and unique flavour profiles drives the need for innovative products that cater to these trends. 20 00 Open Access T Mabusa, S Mangonye, X Mashakeni, A Matsapola, V Ramongane 17 03 06 10.64449/9780639890067-17 139 145 7 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Bridging the Gap Accessible Sustainable Design for South African Impoverished Communities 1 A01 Ditshegofatso Maoto Ditshegofatso Maoto 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 01 eng 02 00 There is a deep need to create sustainable, conscious and reliable design solutions given our current environmental state so that the planet can be preserved for future generations. The role of designers is crucial, as they shape the current visual landscape, as good designs are what makes our daily life better. 03 00 There is a deep need to create sustainable, conscious and reliable design solutions given our current environmental state so that the planet can be preserved for future generations. The role of designers is crucial, as they shape the current visual landscape, as good designs are what makes our daily life better. Over the past few years, the designer’s role has become more important, especially within the context of sustainability and environmentalism, to become more conscious of design. 30 00 There is a deep need to create sustainable, conscious and reliable design solutions given our current environmental state so that the planet can be preserved for future generations. The role of designers is crucial, as they shape the current visual landscape, as good designs are what makes our daily life better. Over the past few years, the designer’s role has become more important, especially within the context of sustainability and environmentalism, to become more conscious of design. 20 00 Open Access Ditshegofatso Maoto 18 03 06 10.64449/9780639890067-18 147 152 6 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Reviving Marlboro Marlboro, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa 1 A01 Caitlin Hamilton Caitlin Hamilton 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 2 A01 Kyle Pillay Kyle Pillay 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 3 A01 Nosipho Mshengu Nosipho Mshengu 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 4 A01 Tshlolofelo Tloome Tshlolofelo Tloome 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 5 A01 Nonkanyiso Nyide Nonkanyiso Nyide 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 01 eng 02 00 Northeast of Johannesburg’s bustling hub lies the Marlboro suburb, which connects to the famously known township of Alexandra. The site we were allocated falls within a 1km radius between the busy N3 highway interchange on Marlboro Drive, which is part of the Jukskei River, and the not-so-old but quiet Marlboro Gautrain station. 03 00 Northeast of Johannesburg’s bustling hub lies the Marlboro suburb, which connects to the famously known township of Alexandra. The site we were allocated falls within a 1km radius between the busy N3 highway interchange on Marlboro Drive, which is part of the Jukskei River, and the not-so-old but quiet Marlboro Gautrain station. The site and surrounding developments face major challenges such as river pollution, inadequate and affordable housing, safe pedestrian nodes, and public spaces. 30 00 Northeast of Johannesburg’s bustling hub lies the Marlboro suburb, which connects to the famously known township of Alexandra. The site we were allocated falls within a 1km radius between the busy N3 highway interchange on Marlboro Drive, which is part of the Jukskei River, and the not-so-old but quiet Marlboro Gautrain station. The site and surrounding developments face major challenges such as river pollution, inadequate and affordable housing, safe pedestrian nodes, and public spaces. 20 00 Open Access Caitlin Hamilton, Kyle Pillay, Nosipho Mshengu, Tshlolofelo Tloome, Nonkanyiso Nyide 19 03 06 10.64449/9780639890067-19 153 170 18 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Chapter 01 01 Fashion Theory 3 1 A01 Njabulo Dlamini Njabulo Dlamini 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 01 eng 02 00 In recent years, fantasy-themed balls, masquerades and similar mystical events for adults have been hosted by new companies that benefit from both the post-pandemic Millennial and Gen Z consumers, who desire to participate in experiences and the rise of romance and fantasy books on social media platform 03 00 In recent years, fantasy-themed balls, masquerades and similar mystical events for adults have been hosted by new companies that benefit from both the post-pandemic Millennial and Gen Z consumers, who desire to participate in experiences and the rise of romance and fantasy books on social media platforms such as TikTok, Instagram and YouTube. These events allowed the participants to dress up in fantasy-themed garments or, in the evening, wear and unite with character actors. (Rothenburg. 2024) 30 00 In recent years, fantasy-themed balls, masquerades and similar mystical events for adults have been hosted by new companies that benefit from both the post-pandemic Millennial and Gen Z consumers, who desire to participate in experiences and the rise of romance and fantasy books on social media platforms such as TikTok, Instagram and YouTube. These events allowed the participants to dress up in fantasy-themed garments or, in the evening, wear and unite with character actors. (Rothenburg. 2024) 20 00 Open Access Njabulo Dlamini 20 03 06 10.64449/9780639890067-20 171 184 14 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Methods Manual 1 A01 Nadine Herbst Nadine Herbst 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 01 eng 02 00 The methods manual is a reflective journey through which I develop a natural understanding of my design process. It involves documenting and reflecting on my methods based on my experience as a postgraduate student and the knowledge I have gained over the past three years. 03 00 The methods manual is a reflective journey through which I develop a natural understanding of my design process. It involves documenting and reflecting on my methods based on my experience as a postgraduate student and the knowledge I have gained over the past three years. These methods prepare me to work with diverse people and the ability to understand any project brief from the beginning. 30 00 The methods manual is a reflective journey through which I develop a natural understanding of my design process. It involves documenting and reflecting on my methods based on my experience as a postgraduate student and the knowledge I have gained over the past three years. These methods prepare me to work with diverse people and the ability to understand any project brief from the beginning. 20 00 Open Access Nadine Herbst 21 03 06 10.64449/9780639890067-21 185 191 7 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Paper Pulp Plastic Bag 1 A01 Morgan Potgieter Morgan Potgieter 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 01 eng 02 00 In today’s world, the concept of sustainability has become increasingly vital as we confront pressing environmental challenges and seek ways to ensure a prosperous future for generations to come (Enel Group, 2023). At its core, sustainability in design represents a proactive approach that considers the entire lifecycle of products (Interaction Desi 03 00 In today’s world, the concept of sustainability has become increasingly vital as we confront pressing environmental challenges and seek ways to ensure a prosperous future for generations to come (Enel Group, 2023). At its core, sustainability in design represents a proactive approach that considers the entire lifecycle of products (Interaction Design Foundation, 2023). This general perspective aims to minimise environmental impact, conserve resources, and promote ethical practices throughout production and consumption processes (Acaroglu, 2020). 30 00 In today’s world, the concept of sustainability has become increasingly vital as we confront pressing environmental challenges and seek ways to ensure a prosperous future for generations to come (Enel Group, 2023). At its core, sustainability in design represents a proactive approach that considers the entire lifecycle of products (Interaction Design Foundation, 2023). This general perspective aims to minimise environmental impact, conserve resources, and promote ethical practices throughout production and consumption processes (Acaroglu, 2020). 20 00 Open Access Morgan Potgieter 22 03 06 10.64449/9780639890067-22 193 196 4 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Market Research 1 A01 Lebohang Mosia Lebohang Mosia 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 01 eng 02 00 Since silver is a premium metal, sterling denim emphasises excellence. My denim collection consists of the most upscale, exquisite, luxurious, and sophisticated designs. It suggests superiority, flawlessness, and opulence – qualities. 03 00 Since silver is a premium metal, sterling denim emphasises excellence. My denim collection consists of the most upscale, exquisite, luxurious, and sophisticated designs. It suggests superiority, flawlessness, and opulence – qualities. My love of luxury and upscale apparel serves as my source of inspiration. I aim to develop a brand that embodies sophistication and quality while still being sensual and commanding attention. 30 00 Since silver is a premium metal, sterling denim emphasises excellence. My denim collection consists of the most upscale, exquisite, luxurious, and sophisticated designs. It suggests superiority, flawlessness, and opulence – qualities. My love of luxury and upscale apparel serves as my source of inspiration. I aim to develop a brand that embodies sophistication and quality while still being sensual and commanding attention. 20 00 Open Access Lebohang Mosia 23 03 06 10.64449/9780639890067-23 197 206 10 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Revitalising Mine Dump 1 A01 Johannes Schoeman Johannes Schoeman 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 01 eng 02 00 The Mooifontein Sports Centre project is an ambitious urban regeneration initiative located under the Mooifontein mine dump, an area historically disconnected from the surrounding communities of Diepkloof, Soccer City, and the NASREC precincts. Situated within Johannesburg’s industrial mining belt, the site presents both challenges and opportunitie 03 00 The Mooifontein Sports Centre project is an ambitious urban regeneration initiative located under the Mooifontein mine dump, an area historically disconnected from the surrounding communities of Diepkloof, Soccer City, and the NASREC precincts. Situated within Johannesburg’s industrial mining belt, the site presents both challenges and opportunities for revitalisation. The vision for the project is to transform this forgotten landscape into a thriving sports hub, with a key focus on promoting women’s football, particularly through the development of a football academy for Banyana Banyana, South Africa’s national women’s football team. 30 00 The Mooifontein Sports Centre project is an ambitious urban regeneration initiative located under the Mooifontein mine dump, an area historically disconnected from the surrounding communities of Diepkloof, Soccer City, and the NASREC precincts. Situated within Johannesburg’s industrial mining belt, the site presents both challenges and opportunities for revitalisation. The vision for the project is to transform this forgotten landscape into a thriving sports hub, with a key focus on promoting women’s football, particularly through the development of a football academy for Banyana Banyana, South Africa’s national women’s football team. 20 00 Open Access Johannes Schoeman UJ Press 01 URL https://ujpress.uj.ac.za 01 UJ Press 01 Publisher's website: home page https://ujpress.uj.ac.za/ 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/370 Johannesburg 04 01 20250826 Nkosini Ngwenya; Wandile Khumalo, Nqobile Zwane, Naphtali Moshe Aphane, Tana Goate, A. Madonsela et al, Samukelo Sibiya, Karabo Tshepo Shoroma, Maggie Mehlape, Bonginkosi Yika, Martin Gammon, Razeen Le Roux, Yusuf Momoniat, Mynah Matekenya, Mvelo Nyamelo, Parele Shamase, T Mabusa et al, Ditshegofatso Maoto, Caitlin Hamilton et al, Njabulo Dlamini, Nadine Herbst, Morgan Potgieter, Lebohang Mosia, Johannes Schoeman 02 WORLD 06 15 9780639890067 06 15 9780639890081 06 15 9780639890074 WORLD 09 UJ Press 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this product https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/370 29 Publisher's website: download the title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/370 20 08 20250826 01 urn:uuid:2c81fb3a-e466-486f-ba9b-e5b3895b98ce 03 01 01 thoth-work-id urn:uuid:1a4d0714-7dc3-44e2-ac37-6821dbcf67be 01 thoth-publication-id urn:uuid:2c81fb3a-e466-486f-ba9b-e5b3895b98ce 15 9780639890067 06 10.64449/9780639890067 00 EB E107 10 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 01 01 2024 Undergraduate Research Conference 1 B01 Nkosini Ngwenya Nkosini Ngwenya 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 2 A01 Wandile Khumalo Wandile Khumalo 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 3 A01 Nqobile Zwane Nqobile Zwane 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 4 A01 Naphtali Moshe Aphane Naphtali Moshe Aphane 5 A01 Tana Goate Tana Goate 6 A01 A. Madonsela A. Madonsela 7 A01 N. Sindane N N. Sindane 8 A01 X. Maluleke X Maluleke 9 A01 A. Matlala A Matlala 10 A01 A. Govender A Govender 11 A01 M. Masikhwa M Masikhwa 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 12 A01 A. Dabulamanzi A Dabulamanzi 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 13 A01 A. Mavimbela A Mavimbela 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 15 A01 Samukelo Sibiya Samukelo Sibiya 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 16 A01 Karabo Tshepo Shoroma Karabo Tshepo Shoroma 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 17 A01 Maggie Mehlape Maggie Mehlape 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 18 A01 Bonginkosi Yika Bonginkosi Yika 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 19 A01 21 0000-0001-9545-0909 Martin Gammon Martin Gammon 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 20 A01 Razeen Le Roux Razeen Le Roux 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 21 A01 21 0009-0000-4778-2466 Yusuf Momoniat Yusuf Momoniat 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 22 A01 Mvelo Nyamelo Mvelo Nyamelo 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 23 A01 21 0009-0008-5827-115X Parele Shamase Parele Shamase 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 31 A01 Ditshegofatso Maoto Ditshegofatso Maoto 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 32 A01 Caitlin Hamilton Caitlin Hamilton 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 33 A01 Njabulo Dlamini Njabulo Dlamini 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 34 A01 Nadine Herbst Nadine Herbst 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 35 A01 Morgan Potgieter Morgan Potgieter 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 36 A01 Lebohang Mosia Lebohang Mosia 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 37 B01 Johannes Schoeman Johannes Schoeman 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 01 eng 00 218 03 10 EDU037000 93 GPS 20 Undergraduate 20 research 20 University of Johannesburg 01 06 02 00 The Academic Development Centre (ADC) and the UJ Library presented the fourth annual Undergraduate Research Conference on the 1st of October 2024. 03 00 The Academic Development Centre (ADC) and the UJ Library presented the fourth annual Undergraduate Research Conference on the 1st of October 2024. The broad purpose of the conference was to showcase undergraduate research at UJ and to develop undergraduate students in preparation for possible postgraduate studies. All Faculties and the College were represented in what was a cross-disciplinary conference. In addition to the conference, students wrote short articles about their research projects. The articles are presented in this first edition of the UJ Undergraduate Research Conference (UGRC) monograph. 30 00 The Academic Development Centre (ADC) and the UJ Library presented the fourth annual Undergraduate Research Conference on the 1st of October 2024. The broad purpose of the conference was to showcase undergraduate research at UJ and to develop undergraduate students in preparation for possible postgraduate studies. All Faculties and the College were represented in what was a cross-disciplinary conference. In addition to the conference, students wrote short articles about their research projects. The articles are presented in this first edition of the UJ Undergraduate Research Conference (UGRC) monograph. 04 00 Access and Barriers to Education in Africa Wandile Khumalo DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639890067-01 PDF How Commerce 100 can Help in Integrative Learning and Enhanced Metacognition for First-year Bachelor of Accounting Students Nqobile Zwane DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639890067-02 PDF A Reflection on my Journey as a First-Year Bachelor of Accounting Student at UJ Naphtali Moshe Aphane DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639890067-03 PDF Impact of AI on Undergraduate Learning Tana Goate DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639890067-04 PDF Development of Employees Time‑Tracking App A. Madonsela DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639890067-05 PDF Use of Current Cutting-Edge Technologies in South African Physical Sciences Classrooms Samukelo Sibiya DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639890067-06 PDF Property Development in Midrand How it Physically Shaped the City Karabo Tshepo Shoroma DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639890067-07 PDF Self-Care Practices of Third-year Student Nurses at a University in Johannesburg Maggie Mehlape DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639890067-08 PDF Lived Experiences of Male Nursing Students at a Higher Education Institution in Gauteng Bonginkosi Yika DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639890067-09 PDF Does Music Represent? A “Heavy” Defence of Representationalism Martin Gammon DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639890067-10 PDF Masculinity, Culture and the Demise of “Man” Razeen Le Roux DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639890067-11 PDF Life and Meaning Yusuf Momoniat DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639890067-12 PDF Migration A Perspective on Poor Basic Service Delivery for Refugees in South Africa Mynah Matekenya DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639890067-13 PDF Is International Law “Law”? Mvelo Nyamelo DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639890067-14 PDF The Re-Appraisal of De Facto Adoption in the South African Law of Intestate Succession Parele Shamase DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639890067-15 PDF Development of a Novel Sorghum and Prickly Pear-Infused Cream Liqueur (Afro- Craft) T Mabusa DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639890067-16 PDF Bridging the Gap Accessible Sustainable Design for South African Impoverished Communities Ditshegofatso Maoto DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639890067-17 PDF Reviving Marlboro Marlboro, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa Caitlin Hamilton DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639890067-18 PDF Fashion Theory 3 Njabulo Dlamini DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639890067-19 PDF Methods Manual Nadine Herbst DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639890067-20 PDF Paper Pulp Plastic Bag Morgan Potgieter DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639890067-21 PDF Market Research Lebohang Mosia DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639890067-22 PDF Revitalising Mine Dump Johannes Schoeman DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639890067-23 PDF 20 00 Open Access 01 00 03 02 https://books.ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/10.64449/9780639890067_frontcover.jpg 1 03 06 10.64449/9780639890067-01 3 5 4 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Access and Barriers to Education in Africa 1 A01 21 0000-0002-6270-894X Wandile Khumalo Wandile Khumalo 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 01 eng 02 00 Africa is known for many things; one of the things it is famously known for is the fact that it has the youngest population in the world. However, access to education for many of these young people is still an issue. 03 00 Africa is known for many things; one of the things it is famously known for is the fact that it has the youngest population in the world. However, access to education for many of these young people is still an issue. This article addresses the topic of access and barriers to quality education in Africa. 30 00 Africa is known for many things; one of the things it is famously known for is the fact that it has the youngest population in the world. However, access to education for many of these young people is still an issue. This article addresses the topic of access and barriers to quality education in Africa. 20 00 Open Access Wandile Khumalo 2 03 06 10.64449/9780639890067-02 7 13 7 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 How Commerce 100 can Help in Integrative Learning and Enhanced Metacognition for First-year Bachelor of Accounting Students 1 A01 21 0000-0003-2147-8743 Nqobile Zwane Nqobile Zwane 01 eng 02 00 Accounting is best described as a dynamic and an ever-evolving environment. The best depiction of such is through its transformative nature within the competence and expertise needed by students to qualify as charted accountants. 03 00 Accounting is best described as a dynamic and an ever-evolving environment. The best depiction of such is through its transformative nature within the competence and expertise needed by students to qualify as charted accountants. An example of this is how SAICA has continuously revisited and renewed its competency framework, dating from its first revamp in 2021 to the continuous updates approved in October 2023 (SAICA). 30 00 Accounting is best described as a dynamic and an ever-evolving environment. The best depiction of such is through its transformative nature within the competence and expertise needed by students to qualify as charted accountants. An example of this is how SAICA has continuously revisited and renewed its competency framework, dating from its first revamp in 2021 to the continuous updates approved in October 2023 (SAICA). 20 00 Open Access Nqobile Zwane 3 03 06 10.64449/9780639890067-03 15 19 5 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 A Reflection on my Journey as a First-Year Bachelor of Accounting Student at UJ 1 A01 Naphtali Moshe Aphane Naphtali Moshe Aphane 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 01 eng 02 00 My name is Naphtali Moshe Aphane, a first-year student studying for a Bachelor of Accounting at the University of Johannesburg (UJ). As a Commerce 100 student, I have done a lot of academic writing that requires extensive research. 03 00 My name is Naphtali Moshe Aphane, a first-year student studying for a Bachelor of Accounting at the University of Johannesburg (UJ). As a Commerce 100 student, I have done a lot of academic writing that requires extensive research. I have learned a lot of skills from doing research. I have learned how to perform well under pressure. I have learned to think critically about certain problems and solve them without falling short of ethics. Commerce 100 equips us, students, with the necessary knowledge on how to gather, integrate, and spread widely the information that can provide us with a global overview of the business environment in a multicultural context (Hughes, 2024). This module provides students with insight into managing certain crises in the business from a manager’s perspective. This is done by reading case studies and solving a problem from a manager’s perspective. This work will elaborate more on how those points were achieved. 30 00 My name is Naphtali Moshe Aphane, a first-year student studying for a Bachelor of Accounting at the University of Johannesburg (UJ). As a Commerce 100 student, I have done a lot of academic writing that requires extensive research. I have learned a lot of skills from doing research. I have learned how to perform well under pressure. I have learned to think critically about certain problems and solve them without falling short of ethics. Commerce 100 equips us, students, with the necessary knowledge on how to gather, integrate, and spread widely the information that can provide us with a global overview of the business environment in a multicultural context (Hughes, 2024). This module provides students with insight into managing certain crises in the business from a manager’s perspective. This is done by reading case studies and solving a problem from a manager’s perspective. This work will elaborate more on how those points were achieved. 20 00 Open Access Naphtali Moshe Aphane 4 03 06 10.64449/9780639890067-04 21 27 7 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Impact of AI on Undergraduate Learning 1 A01 Tana Goate Tana Goate 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 01 eng 02 00 Coming from somebody who was in matric last year and has recently been launched into a world of hard work, continuous study, and emerging technology, I must admit that AI is a fascinating technological tool that has captivated the minds of many. 03 00 Coming from somebody who was in matric last year and has recently been launched into a world of hard work, continuous study, and emerging technology, I must admit that AI is a fascinating technological tool that has captivated the minds of many. It can be used for just about anything, especially helping the upcoming generations of professionals – for good or for bad. This essay aims to discuss various effects that AI has had on modern practices, with a focus on how it has affected the study of undergraduates. 30 00 Coming from somebody who was in matric last year and has recently been launched into a world of hard work, continuous study, and emerging technology, I must admit that AI is a fascinating technological tool that has captivated the minds of many. It can be used for just about anything, especially helping the upcoming generations of professionals – for good or for bad. This essay aims to discuss various effects that AI has had on modern practices, with a focus on how it has affected the study of undergraduates. 20 00 Open Access Tana Goate 5 03 06 10.64449/9780639890067-05 29 33 5 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Development of Employees Time‑Tracking App 1 A01 A. Madonsela A. Madonsela 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 2 A01 N. Sindane N N. Sindane 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 3 A01 X. Maluleke X Maluleke 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 4 A01 A. Matlala A Matlala 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 5 A01 A. Govender A Govender 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 6 A01 M. Masikhwa M Masikhwa 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 7 A01 K. Dikolobe K Dikolobe 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 8 A01 A. Dabulamanzi A Dabulamanzi 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 9 A01 A. Mavimbela A Mavimbela 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 01 eng 02 00 Through the creation of a mobile-based employee time-tracking application, the SMART TIME app initiative seeks to enhance time management in businesses. The research team thoroughly examined current time-tracking programmes and modified them to satisfy the requirements of a fictional business. 03 00 Through the creation of a mobile-based employee time-tracking application, the SMART TIME app initiative seeks to enhance time management in businesses. The research team thoroughly examined current time-tracking programmes and modified them to satisfy the requirements of a fictional business. By reducing administrative work and avoiding fraudulent clock-ins, they sought to develop an intuitive mobile application that improves payroll processing, expedites time tracking, and increases productivity. 30 00 Through the creation of a mobile-based employee time-tracking application, the SMART TIME app initiative seeks to enhance time management in businesses. The research team thoroughly examined current time-tracking programmes and modified them to satisfy the requirements of a fictional business. By reducing administrative work and avoiding fraudulent clock-ins, they sought to develop an intuitive mobile application that improves payroll processing, expedites time tracking, and increases productivity. 20 00 Open Access A. Madonsela, N. Sindane, X. Maluleke, A. Matlala, A. Govender, M. Masikhwa, K. Dikolobe, A. Dabulamanzi, A. Mavimbela 6 03 06 10.64449/9780639890067-06 35 42 8 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Use of Current Cutting-Edge Technologies in South African Physical Sciences Classrooms 1 A01 Samukelo Sibiya Samukelo Sibiya 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 01 eng 02 00 Technology is a dynamic tool that has revolutionised numerous vocational industries, particularly education. As an undergraduate student at the University of Johannesburg with majors in physical sciences and life sciences, it is troublesome and fascinating to observe and witness the potential and problems that arise due 03 00 Technology is a dynamic tool that has revolutionised numerous vocational industries, particularly education. As an undergraduate student at the University of Johannesburg with majors in physical sciences and life sciences, it is troublesome and fascinating to observe and witness the potential and problems that arise due to the adoption of different technologies for physical sciences teaching and learning in South African classrooms. Tools such as virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), and AI can help students visualise complex scientific phenomena that might be difficult to grasp through traditional methods. However, the integration of these technologies presents significant challenges, especially in the context of South Africa, where there are disparities in access to resources, limited funding, and gaps in teacher training. This duality of immense potential constrained by practical challenges highlights both the promise and the complexity of effectively integrating technology into education. 30 00 Technology is a dynamic tool that has revolutionised numerous vocational industries, particularly education. As an undergraduate student at the University of Johannesburg with majors in physical sciences and life sciences, it is troublesome and fascinating to observe and witness the potential and problems that arise due to the adoption of different technologies for physical sciences teaching and learning in South African classrooms. Tools such as virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), and AI can help students visualise complex scientific phenomena that might be difficult to grasp through traditional methods. However, the integration of these technologies presents significant challenges, especially in the context of South Africa, where there are disparities in access to resources, limited funding, and gaps in teacher training. This duality of immense potential constrained by practical challenges highlights both the promise and the complexity of effectively integrating technology into education. 20 00 Open Access Samukelo Sibiya 7 03 06 10.64449/9780639890067-07 43 54 12 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Property Development in Midrand How it Physically Shaped the City 1 A01 Karabo Tshepo Shoroma Karabo Tshepo Shoroma 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 01 eng 02 00 Urbanisation has many impacts on the city landscape such as urban sprawl, and this has been perpetuated by unsustainable urban design practices by property developers. Midrand is an example of such practices and has resulted in an unfunctionally shaped city. 03 00 Urbanisation has many impacts on the city landscape such as urban sprawl, and this has been perpetuated by unsustainable urban design practices by property developers. Midrand is an example of such practices and has resulted in an unfunctionally shaped city. Sustainable urban design is important because it helps mitigate the issues caused by urbanisation, and it is important for property developers to implement these practices, as they yield good results. Waterfall City, a large mixed-use development, may be an example of such a city. This study aims to prove that the design of Waterfall is one of the first examples of sustainable urban design in South Africa. The methodology used in this study is qualitative, which uses both primary and secondary data as the collection method as well as observations of the city. These data have then been textually analysed, and the elements of Waterfall City have been compared with parts of Midrand, focusing on the roads and layout, amenities, and green open spaces to conclude that Waterfall City’s urban design is sustainable and that property developers can promote unsustainable communities. 30 00 Urbanisation has many impacts on the city landscape such as urban sprawl, and this has been perpetuated by unsustainable urban design practices by property developers. Midrand is an example of such practices and has resulted in an unfunctionally shaped city. Sustainable urban design is important because it helps mitigate the issues caused by urbanisation, and it is important for property developers to implement these practices, as they yield good results. Waterfall City, a large mixed-use development, may be an example of such a city. This study aims to prove that the design of Waterfall is one of the first examples of sustainable urban design in South Africa. The methodology used in this study is qualitative, which uses both primary and secondary data as the collection method as well as observations of the city. These data have then been textually analysed, and the elements of Waterfall City have been compared with parts of Midrand, focusing on the roads and layout, amenities, and green open spaces to conclude that Waterfall City’s urban design is sustainable and that property developers can promote unsustainable communities. 20 00 Open Access Karabo Tshepo Shoroma 8 03 06 10.64449/9780639890067-08 55 64 10 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Self-Care Practices of Third-year Student Nurses at a University in Johannesburg 1 A01 Maggie Mehlape Maggie Mehlape 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 01 eng 02 00 Nursing students encounter stressors associated with nursing education, including demanding academic workloads, clinical rotations, emotional exposure to patient care, anxiety about grades and assignments, and financial problems for others. The article investigated third-year student nurses’ self-care practices 03 00 Nursing students encounter stressors associated with nursing education, including demanding academic workloads, clinical rotations, emotional exposure to patient care, anxiety about grades and assignments, and financial problems for others. The article investigated third-year student nurses’ self-care practices at the University of Johannesburg, South Africa. This study employed a quantitative research design with a cross-sectional approach. The respondents were selected usingvia convenience sampling. A demographic questionnaire and the self-care activities screening scale (SASS-14) were combined as the data collection tool. Descriptive statistics were used for data analysis. The study revealed that a considerable majority of student nurses sleep less than 7–8 hours daily, consume insufficient nutritious food and water, rarely engage in physical activities, and need more time for self-connection and health examination. According to these findings, nursing students must prioritise self-care. 30 00 Nursing students encounter stressors associated with nursing education, including demanding academic workloads, clinical rotations, emotional exposure to patient care, anxiety about grades and assignments, and financial problems for others. The article investigated third-year student nurses’ self-care practices at the University of Johannesburg, South Africa. This study employed a quantitative research design with a cross-sectional approach. The respondents were selected usingvia convenience sampling. A demographic questionnaire and the self-care activities screening scale (SASS-14) were combined as the data collection tool. Descriptive statistics were used for data analysis. The study revealed that a considerable majority of student nurses sleep less than 7–8 hours daily, consume insufficient nutritious food and water, rarely engage in physical activities, and need more time for self-connection and health examination. According to these findings, nursing students must prioritise self-care. 20 00 Open Access Maggie Mehlape 9 03 06 10.64449/9780639890067-09 65 74 10 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Lived Experiences of Male Nursing Students at a Higher Education Institution in Gauteng 1 A01 Bonginkosi Yika Bonginkosi Yika 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 01 eng 02 00 The nursing profession is female-dominated, leading to the reinforcement of gender stereotypes that can marginalise male nurses. This underrepresentation of male nursing students raises concerns about their experiences and the challenges they face in educational and clinical settings. 03 00 The nursing profession is female-dominated, leading to the reinforcement of gender stereotypes that can marginalise male nurses. This underrepresentation of male nursing students raises concerns about their experiences and the challenges they face in educational and clinical settings. The aim of this study was to explore the lived experiences of male nursing students at a higher education institution in Gauteng, South Africa, with a focus on how they navigate gender norms. A qualitative, phenomenological research design involving in-depth, unstructured interviews with male nursing students was employed. The participants were recruited from the University of Johannesburg, and thematic analysis was used to identify common experiences and challenges. The findings indicate that male nursing students encounter significant challenges related to societal stereotypes, leading to feelings of isolation and questioning of their career choices. The study highlighted the need for greater awareness and support for male nursing students to address the challenges they face. 30 00 The nursing profession is female-dominated, leading to the reinforcement of gender stereotypes that can marginalise male nurses. This underrepresentation of male nursing students raises concerns about their experiences and the challenges they face in educational and clinical settings. The aim of this study was to explore the lived experiences of male nursing students at a higher education institution in Gauteng, South Africa, with a focus on how they navigate gender norms. A qualitative, phenomenological research design involving in-depth, unstructured interviews with male nursing students was employed. The participants were recruited from the University of Johannesburg, and thematic analysis was used to identify common experiences and challenges. The findings indicate that male nursing students encounter significant challenges related to societal stereotypes, leading to feelings of isolation and questioning of their career choices. The study highlighted the need for greater awareness and support for male nursing students to address the challenges they face. 20 00 Open Access Bonginkosi Yika 10 03 06 10.64449/9780639890067-10 75 84 10 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Does Music Represent? A “Heavy” Defence of Representationalism 1 A01 Martin Gammon Martin Gammon 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 01 eng 02 00 Does music represent the world? If the point of art in general, and music in particular, is to help us understand the world, then music must surely be about the world, and so it must represent it somehow. 03 00 Does music represent the world? If the point of art in general, and music in particular, is to help us understand the world, then music must surely be about the world, and so it must represent it somehow. In contrast to this view, Roger Scruton defends an anti-representationalist position, arguing that, as an abstract art, music has no power to represent the world. In this paper, I develop a four-point critique of his view, using the work of Michael Morris (2012), Aaron Ridley (2004), Robert Walser (1992), Peter Kivy (1990), and Carl Dahlhaus (1989), as well as a comparison of the metal and classical genres of music to make my case. 30 00 Does music represent the world? If the point of art in general, and music in particular, is to help us understand the world, then music must surely be about the world, and so it must represent it somehow. In contrast to this view, Roger Scruton defends an anti-representationalist position, arguing that, as an abstract art, music has no power to represent the world. In this paper, I develop a four-point critique of his view, using the work of Michael Morris (2012), Aaron Ridley (2004), Robert Walser (1992), Peter Kivy (1990), and Carl Dahlhaus (1989), as well as a comparison of the metal and classical genres of music to make my case. 20 00 Open Access Martin Gammon 11 03 06 10.64449/9780639890067-11 85 92 8 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Masculinity, Culture and the Demise of “Man” 1 A01 Razeen Le Roux Razeen Le Roux 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 01 eng 02 00 In this essay, I unpack the concept of masculinity and how it is utilised in the construction of masculine social identities. Understanding the social construction of masculinity is crucial for comprehending gender identities and their relationships with one’s personality and way of being. 03 00 In this essay, I unpack the concept of masculinity and how it is utilised in the construction of masculine social identities. Understanding the social construction of masculinity is crucial for comprehending gender identities and their relationships with one’s personality and way of being. This paper argues that masculinity is a fluid and multifaceted concept shaped by hegemonic ideals that often restrict men’s emotional expression and behaviour. I intend to demonstrate, first, that masculinity is socially constructed and reinforced through performance. Second, I illustrate how it limits men’s potential for personal growth and authentic expression. I employ Judith Butler’s (1999) account of gender performativity to display performative aspects of masculinity and how rare genuine portrayals of masculinity can be. I highlight the ways in which gender is enacted through social interactions and behaviours. In the final section of the paper, I discuss the limitations of hegemonic masculinity and the importance of embracing diverse forms of masculinity. 30 00 In this essay, I unpack the concept of masculinity and how it is utilised in the construction of masculine social identities. Understanding the social construction of masculinity is crucial for comprehending gender identities and their relationships with one’s personality and way of being. This paper argues that masculinity is a fluid and multifaceted concept shaped by hegemonic ideals that often restrict men’s emotional expression and behaviour. I intend to demonstrate, first, that masculinity is socially constructed and reinforced through performance. Second, I illustrate how it limits men’s potential for personal growth and authentic expression. I employ Judith Butler’s (1999) account of gender performativity to display performative aspects of masculinity and how rare genuine portrayals of masculinity can be. I highlight the ways in which gender is enacted through social interactions and behaviours. In the final section of the paper, I discuss the limitations of hegemonic masculinity and the importance of embracing diverse forms of masculinity. 20 00 Open Access Razeen Le Roux 12 03 06 10.64449/9780639890067-12 93 100 8 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Life and Meaning 1 A01 Yusuf Momoniat Yusuf Momoniat 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 01 eng 02 00 The question of life’s meaning has haunted humanity since we have been able to think. This question still plagues us because of the universe’s unwillingness to answer our calls. There are questions that people ask themselves all the time, after receiving no convincing answers. 03 00 The question of life’s meaning has haunted humanity since we have been able to think. This question still plagues us because of the universe’s unwillingness to answer our calls. There are questions that people ask themselves all the time, after receiving no convincing answers. These include questions about what their life means, whether it has a meaning at all, and the question that can be asked recursively about life to no end: Why? In this essay, I focus on the following common thread of all such questions: What meaning, if any, is there to life? 30 00 The question of life’s meaning has haunted humanity since we have been able to think. This question still plagues us because of the universe’s unwillingness to answer our calls. There are questions that people ask themselves all the time, after receiving no convincing answers. These include questions about what their life means, whether it has a meaning at all, and the question that can be asked recursively about life to no end: Why? In this essay, I focus on the following common thread of all such questions: What meaning, if any, is there to life? 20 00 Open Access Yusuf Momoniat 13 03 06 10.64449/9780639890067-13 101 108 8 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Migration A Perspective on Poor Basic Service Delivery for Refugees in South Africa 1 A01 Mynah Matekenya Mynah Matekenya 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 01 eng 02 00 In terms of the 1951 Refugee Convention, a refugee is defined as a person who has fled his or her country forcefully because of fear of persecution, violence or war.1 This Convention, among other International Conventions and national legislation, provides for the rights aimed for refugees and how those rights are to be implemented and protected. W 03 00 In terms of the 1951 Refugee Convention, a refugee is defined as a person who has fled his or her country forcefully because of fear of persecution, violence or war.1 This Convention, among other International Conventions and national legislation, provides for the rights aimed for refugees and how those rights are to be implemented and protected. Whether the South African government adequately provides for such rights and services is a question of fact. Legislation exists, but is the South African government complying with it in administering service delivery for refugees? This essay, from a South African context, first discusses how the international legal framework and national legislation are shaped to cater to and protect the rights of refugees. Second, the essay discusses the extent to which the South African government provides shelter for refugees. It will continue to discuss the provision of education to refugees. From thereon, it discusses the extent to which it provides healthcare services. Lastly, it addresses South Africa’s compliance with the Sustainable Development Goals and criticism thereof. 30 00 In terms of the 1951 Refugee Convention, a refugee is defined as a person who has fled his or her country forcefully because of fear of persecution, violence or war.1 This Convention, among other International Conventions and national legislation, provides for the rights aimed for refugees and how those rights are to be implemented and protected. Whether the South African government adequately provides for such rights and services is a question of fact. Legislation exists, but is the South African government complying with it in administering service delivery for refugees? This essay, from a South African context, first discusses how the international legal framework and national legislation are shaped to cater to and protect the rights of refugees. Second, the essay discusses the extent to which the South African government provides shelter for refugees. It will continue to discuss the provision of education to refugees. From thereon, it discusses the extent to which it provides healthcare services. Lastly, it addresses South Africa’s compliance with the Sustainable Development Goals and criticism thereof. 20 00 Open Access Mynah Matekenya 14 03 06 10.64449/9780639890067-14 109 115 7 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Is International Law “Law”? 1 A01 Mvelo Nyamelo Mvelo Nyamelo 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 01 eng 02 00 In terms of international law, there is high contestation and a long-standing debate on whether international law falls under the accepted view of ‘law’. 03 00 In terms of international law, there is high contestation and a long-standing debate on whether international law falls under the accepted view of ‘law’. One school of thought states that international law establishes standards and norms that are accepted by nations, organisations, and individuals, consequently establishing guidelines for conduct in areas such as trade, the environment, and human rights. The legally binding responsibilities established by treaties, conventions, and customary practices – which governments often abide by – illustrate the regulative power of its law. 30 00 In terms of international law, there is high contestation and a long-standing debate on whether international law falls under the accepted view of ‘law’. One school of thought states that international law establishes standards and norms that are accepted by nations, organisations, and individuals, consequently establishing guidelines for conduct in areas such as trade, the environment, and human rights. The legally binding responsibilities established by treaties, conventions, and customary practices – which governments often abide by – illustrate the regulative power of its law. 20 00 Open Access Mvelo Nyamelo 15 03 06 10.64449/9780639890067-15 117 125 9 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 The Re-Appraisal of De Facto Adoption in the South African Law of Intestate Succession 1 A01 Parele Shamase Parele Shamase 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 01 eng 02 00 The eve of the early 2000s signified the genesis of judicial disapproval of the under inclusiveness of the Intestate Succession Act 81 of 1987. Flynn v Farr 2009 1 SA 584 (C) is a notable exception. In that case, Davis J upheld the restrictive proposition that factually adopted children have no claim against the intestate estate of the factual adop 03 00 The eve of the early 2000s signified the genesis of judicial disapproval of the under inclusiveness of the Intestate Succession Act 81 of 1987. Flynn v Farr 2009 1 SA 584 (C) is a notable exception. In that case, Davis J upheld the restrictive proposition that factually adopted children have no claim against the intestate estate of the factual adoptive parent (“the narrow approach”). The concept of factual adoption denotes an informal form of adoption where a child is adopted without observing the formal dictates of adoption. With the benefit of hindsight, this paper argues that investing in the narrow approach to adoption stands at odds with the right to equality, the development of new family structures and the best interests of the child. This paper illustrates how the mechanical preference for formal adoption and myopic exclusion of factual adoption prevents the contextual operation of the de facto doctrine and the best interests of the child in intestate succession. Furthermore, this paper argues that the narrow approach is too restrictive in the sense that it threatens the rights and emergence of constitutionally recognised family models. Additionally, this paper notes that the narrow approach may constitute unfair discrimination against factually adopted children on the grounds of birth (or analogous grounds of adoptive status). 30 00 The eve of the early 2000s signified the genesis of judicial disapproval of the under inclusiveness of the Intestate Succession Act 81 of 1987. Flynn v Farr 2009 1 SA 584 (C) is a notable exception. In that case, Davis J upheld the restrictive proposition that factually adopted children have no claim against the intestate estate of the factual adoptive parent (“the narrow approach”). The concept of factual adoption denotes an informal form of adoption where a child is adopted without observing the formal dictates of adoption. With the benefit of hindsight, this paper argues that investing in the narrow approach to adoption stands at odds with the right to equality, the development of new family structures and the best interests of the child. This paper illustrates how the mechanical preference for formal adoption and myopic exclusion of factual adoption prevents the contextual operation of the de facto doctrine and the best interests of the child in intestate succession. Furthermore, this paper argues that the narrow approach is too restrictive in the sense that it threatens the rights and emergence of constitutionally recognised family models. Additionally, this paper notes that the narrow approach may constitute unfair discrimination against factually adopted children on the grounds of birth (or analogous grounds of adoptive status). 20 00 Open Access Parele Shamase 16 03 06 10.64449/9780639890067-16 127 138 12 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Development of a Novel Sorghum and Prickly Pear-Infused Cream Liqueur (Afro- Craft) 1 A01 T Mabusa T Mabusa 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 2 A01 S Mangonye S Mangonye 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 3 A01 X Mashakeni X Mashakeni 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 4 A01 A Matsapola A Matsapola 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 5 A01 V Ramongane Ramongane Ramongane 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 01 eng 02 00 This study presents the development and characterisation of a novel sorghum- and prickly pear-infused cream liqueur, a unique and innovative alcoholic beverage that combines the natural sweetness of sorghum with the delicate flavour of prickly pears. 03 00 This study presents the development and characterisation of a novel sorghum- and prickly pear-infused cream liqueur, a unique and innovative alcoholic beverage that combines the natural sweetness of sorghum with the delicate flavour of prickly pears. The increasing demand for craft spirits, exotic ingredients and unique flavour profiles drives the need for innovative products that cater to these trends. 30 00 This study presents the development and characterisation of a novel sorghum- and prickly pear-infused cream liqueur, a unique and innovative alcoholic beverage that combines the natural sweetness of sorghum with the delicate flavour of prickly pears. The increasing demand for craft spirits, exotic ingredients and unique flavour profiles drives the need for innovative products that cater to these trends. 20 00 Open Access T Mabusa, S Mangonye, X Mashakeni, A Matsapola, V Ramongane 17 03 06 10.64449/9780639890067-17 139 145 7 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Bridging the Gap Accessible Sustainable Design for South African Impoverished Communities 1 A01 Ditshegofatso Maoto Ditshegofatso Maoto 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 01 eng 02 00 There is a deep need to create sustainable, conscious and reliable design solutions given our current environmental state so that the planet can be preserved for future generations. The role of designers is crucial, as they shape the current visual landscape, as good designs are what makes our daily life better. 03 00 There is a deep need to create sustainable, conscious and reliable design solutions given our current environmental state so that the planet can be preserved for future generations. The role of designers is crucial, as they shape the current visual landscape, as good designs are what makes our daily life better. Over the past few years, the designer’s role has become more important, especially within the context of sustainability and environmentalism, to become more conscious of design. 30 00 There is a deep need to create sustainable, conscious and reliable design solutions given our current environmental state so that the planet can be preserved for future generations. The role of designers is crucial, as they shape the current visual landscape, as good designs are what makes our daily life better. Over the past few years, the designer’s role has become more important, especially within the context of sustainability and environmentalism, to become more conscious of design. 20 00 Open Access Ditshegofatso Maoto 18 03 06 10.64449/9780639890067-18 147 152 6 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Reviving Marlboro Marlboro, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa 1 A01 Caitlin Hamilton Caitlin Hamilton 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 2 A01 Kyle Pillay Kyle Pillay 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 3 A01 Nosipho Mshengu Nosipho Mshengu 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 4 A01 Tshlolofelo Tloome Tshlolofelo Tloome 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 5 A01 Nonkanyiso Nyide Nonkanyiso Nyide 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 01 eng 02 00 Northeast of Johannesburg’s bustling hub lies the Marlboro suburb, which connects to the famously known township of Alexandra. The site we were allocated falls within a 1km radius between the busy N3 highway interchange on Marlboro Drive, which is part of the Jukskei River, and the not-so-old but quiet Marlboro Gautrain station. 03 00 Northeast of Johannesburg’s bustling hub lies the Marlboro suburb, which connects to the famously known township of Alexandra. The site we were allocated falls within a 1km radius between the busy N3 highway interchange on Marlboro Drive, which is part of the Jukskei River, and the not-so-old but quiet Marlboro Gautrain station. The site and surrounding developments face major challenges such as river pollution, inadequate and affordable housing, safe pedestrian nodes, and public spaces. 30 00 Northeast of Johannesburg’s bustling hub lies the Marlboro suburb, which connects to the famously known township of Alexandra. The site we were allocated falls within a 1km radius between the busy N3 highway interchange on Marlboro Drive, which is part of the Jukskei River, and the not-so-old but quiet Marlboro Gautrain station. The site and surrounding developments face major challenges such as river pollution, inadequate and affordable housing, safe pedestrian nodes, and public spaces. 20 00 Open Access Caitlin Hamilton, Kyle Pillay, Nosipho Mshengu, Tshlolofelo Tloome, Nonkanyiso Nyide 19 03 06 10.64449/9780639890067-19 153 170 18 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Chapter 01 01 Fashion Theory 3 1 A01 Njabulo Dlamini Njabulo Dlamini 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 01 eng 02 00 In recent years, fantasy-themed balls, masquerades and similar mystical events for adults have been hosted by new companies that benefit from both the post-pandemic Millennial and Gen Z consumers, who desire to participate in experiences and the rise of romance and fantasy books on social media platform 03 00 In recent years, fantasy-themed balls, masquerades and similar mystical events for adults have been hosted by new companies that benefit from both the post-pandemic Millennial and Gen Z consumers, who desire to participate in experiences and the rise of romance and fantasy books on social media platforms such as TikTok, Instagram and YouTube. These events allowed the participants to dress up in fantasy-themed garments or, in the evening, wear and unite with character actors. (Rothenburg. 2024) 30 00 In recent years, fantasy-themed balls, masquerades and similar mystical events for adults have been hosted by new companies that benefit from both the post-pandemic Millennial and Gen Z consumers, who desire to participate in experiences and the rise of romance and fantasy books on social media platforms such as TikTok, Instagram and YouTube. These events allowed the participants to dress up in fantasy-themed garments or, in the evening, wear and unite with character actors. (Rothenburg. 2024) 20 00 Open Access Njabulo Dlamini 20 03 06 10.64449/9780639890067-20 171 184 14 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Methods Manual 1 A01 Nadine Herbst Nadine Herbst 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 01 eng 02 00 The methods manual is a reflective journey through which I develop a natural understanding of my design process. It involves documenting and reflecting on my methods based on my experience as a postgraduate student and the knowledge I have gained over the past three years. 03 00 The methods manual is a reflective journey through which I develop a natural understanding of my design process. It involves documenting and reflecting on my methods based on my experience as a postgraduate student and the knowledge I have gained over the past three years. These methods prepare me to work with diverse people and the ability to understand any project brief from the beginning. 30 00 The methods manual is a reflective journey through which I develop a natural understanding of my design process. It involves documenting and reflecting on my methods based on my experience as a postgraduate student and the knowledge I have gained over the past three years. These methods prepare me to work with diverse people and the ability to understand any project brief from the beginning. 20 00 Open Access Nadine Herbst 21 03 06 10.64449/9780639890067-21 185 191 7 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Paper Pulp Plastic Bag 1 A01 Morgan Potgieter Morgan Potgieter 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 01 eng 02 00 In today’s world, the concept of sustainability has become increasingly vital as we confront pressing environmental challenges and seek ways to ensure a prosperous future for generations to come (Enel Group, 2023). At its core, sustainability in design represents a proactive approach that considers the entire lifecycle of products (Interaction Desi 03 00 In today’s world, the concept of sustainability has become increasingly vital as we confront pressing environmental challenges and seek ways to ensure a prosperous future for generations to come (Enel Group, 2023). At its core, sustainability in design represents a proactive approach that considers the entire lifecycle of products (Interaction Design Foundation, 2023). This general perspective aims to minimise environmental impact, conserve resources, and promote ethical practices throughout production and consumption processes (Acaroglu, 2020). 30 00 In today’s world, the concept of sustainability has become increasingly vital as we confront pressing environmental challenges and seek ways to ensure a prosperous future for generations to come (Enel Group, 2023). At its core, sustainability in design represents a proactive approach that considers the entire lifecycle of products (Interaction Design Foundation, 2023). This general perspective aims to minimise environmental impact, conserve resources, and promote ethical practices throughout production and consumption processes (Acaroglu, 2020). 20 00 Open Access Morgan Potgieter 22 03 06 10.64449/9780639890067-22 193 196 4 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Market Research 1 A01 Lebohang Mosia Lebohang Mosia 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 01 eng 02 00 Since silver is a premium metal, sterling denim emphasises excellence. My denim collection consists of the most upscale, exquisite, luxurious, and sophisticated designs. It suggests superiority, flawlessness, and opulence – qualities. 03 00 Since silver is a premium metal, sterling denim emphasises excellence. My denim collection consists of the most upscale, exquisite, luxurious, and sophisticated designs. It suggests superiority, flawlessness, and opulence – qualities. My love of luxury and upscale apparel serves as my source of inspiration. I aim to develop a brand that embodies sophistication and quality while still being sensual and commanding attention. 30 00 Since silver is a premium metal, sterling denim emphasises excellence. My denim collection consists of the most upscale, exquisite, luxurious, and sophisticated designs. It suggests superiority, flawlessness, and opulence – qualities. My love of luxury and upscale apparel serves as my source of inspiration. I aim to develop a brand that embodies sophistication and quality while still being sensual and commanding attention. 20 00 Open Access Lebohang Mosia 23 03 06 10.64449/9780639890067-23 197 206 10 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Revitalising Mine Dump 1 A01 Johannes Schoeman Johannes Schoeman 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 01 eng 02 00 The Mooifontein Sports Centre project is an ambitious urban regeneration initiative located under the Mooifontein mine dump, an area historically disconnected from the surrounding communities of Diepkloof, Soccer City, and the NASREC precincts. Situated within Johannesburg’s industrial mining belt, the site presents both challenges and opportunitie 03 00 The Mooifontein Sports Centre project is an ambitious urban regeneration initiative located under the Mooifontein mine dump, an area historically disconnected from the surrounding communities of Diepkloof, Soccer City, and the NASREC precincts. Situated within Johannesburg’s industrial mining belt, the site presents both challenges and opportunities for revitalisation. The vision for the project is to transform this forgotten landscape into a thriving sports hub, with a key focus on promoting women’s football, particularly through the development of a football academy for Banyana Banyana, South Africa’s national women’s football team. 30 00 The Mooifontein Sports Centre project is an ambitious urban regeneration initiative located under the Mooifontein mine dump, an area historically disconnected from the surrounding communities of Diepkloof, Soccer City, and the NASREC precincts. Situated within Johannesburg’s industrial mining belt, the site presents both challenges and opportunities for revitalisation. The vision for the project is to transform this forgotten landscape into a thriving sports hub, with a key focus on promoting women’s football, particularly through the development of a football academy for Banyana Banyana, South Africa’s national women’s football team. 20 00 Open Access Johannes Schoeman UJ Press 01 URL https://ujpress.uj.ac.za 01 UJ Press 01 Publisher's website: home page https://ujpress.uj.ac.za/ 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/370 Johannesburg 04 01 20250826 Nkosini Ngwenya; Wandile Khumalo, Nqobile Zwane, Naphtali Moshe Aphane, Tana Goate, A. Madonsela et al, Samukelo Sibiya, Karabo Tshepo Shoroma, Maggie Mehlape, Bonginkosi Yika, Martin Gammon, Razeen Le Roux, Yusuf Momoniat, Mynah Matekenya, Mvelo Nyamelo, Parele Shamase, T Mabusa et al, Ditshegofatso Maoto, Caitlin Hamilton et al, Njabulo Dlamini, Nadine Herbst, Morgan Potgieter, Lebohang Mosia, Johannes Schoeman 02 WORLD 06 15 9780639890050 06 15 9780639890081 06 15 9780639890074 WORLD 11 Unknown 36 Unspecified hosting platform: webpage for this product https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/370 29 Unspecified hosting platform: download the title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/view/370/1252/5105 20 08 20250826 01 11 THOTH 36 THOTH: webpage for this product https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/370 29 THOTH: download the title https://books.ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/10.64449/9780639890067.pdf 20 08 20250826 01 urn:uuid:047eb5e0-8a1b-4440-a378-b99cd0093305 03 01 01 thoth-work-id urn:uuid:1a4d0714-7dc3-44e2-ac37-6821dbcf67be 01 thoth-publication-id urn:uuid:047eb5e0-8a1b-4440-a378-b99cd0093305 15 9780639890081 06 10.64449/9780639890067 00 EB E113 10 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 01 01 2024 Undergraduate Research Conference 1 B01 Nkosini Ngwenya Nkosini Ngwenya 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 2 A01 Wandile Khumalo Wandile Khumalo 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 3 A01 Nqobile Zwane Nqobile Zwane 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 4 A01 Naphtali Moshe Aphane Naphtali Moshe Aphane 5 A01 Tana Goate Tana Goate 6 A01 A. Madonsela A. Madonsela 7 A01 N. Sindane N N. Sindane 8 A01 X. Maluleke X Maluleke 9 A01 A. Matlala A Matlala 10 A01 A. Govender A Govender 11 A01 M. Masikhwa M Masikhwa 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 12 A01 A. Dabulamanzi A Dabulamanzi 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 13 A01 A. Mavimbela A Mavimbela 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 15 A01 Samukelo Sibiya Samukelo Sibiya 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 16 A01 Karabo Tshepo Shoroma Karabo Tshepo Shoroma 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 17 A01 Maggie Mehlape Maggie Mehlape 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 18 A01 Bonginkosi Yika Bonginkosi Yika 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 19 A01 21 0000-0001-9545-0909 Martin Gammon Martin Gammon 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 20 A01 Razeen Le Roux Razeen Le Roux 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 21 A01 21 0009-0000-4778-2466 Yusuf Momoniat Yusuf Momoniat 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 22 A01 Mvelo Nyamelo Mvelo Nyamelo 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 23 A01 21 0009-0008-5827-115X Parele Shamase Parele Shamase 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 31 A01 Ditshegofatso Maoto Ditshegofatso Maoto 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 32 A01 Caitlin Hamilton Caitlin Hamilton 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 33 A01 Njabulo Dlamini Njabulo Dlamini 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 34 A01 Nadine Herbst Nadine Herbst 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 35 A01 Morgan Potgieter Morgan Potgieter 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 36 A01 Lebohang Mosia Lebohang Mosia 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 37 B01 Johannes Schoeman Johannes Schoeman 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 01 eng 00 218 03 10 EDU037000 93 GPS 20 Undergraduate 20 research 20 University of Johannesburg 01 06 02 00 The Academic Development Centre (ADC) and the UJ Library presented the fourth annual Undergraduate Research Conference on the 1st of October 2024. 03 00 The Academic Development Centre (ADC) and the UJ Library presented the fourth annual Undergraduate Research Conference on the 1st of October 2024. The broad purpose of the conference was to showcase undergraduate research at UJ and to develop undergraduate students in preparation for possible postgraduate studies. All Faculties and the College were represented in what was a cross-disciplinary conference. In addition to the conference, students wrote short articles about their research projects. The articles are presented in this first edition of the UJ Undergraduate Research Conference (UGRC) monograph. 30 00 The Academic Development Centre (ADC) and the UJ Library presented the fourth annual Undergraduate Research Conference on the 1st of October 2024. The broad purpose of the conference was to showcase undergraduate research at UJ and to develop undergraduate students in preparation for possible postgraduate studies. All Faculties and the College were represented in what was a cross-disciplinary conference. In addition to the conference, students wrote short articles about their research projects. The articles are presented in this first edition of the UJ Undergraduate Research Conference (UGRC) monograph. 04 00 Access and Barriers to Education in Africa Wandile Khumalo DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639890067-01 PDF How Commerce 100 can Help in Integrative Learning and Enhanced Metacognition for First-year Bachelor of Accounting Students Nqobile Zwane DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639890067-02 PDF A Reflection on my Journey as a First-Year Bachelor of Accounting Student at UJ Naphtali Moshe Aphane DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639890067-03 PDF Impact of AI on Undergraduate Learning Tana Goate DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639890067-04 PDF Development of Employees Time‑Tracking App A. Madonsela DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639890067-05 PDF Use of Current Cutting-Edge Technologies in South African Physical Sciences Classrooms Samukelo Sibiya DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639890067-06 PDF Property Development in Midrand How it Physically Shaped the City Karabo Tshepo Shoroma DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639890067-07 PDF Self-Care Practices of Third-year Student Nurses at a University in Johannesburg Maggie Mehlape DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639890067-08 PDF Lived Experiences of Male Nursing Students at a Higher Education Institution in Gauteng Bonginkosi Yika DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639890067-09 PDF Does Music Represent? A “Heavy” Defence of Representationalism Martin Gammon DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639890067-10 PDF Masculinity, Culture and the Demise of “Man” Razeen Le Roux DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639890067-11 PDF Life and Meaning Yusuf Momoniat DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639890067-12 PDF Migration A Perspective on Poor Basic Service Delivery for Refugees in South Africa Mynah Matekenya DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639890067-13 PDF Is International Law “Law”? Mvelo Nyamelo DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639890067-14 PDF The Re-Appraisal of De Facto Adoption in the South African Law of Intestate Succession Parele Shamase DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639890067-15 PDF Development of a Novel Sorghum and Prickly Pear-Infused Cream Liqueur (Afro- Craft) T Mabusa DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639890067-16 PDF Bridging the Gap Accessible Sustainable Design for South African Impoverished Communities Ditshegofatso Maoto DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639890067-17 PDF Reviving Marlboro Marlboro, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa Caitlin Hamilton DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639890067-18 PDF Fashion Theory 3 Njabulo Dlamini DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639890067-19 PDF Methods Manual Nadine Herbst DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639890067-20 PDF Paper Pulp Plastic Bag Morgan Potgieter DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639890067-21 PDF Market Research Lebohang Mosia DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639890067-22 PDF Revitalising Mine Dump Johannes Schoeman DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639890067-23 PDF 20 00 Open Access 01 00 03 02 https://books.ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/10.64449/9780639890067_frontcover.jpg 1 03 06 10.64449/9780639890067-01 3 5 4 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Access and Barriers to Education in Africa 1 A01 21 0000-0002-6270-894X Wandile Khumalo Wandile Khumalo 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 01 eng 02 00 Africa is known for many things; one of the things it is famously known for is the fact that it has the youngest population in the world. However, access to education for many of these young people is still an issue. 03 00 Africa is known for many things; one of the things it is famously known for is the fact that it has the youngest population in the world. However, access to education for many of these young people is still an issue. This article addresses the topic of access and barriers to quality education in Africa. 30 00 Africa is known for many things; one of the things it is famously known for is the fact that it has the youngest population in the world. However, access to education for many of these young people is still an issue. This article addresses the topic of access and barriers to quality education in Africa. 20 00 Open Access Wandile Khumalo 2 03 06 10.64449/9780639890067-02 7 13 7 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 How Commerce 100 can Help in Integrative Learning and Enhanced Metacognition for First-year Bachelor of Accounting Students 1 A01 21 0000-0003-2147-8743 Nqobile Zwane Nqobile Zwane 01 eng 02 00 Accounting is best described as a dynamic and an ever-evolving environment. The best depiction of such is through its transformative nature within the competence and expertise needed by students to qualify as charted accountants. 03 00 Accounting is best described as a dynamic and an ever-evolving environment. The best depiction of such is through its transformative nature within the competence and expertise needed by students to qualify as charted accountants. An example of this is how SAICA has continuously revisited and renewed its competency framework, dating from its first revamp in 2021 to the continuous updates approved in October 2023 (SAICA). 30 00 Accounting is best described as a dynamic and an ever-evolving environment. The best depiction of such is through its transformative nature within the competence and expertise needed by students to qualify as charted accountants. An example of this is how SAICA has continuously revisited and renewed its competency framework, dating from its first revamp in 2021 to the continuous updates approved in October 2023 (SAICA). 20 00 Open Access Nqobile Zwane 3 03 06 10.64449/9780639890067-03 15 19 5 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 A Reflection on my Journey as a First-Year Bachelor of Accounting Student at UJ 1 A01 Naphtali Moshe Aphane Naphtali Moshe Aphane 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 01 eng 02 00 My name is Naphtali Moshe Aphane, a first-year student studying for a Bachelor of Accounting at the University of Johannesburg (UJ). As a Commerce 100 student, I have done a lot of academic writing that requires extensive research. 03 00 My name is Naphtali Moshe Aphane, a first-year student studying for a Bachelor of Accounting at the University of Johannesburg (UJ). As a Commerce 100 student, I have done a lot of academic writing that requires extensive research. I have learned a lot of skills from doing research. I have learned how to perform well under pressure. I have learned to think critically about certain problems and solve them without falling short of ethics. Commerce 100 equips us, students, with the necessary knowledge on how to gather, integrate, and spread widely the information that can provide us with a global overview of the business environment in a multicultural context (Hughes, 2024). This module provides students with insight into managing certain crises in the business from a manager’s perspective. This is done by reading case studies and solving a problem from a manager’s perspective. This work will elaborate more on how those points were achieved. 30 00 My name is Naphtali Moshe Aphane, a first-year student studying for a Bachelor of Accounting at the University of Johannesburg (UJ). As a Commerce 100 student, I have done a lot of academic writing that requires extensive research. I have learned a lot of skills from doing research. I have learned how to perform well under pressure. I have learned to think critically about certain problems and solve them without falling short of ethics. Commerce 100 equips us, students, with the necessary knowledge on how to gather, integrate, and spread widely the information that can provide us with a global overview of the business environment in a multicultural context (Hughes, 2024). This module provides students with insight into managing certain crises in the business from a manager’s perspective. This is done by reading case studies and solving a problem from a manager’s perspective. This work will elaborate more on how those points were achieved. 20 00 Open Access Naphtali Moshe Aphane 4 03 06 10.64449/9780639890067-04 21 27 7 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Impact of AI on Undergraduate Learning 1 A01 Tana Goate Tana Goate 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 01 eng 02 00 Coming from somebody who was in matric last year and has recently been launched into a world of hard work, continuous study, and emerging technology, I must admit that AI is a fascinating technological tool that has captivated the minds of many. 03 00 Coming from somebody who was in matric last year and has recently been launched into a world of hard work, continuous study, and emerging technology, I must admit that AI is a fascinating technological tool that has captivated the minds of many. It can be used for just about anything, especially helping the upcoming generations of professionals – for good or for bad. This essay aims to discuss various effects that AI has had on modern practices, with a focus on how it has affected the study of undergraduates. 30 00 Coming from somebody who was in matric last year and has recently been launched into a world of hard work, continuous study, and emerging technology, I must admit that AI is a fascinating technological tool that has captivated the minds of many. It can be used for just about anything, especially helping the upcoming generations of professionals – for good or for bad. This essay aims to discuss various effects that AI has had on modern practices, with a focus on how it has affected the study of undergraduates. 20 00 Open Access Tana Goate 5 03 06 10.64449/9780639890067-05 29 33 5 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Development of Employees Time‑Tracking App 1 A01 A. Madonsela A. Madonsela 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 2 A01 N. Sindane N N. Sindane 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 3 A01 X. Maluleke X Maluleke 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 4 A01 A. Matlala A Matlala 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 5 A01 A. Govender A Govender 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 6 A01 M. Masikhwa M Masikhwa 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 7 A01 K. Dikolobe K Dikolobe 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 8 A01 A. Dabulamanzi A Dabulamanzi 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 9 A01 A. Mavimbela A Mavimbela 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 01 eng 02 00 Through the creation of a mobile-based employee time-tracking application, the SMART TIME app initiative seeks to enhance time management in businesses. The research team thoroughly examined current time-tracking programmes and modified them to satisfy the requirements of a fictional business. 03 00 Through the creation of a mobile-based employee time-tracking application, the SMART TIME app initiative seeks to enhance time management in businesses. The research team thoroughly examined current time-tracking programmes and modified them to satisfy the requirements of a fictional business. By reducing administrative work and avoiding fraudulent clock-ins, they sought to develop an intuitive mobile application that improves payroll processing, expedites time tracking, and increases productivity. 30 00 Through the creation of a mobile-based employee time-tracking application, the SMART TIME app initiative seeks to enhance time management in businesses. The research team thoroughly examined current time-tracking programmes and modified them to satisfy the requirements of a fictional business. By reducing administrative work and avoiding fraudulent clock-ins, they sought to develop an intuitive mobile application that improves payroll processing, expedites time tracking, and increases productivity. 20 00 Open Access A. Madonsela, N. Sindane, X. Maluleke, A. Matlala, A. Govender, M. Masikhwa, K. Dikolobe, A. Dabulamanzi, A. Mavimbela 6 03 06 10.64449/9780639890067-06 35 42 8 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Use of Current Cutting-Edge Technologies in South African Physical Sciences Classrooms 1 A01 Samukelo Sibiya Samukelo Sibiya 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 01 eng 02 00 Technology is a dynamic tool that has revolutionised numerous vocational industries, particularly education. As an undergraduate student at the University of Johannesburg with majors in physical sciences and life sciences, it is troublesome and fascinating to observe and witness the potential and problems that arise due 03 00 Technology is a dynamic tool that has revolutionised numerous vocational industries, particularly education. As an undergraduate student at the University of Johannesburg with majors in physical sciences and life sciences, it is troublesome and fascinating to observe and witness the potential and problems that arise due to the adoption of different technologies for physical sciences teaching and learning in South African classrooms. Tools such as virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), and AI can help students visualise complex scientific phenomena that might be difficult to grasp through traditional methods. However, the integration of these technologies presents significant challenges, especially in the context of South Africa, where there are disparities in access to resources, limited funding, and gaps in teacher training. This duality of immense potential constrained by practical challenges highlights both the promise and the complexity of effectively integrating technology into education. 30 00 Technology is a dynamic tool that has revolutionised numerous vocational industries, particularly education. As an undergraduate student at the University of Johannesburg with majors in physical sciences and life sciences, it is troublesome and fascinating to observe and witness the potential and problems that arise due to the adoption of different technologies for physical sciences teaching and learning in South African classrooms. Tools such as virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), and AI can help students visualise complex scientific phenomena that might be difficult to grasp through traditional methods. However, the integration of these technologies presents significant challenges, especially in the context of South Africa, where there are disparities in access to resources, limited funding, and gaps in teacher training. This duality of immense potential constrained by practical challenges highlights both the promise and the complexity of effectively integrating technology into education. 20 00 Open Access Samukelo Sibiya 7 03 06 10.64449/9780639890067-07 43 54 12 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Property Development in Midrand How it Physically Shaped the City 1 A01 Karabo Tshepo Shoroma Karabo Tshepo Shoroma 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 01 eng 02 00 Urbanisation has many impacts on the city landscape such as urban sprawl, and this has been perpetuated by unsustainable urban design practices by property developers. Midrand is an example of such practices and has resulted in an unfunctionally shaped city. 03 00 Urbanisation has many impacts on the city landscape such as urban sprawl, and this has been perpetuated by unsustainable urban design practices by property developers. Midrand is an example of such practices and has resulted in an unfunctionally shaped city. Sustainable urban design is important because it helps mitigate the issues caused by urbanisation, and it is important for property developers to implement these practices, as they yield good results. Waterfall City, a large mixed-use development, may be an example of such a city. This study aims to prove that the design of Waterfall is one of the first examples of sustainable urban design in South Africa. The methodology used in this study is qualitative, which uses both primary and secondary data as the collection method as well as observations of the city. These data have then been textually analysed, and the elements of Waterfall City have been compared with parts of Midrand, focusing on the roads and layout, amenities, and green open spaces to conclude that Waterfall City’s urban design is sustainable and that property developers can promote unsustainable communities. 30 00 Urbanisation has many impacts on the city landscape such as urban sprawl, and this has been perpetuated by unsustainable urban design practices by property developers. Midrand is an example of such practices and has resulted in an unfunctionally shaped city. Sustainable urban design is important because it helps mitigate the issues caused by urbanisation, and it is important for property developers to implement these practices, as they yield good results. Waterfall City, a large mixed-use development, may be an example of such a city. This study aims to prove that the design of Waterfall is one of the first examples of sustainable urban design in South Africa. The methodology used in this study is qualitative, which uses both primary and secondary data as the collection method as well as observations of the city. These data have then been textually analysed, and the elements of Waterfall City have been compared with parts of Midrand, focusing on the roads and layout, amenities, and green open spaces to conclude that Waterfall City’s urban design is sustainable and that property developers can promote unsustainable communities. 20 00 Open Access Karabo Tshepo Shoroma 8 03 06 10.64449/9780639890067-08 55 64 10 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Self-Care Practices of Third-year Student Nurses at a University in Johannesburg 1 A01 Maggie Mehlape Maggie Mehlape 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 01 eng 02 00 Nursing students encounter stressors associated with nursing education, including demanding academic workloads, clinical rotations, emotional exposure to patient care, anxiety about grades and assignments, and financial problems for others. The article investigated third-year student nurses’ self-care practices 03 00 Nursing students encounter stressors associated with nursing education, including demanding academic workloads, clinical rotations, emotional exposure to patient care, anxiety about grades and assignments, and financial problems for others. The article investigated third-year student nurses’ self-care practices at the University of Johannesburg, South Africa. This study employed a quantitative research design with a cross-sectional approach. The respondents were selected usingvia convenience sampling. A demographic questionnaire and the self-care activities screening scale (SASS-14) were combined as the data collection tool. Descriptive statistics were used for data analysis. The study revealed that a considerable majority of student nurses sleep less than 7–8 hours daily, consume insufficient nutritious food and water, rarely engage in physical activities, and need more time for self-connection and health examination. According to these findings, nursing students must prioritise self-care. 30 00 Nursing students encounter stressors associated with nursing education, including demanding academic workloads, clinical rotations, emotional exposure to patient care, anxiety about grades and assignments, and financial problems for others. The article investigated third-year student nurses’ self-care practices at the University of Johannesburg, South Africa. This study employed a quantitative research design with a cross-sectional approach. The respondents were selected usingvia convenience sampling. A demographic questionnaire and the self-care activities screening scale (SASS-14) were combined as the data collection tool. Descriptive statistics were used for data analysis. The study revealed that a considerable majority of student nurses sleep less than 7–8 hours daily, consume insufficient nutritious food and water, rarely engage in physical activities, and need more time for self-connection and health examination. According to these findings, nursing students must prioritise self-care. 20 00 Open Access Maggie Mehlape 9 03 06 10.64449/9780639890067-09 65 74 10 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Lived Experiences of Male Nursing Students at a Higher Education Institution in Gauteng 1 A01 Bonginkosi Yika Bonginkosi Yika 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 01 eng 02 00 The nursing profession is female-dominated, leading to the reinforcement of gender stereotypes that can marginalise male nurses. This underrepresentation of male nursing students raises concerns about their experiences and the challenges they face in educational and clinical settings. 03 00 The nursing profession is female-dominated, leading to the reinforcement of gender stereotypes that can marginalise male nurses. This underrepresentation of male nursing students raises concerns about their experiences and the challenges they face in educational and clinical settings. The aim of this study was to explore the lived experiences of male nursing students at a higher education institution in Gauteng, South Africa, with a focus on how they navigate gender norms. A qualitative, phenomenological research design involving in-depth, unstructured interviews with male nursing students was employed. The participants were recruited from the University of Johannesburg, and thematic analysis was used to identify common experiences and challenges. The findings indicate that male nursing students encounter significant challenges related to societal stereotypes, leading to feelings of isolation and questioning of their career choices. The study highlighted the need for greater awareness and support for male nursing students to address the challenges they face. 30 00 The nursing profession is female-dominated, leading to the reinforcement of gender stereotypes that can marginalise male nurses. This underrepresentation of male nursing students raises concerns about their experiences and the challenges they face in educational and clinical settings. The aim of this study was to explore the lived experiences of male nursing students at a higher education institution in Gauteng, South Africa, with a focus on how they navigate gender norms. A qualitative, phenomenological research design involving in-depth, unstructured interviews with male nursing students was employed. The participants were recruited from the University of Johannesburg, and thematic analysis was used to identify common experiences and challenges. The findings indicate that male nursing students encounter significant challenges related to societal stereotypes, leading to feelings of isolation and questioning of their career choices. The study highlighted the need for greater awareness and support for male nursing students to address the challenges they face. 20 00 Open Access Bonginkosi Yika 10 03 06 10.64449/9780639890067-10 75 84 10 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Does Music Represent? A “Heavy” Defence of Representationalism 1 A01 Martin Gammon Martin Gammon 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 01 eng 02 00 Does music represent the world? If the point of art in general, and music in particular, is to help us understand the world, then music must surely be about the world, and so it must represent it somehow. 03 00 Does music represent the world? If the point of art in general, and music in particular, is to help us understand the world, then music must surely be about the world, and so it must represent it somehow. In contrast to this view, Roger Scruton defends an anti-representationalist position, arguing that, as an abstract art, music has no power to represent the world. In this paper, I develop a four-point critique of his view, using the work of Michael Morris (2012), Aaron Ridley (2004), Robert Walser (1992), Peter Kivy (1990), and Carl Dahlhaus (1989), as well as a comparison of the metal and classical genres of music to make my case. 30 00 Does music represent the world? If the point of art in general, and music in particular, is to help us understand the world, then music must surely be about the world, and so it must represent it somehow. In contrast to this view, Roger Scruton defends an anti-representationalist position, arguing that, as an abstract art, music has no power to represent the world. In this paper, I develop a four-point critique of his view, using the work of Michael Morris (2012), Aaron Ridley (2004), Robert Walser (1992), Peter Kivy (1990), and Carl Dahlhaus (1989), as well as a comparison of the metal and classical genres of music to make my case. 20 00 Open Access Martin Gammon 11 03 06 10.64449/9780639890067-11 85 92 8 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Masculinity, Culture and the Demise of “Man” 1 A01 Razeen Le Roux Razeen Le Roux 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 01 eng 02 00 In this essay, I unpack the concept of masculinity and how it is utilised in the construction of masculine social identities. Understanding the social construction of masculinity is crucial for comprehending gender identities and their relationships with one’s personality and way of being. 03 00 In this essay, I unpack the concept of masculinity and how it is utilised in the construction of masculine social identities. Understanding the social construction of masculinity is crucial for comprehending gender identities and their relationships with one’s personality and way of being. This paper argues that masculinity is a fluid and multifaceted concept shaped by hegemonic ideals that often restrict men’s emotional expression and behaviour. I intend to demonstrate, first, that masculinity is socially constructed and reinforced through performance. Second, I illustrate how it limits men’s potential for personal growth and authentic expression. I employ Judith Butler’s (1999) account of gender performativity to display performative aspects of masculinity and how rare genuine portrayals of masculinity can be. I highlight the ways in which gender is enacted through social interactions and behaviours. In the final section of the paper, I discuss the limitations of hegemonic masculinity and the importance of embracing diverse forms of masculinity. 30 00 In this essay, I unpack the concept of masculinity and how it is utilised in the construction of masculine social identities. Understanding the social construction of masculinity is crucial for comprehending gender identities and their relationships with one’s personality and way of being. This paper argues that masculinity is a fluid and multifaceted concept shaped by hegemonic ideals that often restrict men’s emotional expression and behaviour. I intend to demonstrate, first, that masculinity is socially constructed and reinforced through performance. Second, I illustrate how it limits men’s potential for personal growth and authentic expression. I employ Judith Butler’s (1999) account of gender performativity to display performative aspects of masculinity and how rare genuine portrayals of masculinity can be. I highlight the ways in which gender is enacted through social interactions and behaviours. In the final section of the paper, I discuss the limitations of hegemonic masculinity and the importance of embracing diverse forms of masculinity. 20 00 Open Access Razeen Le Roux 12 03 06 10.64449/9780639890067-12 93 100 8 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Life and Meaning 1 A01 Yusuf Momoniat Yusuf Momoniat 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 01 eng 02 00 The question of life’s meaning has haunted humanity since we have been able to think. This question still plagues us because of the universe’s unwillingness to answer our calls. There are questions that people ask themselves all the time, after receiving no convincing answers. 03 00 The question of life’s meaning has haunted humanity since we have been able to think. This question still plagues us because of the universe’s unwillingness to answer our calls. There are questions that people ask themselves all the time, after receiving no convincing answers. These include questions about what their life means, whether it has a meaning at all, and the question that can be asked recursively about life to no end: Why? In this essay, I focus on the following common thread of all such questions: What meaning, if any, is there to life? 30 00 The question of life’s meaning has haunted humanity since we have been able to think. This question still plagues us because of the universe’s unwillingness to answer our calls. There are questions that people ask themselves all the time, after receiving no convincing answers. These include questions about what their life means, whether it has a meaning at all, and the question that can be asked recursively about life to no end: Why? In this essay, I focus on the following common thread of all such questions: What meaning, if any, is there to life? 20 00 Open Access Yusuf Momoniat 13 03 06 10.64449/9780639890067-13 101 108 8 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Migration A Perspective on Poor Basic Service Delivery for Refugees in South Africa 1 A01 Mynah Matekenya Mynah Matekenya 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 01 eng 02 00 In terms of the 1951 Refugee Convention, a refugee is defined as a person who has fled his or her country forcefully because of fear of persecution, violence or war.1 This Convention, among other International Conventions and national legislation, provides for the rights aimed for refugees and how those rights are to be implemented and protected. W 03 00 In terms of the 1951 Refugee Convention, a refugee is defined as a person who has fled his or her country forcefully because of fear of persecution, violence or war.1 This Convention, among other International Conventions and national legislation, provides for the rights aimed for refugees and how those rights are to be implemented and protected. Whether the South African government adequately provides for such rights and services is a question of fact. Legislation exists, but is the South African government complying with it in administering service delivery for refugees? This essay, from a South African context, first discusses how the international legal framework and national legislation are shaped to cater to and protect the rights of refugees. Second, the essay discusses the extent to which the South African government provides shelter for refugees. It will continue to discuss the provision of education to refugees. From thereon, it discusses the extent to which it provides healthcare services. Lastly, it addresses South Africa’s compliance with the Sustainable Development Goals and criticism thereof. 30 00 In terms of the 1951 Refugee Convention, a refugee is defined as a person who has fled his or her country forcefully because of fear of persecution, violence or war.1 This Convention, among other International Conventions and national legislation, provides for the rights aimed for refugees and how those rights are to be implemented and protected. Whether the South African government adequately provides for such rights and services is a question of fact. Legislation exists, but is the South African government complying with it in administering service delivery for refugees? This essay, from a South African context, first discusses how the international legal framework and national legislation are shaped to cater to and protect the rights of refugees. Second, the essay discusses the extent to which the South African government provides shelter for refugees. It will continue to discuss the provision of education to refugees. From thereon, it discusses the extent to which it provides healthcare services. Lastly, it addresses South Africa’s compliance with the Sustainable Development Goals and criticism thereof. 20 00 Open Access Mynah Matekenya 14 03 06 10.64449/9780639890067-14 109 115 7 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Is International Law “Law”? 1 A01 Mvelo Nyamelo Mvelo Nyamelo 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 01 eng 02 00 In terms of international law, there is high contestation and a long-standing debate on whether international law falls under the accepted view of ‘law’. 03 00 In terms of international law, there is high contestation and a long-standing debate on whether international law falls under the accepted view of ‘law’. One school of thought states that international law establishes standards and norms that are accepted by nations, organisations, and individuals, consequently establishing guidelines for conduct in areas such as trade, the environment, and human rights. The legally binding responsibilities established by treaties, conventions, and customary practices – which governments often abide by – illustrate the regulative power of its law. 30 00 In terms of international law, there is high contestation and a long-standing debate on whether international law falls under the accepted view of ‘law’. One school of thought states that international law establishes standards and norms that are accepted by nations, organisations, and individuals, consequently establishing guidelines for conduct in areas such as trade, the environment, and human rights. The legally binding responsibilities established by treaties, conventions, and customary practices – which governments often abide by – illustrate the regulative power of its law. 20 00 Open Access Mvelo Nyamelo 15 03 06 10.64449/9780639890067-15 117 125 9 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 The Re-Appraisal of De Facto Adoption in the South African Law of Intestate Succession 1 A01 Parele Shamase Parele Shamase 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 01 eng 02 00 The eve of the early 2000s signified the genesis of judicial disapproval of the under inclusiveness of the Intestate Succession Act 81 of 1987. Flynn v Farr 2009 1 SA 584 (C) is a notable exception. In that case, Davis J upheld the restrictive proposition that factually adopted children have no claim against the intestate estate of the factual adop 03 00 The eve of the early 2000s signified the genesis of judicial disapproval of the under inclusiveness of the Intestate Succession Act 81 of 1987. Flynn v Farr 2009 1 SA 584 (C) is a notable exception. In that case, Davis J upheld the restrictive proposition that factually adopted children have no claim against the intestate estate of the factual adoptive parent (“the narrow approach”). The concept of factual adoption denotes an informal form of adoption where a child is adopted without observing the formal dictates of adoption. With the benefit of hindsight, this paper argues that investing in the narrow approach to adoption stands at odds with the right to equality, the development of new family structures and the best interests of the child. This paper illustrates how the mechanical preference for formal adoption and myopic exclusion of factual adoption prevents the contextual operation of the de facto doctrine and the best interests of the child in intestate succession. Furthermore, this paper argues that the narrow approach is too restrictive in the sense that it threatens the rights and emergence of constitutionally recognised family models. Additionally, this paper notes that the narrow approach may constitute unfair discrimination against factually adopted children on the grounds of birth (or analogous grounds of adoptive status). 30 00 The eve of the early 2000s signified the genesis of judicial disapproval of the under inclusiveness of the Intestate Succession Act 81 of 1987. Flynn v Farr 2009 1 SA 584 (C) is a notable exception. In that case, Davis J upheld the restrictive proposition that factually adopted children have no claim against the intestate estate of the factual adoptive parent (“the narrow approach”). The concept of factual adoption denotes an informal form of adoption where a child is adopted without observing the formal dictates of adoption. With the benefit of hindsight, this paper argues that investing in the narrow approach to adoption stands at odds with the right to equality, the development of new family structures and the best interests of the child. This paper illustrates how the mechanical preference for formal adoption and myopic exclusion of factual adoption prevents the contextual operation of the de facto doctrine and the best interests of the child in intestate succession. Furthermore, this paper argues that the narrow approach is too restrictive in the sense that it threatens the rights and emergence of constitutionally recognised family models. Additionally, this paper notes that the narrow approach may constitute unfair discrimination against factually adopted children on the grounds of birth (or analogous grounds of adoptive status). 20 00 Open Access Parele Shamase 16 03 06 10.64449/9780639890067-16 127 138 12 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Development of a Novel Sorghum and Prickly Pear-Infused Cream Liqueur (Afro- Craft) 1 A01 T Mabusa T Mabusa 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 2 A01 S Mangonye S Mangonye 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 3 A01 X Mashakeni X Mashakeni 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 4 A01 A Matsapola A Matsapola 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 5 A01 V Ramongane Ramongane Ramongane 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 01 eng 02 00 This study presents the development and characterisation of a novel sorghum- and prickly pear-infused cream liqueur, a unique and innovative alcoholic beverage that combines the natural sweetness of sorghum with the delicate flavour of prickly pears. 03 00 This study presents the development and characterisation of a novel sorghum- and prickly pear-infused cream liqueur, a unique and innovative alcoholic beverage that combines the natural sweetness of sorghum with the delicate flavour of prickly pears. The increasing demand for craft spirits, exotic ingredients and unique flavour profiles drives the need for innovative products that cater to these trends. 30 00 This study presents the development and characterisation of a novel sorghum- and prickly pear-infused cream liqueur, a unique and innovative alcoholic beverage that combines the natural sweetness of sorghum with the delicate flavour of prickly pears. The increasing demand for craft spirits, exotic ingredients and unique flavour profiles drives the need for innovative products that cater to these trends. 20 00 Open Access T Mabusa, S Mangonye, X Mashakeni, A Matsapola, V Ramongane 17 03 06 10.64449/9780639890067-17 139 145 7 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Bridging the Gap Accessible Sustainable Design for South African Impoverished Communities 1 A01 Ditshegofatso Maoto Ditshegofatso Maoto 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 01 eng 02 00 There is a deep need to create sustainable, conscious and reliable design solutions given our current environmental state so that the planet can be preserved for future generations. The role of designers is crucial, as they shape the current visual landscape, as good designs are what makes our daily life better. 03 00 There is a deep need to create sustainable, conscious and reliable design solutions given our current environmental state so that the planet can be preserved for future generations. The role of designers is crucial, as they shape the current visual landscape, as good designs are what makes our daily life better. Over the past few years, the designer’s role has become more important, especially within the context of sustainability and environmentalism, to become more conscious of design. 30 00 There is a deep need to create sustainable, conscious and reliable design solutions given our current environmental state so that the planet can be preserved for future generations. The role of designers is crucial, as they shape the current visual landscape, as good designs are what makes our daily life better. Over the past few years, the designer’s role has become more important, especially within the context of sustainability and environmentalism, to become more conscious of design. 20 00 Open Access Ditshegofatso Maoto 18 03 06 10.64449/9780639890067-18 147 152 6 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Reviving Marlboro Marlboro, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa 1 A01 Caitlin Hamilton Caitlin Hamilton 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 2 A01 Kyle Pillay Kyle Pillay 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 3 A01 Nosipho Mshengu Nosipho Mshengu 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 4 A01 Tshlolofelo Tloome Tshlolofelo Tloome 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 5 A01 Nonkanyiso Nyide Nonkanyiso Nyide 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 01 eng 02 00 Northeast of Johannesburg’s bustling hub lies the Marlboro suburb, which connects to the famously known township of Alexandra. The site we were allocated falls within a 1km radius between the busy N3 highway interchange on Marlboro Drive, which is part of the Jukskei River, and the not-so-old but quiet Marlboro Gautrain station. 03 00 Northeast of Johannesburg’s bustling hub lies the Marlboro suburb, which connects to the famously known township of Alexandra. The site we were allocated falls within a 1km radius between the busy N3 highway interchange on Marlboro Drive, which is part of the Jukskei River, and the not-so-old but quiet Marlboro Gautrain station. The site and surrounding developments face major challenges such as river pollution, inadequate and affordable housing, safe pedestrian nodes, and public spaces. 30 00 Northeast of Johannesburg’s bustling hub lies the Marlboro suburb, which connects to the famously known township of Alexandra. The site we were allocated falls within a 1km radius between the busy N3 highway interchange on Marlboro Drive, which is part of the Jukskei River, and the not-so-old but quiet Marlboro Gautrain station. The site and surrounding developments face major challenges such as river pollution, inadequate and affordable housing, safe pedestrian nodes, and public spaces. 20 00 Open Access Caitlin Hamilton, Kyle Pillay, Nosipho Mshengu, Tshlolofelo Tloome, Nonkanyiso Nyide 19 03 06 10.64449/9780639890067-19 153 170 18 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Chapter 01 01 Fashion Theory 3 1 A01 Njabulo Dlamini Njabulo Dlamini 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 01 eng 02 00 In recent years, fantasy-themed balls, masquerades and similar mystical events for adults have been hosted by new companies that benefit from both the post-pandemic Millennial and Gen Z consumers, who desire to participate in experiences and the rise of romance and fantasy books on social media platform 03 00 In recent years, fantasy-themed balls, masquerades and similar mystical events for adults have been hosted by new companies that benefit from both the post-pandemic Millennial and Gen Z consumers, who desire to participate in experiences and the rise of romance and fantasy books on social media platforms such as TikTok, Instagram and YouTube. These events allowed the participants to dress up in fantasy-themed garments or, in the evening, wear and unite with character actors. (Rothenburg. 2024) 30 00 In recent years, fantasy-themed balls, masquerades and similar mystical events for adults have been hosted by new companies that benefit from both the post-pandemic Millennial and Gen Z consumers, who desire to participate in experiences and the rise of romance and fantasy books on social media platforms such as TikTok, Instagram and YouTube. These events allowed the participants to dress up in fantasy-themed garments or, in the evening, wear and unite with character actors. (Rothenburg. 2024) 20 00 Open Access Njabulo Dlamini 20 03 06 10.64449/9780639890067-20 171 184 14 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Methods Manual 1 A01 Nadine Herbst Nadine Herbst 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 01 eng 02 00 The methods manual is a reflective journey through which I develop a natural understanding of my design process. It involves documenting and reflecting on my methods based on my experience as a postgraduate student and the knowledge I have gained over the past three years. 03 00 The methods manual is a reflective journey through which I develop a natural understanding of my design process. It involves documenting and reflecting on my methods based on my experience as a postgraduate student and the knowledge I have gained over the past three years. These methods prepare me to work with diverse people and the ability to understand any project brief from the beginning. 30 00 The methods manual is a reflective journey through which I develop a natural understanding of my design process. It involves documenting and reflecting on my methods based on my experience as a postgraduate student and the knowledge I have gained over the past three years. These methods prepare me to work with diverse people and the ability to understand any project brief from the beginning. 20 00 Open Access Nadine Herbst 21 03 06 10.64449/9780639890067-21 185 191 7 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Paper Pulp Plastic Bag 1 A01 Morgan Potgieter Morgan Potgieter 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 01 eng 02 00 In today’s world, the concept of sustainability has become increasingly vital as we confront pressing environmental challenges and seek ways to ensure a prosperous future for generations to come (Enel Group, 2023). At its core, sustainability in design represents a proactive approach that considers the entire lifecycle of products (Interaction Desi 03 00 In today’s world, the concept of sustainability has become increasingly vital as we confront pressing environmental challenges and seek ways to ensure a prosperous future for generations to come (Enel Group, 2023). At its core, sustainability in design represents a proactive approach that considers the entire lifecycle of products (Interaction Design Foundation, 2023). This general perspective aims to minimise environmental impact, conserve resources, and promote ethical practices throughout production and consumption processes (Acaroglu, 2020). 30 00 In today’s world, the concept of sustainability has become increasingly vital as we confront pressing environmental challenges and seek ways to ensure a prosperous future for generations to come (Enel Group, 2023). At its core, sustainability in design represents a proactive approach that considers the entire lifecycle of products (Interaction Design Foundation, 2023). This general perspective aims to minimise environmental impact, conserve resources, and promote ethical practices throughout production and consumption processes (Acaroglu, 2020). 20 00 Open Access Morgan Potgieter 22 03 06 10.64449/9780639890067-22 193 196 4 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Market Research 1 A01 Lebohang Mosia Lebohang Mosia 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 01 eng 02 00 Since silver is a premium metal, sterling denim emphasises excellence. My denim collection consists of the most upscale, exquisite, luxurious, and sophisticated designs. It suggests superiority, flawlessness, and opulence – qualities. 03 00 Since silver is a premium metal, sterling denim emphasises excellence. My denim collection consists of the most upscale, exquisite, luxurious, and sophisticated designs. It suggests superiority, flawlessness, and opulence – qualities. My love of luxury and upscale apparel serves as my source of inspiration. I aim to develop a brand that embodies sophistication and quality while still being sensual and commanding attention. 30 00 Since silver is a premium metal, sterling denim emphasises excellence. My denim collection consists of the most upscale, exquisite, luxurious, and sophisticated designs. It suggests superiority, flawlessness, and opulence – qualities. My love of luxury and upscale apparel serves as my source of inspiration. I aim to develop a brand that embodies sophistication and quality while still being sensual and commanding attention. 20 00 Open Access Lebohang Mosia 23 03 06 10.64449/9780639890067-23 197 206 10 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Revitalising Mine Dump 1 A01 Johannes Schoeman Johannes Schoeman 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 01 eng 02 00 The Mooifontein Sports Centre project is an ambitious urban regeneration initiative located under the Mooifontein mine dump, an area historically disconnected from the surrounding communities of Diepkloof, Soccer City, and the NASREC precincts. Situated within Johannesburg’s industrial mining belt, the site presents both challenges and opportunitie 03 00 The Mooifontein Sports Centre project is an ambitious urban regeneration initiative located under the Mooifontein mine dump, an area historically disconnected from the surrounding communities of Diepkloof, Soccer City, and the NASREC precincts. Situated within Johannesburg’s industrial mining belt, the site presents both challenges and opportunities for revitalisation. The vision for the project is to transform this forgotten landscape into a thriving sports hub, with a key focus on promoting women’s football, particularly through the development of a football academy for Banyana Banyana, South Africa’s national women’s football team. 30 00 The Mooifontein Sports Centre project is an ambitious urban regeneration initiative located under the Mooifontein mine dump, an area historically disconnected from the surrounding communities of Diepkloof, Soccer City, and the NASREC precincts. Situated within Johannesburg’s industrial mining belt, the site presents both challenges and opportunities for revitalisation. The vision for the project is to transform this forgotten landscape into a thriving sports hub, with a key focus on promoting women’s football, particularly through the development of a football academy for Banyana Banyana, South Africa’s national women’s football team. 20 00 Open Access Johannes Schoeman UJ Press 01 URL https://ujpress.uj.ac.za 01 UJ Press 01 Publisher's website: home page https://ujpress.uj.ac.za/ 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/370 Johannesburg 04 01 20250826 Nkosini Ngwenya; Wandile Khumalo, Nqobile Zwane, Naphtali Moshe Aphane, Tana Goate, A. Madonsela et al, Samukelo Sibiya, Karabo Tshepo Shoroma, Maggie Mehlape, Bonginkosi Yika, Martin Gammon, Razeen Le Roux, Yusuf Momoniat, Mynah Matekenya, Mvelo Nyamelo, Parele Shamase, T Mabusa et al, Ditshegofatso Maoto, Caitlin Hamilton et al, Njabulo Dlamini, Nadine Herbst, Morgan Potgieter, Lebohang Mosia, Johannes Schoeman 02 WORLD 06 15 9780639890050 06 15 9780639890067 06 15 9780639890074 WORLD 11 Unknown 36 Unspecified hosting platform: webpage for this product https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/370 29 Unspecified hosting platform: download the title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/view/370/1254/5107 20 08 20250826 01 urn:uuid:2a6234f7-adc0-488d-bea0-9f4182b269b7 03 01 01 thoth-work-id urn:uuid:1a4d0714-7dc3-44e2-ac37-6821dbcf67be 01 thoth-publication-id urn:uuid:2a6234f7-adc0-488d-bea0-9f4182b269b7 15 9780639890074 06 10.64449/9780639890067 00 EB E101 10 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 01 01 2024 Undergraduate Research Conference 1 B01 Nkosini Ngwenya Nkosini Ngwenya 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 2 A01 Wandile Khumalo Wandile Khumalo 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 3 A01 Nqobile Zwane Nqobile Zwane 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 4 A01 Naphtali Moshe Aphane Naphtali Moshe Aphane 5 A01 Tana Goate Tana Goate 6 A01 A. Madonsela A. Madonsela 7 A01 N. Sindane N N. Sindane 8 A01 X. Maluleke X Maluleke 9 A01 A. Matlala A Matlala 10 A01 A. Govender A Govender 11 A01 M. Masikhwa M Masikhwa 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 12 A01 A. Dabulamanzi A Dabulamanzi 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 13 A01 A. Mavimbela A Mavimbela 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 15 A01 Samukelo Sibiya Samukelo Sibiya 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 16 A01 Karabo Tshepo Shoroma Karabo Tshepo Shoroma 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 17 A01 Maggie Mehlape Maggie Mehlape 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 18 A01 Bonginkosi Yika Bonginkosi Yika 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 19 A01 21 0000-0001-9545-0909 Martin Gammon Martin Gammon 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 20 A01 Razeen Le Roux Razeen Le Roux 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 21 A01 21 0009-0000-4778-2466 Yusuf Momoniat Yusuf Momoniat 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 22 A01 Mvelo Nyamelo Mvelo Nyamelo 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 23 A01 21 0009-0008-5827-115X Parele Shamase Parele Shamase 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 31 A01 Ditshegofatso Maoto Ditshegofatso Maoto 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 32 A01 Caitlin Hamilton Caitlin Hamilton 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 33 A01 Njabulo Dlamini Njabulo Dlamini 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 34 A01 Nadine Herbst Nadine Herbst 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 35 A01 Morgan Potgieter Morgan Potgieter 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 36 A01 Lebohang Mosia Lebohang Mosia 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 37 B01 Johannes Schoeman Johannes Schoeman 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 01 eng 00 218 03 10 EDU037000 93 GPS 20 Undergraduate 20 research 20 University of Johannesburg 01 06 02 00 The Academic Development Centre (ADC) and the UJ Library presented the fourth annual Undergraduate Research Conference on the 1st of October 2024. 03 00 The Academic Development Centre (ADC) and the UJ Library presented the fourth annual Undergraduate Research Conference on the 1st of October 2024. The broad purpose of the conference was to showcase undergraduate research at UJ and to develop undergraduate students in preparation for possible postgraduate studies. All Faculties and the College were represented in what was a cross-disciplinary conference. In addition to the conference, students wrote short articles about their research projects. The articles are presented in this first edition of the UJ Undergraduate Research Conference (UGRC) monograph. 30 00 The Academic Development Centre (ADC) and the UJ Library presented the fourth annual Undergraduate Research Conference on the 1st of October 2024. The broad purpose of the conference was to showcase undergraduate research at UJ and to develop undergraduate students in preparation for possible postgraduate studies. All Faculties and the College were represented in what was a cross-disciplinary conference. In addition to the conference, students wrote short articles about their research projects. The articles are presented in this first edition of the UJ Undergraduate Research Conference (UGRC) monograph. 04 00 Access and Barriers to Education in Africa Wandile Khumalo DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639890067-01 PDF How Commerce 100 can Help in Integrative Learning and Enhanced Metacognition for First-year Bachelor of Accounting Students Nqobile Zwane DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639890067-02 PDF A Reflection on my Journey as a First-Year Bachelor of Accounting Student at UJ Naphtali Moshe Aphane DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639890067-03 PDF Impact of AI on Undergraduate Learning Tana Goate DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639890067-04 PDF Development of Employees Time‑Tracking App A. Madonsela DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639890067-05 PDF Use of Current Cutting-Edge Technologies in South African Physical Sciences Classrooms Samukelo Sibiya DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639890067-06 PDF Property Development in Midrand How it Physically Shaped the City Karabo Tshepo Shoroma DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639890067-07 PDF Self-Care Practices of Third-year Student Nurses at a University in Johannesburg Maggie Mehlape DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639890067-08 PDF Lived Experiences of Male Nursing Students at a Higher Education Institution in Gauteng Bonginkosi Yika DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639890067-09 PDF Does Music Represent? A “Heavy” Defence of Representationalism Martin Gammon DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639890067-10 PDF Masculinity, Culture and the Demise of “Man” Razeen Le Roux DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639890067-11 PDF Life and Meaning Yusuf Momoniat DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639890067-12 PDF Migration A Perspective on Poor Basic Service Delivery for Refugees in South Africa Mynah Matekenya DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639890067-13 PDF Is International Law “Law”? Mvelo Nyamelo DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639890067-14 PDF The Re-Appraisal of De Facto Adoption in the South African Law of Intestate Succession Parele Shamase DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639890067-15 PDF Development of a Novel Sorghum and Prickly Pear-Infused Cream Liqueur (Afro- Craft) T Mabusa DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639890067-16 PDF Bridging the Gap Accessible Sustainable Design for South African Impoverished Communities Ditshegofatso Maoto DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639890067-17 PDF Reviving Marlboro Marlboro, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa Caitlin Hamilton DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639890067-18 PDF Fashion Theory 3 Njabulo Dlamini DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639890067-19 PDF Methods Manual Nadine Herbst DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639890067-20 PDF Paper Pulp Plastic Bag Morgan Potgieter DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639890067-21 PDF Market Research Lebohang Mosia DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639890067-22 PDF Revitalising Mine Dump Johannes Schoeman DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639890067-23 PDF 20 00 Open Access 01 00 03 02 https://books.ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/10.64449/9780639890067_frontcover.jpg 1 03 06 10.64449/9780639890067-01 3 5 4 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Access and Barriers to Education in Africa 1 A01 21 0000-0002-6270-894X Wandile Khumalo Wandile Khumalo 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 01 eng 02 00 Africa is known for many things; one of the things it is famously known for is the fact that it has the youngest population in the world. However, access to education for many of these young people is still an issue. 03 00 Africa is known for many things; one of the things it is famously known for is the fact that it has the youngest population in the world. However, access to education for many of these young people is still an issue. This article addresses the topic of access and barriers to quality education in Africa. 30 00 Africa is known for many things; one of the things it is famously known for is the fact that it has the youngest population in the world. However, access to education for many of these young people is still an issue. This article addresses the topic of access and barriers to quality education in Africa. 20 00 Open Access Wandile Khumalo 2 03 06 10.64449/9780639890067-02 7 13 7 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 How Commerce 100 can Help in Integrative Learning and Enhanced Metacognition for First-year Bachelor of Accounting Students 1 A01 21 0000-0003-2147-8743 Nqobile Zwane Nqobile Zwane 01 eng 02 00 Accounting is best described as a dynamic and an ever-evolving environment. The best depiction of such is through its transformative nature within the competence and expertise needed by students to qualify as charted accountants. 03 00 Accounting is best described as a dynamic and an ever-evolving environment. The best depiction of such is through its transformative nature within the competence and expertise needed by students to qualify as charted accountants. An example of this is how SAICA has continuously revisited and renewed its competency framework, dating from its first revamp in 2021 to the continuous updates approved in October 2023 (SAICA). 30 00 Accounting is best described as a dynamic and an ever-evolving environment. The best depiction of such is through its transformative nature within the competence and expertise needed by students to qualify as charted accountants. An example of this is how SAICA has continuously revisited and renewed its competency framework, dating from its first revamp in 2021 to the continuous updates approved in October 2023 (SAICA). 20 00 Open Access Nqobile Zwane 3 03 06 10.64449/9780639890067-03 15 19 5 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 A Reflection on my Journey as a First-Year Bachelor of Accounting Student at UJ 1 A01 Naphtali Moshe Aphane Naphtali Moshe Aphane 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 01 eng 02 00 My name is Naphtali Moshe Aphane, a first-year student studying for a Bachelor of Accounting at the University of Johannesburg (UJ). As a Commerce 100 student, I have done a lot of academic writing that requires extensive research. 03 00 My name is Naphtali Moshe Aphane, a first-year student studying for a Bachelor of Accounting at the University of Johannesburg (UJ). As a Commerce 100 student, I have done a lot of academic writing that requires extensive research. I have learned a lot of skills from doing research. I have learned how to perform well under pressure. I have learned to think critically about certain problems and solve them without falling short of ethics. Commerce 100 equips us, students, with the necessary knowledge on how to gather, integrate, and spread widely the information that can provide us with a global overview of the business environment in a multicultural context (Hughes, 2024). This module provides students with insight into managing certain crises in the business from a manager’s perspective. This is done by reading case studies and solving a problem from a manager’s perspective. This work will elaborate more on how those points were achieved. 30 00 My name is Naphtali Moshe Aphane, a first-year student studying for a Bachelor of Accounting at the University of Johannesburg (UJ). As a Commerce 100 student, I have done a lot of academic writing that requires extensive research. I have learned a lot of skills from doing research. I have learned how to perform well under pressure. I have learned to think critically about certain problems and solve them without falling short of ethics. Commerce 100 equips us, students, with the necessary knowledge on how to gather, integrate, and spread widely the information that can provide us with a global overview of the business environment in a multicultural context (Hughes, 2024). This module provides students with insight into managing certain crises in the business from a manager’s perspective. This is done by reading case studies and solving a problem from a manager’s perspective. This work will elaborate more on how those points were achieved. 20 00 Open Access Naphtali Moshe Aphane 4 03 06 10.64449/9780639890067-04 21 27 7 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Impact of AI on Undergraduate Learning 1 A01 Tana Goate Tana Goate 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 01 eng 02 00 Coming from somebody who was in matric last year and has recently been launched into a world of hard work, continuous study, and emerging technology, I must admit that AI is a fascinating technological tool that has captivated the minds of many. 03 00 Coming from somebody who was in matric last year and has recently been launched into a world of hard work, continuous study, and emerging technology, I must admit that AI is a fascinating technological tool that has captivated the minds of many. It can be used for just about anything, especially helping the upcoming generations of professionals – for good or for bad. This essay aims to discuss various effects that AI has had on modern practices, with a focus on how it has affected the study of undergraduates. 30 00 Coming from somebody who was in matric last year and has recently been launched into a world of hard work, continuous study, and emerging technology, I must admit that AI is a fascinating technological tool that has captivated the minds of many. It can be used for just about anything, especially helping the upcoming generations of professionals – for good or for bad. This essay aims to discuss various effects that AI has had on modern practices, with a focus on how it has affected the study of undergraduates. 20 00 Open Access Tana Goate 5 03 06 10.64449/9780639890067-05 29 33 5 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Development of Employees Time‑Tracking App 1 A01 A. Madonsela A. Madonsela 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 2 A01 N. Sindane N N. Sindane 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 3 A01 X. Maluleke X Maluleke 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 4 A01 A. Matlala A Matlala 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 5 A01 A. Govender A Govender 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 6 A01 M. Masikhwa M Masikhwa 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 7 A01 K. Dikolobe K Dikolobe 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 8 A01 A. Dabulamanzi A Dabulamanzi 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 9 A01 A. Mavimbela A Mavimbela 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 01 eng 02 00 Through the creation of a mobile-based employee time-tracking application, the SMART TIME app initiative seeks to enhance time management in businesses. The research team thoroughly examined current time-tracking programmes and modified them to satisfy the requirements of a fictional business. 03 00 Through the creation of a mobile-based employee time-tracking application, the SMART TIME app initiative seeks to enhance time management in businesses. The research team thoroughly examined current time-tracking programmes and modified them to satisfy the requirements of a fictional business. By reducing administrative work and avoiding fraudulent clock-ins, they sought to develop an intuitive mobile application that improves payroll processing, expedites time tracking, and increases productivity. 30 00 Through the creation of a mobile-based employee time-tracking application, the SMART TIME app initiative seeks to enhance time management in businesses. The research team thoroughly examined current time-tracking programmes and modified them to satisfy the requirements of a fictional business. By reducing administrative work and avoiding fraudulent clock-ins, they sought to develop an intuitive mobile application that improves payroll processing, expedites time tracking, and increases productivity. 20 00 Open Access A. Madonsela, N. Sindane, X. Maluleke, A. Matlala, A. Govender, M. Masikhwa, K. Dikolobe, A. Dabulamanzi, A. Mavimbela 6 03 06 10.64449/9780639890067-06 35 42 8 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Use of Current Cutting-Edge Technologies in South African Physical Sciences Classrooms 1 A01 Samukelo Sibiya Samukelo Sibiya 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 01 eng 02 00 Technology is a dynamic tool that has revolutionised numerous vocational industries, particularly education. As an undergraduate student at the University of Johannesburg with majors in physical sciences and life sciences, it is troublesome and fascinating to observe and witness the potential and problems that arise due 03 00 Technology is a dynamic tool that has revolutionised numerous vocational industries, particularly education. As an undergraduate student at the University of Johannesburg with majors in physical sciences and life sciences, it is troublesome and fascinating to observe and witness the potential and problems that arise due to the adoption of different technologies for physical sciences teaching and learning in South African classrooms. Tools such as virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), and AI can help students visualise complex scientific phenomena that might be difficult to grasp through traditional methods. However, the integration of these technologies presents significant challenges, especially in the context of South Africa, where there are disparities in access to resources, limited funding, and gaps in teacher training. This duality of immense potential constrained by practical challenges highlights both the promise and the complexity of effectively integrating technology into education. 30 00 Technology is a dynamic tool that has revolutionised numerous vocational industries, particularly education. As an undergraduate student at the University of Johannesburg with majors in physical sciences and life sciences, it is troublesome and fascinating to observe and witness the potential and problems that arise due to the adoption of different technologies for physical sciences teaching and learning in South African classrooms. Tools such as virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), and AI can help students visualise complex scientific phenomena that might be difficult to grasp through traditional methods. However, the integration of these technologies presents significant challenges, especially in the context of South Africa, where there are disparities in access to resources, limited funding, and gaps in teacher training. This duality of immense potential constrained by practical challenges highlights both the promise and the complexity of effectively integrating technology into education. 20 00 Open Access Samukelo Sibiya 7 03 06 10.64449/9780639890067-07 43 54 12 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Property Development in Midrand How it Physically Shaped the City 1 A01 Karabo Tshepo Shoroma Karabo Tshepo Shoroma 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 01 eng 02 00 Urbanisation has many impacts on the city landscape such as urban sprawl, and this has been perpetuated by unsustainable urban design practices by property developers. Midrand is an example of such practices and has resulted in an unfunctionally shaped city. 03 00 Urbanisation has many impacts on the city landscape such as urban sprawl, and this has been perpetuated by unsustainable urban design practices by property developers. Midrand is an example of such practices and has resulted in an unfunctionally shaped city. Sustainable urban design is important because it helps mitigate the issues caused by urbanisation, and it is important for property developers to implement these practices, as they yield good results. Waterfall City, a large mixed-use development, may be an example of such a city. This study aims to prove that the design of Waterfall is one of the first examples of sustainable urban design in South Africa. The methodology used in this study is qualitative, which uses both primary and secondary data as the collection method as well as observations of the city. These data have then been textually analysed, and the elements of Waterfall City have been compared with parts of Midrand, focusing on the roads and layout, amenities, and green open spaces to conclude that Waterfall City’s urban design is sustainable and that property developers can promote unsustainable communities. 30 00 Urbanisation has many impacts on the city landscape such as urban sprawl, and this has been perpetuated by unsustainable urban design practices by property developers. Midrand is an example of such practices and has resulted in an unfunctionally shaped city. Sustainable urban design is important because it helps mitigate the issues caused by urbanisation, and it is important for property developers to implement these practices, as they yield good results. Waterfall City, a large mixed-use development, may be an example of such a city. This study aims to prove that the design of Waterfall is one of the first examples of sustainable urban design in South Africa. The methodology used in this study is qualitative, which uses both primary and secondary data as the collection method as well as observations of the city. These data have then been textually analysed, and the elements of Waterfall City have been compared with parts of Midrand, focusing on the roads and layout, amenities, and green open spaces to conclude that Waterfall City’s urban design is sustainable and that property developers can promote unsustainable communities. 20 00 Open Access Karabo Tshepo Shoroma 8 03 06 10.64449/9780639890067-08 55 64 10 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Self-Care Practices of Third-year Student Nurses at a University in Johannesburg 1 A01 Maggie Mehlape Maggie Mehlape 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 01 eng 02 00 Nursing students encounter stressors associated with nursing education, including demanding academic workloads, clinical rotations, emotional exposure to patient care, anxiety about grades and assignments, and financial problems for others. The article investigated third-year student nurses’ self-care practices 03 00 Nursing students encounter stressors associated with nursing education, including demanding academic workloads, clinical rotations, emotional exposure to patient care, anxiety about grades and assignments, and financial problems for others. The article investigated third-year student nurses’ self-care practices at the University of Johannesburg, South Africa. This study employed a quantitative research design with a cross-sectional approach. The respondents were selected usingvia convenience sampling. A demographic questionnaire and the self-care activities screening scale (SASS-14) were combined as the data collection tool. Descriptive statistics were used for data analysis. The study revealed that a considerable majority of student nurses sleep less than 7–8 hours daily, consume insufficient nutritious food and water, rarely engage in physical activities, and need more time for self-connection and health examination. According to these findings, nursing students must prioritise self-care. 30 00 Nursing students encounter stressors associated with nursing education, including demanding academic workloads, clinical rotations, emotional exposure to patient care, anxiety about grades and assignments, and financial problems for others. The article investigated third-year student nurses’ self-care practices at the University of Johannesburg, South Africa. This study employed a quantitative research design with a cross-sectional approach. The respondents were selected usingvia convenience sampling. A demographic questionnaire and the self-care activities screening scale (SASS-14) were combined as the data collection tool. Descriptive statistics were used for data analysis. The study revealed that a considerable majority of student nurses sleep less than 7–8 hours daily, consume insufficient nutritious food and water, rarely engage in physical activities, and need more time for self-connection and health examination. According to these findings, nursing students must prioritise self-care. 20 00 Open Access Maggie Mehlape 9 03 06 10.64449/9780639890067-09 65 74 10 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Lived Experiences of Male Nursing Students at a Higher Education Institution in Gauteng 1 A01 Bonginkosi Yika Bonginkosi Yika 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 01 eng 02 00 The nursing profession is female-dominated, leading to the reinforcement of gender stereotypes that can marginalise male nurses. This underrepresentation of male nursing students raises concerns about their experiences and the challenges they face in educational and clinical settings. 03 00 The nursing profession is female-dominated, leading to the reinforcement of gender stereotypes that can marginalise male nurses. This underrepresentation of male nursing students raises concerns about their experiences and the challenges they face in educational and clinical settings. The aim of this study was to explore the lived experiences of male nursing students at a higher education institution in Gauteng, South Africa, with a focus on how they navigate gender norms. A qualitative, phenomenological research design involving in-depth, unstructured interviews with male nursing students was employed. The participants were recruited from the University of Johannesburg, and thematic analysis was used to identify common experiences and challenges. The findings indicate that male nursing students encounter significant challenges related to societal stereotypes, leading to feelings of isolation and questioning of their career choices. The study highlighted the need for greater awareness and support for male nursing students to address the challenges they face. 30 00 The nursing profession is female-dominated, leading to the reinforcement of gender stereotypes that can marginalise male nurses. This underrepresentation of male nursing students raises concerns about their experiences and the challenges they face in educational and clinical settings. The aim of this study was to explore the lived experiences of male nursing students at a higher education institution in Gauteng, South Africa, with a focus on how they navigate gender norms. A qualitative, phenomenological research design involving in-depth, unstructured interviews with male nursing students was employed. The participants were recruited from the University of Johannesburg, and thematic analysis was used to identify common experiences and challenges. The findings indicate that male nursing students encounter significant challenges related to societal stereotypes, leading to feelings of isolation and questioning of their career choices. The study highlighted the need for greater awareness and support for male nursing students to address the challenges they face. 20 00 Open Access Bonginkosi Yika 10 03 06 10.64449/9780639890067-10 75 84 10 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Does Music Represent? A “Heavy” Defence of Representationalism 1 A01 Martin Gammon Martin Gammon 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 01 eng 02 00 Does music represent the world? If the point of art in general, and music in particular, is to help us understand the world, then music must surely be about the world, and so it must represent it somehow. 03 00 Does music represent the world? If the point of art in general, and music in particular, is to help us understand the world, then music must surely be about the world, and so it must represent it somehow. In contrast to this view, Roger Scruton defends an anti-representationalist position, arguing that, as an abstract art, music has no power to represent the world. In this paper, I develop a four-point critique of his view, using the work of Michael Morris (2012), Aaron Ridley (2004), Robert Walser (1992), Peter Kivy (1990), and Carl Dahlhaus (1989), as well as a comparison of the metal and classical genres of music to make my case. 30 00 Does music represent the world? If the point of art in general, and music in particular, is to help us understand the world, then music must surely be about the world, and so it must represent it somehow. In contrast to this view, Roger Scruton defends an anti-representationalist position, arguing that, as an abstract art, music has no power to represent the world. In this paper, I develop a four-point critique of his view, using the work of Michael Morris (2012), Aaron Ridley (2004), Robert Walser (1992), Peter Kivy (1990), and Carl Dahlhaus (1989), as well as a comparison of the metal and classical genres of music to make my case. 20 00 Open Access Martin Gammon 11 03 06 10.64449/9780639890067-11 85 92 8 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Masculinity, Culture and the Demise of “Man” 1 A01 Razeen Le Roux Razeen Le Roux 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 01 eng 02 00 In this essay, I unpack the concept of masculinity and how it is utilised in the construction of masculine social identities. Understanding the social construction of masculinity is crucial for comprehending gender identities and their relationships with one’s personality and way of being. 03 00 In this essay, I unpack the concept of masculinity and how it is utilised in the construction of masculine social identities. Understanding the social construction of masculinity is crucial for comprehending gender identities and their relationships with one’s personality and way of being. This paper argues that masculinity is a fluid and multifaceted concept shaped by hegemonic ideals that often restrict men’s emotional expression and behaviour. I intend to demonstrate, first, that masculinity is socially constructed and reinforced through performance. Second, I illustrate how it limits men’s potential for personal growth and authentic expression. I employ Judith Butler’s (1999) account of gender performativity to display performative aspects of masculinity and how rare genuine portrayals of masculinity can be. I highlight the ways in which gender is enacted through social interactions and behaviours. In the final section of the paper, I discuss the limitations of hegemonic masculinity and the importance of embracing diverse forms of masculinity. 30 00 In this essay, I unpack the concept of masculinity and how it is utilised in the construction of masculine social identities. Understanding the social construction of masculinity is crucial for comprehending gender identities and their relationships with one’s personality and way of being. This paper argues that masculinity is a fluid and multifaceted concept shaped by hegemonic ideals that often restrict men’s emotional expression and behaviour. I intend to demonstrate, first, that masculinity is socially constructed and reinforced through performance. Second, I illustrate how it limits men’s potential for personal growth and authentic expression. I employ Judith Butler’s (1999) account of gender performativity to display performative aspects of masculinity and how rare genuine portrayals of masculinity can be. I highlight the ways in which gender is enacted through social interactions and behaviours. In the final section of the paper, I discuss the limitations of hegemonic masculinity and the importance of embracing diverse forms of masculinity. 20 00 Open Access Razeen Le Roux 12 03 06 10.64449/9780639890067-12 93 100 8 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Life and Meaning 1 A01 Yusuf Momoniat Yusuf Momoniat 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 01 eng 02 00 The question of life’s meaning has haunted humanity since we have been able to think. This question still plagues us because of the universe’s unwillingness to answer our calls. There are questions that people ask themselves all the time, after receiving no convincing answers. 03 00 The question of life’s meaning has haunted humanity since we have been able to think. This question still plagues us because of the universe’s unwillingness to answer our calls. There are questions that people ask themselves all the time, after receiving no convincing answers. These include questions about what their life means, whether it has a meaning at all, and the question that can be asked recursively about life to no end: Why? In this essay, I focus on the following common thread of all such questions: What meaning, if any, is there to life? 30 00 The question of life’s meaning has haunted humanity since we have been able to think. This question still plagues us because of the universe’s unwillingness to answer our calls. There are questions that people ask themselves all the time, after receiving no convincing answers. These include questions about what their life means, whether it has a meaning at all, and the question that can be asked recursively about life to no end: Why? In this essay, I focus on the following common thread of all such questions: What meaning, if any, is there to life? 20 00 Open Access Yusuf Momoniat 13 03 06 10.64449/9780639890067-13 101 108 8 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Migration A Perspective on Poor Basic Service Delivery for Refugees in South Africa 1 A01 Mynah Matekenya Mynah Matekenya 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 01 eng 02 00 In terms of the 1951 Refugee Convention, a refugee is defined as a person who has fled his or her country forcefully because of fear of persecution, violence or war.1 This Convention, among other International Conventions and national legislation, provides for the rights aimed for refugees and how those rights are to be implemented and protected. W 03 00 In terms of the 1951 Refugee Convention, a refugee is defined as a person who has fled his or her country forcefully because of fear of persecution, violence or war.1 This Convention, among other International Conventions and national legislation, provides for the rights aimed for refugees and how those rights are to be implemented and protected. Whether the South African government adequately provides for such rights and services is a question of fact. Legislation exists, but is the South African government complying with it in administering service delivery for refugees? This essay, from a South African context, first discusses how the international legal framework and national legislation are shaped to cater to and protect the rights of refugees. Second, the essay discusses the extent to which the South African government provides shelter for refugees. It will continue to discuss the provision of education to refugees. From thereon, it discusses the extent to which it provides healthcare services. Lastly, it addresses South Africa’s compliance with the Sustainable Development Goals and criticism thereof. 30 00 In terms of the 1951 Refugee Convention, a refugee is defined as a person who has fled his or her country forcefully because of fear of persecution, violence or war.1 This Convention, among other International Conventions and national legislation, provides for the rights aimed for refugees and how those rights are to be implemented and protected. Whether the South African government adequately provides for such rights and services is a question of fact. Legislation exists, but is the South African government complying with it in administering service delivery for refugees? This essay, from a South African context, first discusses how the international legal framework and national legislation are shaped to cater to and protect the rights of refugees. Second, the essay discusses the extent to which the South African government provides shelter for refugees. It will continue to discuss the provision of education to refugees. From thereon, it discusses the extent to which it provides healthcare services. Lastly, it addresses South Africa’s compliance with the Sustainable Development Goals and criticism thereof. 20 00 Open Access Mynah Matekenya 14 03 06 10.64449/9780639890067-14 109 115 7 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Is International Law “Law”? 1 A01 Mvelo Nyamelo Mvelo Nyamelo 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 01 eng 02 00 In terms of international law, there is high contestation and a long-standing debate on whether international law falls under the accepted view of ‘law’. 03 00 In terms of international law, there is high contestation and a long-standing debate on whether international law falls under the accepted view of ‘law’. One school of thought states that international law establishes standards and norms that are accepted by nations, organisations, and individuals, consequently establishing guidelines for conduct in areas such as trade, the environment, and human rights. The legally binding responsibilities established by treaties, conventions, and customary practices – which governments often abide by – illustrate the regulative power of its law. 30 00 In terms of international law, there is high contestation and a long-standing debate on whether international law falls under the accepted view of ‘law’. One school of thought states that international law establishes standards and norms that are accepted by nations, organisations, and individuals, consequently establishing guidelines for conduct in areas such as trade, the environment, and human rights. The legally binding responsibilities established by treaties, conventions, and customary practices – which governments often abide by – illustrate the regulative power of its law. 20 00 Open Access Mvelo Nyamelo 15 03 06 10.64449/9780639890067-15 117 125 9 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 The Re-Appraisal of De Facto Adoption in the South African Law of Intestate Succession 1 A01 Parele Shamase Parele Shamase 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 01 eng 02 00 The eve of the early 2000s signified the genesis of judicial disapproval of the under inclusiveness of the Intestate Succession Act 81 of 1987. Flynn v Farr 2009 1 SA 584 (C) is a notable exception. In that case, Davis J upheld the restrictive proposition that factually adopted children have no claim against the intestate estate of the factual adop 03 00 The eve of the early 2000s signified the genesis of judicial disapproval of the under inclusiveness of the Intestate Succession Act 81 of 1987. Flynn v Farr 2009 1 SA 584 (C) is a notable exception. In that case, Davis J upheld the restrictive proposition that factually adopted children have no claim against the intestate estate of the factual adoptive parent (“the narrow approach”). The concept of factual adoption denotes an informal form of adoption where a child is adopted without observing the formal dictates of adoption. With the benefit of hindsight, this paper argues that investing in the narrow approach to adoption stands at odds with the right to equality, the development of new family structures and the best interests of the child. This paper illustrates how the mechanical preference for formal adoption and myopic exclusion of factual adoption prevents the contextual operation of the de facto doctrine and the best interests of the child in intestate succession. Furthermore, this paper argues that the narrow approach is too restrictive in the sense that it threatens the rights and emergence of constitutionally recognised family models. Additionally, this paper notes that the narrow approach may constitute unfair discrimination against factually adopted children on the grounds of birth (or analogous grounds of adoptive status). 30 00 The eve of the early 2000s signified the genesis of judicial disapproval of the under inclusiveness of the Intestate Succession Act 81 of 1987. Flynn v Farr 2009 1 SA 584 (C) is a notable exception. In that case, Davis J upheld the restrictive proposition that factually adopted children have no claim against the intestate estate of the factual adoptive parent (“the narrow approach”). The concept of factual adoption denotes an informal form of adoption where a child is adopted without observing the formal dictates of adoption. With the benefit of hindsight, this paper argues that investing in the narrow approach to adoption stands at odds with the right to equality, the development of new family structures and the best interests of the child. This paper illustrates how the mechanical preference for formal adoption and myopic exclusion of factual adoption prevents the contextual operation of the de facto doctrine and the best interests of the child in intestate succession. Furthermore, this paper argues that the narrow approach is too restrictive in the sense that it threatens the rights and emergence of constitutionally recognised family models. Additionally, this paper notes that the narrow approach may constitute unfair discrimination against factually adopted children on the grounds of birth (or analogous grounds of adoptive status). 20 00 Open Access Parele Shamase 16 03 06 10.64449/9780639890067-16 127 138 12 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Development of a Novel Sorghum and Prickly Pear-Infused Cream Liqueur (Afro- Craft) 1 A01 T Mabusa T Mabusa 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 2 A01 S Mangonye S Mangonye 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 3 A01 X Mashakeni X Mashakeni 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 4 A01 A Matsapola A Matsapola 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 5 A01 V Ramongane Ramongane Ramongane 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 01 eng 02 00 This study presents the development and characterisation of a novel sorghum- and prickly pear-infused cream liqueur, a unique and innovative alcoholic beverage that combines the natural sweetness of sorghum with the delicate flavour of prickly pears. 03 00 This study presents the development and characterisation of a novel sorghum- and prickly pear-infused cream liqueur, a unique and innovative alcoholic beverage that combines the natural sweetness of sorghum with the delicate flavour of prickly pears. The increasing demand for craft spirits, exotic ingredients and unique flavour profiles drives the need for innovative products that cater to these trends. 30 00 This study presents the development and characterisation of a novel sorghum- and prickly pear-infused cream liqueur, a unique and innovative alcoholic beverage that combines the natural sweetness of sorghum with the delicate flavour of prickly pears. The increasing demand for craft spirits, exotic ingredients and unique flavour profiles drives the need for innovative products that cater to these trends. 20 00 Open Access T Mabusa, S Mangonye, X Mashakeni, A Matsapola, V Ramongane 17 03 06 10.64449/9780639890067-17 139 145 7 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Bridging the Gap Accessible Sustainable Design for South African Impoverished Communities 1 A01 Ditshegofatso Maoto Ditshegofatso Maoto 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 01 eng 02 00 There is a deep need to create sustainable, conscious and reliable design solutions given our current environmental state so that the planet can be preserved for future generations. The role of designers is crucial, as they shape the current visual landscape, as good designs are what makes our daily life better. 03 00 There is a deep need to create sustainable, conscious and reliable design solutions given our current environmental state so that the planet can be preserved for future generations. The role of designers is crucial, as they shape the current visual landscape, as good designs are what makes our daily life better. Over the past few years, the designer’s role has become more important, especially within the context of sustainability and environmentalism, to become more conscious of design. 30 00 There is a deep need to create sustainable, conscious and reliable design solutions given our current environmental state so that the planet can be preserved for future generations. The role of designers is crucial, as they shape the current visual landscape, as good designs are what makes our daily life better. Over the past few years, the designer’s role has become more important, especially within the context of sustainability and environmentalism, to become more conscious of design. 20 00 Open Access Ditshegofatso Maoto 18 03 06 10.64449/9780639890067-18 147 152 6 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Reviving Marlboro Marlboro, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa 1 A01 Caitlin Hamilton Caitlin Hamilton 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 2 A01 Kyle Pillay Kyle Pillay 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 3 A01 Nosipho Mshengu Nosipho Mshengu 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 4 A01 Tshlolofelo Tloome Tshlolofelo Tloome 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 5 A01 Nonkanyiso Nyide Nonkanyiso Nyide 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 01 eng 02 00 Northeast of Johannesburg’s bustling hub lies the Marlboro suburb, which connects to the famously known township of Alexandra. The site we were allocated falls within a 1km radius between the busy N3 highway interchange on Marlboro Drive, which is part of the Jukskei River, and the not-so-old but quiet Marlboro Gautrain station. 03 00 Northeast of Johannesburg’s bustling hub lies the Marlboro suburb, which connects to the famously known township of Alexandra. The site we were allocated falls within a 1km radius between the busy N3 highway interchange on Marlboro Drive, which is part of the Jukskei River, and the not-so-old but quiet Marlboro Gautrain station. The site and surrounding developments face major challenges such as river pollution, inadequate and affordable housing, safe pedestrian nodes, and public spaces. 30 00 Northeast of Johannesburg’s bustling hub lies the Marlboro suburb, which connects to the famously known township of Alexandra. The site we were allocated falls within a 1km radius between the busy N3 highway interchange on Marlboro Drive, which is part of the Jukskei River, and the not-so-old but quiet Marlboro Gautrain station. The site and surrounding developments face major challenges such as river pollution, inadequate and affordable housing, safe pedestrian nodes, and public spaces. 20 00 Open Access Caitlin Hamilton, Kyle Pillay, Nosipho Mshengu, Tshlolofelo Tloome, Nonkanyiso Nyide 19 03 06 10.64449/9780639890067-19 153 170 18 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Chapter 01 01 Fashion Theory 3 1 A01 Njabulo Dlamini Njabulo Dlamini 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 01 eng 02 00 In recent years, fantasy-themed balls, masquerades and similar mystical events for adults have been hosted by new companies that benefit from both the post-pandemic Millennial and Gen Z consumers, who desire to participate in experiences and the rise of romance and fantasy books on social media platform 03 00 In recent years, fantasy-themed balls, masquerades and similar mystical events for adults have been hosted by new companies that benefit from both the post-pandemic Millennial and Gen Z consumers, who desire to participate in experiences and the rise of romance and fantasy books on social media platforms such as TikTok, Instagram and YouTube. These events allowed the participants to dress up in fantasy-themed garments or, in the evening, wear and unite with character actors. (Rothenburg. 2024) 30 00 In recent years, fantasy-themed balls, masquerades and similar mystical events for adults have been hosted by new companies that benefit from both the post-pandemic Millennial and Gen Z consumers, who desire to participate in experiences and the rise of romance and fantasy books on social media platforms such as TikTok, Instagram and YouTube. These events allowed the participants to dress up in fantasy-themed garments or, in the evening, wear and unite with character actors. (Rothenburg. 2024) 20 00 Open Access Njabulo Dlamini 20 03 06 10.64449/9780639890067-20 171 184 14 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Methods Manual 1 A01 Nadine Herbst Nadine Herbst 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 01 eng 02 00 The methods manual is a reflective journey through which I develop a natural understanding of my design process. It involves documenting and reflecting on my methods based on my experience as a postgraduate student and the knowledge I have gained over the past three years. 03 00 The methods manual is a reflective journey through which I develop a natural understanding of my design process. It involves documenting and reflecting on my methods based on my experience as a postgraduate student and the knowledge I have gained over the past three years. These methods prepare me to work with diverse people and the ability to understand any project brief from the beginning. 30 00 The methods manual is a reflective journey through which I develop a natural understanding of my design process. It involves documenting and reflecting on my methods based on my experience as a postgraduate student and the knowledge I have gained over the past three years. These methods prepare me to work with diverse people and the ability to understand any project brief from the beginning. 20 00 Open Access Nadine Herbst 21 03 06 10.64449/9780639890067-21 185 191 7 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Paper Pulp Plastic Bag 1 A01 Morgan Potgieter Morgan Potgieter 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 01 eng 02 00 In today’s world, the concept of sustainability has become increasingly vital as we confront pressing environmental challenges and seek ways to ensure a prosperous future for generations to come (Enel Group, 2023). At its core, sustainability in design represents a proactive approach that considers the entire lifecycle of products (Interaction Desi 03 00 In today’s world, the concept of sustainability has become increasingly vital as we confront pressing environmental challenges and seek ways to ensure a prosperous future for generations to come (Enel Group, 2023). At its core, sustainability in design represents a proactive approach that considers the entire lifecycle of products (Interaction Design Foundation, 2023). This general perspective aims to minimise environmental impact, conserve resources, and promote ethical practices throughout production and consumption processes (Acaroglu, 2020). 30 00 In today’s world, the concept of sustainability has become increasingly vital as we confront pressing environmental challenges and seek ways to ensure a prosperous future for generations to come (Enel Group, 2023). At its core, sustainability in design represents a proactive approach that considers the entire lifecycle of products (Interaction Design Foundation, 2023). This general perspective aims to minimise environmental impact, conserve resources, and promote ethical practices throughout production and consumption processes (Acaroglu, 2020). 20 00 Open Access Morgan Potgieter 22 03 06 10.64449/9780639890067-22 193 196 4 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Market Research 1 A01 Lebohang Mosia Lebohang Mosia 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 01 eng 02 00 Since silver is a premium metal, sterling denim emphasises excellence. My denim collection consists of the most upscale, exquisite, luxurious, and sophisticated designs. It suggests superiority, flawlessness, and opulence – qualities. 03 00 Since silver is a premium metal, sterling denim emphasises excellence. My denim collection consists of the most upscale, exquisite, luxurious, and sophisticated designs. It suggests superiority, flawlessness, and opulence – qualities. My love of luxury and upscale apparel serves as my source of inspiration. I aim to develop a brand that embodies sophistication and quality while still being sensual and commanding attention. 30 00 Since silver is a premium metal, sterling denim emphasises excellence. My denim collection consists of the most upscale, exquisite, luxurious, and sophisticated designs. It suggests superiority, flawlessness, and opulence – qualities. My love of luxury and upscale apparel serves as my source of inspiration. I aim to develop a brand that embodies sophistication and quality while still being sensual and commanding attention. 20 00 Open Access Lebohang Mosia 23 03 06 10.64449/9780639890067-23 197 206 10 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Revitalising Mine Dump 1 A01 Johannes Schoeman Johannes Schoeman 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 01 eng 02 00 The Mooifontein Sports Centre project is an ambitious urban regeneration initiative located under the Mooifontein mine dump, an area historically disconnected from the surrounding communities of Diepkloof, Soccer City, and the NASREC precincts. Situated within Johannesburg’s industrial mining belt, the site presents both challenges and opportunitie 03 00 The Mooifontein Sports Centre project is an ambitious urban regeneration initiative located under the Mooifontein mine dump, an area historically disconnected from the surrounding communities of Diepkloof, Soccer City, and the NASREC precincts. Situated within Johannesburg’s industrial mining belt, the site presents both challenges and opportunities for revitalisation. The vision for the project is to transform this forgotten landscape into a thriving sports hub, with a key focus on promoting women’s football, particularly through the development of a football academy for Banyana Banyana, South Africa’s national women’s football team. 30 00 The Mooifontein Sports Centre project is an ambitious urban regeneration initiative located under the Mooifontein mine dump, an area historically disconnected from the surrounding communities of Diepkloof, Soccer City, and the NASREC precincts. Situated within Johannesburg’s industrial mining belt, the site presents both challenges and opportunities for revitalisation. The vision for the project is to transform this forgotten landscape into a thriving sports hub, with a key focus on promoting women’s football, particularly through the development of a football academy for Banyana Banyana, South Africa’s national women’s football team. 20 00 Open Access Johannes Schoeman UJ Press 01 URL https://ujpress.uj.ac.za 01 UJ Press 01 Publisher's website: home page https://ujpress.uj.ac.za/ 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/370 Johannesburg 04 01 20250826 Nkosini Ngwenya; Wandile Khumalo, Nqobile Zwane, Naphtali Moshe Aphane, Tana Goate, A. Madonsela et al, Samukelo Sibiya, Karabo Tshepo Shoroma, Maggie Mehlape, Bonginkosi Yika, Martin Gammon, Razeen Le Roux, Yusuf Momoniat, Mynah Matekenya, Mvelo Nyamelo, Parele Shamase, T Mabusa et al, Ditshegofatso Maoto, Caitlin Hamilton et al, Njabulo Dlamini, Nadine Herbst, Morgan Potgieter, Lebohang Mosia, Johannes Schoeman 02 WORLD 06 15 9780639890050 06 15 9780639890067 06 15 9780639890081 WORLD 11 Unknown 36 Unspecified hosting platform: webpage for this product https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/370 29 Unspecified hosting platform: download the title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/view/370/1253/5106 20 08 20250826 01 urn:uuid:c37dbbcb-3067-4180-8806-440a14cae9d9 03 01 01 thoth-work-id urn:uuid:1bb94474-c474-41e4-ba10-32251093c115 01 thoth-publication-id urn:uuid:c37dbbcb-3067-4180-8806-440a14cae9d9 15 9780639890173 06 10.64449/9780639890180 00 BC 10 01 228 mm 01 22.8 cm 01 8.98 in 02 152 mm 02 15.2 cm 02 5.98 in 03 19 mm 03 1.9 cm 03 0.75 in Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ 01 01 3rd Conference of Planning Students and Young Graduates: Spatial Planning, Urban Development Challenges / Opportunities, Resilience and Smart Cities With Focus on 4IR 1 A01 21 0000-0001-8566-0830 George O. Onatu George Onatu 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 2 B01 21 0000-0003-3617-4996 Trynos Gumbo Trynos Gumbo 01 eng 00 354 03 20 4IR 93 AMVD 10 ARC018000 20 smart cities 20 spatial planning 20 urban development 01 06 02 00 This is the first edition of the Proceedings of the Conference for Planning Students and Young Graduates (CPSYG). The CPSYG 2022 brought together young planning researchers, seasoned academics from various universities, built environment practitioners and relevant stakeholders from South Africa and other countries to share and debate latest researc 03 00 This is the first edition of the Proceedings of the Conference for Planning Students and Young Graduates (CPSYG). The CPSYG 2022 brought together young planning researchers, seasoned academics from various universities, built environment practitioners and relevant stakeholders from South Africa and other countries to share and debate latest research findings, foster interdisciplinary collaboration and explore innovative / cutting edge solutions to both current and emerging challenges in the built environment. Areas of focus as shared in this proceeding and volume includes: the emergence and evolution of Alexandra Township in Johannesburg ; the assessment of the relationship between urbanization and economic development around the world, how policies and legislation responds to water infrastructure in Rustenburg, South Africa; Wetland ecosystems in Limpopo Province, the influence of Non-Motorised Transport (NMT) systems around the world, Planning for sustainable Tourism in Zimbabwe, the use and application of 4IR in the revitalization of declining mining town in South Africa, Urban Informality Presence in Botswana, Demolition and Forced eviction in Accra, Ghana, Challenges of state-subsidised housing provisions in Maseru, Lesotho; Urban Renewal and sustainable development nexus in Mbombela, Competitive Cities in South Africa and Poor basic services provisions in Stjwetla, Alexandra, Johannesburg. 30 00 This is the first edition of the Proceedings of the Conference for Planning Students and Young Graduates (CPSYG). The CPSYG 2022 brought together young planning researchers, seasoned academics from various universities, built environment practitioners and relevant stakeholders from South Africa and other countries to share and debate latest research findings, foster interdisciplinary collaboration and explore innovative / cutting edge solutions to both current and emerging challenges in the built environment. Areas of focus as shared in this proceeding and volume includes: the emergence and evolution of Alexandra Township in Johannesburg ; the assessment of the relationship between urbanization and economic development around the world, how policies and legislation responds to water infrastructure in Rustenburg, South Africa; Wetland ecosystems in Limpopo Province, the influence of Non-Motorised Transport (NMT) systems around the world, Planning for sustainable Tourism in Zimbabwe, the use and application of 4IR in the revitalization of declining mining town in South Africa, Urban Informality Presence in Botswana, Demolition and Forced eviction in Accra, Ghana, Challenges of state-subsidised housing provisions in Maseru, Lesotho; Urban Renewal and sustainable development nexus in Mbombela, Competitive Cities in South Africa and Poor basic services provisions in Stjwetla, Alexandra, Johannesburg. 04 00 Emergence and Evolution of Alexandra Township in Johannesburg A Study on the Development of a Mixed Settlement G.O. Nkere, J. Mahachi, George O Onatu , Mhlalisi Mndzebele DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639890180-01 PDF Adopting a systematic literature review to assess the relationship between Urbanization and Economic Development Sizolwakhe Innocent Mtetwa, Nolwazi Qumbisa, Lesiba George Mollo DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639890180-02 PDF Exploration of Policy and Legislation for managing water infrastructure assets in Rustenburg local municipality, South Africa Tshifhiwa Mudau , Mischka Dunn, Abraham R Matamanda DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639890180-03 PDF Policy and Legal Framework of Wetland Ecosystems in Nandoni Limpopo Province South Africa Priscila Banda , Trynos Gumbo DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639890180-04 PDF The Influence of Non-Motorised Transport Systems Around the World A Case Study of Singapore, Shanghai, Lagos, Jakarta, Johannesburg, and Cape Town Kiara Lawrence , Trynos Gumbo, Zaakirah Jeeva DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639890180-05 PDF Resilience, Spatiality and the Planning of Tourism A Literature Review Andrew Chigudu DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639890180-06 PDF Exploring the Possibilities of the 4IR for Revitalising a Declining Mining Town Dane Buttner, Janette Britz DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639890180-07 PDF Exploring the Presence of Urban Informality in Botswana Case of Backyard Renting in Mogoditshane, Greater Gaborone Onkemetse Nage, Jennilee Kohima, Eric Yankson DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639890180-08 PDF State Demolition and Forced Eviction as Flood Vulnerability Management in Accra, Ghana Aisha Adams, Clifford Amoako DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639890180-09 PDF Institutional Downward Raiding in Housing Challenges for State-Subsidised Housing for Low-Income Groups in Developing Countries, The Case Study of Linakotseng, Maseru, Lesotho Ramapulane Mphanya, Trynos Gumbo, George O Onatu DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639890180-10 PDF Exploring the Relationship Between Urban Renewal and Sustainable Development in the City of Mbombela Frans Boy Mongalo , Ockert Pretorius DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639890180-11 PDF Competitive Cities An Exploration of Location and Human Capital in South African Cities Mpho Mashego, Vuyiswa Letsoko DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639890180-12 PDF Impacts of Poor Basic Service Delivery on the Development of Sustainable Human Settlements and Improved Livelihoods Case of Stjwetla, Alexandra Sfiso Mngomezulu, George O Onatu DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639890180-13 PDF 20 00 Open Access 01 00 03 02 https://books.ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/10.64449/9780639890180_frontcover.jpg 1 03 06 10.64449/9780639890180-01 1 29 29 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Chapter 01 01 Emergence and Evolution of Alexandra Township in Johannesburg A Study on the Development of a Mixed Settlement 02 00 The emergence and evolution of the township of Alexandra in Johannesburg, South Africa, is a significant chapter in the urban history of the region. 03 00 The emergence and evolution of the township of Alexandra in Johannesburg, South Africa, is a significant chapter in the urban history of the region. As a distinctive mixed settlement, it represents the complexities and challenges associated with the development of urban spaces in a segregated society. This paper explores the origins and development of Alexandra and examines the historical background of the township and how it has transformed over time. It investigates the historical, social, economic, and cultural factors that have shaped this vibrant community. By analysing its early formation, urban planning, and subsequent changes, this study aims to understand the dynamics that contribute to its growth, transformation, and challenges. The growth of Alexandra as a mixed settlement has outpaced government attempts to improve infrastructure, provide sufficient housing and services, and mitigate disasters and vulnerabilities. A multidisciplinary approach, combining archival research, interviews, and spatial analysis, offers a comprehensive examination of the complexities surrounding this settlement. The findings provide insight into the difficulties and opportunities that can inform future policies and interventions aimed at addressing the challenges faced by Alexandra and promoting sustainable development. A fundamentally new strategy is imperative. 30 00 The emergence and evolution of the township of Alexandra in Johannesburg, South Africa, is a significant chapter in the urban history of the region. As a distinctive mixed settlement, it represents the complexities and challenges associated with the development of urban spaces in a segregated society. This paper explores the origins and development of Alexandra and examines the historical background of the township and how it has transformed over time. It investigates the historical, social, economic, and cultural factors that have shaped this vibrant community. By analysing its early formation, urban planning, and subsequent changes, this study aims to understand the dynamics that contribute to its growth, transformation, and challenges. The growth of Alexandra as a mixed settlement has outpaced government attempts to improve infrastructure, provide sufficient housing and services, and mitigate disasters and vulnerabilities. A multidisciplinary approach, combining archival research, interviews, and spatial analysis, offers a comprehensive examination of the complexities surrounding this settlement. The findings provide insight into the difficulties and opportunities that can inform future policies and interventions aimed at addressing the challenges faced by Alexandra and promoting sustainable development. A fundamentally new strategy is imperative. 20 00 Open Access G.O. Nkere, J. Mahachi, George O Onatu , Mhlalisi Mndzebele 2 03 06 10.64449/9780639890180-02 31 52 22 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Chapter 01 01 Adopting a Systematic Literature Review to Assess the Relationship Between Urbanisation and Economic Development 20 00 Open Access 3 03 06 10.64449/9780639890180-03 53 75 23 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Chapter 01 01 Exploration of Policy and Legislation for Managing Water Infrastructure Assets in the Rustenburg Local Municipality, South Africa 02 00 The purpose of this paper is to explore the policy and legislative framework for managing water infrastructure assets in the Rustenburg Local Municipality. 03 00 The purpose of this paper is to explore the policy and legislative framework for managing water infrastructure assets in the Rustenburg Local Municipality. The lack of asset management policies and the implementation of legislation have left municipalities without asset information for planning. Although infrastructure assets improve quality of life and drive economies, if infrastructure asset management policies and legislation are not in place and adhered to, water provision cannot be realised. A qualitative research design, including a desktop (document) review of policies and legislation on infrastructure asset management and a review of literature from 2011 to 2023, was employed 30 00 The purpose of this paper is to explore the policy and legislative framework for managing water infrastructure assets in the Rustenburg Local Municipality. The lack of asset management policies and the implementation of legislation have left municipalities without asset information for planning. Although infrastructure assets improve quality of life and drive economies, if infrastructure asset management policies and legislation are not in place and adhered to, water provision cannot be realised. A qualitative research design, including a desktop (document) review of policies and legislation on infrastructure asset management and a review of literature from 2011 to 2023, was employed 20 00 Open Access Tshifhiwa Mudau , Mischka Dunn, Abraham R Matamanda 4 03 06 10.64449/9780639890180-04 77 104 28 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Chapter 01 01 Policy and Legal Framework of Wetland Ecosystems in Nandoni, Limpopo Province, South Africa 20 00 Open Access 5 03 06 10.64449/9780639890180-05 105 124 20 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Chapter 01 01 The Influence of Non-Motorised Transport Systems Around the World A Case Study of Singapore, Shanghai, Lagos, Jakarta, Johannesburg, and Cape Town 20 00 Open Access 6 03 06 10.64449/9780639890180-06 125 151 27 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Chapter 01 01 Resilience, Spatiality, and the Planning of Tourism A Literature Review 20 00 Open Access 7 03 06 10.64449/9780639890180-07 153 182 30 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Chapter 01 01 Exploring the Possibilities of the 4IR for Revitalising a Declining Mining Town 02 00 The main contributing factor to the decline of mining towns is the depletion of natural minerals. 03 00 The main contributing factor to the decline of mining towns is the depletion of natural minerals. The focus of this study was Kimberley, located in the Northern Cape province of South Africa. Kimberley was established in the 1860s following the discovery of diamonds in the country. Over the following decades, the town expanded considerably and was designated as the capital city of the Northern Cape province in 1994. However, as natural mineral resources were depleted, the mines in Kimberley ceased operations, which contributed to the town’s decline. 30 00 The main contributing factor to the decline of mining towns is the depletion of natural minerals. The focus of this study was Kimberley, located in the Northern Cape province of South Africa. Kimberley was established in the 1860s following the discovery of diamonds in the country. Over the following decades, the town expanded considerably and was designated as the capital city of the Northern Cape province in 1994. However, as natural mineral resources were depleted, the mines in Kimberley ceased operations, which contributed to the town’s decline. 20 00 Open Access Dane Buttner, Janette Britz 8 03 06 10.64449/9780639890180-08 183 206 24 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Chapter 01 01 Exploring the Presence of Urban Informality in Botswana Case of Backyard Renting in Mogoditshane, Greater Gaborone 02 00 This research reflects on the contribution of urban planning legislative and regulatory frameworks to the emergence and growth of informal backyard rental housing in Mogoditshane, Botswana. 03 00 This research reflects on the contribution of urban planning legislative and regulatory frameworks to the emergence and growth of informal backyard rental housing in Mogoditshane, Botswana. The existence of supportive planning legislation is central to the realisation of inclusive settlements and spatial justice. It has been concluded that Botswana’s settlement planning legislation is elitist and exclusionary in nature and thus plays an important role in the creation of informal housing. Planning control measures, such as standards, procedures, and regulations, have been identified as contributing factors that hinder the urban poor from affording decent housing or meeting planning requirements. 30 00 This research reflects on the contribution of urban planning legislative and regulatory frameworks to the emergence and growth of informal backyard rental housing in Mogoditshane, Botswana. The existence of supportive planning legislation is central to the realisation of inclusive settlements and spatial justice. It has been concluded that Botswana’s settlement planning legislation is elitist and exclusionary in nature and thus plays an important role in the creation of informal housing. Planning control measures, such as standards, procedures, and regulations, have been identified as contributing factors that hinder the urban poor from affording decent housing or meeting planning requirements. 20 00 Open Access Onkemetse Nage, Jennilee Kohima, Eric Yankson 9 03 06 10.64449/9780639890180-09 207 231 25 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Chapter 01 01 State Demolition and Forced Eviction as Flood Vulnerability Management in Accra, Ghana 20 00 Open Access 10 03 06 10.64449/9780639890180-10 233 245 13 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Chapter 01 01 Institutional Downward Raiding in Housing Challenges for State-Subsidised Housing for Low-Income Groups in Developing Countries, The Case Study of Linakotseng, Maseru, Lesotho 02 00 Little has been said about downward raiding in housing in the planning literature. Various governments in developing countries have established subsidised housing projects with the hope of providing housing opportunities to low-income groups. These government institutions offer housing subsidies and serviced sites to 03 00 Little has been said about downward raiding in housing in the planning literature. Various governments in developing countries have established subsidised housing projects with the hope of providing housing opportunities to low-income groups. These government institutions offer housing subsidies and serviced sites to improve access to adequate housing for low-income groups. However, low-income areas are often raided by middle-income earners, which makes it difficult for low-income households to access housing that was originally intended for them. State institutions frequently appear ineffective as they fail to address this problem, which results in low-income households struggling to participate in the formal housing market. This paper therefore examines the role of state housing institutions in the perpetuation of downward raiding in housing, focusing on the Linakotseng housing project in Maseru, Lesotho. The methodology employed included a case study research design, key informant interviews, and a review of strategic documents. The study found that the government-led low-income housing project in Linakotseng was raided by middle-income earners, which rendered the houses unaffordable for low-income groups. It was identified that the community was not involved in the planning of this settlement, and market research was not conducted properly. The study recommends the adoption of a methodology in housing projects that encourages community participation and thorough market research, and that authorities must understand local realities. 30 00 Little has been said about downward raiding in housing in the planning literature. Various governments in developing countries have established subsidised housing projects with the hope of providing housing opportunities to low-income groups. These government institutions offer housing subsidies and serviced sites to improve access to adequate housing for low-income groups. However, low-income areas are often raided by middle-income earners, which makes it difficult for low-income households to access housing that was originally intended for them. State institutions frequently appear ineffective as they fail to address this problem, which results in low-income households struggling to participate in the formal housing market. This paper therefore examines the role of state housing institutions in the perpetuation of downward raiding in housing, focusing on the Linakotseng housing project in Maseru, Lesotho. The methodology employed included a case study research design, key informant interviews, and a review of strategic documents. The study found that the government-led low-income housing project in Linakotseng was raided by middle-income earners, which rendered the houses unaffordable for low-income groups. It was identified that the community was not involved in the planning of this settlement, and market research was not conducted properly. The study recommends the adoption of a methodology in housing projects that encourages community participation and thorough market research, and that authorities must understand local realities. 20 00 Open Access Ramapulane Mphanya, Trynos Gumbo, George O Onatu 11 03 06 10.64449/9780639890180-11 247 262 16 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Chapter 01 01 Exploring the Relationship Between Urban Renewal and Sustainable Development in the City of Mbombela 02 00 Sustainable urban renewal is characterised by the actions, policies, and methods used to revitalise a city and address integrated technical, spatial, and socio-economic issues while minimising adverse environmental effects. 03 00 Sustainable urban renewal is characterised by the actions, policies, and methods used to revitalise a city and address integrated technical, spatial, and socio-economic issues while minimising adverse environmental effects. This study’s goal was to strengthen the relationship between urban renewal and sustainable development in the Barberton region (City of Mbombela) in order to preserve and improve infrastructure, promote ripple pond investment, support economic sectors, and enhance locals’ ability to live sustainably. Barberton was established as a node to support gold mining in 1886 and is now recognised as one of the urbanised neighbourhoods in the City of Mbombela. However, the region’s economy is declining because most of the mines have reached the end of their lifespan. As a result, many people are relocating to other regions, leaving vulnerable individuals behind and leading to an increase in crime (gender-based violence, property hijacking, housebreaking, etc.). 30 00 Sustainable urban renewal is characterised by the actions, policies, and methods used to revitalise a city and address integrated technical, spatial, and socio-economic issues while minimising adverse environmental effects. This study’s goal was to strengthen the relationship between urban renewal and sustainable development in the Barberton region (City of Mbombela) in order to preserve and improve infrastructure, promote ripple pond investment, support economic sectors, and enhance locals’ ability to live sustainably. Barberton was established as a node to support gold mining in 1886 and is now recognised as one of the urbanised neighbourhoods in the City of Mbombela. However, the region’s economy is declining because most of the mines have reached the end of their lifespan. As a result, many people are relocating to other regions, leaving vulnerable individuals behind and leading to an increase in crime (gender-based violence, property hijacking, housebreaking, etc.). 20 00 Open Access Frans Boy Mongalo , Ockert Pretorius 12 03 06 10.64449/9780639890180-12 263 297 35 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Chapter 01 01 Competitive Cities An Exploration of Location and Human Capital in South African Cities 20 00 Open Access 13 03 06 10.64449/9780639890180-13 299 323 25 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Chapter 01 01 Impacts of Poor Basic Service Delivery on the Development of Sustainable Human Settlements and Improved Livelihoods Case of Stjwetla, Alexandra 02 00 The Constitution of the Republic of South Africa acknowledges the importance of basic service delivery in the development and improvement of lives, thus making it the government’s mandate. 03 00 The Constitution of the Republic of South Africa acknowledges the importance of basic service delivery in the development and improvement of lives, thus making it the government’s mandate. With access to basic services being a legitimate expectation of citizens, the government is responsible for ensuring that it provides continuous service delivery and maintenance to its people. Service delivery enables individuals to meet their own needs by providing the security necessary for a household to function fully, and it is a prerequisite for poverty reduction. Despite the well-known benefits of providing basic services, delivery challenges persist, particularly in informal settlements. Informal settlements fall outside the regulated, legal, planned channels of city development; they therefore receive little government attention. The lack of government support for informal settlements is a barrier to improving basic services and infrastructure. 30 00 The Constitution of the Republic of South Africa acknowledges the importance of basic service delivery in the development and improvement of lives, thus making it the government’s mandate. With access to basic services being a legitimate expectation of citizens, the government is responsible for ensuring that it provides continuous service delivery and maintenance to its people. Service delivery enables individuals to meet their own needs by providing the security necessary for a household to function fully, and it is a prerequisite for poverty reduction. Despite the well-known benefits of providing basic services, delivery challenges persist, particularly in informal settlements. Informal settlements fall outside the regulated, legal, planned channels of city development; they therefore receive little government attention. The lack of government support for informal settlements is a barrier to improving basic services and infrastructure. 20 00 Open Access Sfiso Mngomezulu, George O Onatu UJ Press 01 URL https://ujpress.uj.ac.za 01 UJ Press 01 Publisher's website: home page https://ujpress.uj.ac.za/ 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/196 Johannesburg 04 01 20251021 George O Onatu; Trynos Gumbo 02 WORLD 06 15 9780639890180 06 15 9780639890197 WORLD 09 UJ Press 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this product https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/196 29 Publisher's website: download the title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/196 20 08 20251021 02 375.00 ZAR WORLD urn:uuid:31e4fb90-8b21-487d-8607-c18fce8a0476 03 01 01 thoth-work-id urn:uuid:1bb94474-c474-41e4-ba10-32251093c115 01 thoth-publication-id urn:uuid:31e4fb90-8b21-487d-8607-c18fce8a0476 15 9780639890180 06 10.64449/9780639890180 00 EB E107 10 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ 01 01 3rd Conference of Planning Students and Young Graduates: Spatial Planning, Urban Development Challenges / Opportunities, Resilience and Smart Cities With Focus on 4IR 1 A01 21 0000-0001-8566-0830 George O. Onatu George Onatu 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 2 B01 21 0000-0003-3617-4996 Trynos Gumbo Trynos Gumbo 01 eng 00 354 03 20 4IR 93 AMVD 10 ARC018000 20 smart cities 20 spatial planning 20 urban development 01 06 02 00 This is the first edition of the Proceedings of the Conference for Planning Students and Young Graduates (CPSYG). The CPSYG 2022 brought together young planning researchers, seasoned academics from various universities, built environment practitioners and relevant stakeholders from South Africa and other countries to share and debate latest researc 03 00 This is the first edition of the Proceedings of the Conference for Planning Students and Young Graduates (CPSYG). The CPSYG 2022 brought together young planning researchers, seasoned academics from various universities, built environment practitioners and relevant stakeholders from South Africa and other countries to share and debate latest research findings, foster interdisciplinary collaboration and explore innovative / cutting edge solutions to both current and emerging challenges in the built environment. Areas of focus as shared in this proceeding and volume includes: the emergence and evolution of Alexandra Township in Johannesburg ; the assessment of the relationship between urbanization and economic development around the world, how policies and legislation responds to water infrastructure in Rustenburg, South Africa; Wetland ecosystems in Limpopo Province, the influence of Non-Motorised Transport (NMT) systems around the world, Planning for sustainable Tourism in Zimbabwe, the use and application of 4IR in the revitalization of declining mining town in South Africa, Urban Informality Presence in Botswana, Demolition and Forced eviction in Accra, Ghana, Challenges of state-subsidised housing provisions in Maseru, Lesotho; Urban Renewal and sustainable development nexus in Mbombela, Competitive Cities in South Africa and Poor basic services provisions in Stjwetla, Alexandra, Johannesburg. 30 00 This is the first edition of the Proceedings of the Conference for Planning Students and Young Graduates (CPSYG). The CPSYG 2022 brought together young planning researchers, seasoned academics from various universities, built environment practitioners and relevant stakeholders from South Africa and other countries to share and debate latest research findings, foster interdisciplinary collaboration and explore innovative / cutting edge solutions to both current and emerging challenges in the built environment. Areas of focus as shared in this proceeding and volume includes: the emergence and evolution of Alexandra Township in Johannesburg ; the assessment of the relationship between urbanization and economic development around the world, how policies and legislation responds to water infrastructure in Rustenburg, South Africa; Wetland ecosystems in Limpopo Province, the influence of Non-Motorised Transport (NMT) systems around the world, Planning for sustainable Tourism in Zimbabwe, the use and application of 4IR in the revitalization of declining mining town in South Africa, Urban Informality Presence in Botswana, Demolition and Forced eviction in Accra, Ghana, Challenges of state-subsidised housing provisions in Maseru, Lesotho; Urban Renewal and sustainable development nexus in Mbombela, Competitive Cities in South Africa and Poor basic services provisions in Stjwetla, Alexandra, Johannesburg. 04 00 Emergence and Evolution of Alexandra Township in Johannesburg A Study on the Development of a Mixed Settlement G.O. Nkere, J. Mahachi, George O Onatu , Mhlalisi Mndzebele DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639890180-01 PDF Adopting a systematic literature review to assess the relationship between Urbanization and Economic Development Sizolwakhe Innocent Mtetwa, Nolwazi Qumbisa, Lesiba George Mollo DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639890180-02 PDF Exploration of Policy and Legislation for managing water infrastructure assets in Rustenburg local municipality, South Africa Tshifhiwa Mudau , Mischka Dunn, Abraham R Matamanda DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639890180-03 PDF Policy and Legal Framework of Wetland Ecosystems in Nandoni Limpopo Province South Africa Priscila Banda , Trynos Gumbo DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639890180-04 PDF The Influence of Non-Motorised Transport Systems Around the World A Case Study of Singapore, Shanghai, Lagos, Jakarta, Johannesburg, and Cape Town Kiara Lawrence , Trynos Gumbo, Zaakirah Jeeva DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639890180-05 PDF Resilience, Spatiality and the Planning of Tourism A Literature Review Andrew Chigudu DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639890180-06 PDF Exploring the Possibilities of the 4IR for Revitalising a Declining Mining Town Dane Buttner, Janette Britz DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639890180-07 PDF Exploring the Presence of Urban Informality in Botswana Case of Backyard Renting in Mogoditshane, Greater Gaborone Onkemetse Nage, Jennilee Kohima, Eric Yankson DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639890180-08 PDF State Demolition and Forced Eviction as Flood Vulnerability Management in Accra, Ghana Aisha Adams, Clifford Amoako DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639890180-09 PDF Institutional Downward Raiding in Housing Challenges for State-Subsidised Housing for Low-Income Groups in Developing Countries, The Case Study of Linakotseng, Maseru, Lesotho Ramapulane Mphanya, Trynos Gumbo, George O Onatu DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639890180-10 PDF Exploring the Relationship Between Urban Renewal and Sustainable Development in the City of Mbombela Frans Boy Mongalo , Ockert Pretorius DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639890180-11 PDF Competitive Cities An Exploration of Location and Human Capital in South African Cities Mpho Mashego, Vuyiswa Letsoko DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639890180-12 PDF Impacts of Poor Basic Service Delivery on the Development of Sustainable Human Settlements and Improved Livelihoods Case of Stjwetla, Alexandra Sfiso Mngomezulu, George O Onatu DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639890180-13 PDF 20 00 Open Access 01 00 03 02 https://books.ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/10.64449/9780639890180_frontcover.jpg 1 03 06 10.64449/9780639890180-01 1 29 29 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Chapter 01 01 Emergence and Evolution of Alexandra Township in Johannesburg A Study on the Development of a Mixed Settlement 02 00 The emergence and evolution of the township of Alexandra in Johannesburg, South Africa, is a significant chapter in the urban history of the region. 03 00 The emergence and evolution of the township of Alexandra in Johannesburg, South Africa, is a significant chapter in the urban history of the region. As a distinctive mixed settlement, it represents the complexities and challenges associated with the development of urban spaces in a segregated society. This paper explores the origins and development of Alexandra and examines the historical background of the township and how it has transformed over time. It investigates the historical, social, economic, and cultural factors that have shaped this vibrant community. By analysing its early formation, urban planning, and subsequent changes, this study aims to understand the dynamics that contribute to its growth, transformation, and challenges. The growth of Alexandra as a mixed settlement has outpaced government attempts to improve infrastructure, provide sufficient housing and services, and mitigate disasters and vulnerabilities. A multidisciplinary approach, combining archival research, interviews, and spatial analysis, offers a comprehensive examination of the complexities surrounding this settlement. The findings provide insight into the difficulties and opportunities that can inform future policies and interventions aimed at addressing the challenges faced by Alexandra and promoting sustainable development. A fundamentally new strategy is imperative. 30 00 The emergence and evolution of the township of Alexandra in Johannesburg, South Africa, is a significant chapter in the urban history of the region. As a distinctive mixed settlement, it represents the complexities and challenges associated with the development of urban spaces in a segregated society. This paper explores the origins and development of Alexandra and examines the historical background of the township and how it has transformed over time. It investigates the historical, social, economic, and cultural factors that have shaped this vibrant community. By analysing its early formation, urban planning, and subsequent changes, this study aims to understand the dynamics that contribute to its growth, transformation, and challenges. The growth of Alexandra as a mixed settlement has outpaced government attempts to improve infrastructure, provide sufficient housing and services, and mitigate disasters and vulnerabilities. A multidisciplinary approach, combining archival research, interviews, and spatial analysis, offers a comprehensive examination of the complexities surrounding this settlement. The findings provide insight into the difficulties and opportunities that can inform future policies and interventions aimed at addressing the challenges faced by Alexandra and promoting sustainable development. A fundamentally new strategy is imperative. 20 00 Open Access G.O. Nkere, J. Mahachi, George O Onatu , Mhlalisi Mndzebele 2 03 06 10.64449/9780639890180-02 31 52 22 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Chapter 01 01 Adopting a Systematic Literature Review to Assess the Relationship Between Urbanisation and Economic Development 20 00 Open Access 3 03 06 10.64449/9780639890180-03 53 75 23 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Chapter 01 01 Exploration of Policy and Legislation for Managing Water Infrastructure Assets in the Rustenburg Local Municipality, South Africa 02 00 The purpose of this paper is to explore the policy and legislative framework for managing water infrastructure assets in the Rustenburg Local Municipality. 03 00 The purpose of this paper is to explore the policy and legislative framework for managing water infrastructure assets in the Rustenburg Local Municipality. The lack of asset management policies and the implementation of legislation have left municipalities without asset information for planning. Although infrastructure assets improve quality of life and drive economies, if infrastructure asset management policies and legislation are not in place and adhered to, water provision cannot be realised. A qualitative research design, including a desktop (document) review of policies and legislation on infrastructure asset management and a review of literature from 2011 to 2023, was employed 30 00 The purpose of this paper is to explore the policy and legislative framework for managing water infrastructure assets in the Rustenburg Local Municipality. The lack of asset management policies and the implementation of legislation have left municipalities without asset information for planning. Although infrastructure assets improve quality of life and drive economies, if infrastructure asset management policies and legislation are not in place and adhered to, water provision cannot be realised. A qualitative research design, including a desktop (document) review of policies and legislation on infrastructure asset management and a review of literature from 2011 to 2023, was employed 20 00 Open Access Tshifhiwa Mudau , Mischka Dunn, Abraham R Matamanda 4 03 06 10.64449/9780639890180-04 77 104 28 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Chapter 01 01 Policy and Legal Framework of Wetland Ecosystems in Nandoni, Limpopo Province, South Africa 20 00 Open Access 5 03 06 10.64449/9780639890180-05 105 124 20 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Chapter 01 01 The Influence of Non-Motorised Transport Systems Around the World A Case Study of Singapore, Shanghai, Lagos, Jakarta, Johannesburg, and Cape Town 20 00 Open Access 6 03 06 10.64449/9780639890180-06 125 151 27 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Chapter 01 01 Resilience, Spatiality, and the Planning of Tourism A Literature Review 20 00 Open Access 7 03 06 10.64449/9780639890180-07 153 182 30 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Chapter 01 01 Exploring the Possibilities of the 4IR for Revitalising a Declining Mining Town 02 00 The main contributing factor to the decline of mining towns is the depletion of natural minerals. 03 00 The main contributing factor to the decline of mining towns is the depletion of natural minerals. The focus of this study was Kimberley, located in the Northern Cape province of South Africa. Kimberley was established in the 1860s following the discovery of diamonds in the country. Over the following decades, the town expanded considerably and was designated as the capital city of the Northern Cape province in 1994. However, as natural mineral resources were depleted, the mines in Kimberley ceased operations, which contributed to the town’s decline. 30 00 The main contributing factor to the decline of mining towns is the depletion of natural minerals. The focus of this study was Kimberley, located in the Northern Cape province of South Africa. Kimberley was established in the 1860s following the discovery of diamonds in the country. Over the following decades, the town expanded considerably and was designated as the capital city of the Northern Cape province in 1994. However, as natural mineral resources were depleted, the mines in Kimberley ceased operations, which contributed to the town’s decline. 20 00 Open Access Dane Buttner, Janette Britz 8 03 06 10.64449/9780639890180-08 183 206 24 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Chapter 01 01 Exploring the Presence of Urban Informality in Botswana Case of Backyard Renting in Mogoditshane, Greater Gaborone 02 00 This research reflects on the contribution of urban planning legislative and regulatory frameworks to the emergence and growth of informal backyard rental housing in Mogoditshane, Botswana. 03 00 This research reflects on the contribution of urban planning legislative and regulatory frameworks to the emergence and growth of informal backyard rental housing in Mogoditshane, Botswana. The existence of supportive planning legislation is central to the realisation of inclusive settlements and spatial justice. It has been concluded that Botswana’s settlement planning legislation is elitist and exclusionary in nature and thus plays an important role in the creation of informal housing. Planning control measures, such as standards, procedures, and regulations, have been identified as contributing factors that hinder the urban poor from affording decent housing or meeting planning requirements. 30 00 This research reflects on the contribution of urban planning legislative and regulatory frameworks to the emergence and growth of informal backyard rental housing in Mogoditshane, Botswana. The existence of supportive planning legislation is central to the realisation of inclusive settlements and spatial justice. It has been concluded that Botswana’s settlement planning legislation is elitist and exclusionary in nature and thus plays an important role in the creation of informal housing. Planning control measures, such as standards, procedures, and regulations, have been identified as contributing factors that hinder the urban poor from affording decent housing or meeting planning requirements. 20 00 Open Access Onkemetse Nage, Jennilee Kohima, Eric Yankson 9 03 06 10.64449/9780639890180-09 207 231 25 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Chapter 01 01 State Demolition and Forced Eviction as Flood Vulnerability Management in Accra, Ghana 20 00 Open Access 10 03 06 10.64449/9780639890180-10 233 245 13 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Chapter 01 01 Institutional Downward Raiding in Housing Challenges for State-Subsidised Housing for Low-Income Groups in Developing Countries, The Case Study of Linakotseng, Maseru, Lesotho 02 00 Little has been said about downward raiding in housing in the planning literature. Various governments in developing countries have established subsidised housing projects with the hope of providing housing opportunities to low-income groups. These government institutions offer housing subsidies and serviced sites to 03 00 Little has been said about downward raiding in housing in the planning literature. Various governments in developing countries have established subsidised housing projects with the hope of providing housing opportunities to low-income groups. These government institutions offer housing subsidies and serviced sites to improve access to adequate housing for low-income groups. However, low-income areas are often raided by middle-income earners, which makes it difficult for low-income households to access housing that was originally intended for them. State institutions frequently appear ineffective as they fail to address this problem, which results in low-income households struggling to participate in the formal housing market. This paper therefore examines the role of state housing institutions in the perpetuation of downward raiding in housing, focusing on the Linakotseng housing project in Maseru, Lesotho. The methodology employed included a case study research design, key informant interviews, and a review of strategic documents. The study found that the government-led low-income housing project in Linakotseng was raided by middle-income earners, which rendered the houses unaffordable for low-income groups. It was identified that the community was not involved in the planning of this settlement, and market research was not conducted properly. The study recommends the adoption of a methodology in housing projects that encourages community participation and thorough market research, and that authorities must understand local realities. 30 00 Little has been said about downward raiding in housing in the planning literature. Various governments in developing countries have established subsidised housing projects with the hope of providing housing opportunities to low-income groups. These government institutions offer housing subsidies and serviced sites to improve access to adequate housing for low-income groups. However, low-income areas are often raided by middle-income earners, which makes it difficult for low-income households to access housing that was originally intended for them. State institutions frequently appear ineffective as they fail to address this problem, which results in low-income households struggling to participate in the formal housing market. This paper therefore examines the role of state housing institutions in the perpetuation of downward raiding in housing, focusing on the Linakotseng housing project in Maseru, Lesotho. The methodology employed included a case study research design, key informant interviews, and a review of strategic documents. The study found that the government-led low-income housing project in Linakotseng was raided by middle-income earners, which rendered the houses unaffordable for low-income groups. It was identified that the community was not involved in the planning of this settlement, and market research was not conducted properly. The study recommends the adoption of a methodology in housing projects that encourages community participation and thorough market research, and that authorities must understand local realities. 20 00 Open Access Ramapulane Mphanya, Trynos Gumbo, George O Onatu 11 03 06 10.64449/9780639890180-11 247 262 16 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Chapter 01 01 Exploring the Relationship Between Urban Renewal and Sustainable Development in the City of Mbombela 02 00 Sustainable urban renewal is characterised by the actions, policies, and methods used to revitalise a city and address integrated technical, spatial, and socio-economic issues while minimising adverse environmental effects. 03 00 Sustainable urban renewal is characterised by the actions, policies, and methods used to revitalise a city and address integrated technical, spatial, and socio-economic issues while minimising adverse environmental effects. This study’s goal was to strengthen the relationship between urban renewal and sustainable development in the Barberton region (City of Mbombela) in order to preserve and improve infrastructure, promote ripple pond investment, support economic sectors, and enhance locals’ ability to live sustainably. Barberton was established as a node to support gold mining in 1886 and is now recognised as one of the urbanised neighbourhoods in the City of Mbombela. However, the region’s economy is declining because most of the mines have reached the end of their lifespan. As a result, many people are relocating to other regions, leaving vulnerable individuals behind and leading to an increase in crime (gender-based violence, property hijacking, housebreaking, etc.). 30 00 Sustainable urban renewal is characterised by the actions, policies, and methods used to revitalise a city and address integrated technical, spatial, and socio-economic issues while minimising adverse environmental effects. This study’s goal was to strengthen the relationship between urban renewal and sustainable development in the Barberton region (City of Mbombela) in order to preserve and improve infrastructure, promote ripple pond investment, support economic sectors, and enhance locals’ ability to live sustainably. Barberton was established as a node to support gold mining in 1886 and is now recognised as one of the urbanised neighbourhoods in the City of Mbombela. However, the region’s economy is declining because most of the mines have reached the end of their lifespan. As a result, many people are relocating to other regions, leaving vulnerable individuals behind and leading to an increase in crime (gender-based violence, property hijacking, housebreaking, etc.). 20 00 Open Access Frans Boy Mongalo , Ockert Pretorius 12 03 06 10.64449/9780639890180-12 263 297 35 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Chapter 01 01 Competitive Cities An Exploration of Location and Human Capital in South African Cities 20 00 Open Access 13 03 06 10.64449/9780639890180-13 299 323 25 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Chapter 01 01 Impacts of Poor Basic Service Delivery on the Development of Sustainable Human Settlements and Improved Livelihoods Case of Stjwetla, Alexandra 02 00 The Constitution of the Republic of South Africa acknowledges the importance of basic service delivery in the development and improvement of lives, thus making it the government’s mandate. 03 00 The Constitution of the Republic of South Africa acknowledges the importance of basic service delivery in the development and improvement of lives, thus making it the government’s mandate. With access to basic services being a legitimate expectation of citizens, the government is responsible for ensuring that it provides continuous service delivery and maintenance to its people. Service delivery enables individuals to meet their own needs by providing the security necessary for a household to function fully, and it is a prerequisite for poverty reduction. Despite the well-known benefits of providing basic services, delivery challenges persist, particularly in informal settlements. Informal settlements fall outside the regulated, legal, planned channels of city development; they therefore receive little government attention. The lack of government support for informal settlements is a barrier to improving basic services and infrastructure. 30 00 The Constitution of the Republic of South Africa acknowledges the importance of basic service delivery in the development and improvement of lives, thus making it the government’s mandate. With access to basic services being a legitimate expectation of citizens, the government is responsible for ensuring that it provides continuous service delivery and maintenance to its people. Service delivery enables individuals to meet their own needs by providing the security necessary for a household to function fully, and it is a prerequisite for poverty reduction. Despite the well-known benefits of providing basic services, delivery challenges persist, particularly in informal settlements. Informal settlements fall outside the regulated, legal, planned channels of city development; they therefore receive little government attention. The lack of government support for informal settlements is a barrier to improving basic services and infrastructure. 20 00 Open Access Sfiso Mngomezulu, George O Onatu UJ Press 01 URL https://ujpress.uj.ac.za 01 UJ Press 01 Publisher's website: home page https://ujpress.uj.ac.za/ 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/196 Johannesburg 04 01 20251021 George O Onatu; Trynos Gumbo 02 WORLD 06 15 9780639890173 06 15 9780639890197 WORLD 09 UJ Press 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this product https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/196 29 Publisher's website: download the title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/view/196/1327/6042 20 08 20251021 01 11 THOTH 36 THOTH: webpage for this product https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/196 29 THOTH: download the title https://books.ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/10.64449/9780639890180.pdf 20 08 20251021 01 urn:uuid:7ce2c6b5-780d-4239-a782-8fbd58510eca 03 01 01 thoth-work-id urn:uuid:1bb94474-c474-41e4-ba10-32251093c115 01 thoth-publication-id urn:uuid:7ce2c6b5-780d-4239-a782-8fbd58510eca 15 9780639890197 06 10.64449/9780639890180 00 EB E101 10 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ 01 01 3rd Conference of Planning Students and Young Graduates: Spatial Planning, Urban Development Challenges / Opportunities, Resilience and Smart Cities With Focus on 4IR 1 A01 21 0000-0001-8566-0830 George O. Onatu George Onatu 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 2 B01 21 0000-0003-3617-4996 Trynos Gumbo Trynos Gumbo 01 eng 00 354 03 20 4IR 93 AMVD 10 ARC018000 20 smart cities 20 spatial planning 20 urban development 01 06 02 00 This is the first edition of the Proceedings of the Conference for Planning Students and Young Graduates (CPSYG). The CPSYG 2022 brought together young planning researchers, seasoned academics from various universities, built environment practitioners and relevant stakeholders from South Africa and other countries to share and debate latest researc 03 00 This is the first edition of the Proceedings of the Conference for Planning Students and Young Graduates (CPSYG). The CPSYG 2022 brought together young planning researchers, seasoned academics from various universities, built environment practitioners and relevant stakeholders from South Africa and other countries to share and debate latest research findings, foster interdisciplinary collaboration and explore innovative / cutting edge solutions to both current and emerging challenges in the built environment. Areas of focus as shared in this proceeding and volume includes: the emergence and evolution of Alexandra Township in Johannesburg ; the assessment of the relationship between urbanization and economic development around the world, how policies and legislation responds to water infrastructure in Rustenburg, South Africa; Wetland ecosystems in Limpopo Province, the influence of Non-Motorised Transport (NMT) systems around the world, Planning for sustainable Tourism in Zimbabwe, the use and application of 4IR in the revitalization of declining mining town in South Africa, Urban Informality Presence in Botswana, Demolition and Forced eviction in Accra, Ghana, Challenges of state-subsidised housing provisions in Maseru, Lesotho; Urban Renewal and sustainable development nexus in Mbombela, Competitive Cities in South Africa and Poor basic services provisions in Stjwetla, Alexandra, Johannesburg. 30 00 This is the first edition of the Proceedings of the Conference for Planning Students and Young Graduates (CPSYG). The CPSYG 2022 brought together young planning researchers, seasoned academics from various universities, built environment practitioners and relevant stakeholders from South Africa and other countries to share and debate latest research findings, foster interdisciplinary collaboration and explore innovative / cutting edge solutions to both current and emerging challenges in the built environment. Areas of focus as shared in this proceeding and volume includes: the emergence and evolution of Alexandra Township in Johannesburg ; the assessment of the relationship between urbanization and economic development around the world, how policies and legislation responds to water infrastructure in Rustenburg, South Africa; Wetland ecosystems in Limpopo Province, the influence of Non-Motorised Transport (NMT) systems around the world, Planning for sustainable Tourism in Zimbabwe, the use and application of 4IR in the revitalization of declining mining town in South Africa, Urban Informality Presence in Botswana, Demolition and Forced eviction in Accra, Ghana, Challenges of state-subsidised housing provisions in Maseru, Lesotho; Urban Renewal and sustainable development nexus in Mbombela, Competitive Cities in South Africa and Poor basic services provisions in Stjwetla, Alexandra, Johannesburg. 04 00 Emergence and Evolution of Alexandra Township in Johannesburg A Study on the Development of a Mixed Settlement G.O. Nkere, J. Mahachi, George O Onatu , Mhlalisi Mndzebele DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639890180-01 PDF Adopting a systematic literature review to assess the relationship between Urbanization and Economic Development Sizolwakhe Innocent Mtetwa, Nolwazi Qumbisa, Lesiba George Mollo DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639890180-02 PDF Exploration of Policy and Legislation for managing water infrastructure assets in Rustenburg local municipality, South Africa Tshifhiwa Mudau , Mischka Dunn, Abraham R Matamanda DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639890180-03 PDF Policy and Legal Framework of Wetland Ecosystems in Nandoni Limpopo Province South Africa Priscila Banda , Trynos Gumbo DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639890180-04 PDF The Influence of Non-Motorised Transport Systems Around the World A Case Study of Singapore, Shanghai, Lagos, Jakarta, Johannesburg, and Cape Town Kiara Lawrence , Trynos Gumbo, Zaakirah Jeeva DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639890180-05 PDF Resilience, Spatiality and the Planning of Tourism A Literature Review Andrew Chigudu DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639890180-06 PDF Exploring the Possibilities of the 4IR for Revitalising a Declining Mining Town Dane Buttner, Janette Britz DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639890180-07 PDF Exploring the Presence of Urban Informality in Botswana Case of Backyard Renting in Mogoditshane, Greater Gaborone Onkemetse Nage, Jennilee Kohima, Eric Yankson DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639890180-08 PDF State Demolition and Forced Eviction as Flood Vulnerability Management in Accra, Ghana Aisha Adams, Clifford Amoako DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639890180-09 PDF Institutional Downward Raiding in Housing Challenges for State-Subsidised Housing for Low-Income Groups in Developing Countries, The Case Study of Linakotseng, Maseru, Lesotho Ramapulane Mphanya, Trynos Gumbo, George O Onatu DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639890180-10 PDF Exploring the Relationship Between Urban Renewal and Sustainable Development in the City of Mbombela Frans Boy Mongalo , Ockert Pretorius DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639890180-11 PDF Competitive Cities An Exploration of Location and Human Capital in South African Cities Mpho Mashego, Vuyiswa Letsoko DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639890180-12 PDF Impacts of Poor Basic Service Delivery on the Development of Sustainable Human Settlements and Improved Livelihoods Case of Stjwetla, Alexandra Sfiso Mngomezulu, George O Onatu DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639890180-13 PDF 20 00 Open Access 01 00 03 02 https://books.ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/10.64449/9780639890180_frontcover.jpg 1 03 06 10.64449/9780639890180-01 1 29 29 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Chapter 01 01 Emergence and Evolution of Alexandra Township in Johannesburg A Study on the Development of a Mixed Settlement 02 00 The emergence and evolution of the township of Alexandra in Johannesburg, South Africa, is a significant chapter in the urban history of the region. 03 00 The emergence and evolution of the township of Alexandra in Johannesburg, South Africa, is a significant chapter in the urban history of the region. As a distinctive mixed settlement, it represents the complexities and challenges associated with the development of urban spaces in a segregated society. This paper explores the origins and development of Alexandra and examines the historical background of the township and how it has transformed over time. It investigates the historical, social, economic, and cultural factors that have shaped this vibrant community. By analysing its early formation, urban planning, and subsequent changes, this study aims to understand the dynamics that contribute to its growth, transformation, and challenges. The growth of Alexandra as a mixed settlement has outpaced government attempts to improve infrastructure, provide sufficient housing and services, and mitigate disasters and vulnerabilities. A multidisciplinary approach, combining archival research, interviews, and spatial analysis, offers a comprehensive examination of the complexities surrounding this settlement. The findings provide insight into the difficulties and opportunities that can inform future policies and interventions aimed at addressing the challenges faced by Alexandra and promoting sustainable development. A fundamentally new strategy is imperative. 30 00 The emergence and evolution of the township of Alexandra in Johannesburg, South Africa, is a significant chapter in the urban history of the region. As a distinctive mixed settlement, it represents the complexities and challenges associated with the development of urban spaces in a segregated society. This paper explores the origins and development of Alexandra and examines the historical background of the township and how it has transformed over time. It investigates the historical, social, economic, and cultural factors that have shaped this vibrant community. By analysing its early formation, urban planning, and subsequent changes, this study aims to understand the dynamics that contribute to its growth, transformation, and challenges. The growth of Alexandra as a mixed settlement has outpaced government attempts to improve infrastructure, provide sufficient housing and services, and mitigate disasters and vulnerabilities. A multidisciplinary approach, combining archival research, interviews, and spatial analysis, offers a comprehensive examination of the complexities surrounding this settlement. The findings provide insight into the difficulties and opportunities that can inform future policies and interventions aimed at addressing the challenges faced by Alexandra and promoting sustainable development. A fundamentally new strategy is imperative. 20 00 Open Access G.O. Nkere, J. Mahachi, George O Onatu , Mhlalisi Mndzebele 2 03 06 10.64449/9780639890180-02 31 52 22 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Chapter 01 01 Adopting a Systematic Literature Review to Assess the Relationship Between Urbanisation and Economic Development 20 00 Open Access 3 03 06 10.64449/9780639890180-03 53 75 23 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Chapter 01 01 Exploration of Policy and Legislation for Managing Water Infrastructure Assets in the Rustenburg Local Municipality, South Africa 02 00 The purpose of this paper is to explore the policy and legislative framework for managing water infrastructure assets in the Rustenburg Local Municipality. 03 00 The purpose of this paper is to explore the policy and legislative framework for managing water infrastructure assets in the Rustenburg Local Municipality. The lack of asset management policies and the implementation of legislation have left municipalities without asset information for planning. Although infrastructure assets improve quality of life and drive economies, if infrastructure asset management policies and legislation are not in place and adhered to, water provision cannot be realised. A qualitative research design, including a desktop (document) review of policies and legislation on infrastructure asset management and a review of literature from 2011 to 2023, was employed 30 00 The purpose of this paper is to explore the policy and legislative framework for managing water infrastructure assets in the Rustenburg Local Municipality. The lack of asset management policies and the implementation of legislation have left municipalities without asset information for planning. Although infrastructure assets improve quality of life and drive economies, if infrastructure asset management policies and legislation are not in place and adhered to, water provision cannot be realised. A qualitative research design, including a desktop (document) review of policies and legislation on infrastructure asset management and a review of literature from 2011 to 2023, was employed 20 00 Open Access Tshifhiwa Mudau , Mischka Dunn, Abraham R Matamanda 4 03 06 10.64449/9780639890180-04 77 104 28 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Chapter 01 01 Policy and Legal Framework of Wetland Ecosystems in Nandoni, Limpopo Province, South Africa 20 00 Open Access 5 03 06 10.64449/9780639890180-05 105 124 20 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Chapter 01 01 The Influence of Non-Motorised Transport Systems Around the World A Case Study of Singapore, Shanghai, Lagos, Jakarta, Johannesburg, and Cape Town 20 00 Open Access 6 03 06 10.64449/9780639890180-06 125 151 27 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Chapter 01 01 Resilience, Spatiality, and the Planning of Tourism A Literature Review 20 00 Open Access 7 03 06 10.64449/9780639890180-07 153 182 30 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Chapter 01 01 Exploring the Possibilities of the 4IR for Revitalising a Declining Mining Town 02 00 The main contributing factor to the decline of mining towns is the depletion of natural minerals. 03 00 The main contributing factor to the decline of mining towns is the depletion of natural minerals. The focus of this study was Kimberley, located in the Northern Cape province of South Africa. Kimberley was established in the 1860s following the discovery of diamonds in the country. Over the following decades, the town expanded considerably and was designated as the capital city of the Northern Cape province in 1994. However, as natural mineral resources were depleted, the mines in Kimberley ceased operations, which contributed to the town’s decline. 30 00 The main contributing factor to the decline of mining towns is the depletion of natural minerals. The focus of this study was Kimberley, located in the Northern Cape province of South Africa. Kimberley was established in the 1860s following the discovery of diamonds in the country. Over the following decades, the town expanded considerably and was designated as the capital city of the Northern Cape province in 1994. However, as natural mineral resources were depleted, the mines in Kimberley ceased operations, which contributed to the town’s decline. 20 00 Open Access Dane Buttner, Janette Britz 8 03 06 10.64449/9780639890180-08 183 206 24 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Chapter 01 01 Exploring the Presence of Urban Informality in Botswana Case of Backyard Renting in Mogoditshane, Greater Gaborone 02 00 This research reflects on the contribution of urban planning legislative and regulatory frameworks to the emergence and growth of informal backyard rental housing in Mogoditshane, Botswana. 03 00 This research reflects on the contribution of urban planning legislative and regulatory frameworks to the emergence and growth of informal backyard rental housing in Mogoditshane, Botswana. The existence of supportive planning legislation is central to the realisation of inclusive settlements and spatial justice. It has been concluded that Botswana’s settlement planning legislation is elitist and exclusionary in nature and thus plays an important role in the creation of informal housing. Planning control measures, such as standards, procedures, and regulations, have been identified as contributing factors that hinder the urban poor from affording decent housing or meeting planning requirements. 30 00 This research reflects on the contribution of urban planning legislative and regulatory frameworks to the emergence and growth of informal backyard rental housing in Mogoditshane, Botswana. The existence of supportive planning legislation is central to the realisation of inclusive settlements and spatial justice. It has been concluded that Botswana’s settlement planning legislation is elitist and exclusionary in nature and thus plays an important role in the creation of informal housing. Planning control measures, such as standards, procedures, and regulations, have been identified as contributing factors that hinder the urban poor from affording decent housing or meeting planning requirements. 20 00 Open Access Onkemetse Nage, Jennilee Kohima, Eric Yankson 9 03 06 10.64449/9780639890180-09 207 231 25 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Chapter 01 01 State Demolition and Forced Eviction as Flood Vulnerability Management in Accra, Ghana 20 00 Open Access 10 03 06 10.64449/9780639890180-10 233 245 13 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Chapter 01 01 Institutional Downward Raiding in Housing Challenges for State-Subsidised Housing for Low-Income Groups in Developing Countries, The Case Study of Linakotseng, Maseru, Lesotho 02 00 Little has been said about downward raiding in housing in the planning literature. Various governments in developing countries have established subsidised housing projects with the hope of providing housing opportunities to low-income groups. These government institutions offer housing subsidies and serviced sites to 03 00 Little has been said about downward raiding in housing in the planning literature. Various governments in developing countries have established subsidised housing projects with the hope of providing housing opportunities to low-income groups. These government institutions offer housing subsidies and serviced sites to improve access to adequate housing for low-income groups. However, low-income areas are often raided by middle-income earners, which makes it difficult for low-income households to access housing that was originally intended for them. State institutions frequently appear ineffective as they fail to address this problem, which results in low-income households struggling to participate in the formal housing market. This paper therefore examines the role of state housing institutions in the perpetuation of downward raiding in housing, focusing on the Linakotseng housing project in Maseru, Lesotho. The methodology employed included a case study research design, key informant interviews, and a review of strategic documents. The study found that the government-led low-income housing project in Linakotseng was raided by middle-income earners, which rendered the houses unaffordable for low-income groups. It was identified that the community was not involved in the planning of this settlement, and market research was not conducted properly. The study recommends the adoption of a methodology in housing projects that encourages community participation and thorough market research, and that authorities must understand local realities. 30 00 Little has been said about downward raiding in housing in the planning literature. Various governments in developing countries have established subsidised housing projects with the hope of providing housing opportunities to low-income groups. These government institutions offer housing subsidies and serviced sites to improve access to adequate housing for low-income groups. However, low-income areas are often raided by middle-income earners, which makes it difficult for low-income households to access housing that was originally intended for them. State institutions frequently appear ineffective as they fail to address this problem, which results in low-income households struggling to participate in the formal housing market. This paper therefore examines the role of state housing institutions in the perpetuation of downward raiding in housing, focusing on the Linakotseng housing project in Maseru, Lesotho. The methodology employed included a case study research design, key informant interviews, and a review of strategic documents. The study found that the government-led low-income housing project in Linakotseng was raided by middle-income earners, which rendered the houses unaffordable for low-income groups. It was identified that the community was not involved in the planning of this settlement, and market research was not conducted properly. The study recommends the adoption of a methodology in housing projects that encourages community participation and thorough market research, and that authorities must understand local realities. 20 00 Open Access Ramapulane Mphanya, Trynos Gumbo, George O Onatu 11 03 06 10.64449/9780639890180-11 247 262 16 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Chapter 01 01 Exploring the Relationship Between Urban Renewal and Sustainable Development in the City of Mbombela 02 00 Sustainable urban renewal is characterised by the actions, policies, and methods used to revitalise a city and address integrated technical, spatial, and socio-economic issues while minimising adverse environmental effects. 03 00 Sustainable urban renewal is characterised by the actions, policies, and methods used to revitalise a city and address integrated technical, spatial, and socio-economic issues while minimising adverse environmental effects. This study’s goal was to strengthen the relationship between urban renewal and sustainable development in the Barberton region (City of Mbombela) in order to preserve and improve infrastructure, promote ripple pond investment, support economic sectors, and enhance locals’ ability to live sustainably. Barberton was established as a node to support gold mining in 1886 and is now recognised as one of the urbanised neighbourhoods in the City of Mbombela. However, the region’s economy is declining because most of the mines have reached the end of their lifespan. As a result, many people are relocating to other regions, leaving vulnerable individuals behind and leading to an increase in crime (gender-based violence, property hijacking, housebreaking, etc.). 30 00 Sustainable urban renewal is characterised by the actions, policies, and methods used to revitalise a city and address integrated technical, spatial, and socio-economic issues while minimising adverse environmental effects. This study’s goal was to strengthen the relationship between urban renewal and sustainable development in the Barberton region (City of Mbombela) in order to preserve and improve infrastructure, promote ripple pond investment, support economic sectors, and enhance locals’ ability to live sustainably. Barberton was established as a node to support gold mining in 1886 and is now recognised as one of the urbanised neighbourhoods in the City of Mbombela. However, the region’s economy is declining because most of the mines have reached the end of their lifespan. As a result, many people are relocating to other regions, leaving vulnerable individuals behind and leading to an increase in crime (gender-based violence, property hijacking, housebreaking, etc.). 20 00 Open Access Frans Boy Mongalo , Ockert Pretorius 12 03 06 10.64449/9780639890180-12 263 297 35 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Chapter 01 01 Competitive Cities An Exploration of Location and Human Capital in South African Cities 20 00 Open Access 13 03 06 10.64449/9780639890180-13 299 323 25 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Chapter 01 01 Impacts of Poor Basic Service Delivery on the Development of Sustainable Human Settlements and Improved Livelihoods Case of Stjwetla, Alexandra 02 00 The Constitution of the Republic of South Africa acknowledges the importance of basic service delivery in the development and improvement of lives, thus making it the government’s mandate. 03 00 The Constitution of the Republic of South Africa acknowledges the importance of basic service delivery in the development and improvement of lives, thus making it the government’s mandate. With access to basic services being a legitimate expectation of citizens, the government is responsible for ensuring that it provides continuous service delivery and maintenance to its people. Service delivery enables individuals to meet their own needs by providing the security necessary for a household to function fully, and it is a prerequisite for poverty reduction. Despite the well-known benefits of providing basic services, delivery challenges persist, particularly in informal settlements. Informal settlements fall outside the regulated, legal, planned channels of city development; they therefore receive little government attention. The lack of government support for informal settlements is a barrier to improving basic services and infrastructure. 30 00 The Constitution of the Republic of South Africa acknowledges the importance of basic service delivery in the development and improvement of lives, thus making it the government’s mandate. With access to basic services being a legitimate expectation of citizens, the government is responsible for ensuring that it provides continuous service delivery and maintenance to its people. Service delivery enables individuals to meet their own needs by providing the security necessary for a household to function fully, and it is a prerequisite for poverty reduction. Despite the well-known benefits of providing basic services, delivery challenges persist, particularly in informal settlements. Informal settlements fall outside the regulated, legal, planned channels of city development; they therefore receive little government attention. The lack of government support for informal settlements is a barrier to improving basic services and infrastructure. 20 00 Open Access Sfiso Mngomezulu, George O Onatu UJ Press 01 URL https://ujpress.uj.ac.za 01 UJ Press 01 Publisher's website: home page https://ujpress.uj.ac.za/ 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/196 Johannesburg 04 01 20251021 George O Onatu; Trynos Gumbo 02 WORLD 06 15 9780639890173 06 15 9780639890180 WORLD 09 UJ Press 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this product https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/196 29 Publisher's website: download the title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/view/196/1329/6045 20 08 20251021 01 urn:uuid:a8022840-c883-462e-a4db-f51d53eef7d1 03 01 01 thoth-work-id urn:uuid:0920b575-339b-4baa-ae2e-ed551bbf4efe 01 thoth-publication-id urn:uuid:a8022840-c883-462e-a4db-f51d53eef7d1 15 9781776460526 06 10.36615/9781776460533 00 BC 10 01 244 mm 01 24.4 cm 01 9.61 in 02 170 mm 02 17 cm 02 6.69 in 03 11 mm 03 1.1 cm 03 0.43 in Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 01 01 Academic Libraries in Africa 2 B01 21 0000-0001-5608-5718 Maria Frahm-Arp Maria Frahm-Arp 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg Executive Director: Library and Information Centre 3 A01 21 0000-0002-0624-8678 Sifundo Nkomo Sifundo Nkomo 40 048cwvf49 University of South Africa Post-Doctoral Fellowship: Digital Transformation and Innovation&nbsp;School of Business Leadership 4 A01 21 0000-0002-6241-161X Mpho Ngoepe Mpho Ngoepe 40 048cwvf49 University of South Africa Director School of Information Science,&nbsp;Department of Information Science 5 A01 21 0000-0001-7597-0800 Stellla A. Onwukanjo Stellla A. Onwukanjo Department of Library and Information Technology 6 A01 21 0000-0002-6442-2056 Kardo Joseph Mwilongo Kardo Joseph Mwilongo Librarian 7 A01 21 0000-0001-6910-6901 Betty Kachota Betty Kachota 40 02qrvdj69 Mzumbe University Assistant Librarian 9 A01 Thilini P. Rupasinghe Thilini P. Rupasinghe 40 02r91my29 University of Kelaniya Faculty of Computing and Technology 10 A01 21 0000-0001-8333-6076 Ruth Nsibirano Ruth Nsibirano 40 03dmz0111 Makerere University 11 A01 Kisa Agatha Nsibirano Kisa Agatha Nsibirano 12 A01 21 0000-0002-6603-4911 Ahmed Adamu Abu Ahmed Adamu Abu 40 015h5sy57 Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology 13 A01 21 0000-0003-1866-2734 Abdullahi Yahaya Isah Abdullahi Yahaya Isah 40 0568y3j03 Federal University of Technology Minna 14 A01 21 0000-0003-1276-9899 Stephen Adekunle AJAYI Stephen Adekunle AJAYI 40 02v07kh10 Federal Polytechnic Ede Department of Library and Information Science&nbsp; 15 A01 21 0000-0002-4455-3155 Sarah A. Gbenu Sarah A. Gbenu 40 01za8fg18 Lagos State University 16 A01 Pauline Ruguru Njagi Pauline Ruguru Njagi 17 A01 21 0000-0002-8895-4444 Adebola O. Adegoroye Adebola O. Adegoroye 40 01za8fg18 Lagos State University 23 A01 21 0000-0003-2885-2515 Stephen Tsekea Stephen Tsekea 40 042zvmz29 Bindura University of Science Education Sub-Librarian Reader Services 24 A01 21 0000-0003-0964-3582 Josiline Chigwada Josiline Chigwada 40 005f4y685 Chinhoyi University of Technology 25 A01 21 0000-0002-1587-2747 Paul Ingiona Adie Paul Ingiona Adie 40 05qderh61 University of Calabar Educational Technology UnitDepartment of Curriculum and TeachingFaculty of Educational Foundation Studies 26 A01 21 0000-0002-2878-7007 Anthony Etta Bisong Anthony Etta Bisong 40 05qderh61 University of Calabar 27 A01 Otu Michael Obuop Otu Michael Obuop 40 0127mpp72 University of Uyo 28 A01 21 0000-0002-1703-8203 Dominic Dankwah Agyei Dominic Dankwah Agyei 40 015qmyq14 Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences 29 A01 21 0000-0003-3848-5317 Theresa L. Adu Theresa L. Adu 40 015qmyq14 Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences 30 A01 21 0000-0002-1265-7056 Londolani B. Munzhedzi Londolani B. Munzhedzi 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 31 A01 21 0000-0001-8057-0174 Mukovhe Mukhwantheli Mukovhe Mukhwantheli 40 048cwvf49 University of South Africa 32 A01 21 0000-0002-9277-6783 Bukola Amao-Taiwo Bukola Amao-Taiwo Department of Educational Management 33 A01 21 0000-0002-9876-3553 Idahosa Eki Idahosa Eki 34 A01 Geraldine Njideka Ekpe-Iko Geraldine Njideka Ekpe-Iko 40 05rk03822 University of Lagos 01 eng 00 200 03 20 4IR 20 academic libraries 20 Covid-19 20 digital transformation 10 EDU051000 20 fourth industrial revolution 93 GLM 20 higher education 20 internet of things 20 leadership 20 librarian 20 library practices 20 online learning 20 pandemic leadership 20 research 20 SDGs 20 smart academic libraries 20 sustainable development goals 20 teaching and learning 20 virtual information services 01 06 02 00 This book offers an interesting overview of academic libraries and the communities they serve in Africa. 03 00 This book offers an interesting overview of academic libraries and the communities they serve in Africa.  The book explores the work of academic libraries from a number of different countries primarily in Sub-Saharan Africa.  One of the valuable contributions that the book makes is to highlight the numerous innovative ways in which librarians at African universities have been using their often limited resources to ensure students and academics get continual access to worldclass information.  The book explores various examples of best practice in challenging circumstances such as unstable electricity and the COVID pandemic.  With its mix of practical solutions to, and critical thinking about, the complex issues facing libraries in the Global South, this book is a must read for librarians who are embracing the Fourth Industrial Revolution, and activity working towards achieving the United Nations Sustainable Goals in their countries. 30 00 This book offers an interesting overview of academic libraries and the communities they serve in Africa.  The book explores the work of academic libraries from a number of different countries primarily in Sub-Saharan Africa.  One of the valuable contributions that the book makes is to highlight the numerous innovative ways in which librarians at African universities have been using their often limited resources to ensure students and academics get continual access to worldclass information.  The book explores various examples of best practice in challenging circumstances such as unstable electricity and the COVID pandemic.  With its mix of practical solutions to, and critical thinking about, the complex issues facing libraries in the Global South, this book is a must read for librarians who are embracing the Fourth Industrial Revolution, and activity working towards achieving the United Nations Sustainable Goals in their countries. 04 00 Introduction The Impact and Importance of the Fourth Industrial Revolution and Sustainable Development for Academic Libraries in Africa Maria Frahm-Arp DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9781776460533-000 A Framework for Embracing Web 2.0 Technologies to Nurture the Reading Habits of Secondary School Learners in Zimbabwe Sifundo Nkomo, Mpho Ngoepe DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9781776460533-001 The Roles of Libraries in the World of Open Access The Research Activities of Post‑graduate Students in Four Universities in North-Central Nigeria Stellla A. Onwukanjo DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9781776460533-002 The Role of Tanzania Academic Libraries in Promoting Scholarly Communication through Open Access A Literature Review Kardo Joseph Mwilongo, Betty Kachota DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9781776460533-003 Enhancing Student-Instructor Interaction in Asynchronous Teaching through Virtual Office Hours Sessions A Case Study from Sri Lanka Thilini P. Rupasinghe DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9781776460533-004 Information Needs for Kampala Urban Vegetable Farmers A Unique Information Gap for University Libraries to Embrace Ruth Nsibirano, Kisa Agatha Nsibirano DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9781776460533-005 Revitalisation of Public Libraries in the Attainment of Sustainable Development Goals in Nigeria Ahmed Adamu Abu, Abdullahi Yahaya Isah, Stephen Adekunle AJAYI DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9781776460533-006 Bridging the Universal Literacy Gap The Role of Libraries in Providing Information Access Towards the Achievement of Sustainable Development Goal 4 (SDG 4) Sarah A. Gbenu, Pauline Ruguru Njagi, Adebola O. Adegoroye DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9781776460533-007 Leveraging Content Strategy for Library Digital Media Platforms amongst Selected University Libraries in Zimbabwe Stephen Tsekea, Josiline Chigwada DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9781776460533-008 Offline Internet for Remote Learning in Low Resource Environments Paul Ingiona Adie, Anthony Etta Bisong , Otu Michael Obuop DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9781776460533-009 Embracing Emerging Technologies in The New Normal Libraries Staying Connected with Patrons During the Pandemic Dominic Dankwah Agyei, Theresa L. Adu DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9781776460533-010 The Nexus Between Academic Libraries and Students’ Academic Achievement Londolani B. Munzhedzi, Mukovhe Mukhwantheli DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9781776460533-011 Information Communication Technology Skills and Students’ Engagement in Online Learning Spaces during the Covid-19 Pandemic Bukola Amao-Taiwo, Idahosa Eki , Geraldine Njideka Ekpe-Iko DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9781776460533-012 20 00 Open Access 01 00 03 02 https://books.ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/10.36615/9781776460533_frontcover.jpg UJ Press 01 URL https://ujpress.uj.ac.za 01 UJ Press 01 Publisher's website: home page https://ujpress.uj.ac.za/ 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/110 Johannesburg 04 01 20231231 Maria Frahm-Arp 02 WORLD 06 15 9781776460533 06 15 9781776460557 06 15 9781776460540 WORLD 09 UJ Press 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this product https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/110 29 Publisher's website: download the title https://www.takealot.com/academic-libraries-in-africa/PLID95756754 20 08 20231231 02 275.00 ZAR WORLD urn:uuid:608eb3aa-ef69-400b-89f8-1cac5ced400e 03 01 01 thoth-work-id urn:uuid:0920b575-339b-4baa-ae2e-ed551bbf4efe 01 thoth-publication-id urn:uuid:608eb3aa-ef69-400b-89f8-1cac5ced400e 15 9781776460533 06 10.36615/9781776460533 00 EB E107 10 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 01 01 Academic Libraries in Africa 2 B01 21 0000-0001-5608-5718 Maria Frahm-Arp Maria Frahm-Arp 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg Executive Director: Library and Information Centre 3 A01 21 0000-0002-0624-8678 Sifundo Nkomo Sifundo Nkomo 40 048cwvf49 University of South Africa Post-Doctoral Fellowship: Digital Transformation and Innovation&nbsp;School of Business Leadership 4 A01 21 0000-0002-6241-161X Mpho Ngoepe Mpho Ngoepe 40 048cwvf49 University of South Africa Director School of Information Science,&nbsp;Department of Information Science 5 A01 21 0000-0001-7597-0800 Stellla A. Onwukanjo Stellla A. Onwukanjo Department of Library and Information Technology 6 A01 21 0000-0002-6442-2056 Kardo Joseph Mwilongo Kardo Joseph Mwilongo Librarian 7 A01 21 0000-0001-6910-6901 Betty Kachota Betty Kachota 40 02qrvdj69 Mzumbe University Assistant Librarian 9 A01 Thilini P. Rupasinghe Thilini P. Rupasinghe 40 02r91my29 University of Kelaniya Faculty of Computing and Technology 10 A01 21 0000-0001-8333-6076 Ruth Nsibirano Ruth Nsibirano 40 03dmz0111 Makerere University 11 A01 Kisa Agatha Nsibirano Kisa Agatha Nsibirano 12 A01 21 0000-0002-6603-4911 Ahmed Adamu Abu Ahmed Adamu Abu 40 015h5sy57 Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology 13 A01 21 0000-0003-1866-2734 Abdullahi Yahaya Isah Abdullahi Yahaya Isah 40 0568y3j03 Federal University of Technology Minna 14 A01 21 0000-0003-1276-9899 Stephen Adekunle AJAYI Stephen Adekunle AJAYI 40 02v07kh10 Federal Polytechnic Ede Department of Library and Information Science&nbsp; 15 A01 21 0000-0002-4455-3155 Sarah A. Gbenu Sarah A. Gbenu 40 01za8fg18 Lagos State University 16 A01 Pauline Ruguru Njagi Pauline Ruguru Njagi 17 A01 21 0000-0002-8895-4444 Adebola O. Adegoroye Adebola O. Adegoroye 40 01za8fg18 Lagos State University 23 A01 21 0000-0003-2885-2515 Stephen Tsekea Stephen Tsekea 40 042zvmz29 Bindura University of Science Education Sub-Librarian Reader Services 24 A01 21 0000-0003-0964-3582 Josiline Chigwada Josiline Chigwada 40 005f4y685 Chinhoyi University of Technology 25 A01 21 0000-0002-1587-2747 Paul Ingiona Adie Paul Ingiona Adie 40 05qderh61 University of Calabar Educational Technology UnitDepartment of Curriculum and TeachingFaculty of Educational Foundation Studies 26 A01 21 0000-0002-2878-7007 Anthony Etta Bisong Anthony Etta Bisong 40 05qderh61 University of Calabar 27 A01 Otu Michael Obuop Otu Michael Obuop 40 0127mpp72 University of Uyo 28 A01 21 0000-0002-1703-8203 Dominic Dankwah Agyei Dominic Dankwah Agyei 40 015qmyq14 Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences 29 A01 21 0000-0003-3848-5317 Theresa L. Adu Theresa L. Adu 40 015qmyq14 Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences 30 A01 21 0000-0002-1265-7056 Londolani B. Munzhedzi Londolani B. Munzhedzi 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 31 A01 21 0000-0001-8057-0174 Mukovhe Mukhwantheli Mukovhe Mukhwantheli 40 048cwvf49 University of South Africa 32 A01 21 0000-0002-9277-6783 Bukola Amao-Taiwo Bukola Amao-Taiwo Department of Educational Management 33 A01 21 0000-0002-9876-3553 Idahosa Eki Idahosa Eki 34 A01 Geraldine Njideka Ekpe-Iko Geraldine Njideka Ekpe-Iko 40 05rk03822 University of Lagos 01 eng 00 200 03 20 4IR 20 academic libraries 20 Covid-19 20 digital transformation 10 EDU051000 20 fourth industrial revolution 93 GLM 20 higher education 20 internet of things 20 leadership 20 librarian 20 library practices 20 online learning 20 pandemic leadership 20 research 20 SDGs 20 smart academic libraries 20 sustainable development goals 20 teaching and learning 20 virtual information services 01 06 02 00 This book offers an interesting overview of academic libraries and the communities they serve in Africa. 03 00 This book offers an interesting overview of academic libraries and the communities they serve in Africa.  The book explores the work of academic libraries from a number of different countries primarily in Sub-Saharan Africa.  One of the valuable contributions that the book makes is to highlight the numerous innovative ways in which librarians at African universities have been using their often limited resources to ensure students and academics get continual access to worldclass information.  The book explores various examples of best practice in challenging circumstances such as unstable electricity and the COVID pandemic.  With its mix of practical solutions to, and critical thinking about, the complex issues facing libraries in the Global South, this book is a must read for librarians who are embracing the Fourth Industrial Revolution, and activity working towards achieving the United Nations Sustainable Goals in their countries. 30 00 This book offers an interesting overview of academic libraries and the communities they serve in Africa.  The book explores the work of academic libraries from a number of different countries primarily in Sub-Saharan Africa.  One of the valuable contributions that the book makes is to highlight the numerous innovative ways in which librarians at African universities have been using their often limited resources to ensure students and academics get continual access to worldclass information.  The book explores various examples of best practice in challenging circumstances such as unstable electricity and the COVID pandemic.  With its mix of practical solutions to, and critical thinking about, the complex issues facing libraries in the Global South, this book is a must read for librarians who are embracing the Fourth Industrial Revolution, and activity working towards achieving the United Nations Sustainable Goals in their countries. 04 00 Introduction The Impact and Importance of the Fourth Industrial Revolution and Sustainable Development for Academic Libraries in Africa Maria Frahm-Arp DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9781776460533-000 A Framework for Embracing Web 2.0 Technologies to Nurture the Reading Habits of Secondary School Learners in Zimbabwe Sifundo Nkomo, Mpho Ngoepe DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9781776460533-001 The Roles of Libraries in the World of Open Access The Research Activities of Post‑graduate Students in Four Universities in North-Central Nigeria Stellla A. Onwukanjo DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9781776460533-002 The Role of Tanzania Academic Libraries in Promoting Scholarly Communication through Open Access A Literature Review Kardo Joseph Mwilongo, Betty Kachota DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9781776460533-003 Enhancing Student-Instructor Interaction in Asynchronous Teaching through Virtual Office Hours Sessions A Case Study from Sri Lanka Thilini P. Rupasinghe DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9781776460533-004 Information Needs for Kampala Urban Vegetable Farmers A Unique Information Gap for University Libraries to Embrace Ruth Nsibirano, Kisa Agatha Nsibirano DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9781776460533-005 Revitalisation of Public Libraries in the Attainment of Sustainable Development Goals in Nigeria Ahmed Adamu Abu, Abdullahi Yahaya Isah, Stephen Adekunle AJAYI DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9781776460533-006 Bridging the Universal Literacy Gap The Role of Libraries in Providing Information Access Towards the Achievement of Sustainable Development Goal 4 (SDG 4) Sarah A. Gbenu, Pauline Ruguru Njagi, Adebola O. Adegoroye DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9781776460533-007 Leveraging Content Strategy for Library Digital Media Platforms amongst Selected University Libraries in Zimbabwe Stephen Tsekea, Josiline Chigwada DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9781776460533-008 Offline Internet for Remote Learning in Low Resource Environments Paul Ingiona Adie, Anthony Etta Bisong , Otu Michael Obuop DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9781776460533-009 Embracing Emerging Technologies in The New Normal Libraries Staying Connected with Patrons During the Pandemic Dominic Dankwah Agyei, Theresa L. Adu DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9781776460533-010 The Nexus Between Academic Libraries and Students’ Academic Achievement Londolani B. Munzhedzi, Mukovhe Mukhwantheli DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9781776460533-011 Information Communication Technology Skills and Students’ Engagement in Online Learning Spaces during the Covid-19 Pandemic Bukola Amao-Taiwo, Idahosa Eki , Geraldine Njideka Ekpe-Iko DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9781776460533-012 20 00 Open Access 01 00 03 02 https://books.ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/10.36615/9781776460533_frontcover.jpg UJ Press 01 URL https://ujpress.uj.ac.za 01 UJ Press 01 Publisher's website: home page https://ujpress.uj.ac.za/ 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/110 Johannesburg 04 01 20231231 Maria Frahm-Arp 02 WORLD 06 15 9781776460526 06 15 9781776460557 06 15 9781776460540 WORLD 11 OAPEN 36 OAPEN: webpage for this product https://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/90582 29 OAPEN: download the title https://library.oapen.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.12657/90582/Academic+Libraries+in+Africa.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y 20 08 20231231 01 11 DOAB 36 DOAB: webpage for this product https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/138408 20 08 20231231 01 09 UJ Press 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this product https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/110 29 Publisher's website: download the title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/view/110/707/2521 20 08 20231231 01 11 THOTH 36 THOTH: webpage for this product https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/110 29 THOTH: download the title https://books.ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/10.36615/9781776460533.pdf 20 08 20231231 01 urn:uuid:11e99c50-62f4-4695-9596-e87ccb1b971c 03 01 01 thoth-work-id urn:uuid:0920b575-339b-4baa-ae2e-ed551bbf4efe 01 thoth-publication-id urn:uuid:11e99c50-62f4-4695-9596-e87ccb1b971c 15 9781776460557 06 10.36615/9781776460533 00 EB E113 10 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 01 01 Academic Libraries in Africa 2 B01 21 0000-0001-5608-5718 Maria Frahm-Arp Maria Frahm-Arp 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg Executive Director: Library and Information Centre 3 A01 21 0000-0002-0624-8678 Sifundo Nkomo Sifundo Nkomo 40 048cwvf49 University of South Africa Post-Doctoral Fellowship: Digital Transformation and Innovation&nbsp;School of Business Leadership 4 A01 21 0000-0002-6241-161X Mpho Ngoepe Mpho Ngoepe 40 048cwvf49 University of South Africa Director School of Information Science,&nbsp;Department of Information Science 5 A01 21 0000-0001-7597-0800 Stellla A. Onwukanjo Stellla A. Onwukanjo Department of Library and Information Technology 6 A01 21 0000-0002-6442-2056 Kardo Joseph Mwilongo Kardo Joseph Mwilongo Librarian 7 A01 21 0000-0001-6910-6901 Betty Kachota Betty Kachota 40 02qrvdj69 Mzumbe University Assistant Librarian 9 A01 Thilini P. Rupasinghe Thilini P. Rupasinghe 40 02r91my29 University of Kelaniya Faculty of Computing and Technology 10 A01 21 0000-0001-8333-6076 Ruth Nsibirano Ruth Nsibirano 40 03dmz0111 Makerere University 11 A01 Kisa Agatha Nsibirano Kisa Agatha Nsibirano 12 A01 21 0000-0002-6603-4911 Ahmed Adamu Abu Ahmed Adamu Abu 40 015h5sy57 Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology 13 A01 21 0000-0003-1866-2734 Abdullahi Yahaya Isah Abdullahi Yahaya Isah 40 0568y3j03 Federal University of Technology Minna 14 A01 21 0000-0003-1276-9899 Stephen Adekunle AJAYI Stephen Adekunle AJAYI 40 02v07kh10 Federal Polytechnic Ede Department of Library and Information Science&nbsp; 15 A01 21 0000-0002-4455-3155 Sarah A. Gbenu Sarah A. Gbenu 40 01za8fg18 Lagos State University 16 A01 Pauline Ruguru Njagi Pauline Ruguru Njagi 17 A01 21 0000-0002-8895-4444 Adebola O. Adegoroye Adebola O. Adegoroye 40 01za8fg18 Lagos State University 23 A01 21 0000-0003-2885-2515 Stephen Tsekea Stephen Tsekea 40 042zvmz29 Bindura University of Science Education Sub-Librarian Reader Services 24 A01 21 0000-0003-0964-3582 Josiline Chigwada Josiline Chigwada 40 005f4y685 Chinhoyi University of Technology 25 A01 21 0000-0002-1587-2747 Paul Ingiona Adie Paul Ingiona Adie 40 05qderh61 University of Calabar Educational Technology UnitDepartment of Curriculum and TeachingFaculty of Educational Foundation Studies 26 A01 21 0000-0002-2878-7007 Anthony Etta Bisong Anthony Etta Bisong 40 05qderh61 University of Calabar 27 A01 Otu Michael Obuop Otu Michael Obuop 40 0127mpp72 University of Uyo 28 A01 21 0000-0002-1703-8203 Dominic Dankwah Agyei Dominic Dankwah Agyei 40 015qmyq14 Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences 29 A01 21 0000-0003-3848-5317 Theresa L. Adu Theresa L. Adu 40 015qmyq14 Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences 30 A01 21 0000-0002-1265-7056 Londolani B. Munzhedzi Londolani B. Munzhedzi 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 31 A01 21 0000-0001-8057-0174 Mukovhe Mukhwantheli Mukovhe Mukhwantheli 40 048cwvf49 University of South Africa 32 A01 21 0000-0002-9277-6783 Bukola Amao-Taiwo Bukola Amao-Taiwo Department of Educational Management 33 A01 21 0000-0002-9876-3553 Idahosa Eki Idahosa Eki 34 A01 Geraldine Njideka Ekpe-Iko Geraldine Njideka Ekpe-Iko 40 05rk03822 University of Lagos 01 eng 00 200 03 20 4IR 20 academic libraries 20 Covid-19 20 digital transformation 10 EDU051000 20 fourth industrial revolution 93 GLM 20 higher education 20 internet of things 20 leadership 20 librarian 20 library practices 20 online learning 20 pandemic leadership 20 research 20 SDGs 20 smart academic libraries 20 sustainable development goals 20 teaching and learning 20 virtual information services 01 06 02 00 This book offers an interesting overview of academic libraries and the communities they serve in Africa. 03 00 This book offers an interesting overview of academic libraries and the communities they serve in Africa.  The book explores the work of academic libraries from a number of different countries primarily in Sub-Saharan Africa.  One of the valuable contributions that the book makes is to highlight the numerous innovative ways in which librarians at African universities have been using their often limited resources to ensure students and academics get continual access to worldclass information.  The book explores various examples of best practice in challenging circumstances such as unstable electricity and the COVID pandemic.  With its mix of practical solutions to, and critical thinking about, the complex issues facing libraries in the Global South, this book is a must read for librarians who are embracing the Fourth Industrial Revolution, and activity working towards achieving the United Nations Sustainable Goals in their countries. 30 00 This book offers an interesting overview of academic libraries and the communities they serve in Africa.  The book explores the work of academic libraries from a number of different countries primarily in Sub-Saharan Africa.  One of the valuable contributions that the book makes is to highlight the numerous innovative ways in which librarians at African universities have been using their often limited resources to ensure students and academics get continual access to worldclass information.  The book explores various examples of best practice in challenging circumstances such as unstable electricity and the COVID pandemic.  With its mix of practical solutions to, and critical thinking about, the complex issues facing libraries in the Global South, this book is a must read for librarians who are embracing the Fourth Industrial Revolution, and activity working towards achieving the United Nations Sustainable Goals in their countries. 04 00 Introduction The Impact and Importance of the Fourth Industrial Revolution and Sustainable Development for Academic Libraries in Africa Maria Frahm-Arp DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9781776460533-000 A Framework for Embracing Web 2.0 Technologies to Nurture the Reading Habits of Secondary School Learners in Zimbabwe Sifundo Nkomo, Mpho Ngoepe DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9781776460533-001 The Roles of Libraries in the World of Open Access The Research Activities of Post‑graduate Students in Four Universities in North-Central Nigeria Stellla A. Onwukanjo DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9781776460533-002 The Role of Tanzania Academic Libraries in Promoting Scholarly Communication through Open Access A Literature Review Kardo Joseph Mwilongo, Betty Kachota DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9781776460533-003 Enhancing Student-Instructor Interaction in Asynchronous Teaching through Virtual Office Hours Sessions A Case Study from Sri Lanka Thilini P. Rupasinghe DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9781776460533-004 Information Needs for Kampala Urban Vegetable Farmers A Unique Information Gap for University Libraries to Embrace Ruth Nsibirano, Kisa Agatha Nsibirano DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9781776460533-005 Revitalisation of Public Libraries in the Attainment of Sustainable Development Goals in Nigeria Ahmed Adamu Abu, Abdullahi Yahaya Isah, Stephen Adekunle AJAYI DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9781776460533-006 Bridging the Universal Literacy Gap The Role of Libraries in Providing Information Access Towards the Achievement of Sustainable Development Goal 4 (SDG 4) Sarah A. Gbenu, Pauline Ruguru Njagi, Adebola O. Adegoroye DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9781776460533-007 Leveraging Content Strategy for Library Digital Media Platforms amongst Selected University Libraries in Zimbabwe Stephen Tsekea, Josiline Chigwada DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9781776460533-008 Offline Internet for Remote Learning in Low Resource Environments Paul Ingiona Adie, Anthony Etta Bisong , Otu Michael Obuop DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9781776460533-009 Embracing Emerging Technologies in The New Normal Libraries Staying Connected with Patrons During the Pandemic Dominic Dankwah Agyei, Theresa L. Adu DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9781776460533-010 The Nexus Between Academic Libraries and Students’ Academic Achievement Londolani B. Munzhedzi, Mukovhe Mukhwantheli DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9781776460533-011 Information Communication Technology Skills and Students’ Engagement in Online Learning Spaces during the Covid-19 Pandemic Bukola Amao-Taiwo, Idahosa Eki , Geraldine Njideka Ekpe-Iko DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9781776460533-012 20 00 Open Access 01 00 03 02 https://books.ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/10.36615/9781776460533_frontcover.jpg UJ Press 01 URL https://ujpress.uj.ac.za 01 UJ Press 01 Publisher's website: home page https://ujpress.uj.ac.za/ 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/110 Johannesburg 04 01 20231231 Maria Frahm-Arp 02 WORLD 06 15 9781776460526 06 15 9781776460533 06 15 9781776460540 WORLD 09 UJ Press 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this product https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/110 29 Publisher's website: download the title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/view/110/709/2523 20 08 20231231 01 urn:uuid:249d5c81-a56c-4a22-a105-fe112fc551bb 03 01 01 thoth-work-id urn:uuid:0920b575-339b-4baa-ae2e-ed551bbf4efe 01 thoth-publication-id urn:uuid:249d5c81-a56c-4a22-a105-fe112fc551bb 15 9781776460540 06 10.36615/9781776460533 00 EB E101 10 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 01 01 Academic Libraries in Africa 2 B01 21 0000-0001-5608-5718 Maria Frahm-Arp Maria Frahm-Arp 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg Executive Director: Library and Information Centre 3 A01 21 0000-0002-0624-8678 Sifundo Nkomo Sifundo Nkomo 40 048cwvf49 University of South Africa Post-Doctoral Fellowship: Digital Transformation and Innovation&nbsp;School of Business Leadership 4 A01 21 0000-0002-6241-161X Mpho Ngoepe Mpho Ngoepe 40 048cwvf49 University of South Africa Director School of Information Science,&nbsp;Department of Information Science 5 A01 21 0000-0001-7597-0800 Stellla A. Onwukanjo Stellla A. Onwukanjo Department of Library and Information Technology 6 A01 21 0000-0002-6442-2056 Kardo Joseph Mwilongo Kardo Joseph Mwilongo Librarian 7 A01 21 0000-0001-6910-6901 Betty Kachota Betty Kachota 40 02qrvdj69 Mzumbe University Assistant Librarian 9 A01 Thilini P. Rupasinghe Thilini P. Rupasinghe 40 02r91my29 University of Kelaniya Faculty of Computing and Technology 10 A01 21 0000-0001-8333-6076 Ruth Nsibirano Ruth Nsibirano 40 03dmz0111 Makerere University 11 A01 Kisa Agatha Nsibirano Kisa Agatha Nsibirano 12 A01 21 0000-0002-6603-4911 Ahmed Adamu Abu Ahmed Adamu Abu 40 015h5sy57 Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology 13 A01 21 0000-0003-1866-2734 Abdullahi Yahaya Isah Abdullahi Yahaya Isah 40 0568y3j03 Federal University of Technology Minna 14 A01 21 0000-0003-1276-9899 Stephen Adekunle AJAYI Stephen Adekunle AJAYI 40 02v07kh10 Federal Polytechnic Ede Department of Library and Information Science&nbsp; 15 A01 21 0000-0002-4455-3155 Sarah A. Gbenu Sarah A. Gbenu 40 01za8fg18 Lagos State University 16 A01 Pauline Ruguru Njagi Pauline Ruguru Njagi 17 A01 21 0000-0002-8895-4444 Adebola O. Adegoroye Adebola O. Adegoroye 40 01za8fg18 Lagos State University 23 A01 21 0000-0003-2885-2515 Stephen Tsekea Stephen Tsekea 40 042zvmz29 Bindura University of Science Education Sub-Librarian Reader Services 24 A01 21 0000-0003-0964-3582 Josiline Chigwada Josiline Chigwada 40 005f4y685 Chinhoyi University of Technology 25 A01 21 0000-0002-1587-2747 Paul Ingiona Adie Paul Ingiona Adie 40 05qderh61 University of Calabar Educational Technology UnitDepartment of Curriculum and TeachingFaculty of Educational Foundation Studies 26 A01 21 0000-0002-2878-7007 Anthony Etta Bisong Anthony Etta Bisong 40 05qderh61 University of Calabar 27 A01 Otu Michael Obuop Otu Michael Obuop 40 0127mpp72 University of Uyo 28 A01 21 0000-0002-1703-8203 Dominic Dankwah Agyei Dominic Dankwah Agyei 40 015qmyq14 Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences 29 A01 21 0000-0003-3848-5317 Theresa L. Adu Theresa L. Adu 40 015qmyq14 Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences 30 A01 21 0000-0002-1265-7056 Londolani B. Munzhedzi Londolani B. Munzhedzi 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 31 A01 21 0000-0001-8057-0174 Mukovhe Mukhwantheli Mukovhe Mukhwantheli 40 048cwvf49 University of South Africa 32 A01 21 0000-0002-9277-6783 Bukola Amao-Taiwo Bukola Amao-Taiwo Department of Educational Management 33 A01 21 0000-0002-9876-3553 Idahosa Eki Idahosa Eki 34 A01 Geraldine Njideka Ekpe-Iko Geraldine Njideka Ekpe-Iko 40 05rk03822 University of Lagos 01 eng 00 200 03 20 4IR 20 academic libraries 20 Covid-19 20 digital transformation 10 EDU051000 20 fourth industrial revolution 93 GLM 20 higher education 20 internet of things 20 leadership 20 librarian 20 library practices 20 online learning 20 pandemic leadership 20 research 20 SDGs 20 smart academic libraries 20 sustainable development goals 20 teaching and learning 20 virtual information services 01 06 02 00 This book offers an interesting overview of academic libraries and the communities they serve in Africa. 03 00 This book offers an interesting overview of academic libraries and the communities they serve in Africa.  The book explores the work of academic libraries from a number of different countries primarily in Sub-Saharan Africa.  One of the valuable contributions that the book makes is to highlight the numerous innovative ways in which librarians at African universities have been using their often limited resources to ensure students and academics get continual access to worldclass information.  The book explores various examples of best practice in challenging circumstances such as unstable electricity and the COVID pandemic.  With its mix of practical solutions to, and critical thinking about, the complex issues facing libraries in the Global South, this book is a must read for librarians who are embracing the Fourth Industrial Revolution, and activity working towards achieving the United Nations Sustainable Goals in their countries. 30 00 This book offers an interesting overview of academic libraries and the communities they serve in Africa.  The book explores the work of academic libraries from a number of different countries primarily in Sub-Saharan Africa.  One of the valuable contributions that the book makes is to highlight the numerous innovative ways in which librarians at African universities have been using their often limited resources to ensure students and academics get continual access to worldclass information.  The book explores various examples of best practice in challenging circumstances such as unstable electricity and the COVID pandemic.  With its mix of practical solutions to, and critical thinking about, the complex issues facing libraries in the Global South, this book is a must read for librarians who are embracing the Fourth Industrial Revolution, and activity working towards achieving the United Nations Sustainable Goals in their countries. 04 00 Introduction The Impact and Importance of the Fourth Industrial Revolution and Sustainable Development for Academic Libraries in Africa Maria Frahm-Arp DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9781776460533-000 A Framework for Embracing Web 2.0 Technologies to Nurture the Reading Habits of Secondary School Learners in Zimbabwe Sifundo Nkomo, Mpho Ngoepe DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9781776460533-001 The Roles of Libraries in the World of Open Access The Research Activities of Post‑graduate Students in Four Universities in North-Central Nigeria Stellla A. Onwukanjo DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9781776460533-002 The Role of Tanzania Academic Libraries in Promoting Scholarly Communication through Open Access A Literature Review Kardo Joseph Mwilongo, Betty Kachota DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9781776460533-003 Enhancing Student-Instructor Interaction in Asynchronous Teaching through Virtual Office Hours Sessions A Case Study from Sri Lanka Thilini P. Rupasinghe DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9781776460533-004 Information Needs for Kampala Urban Vegetable Farmers A Unique Information Gap for University Libraries to Embrace Ruth Nsibirano, Kisa Agatha Nsibirano DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9781776460533-005 Revitalisation of Public Libraries in the Attainment of Sustainable Development Goals in Nigeria Ahmed Adamu Abu, Abdullahi Yahaya Isah, Stephen Adekunle AJAYI DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9781776460533-006 Bridging the Universal Literacy Gap The Role of Libraries in Providing Information Access Towards the Achievement of Sustainable Development Goal 4 (SDG 4) Sarah A. Gbenu, Pauline Ruguru Njagi, Adebola O. Adegoroye DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9781776460533-007 Leveraging Content Strategy for Library Digital Media Platforms amongst Selected University Libraries in Zimbabwe Stephen Tsekea, Josiline Chigwada DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9781776460533-008 Offline Internet for Remote Learning in Low Resource Environments Paul Ingiona Adie, Anthony Etta Bisong , Otu Michael Obuop DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9781776460533-009 Embracing Emerging Technologies in The New Normal Libraries Staying Connected with Patrons During the Pandemic Dominic Dankwah Agyei, Theresa L. Adu DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9781776460533-010 The Nexus Between Academic Libraries and Students’ Academic Achievement Londolani B. Munzhedzi, Mukovhe Mukhwantheli DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9781776460533-011 Information Communication Technology Skills and Students’ Engagement in Online Learning Spaces during the Covid-19 Pandemic Bukola Amao-Taiwo, Idahosa Eki , Geraldine Njideka Ekpe-Iko DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9781776460533-012 20 00 Open Access 01 00 03 02 https://books.ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/10.36615/9781776460533_frontcover.jpg UJ Press 01 URL https://ujpress.uj.ac.za 01 UJ Press 01 Publisher's website: home page https://ujpress.uj.ac.za/ 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/110 Johannesburg 04 01 20231231 Maria Frahm-Arp 02 WORLD 06 15 9781776460526 06 15 9781776460533 06 15 9781776460557 WORLD 09 UJ Press 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this product https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/110 29 Publisher's website: download the title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/view/110/708/2522 20 08 20231231 01 urn:uuid:c6a2d778-1563-42ea-a2a2-664e06b7a44b 03 01 01 thoth-work-id urn:uuid:60b713f7-ea4f-4ed3-a9d4-5bd8399683ad 01 thoth-publication-id urn:uuid:c6a2d778-1563-42ea-a2a2-664e06b7a44b 15 9781991223876 06 10.36615/9781776402304 00 BC 10 01 240 mm 01 24 cm 01 9.45 in 02 170 mm 02 17 cm 02 6.69 in 03 12 mm 03 1.2 cm 03 0.47 in Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 01 01 Academic Libraries Reflecting on Crisis, the Fourth Industrial Revolution and the Way Forward 2 B01 21 0000-0001-5279-8286 Anette Janse van Vuren Anette Janse van Vuren 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 3 A01 21 0000-0001-5608-5718 Maria Frahm-Arp Maria Frahm-Arp 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg Executive Director: Library and Information Centre 4 A01 21 0000-0001-7372-5510 Tshilidzi Marwala Tshilidzi Marwala 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg Vice-Chancellor and Principal 5 A01 21 0000-0001-8831-8643 Kirti Menon Kirti Menon 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg Senior Director: Division for Teaching Excellence 6 A01 21 0000-0002-3705-2467 Angina Parekh Angina Parekh 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg Deputy Vice-Chancellor: Academic 7 A01 21 0000-0003-4634-3925 Saurabh Sinha Saurabh Sinha 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg Deputy Vice-Chancellor: Research and Internationalisation 8 A01 21 0000-0002-0287-3337 Gloria Castrillón Gloria Castrillón 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg Director: Centre for Academic Planning and Quality Promotion in the Division for Teaching Excellence (DTE) 9 A01 21 0000-0003-2754-0296 Dhanjay Jhurry Dhanjay Jhurry 40 00mn8c655 Open University of Mauritius Vice-Chancellor&nbsp; 10 A01 21 0000-0001-5744-2641 Rubina D Rampersad Rubina D Rampersad 40 00mn8c655 Open University of Mauritius Educational Technologist/Senior Educational Technologist at the Centre for Innovative and Lifelong Learning 11 A01 21 0000-0003-4418-5011 Mathew Moyo Mathew Moyo 40 010f1sq29 North-West University Chief Director Library and Information 12 A01 21 0000-0002-6151-7228 Cheryl Peltier-Davis Cheryl Peltier-Davis Senior Librarian: Open Campus Libraries and Information Services 13 A01 21 0000-0003-3662-8433 Jolie Rajah Jolie Rajah Law Librarian: Alma Jordan Library 14 A01 21 0000-0003-0015-2699 Marsha Sherry-Ann Winter Marsha Sherry-Ann Winter Librarian: The Alma Jordan Library 15 A01 21 0000-0001-8081-7739 Lorette Jacobs Lorette Jacobs 40 048cwvf49 University of South Africa Associate Professor: Department of Information Science, College of Human Sciences 16 A01 21 0000-0003-4565-3454 Inolofatseng Lekaba Inolofatseng Lekaba 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg Part-time lecturer: Department of Urban and Regional Planning 17 A01 21 0000-0003-3617-4996 Trynos Gumbo Trynos Gumbo 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg Head of the Department: Town &amp; Regional Planning 18 A01 21 0000-0001-8576-4891 Kammila Naidoo Kammila Naidoo 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg Executive Dean: Faculty of Humanities 19 A01 21 0000-0003-0836-6317 Olawumi O. Sadare Olawumi O. Sadare 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg Postdoctoral Researcher: Department of Chemical Engineering 20 A01 21 0000-0001-7755-5125 Kapil Moothi Kapil Moothi 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg Associate Professor: Department of Chemical Engineering Technology 21 A01 21 0000-0003-1475-0745 Michael O. Daramola Michael O. Daramola 40 00g0p6g84 University of Pretoria Full Professor and Head of Department: Chemical Engineering at the Faculty of Engineering, Built Environment and Information Technology 22 A01 21 0000-0003-0206-4342 Ruth Nalumaga Ruth Nalumaga 40 03dmz0111 Makerere University Academic Librarian 23 A01 21 0000-0002-7362-8355 Helen Byamugisha Helen Byamugisha 40 03dmz0111 Makerere University Associate Library Professor and the University Librarian 24 A01 21 0000-0002-2949-1697 Caroline Kobusingye Caroline Kobusingye 40 03dmz0111 Makerere University National E-Resources Coordinator and Head of the Periodicals Section 25 A01 21 0000-0002-0374-6073 Patrick Sekikome Patrick Sekikome 40 03dmz0111 Makerere University Academic Librarian and Head of the Reference and Circulation Section 26 A01 21 0000-0003-0393-1233 Nomoya Mahlangu Nomoya Mahlangu 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 27 A01 21 0000-0002-2023-4344 Kgona Matlakala Kgona Matlakala 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg Library Assistant: Collection Development in the Library and Information Centre 28 A01 21 0000-0003-0949-8549 Ditebogo Mogakane Ditebogo Mogakane 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg Team Leader: Client Services in the Library and Information Centre 29 A01 21 0000-0001-6920-9222 Ivy M. Segoe Ivy M. Segoe 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg Faculty Librarian in the Library and Information Centre 01 eng 00 230 03 20 4IR 20 Academic Libraries 20 Academic Skills 20 Collaboration 20 Covid-19 20 Digital Transformation 10 EDU001030 20 Fourth Industrial Revolution 93 GL 20 Higher Education 20 Internet of things 20 Leadership 20 Librarian 20 Library Practices 20 Online Learning 20 Pandemic leadership 20 Research 20 SDGs 20 Smart academic libraries 20 Sustainable development goals 20 Teaching and Learning 20 Teaching and Learning 20 Virtual information services 01 06 02 00 As we begin to fundamentally redefine our world, informed through the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) lens, entire industries are gearing up for this disruptive event. 03 00 As we begin to fundamentally redefine our world, informed through the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) lens, entire industries are gearing up for this disruptive event. Library practices have been no exception. With the advent of advanced digital technology, knowledge is becoming more readily accessible. This book focuses on how libraries need to respond, adapt, and transform to become meaningful spaces in our rapidly changing 21st century, within the 4IR and coupled with the restrictions of the pandemic. Tracing the evolution of technology over the centuries, the changing role of the library as a response to disruptions is discussed. View the launch here: href="https://fb.watch/gWWf0ID4wd/">https://fb.watch/gWWf0ID4wd/ 30 00 As we begin to fundamentally redefine our world, informed through the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) lens, entire industries are gearing up for this disruptive event. Library practices have been no exception. With the advent of advanced digital technology, knowledge is becoming more readily accessible. This book focuses on how libraries need to respond, adapt, and transform to become meaningful spaces in our rapidly changing 21st century, within the 4IR and coupled with the restrictions of the pandemic. Tracing the evolution of technology over the centuries, the changing role of the library as a response to disruptions is discussed. View the launch here: href="https://fb.watch/gWWf0ID4wd/">https://fb.watch/gWWf0ID4wd/ 04 00 Preface Anette Janse van Vuren DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9781776402304-00 The Fourth Industrial Revolution and Academic Library Practices Tshilidzi Marwala DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9781776402304-01 Steering and Rowing through a Crisis Pandemic Leadership in Higher Education Kirti Menon, Angina Parekh, Saurabh Sinha DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9781776402304-02 Quality Assuring Unknown Territory Reviewing the University of Johannesburg’s Pandemic Teaching and Learning Approach Kirti Menon, Gloria Castrillón DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9781776402304-03 From Online Learning to Digital Transformation The New University Normal Dhanjay Jhurry , Rubina D Rampersad DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9781776402304-04 The Shifting and Changing Research Landscape and the Academic Librarian’s Response Mathew Moyo DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9781776402304-05 Technologies in Two Academic Libraries During the Covid-19 Pandemic The Case of the Alma Jordan Library and the Open Campus Libraries and Information Services, The University of the West Indies Cheryl Peltier-Davis, Jolie Rajah, Marsha Sherry-Ann Winter DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9781776402304-06 Smart Academic Libraries Possibilities Through the Application of the Internet of Things Lorette Jacobs DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9781776402304-07 On Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals through Coproduction of Knowledge A Case Study of the Makers Valley Partnership Inolofatseng Lekaba, Trynos Gumbo, Kammila Naidoo DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9781776402304-08 The Role of the Library in Actualising United Nation Sustainable Development Goals in South Africa Olawumi O. Sadare, Kapil Moothi, Michael O. Daramola DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9781776402304-09 Virtual Information Services During the Covid-19 Pandemic in Makerere University Library, Uganda Ruth Nalumaga, Helen Byamugisha, Caroline Kobusingye, Patrick Sekikome DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9781776402304-10 The Courage to Lead with Small Things Like Kindness Maria Frahm-Arp, Nomoya Mahlangu, Kgona Matlakala, Ditebogo Mogakane, Ivy M. Segoe DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9781776402304-11 20 00 Open Access 01 00 03 02 https://books.ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/10.36615/9781776402304_frontcover.jpg 1 03 06 10.36615/9781776402304-00 Chapter 01 01 Preface 1 B01 21 0000-0001-5279-8286 Anette Janse van Vuren Anette Janse van Vuren 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 01 eng 03 00 <p>The academic library has for many years been at the heart of universities and by and large managed to develop in tandem with their parent institutions. They have always had an essential role in supporting teaching and learning at higher education institutions. However, since the 1960s, there has also been constant predictions that libraries will become redundant and lately, that they will be changed beyond all recognition. None of these predictions about irrelevance has come true, as libraries, and especially academic libraries, have had to change and adapt to new circumstances and especially new technologies at an ever-increasing rate. The fast rate of change and development started with the digital age or the Third Industrial Revolution and is currently culminating in the disruptive wake of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR), fuelled by the even more disruptive impact of the COVID-19&nbsp;pandemic.</p> 30 00 <p>The academic library has for many years been at the heart of universities and by and large managed to develop in tandem with their parent institutions. They have always had an essential role in supporting teaching and learning at higher education institutions. However, since the 1960s, there has also been constant predictions that libraries will become redundant and lately, that they will be changed beyond all recognition. None of these predictions about irrelevance has come true, as libraries, and especially academic libraries, have had to change and adapt to new circumstances and especially new technologies at an ever-increasing rate. The fast rate of change and development started with the digital age or the Third Industrial Revolution and is currently culminating in the disruptive wake of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR), fuelled by the even more disruptive impact of the COVID-19&nbsp;pandemic.</p> 2 03 06 10.36615/9781776402304-01 Chapter 01 01 1. The Fourth Industrial Revolution and Academic Library Practices 1 A01 21 0000-0001-7372-5510 Tshilidzi Marwala Tshilidzi Marwala 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 03 00 <p>As we begin to fundamentally redefine our world, informed through the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) lens, entire industries are gearing up for this disruptive event. Library practices have been no exception. With the advent of advanced digital technology, knowledge is becoming more readily accessible. This chapter focuses on how libraries need to respond, adapt, and transform to become meaningful spaces in our rapidly changing 21^st century, within the 4IR and coupled with the restrictions of the pandemic. Tracing the evolution of technology over the centuries, the changing role of the library as a response to disruptions is discussed.</p> 30 00 <p>As we begin to fundamentally redefine our world, informed through the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) lens, entire industries are gearing up for this disruptive event. Library practices have been no exception. With the advent of advanced digital technology, knowledge is becoming more readily accessible. This chapter focuses on how libraries need to respond, adapt, and transform to become meaningful spaces in our rapidly changing 21^st century, within the 4IR and coupled with the restrictions of the pandemic. Tracing the evolution of technology over the centuries, the changing role of the library as a response to disruptions is discussed.</p> 3 03 06 10.36615/9781776402304-02 Chapter 01 01 2. Steering and Rowing through a Crisis Pandemic Leadership in Higher Education 1 A01 21 0000-0001-8831-8643 Kirti Menon Kirti Menon 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 2 A01 21 0000-0002-3705-2467 Angina Parekh Angina Parekh 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 3 A01 21 0000-0003-4634-3925 Saurabh Sinha Saurabh Sinha 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 03 00 <p>Navigating the ‘new normal’ imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, requires agile and effective leadership to guide the South African higher education institutions through a looming crisis that would affect teaching, learning, and research indefinitely. In this new academic year (2021), lessons and insights from this experience can be identified and articulated for their impact on prospects and possibilities for leadership. This chapter uses the experience of the University of Johannesburg to describe the strategies which were used to support the transition to emergency remote teaching, the management processes that underpinned the transition, and the factors informing future efforts to bolster institutions against crises. It furthermore focuses the attention on the pedagogical implications of the response to the pandemic alongside the new demands which were placed on a higher education landscape that was already mired in complexity, scarcity, and change. The strategies used to chart an alternative path for universities through the pandemic will continue to inform the development of new pedagogies, learning modalities, and management strategies to support navigating through an increasingly uncertain and unpredictable global landscape.</p> 30 00 <p>Navigating the ‘new normal’ imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, requires agile and effective leadership to guide the South African higher education institutions through a looming crisis that would affect teaching, learning, and research indefinitely. In this new academic year (2021), lessons and insights from this experience can be identified and articulated for their impact on prospects and possibilities for leadership. This chapter uses the experience of the University of Johannesburg to describe the strategies which were used to support the transition to emergency remote teaching, the management processes that underpinned the transition, and the factors informing future efforts to bolster institutions against crises. It furthermore focuses the attention on the pedagogical implications of the response to the pandemic alongside the new demands which were placed on a higher education landscape that was already mired in complexity, scarcity, and change. The strategies used to chart an alternative path for universities through the pandemic will continue to inform the development of new pedagogies, learning modalities, and management strategies to support navigating through an increasingly uncertain and unpredictable global landscape.</p> 4 03 06 10.36615/9781776402304-03 Chapter 01 01 3. Quality Assuring Unknown Territory Reviewing the University of Johannesburg’s Pandemic Teaching and Learning Approach 1 A01 21 0000-0001-8831-8643 Kirti Menon Kirti Menon 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 2 A01 21 0000-0002-0287-3337 Gloria Castrillón Gloria Castrillón 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 03 00 <p>The declaration of COVID-19 as a pandemic by the World Health Organisation saw billions of students around the world unable to attend classes. On 15 March 2020, President Cyril Ramaphosa declared a national disaster and ‘lockdown,’ impacting every aspect of life, as the country shut down for 21 days and all educational institutions closed. The University of Johannesburg (UJ), one of 26 South African universities, with a total student population of 50,000 students was no exception. In this chapter, the authors critically reflect on the university’s review of what has been termed education’s ‘new normal’ and the findings related to the experiences of remote teaching and learning. UJ exhibits a deeply held commitment to social justice, equity, access, and excellence, and these values remained paramount during the course of the pandemic. In changing modalities to emergency remote teaching, using online and electronic platforms, UJ ensured the uninterrupted continuation of its academic and social justice goals. The UJ management approved a quality assurance process that was specifically developed to assess the implementation of Emergency Remote Teaching (ERT). The QA review addressed the period of remote teaching and learning from 15 March 2020 to 31 July 2020, which was the first semester. The intention of the review was to identify and share areas of good practice across the university, and to identify areas in which additional support may be needed, especially during the next phase of teaching, and considering the uncertainties surrounding the trajectory of the pandemic. To achieve this dual mandate, the review focused on the effectiveness of the transition to ERT and through an extensive process, which included reviews of modules online, interviews with academics, support structures, and other data analyses, the authors reflect and distil findings from the review report on ERT.</p> 30 00 <p>The declaration of COVID-19 as a pandemic by the World Health Organisation saw billions of students around the world unable to attend classes. On 15 March 2020, President Cyril Ramaphosa declared a national disaster and ‘lockdown,’ impacting every aspect of life, as the country shut down for 21 days and all educational institutions closed. The University of Johannesburg (UJ), one of 26 South African universities, with a total student population of 50,000 students was no exception. In this chapter, the authors critically reflect on the university’s review of what has been termed education’s ‘new normal’ and the findings related to the experiences of remote teaching and learning. UJ exhibits a deeply held commitment to social justice, equity, access, and excellence, and these values remained paramount during the course of the pandemic. In changing modalities to emergency remote teaching, using online and electronic platforms, UJ ensured the uninterrupted continuation of its academic and social justice goals. The UJ management approved a quality assurance process that was specifically developed to assess the implementation of Emergency Remote Teaching (ERT). The QA review addressed the period of remote teaching and learning from 15 March 2020 to 31 July 2020, which was the first semester. The intention of the review was to identify and share areas of good practice across the university, and to identify areas in which additional support may be needed, especially during the next phase of teaching, and considering the uncertainties surrounding the trajectory of the pandemic. To achieve this dual mandate, the review focused on the effectiveness of the transition to ERT and through an extensive process, which included reviews of modules online, interviews with academics, support structures, and other data analyses, the authors reflect and distil findings from the review report on ERT.</p> 5 03 06 10.36615/9781776402304-04 Chapter 01 01 4. From Online Learning to Digital Transformation The New University Normal 1 A01 21 0000-0003-2754-0296 Dhanjay Jhurry Dhanjay Jhurry 40 00mn8c655 Open University of Mauritius 2 A01 21 0000-0001-5744-2641 Rubina D Rampersad Rubina D Rampersad 40 00mn8c655 Open University of Mauritius 03 00 <p>The advent of the worldwide web and progress in the information and communication technologies in the 1990s have boosted online learning and the use of digital platforms. The transformation of the web from a repository of hypertext documents to a highly interactive communication medium, accompanied by a shift in learning theory from the traditional educational theory of behaviourism to that of cognitivism and constructivism supported by technology and tools such as digital libraries, has immensely contributed to the effectiveness of online learning, the benefits of which are now unchallenged. The adoption of online learning requires a well-structured approach and continuous adaptation to a fast-changing environment. This chapter expands on the University of Mauritius’ experience in moving from distance education to online delivery through the training of staff and investment in infrastructure, in particular stressing the role played by the Centre for Innovative and Lifelong Learning, the Centre for Information Technology and Systems, and the digital library in that transformation, in addition to the quality assurance mechanisms which are put in place.</p> 30 00 <p>The advent of the worldwide web and progress in the information and communication technologies in the 1990s have boosted online learning and the use of digital platforms. The transformation of the web from a repository of hypertext documents to a highly interactive communication medium, accompanied by a shift in learning theory from the traditional educational theory of behaviourism to that of cognitivism and constructivism supported by technology and tools such as digital libraries, has immensely contributed to the effectiveness of online learning, the benefits of which are now unchallenged. The adoption of online learning requires a well-structured approach and continuous adaptation to a fast-changing environment. This chapter expands on the University of Mauritius’ experience in moving from distance education to online delivery through the training of staff and investment in infrastructure, in particular stressing the role played by the Centre for Innovative and Lifelong Learning, the Centre for Information Technology and Systems, and the digital library in that transformation, in addition to the quality assurance mechanisms which are put in place.</p> 6 03 06 10.36615/9781776402304-05 Chapter 01 01 5. The Shifting and Changing Research Landscape and the Academic Librarian’s Response 1 A01 21 0000-0003-4418-5011 Mathew Moyo Mathew Moyo 40 010f1sq29 North-West University 03 00 <p>Research is increasingly changing due to among other reasons, technological advancement, funding models or policies, the general transitions on the international scene and lately, the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19). The dawn of COVID-19 has particularly transformed the conduct of research. Apparently, both opportunities and constraints are emanating from this epoch which researchers and academic librarians have to embrace. The study was conducted as a literature review to gather data for the study on how the research landscape is shifting in order to determine ways in which academic librarians could best serve researchers. Adequate research support is key to success in academia because research institutions are also ranked on the level and quality of their research output on ranking platforms. The author argues that the changing research landscape transforms the role of the academic librarian. The study findings indicate that trajectories in research have modified the role of the academic librarian from a supporter through collections and training, to a partner in the entire research life cycle. Suffice to say, any change process bears challenges which academic librarians may encounter in their quest to promote research, and these were determined in this chapter. The chapter ends with some insights about new and innovative ideas for the further promotion of research. The study adds value in understanding the trajectories in conducting research, and what academic librarians need to do in light of the changes, for the benefit of research.</p> 30 00 <p>Research is increasingly changing due to among other reasons, technological advancement, funding models or policies, the general transitions on the international scene and lately, the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19). The dawn of COVID-19 has particularly transformed the conduct of research. Apparently, both opportunities and constraints are emanating from this epoch which researchers and academic librarians have to embrace. The study was conducted as a literature review to gather data for the study on how the research landscape is shifting in order to determine ways in which academic librarians could best serve researchers. Adequate research support is key to success in academia because research institutions are also ranked on the level and quality of their research output on ranking platforms. The author argues that the changing research landscape transforms the role of the academic librarian. The study findings indicate that trajectories in research have modified the role of the academic librarian from a supporter through collections and training, to a partner in the entire research life cycle. Suffice to say, any change process bears challenges which academic librarians may encounter in their quest to promote research, and these were determined in this chapter. The chapter ends with some insights about new and innovative ideas for the further promotion of research. The study adds value in understanding the trajectories in conducting research, and what academic librarians need to do in light of the changes, for the benefit of research.</p> 7 03 06 10.36615/9781776402304-06 Chapter 01 01 6. Technologies in Two Academic Libraries During the Covid-19 Pandemic The Case of the Alma Jordan Library and the Open Campus Libraries and Information Services, The University of the West Indies 1 A01 21 0000-0002-6151-7228 Cheryl Peltier-Davis Cheryl Peltier-Davis 2 A01 21 0000-0003-3662-8433 Jolie Rajah Jolie Rajah 3 A01 21 0000-0003-0015-2699 Marsha Sherry-Ann Winter Marsha Sherry-Ann Winter 03 00 <p>The global COVID-19 pandemic has ushered in a new environment described as the ‘new normal,’ changing the way people live, learn, work, and communicate. Academic libraries have followed the lead of other sectors – business, government, health, and education – in adopting Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) technologies to re-engineer operations and re-image services which are supportive of teaching, learning, and research. This chapter presents case studies that highlight existing and potential applications of 4IR technologies at two academic libraries in the Caribbean, the Alma Jordan Library (AJL) and Open Campus Libraries and Information Services at The University of the West Indies. The chapter discusses the short-term implementation of an artificial intelligence-driven digital assistant responsive to first-line reference and research queries at the AJL and explores the future potential deployment of 4IR technologies such as augmented and virtual reality, robotics, the internet of things, and 3D printing in academic libraries to enhance experiential teaching and learning experiences. The chapter concludes by showing how academic libraries’ adoption of a best practice model can enable the seamless integration of 4IR technologies into programmes, products, and services.</p> 30 00 <p>The global COVID-19 pandemic has ushered in a new environment described as the ‘new normal,’ changing the way people live, learn, work, and communicate. Academic libraries have followed the lead of other sectors – business, government, health, and education – in adopting Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) technologies to re-engineer operations and re-image services which are supportive of teaching, learning, and research. This chapter presents case studies that highlight existing and potential applications of 4IR technologies at two academic libraries in the Caribbean, the Alma Jordan Library (AJL) and Open Campus Libraries and Information Services at The University of the West Indies. The chapter discusses the short-term implementation of an artificial intelligence-driven digital assistant responsive to first-line reference and research queries at the AJL and explores the future potential deployment of 4IR technologies such as augmented and virtual reality, robotics, the internet of things, and 3D printing in academic libraries to enhance experiential teaching and learning experiences. The chapter concludes by showing how academic libraries’ adoption of a best practice model can enable the seamless integration of 4IR technologies into programmes, products, and services.</p> 8 03 06 10.36615/9781776402304-07 Chapter 01 01 7. Smart Academic Libraries Possibilities Through the Application of the Internet of Things 1 A01 21 0000-0001-8081-7739 Lorette Jacobs Lorette Jacobs 40 048cwvf49 University of South Africa 03 00 <p>Internet of Things (IoT) technologies provide the opportunity for hybrid and digital academic libraries to move towards offering smart library services and access to resources. Within the context of higher education, smart academic libraries are new generation libraries that utilise smart technologies to offer library services and access to resources that are innovative, creative, and infused in technological advancements. Within the context of the Covid-19 pandemic, many higher education institutions revised their modes of teaching and learning towards a hybrid, blended, or even online approach. This forced academic libraries to consider alternative ways of offering information services and resource support. One of these alternatives relates to the use of IoT technologies to create smart academic libraries that can offer varied services and resources, using radio-frequency identification technology, sensors, cloud computing, and artificial intelligence. By following a bricolage design within the constructs of interpretivism, views from different authors were considered to propose an IoT architecture and possibilities towards promoting smart academic libraries. The conceptual relatives theory was used to propose ways in which IoT technologies can be utilised to apply smart technologies, develop smart users, offer smart services, and promote smart governance in an endeavour to reconstruct academic library services that are intelligent, flexible, autonomous, and adaptive. It is envisaged that smart academic libraries will support the creation of a teaching and learning environment where students, academics, and researchers can acquire competencies towards personal and professional growth and development.</p> 30 00 <p>Internet of Things (IoT) technologies provide the opportunity for hybrid and digital academic libraries to move towards offering smart library services and access to resources. Within the context of higher education, smart academic libraries are new generation libraries that utilise smart technologies to offer library services and access to resources that are innovative, creative, and infused in technological advancements. Within the context of the Covid-19 pandemic, many higher education institutions revised their modes of teaching and learning towards a hybrid, blended, or even online approach. This forced academic libraries to consider alternative ways of offering information services and resource support. One of these alternatives relates to the use of IoT technologies to create smart academic libraries that can offer varied services and resources, using radio-frequency identification technology, sensors, cloud computing, and artificial intelligence. By following a bricolage design within the constructs of interpretivism, views from different authors were considered to propose an IoT architecture and possibilities towards promoting smart academic libraries. The conceptual relatives theory was used to propose ways in which IoT technologies can be utilised to apply smart technologies, develop smart users, offer smart services, and promote smart governance in an endeavour to reconstruct academic library services that are intelligent, flexible, autonomous, and adaptive. It is envisaged that smart academic libraries will support the creation of a teaching and learning environment where students, academics, and researchers can acquire competencies towards personal and professional growth and development.</p> 9 03 06 10.36615/9781776402304-08 Chapter 01 01 8. On Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals through Coproduction of Knowledge A Case Study of the Makers Valley Partnership 1 A01 21 0000-0003-4565-3454 Inolofatseng Lekaba Inolofatseng Lekaba 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 2 A01 21 0000-0003-3617-4996 Trynos Gumbo Trynos Gumbo 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 3 A01 21 0000-0001-8576-4891 Kammila Naidoo Kammila Naidoo 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 03 00 <p>While the inner city of Johannesburg in South Africa exhibits a considerable decline and disarray, it is simultaneously a site attracting investment, infrastructural change, and growth. An enabling and democratic space for multistakeholder partnerships is therefore vital, particularly one that is inclusive, mutually benefitting, and reflecting local validity. Drawing on the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) as an analytical framework, the chapter explores the actions of a particular civil society organisation, the Makers Valley Partnership (MVP), that has established relations with several universities and entities to further sustainable development within Johannesburg’s inner city. In these endeavours, a systematic, participatory approach to enhance the coproduction of knowledge is advocated. The latter could address uneven power dynamics as evident in previous ways of working and thus help to attain the SDGs. With respect to collaborations between civil society and public libraries, the key concern here is whether such alliances can be meaningfully built to achieve a common goal. It is argued that libraries can potentially play critical societal roles in the way they partner with civil society organisations, groupings, and movements. The chapter concludes with emerging lessons, recommendations, and policy implications.</p> 30 00 <p>While the inner city of Johannesburg in South Africa exhibits a considerable decline and disarray, it is simultaneously a site attracting investment, infrastructural change, and growth. An enabling and democratic space for multistakeholder partnerships is therefore vital, particularly one that is inclusive, mutually benefitting, and reflecting local validity. Drawing on the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) as an analytical framework, the chapter explores the actions of a particular civil society organisation, the Makers Valley Partnership (MVP), that has established relations with several universities and entities to further sustainable development within Johannesburg’s inner city. In these endeavours, a systematic, participatory approach to enhance the coproduction of knowledge is advocated. The latter could address uneven power dynamics as evident in previous ways of working and thus help to attain the SDGs. With respect to collaborations between civil society and public libraries, the key concern here is whether such alliances can be meaningfully built to achieve a common goal. It is argued that libraries can potentially play critical societal roles in the way they partner with civil society organisations, groupings, and movements. The chapter concludes with emerging lessons, recommendations, and policy implications.</p> 10 03 06 10.36615/9781776402304-09 Chapter 01 01 9. The Role of the Library in Actualising United Nation Sustainable Development Goals in South Africa 1 A01 21 0000-0003-0836-6317 Olawumi O. Sadare Olawumi O. Sadare 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 2 A01 21 0000-0001-7755-5125 Kapil Moothi Kapil Moothi 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 3 A01 21 0000-0003-1475-0745 Michael O. Daramola Michael O. Daramola 40 00g0p6g84 University of Pretoria 03 00 <p>This chapter critically reflects on the potential roles of South African libraries in facilitating the actualisation of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the United Nations (UN). The implemented UN 2030 Agenda is all-encompassing, facilitating financial, environmental, and communal growth. The attainment of these SDGs will be via an inclusive agenda, leaving no-one behind. Libraries are major institutions that could assist universities to achieve the SDGs by playing a critical role in research and education. The society that is privileged to have unlimited, but controlled access to information will do well in eliminating inequity, in developing sustainable strategies for food security, in adopting quality inclusive education, and in supporting public health. In addition, the society will place more value on research and innovations. To achieve the purpose of this study, a critical review of literature was conducted. Therefore, this chapter highlights some expectations of librarians during this era of knowledge economy. It also highlights possible challenges that libraries could be facing in meeting such expectations due to the unprecedented Covid-19 pandemic. Furthermore, this chapter emphasises the significance of governments’ partnerships and national support to realise the inclusion of access to information, and individual access to information and communication technology (ICT) in the UN 2030 Agenda. Additionally, suggestions on how government can support libraries in meeting its expectations towards attaining the SDGs, are recommended. Conclusively, effective partnerships have become a crucial part of library management in the attainment of the SDGs.</p> 30 00 <p>This chapter critically reflects on the potential roles of South African libraries in facilitating the actualisation of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the United Nations (UN). The implemented UN 2030 Agenda is all-encompassing, facilitating financial, environmental, and communal growth. The attainment of these SDGs will be via an inclusive agenda, leaving no-one behind. Libraries are major institutions that could assist universities to achieve the SDGs by playing a critical role in research and education. The society that is privileged to have unlimited, but controlled access to information will do well in eliminating inequity, in developing sustainable strategies for food security, in adopting quality inclusive education, and in supporting public health. In addition, the society will place more value on research and innovations. To achieve the purpose of this study, a critical review of literature was conducted. Therefore, this chapter highlights some expectations of librarians during this era of knowledge economy. It also highlights possible challenges that libraries could be facing in meeting such expectations due to the unprecedented Covid-19 pandemic. Furthermore, this chapter emphasises the significance of governments’ partnerships and national support to realise the inclusion of access to information, and individual access to information and communication technology (ICT) in the UN 2030 Agenda. Additionally, suggestions on how government can support libraries in meeting its expectations towards attaining the SDGs, are recommended. Conclusively, effective partnerships have become a crucial part of library management in the attainment of the SDGs.</p> 11 03 06 10.36615/9781776402304-10 Chapter 01 01 10. Virtual Information Services During the Covid-19 Pandemic in Makerere University Library, Uganda 1 A01 21 0000-0003-0206-4342 Ruth Nalumaga Ruth Nalumaga 40 03dmz0111 Makerere University 2 A01 21 0000-0002-7362-8355 Helen Byamugisha Helen Byamugisha 40 03dmz0111 Makerere University 3 A01 21 0000-0002-2949-1697 Caroline Kobusingye Caroline Kobusingye 40 03dmz0111 Makerere University 4 A01 21 0000-0002-0374-6073 Patrick Sekikome Patrick Sekikome 40 03dmz0111 Makerere University 03 00 <p>The unprecedented outbreak of Covid-19 led to disruptions in all aspects of life and the economy. Total and partial closures have characterised the pandemic period to contain the spread of the epidemic. Higher education institutions have devised new forms of existence. With the increasing mutations of the virus, coupled with slow vaccination rollouts in Uganda, e-learning remains the practical pedagogy, while electronic information resources are the vital support for learning and research in these circumstances. During the first lockdown, in April 2020, the library carried out a qualitative study on both frontline library staff and academic users. The aim of the study was to understand the experiences of use of electronic resources during the pandemic period. Among the observations of the study was a total decline in downloads from institutional subscriptions of up to about 20% in the year 2020. This finding was troubling, given prior assumptions that lockdowns would boost e-resources’ uptake. Furthermore, while the library website and its aggregator tools had traditionally been assumed to be key access points for institutional resources, the study showed that most respondents preferred Google Scholar and not the library discovery tool, as their preferred a key search interface. While Google Scholar worked perfectly on campus within permissible IP ranges, off campus access, as determined by the pandemic period, required a remote access tool. As such, respondents who utilised Google Scholar, experienced marked differences in the levels of access while outside the university network. Thus, the findings revealed that the library website was not the first point of recourse for most users and that this particularly affected the utilisation of e-resources. This chapter, therefore, highlights efforts to improve the use of e-resources through augmenting the website with interactive and other applications. It includes, but are not limited to, a subscription to another remote access system (MyLOFT – My Library on Finger Tips), which enables users to remotely access the library’s electronic resources, using their personal accounts and internet from anywhere with more flexibility. Zoom accounts have been established for blended information literacy trainings, complemented by social media platforms, especially WhatsApp and Twitter to facilitate seamless communication. Nevertheless, while the transition to virtual engagement offers opportunities, there are challenges as well. This chapter has chronicled and analysed the mediated undertakings of the Makerere University Library’s ICT to maintain accessibility, visibility, and relevance in the face of physical isolation. It is based on the experiences of staff members at the frontline, coupled with observations of the library’s social media feeds. It could be deduced that the adoption and acceleration of technological tools in the context of the pandemic were perceived as a case of <em>rising to the occasion</em>, while social media platforms were recognised as ‘useful’ and ‘easy to use’ (Davis 1989:320) in bridging distance and isolation.</p> 30 00 <p>The unprecedented outbreak of Covid-19 led to disruptions in all aspects of life and the economy. Total and partial closures have characterised the pandemic period to contain the spread of the epidemic. Higher education institutions have devised new forms of existence. With the increasing mutations of the virus, coupled with slow vaccination rollouts in Uganda, e-learning remains the practical pedagogy, while electronic information resources are the vital support for learning and research in these circumstances. During the first lockdown, in April 2020, the library carried out a qualitative study on both frontline library staff and academic users. The aim of the study was to understand the experiences of use of electronic resources during the pandemic period. Among the observations of the study was a total decline in downloads from institutional subscriptions of up to about 20% in the year 2020. This finding was troubling, given prior assumptions that lockdowns would boost e-resources’ uptake. Furthermore, while the library website and its aggregator tools had traditionally been assumed to be key access points for institutional resources, the study showed that most respondents preferred Google Scholar and not the library discovery tool, as their preferred a key search interface. While Google Scholar worked perfectly on campus within permissible IP ranges, off campus access, as determined by the pandemic period, required a remote access tool. As such, respondents who utilised Google Scholar, experienced marked differences in the levels of access while outside the university network. Thus, the findings revealed that the library website was not the first point of recourse for most users and that this particularly affected the utilisation of e-resources. This chapter, therefore, highlights efforts to improve the use of e-resources through augmenting the website with interactive and other applications. It includes, but are not limited to, a subscription to another remote access system (MyLOFT – My Library on Finger Tips), which enables users to remotely access the library’s electronic resources, using their personal accounts and internet from anywhere with more flexibility. Zoom accounts have been established for blended information literacy trainings, complemented by social media platforms, especially WhatsApp and Twitter to facilitate seamless communication. Nevertheless, while the transition to virtual engagement offers opportunities, there are challenges as well. This chapter has chronicled and analysed the mediated undertakings of the Makerere University Library’s ICT to maintain accessibility, visibility, and relevance in the face of physical isolation. It is based on the experiences of staff members at the frontline, coupled with observations of the library’s social media feeds. It could be deduced that the adoption and acceleration of technological tools in the context of the pandemic were perceived as a case of <em>rising to the occasion</em>, while social media platforms were recognised as ‘useful’ and ‘easy to use’ (Davis 1989:320) in bridging distance and isolation.</p> 12 03 06 10.36615/9781776402304-11 Chapter 01 01 11. The Courage to Lead with Small Things Like Kindness 1 A01 21 0000-0001-5608-5718 Maria Frahm-Arp Maria Frahm-Arp 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 2 A01 21 0000-0003-0393-1233 Nomoya Mahlangu Nomoya Mahlangu 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 3 A01 21 0000-0002-2023-4344 Kgona Matlakala Kgona Matlakala 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 4 A01 21 0000-0003-0949-8549 Ditebogo Mogakane Ditebogo Mogakane 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 5 A01 21 0000-0001-6920-9222 Ivy M. Segoe Ivy M. Segoe 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 03 00 <p>During Covid-19, many people lost loved ones, be they friends or family members, while others struggled with depression, and many felt anxious and overwhelmed. This chapter examines how in the workplace, particularly an academic library, it is possible to offer staff members support as they grieve, deal with depression and/or anxiety, and feel overwhelmed. Drawing on two data sets, the chapter explores how a caring form of leadership was exercised in the library at the University of Johannesburg and what impact this had on the wellbeing of the staff.</p> 30 00 <p>During Covid-19, many people lost loved ones, be they friends or family members, while others struggled with depression, and many felt anxious and overwhelmed. This chapter examines how in the workplace, particularly an academic library, it is possible to offer staff members support as they grieve, deal with depression and/or anxiety, and feel overwhelmed. Drawing on two data sets, the chapter explores how a caring form of leadership was exercised in the library at the University of Johannesburg and what impact this had on the wellbeing of the staff.</p> UJ Press 01 URL https://ujpress.uj.ac.za 01 UJ Press 01 Publisher's website: home page https://ujpress.uj.ac.za/ 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/56 Johannesburg 04 01 20220627 Anette Janse van Vuren 02 WORLD 06 15 9781776402304 06 15 9781776402328 06 15 9781776402311 WORLD 09 UJ Press 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this product https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/56 29 Publisher's website: download the title https://www.amazon.co.uk/dp/1991223870 20 08 20220627 02 275.00 GBP WORLD urn:uuid:ca9c9e35-1f9e-42ea-a927-f44e7b6073d2 03 01 01 thoth-work-id urn:uuid:60b713f7-ea4f-4ed3-a9d4-5bd8399683ad 01 thoth-publication-id urn:uuid:ca9c9e35-1f9e-42ea-a927-f44e7b6073d2 15 9781776402304 06 10.36615/9781776402304 00 EB E107 10 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 01 01 Academic Libraries Reflecting on Crisis, the Fourth Industrial Revolution and the Way Forward 2 B01 21 0000-0001-5279-8286 Anette Janse van Vuren Anette Janse van Vuren 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 3 A01 21 0000-0001-5608-5718 Maria Frahm-Arp Maria Frahm-Arp 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg Executive Director: Library and Information Centre 4 A01 21 0000-0001-7372-5510 Tshilidzi Marwala Tshilidzi Marwala 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg Vice-Chancellor and Principal 5 A01 21 0000-0001-8831-8643 Kirti Menon Kirti Menon 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg Senior Director: Division for Teaching Excellence 6 A01 21 0000-0002-3705-2467 Angina Parekh Angina Parekh 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg Deputy Vice-Chancellor: Academic 7 A01 21 0000-0003-4634-3925 Saurabh Sinha Saurabh Sinha 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg Deputy Vice-Chancellor: Research and Internationalisation 8 A01 21 0000-0002-0287-3337 Gloria Castrillón Gloria Castrillón 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg Director: Centre for Academic Planning and Quality Promotion in the Division for Teaching Excellence (DTE) 9 A01 21 0000-0003-2754-0296 Dhanjay Jhurry Dhanjay Jhurry 40 00mn8c655 Open University of Mauritius Vice-Chancellor&nbsp; 10 A01 21 0000-0001-5744-2641 Rubina D Rampersad Rubina D Rampersad 40 00mn8c655 Open University of Mauritius Educational Technologist/Senior Educational Technologist at the Centre for Innovative and Lifelong Learning 11 A01 21 0000-0003-4418-5011 Mathew Moyo Mathew Moyo 40 010f1sq29 North-West University Chief Director Library and Information 12 A01 21 0000-0002-6151-7228 Cheryl Peltier-Davis Cheryl Peltier-Davis Senior Librarian: Open Campus Libraries and Information Services 13 A01 21 0000-0003-3662-8433 Jolie Rajah Jolie Rajah Law Librarian: Alma Jordan Library 14 A01 21 0000-0003-0015-2699 Marsha Sherry-Ann Winter Marsha Sherry-Ann Winter Librarian: The Alma Jordan Library 15 A01 21 0000-0001-8081-7739 Lorette Jacobs Lorette Jacobs 40 048cwvf49 University of South Africa Associate Professor: Department of Information Science, College of Human Sciences 16 A01 21 0000-0003-4565-3454 Inolofatseng Lekaba Inolofatseng Lekaba 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg Part-time lecturer: Department of Urban and Regional Planning 17 A01 21 0000-0003-3617-4996 Trynos Gumbo Trynos Gumbo 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg Head of the Department: Town &amp; Regional Planning 18 A01 21 0000-0001-8576-4891 Kammila Naidoo Kammila Naidoo 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg Executive Dean: Faculty of Humanities 19 A01 21 0000-0003-0836-6317 Olawumi O. Sadare Olawumi O. Sadare 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg Postdoctoral Researcher: Department of Chemical Engineering 20 A01 21 0000-0001-7755-5125 Kapil Moothi Kapil Moothi 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg Associate Professor: Department of Chemical Engineering Technology 21 A01 21 0000-0003-1475-0745 Michael O. Daramola Michael O. Daramola 40 00g0p6g84 University of Pretoria Full Professor and Head of Department: Chemical Engineering at the Faculty of Engineering, Built Environment and Information Technology 22 A01 21 0000-0003-0206-4342 Ruth Nalumaga Ruth Nalumaga 40 03dmz0111 Makerere University Academic Librarian 23 A01 21 0000-0002-7362-8355 Helen Byamugisha Helen Byamugisha 40 03dmz0111 Makerere University Associate Library Professor and the University Librarian 24 A01 21 0000-0002-2949-1697 Caroline Kobusingye Caroline Kobusingye 40 03dmz0111 Makerere University National E-Resources Coordinator and Head of the Periodicals Section 25 A01 21 0000-0002-0374-6073 Patrick Sekikome Patrick Sekikome 40 03dmz0111 Makerere University Academic Librarian and Head of the Reference and Circulation Section 26 A01 21 0000-0003-0393-1233 Nomoya Mahlangu Nomoya Mahlangu 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 27 A01 21 0000-0002-2023-4344 Kgona Matlakala Kgona Matlakala 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg Library Assistant: Collection Development in the Library and Information Centre 28 A01 21 0000-0003-0949-8549 Ditebogo Mogakane Ditebogo Mogakane 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg Team Leader: Client Services in the Library and Information Centre 29 A01 21 0000-0001-6920-9222 Ivy M. Segoe Ivy M. Segoe 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg Faculty Librarian in the Library and Information Centre 01 eng 00 230 03 20 4IR 20 Academic Libraries 20 Academic Skills 20 Collaboration 20 Covid-19 20 Digital Transformation 10 EDU001030 20 Fourth Industrial Revolution 93 GL 20 Higher Education 20 Internet of things 20 Leadership 20 Librarian 20 Library Practices 20 Online Learning 20 Pandemic leadership 20 Research 20 SDGs 20 Smart academic libraries 20 Sustainable development goals 20 Teaching and Learning 20 Teaching and Learning 20 Virtual information services 01 06 02 00 As we begin to fundamentally redefine our world, informed through the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) lens, entire industries are gearing up for this disruptive event. 03 00 As we begin to fundamentally redefine our world, informed through the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) lens, entire industries are gearing up for this disruptive event. Library practices have been no exception. With the advent of advanced digital technology, knowledge is becoming more readily accessible. This book focuses on how libraries need to respond, adapt, and transform to become meaningful spaces in our rapidly changing 21st century, within the 4IR and coupled with the restrictions of the pandemic. Tracing the evolution of technology over the centuries, the changing role of the library as a response to disruptions is discussed. View the launch here: href="https://fb.watch/gWWf0ID4wd/">https://fb.watch/gWWf0ID4wd/ 30 00 As we begin to fundamentally redefine our world, informed through the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) lens, entire industries are gearing up for this disruptive event. Library practices have been no exception. With the advent of advanced digital technology, knowledge is becoming more readily accessible. This book focuses on how libraries need to respond, adapt, and transform to become meaningful spaces in our rapidly changing 21st century, within the 4IR and coupled with the restrictions of the pandemic. Tracing the evolution of technology over the centuries, the changing role of the library as a response to disruptions is discussed. View the launch here: href="https://fb.watch/gWWf0ID4wd/">https://fb.watch/gWWf0ID4wd/ 04 00 Preface Anette Janse van Vuren DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9781776402304-00 The Fourth Industrial Revolution and Academic Library Practices Tshilidzi Marwala DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9781776402304-01 Steering and Rowing through a Crisis Pandemic Leadership in Higher Education Kirti Menon, Angina Parekh, Saurabh Sinha DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9781776402304-02 Quality Assuring Unknown Territory Reviewing the University of Johannesburg’s Pandemic Teaching and Learning Approach Kirti Menon, Gloria Castrillón DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9781776402304-03 From Online Learning to Digital Transformation The New University Normal Dhanjay Jhurry , Rubina D Rampersad DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9781776402304-04 The Shifting and Changing Research Landscape and the Academic Librarian’s Response Mathew Moyo DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9781776402304-05 Technologies in Two Academic Libraries During the Covid-19 Pandemic The Case of the Alma Jordan Library and the Open Campus Libraries and Information Services, The University of the West Indies Cheryl Peltier-Davis, Jolie Rajah, Marsha Sherry-Ann Winter DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9781776402304-06 Smart Academic Libraries Possibilities Through the Application of the Internet of Things Lorette Jacobs DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9781776402304-07 On Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals through Coproduction of Knowledge A Case Study of the Makers Valley Partnership Inolofatseng Lekaba, Trynos Gumbo, Kammila Naidoo DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9781776402304-08 The Role of the Library in Actualising United Nation Sustainable Development Goals in South Africa Olawumi O. Sadare, Kapil Moothi, Michael O. Daramola DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9781776402304-09 Virtual Information Services During the Covid-19 Pandemic in Makerere University Library, Uganda Ruth Nalumaga, Helen Byamugisha, Caroline Kobusingye, Patrick Sekikome DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9781776402304-10 The Courage to Lead with Small Things Like Kindness Maria Frahm-Arp, Nomoya Mahlangu, Kgona Matlakala, Ditebogo Mogakane, Ivy M. Segoe DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9781776402304-11 20 00 Open Access 01 00 03 02 https://books.ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/10.36615/9781776402304_frontcover.jpg 1 03 06 10.36615/9781776402304-00 Chapter 01 01 Preface 1 B01 21 0000-0001-5279-8286 Anette Janse van Vuren Anette Janse van Vuren 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 01 eng 03 00 <p>The academic library has for many years been at the heart of universities and by and large managed to develop in tandem with their parent institutions. They have always had an essential role in supporting teaching and learning at higher education institutions. However, since the 1960s, there has also been constant predictions that libraries will become redundant and lately, that they will be changed beyond all recognition. None of these predictions about irrelevance has come true, as libraries, and especially academic libraries, have had to change and adapt to new circumstances and especially new technologies at an ever-increasing rate. The fast rate of change and development started with the digital age or the Third Industrial Revolution and is currently culminating in the disruptive wake of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR), fuelled by the even more disruptive impact of the COVID-19&nbsp;pandemic.</p> 30 00 <p>The academic library has for many years been at the heart of universities and by and large managed to develop in tandem with their parent institutions. They have always had an essential role in supporting teaching and learning at higher education institutions. However, since the 1960s, there has also been constant predictions that libraries will become redundant and lately, that they will be changed beyond all recognition. None of these predictions about irrelevance has come true, as libraries, and especially academic libraries, have had to change and adapt to new circumstances and especially new technologies at an ever-increasing rate. The fast rate of change and development started with the digital age or the Third Industrial Revolution and is currently culminating in the disruptive wake of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR), fuelled by the even more disruptive impact of the COVID-19&nbsp;pandemic.</p> 2 03 06 10.36615/9781776402304-01 Chapter 01 01 1. The Fourth Industrial Revolution and Academic Library Practices 1 A01 21 0000-0001-7372-5510 Tshilidzi Marwala Tshilidzi Marwala 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 03 00 <p>As we begin to fundamentally redefine our world, informed through the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) lens, entire industries are gearing up for this disruptive event. Library practices have been no exception. With the advent of advanced digital technology, knowledge is becoming more readily accessible. This chapter focuses on how libraries need to respond, adapt, and transform to become meaningful spaces in our rapidly changing 21^st century, within the 4IR and coupled with the restrictions of the pandemic. Tracing the evolution of technology over the centuries, the changing role of the library as a response to disruptions is discussed.</p> 30 00 <p>As we begin to fundamentally redefine our world, informed through the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) lens, entire industries are gearing up for this disruptive event. Library practices have been no exception. With the advent of advanced digital technology, knowledge is becoming more readily accessible. This chapter focuses on how libraries need to respond, adapt, and transform to become meaningful spaces in our rapidly changing 21^st century, within the 4IR and coupled with the restrictions of the pandemic. Tracing the evolution of technology over the centuries, the changing role of the library as a response to disruptions is discussed.</p> 3 03 06 10.36615/9781776402304-02 Chapter 01 01 2. Steering and Rowing through a Crisis Pandemic Leadership in Higher Education 1 A01 21 0000-0001-8831-8643 Kirti Menon Kirti Menon 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 2 A01 21 0000-0002-3705-2467 Angina Parekh Angina Parekh 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 3 A01 21 0000-0003-4634-3925 Saurabh Sinha Saurabh Sinha 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 03 00 <p>Navigating the ‘new normal’ imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, requires agile and effective leadership to guide the South African higher education institutions through a looming crisis that would affect teaching, learning, and research indefinitely. In this new academic year (2021), lessons and insights from this experience can be identified and articulated for their impact on prospects and possibilities for leadership. This chapter uses the experience of the University of Johannesburg to describe the strategies which were used to support the transition to emergency remote teaching, the management processes that underpinned the transition, and the factors informing future efforts to bolster institutions against crises. It furthermore focuses the attention on the pedagogical implications of the response to the pandemic alongside the new demands which were placed on a higher education landscape that was already mired in complexity, scarcity, and change. The strategies used to chart an alternative path for universities through the pandemic will continue to inform the development of new pedagogies, learning modalities, and management strategies to support navigating through an increasingly uncertain and unpredictable global landscape.</p> 30 00 <p>Navigating the ‘new normal’ imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, requires agile and effective leadership to guide the South African higher education institutions through a looming crisis that would affect teaching, learning, and research indefinitely. In this new academic year (2021), lessons and insights from this experience can be identified and articulated for their impact on prospects and possibilities for leadership. This chapter uses the experience of the University of Johannesburg to describe the strategies which were used to support the transition to emergency remote teaching, the management processes that underpinned the transition, and the factors informing future efforts to bolster institutions against crises. It furthermore focuses the attention on the pedagogical implications of the response to the pandemic alongside the new demands which were placed on a higher education landscape that was already mired in complexity, scarcity, and change. The strategies used to chart an alternative path for universities through the pandemic will continue to inform the development of new pedagogies, learning modalities, and management strategies to support navigating through an increasingly uncertain and unpredictable global landscape.</p> 4 03 06 10.36615/9781776402304-03 Chapter 01 01 3. Quality Assuring Unknown Territory Reviewing the University of Johannesburg’s Pandemic Teaching and Learning Approach 1 A01 21 0000-0001-8831-8643 Kirti Menon Kirti Menon 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 2 A01 21 0000-0002-0287-3337 Gloria Castrillón Gloria Castrillón 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 03 00 <p>The declaration of COVID-19 as a pandemic by the World Health Organisation saw billions of students around the world unable to attend classes. On 15 March 2020, President Cyril Ramaphosa declared a national disaster and ‘lockdown,’ impacting every aspect of life, as the country shut down for 21 days and all educational institutions closed. The University of Johannesburg (UJ), one of 26 South African universities, with a total student population of 50,000 students was no exception. In this chapter, the authors critically reflect on the university’s review of what has been termed education’s ‘new normal’ and the findings related to the experiences of remote teaching and learning. UJ exhibits a deeply held commitment to social justice, equity, access, and excellence, and these values remained paramount during the course of the pandemic. In changing modalities to emergency remote teaching, using online and electronic platforms, UJ ensured the uninterrupted continuation of its academic and social justice goals. The UJ management approved a quality assurance process that was specifically developed to assess the implementation of Emergency Remote Teaching (ERT). The QA review addressed the period of remote teaching and learning from 15 March 2020 to 31 July 2020, which was the first semester. The intention of the review was to identify and share areas of good practice across the university, and to identify areas in which additional support may be needed, especially during the next phase of teaching, and considering the uncertainties surrounding the trajectory of the pandemic. To achieve this dual mandate, the review focused on the effectiveness of the transition to ERT and through an extensive process, which included reviews of modules online, interviews with academics, support structures, and other data analyses, the authors reflect and distil findings from the review report on ERT.</p> 30 00 <p>The declaration of COVID-19 as a pandemic by the World Health Organisation saw billions of students around the world unable to attend classes. On 15 March 2020, President Cyril Ramaphosa declared a national disaster and ‘lockdown,’ impacting every aspect of life, as the country shut down for 21 days and all educational institutions closed. The University of Johannesburg (UJ), one of 26 South African universities, with a total student population of 50,000 students was no exception. In this chapter, the authors critically reflect on the university’s review of what has been termed education’s ‘new normal’ and the findings related to the experiences of remote teaching and learning. UJ exhibits a deeply held commitment to social justice, equity, access, and excellence, and these values remained paramount during the course of the pandemic. In changing modalities to emergency remote teaching, using online and electronic platforms, UJ ensured the uninterrupted continuation of its academic and social justice goals. The UJ management approved a quality assurance process that was specifically developed to assess the implementation of Emergency Remote Teaching (ERT). The QA review addressed the period of remote teaching and learning from 15 March 2020 to 31 July 2020, which was the first semester. The intention of the review was to identify and share areas of good practice across the university, and to identify areas in which additional support may be needed, especially during the next phase of teaching, and considering the uncertainties surrounding the trajectory of the pandemic. To achieve this dual mandate, the review focused on the effectiveness of the transition to ERT and through an extensive process, which included reviews of modules online, interviews with academics, support structures, and other data analyses, the authors reflect and distil findings from the review report on ERT.</p> 5 03 06 10.36615/9781776402304-04 Chapter 01 01 4. From Online Learning to Digital Transformation The New University Normal 1 A01 21 0000-0003-2754-0296 Dhanjay Jhurry Dhanjay Jhurry 40 00mn8c655 Open University of Mauritius 2 A01 21 0000-0001-5744-2641 Rubina D Rampersad Rubina D Rampersad 40 00mn8c655 Open University of Mauritius 03 00 <p>The advent of the worldwide web and progress in the information and communication technologies in the 1990s have boosted online learning and the use of digital platforms. The transformation of the web from a repository of hypertext documents to a highly interactive communication medium, accompanied by a shift in learning theory from the traditional educational theory of behaviourism to that of cognitivism and constructivism supported by technology and tools such as digital libraries, has immensely contributed to the effectiveness of online learning, the benefits of which are now unchallenged. The adoption of online learning requires a well-structured approach and continuous adaptation to a fast-changing environment. This chapter expands on the University of Mauritius’ experience in moving from distance education to online delivery through the training of staff and investment in infrastructure, in particular stressing the role played by the Centre for Innovative and Lifelong Learning, the Centre for Information Technology and Systems, and the digital library in that transformation, in addition to the quality assurance mechanisms which are put in place.</p> 30 00 <p>The advent of the worldwide web and progress in the information and communication technologies in the 1990s have boosted online learning and the use of digital platforms. The transformation of the web from a repository of hypertext documents to a highly interactive communication medium, accompanied by a shift in learning theory from the traditional educational theory of behaviourism to that of cognitivism and constructivism supported by technology and tools such as digital libraries, has immensely contributed to the effectiveness of online learning, the benefits of which are now unchallenged. The adoption of online learning requires a well-structured approach and continuous adaptation to a fast-changing environment. This chapter expands on the University of Mauritius’ experience in moving from distance education to online delivery through the training of staff and investment in infrastructure, in particular stressing the role played by the Centre for Innovative and Lifelong Learning, the Centre for Information Technology and Systems, and the digital library in that transformation, in addition to the quality assurance mechanisms which are put in place.</p> 6 03 06 10.36615/9781776402304-05 Chapter 01 01 5. The Shifting and Changing Research Landscape and the Academic Librarian’s Response 1 A01 21 0000-0003-4418-5011 Mathew Moyo Mathew Moyo 40 010f1sq29 North-West University 03 00 <p>Research is increasingly changing due to among other reasons, technological advancement, funding models or policies, the general transitions on the international scene and lately, the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19). The dawn of COVID-19 has particularly transformed the conduct of research. Apparently, both opportunities and constraints are emanating from this epoch which researchers and academic librarians have to embrace. The study was conducted as a literature review to gather data for the study on how the research landscape is shifting in order to determine ways in which academic librarians could best serve researchers. Adequate research support is key to success in academia because research institutions are also ranked on the level and quality of their research output on ranking platforms. The author argues that the changing research landscape transforms the role of the academic librarian. The study findings indicate that trajectories in research have modified the role of the academic librarian from a supporter through collections and training, to a partner in the entire research life cycle. Suffice to say, any change process bears challenges which academic librarians may encounter in their quest to promote research, and these were determined in this chapter. The chapter ends with some insights about new and innovative ideas for the further promotion of research. The study adds value in understanding the trajectories in conducting research, and what academic librarians need to do in light of the changes, for the benefit of research.</p> 30 00 <p>Research is increasingly changing due to among other reasons, technological advancement, funding models or policies, the general transitions on the international scene and lately, the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19). The dawn of COVID-19 has particularly transformed the conduct of research. Apparently, both opportunities and constraints are emanating from this epoch which researchers and academic librarians have to embrace. The study was conducted as a literature review to gather data for the study on how the research landscape is shifting in order to determine ways in which academic librarians could best serve researchers. Adequate research support is key to success in academia because research institutions are also ranked on the level and quality of their research output on ranking platforms. The author argues that the changing research landscape transforms the role of the academic librarian. The study findings indicate that trajectories in research have modified the role of the academic librarian from a supporter through collections and training, to a partner in the entire research life cycle. Suffice to say, any change process bears challenges which academic librarians may encounter in their quest to promote research, and these were determined in this chapter. The chapter ends with some insights about new and innovative ideas for the further promotion of research. The study adds value in understanding the trajectories in conducting research, and what academic librarians need to do in light of the changes, for the benefit of research.</p> 7 03 06 10.36615/9781776402304-06 Chapter 01 01 6. Technologies in Two Academic Libraries During the Covid-19 Pandemic The Case of the Alma Jordan Library and the Open Campus Libraries and Information Services, The University of the West Indies 1 A01 21 0000-0002-6151-7228 Cheryl Peltier-Davis Cheryl Peltier-Davis 2 A01 21 0000-0003-3662-8433 Jolie Rajah Jolie Rajah 3 A01 21 0000-0003-0015-2699 Marsha Sherry-Ann Winter Marsha Sherry-Ann Winter 03 00 <p>The global COVID-19 pandemic has ushered in a new environment described as the ‘new normal,’ changing the way people live, learn, work, and communicate. Academic libraries have followed the lead of other sectors – business, government, health, and education – in adopting Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) technologies to re-engineer operations and re-image services which are supportive of teaching, learning, and research. This chapter presents case studies that highlight existing and potential applications of 4IR technologies at two academic libraries in the Caribbean, the Alma Jordan Library (AJL) and Open Campus Libraries and Information Services at The University of the West Indies. The chapter discusses the short-term implementation of an artificial intelligence-driven digital assistant responsive to first-line reference and research queries at the AJL and explores the future potential deployment of 4IR technologies such as augmented and virtual reality, robotics, the internet of things, and 3D printing in academic libraries to enhance experiential teaching and learning experiences. The chapter concludes by showing how academic libraries’ adoption of a best practice model can enable the seamless integration of 4IR technologies into programmes, products, and services.</p> 30 00 <p>The global COVID-19 pandemic has ushered in a new environment described as the ‘new normal,’ changing the way people live, learn, work, and communicate. Academic libraries have followed the lead of other sectors – business, government, health, and education – in adopting Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) technologies to re-engineer operations and re-image services which are supportive of teaching, learning, and research. This chapter presents case studies that highlight existing and potential applications of 4IR technologies at two academic libraries in the Caribbean, the Alma Jordan Library (AJL) and Open Campus Libraries and Information Services at The University of the West Indies. The chapter discusses the short-term implementation of an artificial intelligence-driven digital assistant responsive to first-line reference and research queries at the AJL and explores the future potential deployment of 4IR technologies such as augmented and virtual reality, robotics, the internet of things, and 3D printing in academic libraries to enhance experiential teaching and learning experiences. The chapter concludes by showing how academic libraries’ adoption of a best practice model can enable the seamless integration of 4IR technologies into programmes, products, and services.</p> 8 03 06 10.36615/9781776402304-07 Chapter 01 01 7. Smart Academic Libraries Possibilities Through the Application of the Internet of Things 1 A01 21 0000-0001-8081-7739 Lorette Jacobs Lorette Jacobs 40 048cwvf49 University of South Africa 03 00 <p>Internet of Things (IoT) technologies provide the opportunity for hybrid and digital academic libraries to move towards offering smart library services and access to resources. Within the context of higher education, smart academic libraries are new generation libraries that utilise smart technologies to offer library services and access to resources that are innovative, creative, and infused in technological advancements. Within the context of the Covid-19 pandemic, many higher education institutions revised their modes of teaching and learning towards a hybrid, blended, or even online approach. This forced academic libraries to consider alternative ways of offering information services and resource support. One of these alternatives relates to the use of IoT technologies to create smart academic libraries that can offer varied services and resources, using radio-frequency identification technology, sensors, cloud computing, and artificial intelligence. By following a bricolage design within the constructs of interpretivism, views from different authors were considered to propose an IoT architecture and possibilities towards promoting smart academic libraries. The conceptual relatives theory was used to propose ways in which IoT technologies can be utilised to apply smart technologies, develop smart users, offer smart services, and promote smart governance in an endeavour to reconstruct academic library services that are intelligent, flexible, autonomous, and adaptive. It is envisaged that smart academic libraries will support the creation of a teaching and learning environment where students, academics, and researchers can acquire competencies towards personal and professional growth and development.</p> 30 00 <p>Internet of Things (IoT) technologies provide the opportunity for hybrid and digital academic libraries to move towards offering smart library services and access to resources. Within the context of higher education, smart academic libraries are new generation libraries that utilise smart technologies to offer library services and access to resources that are innovative, creative, and infused in technological advancements. Within the context of the Covid-19 pandemic, many higher education institutions revised their modes of teaching and learning towards a hybrid, blended, or even online approach. This forced academic libraries to consider alternative ways of offering information services and resource support. One of these alternatives relates to the use of IoT technologies to create smart academic libraries that can offer varied services and resources, using radio-frequency identification technology, sensors, cloud computing, and artificial intelligence. By following a bricolage design within the constructs of interpretivism, views from different authors were considered to propose an IoT architecture and possibilities towards promoting smart academic libraries. The conceptual relatives theory was used to propose ways in which IoT technologies can be utilised to apply smart technologies, develop smart users, offer smart services, and promote smart governance in an endeavour to reconstruct academic library services that are intelligent, flexible, autonomous, and adaptive. It is envisaged that smart academic libraries will support the creation of a teaching and learning environment where students, academics, and researchers can acquire competencies towards personal and professional growth and development.</p> 9 03 06 10.36615/9781776402304-08 Chapter 01 01 8. On Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals through Coproduction of Knowledge A Case Study of the Makers Valley Partnership 1 A01 21 0000-0003-4565-3454 Inolofatseng Lekaba Inolofatseng Lekaba 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 2 A01 21 0000-0003-3617-4996 Trynos Gumbo Trynos Gumbo 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 3 A01 21 0000-0001-8576-4891 Kammila Naidoo Kammila Naidoo 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 03 00 <p>While the inner city of Johannesburg in South Africa exhibits a considerable decline and disarray, it is simultaneously a site attracting investment, infrastructural change, and growth. An enabling and democratic space for multistakeholder partnerships is therefore vital, particularly one that is inclusive, mutually benefitting, and reflecting local validity. Drawing on the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) as an analytical framework, the chapter explores the actions of a particular civil society organisation, the Makers Valley Partnership (MVP), that has established relations with several universities and entities to further sustainable development within Johannesburg’s inner city. In these endeavours, a systematic, participatory approach to enhance the coproduction of knowledge is advocated. The latter could address uneven power dynamics as evident in previous ways of working and thus help to attain the SDGs. With respect to collaborations between civil society and public libraries, the key concern here is whether such alliances can be meaningfully built to achieve a common goal. It is argued that libraries can potentially play critical societal roles in the way they partner with civil society organisations, groupings, and movements. The chapter concludes with emerging lessons, recommendations, and policy implications.</p> 30 00 <p>While the inner city of Johannesburg in South Africa exhibits a considerable decline and disarray, it is simultaneously a site attracting investment, infrastructural change, and growth. An enabling and democratic space for multistakeholder partnerships is therefore vital, particularly one that is inclusive, mutually benefitting, and reflecting local validity. Drawing on the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) as an analytical framework, the chapter explores the actions of a particular civil society organisation, the Makers Valley Partnership (MVP), that has established relations with several universities and entities to further sustainable development within Johannesburg’s inner city. In these endeavours, a systematic, participatory approach to enhance the coproduction of knowledge is advocated. The latter could address uneven power dynamics as evident in previous ways of working and thus help to attain the SDGs. With respect to collaborations between civil society and public libraries, the key concern here is whether such alliances can be meaningfully built to achieve a common goal. It is argued that libraries can potentially play critical societal roles in the way they partner with civil society organisations, groupings, and movements. The chapter concludes with emerging lessons, recommendations, and policy implications.</p> 10 03 06 10.36615/9781776402304-09 Chapter 01 01 9. The Role of the Library in Actualising United Nation Sustainable Development Goals in South Africa 1 A01 21 0000-0003-0836-6317 Olawumi O. Sadare Olawumi O. Sadare 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 2 A01 21 0000-0001-7755-5125 Kapil Moothi Kapil Moothi 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 3 A01 21 0000-0003-1475-0745 Michael O. Daramola Michael O. Daramola 40 00g0p6g84 University of Pretoria 03 00 <p>This chapter critically reflects on the potential roles of South African libraries in facilitating the actualisation of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the United Nations (UN). The implemented UN 2030 Agenda is all-encompassing, facilitating financial, environmental, and communal growth. The attainment of these SDGs will be via an inclusive agenda, leaving no-one behind. Libraries are major institutions that could assist universities to achieve the SDGs by playing a critical role in research and education. The society that is privileged to have unlimited, but controlled access to information will do well in eliminating inequity, in developing sustainable strategies for food security, in adopting quality inclusive education, and in supporting public health. In addition, the society will place more value on research and innovations. To achieve the purpose of this study, a critical review of literature was conducted. Therefore, this chapter highlights some expectations of librarians during this era of knowledge economy. It also highlights possible challenges that libraries could be facing in meeting such expectations due to the unprecedented Covid-19 pandemic. Furthermore, this chapter emphasises the significance of governments’ partnerships and national support to realise the inclusion of access to information, and individual access to information and communication technology (ICT) in the UN 2030 Agenda. Additionally, suggestions on how government can support libraries in meeting its expectations towards attaining the SDGs, are recommended. Conclusively, effective partnerships have become a crucial part of library management in the attainment of the SDGs.</p> 30 00 <p>This chapter critically reflects on the potential roles of South African libraries in facilitating the actualisation of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the United Nations (UN). The implemented UN 2030 Agenda is all-encompassing, facilitating financial, environmental, and communal growth. The attainment of these SDGs will be via an inclusive agenda, leaving no-one behind. Libraries are major institutions that could assist universities to achieve the SDGs by playing a critical role in research and education. The society that is privileged to have unlimited, but controlled access to information will do well in eliminating inequity, in developing sustainable strategies for food security, in adopting quality inclusive education, and in supporting public health. In addition, the society will place more value on research and innovations. To achieve the purpose of this study, a critical review of literature was conducted. Therefore, this chapter highlights some expectations of librarians during this era of knowledge economy. It also highlights possible challenges that libraries could be facing in meeting such expectations due to the unprecedented Covid-19 pandemic. Furthermore, this chapter emphasises the significance of governments’ partnerships and national support to realise the inclusion of access to information, and individual access to information and communication technology (ICT) in the UN 2030 Agenda. Additionally, suggestions on how government can support libraries in meeting its expectations towards attaining the SDGs, are recommended. Conclusively, effective partnerships have become a crucial part of library management in the attainment of the SDGs.</p> 11 03 06 10.36615/9781776402304-10 Chapter 01 01 10. Virtual Information Services During the Covid-19 Pandemic in Makerere University Library, Uganda 1 A01 21 0000-0003-0206-4342 Ruth Nalumaga Ruth Nalumaga 40 03dmz0111 Makerere University 2 A01 21 0000-0002-7362-8355 Helen Byamugisha Helen Byamugisha 40 03dmz0111 Makerere University 3 A01 21 0000-0002-2949-1697 Caroline Kobusingye Caroline Kobusingye 40 03dmz0111 Makerere University 4 A01 21 0000-0002-0374-6073 Patrick Sekikome Patrick Sekikome 40 03dmz0111 Makerere University 03 00 <p>The unprecedented outbreak of Covid-19 led to disruptions in all aspects of life and the economy. Total and partial closures have characterised the pandemic period to contain the spread of the epidemic. Higher education institutions have devised new forms of existence. With the increasing mutations of the virus, coupled with slow vaccination rollouts in Uganda, e-learning remains the practical pedagogy, while electronic information resources are the vital support for learning and research in these circumstances. During the first lockdown, in April 2020, the library carried out a qualitative study on both frontline library staff and academic users. The aim of the study was to understand the experiences of use of electronic resources during the pandemic period. Among the observations of the study was a total decline in downloads from institutional subscriptions of up to about 20% in the year 2020. This finding was troubling, given prior assumptions that lockdowns would boost e-resources’ uptake. Furthermore, while the library website and its aggregator tools had traditionally been assumed to be key access points for institutional resources, the study showed that most respondents preferred Google Scholar and not the library discovery tool, as their preferred a key search interface. While Google Scholar worked perfectly on campus within permissible IP ranges, off campus access, as determined by the pandemic period, required a remote access tool. As such, respondents who utilised Google Scholar, experienced marked differences in the levels of access while outside the university network. Thus, the findings revealed that the library website was not the first point of recourse for most users and that this particularly affected the utilisation of e-resources. This chapter, therefore, highlights efforts to improve the use of e-resources through augmenting the website with interactive and other applications. It includes, but are not limited to, a subscription to another remote access system (MyLOFT – My Library on Finger Tips), which enables users to remotely access the library’s electronic resources, using their personal accounts and internet from anywhere with more flexibility. Zoom accounts have been established for blended information literacy trainings, complemented by social media platforms, especially WhatsApp and Twitter to facilitate seamless communication. Nevertheless, while the transition to virtual engagement offers opportunities, there are challenges as well. This chapter has chronicled and analysed the mediated undertakings of the Makerere University Library’s ICT to maintain accessibility, visibility, and relevance in the face of physical isolation. It is based on the experiences of staff members at the frontline, coupled with observations of the library’s social media feeds. It could be deduced that the adoption and acceleration of technological tools in the context of the pandemic were perceived as a case of <em>rising to the occasion</em>, while social media platforms were recognised as ‘useful’ and ‘easy to use’ (Davis 1989:320) in bridging distance and isolation.</p> 30 00 <p>The unprecedented outbreak of Covid-19 led to disruptions in all aspects of life and the economy. Total and partial closures have characterised the pandemic period to contain the spread of the epidemic. Higher education institutions have devised new forms of existence. With the increasing mutations of the virus, coupled with slow vaccination rollouts in Uganda, e-learning remains the practical pedagogy, while electronic information resources are the vital support for learning and research in these circumstances. During the first lockdown, in April 2020, the library carried out a qualitative study on both frontline library staff and academic users. The aim of the study was to understand the experiences of use of electronic resources during the pandemic period. Among the observations of the study was a total decline in downloads from institutional subscriptions of up to about 20% in the year 2020. This finding was troubling, given prior assumptions that lockdowns would boost e-resources’ uptake. Furthermore, while the library website and its aggregator tools had traditionally been assumed to be key access points for institutional resources, the study showed that most respondents preferred Google Scholar and not the library discovery tool, as their preferred a key search interface. While Google Scholar worked perfectly on campus within permissible IP ranges, off campus access, as determined by the pandemic period, required a remote access tool. As such, respondents who utilised Google Scholar, experienced marked differences in the levels of access while outside the university network. Thus, the findings revealed that the library website was not the first point of recourse for most users and that this particularly affected the utilisation of e-resources. This chapter, therefore, highlights efforts to improve the use of e-resources through augmenting the website with interactive and other applications. It includes, but are not limited to, a subscription to another remote access system (MyLOFT – My Library on Finger Tips), which enables users to remotely access the library’s electronic resources, using their personal accounts and internet from anywhere with more flexibility. Zoom accounts have been established for blended information literacy trainings, complemented by social media platforms, especially WhatsApp and Twitter to facilitate seamless communication. Nevertheless, while the transition to virtual engagement offers opportunities, there are challenges as well. This chapter has chronicled and analysed the mediated undertakings of the Makerere University Library’s ICT to maintain accessibility, visibility, and relevance in the face of physical isolation. It is based on the experiences of staff members at the frontline, coupled with observations of the library’s social media feeds. It could be deduced that the adoption and acceleration of technological tools in the context of the pandemic were perceived as a case of <em>rising to the occasion</em>, while social media platforms were recognised as ‘useful’ and ‘easy to use’ (Davis 1989:320) in bridging distance and isolation.</p> 12 03 06 10.36615/9781776402304-11 Chapter 01 01 11. The Courage to Lead with Small Things Like Kindness 1 A01 21 0000-0001-5608-5718 Maria Frahm-Arp Maria Frahm-Arp 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 2 A01 21 0000-0003-0393-1233 Nomoya Mahlangu Nomoya Mahlangu 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 3 A01 21 0000-0002-2023-4344 Kgona Matlakala Kgona Matlakala 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 4 A01 21 0000-0003-0949-8549 Ditebogo Mogakane Ditebogo Mogakane 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 5 A01 21 0000-0001-6920-9222 Ivy M. Segoe Ivy M. Segoe 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 03 00 <p>During Covid-19, many people lost loved ones, be they friends or family members, while others struggled with depression, and many felt anxious and overwhelmed. This chapter examines how in the workplace, particularly an academic library, it is possible to offer staff members support as they grieve, deal with depression and/or anxiety, and feel overwhelmed. Drawing on two data sets, the chapter explores how a caring form of leadership was exercised in the library at the University of Johannesburg and what impact this had on the wellbeing of the staff.</p> 30 00 <p>During Covid-19, many people lost loved ones, be they friends or family members, while others struggled with depression, and many felt anxious and overwhelmed. This chapter examines how in the workplace, particularly an academic library, it is possible to offer staff members support as they grieve, deal with depression and/or anxiety, and feel overwhelmed. Drawing on two data sets, the chapter explores how a caring form of leadership was exercised in the library at the University of Johannesburg and what impact this had on the wellbeing of the staff.</p> UJ Press 01 URL https://ujpress.uj.ac.za 01 UJ Press 01 Publisher's website: home page https://ujpress.uj.ac.za/ 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/56 Johannesburg 04 01 20220627 Anette Janse van Vuren 02 WORLD 06 15 9781991223876 06 15 9781776402328 06 15 9781776402311 WORLD 11 OAPEN 36 OAPEN: webpage for this product https://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/59096 29 OAPEN: download the title https://library.oapen.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.12657/59096/9781776402304.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y 20 08 20220627 01 11 DOAB 36 DOAB: webpage for this product https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/93298 20 08 20220627 01 09 UJ Press 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this product https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/56 29 Publisher's website: download the title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/view/56/157/496 20 08 20220627 01 urn:uuid:3246f2c9-be38-43b7-8ae5-ab2c980341f3 03 01 01 thoth-work-id urn:uuid:60b713f7-ea4f-4ed3-a9d4-5bd8399683ad 01 thoth-publication-id urn:uuid:3246f2c9-be38-43b7-8ae5-ab2c980341f3 15 9781776402328 06 10.36615/9781776402304 00 EB E113 10 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 01 01 Academic Libraries Reflecting on Crisis, the Fourth Industrial Revolution and the Way Forward 2 B01 21 0000-0001-5279-8286 Anette Janse van Vuren Anette Janse van Vuren 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 3 A01 21 0000-0001-5608-5718 Maria Frahm-Arp Maria Frahm-Arp 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg Executive Director: Library and Information Centre 4 A01 21 0000-0001-7372-5510 Tshilidzi Marwala Tshilidzi Marwala 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg Vice-Chancellor and Principal 5 A01 21 0000-0001-8831-8643 Kirti Menon Kirti Menon 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg Senior Director: Division for Teaching Excellence 6 A01 21 0000-0002-3705-2467 Angina Parekh Angina Parekh 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg Deputy Vice-Chancellor: Academic 7 A01 21 0000-0003-4634-3925 Saurabh Sinha Saurabh Sinha 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg Deputy Vice-Chancellor: Research and Internationalisation 8 A01 21 0000-0002-0287-3337 Gloria Castrillón Gloria Castrillón 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg Director: Centre for Academic Planning and Quality Promotion in the Division for Teaching Excellence (DTE) 9 A01 21 0000-0003-2754-0296 Dhanjay Jhurry Dhanjay Jhurry 40 00mn8c655 Open University of Mauritius Vice-Chancellor&nbsp; 10 A01 21 0000-0001-5744-2641 Rubina D Rampersad Rubina D Rampersad 40 00mn8c655 Open University of Mauritius Educational Technologist/Senior Educational Technologist at the Centre for Innovative and Lifelong Learning 11 A01 21 0000-0003-4418-5011 Mathew Moyo Mathew Moyo 40 010f1sq29 North-West University Chief Director Library and Information 12 A01 21 0000-0002-6151-7228 Cheryl Peltier-Davis Cheryl Peltier-Davis Senior Librarian: Open Campus Libraries and Information Services 13 A01 21 0000-0003-3662-8433 Jolie Rajah Jolie Rajah Law Librarian: Alma Jordan Library 14 A01 21 0000-0003-0015-2699 Marsha Sherry-Ann Winter Marsha Sherry-Ann Winter Librarian: The Alma Jordan Library 15 A01 21 0000-0001-8081-7739 Lorette Jacobs Lorette Jacobs 40 048cwvf49 University of South Africa Associate Professor: Department of Information Science, College of Human Sciences 16 A01 21 0000-0003-4565-3454 Inolofatseng Lekaba Inolofatseng Lekaba 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg Part-time lecturer: Department of Urban and Regional Planning 17 A01 21 0000-0003-3617-4996 Trynos Gumbo Trynos Gumbo 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg Head of the Department: Town &amp; Regional Planning 18 A01 21 0000-0001-8576-4891 Kammila Naidoo Kammila Naidoo 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg Executive Dean: Faculty of Humanities 19 A01 21 0000-0003-0836-6317 Olawumi O. Sadare Olawumi O. Sadare 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg Postdoctoral Researcher: Department of Chemical Engineering 20 A01 21 0000-0001-7755-5125 Kapil Moothi Kapil Moothi 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg Associate Professor: Department of Chemical Engineering Technology 21 A01 21 0000-0003-1475-0745 Michael O. Daramola Michael O. Daramola 40 00g0p6g84 University of Pretoria Full Professor and Head of Department: Chemical Engineering at the Faculty of Engineering, Built Environment and Information Technology 22 A01 21 0000-0003-0206-4342 Ruth Nalumaga Ruth Nalumaga 40 03dmz0111 Makerere University Academic Librarian 23 A01 21 0000-0002-7362-8355 Helen Byamugisha Helen Byamugisha 40 03dmz0111 Makerere University Associate Library Professor and the University Librarian 24 A01 21 0000-0002-2949-1697 Caroline Kobusingye Caroline Kobusingye 40 03dmz0111 Makerere University National E-Resources Coordinator and Head of the Periodicals Section 25 A01 21 0000-0002-0374-6073 Patrick Sekikome Patrick Sekikome 40 03dmz0111 Makerere University Academic Librarian and Head of the Reference and Circulation Section 26 A01 21 0000-0003-0393-1233 Nomoya Mahlangu Nomoya Mahlangu 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 27 A01 21 0000-0002-2023-4344 Kgona Matlakala Kgona Matlakala 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg Library Assistant: Collection Development in the Library and Information Centre 28 A01 21 0000-0003-0949-8549 Ditebogo Mogakane Ditebogo Mogakane 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg Team Leader: Client Services in the Library and Information Centre 29 A01 21 0000-0001-6920-9222 Ivy M. Segoe Ivy M. Segoe 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg Faculty Librarian in the Library and Information Centre 01 eng 00 230 03 20 4IR 20 Academic Libraries 20 Academic Skills 20 Collaboration 20 Covid-19 20 Digital Transformation 10 EDU001030 20 Fourth Industrial Revolution 93 GL 20 Higher Education 20 Internet of things 20 Leadership 20 Librarian 20 Library Practices 20 Online Learning 20 Pandemic leadership 20 Research 20 SDGs 20 Smart academic libraries 20 Sustainable development goals 20 Teaching and Learning 20 Teaching and Learning 20 Virtual information services 01 06 02 00 As we begin to fundamentally redefine our world, informed through the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) lens, entire industries are gearing up for this disruptive event. 03 00 As we begin to fundamentally redefine our world, informed through the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) lens, entire industries are gearing up for this disruptive event. Library practices have been no exception. With the advent of advanced digital technology, knowledge is becoming more readily accessible. This book focuses on how libraries need to respond, adapt, and transform to become meaningful spaces in our rapidly changing 21st century, within the 4IR and coupled with the restrictions of the pandemic. Tracing the evolution of technology over the centuries, the changing role of the library as a response to disruptions is discussed. View the launch here: href="https://fb.watch/gWWf0ID4wd/">https://fb.watch/gWWf0ID4wd/ 30 00 As we begin to fundamentally redefine our world, informed through the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) lens, entire industries are gearing up for this disruptive event. Library practices have been no exception. With the advent of advanced digital technology, knowledge is becoming more readily accessible. This book focuses on how libraries need to respond, adapt, and transform to become meaningful spaces in our rapidly changing 21st century, within the 4IR and coupled with the restrictions of the pandemic. Tracing the evolution of technology over the centuries, the changing role of the library as a response to disruptions is discussed. View the launch here: href="https://fb.watch/gWWf0ID4wd/">https://fb.watch/gWWf0ID4wd/ 04 00 Preface Anette Janse van Vuren DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9781776402304-00 The Fourth Industrial Revolution and Academic Library Practices Tshilidzi Marwala DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9781776402304-01 Steering and Rowing through a Crisis Pandemic Leadership in Higher Education Kirti Menon, Angina Parekh, Saurabh Sinha DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9781776402304-02 Quality Assuring Unknown Territory Reviewing the University of Johannesburg’s Pandemic Teaching and Learning Approach Kirti Menon, Gloria Castrillón DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9781776402304-03 From Online Learning to Digital Transformation The New University Normal Dhanjay Jhurry , Rubina D Rampersad DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9781776402304-04 The Shifting and Changing Research Landscape and the Academic Librarian’s Response Mathew Moyo DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9781776402304-05 Technologies in Two Academic Libraries During the Covid-19 Pandemic The Case of the Alma Jordan Library and the Open Campus Libraries and Information Services, The University of the West Indies Cheryl Peltier-Davis, Jolie Rajah, Marsha Sherry-Ann Winter DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9781776402304-06 Smart Academic Libraries Possibilities Through the Application of the Internet of Things Lorette Jacobs DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9781776402304-07 On Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals through Coproduction of Knowledge A Case Study of the Makers Valley Partnership Inolofatseng Lekaba, Trynos Gumbo, Kammila Naidoo DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9781776402304-08 The Role of the Library in Actualising United Nation Sustainable Development Goals in South Africa Olawumi O. Sadare, Kapil Moothi, Michael O. Daramola DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9781776402304-09 Virtual Information Services During the Covid-19 Pandemic in Makerere University Library, Uganda Ruth Nalumaga, Helen Byamugisha, Caroline Kobusingye, Patrick Sekikome DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9781776402304-10 The Courage to Lead with Small Things Like Kindness Maria Frahm-Arp, Nomoya Mahlangu, Kgona Matlakala, Ditebogo Mogakane, Ivy M. Segoe DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9781776402304-11 20 00 Open Access 01 00 03 02 https://books.ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/10.36615/9781776402304_frontcover.jpg 1 03 06 10.36615/9781776402304-00 Chapter 01 01 Preface 1 B01 21 0000-0001-5279-8286 Anette Janse van Vuren Anette Janse van Vuren 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 01 eng 03 00 <p>The academic library has for many years been at the heart of universities and by and large managed to develop in tandem with their parent institutions. They have always had an essential role in supporting teaching and learning at higher education institutions. However, since the 1960s, there has also been constant predictions that libraries will become redundant and lately, that they will be changed beyond all recognition. None of these predictions about irrelevance has come true, as libraries, and especially academic libraries, have had to change and adapt to new circumstances and especially new technologies at an ever-increasing rate. The fast rate of change and development started with the digital age or the Third Industrial Revolution and is currently culminating in the disruptive wake of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR), fuelled by the even more disruptive impact of the COVID-19&nbsp;pandemic.</p> 30 00 <p>The academic library has for many years been at the heart of universities and by and large managed to develop in tandem with their parent institutions. They have always had an essential role in supporting teaching and learning at higher education institutions. However, since the 1960s, there has also been constant predictions that libraries will become redundant and lately, that they will be changed beyond all recognition. None of these predictions about irrelevance has come true, as libraries, and especially academic libraries, have had to change and adapt to new circumstances and especially new technologies at an ever-increasing rate. The fast rate of change and development started with the digital age or the Third Industrial Revolution and is currently culminating in the disruptive wake of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR), fuelled by the even more disruptive impact of the COVID-19&nbsp;pandemic.</p> 2 03 06 10.36615/9781776402304-01 Chapter 01 01 1. The Fourth Industrial Revolution and Academic Library Practices 1 A01 21 0000-0001-7372-5510 Tshilidzi Marwala Tshilidzi Marwala 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 03 00 <p>As we begin to fundamentally redefine our world, informed through the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) lens, entire industries are gearing up for this disruptive event. Library practices have been no exception. With the advent of advanced digital technology, knowledge is becoming more readily accessible. This chapter focuses on how libraries need to respond, adapt, and transform to become meaningful spaces in our rapidly changing 21^st century, within the 4IR and coupled with the restrictions of the pandemic. Tracing the evolution of technology over the centuries, the changing role of the library as a response to disruptions is discussed.</p> 30 00 <p>As we begin to fundamentally redefine our world, informed through the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) lens, entire industries are gearing up for this disruptive event. Library practices have been no exception. With the advent of advanced digital technology, knowledge is becoming more readily accessible. This chapter focuses on how libraries need to respond, adapt, and transform to become meaningful spaces in our rapidly changing 21^st century, within the 4IR and coupled with the restrictions of the pandemic. Tracing the evolution of technology over the centuries, the changing role of the library as a response to disruptions is discussed.</p> 3 03 06 10.36615/9781776402304-02 Chapter 01 01 2. Steering and Rowing through a Crisis Pandemic Leadership in Higher Education 1 A01 21 0000-0001-8831-8643 Kirti Menon Kirti Menon 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 2 A01 21 0000-0002-3705-2467 Angina Parekh Angina Parekh 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 3 A01 21 0000-0003-4634-3925 Saurabh Sinha Saurabh Sinha 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 03 00 <p>Navigating the ‘new normal’ imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, requires agile and effective leadership to guide the South African higher education institutions through a looming crisis that would affect teaching, learning, and research indefinitely. In this new academic year (2021), lessons and insights from this experience can be identified and articulated for their impact on prospects and possibilities for leadership. This chapter uses the experience of the University of Johannesburg to describe the strategies which were used to support the transition to emergency remote teaching, the management processes that underpinned the transition, and the factors informing future efforts to bolster institutions against crises. It furthermore focuses the attention on the pedagogical implications of the response to the pandemic alongside the new demands which were placed on a higher education landscape that was already mired in complexity, scarcity, and change. The strategies used to chart an alternative path for universities through the pandemic will continue to inform the development of new pedagogies, learning modalities, and management strategies to support navigating through an increasingly uncertain and unpredictable global landscape.</p> 30 00 <p>Navigating the ‘new normal’ imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, requires agile and effective leadership to guide the South African higher education institutions through a looming crisis that would affect teaching, learning, and research indefinitely. In this new academic year (2021), lessons and insights from this experience can be identified and articulated for their impact on prospects and possibilities for leadership. This chapter uses the experience of the University of Johannesburg to describe the strategies which were used to support the transition to emergency remote teaching, the management processes that underpinned the transition, and the factors informing future efforts to bolster institutions against crises. It furthermore focuses the attention on the pedagogical implications of the response to the pandemic alongside the new demands which were placed on a higher education landscape that was already mired in complexity, scarcity, and change. The strategies used to chart an alternative path for universities through the pandemic will continue to inform the development of new pedagogies, learning modalities, and management strategies to support navigating through an increasingly uncertain and unpredictable global landscape.</p> 4 03 06 10.36615/9781776402304-03 Chapter 01 01 3. Quality Assuring Unknown Territory Reviewing the University of Johannesburg’s Pandemic Teaching and Learning Approach 1 A01 21 0000-0001-8831-8643 Kirti Menon Kirti Menon 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 2 A01 21 0000-0002-0287-3337 Gloria Castrillón Gloria Castrillón 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 03 00 <p>The declaration of COVID-19 as a pandemic by the World Health Organisation saw billions of students around the world unable to attend classes. On 15 March 2020, President Cyril Ramaphosa declared a national disaster and ‘lockdown,’ impacting every aspect of life, as the country shut down for 21 days and all educational institutions closed. The University of Johannesburg (UJ), one of 26 South African universities, with a total student population of 50,000 students was no exception. In this chapter, the authors critically reflect on the university’s review of what has been termed education’s ‘new normal’ and the findings related to the experiences of remote teaching and learning. UJ exhibits a deeply held commitment to social justice, equity, access, and excellence, and these values remained paramount during the course of the pandemic. In changing modalities to emergency remote teaching, using online and electronic platforms, UJ ensured the uninterrupted continuation of its academic and social justice goals. The UJ management approved a quality assurance process that was specifically developed to assess the implementation of Emergency Remote Teaching (ERT). The QA review addressed the period of remote teaching and learning from 15 March 2020 to 31 July 2020, which was the first semester. The intention of the review was to identify and share areas of good practice across the university, and to identify areas in which additional support may be needed, especially during the next phase of teaching, and considering the uncertainties surrounding the trajectory of the pandemic. To achieve this dual mandate, the review focused on the effectiveness of the transition to ERT and through an extensive process, which included reviews of modules online, interviews with academics, support structures, and other data analyses, the authors reflect and distil findings from the review report on ERT.</p> 30 00 <p>The declaration of COVID-19 as a pandemic by the World Health Organisation saw billions of students around the world unable to attend classes. On 15 March 2020, President Cyril Ramaphosa declared a national disaster and ‘lockdown,’ impacting every aspect of life, as the country shut down for 21 days and all educational institutions closed. The University of Johannesburg (UJ), one of 26 South African universities, with a total student population of 50,000 students was no exception. In this chapter, the authors critically reflect on the university’s review of what has been termed education’s ‘new normal’ and the findings related to the experiences of remote teaching and learning. UJ exhibits a deeply held commitment to social justice, equity, access, and excellence, and these values remained paramount during the course of the pandemic. In changing modalities to emergency remote teaching, using online and electronic platforms, UJ ensured the uninterrupted continuation of its academic and social justice goals. The UJ management approved a quality assurance process that was specifically developed to assess the implementation of Emergency Remote Teaching (ERT). The QA review addressed the period of remote teaching and learning from 15 March 2020 to 31 July 2020, which was the first semester. The intention of the review was to identify and share areas of good practice across the university, and to identify areas in which additional support may be needed, especially during the next phase of teaching, and considering the uncertainties surrounding the trajectory of the pandemic. To achieve this dual mandate, the review focused on the effectiveness of the transition to ERT and through an extensive process, which included reviews of modules online, interviews with academics, support structures, and other data analyses, the authors reflect and distil findings from the review report on ERT.</p> 5 03 06 10.36615/9781776402304-04 Chapter 01 01 4. From Online Learning to Digital Transformation The New University Normal 1 A01 21 0000-0003-2754-0296 Dhanjay Jhurry Dhanjay Jhurry 40 00mn8c655 Open University of Mauritius 2 A01 21 0000-0001-5744-2641 Rubina D Rampersad Rubina D Rampersad 40 00mn8c655 Open University of Mauritius 03 00 <p>The advent of the worldwide web and progress in the information and communication technologies in the 1990s have boosted online learning and the use of digital platforms. The transformation of the web from a repository of hypertext documents to a highly interactive communication medium, accompanied by a shift in learning theory from the traditional educational theory of behaviourism to that of cognitivism and constructivism supported by technology and tools such as digital libraries, has immensely contributed to the effectiveness of online learning, the benefits of which are now unchallenged. The adoption of online learning requires a well-structured approach and continuous adaptation to a fast-changing environment. This chapter expands on the University of Mauritius’ experience in moving from distance education to online delivery through the training of staff and investment in infrastructure, in particular stressing the role played by the Centre for Innovative and Lifelong Learning, the Centre for Information Technology and Systems, and the digital library in that transformation, in addition to the quality assurance mechanisms which are put in place.</p> 30 00 <p>The advent of the worldwide web and progress in the information and communication technologies in the 1990s have boosted online learning and the use of digital platforms. The transformation of the web from a repository of hypertext documents to a highly interactive communication medium, accompanied by a shift in learning theory from the traditional educational theory of behaviourism to that of cognitivism and constructivism supported by technology and tools such as digital libraries, has immensely contributed to the effectiveness of online learning, the benefits of which are now unchallenged. The adoption of online learning requires a well-structured approach and continuous adaptation to a fast-changing environment. This chapter expands on the University of Mauritius’ experience in moving from distance education to online delivery through the training of staff and investment in infrastructure, in particular stressing the role played by the Centre for Innovative and Lifelong Learning, the Centre for Information Technology and Systems, and the digital library in that transformation, in addition to the quality assurance mechanisms which are put in place.</p> 6 03 06 10.36615/9781776402304-05 Chapter 01 01 5. The Shifting and Changing Research Landscape and the Academic Librarian’s Response 1 A01 21 0000-0003-4418-5011 Mathew Moyo Mathew Moyo 40 010f1sq29 North-West University 03 00 <p>Research is increasingly changing due to among other reasons, technological advancement, funding models or policies, the general transitions on the international scene and lately, the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19). The dawn of COVID-19 has particularly transformed the conduct of research. Apparently, both opportunities and constraints are emanating from this epoch which researchers and academic librarians have to embrace. The study was conducted as a literature review to gather data for the study on how the research landscape is shifting in order to determine ways in which academic librarians could best serve researchers. Adequate research support is key to success in academia because research institutions are also ranked on the level and quality of their research output on ranking platforms. The author argues that the changing research landscape transforms the role of the academic librarian. The study findings indicate that trajectories in research have modified the role of the academic librarian from a supporter through collections and training, to a partner in the entire research life cycle. Suffice to say, any change process bears challenges which academic librarians may encounter in their quest to promote research, and these were determined in this chapter. The chapter ends with some insights about new and innovative ideas for the further promotion of research. The study adds value in understanding the trajectories in conducting research, and what academic librarians need to do in light of the changes, for the benefit of research.</p> 30 00 <p>Research is increasingly changing due to among other reasons, technological advancement, funding models or policies, the general transitions on the international scene and lately, the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19). The dawn of COVID-19 has particularly transformed the conduct of research. Apparently, both opportunities and constraints are emanating from this epoch which researchers and academic librarians have to embrace. The study was conducted as a literature review to gather data for the study on how the research landscape is shifting in order to determine ways in which academic librarians could best serve researchers. Adequate research support is key to success in academia because research institutions are also ranked on the level and quality of their research output on ranking platforms. The author argues that the changing research landscape transforms the role of the academic librarian. The study findings indicate that trajectories in research have modified the role of the academic librarian from a supporter through collections and training, to a partner in the entire research life cycle. Suffice to say, any change process bears challenges which academic librarians may encounter in their quest to promote research, and these were determined in this chapter. The chapter ends with some insights about new and innovative ideas for the further promotion of research. The study adds value in understanding the trajectories in conducting research, and what academic librarians need to do in light of the changes, for the benefit of research.</p> 7 03 06 10.36615/9781776402304-06 Chapter 01 01 6. Technologies in Two Academic Libraries During the Covid-19 Pandemic The Case of the Alma Jordan Library and the Open Campus Libraries and Information Services, The University of the West Indies 1 A01 21 0000-0002-6151-7228 Cheryl Peltier-Davis Cheryl Peltier-Davis 2 A01 21 0000-0003-3662-8433 Jolie Rajah Jolie Rajah 3 A01 21 0000-0003-0015-2699 Marsha Sherry-Ann Winter Marsha Sherry-Ann Winter 03 00 <p>The global COVID-19 pandemic has ushered in a new environment described as the ‘new normal,’ changing the way people live, learn, work, and communicate. Academic libraries have followed the lead of other sectors – business, government, health, and education – in adopting Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) technologies to re-engineer operations and re-image services which are supportive of teaching, learning, and research. This chapter presents case studies that highlight existing and potential applications of 4IR technologies at two academic libraries in the Caribbean, the Alma Jordan Library (AJL) and Open Campus Libraries and Information Services at The University of the West Indies. The chapter discusses the short-term implementation of an artificial intelligence-driven digital assistant responsive to first-line reference and research queries at the AJL and explores the future potential deployment of 4IR technologies such as augmented and virtual reality, robotics, the internet of things, and 3D printing in academic libraries to enhance experiential teaching and learning experiences. The chapter concludes by showing how academic libraries’ adoption of a best practice model can enable the seamless integration of 4IR technologies into programmes, products, and services.</p> 30 00 <p>The global COVID-19 pandemic has ushered in a new environment described as the ‘new normal,’ changing the way people live, learn, work, and communicate. Academic libraries have followed the lead of other sectors – business, government, health, and education – in adopting Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) technologies to re-engineer operations and re-image services which are supportive of teaching, learning, and research. This chapter presents case studies that highlight existing and potential applications of 4IR technologies at two academic libraries in the Caribbean, the Alma Jordan Library (AJL) and Open Campus Libraries and Information Services at The University of the West Indies. The chapter discusses the short-term implementation of an artificial intelligence-driven digital assistant responsive to first-line reference and research queries at the AJL and explores the future potential deployment of 4IR technologies such as augmented and virtual reality, robotics, the internet of things, and 3D printing in academic libraries to enhance experiential teaching and learning experiences. The chapter concludes by showing how academic libraries’ adoption of a best practice model can enable the seamless integration of 4IR technologies into programmes, products, and services.</p> 8 03 06 10.36615/9781776402304-07 Chapter 01 01 7. Smart Academic Libraries Possibilities Through the Application of the Internet of Things 1 A01 21 0000-0001-8081-7739 Lorette Jacobs Lorette Jacobs 40 048cwvf49 University of South Africa 03 00 <p>Internet of Things (IoT) technologies provide the opportunity for hybrid and digital academic libraries to move towards offering smart library services and access to resources. Within the context of higher education, smart academic libraries are new generation libraries that utilise smart technologies to offer library services and access to resources that are innovative, creative, and infused in technological advancements. Within the context of the Covid-19 pandemic, many higher education institutions revised their modes of teaching and learning towards a hybrid, blended, or even online approach. This forced academic libraries to consider alternative ways of offering information services and resource support. One of these alternatives relates to the use of IoT technologies to create smart academic libraries that can offer varied services and resources, using radio-frequency identification technology, sensors, cloud computing, and artificial intelligence. By following a bricolage design within the constructs of interpretivism, views from different authors were considered to propose an IoT architecture and possibilities towards promoting smart academic libraries. The conceptual relatives theory was used to propose ways in which IoT technologies can be utilised to apply smart technologies, develop smart users, offer smart services, and promote smart governance in an endeavour to reconstruct academic library services that are intelligent, flexible, autonomous, and adaptive. It is envisaged that smart academic libraries will support the creation of a teaching and learning environment where students, academics, and researchers can acquire competencies towards personal and professional growth and development.</p> 30 00 <p>Internet of Things (IoT) technologies provide the opportunity for hybrid and digital academic libraries to move towards offering smart library services and access to resources. Within the context of higher education, smart academic libraries are new generation libraries that utilise smart technologies to offer library services and access to resources that are innovative, creative, and infused in technological advancements. Within the context of the Covid-19 pandemic, many higher education institutions revised their modes of teaching and learning towards a hybrid, blended, or even online approach. This forced academic libraries to consider alternative ways of offering information services and resource support. One of these alternatives relates to the use of IoT technologies to create smart academic libraries that can offer varied services and resources, using radio-frequency identification technology, sensors, cloud computing, and artificial intelligence. By following a bricolage design within the constructs of interpretivism, views from different authors were considered to propose an IoT architecture and possibilities towards promoting smart academic libraries. The conceptual relatives theory was used to propose ways in which IoT technologies can be utilised to apply smart technologies, develop smart users, offer smart services, and promote smart governance in an endeavour to reconstruct academic library services that are intelligent, flexible, autonomous, and adaptive. It is envisaged that smart academic libraries will support the creation of a teaching and learning environment where students, academics, and researchers can acquire competencies towards personal and professional growth and development.</p> 9 03 06 10.36615/9781776402304-08 Chapter 01 01 8. On Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals through Coproduction of Knowledge A Case Study of the Makers Valley Partnership 1 A01 21 0000-0003-4565-3454 Inolofatseng Lekaba Inolofatseng Lekaba 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 2 A01 21 0000-0003-3617-4996 Trynos Gumbo Trynos Gumbo 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 3 A01 21 0000-0001-8576-4891 Kammila Naidoo Kammila Naidoo 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 03 00 <p>While the inner city of Johannesburg in South Africa exhibits a considerable decline and disarray, it is simultaneously a site attracting investment, infrastructural change, and growth. An enabling and democratic space for multistakeholder partnerships is therefore vital, particularly one that is inclusive, mutually benefitting, and reflecting local validity. Drawing on the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) as an analytical framework, the chapter explores the actions of a particular civil society organisation, the Makers Valley Partnership (MVP), that has established relations with several universities and entities to further sustainable development within Johannesburg’s inner city. In these endeavours, a systematic, participatory approach to enhance the coproduction of knowledge is advocated. The latter could address uneven power dynamics as evident in previous ways of working and thus help to attain the SDGs. With respect to collaborations between civil society and public libraries, the key concern here is whether such alliances can be meaningfully built to achieve a common goal. It is argued that libraries can potentially play critical societal roles in the way they partner with civil society organisations, groupings, and movements. The chapter concludes with emerging lessons, recommendations, and policy implications.</p> 30 00 <p>While the inner city of Johannesburg in South Africa exhibits a considerable decline and disarray, it is simultaneously a site attracting investment, infrastructural change, and growth. An enabling and democratic space for multistakeholder partnerships is therefore vital, particularly one that is inclusive, mutually benefitting, and reflecting local validity. Drawing on the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) as an analytical framework, the chapter explores the actions of a particular civil society organisation, the Makers Valley Partnership (MVP), that has established relations with several universities and entities to further sustainable development within Johannesburg’s inner city. In these endeavours, a systematic, participatory approach to enhance the coproduction of knowledge is advocated. The latter could address uneven power dynamics as evident in previous ways of working and thus help to attain the SDGs. With respect to collaborations between civil society and public libraries, the key concern here is whether such alliances can be meaningfully built to achieve a common goal. It is argued that libraries can potentially play critical societal roles in the way they partner with civil society organisations, groupings, and movements. The chapter concludes with emerging lessons, recommendations, and policy implications.</p> 10 03 06 10.36615/9781776402304-09 Chapter 01 01 9. The Role of the Library in Actualising United Nation Sustainable Development Goals in South Africa 1 A01 21 0000-0003-0836-6317 Olawumi O. Sadare Olawumi O. Sadare 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 2 A01 21 0000-0001-7755-5125 Kapil Moothi Kapil Moothi 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 3 A01 21 0000-0003-1475-0745 Michael O. Daramola Michael O. Daramola 40 00g0p6g84 University of Pretoria 03 00 <p>This chapter critically reflects on the potential roles of South African libraries in facilitating the actualisation of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the United Nations (UN). The implemented UN 2030 Agenda is all-encompassing, facilitating financial, environmental, and communal growth. The attainment of these SDGs will be via an inclusive agenda, leaving no-one behind. Libraries are major institutions that could assist universities to achieve the SDGs by playing a critical role in research and education. The society that is privileged to have unlimited, but controlled access to information will do well in eliminating inequity, in developing sustainable strategies for food security, in adopting quality inclusive education, and in supporting public health. In addition, the society will place more value on research and innovations. To achieve the purpose of this study, a critical review of literature was conducted. Therefore, this chapter highlights some expectations of librarians during this era of knowledge economy. It also highlights possible challenges that libraries could be facing in meeting such expectations due to the unprecedented Covid-19 pandemic. Furthermore, this chapter emphasises the significance of governments’ partnerships and national support to realise the inclusion of access to information, and individual access to information and communication technology (ICT) in the UN 2030 Agenda. Additionally, suggestions on how government can support libraries in meeting its expectations towards attaining the SDGs, are recommended. Conclusively, effective partnerships have become a crucial part of library management in the attainment of the SDGs.</p> 30 00 <p>This chapter critically reflects on the potential roles of South African libraries in facilitating the actualisation of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the United Nations (UN). The implemented UN 2030 Agenda is all-encompassing, facilitating financial, environmental, and communal growth. The attainment of these SDGs will be via an inclusive agenda, leaving no-one behind. Libraries are major institutions that could assist universities to achieve the SDGs by playing a critical role in research and education. The society that is privileged to have unlimited, but controlled access to information will do well in eliminating inequity, in developing sustainable strategies for food security, in adopting quality inclusive education, and in supporting public health. In addition, the society will place more value on research and innovations. To achieve the purpose of this study, a critical review of literature was conducted. Therefore, this chapter highlights some expectations of librarians during this era of knowledge economy. It also highlights possible challenges that libraries could be facing in meeting such expectations due to the unprecedented Covid-19 pandemic. Furthermore, this chapter emphasises the significance of governments’ partnerships and national support to realise the inclusion of access to information, and individual access to information and communication technology (ICT) in the UN 2030 Agenda. Additionally, suggestions on how government can support libraries in meeting its expectations towards attaining the SDGs, are recommended. Conclusively, effective partnerships have become a crucial part of library management in the attainment of the SDGs.</p> 11 03 06 10.36615/9781776402304-10 Chapter 01 01 10. Virtual Information Services During the Covid-19 Pandemic in Makerere University Library, Uganda 1 A01 21 0000-0003-0206-4342 Ruth Nalumaga Ruth Nalumaga 40 03dmz0111 Makerere University 2 A01 21 0000-0002-7362-8355 Helen Byamugisha Helen Byamugisha 40 03dmz0111 Makerere University 3 A01 21 0000-0002-2949-1697 Caroline Kobusingye Caroline Kobusingye 40 03dmz0111 Makerere University 4 A01 21 0000-0002-0374-6073 Patrick Sekikome Patrick Sekikome 40 03dmz0111 Makerere University 03 00 <p>The unprecedented outbreak of Covid-19 led to disruptions in all aspects of life and the economy. Total and partial closures have characterised the pandemic period to contain the spread of the epidemic. Higher education institutions have devised new forms of existence. With the increasing mutations of the virus, coupled with slow vaccination rollouts in Uganda, e-learning remains the practical pedagogy, while electronic information resources are the vital support for learning and research in these circumstances. During the first lockdown, in April 2020, the library carried out a qualitative study on both frontline library staff and academic users. The aim of the study was to understand the experiences of use of electronic resources during the pandemic period. Among the observations of the study was a total decline in downloads from institutional subscriptions of up to about 20% in the year 2020. This finding was troubling, given prior assumptions that lockdowns would boost e-resources’ uptake. Furthermore, while the library website and its aggregator tools had traditionally been assumed to be key access points for institutional resources, the study showed that most respondents preferred Google Scholar and not the library discovery tool, as their preferred a key search interface. While Google Scholar worked perfectly on campus within permissible IP ranges, off campus access, as determined by the pandemic period, required a remote access tool. As such, respondents who utilised Google Scholar, experienced marked differences in the levels of access while outside the university network. Thus, the findings revealed that the library website was not the first point of recourse for most users and that this particularly affected the utilisation of e-resources. This chapter, therefore, highlights efforts to improve the use of e-resources through augmenting the website with interactive and other applications. It includes, but are not limited to, a subscription to another remote access system (MyLOFT – My Library on Finger Tips), which enables users to remotely access the library’s electronic resources, using their personal accounts and internet from anywhere with more flexibility. Zoom accounts have been established for blended information literacy trainings, complemented by social media platforms, especially WhatsApp and Twitter to facilitate seamless communication. Nevertheless, while the transition to virtual engagement offers opportunities, there are challenges as well. This chapter has chronicled and analysed the mediated undertakings of the Makerere University Library’s ICT to maintain accessibility, visibility, and relevance in the face of physical isolation. It is based on the experiences of staff members at the frontline, coupled with observations of the library’s social media feeds. It could be deduced that the adoption and acceleration of technological tools in the context of the pandemic were perceived as a case of <em>rising to the occasion</em>, while social media platforms were recognised as ‘useful’ and ‘easy to use’ (Davis 1989:320) in bridging distance and isolation.</p> 30 00 <p>The unprecedented outbreak of Covid-19 led to disruptions in all aspects of life and the economy. Total and partial closures have characterised the pandemic period to contain the spread of the epidemic. Higher education institutions have devised new forms of existence. With the increasing mutations of the virus, coupled with slow vaccination rollouts in Uganda, e-learning remains the practical pedagogy, while electronic information resources are the vital support for learning and research in these circumstances. During the first lockdown, in April 2020, the library carried out a qualitative study on both frontline library staff and academic users. The aim of the study was to understand the experiences of use of electronic resources during the pandemic period. Among the observations of the study was a total decline in downloads from institutional subscriptions of up to about 20% in the year 2020. This finding was troubling, given prior assumptions that lockdowns would boost e-resources’ uptake. Furthermore, while the library website and its aggregator tools had traditionally been assumed to be key access points for institutional resources, the study showed that most respondents preferred Google Scholar and not the library discovery tool, as their preferred a key search interface. While Google Scholar worked perfectly on campus within permissible IP ranges, off campus access, as determined by the pandemic period, required a remote access tool. As such, respondents who utilised Google Scholar, experienced marked differences in the levels of access while outside the university network. Thus, the findings revealed that the library website was not the first point of recourse for most users and that this particularly affected the utilisation of e-resources. This chapter, therefore, highlights efforts to improve the use of e-resources through augmenting the website with interactive and other applications. It includes, but are not limited to, a subscription to another remote access system (MyLOFT – My Library on Finger Tips), which enables users to remotely access the library’s electronic resources, using their personal accounts and internet from anywhere with more flexibility. Zoom accounts have been established for blended information literacy trainings, complemented by social media platforms, especially WhatsApp and Twitter to facilitate seamless communication. Nevertheless, while the transition to virtual engagement offers opportunities, there are challenges as well. This chapter has chronicled and analysed the mediated undertakings of the Makerere University Library’s ICT to maintain accessibility, visibility, and relevance in the face of physical isolation. It is based on the experiences of staff members at the frontline, coupled with observations of the library’s social media feeds. It could be deduced that the adoption and acceleration of technological tools in the context of the pandemic were perceived as a case of <em>rising to the occasion</em>, while social media platforms were recognised as ‘useful’ and ‘easy to use’ (Davis 1989:320) in bridging distance and isolation.</p> 12 03 06 10.36615/9781776402304-11 Chapter 01 01 11. The Courage to Lead with Small Things Like Kindness 1 A01 21 0000-0001-5608-5718 Maria Frahm-Arp Maria Frahm-Arp 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 2 A01 21 0000-0003-0393-1233 Nomoya Mahlangu Nomoya Mahlangu 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 3 A01 21 0000-0002-2023-4344 Kgona Matlakala Kgona Matlakala 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 4 A01 21 0000-0003-0949-8549 Ditebogo Mogakane Ditebogo Mogakane 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 5 A01 21 0000-0001-6920-9222 Ivy M. Segoe Ivy M. Segoe 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 03 00 <p>During Covid-19, many people lost loved ones, be they friends or family members, while others struggled with depression, and many felt anxious and overwhelmed. This chapter examines how in the workplace, particularly an academic library, it is possible to offer staff members support as they grieve, deal with depression and/or anxiety, and feel overwhelmed. Drawing on two data sets, the chapter explores how a caring form of leadership was exercised in the library at the University of Johannesburg and what impact this had on the wellbeing of the staff.</p> 30 00 <p>During Covid-19, many people lost loved ones, be they friends or family members, while others struggled with depression, and many felt anxious and overwhelmed. This chapter examines how in the workplace, particularly an academic library, it is possible to offer staff members support as they grieve, deal with depression and/or anxiety, and feel overwhelmed. Drawing on two data sets, the chapter explores how a caring form of leadership was exercised in the library at the University of Johannesburg and what impact this had on the wellbeing of the staff.</p> UJ Press 01 URL https://ujpress.uj.ac.za 01 UJ Press 01 Publisher's website: home page https://ujpress.uj.ac.za/ 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/56 Johannesburg 04 01 20220627 Anette Janse van Vuren 02 WORLD 06 15 9781991223876 06 15 9781776402304 06 15 9781776402311 WORLD 09 UJ Press 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this product https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/56 29 Publisher's website: download the title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/view/56/160/498 20 08 20220627 01 urn:uuid:70d99af5-2cf5-4da8-9c03-15d1f5e5edd3 03 01 01 thoth-work-id urn:uuid:60b713f7-ea4f-4ed3-a9d4-5bd8399683ad 01 thoth-publication-id urn:uuid:70d99af5-2cf5-4da8-9c03-15d1f5e5edd3 15 9781776402311 06 10.36615/9781776402304 00 EB E101 10 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 01 01 Academic Libraries Reflecting on Crisis, the Fourth Industrial Revolution and the Way Forward 2 B01 21 0000-0001-5279-8286 Anette Janse van Vuren Anette Janse van Vuren 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 3 A01 21 0000-0001-5608-5718 Maria Frahm-Arp Maria Frahm-Arp 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg Executive Director: Library and Information Centre 4 A01 21 0000-0001-7372-5510 Tshilidzi Marwala Tshilidzi Marwala 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg Vice-Chancellor and Principal 5 A01 21 0000-0001-8831-8643 Kirti Menon Kirti Menon 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg Senior Director: Division for Teaching Excellence 6 A01 21 0000-0002-3705-2467 Angina Parekh Angina Parekh 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg Deputy Vice-Chancellor: Academic 7 A01 21 0000-0003-4634-3925 Saurabh Sinha Saurabh Sinha 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg Deputy Vice-Chancellor: Research and Internationalisation 8 A01 21 0000-0002-0287-3337 Gloria Castrillón Gloria Castrillón 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg Director: Centre for Academic Planning and Quality Promotion in the Division for Teaching Excellence (DTE) 9 A01 21 0000-0003-2754-0296 Dhanjay Jhurry Dhanjay Jhurry 40 00mn8c655 Open University of Mauritius Vice-Chancellor&nbsp; 10 A01 21 0000-0001-5744-2641 Rubina D Rampersad Rubina D Rampersad 40 00mn8c655 Open University of Mauritius Educational Technologist/Senior Educational Technologist at the Centre for Innovative and Lifelong Learning 11 A01 21 0000-0003-4418-5011 Mathew Moyo Mathew Moyo 40 010f1sq29 North-West University Chief Director Library and Information 12 A01 21 0000-0002-6151-7228 Cheryl Peltier-Davis Cheryl Peltier-Davis Senior Librarian: Open Campus Libraries and Information Services 13 A01 21 0000-0003-3662-8433 Jolie Rajah Jolie Rajah Law Librarian: Alma Jordan Library 14 A01 21 0000-0003-0015-2699 Marsha Sherry-Ann Winter Marsha Sherry-Ann Winter Librarian: The Alma Jordan Library 15 A01 21 0000-0001-8081-7739 Lorette Jacobs Lorette Jacobs 40 048cwvf49 University of South Africa Associate Professor: Department of Information Science, College of Human Sciences 16 A01 21 0000-0003-4565-3454 Inolofatseng Lekaba Inolofatseng Lekaba 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg Part-time lecturer: Department of Urban and Regional Planning 17 A01 21 0000-0003-3617-4996 Trynos Gumbo Trynos Gumbo 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg Head of the Department: Town &amp; Regional Planning 18 A01 21 0000-0001-8576-4891 Kammila Naidoo Kammila Naidoo 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg Executive Dean: Faculty of Humanities 19 A01 21 0000-0003-0836-6317 Olawumi O. Sadare Olawumi O. Sadare 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg Postdoctoral Researcher: Department of Chemical Engineering 20 A01 21 0000-0001-7755-5125 Kapil Moothi Kapil Moothi 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg Associate Professor: Department of Chemical Engineering Technology 21 A01 21 0000-0003-1475-0745 Michael O. Daramola Michael O. Daramola 40 00g0p6g84 University of Pretoria Full Professor and Head of Department: Chemical Engineering at the Faculty of Engineering, Built Environment and Information Technology 22 A01 21 0000-0003-0206-4342 Ruth Nalumaga Ruth Nalumaga 40 03dmz0111 Makerere University Academic Librarian 23 A01 21 0000-0002-7362-8355 Helen Byamugisha Helen Byamugisha 40 03dmz0111 Makerere University Associate Library Professor and the University Librarian 24 A01 21 0000-0002-2949-1697 Caroline Kobusingye Caroline Kobusingye 40 03dmz0111 Makerere University National E-Resources Coordinator and Head of the Periodicals Section 25 A01 21 0000-0002-0374-6073 Patrick Sekikome Patrick Sekikome 40 03dmz0111 Makerere University Academic Librarian and Head of the Reference and Circulation Section 26 A01 21 0000-0003-0393-1233 Nomoya Mahlangu Nomoya Mahlangu 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 27 A01 21 0000-0002-2023-4344 Kgona Matlakala Kgona Matlakala 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg Library Assistant: Collection Development in the Library and Information Centre 28 A01 21 0000-0003-0949-8549 Ditebogo Mogakane Ditebogo Mogakane 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg Team Leader: Client Services in the Library and Information Centre 29 A01 21 0000-0001-6920-9222 Ivy M. Segoe Ivy M. Segoe 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg Faculty Librarian in the Library and Information Centre 01 eng 00 230 03 20 4IR 20 Academic Libraries 20 Academic Skills 20 Collaboration 20 Covid-19 20 Digital Transformation 10 EDU001030 20 Fourth Industrial Revolution 93 GL 20 Higher Education 20 Internet of things 20 Leadership 20 Librarian 20 Library Practices 20 Online Learning 20 Pandemic leadership 20 Research 20 SDGs 20 Smart academic libraries 20 Sustainable development goals 20 Teaching and Learning 20 Teaching and Learning 20 Virtual information services 01 06 02 00 As we begin to fundamentally redefine our world, informed through the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) lens, entire industries are gearing up for this disruptive event. 03 00 As we begin to fundamentally redefine our world, informed through the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) lens, entire industries are gearing up for this disruptive event. Library practices have been no exception. With the advent of advanced digital technology, knowledge is becoming more readily accessible. This book focuses on how libraries need to respond, adapt, and transform to become meaningful spaces in our rapidly changing 21st century, within the 4IR and coupled with the restrictions of the pandemic. Tracing the evolution of technology over the centuries, the changing role of the library as a response to disruptions is discussed. View the launch here: href="https://fb.watch/gWWf0ID4wd/">https://fb.watch/gWWf0ID4wd/ 30 00 As we begin to fundamentally redefine our world, informed through the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) lens, entire industries are gearing up for this disruptive event. Library practices have been no exception. With the advent of advanced digital technology, knowledge is becoming more readily accessible. This book focuses on how libraries need to respond, adapt, and transform to become meaningful spaces in our rapidly changing 21st century, within the 4IR and coupled with the restrictions of the pandemic. Tracing the evolution of technology over the centuries, the changing role of the library as a response to disruptions is discussed. View the launch here: href="https://fb.watch/gWWf0ID4wd/">https://fb.watch/gWWf0ID4wd/ 04 00 Preface Anette Janse van Vuren DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9781776402304-00 The Fourth Industrial Revolution and Academic Library Practices Tshilidzi Marwala DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9781776402304-01 Steering and Rowing through a Crisis Pandemic Leadership in Higher Education Kirti Menon, Angina Parekh, Saurabh Sinha DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9781776402304-02 Quality Assuring Unknown Territory Reviewing the University of Johannesburg’s Pandemic Teaching and Learning Approach Kirti Menon, Gloria Castrillón DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9781776402304-03 From Online Learning to Digital Transformation The New University Normal Dhanjay Jhurry , Rubina D Rampersad DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9781776402304-04 The Shifting and Changing Research Landscape and the Academic Librarian’s Response Mathew Moyo DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9781776402304-05 Technologies in Two Academic Libraries During the Covid-19 Pandemic The Case of the Alma Jordan Library and the Open Campus Libraries and Information Services, The University of the West Indies Cheryl Peltier-Davis, Jolie Rajah, Marsha Sherry-Ann Winter DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9781776402304-06 Smart Academic Libraries Possibilities Through the Application of the Internet of Things Lorette Jacobs DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9781776402304-07 On Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals through Coproduction of Knowledge A Case Study of the Makers Valley Partnership Inolofatseng Lekaba, Trynos Gumbo, Kammila Naidoo DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9781776402304-08 The Role of the Library in Actualising United Nation Sustainable Development Goals in South Africa Olawumi O. Sadare, Kapil Moothi, Michael O. Daramola DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9781776402304-09 Virtual Information Services During the Covid-19 Pandemic in Makerere University Library, Uganda Ruth Nalumaga, Helen Byamugisha, Caroline Kobusingye, Patrick Sekikome DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9781776402304-10 The Courage to Lead with Small Things Like Kindness Maria Frahm-Arp, Nomoya Mahlangu, Kgona Matlakala, Ditebogo Mogakane, Ivy M. Segoe DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9781776402304-11 20 00 Open Access 01 00 03 02 https://books.ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/10.36615/9781776402304_frontcover.jpg 1 03 06 10.36615/9781776402304-00 Chapter 01 01 Preface 1 B01 21 0000-0001-5279-8286 Anette Janse van Vuren Anette Janse van Vuren 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 01 eng 03 00 <p>The academic library has for many years been at the heart of universities and by and large managed to develop in tandem with their parent institutions. They have always had an essential role in supporting teaching and learning at higher education institutions. However, since the 1960s, there has also been constant predictions that libraries will become redundant and lately, that they will be changed beyond all recognition. None of these predictions about irrelevance has come true, as libraries, and especially academic libraries, have had to change and adapt to new circumstances and especially new technologies at an ever-increasing rate. The fast rate of change and development started with the digital age or the Third Industrial Revolution and is currently culminating in the disruptive wake of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR), fuelled by the even more disruptive impact of the COVID-19&nbsp;pandemic.</p> 30 00 <p>The academic library has for many years been at the heart of universities and by and large managed to develop in tandem with their parent institutions. They have always had an essential role in supporting teaching and learning at higher education institutions. However, since the 1960s, there has also been constant predictions that libraries will become redundant and lately, that they will be changed beyond all recognition. None of these predictions about irrelevance has come true, as libraries, and especially academic libraries, have had to change and adapt to new circumstances and especially new technologies at an ever-increasing rate. The fast rate of change and development started with the digital age or the Third Industrial Revolution and is currently culminating in the disruptive wake of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR), fuelled by the even more disruptive impact of the COVID-19&nbsp;pandemic.</p> 2 03 06 10.36615/9781776402304-01 Chapter 01 01 1. The Fourth Industrial Revolution and Academic Library Practices 1 A01 21 0000-0001-7372-5510 Tshilidzi Marwala Tshilidzi Marwala 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 03 00 <p>As we begin to fundamentally redefine our world, informed through the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) lens, entire industries are gearing up for this disruptive event. Library practices have been no exception. With the advent of advanced digital technology, knowledge is becoming more readily accessible. This chapter focuses on how libraries need to respond, adapt, and transform to become meaningful spaces in our rapidly changing 21^st century, within the 4IR and coupled with the restrictions of the pandemic. Tracing the evolution of technology over the centuries, the changing role of the library as a response to disruptions is discussed.</p> 30 00 <p>As we begin to fundamentally redefine our world, informed through the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) lens, entire industries are gearing up for this disruptive event. Library practices have been no exception. With the advent of advanced digital technology, knowledge is becoming more readily accessible. This chapter focuses on how libraries need to respond, adapt, and transform to become meaningful spaces in our rapidly changing 21^st century, within the 4IR and coupled with the restrictions of the pandemic. Tracing the evolution of technology over the centuries, the changing role of the library as a response to disruptions is discussed.</p> 3 03 06 10.36615/9781776402304-02 Chapter 01 01 2. Steering and Rowing through a Crisis Pandemic Leadership in Higher Education 1 A01 21 0000-0001-8831-8643 Kirti Menon Kirti Menon 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 2 A01 21 0000-0002-3705-2467 Angina Parekh Angina Parekh 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 3 A01 21 0000-0003-4634-3925 Saurabh Sinha Saurabh Sinha 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 03 00 <p>Navigating the ‘new normal’ imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, requires agile and effective leadership to guide the South African higher education institutions through a looming crisis that would affect teaching, learning, and research indefinitely. In this new academic year (2021), lessons and insights from this experience can be identified and articulated for their impact on prospects and possibilities for leadership. This chapter uses the experience of the University of Johannesburg to describe the strategies which were used to support the transition to emergency remote teaching, the management processes that underpinned the transition, and the factors informing future efforts to bolster institutions against crises. It furthermore focuses the attention on the pedagogical implications of the response to the pandemic alongside the new demands which were placed on a higher education landscape that was already mired in complexity, scarcity, and change. The strategies used to chart an alternative path for universities through the pandemic will continue to inform the development of new pedagogies, learning modalities, and management strategies to support navigating through an increasingly uncertain and unpredictable global landscape.</p> 30 00 <p>Navigating the ‘new normal’ imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, requires agile and effective leadership to guide the South African higher education institutions through a looming crisis that would affect teaching, learning, and research indefinitely. In this new academic year (2021), lessons and insights from this experience can be identified and articulated for their impact on prospects and possibilities for leadership. This chapter uses the experience of the University of Johannesburg to describe the strategies which were used to support the transition to emergency remote teaching, the management processes that underpinned the transition, and the factors informing future efforts to bolster institutions against crises. It furthermore focuses the attention on the pedagogical implications of the response to the pandemic alongside the new demands which were placed on a higher education landscape that was already mired in complexity, scarcity, and change. The strategies used to chart an alternative path for universities through the pandemic will continue to inform the development of new pedagogies, learning modalities, and management strategies to support navigating through an increasingly uncertain and unpredictable global landscape.</p> 4 03 06 10.36615/9781776402304-03 Chapter 01 01 3. Quality Assuring Unknown Territory Reviewing the University of Johannesburg’s Pandemic Teaching and Learning Approach 1 A01 21 0000-0001-8831-8643 Kirti Menon Kirti Menon 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 2 A01 21 0000-0002-0287-3337 Gloria Castrillón Gloria Castrillón 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 03 00 <p>The declaration of COVID-19 as a pandemic by the World Health Organisation saw billions of students around the world unable to attend classes. On 15 March 2020, President Cyril Ramaphosa declared a national disaster and ‘lockdown,’ impacting every aspect of life, as the country shut down for 21 days and all educational institutions closed. The University of Johannesburg (UJ), one of 26 South African universities, with a total student population of 50,000 students was no exception. In this chapter, the authors critically reflect on the university’s review of what has been termed education’s ‘new normal’ and the findings related to the experiences of remote teaching and learning. UJ exhibits a deeply held commitment to social justice, equity, access, and excellence, and these values remained paramount during the course of the pandemic. In changing modalities to emergency remote teaching, using online and electronic platforms, UJ ensured the uninterrupted continuation of its academic and social justice goals. The UJ management approved a quality assurance process that was specifically developed to assess the implementation of Emergency Remote Teaching (ERT). The QA review addressed the period of remote teaching and learning from 15 March 2020 to 31 July 2020, which was the first semester. The intention of the review was to identify and share areas of good practice across the university, and to identify areas in which additional support may be needed, especially during the next phase of teaching, and considering the uncertainties surrounding the trajectory of the pandemic. To achieve this dual mandate, the review focused on the effectiveness of the transition to ERT and through an extensive process, which included reviews of modules online, interviews with academics, support structures, and other data analyses, the authors reflect and distil findings from the review report on ERT.</p> 30 00 <p>The declaration of COVID-19 as a pandemic by the World Health Organisation saw billions of students around the world unable to attend classes. On 15 March 2020, President Cyril Ramaphosa declared a national disaster and ‘lockdown,’ impacting every aspect of life, as the country shut down for 21 days and all educational institutions closed. The University of Johannesburg (UJ), one of 26 South African universities, with a total student population of 50,000 students was no exception. In this chapter, the authors critically reflect on the university’s review of what has been termed education’s ‘new normal’ and the findings related to the experiences of remote teaching and learning. UJ exhibits a deeply held commitment to social justice, equity, access, and excellence, and these values remained paramount during the course of the pandemic. In changing modalities to emergency remote teaching, using online and electronic platforms, UJ ensured the uninterrupted continuation of its academic and social justice goals. The UJ management approved a quality assurance process that was specifically developed to assess the implementation of Emergency Remote Teaching (ERT). The QA review addressed the period of remote teaching and learning from 15 March 2020 to 31 July 2020, which was the first semester. The intention of the review was to identify and share areas of good practice across the university, and to identify areas in which additional support may be needed, especially during the next phase of teaching, and considering the uncertainties surrounding the trajectory of the pandemic. To achieve this dual mandate, the review focused on the effectiveness of the transition to ERT and through an extensive process, which included reviews of modules online, interviews with academics, support structures, and other data analyses, the authors reflect and distil findings from the review report on ERT.</p> 5 03 06 10.36615/9781776402304-04 Chapter 01 01 4. From Online Learning to Digital Transformation The New University Normal 1 A01 21 0000-0003-2754-0296 Dhanjay Jhurry Dhanjay Jhurry 40 00mn8c655 Open University of Mauritius 2 A01 21 0000-0001-5744-2641 Rubina D Rampersad Rubina D Rampersad 40 00mn8c655 Open University of Mauritius 03 00 <p>The advent of the worldwide web and progress in the information and communication technologies in the 1990s have boosted online learning and the use of digital platforms. The transformation of the web from a repository of hypertext documents to a highly interactive communication medium, accompanied by a shift in learning theory from the traditional educational theory of behaviourism to that of cognitivism and constructivism supported by technology and tools such as digital libraries, has immensely contributed to the effectiveness of online learning, the benefits of which are now unchallenged. The adoption of online learning requires a well-structured approach and continuous adaptation to a fast-changing environment. This chapter expands on the University of Mauritius’ experience in moving from distance education to online delivery through the training of staff and investment in infrastructure, in particular stressing the role played by the Centre for Innovative and Lifelong Learning, the Centre for Information Technology and Systems, and the digital library in that transformation, in addition to the quality assurance mechanisms which are put in place.</p> 30 00 <p>The advent of the worldwide web and progress in the information and communication technologies in the 1990s have boosted online learning and the use of digital platforms. The transformation of the web from a repository of hypertext documents to a highly interactive communication medium, accompanied by a shift in learning theory from the traditional educational theory of behaviourism to that of cognitivism and constructivism supported by technology and tools such as digital libraries, has immensely contributed to the effectiveness of online learning, the benefits of which are now unchallenged. The adoption of online learning requires a well-structured approach and continuous adaptation to a fast-changing environment. This chapter expands on the University of Mauritius’ experience in moving from distance education to online delivery through the training of staff and investment in infrastructure, in particular stressing the role played by the Centre for Innovative and Lifelong Learning, the Centre for Information Technology and Systems, and the digital library in that transformation, in addition to the quality assurance mechanisms which are put in place.</p> 6 03 06 10.36615/9781776402304-05 Chapter 01 01 5. The Shifting and Changing Research Landscape and the Academic Librarian’s Response 1 A01 21 0000-0003-4418-5011 Mathew Moyo Mathew Moyo 40 010f1sq29 North-West University 03 00 <p>Research is increasingly changing due to among other reasons, technological advancement, funding models or policies, the general transitions on the international scene and lately, the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19). The dawn of COVID-19 has particularly transformed the conduct of research. Apparently, both opportunities and constraints are emanating from this epoch which researchers and academic librarians have to embrace. The study was conducted as a literature review to gather data for the study on how the research landscape is shifting in order to determine ways in which academic librarians could best serve researchers. Adequate research support is key to success in academia because research institutions are also ranked on the level and quality of their research output on ranking platforms. The author argues that the changing research landscape transforms the role of the academic librarian. The study findings indicate that trajectories in research have modified the role of the academic librarian from a supporter through collections and training, to a partner in the entire research life cycle. Suffice to say, any change process bears challenges which academic librarians may encounter in their quest to promote research, and these were determined in this chapter. The chapter ends with some insights about new and innovative ideas for the further promotion of research. The study adds value in understanding the trajectories in conducting research, and what academic librarians need to do in light of the changes, for the benefit of research.</p> 30 00 <p>Research is increasingly changing due to among other reasons, technological advancement, funding models or policies, the general transitions on the international scene and lately, the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19). The dawn of COVID-19 has particularly transformed the conduct of research. Apparently, both opportunities and constraints are emanating from this epoch which researchers and academic librarians have to embrace. The study was conducted as a literature review to gather data for the study on how the research landscape is shifting in order to determine ways in which academic librarians could best serve researchers. Adequate research support is key to success in academia because research institutions are also ranked on the level and quality of their research output on ranking platforms. The author argues that the changing research landscape transforms the role of the academic librarian. The study findings indicate that trajectories in research have modified the role of the academic librarian from a supporter through collections and training, to a partner in the entire research life cycle. Suffice to say, any change process bears challenges which academic librarians may encounter in their quest to promote research, and these were determined in this chapter. The chapter ends with some insights about new and innovative ideas for the further promotion of research. The study adds value in understanding the trajectories in conducting research, and what academic librarians need to do in light of the changes, for the benefit of research.</p> 7 03 06 10.36615/9781776402304-06 Chapter 01 01 6. Technologies in Two Academic Libraries During the Covid-19 Pandemic The Case of the Alma Jordan Library and the Open Campus Libraries and Information Services, The University of the West Indies 1 A01 21 0000-0002-6151-7228 Cheryl Peltier-Davis Cheryl Peltier-Davis 2 A01 21 0000-0003-3662-8433 Jolie Rajah Jolie Rajah 3 A01 21 0000-0003-0015-2699 Marsha Sherry-Ann Winter Marsha Sherry-Ann Winter 03 00 <p>The global COVID-19 pandemic has ushered in a new environment described as the ‘new normal,’ changing the way people live, learn, work, and communicate. Academic libraries have followed the lead of other sectors – business, government, health, and education – in adopting Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) technologies to re-engineer operations and re-image services which are supportive of teaching, learning, and research. This chapter presents case studies that highlight existing and potential applications of 4IR technologies at two academic libraries in the Caribbean, the Alma Jordan Library (AJL) and Open Campus Libraries and Information Services at The University of the West Indies. The chapter discusses the short-term implementation of an artificial intelligence-driven digital assistant responsive to first-line reference and research queries at the AJL and explores the future potential deployment of 4IR technologies such as augmented and virtual reality, robotics, the internet of things, and 3D printing in academic libraries to enhance experiential teaching and learning experiences. The chapter concludes by showing how academic libraries’ adoption of a best practice model can enable the seamless integration of 4IR technologies into programmes, products, and services.</p> 30 00 <p>The global COVID-19 pandemic has ushered in a new environment described as the ‘new normal,’ changing the way people live, learn, work, and communicate. Academic libraries have followed the lead of other sectors – business, government, health, and education – in adopting Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) technologies to re-engineer operations and re-image services which are supportive of teaching, learning, and research. This chapter presents case studies that highlight existing and potential applications of 4IR technologies at two academic libraries in the Caribbean, the Alma Jordan Library (AJL) and Open Campus Libraries and Information Services at The University of the West Indies. The chapter discusses the short-term implementation of an artificial intelligence-driven digital assistant responsive to first-line reference and research queries at the AJL and explores the future potential deployment of 4IR technologies such as augmented and virtual reality, robotics, the internet of things, and 3D printing in academic libraries to enhance experiential teaching and learning experiences. The chapter concludes by showing how academic libraries’ adoption of a best practice model can enable the seamless integration of 4IR technologies into programmes, products, and services.</p> 8 03 06 10.36615/9781776402304-07 Chapter 01 01 7. Smart Academic Libraries Possibilities Through the Application of the Internet of Things 1 A01 21 0000-0001-8081-7739 Lorette Jacobs Lorette Jacobs 40 048cwvf49 University of South Africa 03 00 <p>Internet of Things (IoT) technologies provide the opportunity for hybrid and digital academic libraries to move towards offering smart library services and access to resources. Within the context of higher education, smart academic libraries are new generation libraries that utilise smart technologies to offer library services and access to resources that are innovative, creative, and infused in technological advancements. Within the context of the Covid-19 pandemic, many higher education institutions revised their modes of teaching and learning towards a hybrid, blended, or even online approach. This forced academic libraries to consider alternative ways of offering information services and resource support. One of these alternatives relates to the use of IoT technologies to create smart academic libraries that can offer varied services and resources, using radio-frequency identification technology, sensors, cloud computing, and artificial intelligence. By following a bricolage design within the constructs of interpretivism, views from different authors were considered to propose an IoT architecture and possibilities towards promoting smart academic libraries. The conceptual relatives theory was used to propose ways in which IoT technologies can be utilised to apply smart technologies, develop smart users, offer smart services, and promote smart governance in an endeavour to reconstruct academic library services that are intelligent, flexible, autonomous, and adaptive. It is envisaged that smart academic libraries will support the creation of a teaching and learning environment where students, academics, and researchers can acquire competencies towards personal and professional growth and development.</p> 30 00 <p>Internet of Things (IoT) technologies provide the opportunity for hybrid and digital academic libraries to move towards offering smart library services and access to resources. Within the context of higher education, smart academic libraries are new generation libraries that utilise smart technologies to offer library services and access to resources that are innovative, creative, and infused in technological advancements. Within the context of the Covid-19 pandemic, many higher education institutions revised their modes of teaching and learning towards a hybrid, blended, or even online approach. This forced academic libraries to consider alternative ways of offering information services and resource support. One of these alternatives relates to the use of IoT technologies to create smart academic libraries that can offer varied services and resources, using radio-frequency identification technology, sensors, cloud computing, and artificial intelligence. By following a bricolage design within the constructs of interpretivism, views from different authors were considered to propose an IoT architecture and possibilities towards promoting smart academic libraries. The conceptual relatives theory was used to propose ways in which IoT technologies can be utilised to apply smart technologies, develop smart users, offer smart services, and promote smart governance in an endeavour to reconstruct academic library services that are intelligent, flexible, autonomous, and adaptive. It is envisaged that smart academic libraries will support the creation of a teaching and learning environment where students, academics, and researchers can acquire competencies towards personal and professional growth and development.</p> 9 03 06 10.36615/9781776402304-08 Chapter 01 01 8. On Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals through Coproduction of Knowledge A Case Study of the Makers Valley Partnership 1 A01 21 0000-0003-4565-3454 Inolofatseng Lekaba Inolofatseng Lekaba 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 2 A01 21 0000-0003-3617-4996 Trynos Gumbo Trynos Gumbo 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 3 A01 21 0000-0001-8576-4891 Kammila Naidoo Kammila Naidoo 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 03 00 <p>While the inner city of Johannesburg in South Africa exhibits a considerable decline and disarray, it is simultaneously a site attracting investment, infrastructural change, and growth. An enabling and democratic space for multistakeholder partnerships is therefore vital, particularly one that is inclusive, mutually benefitting, and reflecting local validity. Drawing on the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) as an analytical framework, the chapter explores the actions of a particular civil society organisation, the Makers Valley Partnership (MVP), that has established relations with several universities and entities to further sustainable development within Johannesburg’s inner city. In these endeavours, a systematic, participatory approach to enhance the coproduction of knowledge is advocated. The latter could address uneven power dynamics as evident in previous ways of working and thus help to attain the SDGs. With respect to collaborations between civil society and public libraries, the key concern here is whether such alliances can be meaningfully built to achieve a common goal. It is argued that libraries can potentially play critical societal roles in the way they partner with civil society organisations, groupings, and movements. The chapter concludes with emerging lessons, recommendations, and policy implications.</p> 30 00 <p>While the inner city of Johannesburg in South Africa exhibits a considerable decline and disarray, it is simultaneously a site attracting investment, infrastructural change, and growth. An enabling and democratic space for multistakeholder partnerships is therefore vital, particularly one that is inclusive, mutually benefitting, and reflecting local validity. Drawing on the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) as an analytical framework, the chapter explores the actions of a particular civil society organisation, the Makers Valley Partnership (MVP), that has established relations with several universities and entities to further sustainable development within Johannesburg’s inner city. In these endeavours, a systematic, participatory approach to enhance the coproduction of knowledge is advocated. The latter could address uneven power dynamics as evident in previous ways of working and thus help to attain the SDGs. With respect to collaborations between civil society and public libraries, the key concern here is whether such alliances can be meaningfully built to achieve a common goal. It is argued that libraries can potentially play critical societal roles in the way they partner with civil society organisations, groupings, and movements. The chapter concludes with emerging lessons, recommendations, and policy implications.</p> 10 03 06 10.36615/9781776402304-09 Chapter 01 01 9. The Role of the Library in Actualising United Nation Sustainable Development Goals in South Africa 1 A01 21 0000-0003-0836-6317 Olawumi O. Sadare Olawumi O. Sadare 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 2 A01 21 0000-0001-7755-5125 Kapil Moothi Kapil Moothi 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 3 A01 21 0000-0003-1475-0745 Michael O. Daramola Michael O. Daramola 40 00g0p6g84 University of Pretoria 03 00 <p>This chapter critically reflects on the potential roles of South African libraries in facilitating the actualisation of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the United Nations (UN). The implemented UN 2030 Agenda is all-encompassing, facilitating financial, environmental, and communal growth. The attainment of these SDGs will be via an inclusive agenda, leaving no-one behind. Libraries are major institutions that could assist universities to achieve the SDGs by playing a critical role in research and education. The society that is privileged to have unlimited, but controlled access to information will do well in eliminating inequity, in developing sustainable strategies for food security, in adopting quality inclusive education, and in supporting public health. In addition, the society will place more value on research and innovations. To achieve the purpose of this study, a critical review of literature was conducted. Therefore, this chapter highlights some expectations of librarians during this era of knowledge economy. It also highlights possible challenges that libraries could be facing in meeting such expectations due to the unprecedented Covid-19 pandemic. Furthermore, this chapter emphasises the significance of governments’ partnerships and national support to realise the inclusion of access to information, and individual access to information and communication technology (ICT) in the UN 2030 Agenda. Additionally, suggestions on how government can support libraries in meeting its expectations towards attaining the SDGs, are recommended. Conclusively, effective partnerships have become a crucial part of library management in the attainment of the SDGs.</p> 30 00 <p>This chapter critically reflects on the potential roles of South African libraries in facilitating the actualisation of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the United Nations (UN). The implemented UN 2030 Agenda is all-encompassing, facilitating financial, environmental, and communal growth. The attainment of these SDGs will be via an inclusive agenda, leaving no-one behind. Libraries are major institutions that could assist universities to achieve the SDGs by playing a critical role in research and education. The society that is privileged to have unlimited, but controlled access to information will do well in eliminating inequity, in developing sustainable strategies for food security, in adopting quality inclusive education, and in supporting public health. In addition, the society will place more value on research and innovations. To achieve the purpose of this study, a critical review of literature was conducted. Therefore, this chapter highlights some expectations of librarians during this era of knowledge economy. It also highlights possible challenges that libraries could be facing in meeting such expectations due to the unprecedented Covid-19 pandemic. Furthermore, this chapter emphasises the significance of governments’ partnerships and national support to realise the inclusion of access to information, and individual access to information and communication technology (ICT) in the UN 2030 Agenda. Additionally, suggestions on how government can support libraries in meeting its expectations towards attaining the SDGs, are recommended. Conclusively, effective partnerships have become a crucial part of library management in the attainment of the SDGs.</p> 11 03 06 10.36615/9781776402304-10 Chapter 01 01 10. Virtual Information Services During the Covid-19 Pandemic in Makerere University Library, Uganda 1 A01 21 0000-0003-0206-4342 Ruth Nalumaga Ruth Nalumaga 40 03dmz0111 Makerere University 2 A01 21 0000-0002-7362-8355 Helen Byamugisha Helen Byamugisha 40 03dmz0111 Makerere University 3 A01 21 0000-0002-2949-1697 Caroline Kobusingye Caroline Kobusingye 40 03dmz0111 Makerere University 4 A01 21 0000-0002-0374-6073 Patrick Sekikome Patrick Sekikome 40 03dmz0111 Makerere University 03 00 <p>The unprecedented outbreak of Covid-19 led to disruptions in all aspects of life and the economy. Total and partial closures have characterised the pandemic period to contain the spread of the epidemic. Higher education institutions have devised new forms of existence. With the increasing mutations of the virus, coupled with slow vaccination rollouts in Uganda, e-learning remains the practical pedagogy, while electronic information resources are the vital support for learning and research in these circumstances. During the first lockdown, in April 2020, the library carried out a qualitative study on both frontline library staff and academic users. The aim of the study was to understand the experiences of use of electronic resources during the pandemic period. Among the observations of the study was a total decline in downloads from institutional subscriptions of up to about 20% in the year 2020. This finding was troubling, given prior assumptions that lockdowns would boost e-resources’ uptake. Furthermore, while the library website and its aggregator tools had traditionally been assumed to be key access points for institutional resources, the study showed that most respondents preferred Google Scholar and not the library discovery tool, as their preferred a key search interface. While Google Scholar worked perfectly on campus within permissible IP ranges, off campus access, as determined by the pandemic period, required a remote access tool. As such, respondents who utilised Google Scholar, experienced marked differences in the levels of access while outside the university network. Thus, the findings revealed that the library website was not the first point of recourse for most users and that this particularly affected the utilisation of e-resources. This chapter, therefore, highlights efforts to improve the use of e-resources through augmenting the website with interactive and other applications. It includes, but are not limited to, a subscription to another remote access system (MyLOFT – My Library on Finger Tips), which enables users to remotely access the library’s electronic resources, using their personal accounts and internet from anywhere with more flexibility. Zoom accounts have been established for blended information literacy trainings, complemented by social media platforms, especially WhatsApp and Twitter to facilitate seamless communication. Nevertheless, while the transition to virtual engagement offers opportunities, there are challenges as well. This chapter has chronicled and analysed the mediated undertakings of the Makerere University Library’s ICT to maintain accessibility, visibility, and relevance in the face of physical isolation. It is based on the experiences of staff members at the frontline, coupled with observations of the library’s social media feeds. It could be deduced that the adoption and acceleration of technological tools in the context of the pandemic were perceived as a case of <em>rising to the occasion</em>, while social media platforms were recognised as ‘useful’ and ‘easy to use’ (Davis 1989:320) in bridging distance and isolation.</p> 30 00 <p>The unprecedented outbreak of Covid-19 led to disruptions in all aspects of life and the economy. Total and partial closures have characterised the pandemic period to contain the spread of the epidemic. Higher education institutions have devised new forms of existence. With the increasing mutations of the virus, coupled with slow vaccination rollouts in Uganda, e-learning remains the practical pedagogy, while electronic information resources are the vital support for learning and research in these circumstances. During the first lockdown, in April 2020, the library carried out a qualitative study on both frontline library staff and academic users. The aim of the study was to understand the experiences of use of electronic resources during the pandemic period. Among the observations of the study was a total decline in downloads from institutional subscriptions of up to about 20% in the year 2020. This finding was troubling, given prior assumptions that lockdowns would boost e-resources’ uptake. Furthermore, while the library website and its aggregator tools had traditionally been assumed to be key access points for institutional resources, the study showed that most respondents preferred Google Scholar and not the library discovery tool, as their preferred a key search interface. While Google Scholar worked perfectly on campus within permissible IP ranges, off campus access, as determined by the pandemic period, required a remote access tool. As such, respondents who utilised Google Scholar, experienced marked differences in the levels of access while outside the university network. Thus, the findings revealed that the library website was not the first point of recourse for most users and that this particularly affected the utilisation of e-resources. This chapter, therefore, highlights efforts to improve the use of e-resources through augmenting the website with interactive and other applications. It includes, but are not limited to, a subscription to another remote access system (MyLOFT – My Library on Finger Tips), which enables users to remotely access the library’s electronic resources, using their personal accounts and internet from anywhere with more flexibility. Zoom accounts have been established for blended information literacy trainings, complemented by social media platforms, especially WhatsApp and Twitter to facilitate seamless communication. Nevertheless, while the transition to virtual engagement offers opportunities, there are challenges as well. This chapter has chronicled and analysed the mediated undertakings of the Makerere University Library’s ICT to maintain accessibility, visibility, and relevance in the face of physical isolation. It is based on the experiences of staff members at the frontline, coupled with observations of the library’s social media feeds. It could be deduced that the adoption and acceleration of technological tools in the context of the pandemic were perceived as a case of <em>rising to the occasion</em>, while social media platforms were recognised as ‘useful’ and ‘easy to use’ (Davis 1989:320) in bridging distance and isolation.</p> 12 03 06 10.36615/9781776402304-11 Chapter 01 01 11. The Courage to Lead with Small Things Like Kindness 1 A01 21 0000-0001-5608-5718 Maria Frahm-Arp Maria Frahm-Arp 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 2 A01 21 0000-0003-0393-1233 Nomoya Mahlangu Nomoya Mahlangu 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 3 A01 21 0000-0002-2023-4344 Kgona Matlakala Kgona Matlakala 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 4 A01 21 0000-0003-0949-8549 Ditebogo Mogakane Ditebogo Mogakane 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 5 A01 21 0000-0001-6920-9222 Ivy M. Segoe Ivy M. Segoe 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 03 00 <p>During Covid-19, many people lost loved ones, be they friends or family members, while others struggled with depression, and many felt anxious and overwhelmed. This chapter examines how in the workplace, particularly an academic library, it is possible to offer staff members support as they grieve, deal with depression and/or anxiety, and feel overwhelmed. Drawing on two data sets, the chapter explores how a caring form of leadership was exercised in the library at the University of Johannesburg and what impact this had on the wellbeing of the staff.</p> 30 00 <p>During Covid-19, many people lost loved ones, be they friends or family members, while others struggled with depression, and many felt anxious and overwhelmed. This chapter examines how in the workplace, particularly an academic library, it is possible to offer staff members support as they grieve, deal with depression and/or anxiety, and feel overwhelmed. Drawing on two data sets, the chapter explores how a caring form of leadership was exercised in the library at the University of Johannesburg and what impact this had on the wellbeing of the staff.</p> UJ Press 01 URL https://ujpress.uj.ac.za 01 UJ Press 01 Publisher's website: home page https://ujpress.uj.ac.za/ 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/56 Johannesburg 04 01 20220627 Anette Janse van Vuren 02 WORLD 06 15 9781991223876 06 15 9781776402304 06 15 9781776402328 WORLD 09 UJ Press 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this product https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/56 29 Publisher's website: download the title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/view/56/158/497 20 08 20220627 01 urn:uuid:7a97facd-9475-49e6-b9af-a4bdc372029c 03 01 01 thoth-work-id urn:uuid:9e27c2d5-f1c1-4257-bc1b-3ba5382dd6b7 01 thoth-publication-id urn:uuid:7a97facd-9475-49e6-b9af-a4bdc372029c 15 9781776489220 06 10.36615/9781776489237 00 BC 10 01 228 mm 01 22.8 cm 01 8.98 in 02 152 mm 02 15.2 cm 02 5.98 in 03 11 mm 03 1.1 cm 03 0.43 in Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 01 01 Adrianus van Selms Concise versions of his contributions in Dutch and Afrikaans theological journals (1938-82) 1 B06 Hans van Rensburg Hans van Rensburg 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 01 eng 00 210 03 93 2CS 20 Adrianus van Selms 10 FOR002000 01 06 02 00 Adrianus van Selms (1906-1984) was a Dutch pastor (1930-1938) who became senior lecturer and professor in Semitic languages at the University of Pretoria (1938-1972) and lecturer in Biblical archaeology (1938-1962) at the Faculty of Theology of the Nederduitsch Hervormde Kerk van Afrika (Dutch Reformed Church of Africa). 03 00 Adrianus van Selms (1906-1984) was a Dutch pastor (1930-1938) who became senior lecturer and professor in Semitic languages at the University of Pretoria (1938-1972) and lecturer in Biblical archaeology (1938-1962) at the Faculty of Theology of the Nederduitsch Hervormde Kerk van Afrika (Dutch Reformed Church of Africa). He was an acknowledged academic in South Africa and abroad and the author of numerous publications. His books were predominantly in Dutch, but he wrote most of his articles in English, thus they are theoretically accessible to the scholarly public. A number of articles, however, were published in Dutch and Afrikaans, dialects that are less easy to comprehend by those not familiar with the said two languages. The present book is an attempt to overcome the linguistic barrier and to present in a summarised way Van Selms’ contributions in three Dutch journals (Onder Eigen Vaandel, Nederlands Theologish Tijdschrift, and Kerk en Theologie), two academically-orientated Afrikaans journals (Hervormde Teologiese Studies and Acta Classica) and three journals of a more popular nature (Die Hervormer, Pro Veritate and Almanak). In total, 87 separate articles (discussed in 79 sections) of Van Selms receive attention. 30 00 Adrianus van Selms (1906-1984) was a Dutch pastor (1930-1938) who became senior lecturer and professor in Semitic languages at the University of Pretoria (1938-1972) and lecturer in Biblical archaeology (1938-1962) at the Faculty of Theology of the Nederduitsch Hervormde Kerk van Afrika (Dutch Reformed Church of Africa). He was an acknowledged academic in South Africa and abroad and the author of numerous publications. His books were predominantly in Dutch, but he wrote most of his articles in English, thus they are theoretically accessible to the scholarly public. A number of articles, however, were published in Dutch and Afrikaans, dialects that are less easy to comprehend by those not familiar with the said two languages. The present book is an attempt to overcome the linguistic barrier and to present in a summarised way Van Selms’ contributions in three Dutch journals (Onder Eigen Vaandel, Nederlands Theologish Tijdschrift, and Kerk en Theologie), two academically-orientated Afrikaans journals (Hervormde Teologiese Studies and Acta Classica) and three journals of a more popular nature (Die Hervormer, Pro Veritate and Almanak). In total, 87 separate articles (discussed in 79 sections) of Van Selms receive attention. 04 00 1. Orientation 2. Onder Eigen Vaandel 3. Nederlands Theologish Tijdschrift (NTT) 4. Kerk en Theologie 5. Hervormde Teologiese Studies 6. Die Hervormer 7. Almanak 8. Acta Classica 9. Pro Veritate 10. Van Selms’ contributions in context 20 00 Open Access 01 00 03 02 https://books.ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/10.36615/9781776489237_frontcover.jpg UJ Press 01 URL https://ujpress.uj.ac.za 01 UJ Press 01 Publisher's website: home page https://ujpress.uj.ac.za/ 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/223 Johannesburg 04 01 20240501 Hans van Rensburg 02 WORLD 06 15 9781776489237 06 15 9781776489251 06 15 9781776489244 WORLD 09 UJ Press 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this product https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/223 29 Publisher's website: download the title https://www.takealot.com/adrianus-van-selms/PLID96015176 20 08 20240501 02 275.00 ZAR WORLD urn:uuid:4397169c-c112-4dc8-9a49-348307068340 03 01 01 thoth-work-id urn:uuid:9e27c2d5-f1c1-4257-bc1b-3ba5382dd6b7 01 thoth-publication-id urn:uuid:4397169c-c112-4dc8-9a49-348307068340 15 9781776489237 06 10.36615/9781776489237 00 EB E107 10 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 01 01 Adrianus van Selms Concise versions of his contributions in Dutch and Afrikaans theological journals (1938-82) 1 B06 Hans van Rensburg Hans van Rensburg 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 01 eng 00 210 03 93 2CS 20 Adrianus van Selms 10 FOR002000 01 06 02 00 Adrianus van Selms (1906-1984) was a Dutch pastor (1930-1938) who became senior lecturer and professor in Semitic languages at the University of Pretoria (1938-1972) and lecturer in Biblical archaeology (1938-1962) at the Faculty of Theology of the Nederduitsch Hervormde Kerk van Afrika (Dutch Reformed Church of Africa). 03 00 Adrianus van Selms (1906-1984) was a Dutch pastor (1930-1938) who became senior lecturer and professor in Semitic languages at the University of Pretoria (1938-1972) and lecturer in Biblical archaeology (1938-1962) at the Faculty of Theology of the Nederduitsch Hervormde Kerk van Afrika (Dutch Reformed Church of Africa). He was an acknowledged academic in South Africa and abroad and the author of numerous publications. His books were predominantly in Dutch, but he wrote most of his articles in English, thus they are theoretically accessible to the scholarly public. A number of articles, however, were published in Dutch and Afrikaans, dialects that are less easy to comprehend by those not familiar with the said two languages. The present book is an attempt to overcome the linguistic barrier and to present in a summarised way Van Selms’ contributions in three Dutch journals (Onder Eigen Vaandel, Nederlands Theologish Tijdschrift, and Kerk en Theologie), two academically-orientated Afrikaans journals (Hervormde Teologiese Studies and Acta Classica) and three journals of a more popular nature (Die Hervormer, Pro Veritate and Almanak). In total, 87 separate articles (discussed in 79 sections) of Van Selms receive attention. 30 00 Adrianus van Selms (1906-1984) was a Dutch pastor (1930-1938) who became senior lecturer and professor in Semitic languages at the University of Pretoria (1938-1972) and lecturer in Biblical archaeology (1938-1962) at the Faculty of Theology of the Nederduitsch Hervormde Kerk van Afrika (Dutch Reformed Church of Africa). He was an acknowledged academic in South Africa and abroad and the author of numerous publications. His books were predominantly in Dutch, but he wrote most of his articles in English, thus they are theoretically accessible to the scholarly public. A number of articles, however, were published in Dutch and Afrikaans, dialects that are less easy to comprehend by those not familiar with the said two languages. The present book is an attempt to overcome the linguistic barrier and to present in a summarised way Van Selms’ contributions in three Dutch journals (Onder Eigen Vaandel, Nederlands Theologish Tijdschrift, and Kerk en Theologie), two academically-orientated Afrikaans journals (Hervormde Teologiese Studies and Acta Classica) and three journals of a more popular nature (Die Hervormer, Pro Veritate and Almanak). In total, 87 separate articles (discussed in 79 sections) of Van Selms receive attention. 04 00 1. Orientation 2. Onder Eigen Vaandel 3. Nederlands Theologish Tijdschrift (NTT) 4. Kerk en Theologie 5. Hervormde Teologiese Studies 6. Die Hervormer 7. Almanak 8. Acta Classica 9. Pro Veritate 10. Van Selms’ contributions in context 20 00 Open Access 01 00 03 02 https://books.ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/10.36615/9781776489237_frontcover.jpg UJ Press 01 URL https://ujpress.uj.ac.za 01 UJ Press 01 Publisher's website: home page https://ujpress.uj.ac.za/ 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/223 Johannesburg 04 01 20240501 Hans van Rensburg 02 WORLD 06 15 9781776489220 06 15 9781776489251 06 15 9781776489244 WORLD 11 OAPEN 36 OAPEN: webpage for this product https://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/90583 29 OAPEN: download the title https://library.oapen.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.12657/90583/Adrianus+van+Selms.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y 20 08 20240501 01 11 DOAB 36 DOAB: webpage for this product https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/138406 20 08 20240501 01 09 UJ Press 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this product https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/223 29 Publisher's website: download the title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/view/223/736/2770 20 08 20240501 01 11 THOTH 36 THOTH: webpage for this product https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/223 29 THOTH: download the title https://books.ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/10.36615/9781776489237.pdf 20 08 20240501 01 urn:uuid:a3236d51-dfdc-4d09-9d3c-2cd9fdc87393 03 01 01 thoth-work-id urn:uuid:9e27c2d5-f1c1-4257-bc1b-3ba5382dd6b7 01 thoth-publication-id urn:uuid:a3236d51-dfdc-4d09-9d3c-2cd9fdc87393 15 9781776489251 06 10.36615/9781776489237 00 EB E113 10 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 01 01 Adrianus van Selms Concise versions of his contributions in Dutch and Afrikaans theological journals (1938-82) 1 B06 Hans van Rensburg Hans van Rensburg 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 01 eng 00 210 03 93 2CS 20 Adrianus van Selms 10 FOR002000 01 06 02 00 Adrianus van Selms (1906-1984) was a Dutch pastor (1930-1938) who became senior lecturer and professor in Semitic languages at the University of Pretoria (1938-1972) and lecturer in Biblical archaeology (1938-1962) at the Faculty of Theology of the Nederduitsch Hervormde Kerk van Afrika (Dutch Reformed Church of Africa). 03 00 Adrianus van Selms (1906-1984) was a Dutch pastor (1930-1938) who became senior lecturer and professor in Semitic languages at the University of Pretoria (1938-1972) and lecturer in Biblical archaeology (1938-1962) at the Faculty of Theology of the Nederduitsch Hervormde Kerk van Afrika (Dutch Reformed Church of Africa). He was an acknowledged academic in South Africa and abroad and the author of numerous publications. His books were predominantly in Dutch, but he wrote most of his articles in English, thus they are theoretically accessible to the scholarly public. A number of articles, however, were published in Dutch and Afrikaans, dialects that are less easy to comprehend by those not familiar with the said two languages. The present book is an attempt to overcome the linguistic barrier and to present in a summarised way Van Selms’ contributions in three Dutch journals (Onder Eigen Vaandel, Nederlands Theologish Tijdschrift, and Kerk en Theologie), two academically-orientated Afrikaans journals (Hervormde Teologiese Studies and Acta Classica) and three journals of a more popular nature (Die Hervormer, Pro Veritate and Almanak). In total, 87 separate articles (discussed in 79 sections) of Van Selms receive attention. 30 00 Adrianus van Selms (1906-1984) was a Dutch pastor (1930-1938) who became senior lecturer and professor in Semitic languages at the University of Pretoria (1938-1972) and lecturer in Biblical archaeology (1938-1962) at the Faculty of Theology of the Nederduitsch Hervormde Kerk van Afrika (Dutch Reformed Church of Africa). He was an acknowledged academic in South Africa and abroad and the author of numerous publications. His books were predominantly in Dutch, but he wrote most of his articles in English, thus they are theoretically accessible to the scholarly public. A number of articles, however, were published in Dutch and Afrikaans, dialects that are less easy to comprehend by those not familiar with the said two languages. The present book is an attempt to overcome the linguistic barrier and to present in a summarised way Van Selms’ contributions in three Dutch journals (Onder Eigen Vaandel, Nederlands Theologish Tijdschrift, and Kerk en Theologie), two academically-orientated Afrikaans journals (Hervormde Teologiese Studies and Acta Classica) and three journals of a more popular nature (Die Hervormer, Pro Veritate and Almanak). In total, 87 separate articles (discussed in 79 sections) of Van Selms receive attention. 04 00 1. Orientation 2. Onder Eigen Vaandel 3. Nederlands Theologish Tijdschrift (NTT) 4. Kerk en Theologie 5. Hervormde Teologiese Studies 6. Die Hervormer 7. Almanak 8. Acta Classica 9. Pro Veritate 10. Van Selms’ contributions in context 20 00 Open Access 01 00 03 02 https://books.ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/10.36615/9781776489237_frontcover.jpg UJ Press 01 URL https://ujpress.uj.ac.za 01 UJ Press 01 Publisher's website: home page https://ujpress.uj.ac.za/ 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/223 Johannesburg 04 01 20240501 Hans van Rensburg 02 WORLD 06 15 9781776489220 06 15 9781776489237 06 15 9781776489244 WORLD 09 UJ Press 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this product https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/223 29 Publisher's website: download the title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/view/223/738/2772 20 08 20240501 01 urn:uuid:dc299b62-7f64-4103-bde5-7c128e98e8c4 03 01 01 thoth-work-id urn:uuid:9e27c2d5-f1c1-4257-bc1b-3ba5382dd6b7 01 thoth-publication-id urn:uuid:dc299b62-7f64-4103-bde5-7c128e98e8c4 15 9781776489244 06 10.36615/9781776489237 00 EB E101 10 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 01 01 Adrianus van Selms Concise versions of his contributions in Dutch and Afrikaans theological journals (1938-82) 1 B06 Hans van Rensburg Hans van Rensburg 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 01 eng 00 210 03 93 2CS 20 Adrianus van Selms 10 FOR002000 01 06 02 00 Adrianus van Selms (1906-1984) was a Dutch pastor (1930-1938) who became senior lecturer and professor in Semitic languages at the University of Pretoria (1938-1972) and lecturer in Biblical archaeology (1938-1962) at the Faculty of Theology of the Nederduitsch Hervormde Kerk van Afrika (Dutch Reformed Church of Africa). 03 00 Adrianus van Selms (1906-1984) was a Dutch pastor (1930-1938) who became senior lecturer and professor in Semitic languages at the University of Pretoria (1938-1972) and lecturer in Biblical archaeology (1938-1962) at the Faculty of Theology of the Nederduitsch Hervormde Kerk van Afrika (Dutch Reformed Church of Africa). He was an acknowledged academic in South Africa and abroad and the author of numerous publications. His books were predominantly in Dutch, but he wrote most of his articles in English, thus they are theoretically accessible to the scholarly public. A number of articles, however, were published in Dutch and Afrikaans, dialects that are less easy to comprehend by those not familiar with the said two languages. The present book is an attempt to overcome the linguistic barrier and to present in a summarised way Van Selms’ contributions in three Dutch journals (Onder Eigen Vaandel, Nederlands Theologish Tijdschrift, and Kerk en Theologie), two academically-orientated Afrikaans journals (Hervormde Teologiese Studies and Acta Classica) and three journals of a more popular nature (Die Hervormer, Pro Veritate and Almanak). In total, 87 separate articles (discussed in 79 sections) of Van Selms receive attention. 30 00 Adrianus van Selms (1906-1984) was a Dutch pastor (1930-1938) who became senior lecturer and professor in Semitic languages at the University of Pretoria (1938-1972) and lecturer in Biblical archaeology (1938-1962) at the Faculty of Theology of the Nederduitsch Hervormde Kerk van Afrika (Dutch Reformed Church of Africa). He was an acknowledged academic in South Africa and abroad and the author of numerous publications. His books were predominantly in Dutch, but he wrote most of his articles in English, thus they are theoretically accessible to the scholarly public. A number of articles, however, were published in Dutch and Afrikaans, dialects that are less easy to comprehend by those not familiar with the said two languages. The present book is an attempt to overcome the linguistic barrier and to present in a summarised way Van Selms’ contributions in three Dutch journals (Onder Eigen Vaandel, Nederlands Theologish Tijdschrift, and Kerk en Theologie), two academically-orientated Afrikaans journals (Hervormde Teologiese Studies and Acta Classica) and three journals of a more popular nature (Die Hervormer, Pro Veritate and Almanak). In total, 87 separate articles (discussed in 79 sections) of Van Selms receive attention. 04 00 1. Orientation 2. Onder Eigen Vaandel 3. Nederlands Theologish Tijdschrift (NTT) 4. Kerk en Theologie 5. Hervormde Teologiese Studies 6. Die Hervormer 7. Almanak 8. Acta Classica 9. Pro Veritate 10. Van Selms’ contributions in context 20 00 Open Access 01 00 03 02 https://books.ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/10.36615/9781776489237_frontcover.jpg UJ Press 01 URL https://ujpress.uj.ac.za 01 UJ Press 01 Publisher's website: home page https://ujpress.uj.ac.za/ 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/223 Johannesburg 04 01 20240501 Hans van Rensburg 02 WORLD 06 15 9781776489220 06 15 9781776489237 06 15 9781776489251 WORLD 09 UJ Press 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this product https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/223 29 Publisher's website: download the title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/view/223/737/2771 20 08 20240501 01 urn:uuid:e368b5a3-48fd-4e95-87e8-d8c76c8ac927 03 01 01 thoth-work-id urn:uuid:5a3e300f-f3c6-4166-8583-d3c3d5a9eee1 01 thoth-publication-id urn:uuid:e368b5a3-48fd-4e95-87e8-d8c76c8ac927 15 9781776489978 06 10.36615/9781776489985 00 BC 10 01 17 mm 01 1.7 cm 01 0.67 in 02 152 mm 02 15.2 cm 02 5.98 in 03 228 mm 03 22.8 cm 03 8.98 in Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 01 01 A Fair Share Reflecting Essays on Economic Inequality in South Africa 1 B01 21 0000-0003-2325-2828 Nico Keyser Nico Keyser 40 009xwd568 University of the Free State 2 A01 21 0000-0002-9340-5378 Arno J van Niekerk Arno J van Niekerk 40 009xwd568 University of the Free State 3 A01 21 0000-0002-2017-2788 Cecile Duvenhage Cecile Duvenhage 40 009xwd568 University of the Free State 5 A01 21 0000-0003-4074-0284 Ivan van der Merwe Ivan van der Merwe 40 009xwd568 University of the Free State 6 A01 21 0000-0001-9739-5448 Chijioke O. Nwosu Chijioke O. Nwosu 40 009xwd568 University of the Free State 7 A01 21 0000-0001-8457-8261 Johan Coetzee Johan Coetzee 40 009xwd568 University of the Free State 8 A01 Lizelle Janse van Rensburg Lizelle Janse van Rensburg 40 009xwd568 University of the Free State 9 A01 21 0000-0002-2526-231X Justin Visagie Justin Visagie 11 A01 21 0000-0002-0257-1160 Constance Motsitsi Constance Motsitsi 40 009xwd568 University of the Free State 14 A01 21 0000-0002-7311-7598 Frederick Fourie Frederick Fourie 40 009xwd568 University of the Free State 15 A01 21 0000-0002-3533-4671 Celeste Campher Celeste Campher 40 009xwd568 University of the Free State 16 A01 21 0000-0002-7817-8509 Msawenkosi Dlamini Msawenkosi Dlamini 40 04qzfn040 University of KwaZulu-Natal 01 eng 00 314 03 10 BUS069000 20 cities 20 economic inequality 20 income 93 KC 20 South Africa 20 wage 20 wealth 01 06 02 00 “A Fair Share: Reflecting Essays on Economic Inequality in South Africa” explores the multifaceted issue of economic inequality in South Africa, delving into its historical roots, current manifestations, and potential solutions. 03 00 “A Fair Share: Reflecting Essays on Economic Inequality in South Africa” explores the multifaceted issue of economic inequality in South Africa, delving into its historical roots, current manifestations, and potential solutions. Edited by Nico Keyser, the book comprises essays from various experts, addressing topics such as income and wealth disparities, the impact of urbanization, land distribution, the role of banks, service delivery, health inequalities, and education. It aims to provide insights and policy recommendations to foster a more equitable societies Main Themes Economic Disparities and Their Roots Chapters: 1 (Introduction), 2 (Measuring Inequality), 3 (Income and Wealth Inequality), 5 (From Van Riebeeck to Ubuntu: Exploring South Africa’s Land Legacy) Sectoral Analysis of Inequality Chapters: 4 (Cities are at the Centre of South Africa’s Wage Inequalities), 6 (Are Banks Doing Enough to Address Inequality?), 7 (Service Delivery Inequality), 8 (Socioeconomic Inequalities in Health), 9 (Education and Inequality) Policy Recommendations and Future Directions Chapters: 10 (Income Inequality, Employment, and the Informal Sector), 11 (The Case for a ‘Workable’ Basic Income Grant for Addressing Income Inequality), 12 (Economic Inclusion and Inequality), “Why all the fuss about economic inequality? Why does economic inequality matter? Is it just a political theme used to support (or win over) the have-nots?” “The theories on inequality are imperfect and dynamic, and the measurement of inequality is multidimensional.” “The land is thus an example of historical injustices colliding with demands for contemporary fairness.” “At its core, such a state bank is seen by the South African government as a key enabler to address the inequality problem in South Africa as part of their broader developmental policy agenda.” “South Africa is known as one of the countries with the most income inequality globally.” These quotes capture the essence of the discussions in the book, highlighting the critical issues and debates around economic inequality in South Africa. 30 00 “A Fair Share: Reflecting Essays on Economic Inequality in South Africa” explores the multifaceted issue of economic inequality in South Africa, delving into its historical roots, current manifestations, and potential solutions. Edited by Nico Keyser, the book comprises essays from various experts, addressing topics such as income and wealth disparities, the impact of urbanization, land distribution, the role of banks, service delivery, health inequalities, and education. It aims to provide insights and policy recommendations to foster a more equitable societies Main Themes Economic Disparities and Their Roots Chapters: 1 (Introduction), 2 (Measuring Inequality), 3 (Income and Wealth Inequality), 5 (From Van Riebeeck to Ubuntu: Exploring South Africa’s Land Legacy) Sectoral Analysis of Inequality Chapters: 4 (Cities are at the Centre of South Africa’s Wage Inequalities), 6 (Are Banks Doing Enough to Address Inequality?), 7 (Service Delivery Inequality), 8 (Socioeconomic Inequalities in Health), 9 (Education and Inequality) Policy Recommendations and Future Directions Chapters: 10 (Income Inequality, Employment, and the Informal Sector), 11 (The Case for a ‘Workable’ Basic Income Grant for Addressing Income Inequality), 12 (Economic Inclusion and Inequality), “Why all the fuss about economic inequality? Why does economic inequality matter? Is it just a political theme used to support (or win over) the have-nots?” “The theories on inequality are imperfect and dynamic, and the measurement of inequality is multidimensional.” “The land is thus an example of historical injustices colliding with demands for contemporary fairness.” “At its core, such a state bank is seen by the South African government as a key enabler to address the inequality problem in South Africa as part of their broader developmental policy agenda.” “South Africa is known as one of the countries with the most income inequality globally.” These quotes capture the essence of the discussions in the book, highlighting the critical issues and debates around economic inequality in South Africa. 04 00 1. Introduction Nico Keyser 2. Measuring Inequality Cecile Duvenhage 3. Income and Wealth Inequality Ivan van der Merwe 4. Cities are at the Centre of South Africa’s Wage Inequalities Justin Visagie, Msawenkosi Dlamini 5. From Van Riebeeck to Ubuntu: Exploring South Africa’s Land Legacy Lizelle Janse van Rensburg 6. Are Banks Doing Enough to Address Inequality? Johan Coetzee 7. Service Delivery Inequality Constance Motsitsi 8. Socioeconomic Inequalities in Health: The South African Story Chijioke O. Nwosu 9. Education and Inequality Nico Keyser, Cecile Duvenhage 10. Income Inequality, Employment, and the Informal Sector Frederick Fourie 11. The Case for a ‘Workable’ Basic Income Grant for Addressing Income Inequality Celeste Campher 12. Economic Inclusion and Inequality Arno J van Niekerk Conclusion Nico Keyser 20 00 Open Access 01 00 03 02 https://books.ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/10.36615/9781776489985_frontcover.jpg UJ Press 01 URL https://ujpress.uj.ac.za 01 UJ Press 01 Publisher's website: home page https://ujpress.uj.ac.za/ 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/190 Johannesburg 04 01 20241029 Nico Keyser; Arno J van Niekerk, Cecile Duvenhage, Ivan van der Merwe, Chijioke O. Nwosu, Johan Coetzee, Lizelle Janse van Rensburg, Justin Visagie, Constance Motsitsi, Frederick Fourie, Celeste Campher, Msawenkosi Dlamini 02 WORLD 06 15 9781776489985 06 15 9781776490004 06 15 9781776489992 WORLD 11 Unknown 36 Unspecified hosting platform: webpage for this product https://www.amazon.co.za/dp/1776489977 29 Unspecified hosting platform: download the title https://www.amazon.co.za/dp/1776489977 20 08 20241029 02 325.00 ZAR WORLD urn:uuid:d227902a-ccd5-414e-8e1d-10ba57e91a65 03 01 01 thoth-work-id urn:uuid:5a3e300f-f3c6-4166-8583-d3c3d5a9eee1 01 thoth-publication-id urn:uuid:d227902a-ccd5-414e-8e1d-10ba57e91a65 15 9781776489985 06 10.36615/9781776489985 00 EB E107 10 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 01 01 A Fair Share Reflecting Essays on Economic Inequality in South Africa 1 B01 21 0000-0003-2325-2828 Nico Keyser Nico Keyser 40 009xwd568 University of the Free State 2 A01 21 0000-0002-9340-5378 Arno J van Niekerk Arno J van Niekerk 40 009xwd568 University of the Free State 3 A01 21 0000-0002-2017-2788 Cecile Duvenhage Cecile Duvenhage 40 009xwd568 University of the Free State 5 A01 21 0000-0003-4074-0284 Ivan van der Merwe Ivan van der Merwe 40 009xwd568 University of the Free State 6 A01 21 0000-0001-9739-5448 Chijioke O. Nwosu Chijioke O. Nwosu 40 009xwd568 University of the Free State 7 A01 21 0000-0001-8457-8261 Johan Coetzee Johan Coetzee 40 009xwd568 University of the Free State 8 A01 Lizelle Janse van Rensburg Lizelle Janse van Rensburg 40 009xwd568 University of the Free State 9 A01 21 0000-0002-2526-231X Justin Visagie Justin Visagie 11 A01 21 0000-0002-0257-1160 Constance Motsitsi Constance Motsitsi 40 009xwd568 University of the Free State 14 A01 21 0000-0002-7311-7598 Frederick Fourie Frederick Fourie 40 009xwd568 University of the Free State 15 A01 21 0000-0002-3533-4671 Celeste Campher Celeste Campher 40 009xwd568 University of the Free State 16 A01 21 0000-0002-7817-8509 Msawenkosi Dlamini Msawenkosi Dlamini 40 04qzfn040 University of KwaZulu-Natal 01 eng 00 314 03 10 BUS069000 20 cities 20 economic inequality 20 income 93 KC 20 South Africa 20 wage 20 wealth 01 06 02 00 “A Fair Share: Reflecting Essays on Economic Inequality in South Africa” explores the multifaceted issue of economic inequality in South Africa, delving into its historical roots, current manifestations, and potential solutions. 03 00 “A Fair Share: Reflecting Essays on Economic Inequality in South Africa” explores the multifaceted issue of economic inequality in South Africa, delving into its historical roots, current manifestations, and potential solutions. Edited by Nico Keyser, the book comprises essays from various experts, addressing topics such as income and wealth disparities, the impact of urbanization, land distribution, the role of banks, service delivery, health inequalities, and education. It aims to provide insights and policy recommendations to foster a more equitable societies Main Themes Economic Disparities and Their Roots Chapters: 1 (Introduction), 2 (Measuring Inequality), 3 (Income and Wealth Inequality), 5 (From Van Riebeeck to Ubuntu: Exploring South Africa’s Land Legacy) Sectoral Analysis of Inequality Chapters: 4 (Cities are at the Centre of South Africa’s Wage Inequalities), 6 (Are Banks Doing Enough to Address Inequality?), 7 (Service Delivery Inequality), 8 (Socioeconomic Inequalities in Health), 9 (Education and Inequality) Policy Recommendations and Future Directions Chapters: 10 (Income Inequality, Employment, and the Informal Sector), 11 (The Case for a ‘Workable’ Basic Income Grant for Addressing Income Inequality), 12 (Economic Inclusion and Inequality), “Why all the fuss about economic inequality? Why does economic inequality matter? Is it just a political theme used to support (or win over) the have-nots?” “The theories on inequality are imperfect and dynamic, and the measurement of inequality is multidimensional.” “The land is thus an example of historical injustices colliding with demands for contemporary fairness.” “At its core, such a state bank is seen by the South African government as a key enabler to address the inequality problem in South Africa as part of their broader developmental policy agenda.” “South Africa is known as one of the countries with the most income inequality globally.” These quotes capture the essence of the discussions in the book, highlighting the critical issues and debates around economic inequality in South Africa. 30 00 “A Fair Share: Reflecting Essays on Economic Inequality in South Africa” explores the multifaceted issue of economic inequality in South Africa, delving into its historical roots, current manifestations, and potential solutions. Edited by Nico Keyser, the book comprises essays from various experts, addressing topics such as income and wealth disparities, the impact of urbanization, land distribution, the role of banks, service delivery, health inequalities, and education. It aims to provide insights and policy recommendations to foster a more equitable societies Main Themes Economic Disparities and Their Roots Chapters: 1 (Introduction), 2 (Measuring Inequality), 3 (Income and Wealth Inequality), 5 (From Van Riebeeck to Ubuntu: Exploring South Africa’s Land Legacy) Sectoral Analysis of Inequality Chapters: 4 (Cities are at the Centre of South Africa’s Wage Inequalities), 6 (Are Banks Doing Enough to Address Inequality?), 7 (Service Delivery Inequality), 8 (Socioeconomic Inequalities in Health), 9 (Education and Inequality) Policy Recommendations and Future Directions Chapters: 10 (Income Inequality, Employment, and the Informal Sector), 11 (The Case for a ‘Workable’ Basic Income Grant for Addressing Income Inequality), 12 (Economic Inclusion and Inequality), “Why all the fuss about economic inequality? Why does economic inequality matter? Is it just a political theme used to support (or win over) the have-nots?” “The theories on inequality are imperfect and dynamic, and the measurement of inequality is multidimensional.” “The land is thus an example of historical injustices colliding with demands for contemporary fairness.” “At its core, such a state bank is seen by the South African government as a key enabler to address the inequality problem in South Africa as part of their broader developmental policy agenda.” “South Africa is known as one of the countries with the most income inequality globally.” These quotes capture the essence of the discussions in the book, highlighting the critical issues and debates around economic inequality in South Africa. 04 00 1. Introduction Nico Keyser 2. Measuring Inequality Cecile Duvenhage 3. Income and Wealth Inequality Ivan van der Merwe 4. Cities are at the Centre of South Africa’s Wage Inequalities Justin Visagie, Msawenkosi Dlamini 5. From Van Riebeeck to Ubuntu: Exploring South Africa’s Land Legacy Lizelle Janse van Rensburg 6. Are Banks Doing Enough to Address Inequality? Johan Coetzee 7. Service Delivery Inequality Constance Motsitsi 8. Socioeconomic Inequalities in Health: The South African Story Chijioke O. Nwosu 9. Education and Inequality Nico Keyser, Cecile Duvenhage 10. Income Inequality, Employment, and the Informal Sector Frederick Fourie 11. The Case for a ‘Workable’ Basic Income Grant for Addressing Income Inequality Celeste Campher 12. Economic Inclusion and Inequality Arno J van Niekerk Conclusion Nico Keyser 20 00 Open Access 01 00 03 02 https://books.ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/10.36615/9781776489985_frontcover.jpg UJ Press 01 URL https://ujpress.uj.ac.za 01 UJ Press 01 Publisher's website: home page https://ujpress.uj.ac.za/ 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/190 Johannesburg 04 01 20241029 Nico Keyser; Arno J van Niekerk, Cecile Duvenhage, Ivan van der Merwe, Chijioke O. Nwosu, Johan Coetzee, Lizelle Janse van Rensburg, Justin Visagie, Constance Motsitsi, Frederick Fourie, Celeste Campher, Msawenkosi Dlamini 02 WORLD 06 15 9781776489978 06 15 9781776490004 06 15 9781776489992 WORLD 11 OAPEN 36 OAPEN: webpage for this product https://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/99157 29 OAPEN: download the title https://library.oapen.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.12657/99157/9781776489985.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y 20 08 20241029 01 11 DOAB 36 DOAB: webpage for this product https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/153533 20 08 20241029 01 09 UJ Press 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this product https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/190 29 Publisher's website: download the title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/view/190/983/4236 20 08 20241029 01 11 THOTH 36 THOTH: webpage for this product https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/190 29 THOTH: download the title https://books.ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/10.36615/9781776489985.pdf 20 08 20241029 01 urn:uuid:e5a3b497-b6ee-49c9-a997-0b277466f2ac 03 01 01 thoth-work-id urn:uuid:5a3e300f-f3c6-4166-8583-d3c3d5a9eee1 01 thoth-publication-id urn:uuid:e5a3b497-b6ee-49c9-a997-0b277466f2ac 15 9781776490004 06 10.36615/9781776489985 00 EB E113 10 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 01 01 A Fair Share Reflecting Essays on Economic Inequality in South Africa 1 B01 21 0000-0003-2325-2828 Nico Keyser Nico Keyser 40 009xwd568 University of the Free State 2 A01 21 0000-0002-9340-5378 Arno J van Niekerk Arno J van Niekerk 40 009xwd568 University of the Free State 3 A01 21 0000-0002-2017-2788 Cecile Duvenhage Cecile Duvenhage 40 009xwd568 University of the Free State 5 A01 21 0000-0003-4074-0284 Ivan van der Merwe Ivan van der Merwe 40 009xwd568 University of the Free State 6 A01 21 0000-0001-9739-5448 Chijioke O. Nwosu Chijioke O. Nwosu 40 009xwd568 University of the Free State 7 A01 21 0000-0001-8457-8261 Johan Coetzee Johan Coetzee 40 009xwd568 University of the Free State 8 A01 Lizelle Janse van Rensburg Lizelle Janse van Rensburg 40 009xwd568 University of the Free State 9 A01 21 0000-0002-2526-231X Justin Visagie Justin Visagie 11 A01 21 0000-0002-0257-1160 Constance Motsitsi Constance Motsitsi 40 009xwd568 University of the Free State 14 A01 21 0000-0002-7311-7598 Frederick Fourie Frederick Fourie 40 009xwd568 University of the Free State 15 A01 21 0000-0002-3533-4671 Celeste Campher Celeste Campher 40 009xwd568 University of the Free State 16 A01 21 0000-0002-7817-8509 Msawenkosi Dlamini Msawenkosi Dlamini 40 04qzfn040 University of KwaZulu-Natal 01 eng 00 314 03 10 BUS069000 20 cities 20 economic inequality 20 income 93 KC 20 South Africa 20 wage 20 wealth 01 06 02 00 “A Fair Share: Reflecting Essays on Economic Inequality in South Africa” explores the multifaceted issue of economic inequality in South Africa, delving into its historical roots, current manifestations, and potential solutions. 03 00 “A Fair Share: Reflecting Essays on Economic Inequality in South Africa” explores the multifaceted issue of economic inequality in South Africa, delving into its historical roots, current manifestations, and potential solutions. Edited by Nico Keyser, the book comprises essays from various experts, addressing topics such as income and wealth disparities, the impact of urbanization, land distribution, the role of banks, service delivery, health inequalities, and education. It aims to provide insights and policy recommendations to foster a more equitable societies Main Themes Economic Disparities and Their Roots Chapters: 1 (Introduction), 2 (Measuring Inequality), 3 (Income and Wealth Inequality), 5 (From Van Riebeeck to Ubuntu: Exploring South Africa’s Land Legacy) Sectoral Analysis of Inequality Chapters: 4 (Cities are at the Centre of South Africa’s Wage Inequalities), 6 (Are Banks Doing Enough to Address Inequality?), 7 (Service Delivery Inequality), 8 (Socioeconomic Inequalities in Health), 9 (Education and Inequality) Policy Recommendations and Future Directions Chapters: 10 (Income Inequality, Employment, and the Informal Sector), 11 (The Case for a ‘Workable’ Basic Income Grant for Addressing Income Inequality), 12 (Economic Inclusion and Inequality), “Why all the fuss about economic inequality? Why does economic inequality matter? Is it just a political theme used to support (or win over) the have-nots?” “The theories on inequality are imperfect and dynamic, and the measurement of inequality is multidimensional.” “The land is thus an example of historical injustices colliding with demands for contemporary fairness.” “At its core, such a state bank is seen by the South African government as a key enabler to address the inequality problem in South Africa as part of their broader developmental policy agenda.” “South Africa is known as one of the countries with the most income inequality globally.” These quotes capture the essence of the discussions in the book, highlighting the critical issues and debates around economic inequality in South Africa. 30 00 “A Fair Share: Reflecting Essays on Economic Inequality in South Africa” explores the multifaceted issue of economic inequality in South Africa, delving into its historical roots, current manifestations, and potential solutions. Edited by Nico Keyser, the book comprises essays from various experts, addressing topics such as income and wealth disparities, the impact of urbanization, land distribution, the role of banks, service delivery, health inequalities, and education. It aims to provide insights and policy recommendations to foster a more equitable societies Main Themes Economic Disparities and Their Roots Chapters: 1 (Introduction), 2 (Measuring Inequality), 3 (Income and Wealth Inequality), 5 (From Van Riebeeck to Ubuntu: Exploring South Africa’s Land Legacy) Sectoral Analysis of Inequality Chapters: 4 (Cities are at the Centre of South Africa’s Wage Inequalities), 6 (Are Banks Doing Enough to Address Inequality?), 7 (Service Delivery Inequality), 8 (Socioeconomic Inequalities in Health), 9 (Education and Inequality) Policy Recommendations and Future Directions Chapters: 10 (Income Inequality, Employment, and the Informal Sector), 11 (The Case for a ‘Workable’ Basic Income Grant for Addressing Income Inequality), 12 (Economic Inclusion and Inequality), “Why all the fuss about economic inequality? Why does economic inequality matter? Is it just a political theme used to support (or win over) the have-nots?” “The theories on inequality are imperfect and dynamic, and the measurement of inequality is multidimensional.” “The land is thus an example of historical injustices colliding with demands for contemporary fairness.” “At its core, such a state bank is seen by the South African government as a key enabler to address the inequality problem in South Africa as part of their broader developmental policy agenda.” “South Africa is known as one of the countries with the most income inequality globally.” These quotes capture the essence of the discussions in the book, highlighting the critical issues and debates around economic inequality in South Africa. 04 00 1. Introduction Nico Keyser 2. Measuring Inequality Cecile Duvenhage 3. Income and Wealth Inequality Ivan van der Merwe 4. Cities are at the Centre of South Africa’s Wage Inequalities Justin Visagie, Msawenkosi Dlamini 5. From Van Riebeeck to Ubuntu: Exploring South Africa’s Land Legacy Lizelle Janse van Rensburg 6. Are Banks Doing Enough to Address Inequality? Johan Coetzee 7. Service Delivery Inequality Constance Motsitsi 8. Socioeconomic Inequalities in Health: The South African Story Chijioke O. Nwosu 9. Education and Inequality Nico Keyser, Cecile Duvenhage 10. Income Inequality, Employment, and the Informal Sector Frederick Fourie 11. The Case for a ‘Workable’ Basic Income Grant for Addressing Income Inequality Celeste Campher 12. Economic Inclusion and Inequality Arno J van Niekerk Conclusion Nico Keyser 20 00 Open Access 01 00 03 02 https://books.ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/10.36615/9781776489985_frontcover.jpg UJ Press 01 URL https://ujpress.uj.ac.za 01 UJ Press 01 Publisher's website: home page https://ujpress.uj.ac.za/ 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/190 Johannesburg 04 01 20241029 Nico Keyser; Arno J van Niekerk, Cecile Duvenhage, Ivan van der Merwe, Chijioke O. Nwosu, Johan Coetzee, Lizelle Janse van Rensburg, Justin Visagie, Constance Motsitsi, Frederick Fourie, Celeste Campher, Msawenkosi Dlamini 02 WORLD 06 15 9781776489978 06 15 9781776489985 06 15 9781776489992 WORLD 09 UJ Press 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this product https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/190 29 Publisher's website: download the title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/view/190/985/4237 20 08 20241029 01 urn:uuid:f1b9ea1e-1a21-404c-83bc-88ab4768a3b3 03 01 01 thoth-work-id urn:uuid:5a3e300f-f3c6-4166-8583-d3c3d5a9eee1 01 thoth-publication-id urn:uuid:f1b9ea1e-1a21-404c-83bc-88ab4768a3b3 15 9781776489992 06 10.36615/9781776489985 00 EB E101 10 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 01 01 A Fair Share Reflecting Essays on Economic Inequality in South Africa 1 B01 21 0000-0003-2325-2828 Nico Keyser Nico Keyser 40 009xwd568 University of the Free State 2 A01 21 0000-0002-9340-5378 Arno J van Niekerk Arno J van Niekerk 40 009xwd568 University of the Free State 3 A01 21 0000-0002-2017-2788 Cecile Duvenhage Cecile Duvenhage 40 009xwd568 University of the Free State 5 A01 21 0000-0003-4074-0284 Ivan van der Merwe Ivan van der Merwe 40 009xwd568 University of the Free State 6 A01 21 0000-0001-9739-5448 Chijioke O. Nwosu Chijioke O. Nwosu 40 009xwd568 University of the Free State 7 A01 21 0000-0001-8457-8261 Johan Coetzee Johan Coetzee 40 009xwd568 University of the Free State 8 A01 Lizelle Janse van Rensburg Lizelle Janse van Rensburg 40 009xwd568 University of the Free State 9 A01 21 0000-0002-2526-231X Justin Visagie Justin Visagie 11 A01 21 0000-0002-0257-1160 Constance Motsitsi Constance Motsitsi 40 009xwd568 University of the Free State 14 A01 21 0000-0002-7311-7598 Frederick Fourie Frederick Fourie 40 009xwd568 University of the Free State 15 A01 21 0000-0002-3533-4671 Celeste Campher Celeste Campher 40 009xwd568 University of the Free State 16 A01 21 0000-0002-7817-8509 Msawenkosi Dlamini Msawenkosi Dlamini 40 04qzfn040 University of KwaZulu-Natal 01 eng 00 314 03 10 BUS069000 20 cities 20 economic inequality 20 income 93 KC 20 South Africa 20 wage 20 wealth 01 06 02 00 “A Fair Share: Reflecting Essays on Economic Inequality in South Africa” explores the multifaceted issue of economic inequality in South Africa, delving into its historical roots, current manifestations, and potential solutions. 03 00 “A Fair Share: Reflecting Essays on Economic Inequality in South Africa” explores the multifaceted issue of economic inequality in South Africa, delving into its historical roots, current manifestations, and potential solutions. Edited by Nico Keyser, the book comprises essays from various experts, addressing topics such as income and wealth disparities, the impact of urbanization, land distribution, the role of banks, service delivery, health inequalities, and education. It aims to provide insights and policy recommendations to foster a more equitable societies Main Themes Economic Disparities and Their Roots Chapters: 1 (Introduction), 2 (Measuring Inequality), 3 (Income and Wealth Inequality), 5 (From Van Riebeeck to Ubuntu: Exploring South Africa’s Land Legacy) Sectoral Analysis of Inequality Chapters: 4 (Cities are at the Centre of South Africa’s Wage Inequalities), 6 (Are Banks Doing Enough to Address Inequality?), 7 (Service Delivery Inequality), 8 (Socioeconomic Inequalities in Health), 9 (Education and Inequality) Policy Recommendations and Future Directions Chapters: 10 (Income Inequality, Employment, and the Informal Sector), 11 (The Case for a ‘Workable’ Basic Income Grant for Addressing Income Inequality), 12 (Economic Inclusion and Inequality), “Why all the fuss about economic inequality? Why does economic inequality matter? Is it just a political theme used to support (or win over) the have-nots?” “The theories on inequality are imperfect and dynamic, and the measurement of inequality is multidimensional.” “The land is thus an example of historical injustices colliding with demands for contemporary fairness.” “At its core, such a state bank is seen by the South African government as a key enabler to address the inequality problem in South Africa as part of their broader developmental policy agenda.” “South Africa is known as one of the countries with the most income inequality globally.” These quotes capture the essence of the discussions in the book, highlighting the critical issues and debates around economic inequality in South Africa. 30 00 “A Fair Share: Reflecting Essays on Economic Inequality in South Africa” explores the multifaceted issue of economic inequality in South Africa, delving into its historical roots, current manifestations, and potential solutions. Edited by Nico Keyser, the book comprises essays from various experts, addressing topics such as income and wealth disparities, the impact of urbanization, land distribution, the role of banks, service delivery, health inequalities, and education. It aims to provide insights and policy recommendations to foster a more equitable societies Main Themes Economic Disparities and Their Roots Chapters: 1 (Introduction), 2 (Measuring Inequality), 3 (Income and Wealth Inequality), 5 (From Van Riebeeck to Ubuntu: Exploring South Africa’s Land Legacy) Sectoral Analysis of Inequality Chapters: 4 (Cities are at the Centre of South Africa’s Wage Inequalities), 6 (Are Banks Doing Enough to Address Inequality?), 7 (Service Delivery Inequality), 8 (Socioeconomic Inequalities in Health), 9 (Education and Inequality) Policy Recommendations and Future Directions Chapters: 10 (Income Inequality, Employment, and the Informal Sector), 11 (The Case for a ‘Workable’ Basic Income Grant for Addressing Income Inequality), 12 (Economic Inclusion and Inequality), “Why all the fuss about economic inequality? Why does economic inequality matter? Is it just a political theme used to support (or win over) the have-nots?” “The theories on inequality are imperfect and dynamic, and the measurement of inequality is multidimensional.” “The land is thus an example of historical injustices colliding with demands for contemporary fairness.” “At its core, such a state bank is seen by the South African government as a key enabler to address the inequality problem in South Africa as part of their broader developmental policy agenda.” “South Africa is known as one of the countries with the most income inequality globally.” These quotes capture the essence of the discussions in the book, highlighting the critical issues and debates around economic inequality in South Africa. 04 00 1. Introduction Nico Keyser 2. Measuring Inequality Cecile Duvenhage 3. Income and Wealth Inequality Ivan van der Merwe 4. Cities are at the Centre of South Africa’s Wage Inequalities Justin Visagie, Msawenkosi Dlamini 5. From Van Riebeeck to Ubuntu: Exploring South Africa’s Land Legacy Lizelle Janse van Rensburg 6. Are Banks Doing Enough to Address Inequality? Johan Coetzee 7. Service Delivery Inequality Constance Motsitsi 8. Socioeconomic Inequalities in Health: The South African Story Chijioke O. Nwosu 9. Education and Inequality Nico Keyser, Cecile Duvenhage 10. Income Inequality, Employment, and the Informal Sector Frederick Fourie 11. The Case for a ‘Workable’ Basic Income Grant for Addressing Income Inequality Celeste Campher 12. Economic Inclusion and Inequality Arno J van Niekerk Conclusion Nico Keyser 20 00 Open Access 01 00 03 02 https://books.ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/10.36615/9781776489985_frontcover.jpg UJ Press 01 URL https://ujpress.uj.ac.za 01 UJ Press 01 Publisher's website: home page https://ujpress.uj.ac.za/ 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/190 Johannesburg 04 01 20241029 Nico Keyser; Arno J van Niekerk, Cecile Duvenhage, Ivan van der Merwe, Chijioke O. Nwosu, Johan Coetzee, Lizelle Janse van Rensburg, Justin Visagie, Constance Motsitsi, Frederick Fourie, Celeste Campher, Msawenkosi Dlamini 02 WORLD 06 15 9781776489978 06 15 9781776489985 06 15 9781776490004 WORLD 09 UJ Press 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this product https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/190 29 Publisher's website: download the title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/view/190/984/4238 20 08 20241029 01 urn:uuid:378d5c17-9a65-4f3c-a3d8-a6110bd42c37 03 01 01 thoth-work-id urn:uuid:77b794c8-614e-407b-a998-0f4479858b9a 01 thoth-publication-id urn:uuid:378d5c17-9a65-4f3c-a3d8-a6110bd42c37 15 9781920382889 06 10.18820/9781920382896 00 BC 10 01 245 mm 01 24.5 cm 01 9.65 in 02 175 mm 02 17.5 cm 02 6.89 in Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 01 01 A Foreign Voyage - Pacific Maritime Labour Identity, 1840-1890 1 A01 John T. Grider John T. Grider 01 eng 00 334 03 20 Atlantic 20 colonialism 20 colonisation 20 exploration 10 HIS047000 20 History 20 industrialisation 20 inequality 20 justice 20 labour 20 maps 20 mariners 20 maritime 20 migration 93 NH 20 Pacific 20 perspectives 20 sailing 20 sailors 20 ships 20 voyage 01 06 02 00 JOHN GRIDER joined the Institute for Reconciliation and Social Justice at the University of the Free State as a Research Fellow in November 2015. 03 00 JOHN GRIDER joined the Institute for Reconciliation and Social Justice at the University of the Free State as a Research Fellow in November 2015. He recently completed this captivating project, which investigates the complex interplay between gender, class and race sourced from the narratives of men who found themselves working in the transforming Pacific maritime industry during the mid-nineteenth century. 30 00 JOHN GRIDER joined the Institute for Reconciliation and Social Justice at the University of the Free State as a Research Fellow in November 2015. He recently completed this captivating project, which investigates the complex interplay between gender, class and race sourced from the narratives of men who found themselves working in the transforming Pacific maritime industry during the mid-nineteenth century. 04 00 1. The Atlantic origins of Pacific maritime identity 2. Sailing in the Pacific Perceptions and a new Maritime Labour Identity 3. The role of Pacific Islanders in the maritime labour community 4. Asian participation in the Pacific maritime community 5. The Impact of steam power on the Pacific maritime community 20 00 Open Access 01 00 03 02 https://books.ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/10.18820/9781920382896_frontcover.jpg SunBonani Scholar 01 URL https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog 01 UJ Press 01 Publisher's website: home page https://ujpress.uj.ac.za/ 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/72 Johannesburg 04 01 20170424 John T. Grider 02 WORLD 06 15 9781920382896 WORLD 09 UJ Press 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this product https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/72 29 Publisher's website: download the title https://www.takealot.com/a-foreign-voyage/PLID44947932 20 08 20170424 02 390.00 ZAR WORLD urn:uuid:ffdc3c06-e882-4f12-ba47-0c01a126015c 03 01 01 thoth-work-id urn:uuid:77b794c8-614e-407b-a998-0f4479858b9a 01 thoth-publication-id urn:uuid:ffdc3c06-e882-4f12-ba47-0c01a126015c 15 9781920382896 06 10.18820/9781920382896 00 EB E107 10 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 01 01 A Foreign Voyage - Pacific Maritime Labour Identity, 1840-1890 1 A01 John T. Grider John T. Grider 01 eng 00 334 03 20 Atlantic 20 colonialism 20 colonisation 20 exploration 10 HIS047000 20 History 20 industrialisation 20 inequality 20 justice 20 labour 20 maps 20 mariners 20 maritime 20 migration 93 NH 20 Pacific 20 perspectives 20 sailing 20 sailors 20 ships 20 voyage 01 06 02 00 JOHN GRIDER joined the Institute for Reconciliation and Social Justice at the University of the Free State as a Research Fellow in November 2015. 03 00 JOHN GRIDER joined the Institute for Reconciliation and Social Justice at the University of the Free State as a Research Fellow in November 2015. He recently completed this captivating project, which investigates the complex interplay between gender, class and race sourced from the narratives of men who found themselves working in the transforming Pacific maritime industry during the mid-nineteenth century. 30 00 JOHN GRIDER joined the Institute for Reconciliation and Social Justice at the University of the Free State as a Research Fellow in November 2015. He recently completed this captivating project, which investigates the complex interplay between gender, class and race sourced from the narratives of men who found themselves working in the transforming Pacific maritime industry during the mid-nineteenth century. 04 00 1. The Atlantic origins of Pacific maritime identity 2. Sailing in the Pacific Perceptions and a new Maritime Labour Identity 3. The role of Pacific Islanders in the maritime labour community 4. Asian participation in the Pacific maritime community 5. The Impact of steam power on the Pacific maritime community 20 00 Open Access 01 00 03 02 https://books.ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/10.18820/9781920382896_frontcover.jpg SunBonani Scholar 01 URL https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog 01 UJ Press 01 Publisher's website: home page https://ujpress.uj.ac.za/ 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/72 Johannesburg 04 01 20170424 John T. Grider 02 WORLD 06 15 9781920382889 WORLD 11 OAPEN 36 OAPEN: webpage for this product https://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/60642 29 OAPEN: download the title https://library.oapen.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.12657/60642/document.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y 20 08 20170424 01 11 DOAB 36 DOAB: webpage for this product https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/96039 20 08 20170424 01 09 UJ Press 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this product https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/72 29 Publisher's website: download the title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/view/72/388/1356 20 08 20170424 01 11 THOTH 36 THOTH: webpage for this product https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/72 29 THOTH: download the title https://books.ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/10.18820/9781920382896.pdf 20 08 20170424 01 urn:uuid:7d5fe409-1fc1-4eaa-91a6-c11e9b36c517 03 01 01 thoth-work-id urn:uuid:ec5e495b-a292-4b01-b0fe-e6b2a6f48566 01 thoth-publication-id urn:uuid:7d5fe409-1fc1-4eaa-91a6-c11e9b36c517 15 9781776447404 06 10.36615/9781776447411 00 BC 10 01 228 mm 01 22.8 cm 01 8.98 in 02 4 mm 02 0.4 cm 02 0.16 in 03 152 mm 03 15.2 cm 03 5.98 in Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 01 01 African Principles on the Law Applicable to International Commercial Contracts 1 A01 21 0000-0001-8407-9155 Jan L Neels Jan L Neels 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 01 eng 00 77 03 20 African principles 20 international commercial contracts 20 law 10 LAW051000 93 LB 01 06 02 00 This booklet contains the first draft of the envisaged African Principles on the Law Applicable to International Commercial Contracts. 03 00 This booklet contains the first draft of the envisaged African Principles on the Law Applicable to International Commercial Contracts. The proposal could be used by national legislators on the continent and African economic integration organisations, particularly the African Union, in, respectively, domestic legislation and regional or supranational laws of a soft or binding nature. The existence of a reliable transnational legal infrastructure in respect of international commercial law, including commercial private international law, is a prerequisite for investor confidence, inclusive economic growth, sustainable development, and the ultimate alleviation of poverty on the African continent. The instrument may contribute to sustainable growth on a long-term basis. The regulation of private international law of contract is essential to the further development of the African Continental Free Trade Area. Jan L Neels is professor of private international law and director of the Research Centre for Private International Law in Emerging Countries at the University of Johannesburg. 30 00 This booklet contains the first draft of the envisaged African Principles on the Law Applicable to International Commercial Contracts. The proposal could be used by national legislators on the continent and African economic integration organisations, particularly the African Union, in, respectively, domestic legislation and regional or supranational laws of a soft or binding nature. The existence of a reliable transnational legal infrastructure in respect of international commercial law, including commercial private international law, is a prerequisite for investor confidence, inclusive economic growth, sustainable development, and the ultimate alleviation of poverty on the African continent. The instrument may contribute to sustainable growth on a long-term basis. The regulation of private international law of contract is essential to the further development of the African Continental Free Trade Area. Jan L Neels is professor of private international law and director of the Research Centre for Private International Law in Emerging Countries at the University of Johannesburg. 04 00 Introduction African Principles on the Law Applicable to International Commercial Contracts African Principles on the Law Applicable to International Commercial Contracts (with references) Principes africains sur le droit applicable aux contrats commerciaux internationaux Princípios Africanos relativos à Lei Aplicável aos Contratos Comerciais Internacionais 20 00 Open Access 01 00 03 02 https://books.ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/10.36615/9781776447411_frontcover.jpg UJ Press 01 URL https://ujpress.uj.ac.za 01 UJ Press 01 Publisher's website: home page https://ujpress.uj.ac.za/ 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/219 Johannesburg 04 01 20231015 Jan L Neels 02 WORLD 06 15 9781776447411 06 15 9781776447435 06 15 9781776447428 WORLD 09 UJ Press 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this product https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/223 29 Publisher's website: download the title https://www.takealot.com/adrianus-van-selms/PLID96015176 20 08 20231015 02 275.00 ZAR WORLD urn:uuid:a0c74248-27fc-4b27-8f1f-2ec874ac5586 03 01 01 thoth-work-id urn:uuid:ec5e495b-a292-4b01-b0fe-e6b2a6f48566 01 thoth-publication-id urn:uuid:a0c74248-27fc-4b27-8f1f-2ec874ac5586 15 9781776447411 06 10.36615/9781776447411 00 EB E107 10 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 01 01 African Principles on the Law Applicable to International Commercial Contracts 1 A01 21 0000-0001-8407-9155 Jan L Neels Jan L Neels 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 01 eng 00 77 03 20 African principles 20 international commercial contracts 20 law 10 LAW051000 93 LB 01 06 02 00 This booklet contains the first draft of the envisaged African Principles on the Law Applicable to International Commercial Contracts. 03 00 This booklet contains the first draft of the envisaged African Principles on the Law Applicable to International Commercial Contracts. The proposal could be used by national legislators on the continent and African economic integration organisations, particularly the African Union, in, respectively, domestic legislation and regional or supranational laws of a soft or binding nature. The existence of a reliable transnational legal infrastructure in respect of international commercial law, including commercial private international law, is a prerequisite for investor confidence, inclusive economic growth, sustainable development, and the ultimate alleviation of poverty on the African continent. The instrument may contribute to sustainable growth on a long-term basis. The regulation of private international law of contract is essential to the further development of the African Continental Free Trade Area. Jan L Neels is professor of private international law and director of the Research Centre for Private International Law in Emerging Countries at the University of Johannesburg. 30 00 This booklet contains the first draft of the envisaged African Principles on the Law Applicable to International Commercial Contracts. The proposal could be used by national legislators on the continent and African economic integration organisations, particularly the African Union, in, respectively, domestic legislation and regional or supranational laws of a soft or binding nature. The existence of a reliable transnational legal infrastructure in respect of international commercial law, including commercial private international law, is a prerequisite for investor confidence, inclusive economic growth, sustainable development, and the ultimate alleviation of poverty on the African continent. The instrument may contribute to sustainable growth on a long-term basis. The regulation of private international law of contract is essential to the further development of the African Continental Free Trade Area. Jan L Neels is professor of private international law and director of the Research Centre for Private International Law in Emerging Countries at the University of Johannesburg. 04 00 Introduction African Principles on the Law Applicable to International Commercial Contracts African Principles on the Law Applicable to International Commercial Contracts (with references) Principes africains sur le droit applicable aux contrats commerciaux internationaux Princípios Africanos relativos à Lei Aplicável aos Contratos Comerciais Internacionais 20 00 Open Access 01 00 03 02 https://books.ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/10.36615/9781776447411_frontcover.jpg UJ Press 01 URL https://ujpress.uj.ac.za 01 UJ Press 01 Publisher's website: home page https://ujpress.uj.ac.za/ 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/219 Johannesburg 04 01 20231015 Jan L Neels 02 WORLD 06 15 9781776447404 06 15 9781776447435 06 15 9781776447428 WORLD 11 OAPEN 36 OAPEN: webpage for this product https://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/85129 29 OAPEN: download the title https://library.oapen.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.12657/85129/9781776447411.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y 20 08 20231015 01 11 DOAB 36 DOAB: webpage for this product https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/121577 20 08 20231015 01 09 UJ Press 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this product https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/219 29 Publisher's website: download the title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/view/219/638/2063 20 08 20231015 01 11 THOTH 36 THOTH: webpage for this product https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/219 29 THOTH: download the title https://books.ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/10.36615/9781776447411.pdf 20 08 20231015 01 urn:uuid:e42561f7-38d0-4e79-8366-8db05ec498af 03 01 01 thoth-work-id urn:uuid:ec5e495b-a292-4b01-b0fe-e6b2a6f48566 01 thoth-publication-id urn:uuid:e42561f7-38d0-4e79-8366-8db05ec498af 15 9781776447435 06 10.36615/9781776447411 00 EB E113 10 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 01 01 African Principles on the Law Applicable to International Commercial Contracts 1 A01 21 0000-0001-8407-9155 Jan L Neels Jan L Neels 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 01 eng 00 77 03 20 African principles 20 international commercial contracts 20 law 10 LAW051000 93 LB 01 06 02 00 This booklet contains the first draft of the envisaged African Principles on the Law Applicable to International Commercial Contracts. 03 00 This booklet contains the first draft of the envisaged African Principles on the Law Applicable to International Commercial Contracts. The proposal could be used by national legislators on the continent and African economic integration organisations, particularly the African Union, in, respectively, domestic legislation and regional or supranational laws of a soft or binding nature. The existence of a reliable transnational legal infrastructure in respect of international commercial law, including commercial private international law, is a prerequisite for investor confidence, inclusive economic growth, sustainable development, and the ultimate alleviation of poverty on the African continent. The instrument may contribute to sustainable growth on a long-term basis. The regulation of private international law of contract is essential to the further development of the African Continental Free Trade Area. Jan L Neels is professor of private international law and director of the Research Centre for Private International Law in Emerging Countries at the University of Johannesburg. 30 00 This booklet contains the first draft of the envisaged African Principles on the Law Applicable to International Commercial Contracts. The proposal could be used by national legislators on the continent and African economic integration organisations, particularly the African Union, in, respectively, domestic legislation and regional or supranational laws of a soft or binding nature. The existence of a reliable transnational legal infrastructure in respect of international commercial law, including commercial private international law, is a prerequisite for investor confidence, inclusive economic growth, sustainable development, and the ultimate alleviation of poverty on the African continent. The instrument may contribute to sustainable growth on a long-term basis. The regulation of private international law of contract is essential to the further development of the African Continental Free Trade Area. Jan L Neels is professor of private international law and director of the Research Centre for Private International Law in Emerging Countries at the University of Johannesburg. 04 00 Introduction African Principles on the Law Applicable to International Commercial Contracts African Principles on the Law Applicable to International Commercial Contracts (with references) Principes africains sur le droit applicable aux contrats commerciaux internationaux Princípios Africanos relativos à Lei Aplicável aos Contratos Comerciais Internacionais 20 00 Open Access 01 00 03 02 https://books.ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/10.36615/9781776447411_frontcover.jpg UJ Press 01 URL https://ujpress.uj.ac.za 01 UJ Press 01 Publisher's website: home page https://ujpress.uj.ac.za/ 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/219 Johannesburg 04 01 20231015 Jan L Neels 02 WORLD 06 15 9781776447404 06 15 9781776447411 06 15 9781776447428 WORLD 09 UJ Press 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this product https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/219 29 Publisher's website: download the title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/view/219/640/2065 20 08 20231015 01 urn:uuid:801cac7a-972c-4035-a575-bc52cef4892b 03 01 01 thoth-work-id urn:uuid:ec5e495b-a292-4b01-b0fe-e6b2a6f48566 01 thoth-publication-id urn:uuid:801cac7a-972c-4035-a575-bc52cef4892b 15 9781776447428 06 10.36615/9781776447411 00 EB E101 10 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 01 01 African Principles on the Law Applicable to International Commercial Contracts 1 A01 21 0000-0001-8407-9155 Jan L Neels Jan L Neels 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 01 eng 00 77 03 20 African principles 20 international commercial contracts 20 law 10 LAW051000 93 LB 01 06 02 00 This booklet contains the first draft of the envisaged African Principles on the Law Applicable to International Commercial Contracts. 03 00 This booklet contains the first draft of the envisaged African Principles on the Law Applicable to International Commercial Contracts. The proposal could be used by national legislators on the continent and African economic integration organisations, particularly the African Union, in, respectively, domestic legislation and regional or supranational laws of a soft or binding nature. The existence of a reliable transnational legal infrastructure in respect of international commercial law, including commercial private international law, is a prerequisite for investor confidence, inclusive economic growth, sustainable development, and the ultimate alleviation of poverty on the African continent. The instrument may contribute to sustainable growth on a long-term basis. The regulation of private international law of contract is essential to the further development of the African Continental Free Trade Area. Jan L Neels is professor of private international law and director of the Research Centre for Private International Law in Emerging Countries at the University of Johannesburg. 30 00 This booklet contains the first draft of the envisaged African Principles on the Law Applicable to International Commercial Contracts. The proposal could be used by national legislators on the continent and African economic integration organisations, particularly the African Union, in, respectively, domestic legislation and regional or supranational laws of a soft or binding nature. The existence of a reliable transnational legal infrastructure in respect of international commercial law, including commercial private international law, is a prerequisite for investor confidence, inclusive economic growth, sustainable development, and the ultimate alleviation of poverty on the African continent. The instrument may contribute to sustainable growth on a long-term basis. The regulation of private international law of contract is essential to the further development of the African Continental Free Trade Area. Jan L Neels is professor of private international law and director of the Research Centre for Private International Law in Emerging Countries at the University of Johannesburg. 04 00 Introduction African Principles on the Law Applicable to International Commercial Contracts African Principles on the Law Applicable to International Commercial Contracts (with references) Principes africains sur le droit applicable aux contrats commerciaux internationaux Princípios Africanos relativos à Lei Aplicável aos Contratos Comerciais Internacionais 20 00 Open Access 01 00 03 02 https://books.ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/10.36615/9781776447411_frontcover.jpg UJ Press 01 URL https://ujpress.uj.ac.za 01 UJ Press 01 Publisher's website: home page https://ujpress.uj.ac.za/ 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/219 Johannesburg 04 01 20231015 Jan L Neels 02 WORLD 06 15 9781776447404 06 15 9781776447411 06 15 9781776447435 WORLD 09 UJ Press 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this product https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/219 29 Publisher's website: download the title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/view/219/639/2064 20 08 20231015 01 urn:uuid:71a1314f-e78d-4c61-8390-1d7b0a865adb 03 01 01 thoth-work-id urn:uuid:15fe9d06-6ed8-4309-95a5-9024def08689 01 thoth-publication-id urn:uuid:71a1314f-e78d-4c61-8390-1d7b0a865adb 15 9780906785706 06 10.36615/9780906785713 00 BC 10 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 01 01 African Union and Agenda 2063 The Past, Present and Future 1 B01 21 0000-0002-5701-0475 Adeoye Akinola Adeoye Akinola 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg Dr Adeoye O. Akinola is the Head of Research and Teaching at the Institute for Pan-African Thought and Conversation, University of Johannesburg. &nbsp; 2 B01 21 0000-0003-4185-593X Khabele Matlosa Khabele Matlosa 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 40 056206b04 Human Sciences Research Council 3 A01 21 0000-0002-3957-9086 Sven Botha Sven Botha Sven Botha 40 00g0p6g84 University of Pretoria 4 A01 Ebrima Sall Ebrima Sall 40 01r55tz35 TrustAfrica 5 A01 Siphamandla Zondi Siphamandla Zondi 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 6 A01 Eddy Maloka Eddy Maloka 7 A01 Hesphina Rukato Hesphina Rukato 8 A01 21 0000-0003-2741-6623 Horace G Campbell Horace G Campbell 40 025r5qe02 Syracuse University 9 A01 Osy Ezechukwunyere Nwebo Osy Ezechukwunyere Nwebo 40 0257ekp23 Imo State University 10 A01 21 0000-0002-4962-4354 Kayode Eesuola Kayode Eesuola 40 05rk03822 University of Lagos 12 A01 21 0000-0003-2618-1199 Lemuel Odeh Lemuel Odeh 40 032kdwk38 University of Ilorin 13 A01 21 0000-0002-2817-9765 Olawale Yemisi Olawale Yemisi 40 03wx2rr30 University of Ibadan 14 A01 21 0000-0003-3043-0362 Kai-Ann D Skeete Kai-Ann D Skeete 40 05p4f7w60 University of the West Indies 15 A01 21 0000-0002-4661-2040 Tshepo Gwatiwa Tshepo Gwatiwa 40 01sf06y89 Macquarie University 16 A01 21 0000-0001-9040-9501 Dawn Isabel Nagar Dawn Isabel Nagar 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 17 A01 21 0000-0003-4185-593X Khabele Matlosa Khabele Matlosa 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 40 056206b04 Human Sciences Research Council 18 A01 21 0000-0002-5701-0475 Adeoye Akinola Adeoye Akinola 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 19 A01 21 0000-0002-9673-3924 James Zotto James Zotto 40 0479aed98 University of Dar es Salaam 20 A01 21 0000-0002-2457-6624 Ndubuisi Christian Ani Ndubuisi Christian Ani 40 00m3wrz48 United States Institute of Peace 21 A01 21 0000-0003-2791-6564 Tim K Murithi Tim K Murithi 40 01zsz0b12 Institute for Justice and Reconciliation 22 A01 21 0000-0001-9064-3461 Laeed Zaghlami Laeed Zaghlami 40 01pynjp12 University of Algiers 3 23 A01 21 0009-0007-4747-8836 Belkacem Iratni Belkacem Iratni 40 01pynjp12 University of Algiers 3 24 A01 21 0000-0002-0565-7832 Tazoacha Francis Tazoacha Francis 25 A01 Samuel Mondays Atuobi Samuel Mondays Atuobi 40 01jg4aw19 African Union Commission 26 A01 21 0000-0002-0044-3296 Fredrick Ogenga Fredrick Ogenga 40 019z2v446 Rongo University 27 A01 21 0000-0002-4918-415X Ratidzo C Makombe Ratidzo C Makombe 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 28 A01 21 0000-0002-3775-1620 Habu Mohammed Habu Mohammed 40 049pzty39 Bayero University Kano 29 A01 21 0000-0003-0086-2121 Dorcas Ettang Dorcas Ettang 40 0303y7a51 Durban University of Technology 30 A01 21 0009-0006-4399-2195 Nompumelelo Ndawonde Nompumelelo Ndawonde 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 31 A01 21 0000-0002-6505-4988 Adeogun Tolulope Adeogun Tolulope 40 0303y7a51 Durban University of Technology 32 A01 21 0000-0002-5962-7188 Rabele Litlhare Rabele Litlhare 40 00g0p6g84 University of Pretoria 33 A01 Lennon Monyae Lennon Monyae 34 A01 21 0000-0001-7151-7080 Odilile Ayodele Odilile Ayodele 40 056206b04 Human Sciences Research Council 35 A01 21 0000-0002-2706-9097 Everisto Benyera Everisto Benyera 40 048cwvf49 University of South Africa 36 A01 21 0000-0003-2674-1520 Njabulo Mbanda Njabulo Mbanda 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 37 A01 Ngono Louis Narcisse Ngono Louis Narcisse 01 eng 00 848 03 93 1QFB 93 JPW 20 Pan-Africanism 10 POL053000 20 peace and security 20 Agenda 2063 20 African union 20 Regional integration 20 Democratic Governance 01 06 02 00 Since its official launch on 9 July 2002 in Durban, South Africa, the African Union (AU) has taken on the complex mantle of promoting peace, governance, development, and continental integration—building on the legacy of its predecessor, the Organisation of African Unity (OAU). 03 00 Since its official launch on 9 July 2002 in Durban, South Africa, the African Union (AU) has taken on the complex mantle of promoting peace, governance, development, and continental integration—building on the legacy of its predecessor, the Organisation of African Unity (OAU). While the OAU championed the liberation and unity of African states, the AU expanded this vision under the broader framework of Pan-Africanism, aligning it with modern challenges and aspirations. As the AU marked its 20th anniversary in 2022, there emerged a critical need to evaluate its performance, particularly in relation to Agenda 2063: The Africa We Want—a strategic vision for Africa’s long-term transformation adopted in 2013. Understanding the AU’s trajectory requires reflection on the historical struggles that shaped Pan-Africanism, including colonialism, apartheid, and racial injustice. Key milestones such as the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) reflect progress, but limited advancement in flagship projects like the Free Movement of Persons and “Silencing the Guns” initiative highlights persistent challenges. This book, African Union and Agenda 2063: The Past, Present, and Future, undertakes a critical assessment of the AU’s 20-year record, aiming to reinvigorate Pan-African consciousness and examine the structural and political constraints hindering the Union’s effectiveness in achieving lasting peace, prosperity, and unity across the continent. 30 00 Since its official launch on 9 July 2002 in Durban, South Africa, the African Union (AU) has taken on the complex mantle of promoting peace, governance, development, and continental integration—building on the legacy of its predecessor, the Organisation of African Unity (OAU). While the OAU championed the liberation and unity of African states, the AU expanded this vision under the broader framework of Pan-Africanism, aligning it with modern challenges and aspirations. As the AU marked its 20th anniversary in 2022, there emerged a critical need to evaluate its performance, particularly in relation to Agenda 2063: The Africa We Want—a strategic vision for Africa’s long-term transformation adopted in 2013. Understanding the AU’s trajectory requires reflection on the historical struggles that shaped Pan-Africanism, including colonialism, apartheid, and racial injustice. Key milestones such as the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) reflect progress, but limited advancement in flagship projects like the Free Movement of Persons and “Silencing the Guns” initiative highlights persistent challenges. This book, African Union and Agenda 2063: The Past, Present, and Future, undertakes a critical assessment of the AU’s 20-year record, aiming to reinvigorate Pan-African consciousness and examine the structural and political constraints hindering the Union’s effectiveness in achieving lasting peace, prosperity, and unity across the continent. 04 00 Editorial Foreword Sven Botha Foreword Ebrima Sall Preface Africa: Pathways and Crossroads Siphamandla Zondi African Union and the Agenda 2063 Project Adeoye Akinola, Khabele Matlosa DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9780906785713-01 The Reform of the African Union History and Progress Eddy Maloka DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9780906785713-02 The African Union and the Pan‑African Agenda Hesphina Rukato DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9780906785713-03 Reconstruction and Reparative Justice for Global African Peoples in the 21st Century Horace G Campbell DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9780906785713-04 African Union Integration Agenda and the Challenges of Plurality and Sovereignty Osy Ezechukwunyere Nwebo DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9780906785713-05 African Union and the Leadership Conundrum Kayode Eesuola DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9780906785713-06 Africa Continental Free Trade Agreement – AfCFTA Prospects and Impediments Seife K Tadelle DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9780906785713-07 Rebuilding African Economy in a Globalised World The African Continental Free Trade Agreement (AfCFTA) and the Question of Intra‑African Trade Lemuel Odeh, Olawale Yemisi DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9780906785713-08 The Question of The Decade Is it Feasible for CARICOM to Co‑ordinate its Foreign Policy towards Africa? Kai-Ann D Skeete DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9780906785713-09 The African Union and the United States The Pursuit of a Strategic Partnership Tshepo Gwatiwa DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9780906785713-10 United Nations-African Union Relations Towards Sustainable Peace and Economic Development and the Attainment of Agenda 2063 Dawn Isabel Nagar DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9780906785713-11 Intra-African Migration and the Prospects for Regional Integration Khabele Matlosa DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9780906785713-12 Africa-EU Migration Between a Rock and a Hard Place? Adeoye Akinola DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9780906785713-13 The ‘Unholy Trinity Powers’ in the Malawi-Tanzania Border Dispute The Shaping of Postcolonial Relations in Southern Africa James Zotto DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9780906785713-14 The Quest for Peace in Africa Convergence and Fragmentation within the African Peace and Security Architecture (APSA) Ndubuisi Christian Ani DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9780906785713-15 Interrogating the AU’s Silencing the Guns in Africa Tim K Murithi DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9780906785713-16 Silencing the Guns in Africa from an Algerian Perspective Laeed Zaghlami, Belkacem Iratni DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9780906785713-17 Prioritising Human Security by the African Union at the Emergence of the New Global Hegemony Tazoacha Francis DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9780906785713-18 The Role of the African Union in Elections Samuel Mondays Atuobi DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9780906785713-19 Democracy, Governance, and Peacebuilding in Africa Technology, Cybercitizens and Kenya’s Post-2022 Election Jitters Fredrick Ogenga DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9780906785713-20 Election-related Violence in Africa A Reflection of the African Union’s Response Ratidzo C Makombe DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9780906785713-21 Governance, Contested Legitimacy, and the Resurgence of Military Coups in Africa The Role of the African Union Habu Mohammed DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9780906785713-22 African Union at 20 Gender Relations in Africa and Agenda 2063 Dorcas Ettang DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9780906785713-23 African Women Labour Migrants Assessing the African Union Free Movement of Persons Protocol Nompumelelo Ndawonde DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9780906785713-24 Theorising Women’s Inclusion in Peace Processes Towards the Actualisation of Agenda 2063 Rabele Litlhare DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9780906785713-25 The African Union at 20 Youth Inclusivity and Agenda 2063 Lennon Monyae DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9780906785713-26 The African Union’s Strategy for Digital Transformation in Africa Maximising Opportunities and Overcoming Challenges Odilile Ayodele DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9780906785713-27 Africa and the Curriculum Transformation Project Towards the Epistemic-Independent Africa We Want Everisto Benyera DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9780906785713-28 African Union at 20 Health Systems Strengthening for Post‑COVID Dispensation Njabulo Mbanda DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9780906785713-29 Africa, Climate Change, and Development Towards A Strategic Balancing Posture Ngono Louis Narcisse DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9780906785713-30 20 00 Open Access 01 00 03 02 https://books.ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/10.36615/9780906785713_frontcover.jpg 1 03 06 10.36615/9780906785713-00 xiii xiv 2 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Editorial Foreword 1 A01 Sven Botha Sven Botha 40 00g0p6g84 University of Pretoria 01 eng 02 00 The African Union (AU) and its predecessor, the Organisation for African Unity, have undergone many trials and tribulations. 03 00 The African Union (AU) and its predecessor, the Organisation for African Unity, have undergone many trials and tribulations. Pan-Africanist through leader and former South African President (1999-2008), Thabo Mbeki, summed up this journey as follows: 30 00 The African Union (AU) and its predecessor, the Organisation for African Unity, have undergone many trials and tribulations. Pan-Africanist through leader and former South African President (1999-2008), Thabo Mbeki, summed up this journey as follows: 20 00 Open Access Sven Botha 4 03 06 10.36615/9780906785713-01 3 28 26 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 African Union and the Agenda 2063 Project 1 B01 21 0000-0002-5701-0475 Adeoye Akinola Adeoye Akinola 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 2 B01 21 0000-0003-4185-593X Khabele Matlosa Khabele Matlosa 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 40 056206b04 Human Sciences Research Council 01 eng 02 00 On 9 July 2002, South Africa played host to eminent Africans as the African Union (AU) was officially founded and launched in its port city of Durban, amid diplomatic fanfare. The AU emerged as the custodian of continental unity and integration, inheriting the noble mantle from its precursor, the Organisation of Afri 03 00 On 9 July 2002, South Africa played host to eminent Africans as the African Union (AU) was officially founded and launched in its port city of Durban, amid diplomatic fanfare. The AU emerged as the custodian of continental unity and integration, inheriting the noble mantle from its precursor, the Organisation of African Unity (OAU), which had gallantly steered the course since its inception in 1963. Both the OAU and AU stand as formidable bastions of Pan-Africanism and heralds of the African Renaissance, epitomising the fervent pursuit of state-driven continental cohesion and solidarity. 30 00 On 9 July 2002, South Africa played host to eminent Africans as the African Union (AU) was officially founded and launched in its port city of Durban, amid diplomatic fanfare. The AU emerged as the custodian of continental unity and integration, inheriting the noble mantle from its precursor, the Organisation of African Unity (OAU), which had gallantly steered the course since its inception in 1963. Both the OAU and AU stand as formidable bastions of Pan-Africanism and heralds of the African Renaissance, epitomising the fervent pursuit of state-driven continental cohesion and solidarity. 20 00 Open Access Adeoye O Akinola, Khabele Matlosa 5 03 06 10.36615/9780906785713-02 29 44 16 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 The Reform of the African Union: History and Progress 1 A01 Eddy Maloka Eddy Maloka 01 eng 02 00 The imperative of reform within the African Union (AU) has been an ongoing process marked by pivotal transitions to elevate continental governance and prosperity. Originating from the nuanced negotiations of the Organisation of African Unity (OAU) Charter in 1963, the need to address unres 03 00 The imperative of reform within the African Union (AU) has been an ongoing process marked by pivotal transitions to elevate continental governance and prosperity. Originating from the nuanced negotiations of the Organisation of African Unity (OAU) Charter in 1963, the need to address unresolved issues within its framework laid the foundation for subsequent reform agendas. The OAU’s shortcomings in effectively addressing key challenges such as development, governance, peace, security, and Africa’s global positioning underscored the necessity for reformative measures. Engaging African citizens further justified recalibrating the organisation to align with continental aspirations. The evolution of reformative paradigms over successive generations saw visionary leadership emerge during the ‘plans without champions’ era, with figures like Adebayo Adedeji spearheading transformative initiatives such as the Lagos Plan of Action and the Abuja Treaty. However, the slow pace of reform prompted a shift towards a more assertive, action-oriented approach during the era of ‘champions’, led by figures like former South African president Thabo Mbeki, Nigerian president Olusegun Obasanjo, and Libyan president Muammar Gaddafi. 30 00 The imperative of reform within the African Union (AU) has been an ongoing process marked by pivotal transitions to elevate continental governance and prosperity. Originating from the nuanced negotiations of the Organisation of African Unity (OAU) Charter in 1963, the need to address unresolved issues within its framework laid the foundation for subsequent reform agendas. The OAU’s shortcomings in effectively addressing key challenges such as development, governance, peace, security, and Africa’s global positioning underscored the necessity for reformative measures. Engaging African citizens further justified recalibrating the organisation to align with continental aspirations. The evolution of reformative paradigms over successive generations saw visionary leadership emerge during the ‘plans without champions’ era, with figures like Adebayo Adedeji spearheading transformative initiatives such as the Lagos Plan of Action and the Abuja Treaty. However, the slow pace of reform prompted a shift towards a more assertive, action-oriented approach during the era of ‘champions’, led by figures like former South African president Thabo Mbeki, Nigerian president Olusegun Obasanjo, and Libyan president Muammar Gaddafi. 20 00 Open Access Eddy Maloka 6 03 06 10.36615/9780906785713-03 47 74 28 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 The African Union and the Pan‑African Agenda 1 A01 Hesphina Rukato Hesphina Rukato 01 eng 02 00 A comprehensive discussion and analysis of the African Union (AU) and its Pan-African Agenda requires a consideration of Africa’s history, as well as how Africans have and continue to respond to slavery and colonialism. Among the most notable of these responses is the growth of Pan-Africanism globally, as well as struggles for the independence of A 03 00 A comprehensive discussion and analysis of the African Union (AU) and its Pan-African Agenda requires a consideration of Africa’s history, as well as how Africans have and continue to respond to slavery and colonialism. Among the most notable of these responses is the growth of Pan-Africanism globally, as well as struggles for the independence of African countries from colonial domination. Slavery and colonialism carved a master-servant relationship between the colonial powers and the colonised African countries. This asymmetric relation still characterises Africa’s engagement with the rest of the world today, and it has continued to entrench the continent’s political, economic, social, and cultural marginalisation. 30 00 A comprehensive discussion and analysis of the African Union (AU) and its Pan-African Agenda requires a consideration of Africa’s history, as well as how Africans have and continue to respond to slavery and colonialism. Among the most notable of these responses is the growth of Pan-Africanism globally, as well as struggles for the independence of African countries from colonial domination. Slavery and colonialism carved a master-servant relationship between the colonial powers and the colonised African countries. This asymmetric relation still characterises Africa’s engagement with the rest of the world today, and it has continued to entrench the continent’s political, economic, social, and cultural marginalisation. 20 00 Open Access Hesphina Rukato 7 03 06 10.36615/9780906785713-04 75 113 39 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Reconstruction and Reparative Justice for Global African Peoples in the 21st Century 1 A01 21 0000-0003-2741-6623 Horace G Campbell Horace G Campbell 40 025r5qe02 Syracuse University 01 eng 02 00 The vigilant African optimism that was invoked by Cheikh Anta Diop is being deployed in the face of the challenges to humanity accentuated by the crises of global capital. From the period of the Atlantic slave trade, through Jim Crow, the colonial period, and apartheid, the organisational capabilities 03 00 The vigilant African optimism that was invoked by Cheikh Anta Diop is being deployed in the face of the challenges to humanity accentuated by the crises of global capital. From the period of the Atlantic slave trade, through Jim Crow, the colonial period, and apartheid, the organisational capabilities of African peoples for emancipation and the humanisation of the planet Earth had prevented humanity from slipping into total barbarism. The resistance to enslavement, whether in Africa or the Western world, created the basis and momentum that led to the formation of organisations and the birth of the idea of Pan Africanism. 30 00 The vigilant African optimism that was invoked by Cheikh Anta Diop is being deployed in the face of the challenges to humanity accentuated by the crises of global capital. From the period of the Atlantic slave trade, through Jim Crow, the colonial period, and apartheid, the organisational capabilities of African peoples for emancipation and the humanisation of the planet Earth had prevented humanity from slipping into total barbarism. The resistance to enslavement, whether in Africa or the Western world, created the basis and momentum that led to the formation of organisations and the birth of the idea of Pan Africanism. 20 00 Open Access Horace G Campbell 8 03 06 10.36615/9780906785713-05 117 140 24 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 African Union Integration Agenda and the Challenges of Plurality and Sovereignty 1 A01 Osy Ezechukwunyere Nwebo Osy Ezechukwunyere Nwebo 40 0257ekp23 Imo State University 01 eng 02 00 The determination of African leaders to pursue the ideal of African integration has a long history that dates to the early period of the development of Pan-Africanism. In other words, the development of Pan-Africanism is intertwined with the determination of African peoples to address the challenges of unity, peace, security, and stability on the c 03 00 The determination of African leaders to pursue the ideal of African integration has a long history that dates to the early period of the development of Pan-Africanism. In other words, the development of Pan-Africanism is intertwined with the determination of African peoples to address the challenges of unity, peace, security, and stability on the continent (Nwebo 2020:438). This objective is aptly encapsulated in the vision of the African Union (AU), which is to build “an integrated, prosperous and peaceful Africa, driven by its citizens and representing a dynamic force in the global arena”.1 The vision crystalised in the institutionalisation of the ideals of Pan-Africanism manifested in the formation of the Organisation of African Unity (OAU) in 1963 and its eventual transformation to the AU, with its integration agenda as a necessary adjunct of Africa’s socio-economic and political development. 30 00 The determination of African leaders to pursue the ideal of African integration has a long history that dates to the early period of the development of Pan-Africanism. In other words, the development of Pan-Africanism is intertwined with the determination of African peoples to address the challenges of unity, peace, security, and stability on the continent (Nwebo 2020:438). This objective is aptly encapsulated in the vision of the African Union (AU), which is to build “an integrated, prosperous and peaceful Africa, driven by its citizens and representing a dynamic force in the global arena”.1 The vision crystalised in the institutionalisation of the ideals of Pan-Africanism manifested in the formation of the Organisation of African Unity (OAU) in 1963 and its eventual transformation to the AU, with its integration agenda as a necessary adjunct of Africa’s socio-economic and political development. 20 00 Open Access Osy Ezechukwunyere Nwebo 9 03 06 10.36615/9780906785713-06 141 159 19 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 African Union and the Leadership Conundrum 1 A01 21 0000-0002-4962-4354 Kayode Eesuola Kayode Eesuola 40 05rk03822 University of Lagos 01 eng 02 00 This chapter attempts a discourse of the African Union (AU) within the context of leadership on the African continent. Doing it essentially requires a delve into history, especially on the evolution of the union and its current trajectory. 03 00 This chapter attempts a discourse of the African Union (AU) within the context of leadership on the African continent. Doing it essentially requires a delve into history, especially on the evolution of the union and its current trajectory. Indeed, “history helps us understand and grapple with complex questions and dilemmas by examining how the past has shaped (and continues to shape) global, national, and local relationships between societies and people. Historians use a wide range of sources to weave individual lives and collective actions into narratives that bring critical perspectives on both our past and our present” (Department of History 2023). The subsequent section interrogates the complex questions and dilemmas of leadership, otherwise termed the “leadership conundrum” in Africa. 30 00 This chapter attempts a discourse of the African Union (AU) within the context of leadership on the African continent. Doing it essentially requires a delve into history, especially on the evolution of the union and its current trajectory. Indeed, “history helps us understand and grapple with complex questions and dilemmas by examining how the past has shaped (and continues to shape) global, national, and local relationships between societies and people. Historians use a wide range of sources to weave individual lives and collective actions into narratives that bring critical perspectives on both our past and our present” (Department of History 2023). The subsequent section interrogates the complex questions and dilemmas of leadership, otherwise termed the “leadership conundrum” in Africa. 20 00 Open Access Kayode Eesuola 10 03 06 10.36615/9780906785713-07 161 186 26 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Africa Continental Free Trade Agreement – AfCFTA: Prospects and Impediments 1 A01 21 0000-0002-6307-5427 Seife K Tadelle Seife Tadelle 01 eng 02 00 The African Union’s (AU) efforts to promote intra-African Trade have reached a zenith with the ratification of the African Continental Free Trade Agreement (AfCFTA) by 24 countries in May 2019. AfCFTA aims at increasing Africa’s economic growth and industrial competitiveness. As a part of the larger Pan-African vision, the initiative is a part of t 03 00 The African Union’s (AU) efforts to promote intra-African Trade have reached a zenith with the ratification of the African Continental Free Trade Agreement (AfCFTA) by 24 countries in May 2019. AfCFTA aims at increasing Africa’s economic growth and industrial competitiveness. As a part of the larger Pan-African vision, the initiative is a part of the commitment to building economic and political unity and enhancing the attainment of Agenda 2063. According to Geda and Yimer (2019), the AfCFTA agreement aims to provide better opportunities to gain economies of scale and efficiency through greater competition and specialisation. As anticipated, it offers a more attractive domestic market for international and local investment. In addition, an increase in intra-regional commerce would boost economic expansion and help pull people out of poverty. 30 00 The African Union’s (AU) efforts to promote intra-African Trade have reached a zenith with the ratification of the African Continental Free Trade Agreement (AfCFTA) by 24 countries in May 2019. AfCFTA aims at increasing Africa’s economic growth and industrial competitiveness. As a part of the larger Pan-African vision, the initiative is a part of the commitment to building economic and political unity and enhancing the attainment of Agenda 2063. According to Geda and Yimer (2019), the AfCFTA agreement aims to provide better opportunities to gain economies of scale and efficiency through greater competition and specialisation. As anticipated, it offers a more attractive domestic market for international and local investment. In addition, an increase in intra-regional commerce would boost economic expansion and help pull people out of poverty. 20 00 Open Access Seife K Tadelle 11 03 06 10.36615/9780906785713-08 187 208 22 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Rebuilding African Economy in a Globalised World: The African Continental Free Trade Agreement (AfCFTA) and the Question of Intra‑African Trade 1 A01 21 0000-0003-2618-1199 Lemuel Odeh Lemuel Odeh 40 032kdwk38 University of Ilorin 2 A01 21 0000-0002-2817-9765 Olawale Yemisi Olawale Yemisi 40 03wx2rr30 University of Ibadan 01 eng 02 00 In postcolonial Africa, the growth and development of the economy have been long-standing issues. Over the years, the African continent has been disadvantageously positioned in the global economy, despite its abundant human and natural resources, as well as its contribution to the mainstream global economy. 03 00 In postcolonial Africa, the growth and development of the economy have been long-standing issues. Over the years, the African continent has been disadvantageously positioned in the global economy, despite its abundant human and natural resources, as well as its contribution to the mainstream global economy. Africa holds a significant share of the world’s resources, with approximately 30% of global mineral reserves, 12% of oil reserves, and 8% of natural gas reserves situated on the continent (Mohseni-Cheraghlou 2023). Mainstream literature, theories, and African-centred analysis on institutional performance have primarily considered Africa a disadvantaged continent and at the receiving end of an institutional framework structured to reward the United States (US)-dominated brand of capitalism, while also benefiting other industrial states and international financial institutions (IFIs), governed by the free market system. 30 00 In postcolonial Africa, the growth and development of the economy have been long-standing issues. Over the years, the African continent has been disadvantageously positioned in the global economy, despite its abundant human and natural resources, as well as its contribution to the mainstream global economy. Africa holds a significant share of the world’s resources, with approximately 30% of global mineral reserves, 12% of oil reserves, and 8% of natural gas reserves situated on the continent (Mohseni-Cheraghlou 2023). Mainstream literature, theories, and African-centred analysis on institutional performance have primarily considered Africa a disadvantaged continent and at the receiving end of an institutional framework structured to reward the United States (US)-dominated brand of capitalism, while also benefiting other industrial states and international financial institutions (IFIs), governed by the free market system. 20 00 Open Access Lemuel Odeh, Olawale Yemisi 12 03 06 10.36615/9780906785713-09 211 233 23 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 The Question of The Decade: Is it Feasible for CARICOM to Co‑ordinate its Foreign Policy towards Africa? 1 A01 21 0000-0003-3043-0362 Kai-Ann D Skeete Kai-Ann D Skeete 40 05p4f7w60 University of the West Indies 01 eng 02 00 Once dubbed a paradox by Anthony Payne due to the unique arrangement of a community of sovereign states, the Caribbean Community and Common Market (CARICOM) is guided by Article 6 of the Revised Treaty of Chaguaramas, which mandates the regional body to enhance the co-ordination of member states’ foreign policies. However, even with a Council for F 03 00 Once dubbed a paradox by Anthony Payne due to the unique arrangement of a community of sovereign states, the Caribbean Community and Common Market (CARICOM) is guided by Article 6 of the Revised Treaty of Chaguaramas, which mandates the regional body to enhance the co-ordination of member states’ foreign policies. However, even with a Council for Foreign and Community Relations (COFCOR) and a Prime Ministerial Sub-committee on External Relations, CARICOM has failed to achieve one of its integral pillars – the co-ordination of member states’ foreign policy. This has resulted in numerous insurmountable tensions, as countries have strayed from CARICOM’s scrutiny and delved into bilateral or plurilateral arrangements. 30 00 Once dubbed a paradox by Anthony Payne due to the unique arrangement of a community of sovereign states, the Caribbean Community and Common Market (CARICOM) is guided by Article 6 of the Revised Treaty of Chaguaramas, which mandates the regional body to enhance the co-ordination of member states’ foreign policies. However, even with a Council for Foreign and Community Relations (COFCOR) and a Prime Ministerial Sub-committee on External Relations, CARICOM has failed to achieve one of its integral pillars – the co-ordination of member states’ foreign policy. This has resulted in numerous insurmountable tensions, as countries have strayed from CARICOM’s scrutiny and delved into bilateral or plurilateral arrangements. 20 00 Open Access Kai-Ann D Skeete 13 03 06 10.36615/9780906785713-10 235 259 25 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 The African Union and the United States: The Pursuit of a Strategic Partnership 1 A01 21 0000-0002-4661-2040 Tshepo Gwatiwa Tshepo Gwatiwa 40 01sf06y89 Macquarie University 01 eng 02 00 The African Union (AU) has been one of the key organisations and most important actors in the interstices of collective diplomacy, multilateralism, and inter-regionalism for the past 20 years. From a regionalist perspective, Africa’s future largely depends on the effectiveness of the African Union Commission (AUC), because it negotiates and impleme 03 00 The African Union (AU) has been one of the key organisations and most important actors in the interstices of collective diplomacy, multilateralism, and inter-regionalism for the past 20 years. From a regionalist perspective, Africa’s future largely depends on the effectiveness of the African Union Commission (AUC), because it negotiates and implements international agreements on various issues, especially on security and development. These two are very important, given the view that security and/or political stability are a prerequisite for African development and prosperity. It is imperative to highlight that the AU is a relatively nascent organisation, representing the world’s most fledgling nation states, in terms of statemaking and nationbuilding1. Hence, Africa faces two challenges. The first is how to catch up with the rest of the world, in terms of security and development. 30 00 The African Union (AU) has been one of the key organisations and most important actors in the interstices of collective diplomacy, multilateralism, and inter-regionalism for the past 20 years. From a regionalist perspective, Africa’s future largely depends on the effectiveness of the African Union Commission (AUC), because it negotiates and implements international agreements on various issues, especially on security and development. These two are very important, given the view that security and/or political stability are a prerequisite for African development and prosperity. It is imperative to highlight that the AU is a relatively nascent organisation, representing the world’s most fledgling nation states, in terms of statemaking and nationbuilding1. Hence, Africa faces two challenges. The first is how to catch up with the rest of the world, in terms of security and development. 20 00 Open Access Tshepo Gwatiwa 14 03 06 10.36615/9780906785713-11 261 292 32 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 United Nations-African Union Relations: Towards Sustainable Peace and Economic Development and the Attainment of Agenda 2063 1 A01 21 0000-0001-9040-9501 Dawn Isabel Nagar Dawn Isabel Nagar 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 01 eng 02 00 This chapter provides a constructive discussion of the actors and factors relevant to the African Union (AU)’s relations with the United Nations (UN) and their respective institutions. The chapter further provides a critical assessment concerning the rules of engagement between these two international organisations over 20 years since the establish 03 00 This chapter provides a constructive discussion of the actors and factors relevant to the African Union (AU)’s relations with the United Nations (UN) and their respective institutions. The chapter further provides a critical assessment concerning the rules of engagement between these two international organisations over 20 years since the establishment of the AU in 2002. The major discussion adopts a political economy, human security, and developmental-led approach situated in fundamental international relations theories, critique, and debates to assess how the relations between these two organisations have fared, see where the gaps are, and identify key recommendations toward building solid relations. Addressing the AU and its relations with the UN’s peace and security architecture to achieve the AU’s Agenda 2063, therefore cannot be discussed in the absence of geopolitical economics. 30 00 This chapter provides a constructive discussion of the actors and factors relevant to the African Union (AU)’s relations with the United Nations (UN) and their respective institutions. The chapter further provides a critical assessment concerning the rules of engagement between these two international organisations over 20 years since the establishment of the AU in 2002. The major discussion adopts a political economy, human security, and developmental-led approach situated in fundamental international relations theories, critique, and debates to assess how the relations between these two organisations have fared, see where the gaps are, and identify key recommendations toward building solid relations. Addressing the AU and its relations with the UN’s peace and security architecture to achieve the AU’s Agenda 2063, therefore cannot be discussed in the absence of geopolitical economics. 20 00 Open Access Dawn Isabel Nagar 15 03 06 10.36615/9780906785713-12 295 316 22 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Intra-African Migration and the Prospects for Regional Integration 1 B01 21 0000-0003-4185-593X Khabele Matlosa Khabele Matlosa 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 01 eng 02 00 The African Union (AU) has a four-pronged agenda for continental unity and integration: peace and security, democracy and governance, socio-economic development, and repositioning Africa in the global arena. 03 00 The African Union (AU) has a four-pronged agenda for continental unity and integration: peace and security, democracy and governance, socio-economic development, and repositioning Africa in the global arena. A major theme that cuts across the four agendas is migration (i.e. human movement). It needs to be emphasised that migration has been part and parcel of human life from time immemorial (Cohen 2019). It cannot be wished away. It is here to stay. 30 00 The African Union (AU) has a four-pronged agenda for continental unity and integration: peace and security, democracy and governance, socio-economic development, and repositioning Africa in the global arena. A major theme that cuts across the four agendas is migration (i.e. human movement). It needs to be emphasised that migration has been part and parcel of human life from time immemorial (Cohen 2019). It cannot be wished away. It is here to stay. 20 00 Open Access Khabele Matlosa 16 03 06 10.36615/9780906785713-13 317 349 33 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Africa-EU Migration: Between a Rock and a Hard Place? 1 B01 21 0000-0002-5701-0475 Adeoye Akinola Adeoye Akinola 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 01 eng 02 00 Migration is as old as human history. Africa-Europe migration is intricately woven with the timeless thread of contention, asymmetrical relations, and unresolved questions. Dating back to the pre-colonial and colonial dispensations, the movement of people across the two regions occupies a decisive space in Africa-Europe relations. 03 00 Migration is as old as human history. Africa-Europe migration is intricately woven with the timeless thread of contention, asymmetrical relations, and unresolved questions. Dating back to the pre-colonial and colonial dispensations, the movement of people across the two regions occupies a decisive space in Africa-Europe relations. Its historical resonance not only evokes the enduring ties that have bound these regions, but also illuminates the contemporary picture, wherein shared challenges and opportunities assume paramount significance. Migration in contemporary Africa-Europe relations emerges not merely as a vestige of the past, but as a potent catalyst propelling the current and future trajectory of collaboration between Africa and Europe. 30 00 Migration is as old as human history. Africa-Europe migration is intricately woven with the timeless thread of contention, asymmetrical relations, and unresolved questions. Dating back to the pre-colonial and colonial dispensations, the movement of people across the two regions occupies a decisive space in Africa-Europe relations. Its historical resonance not only evokes the enduring ties that have bound these regions, but also illuminates the contemporary picture, wherein shared challenges and opportunities assume paramount significance. Migration in contemporary Africa-Europe relations emerges not merely as a vestige of the past, but as a potent catalyst propelling the current and future trajectory of collaboration between Africa and Europe. 20 00 Open Access Adeoye O Akinola 17 03 06 10.36615/9780906785713-14 351 377 27 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 The ‘Unholy Trinity Powers’ in the Malawi-Tanzania Border Dispute: The Shaping of Postcolonial Relations in Southern Africa 1 A01 21 0000-0002-9673-3924 James Zotto James Zotto 40 0479aed98 University of Dar es Salaam 01 eng 02 00 After the independence of Malawi and Tanzania in the early 1960s, their relations soured, especially at the state level, following the countries’ laying of claim to Lake Nyasa. Whereas Malawi claimed that its sovereign territory with Tanzania is on the shore of Lake Nyasa in Tanzania (I call it the Eastern shoreline), Tanzania tenaciously recognise 03 00 After the independence of Malawi and Tanzania in the early 1960s, their relations soured, especially at the state level, following the countries’ laying of claim to Lake Nyasa. Whereas Malawi claimed that its sovereign territory with Tanzania is on the shore of Lake Nyasa in Tanzania (I call it the Eastern shoreline), Tanzania tenaciously recognised a boundary in the middle of Lake Nyasa (I call it the Middle line). Thorny relations between Tanzania and Malawi are attributed to both colonial and postcolonial forces. The influence of the colonial powers on the Malawi-Tanzania border dispute is highlighted by inconsistencies contained in colonial cartography, contradictions in the application of the mandate system in Tanganyika, and the ambiguities in the interpretation of the Anglo-German Agreement of 1 July 1890, which established the boundary between Nyasaland and German East Africa. 30 00 After the independence of Malawi and Tanzania in the early 1960s, their relations soured, especially at the state level, following the countries’ laying of claim to Lake Nyasa. Whereas Malawi claimed that its sovereign territory with Tanzania is on the shore of Lake Nyasa in Tanzania (I call it the Eastern shoreline), Tanzania tenaciously recognised a boundary in the middle of Lake Nyasa (I call it the Middle line). Thorny relations between Tanzania and Malawi are attributed to both colonial and postcolonial forces. The influence of the colonial powers on the Malawi-Tanzania border dispute is highlighted by inconsistencies contained in colonial cartography, contradictions in the application of the mandate system in Tanganyika, and the ambiguities in the interpretation of the Anglo-German Agreement of 1 July 1890, which established the boundary between Nyasaland and German East Africa. 20 00 Open Access James Zotto 18 03 06 10.36615/9780906785713-15 381 400 20 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 The Quest for Peace in Africa: Convergence and Fragmentation within the African Peace and Security Architecture (APSA) 1 A01 21 0000-0002-2457-6624 Ndubuisi Christian Ani Ndubuisi Christian Ani 40 00m3wrz48 United States Institute of Peace 01 eng 02 00 Over the past three years, the African continent has been faced with a coup crisis driven by a renewed citizen demand for democratic dividends. Many of the coups in West Africa – specifically in Niger, Mali and Burkina Faso – are driven by widespread discontent over state ineptitude in the face of rising violent extremism, farmer-herder conflict, s 03 00 Over the past three years, the African continent has been faced with a coup crisis driven by a renewed citizen demand for democratic dividends. Many of the coups in West Africa – specifically in Niger, Mali and Burkina Faso – are driven by widespread discontent over state ineptitude in the face of rising violent extremism, farmer-herder conflict, secessionist agitations, the COVID-19 pandemic, and environmental disasters that have claimed lives and displaced many. The political and security landscape is complicated by a rise in global power competition leading to the involvement of new security partners such as the Wagner mercenaries, while European partners have been forced to draw down or withdraw their forces in certain regions such as the Sahel. The evolving security situation calls into question the proactiveness and efficacy of the African security alliance in the framework of the African Peace and Security Architecture (APSA). 30 00 Over the past three years, the African continent has been faced with a coup crisis driven by a renewed citizen demand for democratic dividends. Many of the coups in West Africa – specifically in Niger, Mali and Burkina Faso – are driven by widespread discontent over state ineptitude in the face of rising violent extremism, farmer-herder conflict, secessionist agitations, the COVID-19 pandemic, and environmental disasters that have claimed lives and displaced many. The political and security landscape is complicated by a rise in global power competition leading to the involvement of new security partners such as the Wagner mercenaries, while European partners have been forced to draw down or withdraw their forces in certain regions such as the Sahel. The evolving security situation calls into question the proactiveness and efficacy of the African security alliance in the framework of the African Peace and Security Architecture (APSA). 20 00 Open Access Ndubuisi Christian Ani 19 03 06 10.36615/9780906785713-16 401 419 19 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Interrogating the AU’s Silencing the Guns in Africa 1 A01 21 0000-0003-2791-6564 Tim K Murithi Tim K Murithi 40 01zsz0b12 Institute for Justice and Reconciliation 01 eng 02 00 The African Union (AU) is embarking on its second decade, and it is apt to assess the challenges that it has confronted in terms of efforts to promote peace, security, governance, and the improvement of the livelihood of its constituent peoples. According to the Armed Conflict Location and Event Data Project (ACLED), the African continent is afflic 03 00 The African Union (AU) is embarking on its second decade, and it is apt to assess the challenges that it has confronted in terms of efforts to promote peace, security, governance, and the improvement of the livelihood of its constituent peoples. According to the Armed Conflict Location and Event Data Project (ACLED), the African continent is afflicted by 35 conflicts, of variable intensity, which has led to the displacement of more than 40 million persons across the continent (ACLED 2023). The AU’s Agenda 2063 identifies one of its objectives as the pursuit of “an integrated, prosperous, and peaceful Africa, driven by its citizens and representing a dynamic force in the international arena” (AU 2015). 30 00 The African Union (AU) is embarking on its second decade, and it is apt to assess the challenges that it has confronted in terms of efforts to promote peace, security, governance, and the improvement of the livelihood of its constituent peoples. According to the Armed Conflict Location and Event Data Project (ACLED), the African continent is afflicted by 35 conflicts, of variable intensity, which has led to the displacement of more than 40 million persons across the continent (ACLED 2023). The AU’s Agenda 2063 identifies one of its objectives as the pursuit of “an integrated, prosperous, and peaceful Africa, driven by its citizens and representing a dynamic force in the international arena” (AU 2015). 20 00 Open Access Tim K Murithi 20 03 06 10.36615/9780906785713-17 421 446 26 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Silencing the Guns in Africa from an Algerian Perspective 1 A01 21 0000-0001-9064-3461 Laeed Zaghlami Laeed Zaghlami 40 01pynjp12 University of Algiers 3 2 A01 21 0009-0007-4747-8836 Belkacem Iratni Belkacem Iratni 40 01pynjp12 University of Algiers 3 01 eng 02 00 The report presented at the opening session of the annual African Union (AU) summit held in Addis Ababa in February 2020 under the theme ‘Silencing the Guns: Creating Conducive Conditions for Africa’s Development’ painstakingly admitted “the failure of the engagement taken in 2013 to put an end to all the wars in Africa by 2020” (Algérie-eco 2020). 03 00 The report presented at the opening session of the annual African Union (AU) summit held in Addis Ababa in February 2020 under the theme ‘Silencing the Guns: Creating Conducive Conditions for Africa’s Development’ painstakingly admitted “the failure of the engagement taken in 2013 to put an end to all the wars in Africa by 2020” (Algérie-eco 2020). The AU extended this initiative until 2030 during the 14th extraordinary session of its assembly on Silencing the Guns held in December 2020 in Johannesburg, South Africa because of the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, the failure to consolidate peace, prevent violent extremism, foster democracy, and boost economic progress, has greatly hampered some gains in achieving peace and security in Africa. 30 00 The report presented at the opening session of the annual African Union (AU) summit held in Addis Ababa in February 2020 under the theme ‘Silencing the Guns: Creating Conducive Conditions for Africa’s Development’ painstakingly admitted “the failure of the engagement taken in 2013 to put an end to all the wars in Africa by 2020” (Algérie-eco 2020). The AU extended this initiative until 2030 during the 14th extraordinary session of its assembly on Silencing the Guns held in December 2020 in Johannesburg, South Africa because of the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, the failure to consolidate peace, prevent violent extremism, foster democracy, and boost economic progress, has greatly hampered some gains in achieving peace and security in Africa. 20 00 Open Access Laeed Zaghlami, Belkacem Iratni 21 03 06 10.36615/9780906785713-18 447 466 20 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Prioritising Human Security by the African Union at the Emergence of the New Global Hegemony 1 A01 21 0000-0002-0565-7832 Tazoacha Francis Tazoacha Francis 01 eng 02 00 Human security concerns are primordial in addressing the peace and security challenges that the African continent is facing today. Human security encompasses, firstly, the protection of individuals as a strategic concern for national as well as international security; secondly, it spells out that the security conditions for people’s development are 03 00 Human security concerns are primordial in addressing the peace and security challenges that the African continent is facing today. Human security encompasses, firstly, the protection of individuals as a strategic concern for national as well as international security; secondly, it spells out that the security conditions for people’s development are not bound to traditional matters of national defence, law, and order, but rather encompass all political, economic, and social issues enabling a life free from risk and fear. The world is characterised by insecurity and full of threats on many fronts. Natural disasters, tenacious poverty, violent conflicts, protracted crises, epidemics, and economic recessions inflict adversities and undercut prospects for peace, stability, and sustainable development (UN 2018). Such crises are intricate, necessitating numerous forms of human insecurity. 30 00 Human security concerns are primordial in addressing the peace and security challenges that the African continent is facing today. Human security encompasses, firstly, the protection of individuals as a strategic concern for national as well as international security; secondly, it spells out that the security conditions for people’s development are not bound to traditional matters of national defence, law, and order, but rather encompass all political, economic, and social issues enabling a life free from risk and fear. The world is characterised by insecurity and full of threats on many fronts. Natural disasters, tenacious poverty, violent conflicts, protracted crises, epidemics, and economic recessions inflict adversities and undercut prospects for peace, stability, and sustainable development (UN 2018). Such crises are intricate, necessitating numerous forms of human insecurity. 20 00 Open Access Tazoacha Francis 22 03 06 10.36615/9780906785713-19 469 491 23 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 The Role of the African Union in Elections 1 A01 Samuel Mondays Atuobi Samuel Mondays Atuobi 40 01jg4aw19 African Union Commission 01 eng 02 00 In 2002, a new organisation, the African Union (AU), replaced the Organisation of African Union (OAU). One of the objectives of the OAU was to “promote democratic principles and institutions, popular participation and good governance” (AU 2000:5). 03 00 In 2002, a new organisation, the African Union (AU), replaced the Organisation of African Union (OAU). One of the objectives of the OAU was to “promote democratic principles and institutions, popular participation and good governance” (AU 2000:5). This objective was based on the principles of “respect for democratic principles, human rights, the rule of law and good governance” (AU 2000:7) The objective and principles stated here as captured in the Constitutive Act of the organisation reveal its commitment to democratic principles which include regular, free, and fair elections. Before the AU was launched in 2002, the member states of the OAU had taken giant steps towards holding multiparty elections. For instance, from 1990 to 2001, about 175 presidential and parliamentary elections were held (see table below). Although most of its member states were already holding regular multiparty elections, there were fears that unconstitutional changes of governments would derail their efforts. In 2000, the OAU had to adopt the Lome Declaration on Combatting Unconstitutional Changes of Government (UCG) to guide against backtracking from the democratic path. Consequently, the new continental organisation had to carve a niche in terms of its role in promoting democratic elections. 30 00 In 2002, a new organisation, the African Union (AU), replaced the Organisation of African Union (OAU). One of the objectives of the OAU was to “promote democratic principles and institutions, popular participation and good governance” (AU 2000:5). This objective was based on the principles of “respect for democratic principles, human rights, the rule of law and good governance” (AU 2000:7) The objective and principles stated here as captured in the Constitutive Act of the organisation reveal its commitment to democratic principles which include regular, free, and fair elections. Before the AU was launched in 2002, the member states of the OAU had taken giant steps towards holding multiparty elections. For instance, from 1990 to 2001, about 175 presidential and parliamentary elections were held (see table below). Although most of its member states were already holding regular multiparty elections, there were fears that unconstitutional changes of governments would derail their efforts. In 2000, the OAU had to adopt the Lome Declaration on Combatting Unconstitutional Changes of Government (UCG) to guide against backtracking from the democratic path. Consequently, the new continental organisation had to carve a niche in terms of its role in promoting democratic elections. 20 00 Open Access Samuel Mondays Atuobi 23 03 06 10.36615/9780906785713-20 493 512 20 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Democracy, Governance, and Peacebuilding in Africa: Technology, Cybercitizens and Kenya’s Post-2022 Election Jitters 1 A01 21 0000-0002-0044-3296 Fredrick Ogenga Fredrick Ogenga 40 019z2v446 Rongo University 01 eng 02 00 There have been genuine concerns in public debates regarding the questions of democratic transition, democratic installations, and democratic consolidation in Africa, with varied responses. Of course, it appears that there are two dichotomies, driven by specific epistemic positions regarding ways of being African and attendant democracy in Africa o 03 00 There have been genuine concerns in public debates regarding the questions of democratic transition, democratic installations, and democratic consolidation in Africa, with varied responses. Of course, it appears that there are two dichotomies, driven by specific epistemic positions regarding ways of being African and attendant democracy in Africa or African democracy (Bah 2020; Ajulu 2022; Chitanga 2023; Ogenga 2021; Bah &amp; Ogenga 2020; Maweu &amp; Mare 2021). On the one hand, views that champion Pan-African positions in this debate are not in short supply. On the other, some align with the Western narratives that are still influenced by coloniality that seek to see democracy ‘flourish’ in Africa the Western way (Kobuthi 2023.) The latter view has taken centre stage by celebrating liberal democracy. This can always be fingered for the problematic trajectory that democracy in Africa has assumed in the recent past. Nyere (2022) and Chitanga (2023), for example, demonstrate how democratic institutionalisms thrive on institutions that project coloniality of power par excellence, influencing the universal epistemic frames of global power configurations with those on the receiving end being 30 00 There have been genuine concerns in public debates regarding the questions of democratic transition, democratic installations, and democratic consolidation in Africa, with varied responses. Of course, it appears that there are two dichotomies, driven by specific epistemic positions regarding ways of being African and attendant democracy in Africa or African democracy (Bah 2020; Ajulu 2022; Chitanga 2023; Ogenga 2021; Bah &amp; Ogenga 2020; Maweu &amp; Mare 2021). On the one hand, views that champion Pan-African positions in this debate are not in short supply. On the other, some align with the Western narratives that are still influenced by coloniality that seek to see democracy ‘flourish’ in Africa the Western way (Kobuthi 2023.) The latter view has taken centre stage by celebrating liberal democracy. This can always be fingered for the problematic trajectory that democracy in Africa has assumed in the recent past. Nyere (2022) and Chitanga (2023), for example, demonstrate how democratic institutionalisms thrive on institutions that project coloniality of power par excellence, influencing the universal epistemic frames of global power configurations with those on the receiving end being 20 00 Open Access Fredrick Ogenga 24 03 06 10.36615/9780906785713-21 513 545 33 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Chapter 01 01 Election-related Violence in Africa A Reflection of the African Union’s Response 1 A01 21 0000-0002-4918-415X Ratidzo C Makombe Ratidzo C Makombe 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 01 eng 02 00 Postcolonial Africa has struggled in operationalising liberal democracy, marked by recurring incidents of electoral violence leading to significant loss of lives and destruction of property throughout the continent. This has imposed a responsibility on continental and regional actors, such as the African Union (AU) to intervene. Thus, the AU has ma 03 00 Postcolonial Africa has struggled in operationalising liberal democracy, marked by recurring incidents of electoral violence leading to significant loss of lives and destruction of property throughout the continent. This has imposed a responsibility on continental and regional actors, such as the African Union (AU) to intervene. Thus, the AU has made significant strides in creating several frameworks that foster peace and security on the continent. For instance, the African Charter on Democracy, Elections and Governance (ACDEG), which was proposed in 2007 and enacted in 2012, has been instrumental in the governance and conduct of African elections. Most countries have adopted electoral democracy, with elections held cyclically every four to five years. Despite these initiatives, African elections are marred with election-related violence (ERV) ranging from protests to civilian deaths. 30 00 Postcolonial Africa has struggled in operationalising liberal democracy, marked by recurring incidents of electoral violence leading to significant loss of lives and destruction of property throughout the continent. This has imposed a responsibility on continental and regional actors, such as the African Union (AU) to intervene. Thus, the AU has made significant strides in creating several frameworks that foster peace and security on the continent. For instance, the African Charter on Democracy, Elections and Governance (ACDEG), which was proposed in 2007 and enacted in 2012, has been instrumental in the governance and conduct of African elections. Most countries have adopted electoral democracy, with elections held cyclically every four to five years. Despite these initiatives, African elections are marred with election-related violence (ERV) ranging from protests to civilian deaths. 20 00 Open Access Ratidzo C Makombe 25 03 06 10.36615/9780906785713-22 547 570 24 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Governance, Contested Legitimacy, and the Resurgence of Military Coups in Africa: The Role of the African Union 1 A01 21 0000-0002-3775-1620 Habu Mohammed Habu Mohammed 40 049pzty39 Bayero University Kano 01 eng 02 00 Over the decades, African countries have experienced governance crises and what others have tagged governance deficit. The potential for African countries to draw lessons from their histories of inadequate governance and alter the trajectory of development in both politics and the economy appears to be a subject open to debate. 03 00 Over the decades, African countries have experienced governance crises and what others have tagged governance deficit. The potential for African countries to draw lessons from their histories of inadequate governance and alter the trajectory of development in both politics and the economy appears to be a subject open to debate. Personal rule and personalisation of politics have created a situation whereby democratic institutions are impaired the most at the expense of the collective good. Indeed, there has been an emergence of big personalities who have occupied the political spaces of their societies – legitimately or illegitimately. The narrower the political space, the heavier the toll of misgovernance on the citizens who suffer most of the brunt of leadership failure, caused by a lack of political legitimacy. These tendencies manifest themselves more in the continent’s history of state formation and political processes. 30 00 Over the decades, African countries have experienced governance crises and what others have tagged governance deficit. The potential for African countries to draw lessons from their histories of inadequate governance and alter the trajectory of development in both politics and the economy appears to be a subject open to debate. Personal rule and personalisation of politics have created a situation whereby democratic institutions are impaired the most at the expense of the collective good. Indeed, there has been an emergence of big personalities who have occupied the political spaces of their societies – legitimately or illegitimately. The narrower the political space, the heavier the toll of misgovernance on the citizens who suffer most of the brunt of leadership failure, caused by a lack of political legitimacy. These tendencies manifest themselves more in the continent’s history of state formation and political processes. 20 00 Open Access Habu Mohammed 26 03 06 10.36615/9780906785713-23 573 598 26 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 African Union at 20: Gender Relations in Africa and Agenda 2063 1 A01 21 0000-0003-0086-2121 Dorcas Ettang Dorcas Ettang 40 0303y7a51 Durban University of Technology 01 eng 02 00 Celebrating its 20th year, the African Union (AU) has made significant strides in improving gender relations and addressing gender gaps in its various policies and structures. These efforts are evident in its Gender Parity Project, Gender Policy, Agenda 2063, and Ten-Year Implementation Plan, and continental reports on the implementation of Agenda 03 00 Celebrating its 20th year, the African Union (AU) has made significant strides in improving gender relations and addressing gender gaps in its various policies and structures. These efforts are evident in its Gender Parity Project, Gender Policy, Agenda 2063, and Ten-Year Implementation Plan, and continental reports on the implementation of Agenda 2063. Agenda 2063 comprehensively presents the various dimensions of Africa’s political, socio-economic, and security landscapes and situates gender within it through its various provisions and implementation plans. Aspiration 6 of Agenda 2063 clarifies the position of the AU and its member states on gender equality, with its primary goal of achieving “full gender equality in all spheres of life” by prioritising women’s and girls’ empowerment and preventing discrimination and violence against them (AU 2015a). Its Ten-Year Implementation Plan, published in 2015, notes the transformational goal of reducing violence against women by a third and normalising gender parity by 2023 in all its organs and regional economic communities (RECs). The union’s review of national and RECs’ strategic plans identified gender and women’s development as a priority area (AU 2015b). 30 00 Celebrating its 20th year, the African Union (AU) has made significant strides in improving gender relations and addressing gender gaps in its various policies and structures. These efforts are evident in its Gender Parity Project, Gender Policy, Agenda 2063, and Ten-Year Implementation Plan, and continental reports on the implementation of Agenda 2063. Agenda 2063 comprehensively presents the various dimensions of Africa’s political, socio-economic, and security landscapes and situates gender within it through its various provisions and implementation plans. Aspiration 6 of Agenda 2063 clarifies the position of the AU and its member states on gender equality, with its primary goal of achieving “full gender equality in all spheres of life” by prioritising women’s and girls’ empowerment and preventing discrimination and violence against them (AU 2015a). Its Ten-Year Implementation Plan, published in 2015, notes the transformational goal of reducing violence against women by a third and normalising gender parity by 2023 in all its organs and regional economic communities (RECs). The union’s review of national and RECs’ strategic plans identified gender and women’s development as a priority area (AU 2015b). 20 00 Open Access Dorcas Ettang 27 03 06 10.36615/9780906785713-24 599 637 39 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 African Women Labour Migrants: Assessing the African Union Free Movement of Persons Protocol 1 A01 21 0009-0006-4399-2195 Nompumelelo Ndawonde Nompumelelo Ndawonde 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 01 eng 02 00 In the contemporary world, the trend of women’s migration has grown increasingly prominent. In 2020, the global international migrant stock included approximately 135 million female migrants, accounting for 48.1% of the total, meaning nearly half of the world’s migrants are women and girls (UN DESA 2020). 03 00 In the contemporary world, the trend of women’s migration has grown increasingly prominent. In 2020, the global international migrant stock included approximately 135 million female migrants, accounting for 48.1% of the total, meaning nearly half of the world’s migrants are women and girls (UN DESA 2020). This increasing visibility of women in international migration is often referred to as the feminisation of migration. This term captures the rising prevalence of women who travel independently in global migration patterns (IOM 2021). 30 00 In the contemporary world, the trend of women’s migration has grown increasingly prominent. In 2020, the global international migrant stock included approximately 135 million female migrants, accounting for 48.1% of the total, meaning nearly half of the world’s migrants are women and girls (UN DESA 2020). This increasing visibility of women in international migration is often referred to as the feminisation of migration. This term captures the rising prevalence of women who travel independently in global migration patterns (IOM 2021). 20 00 Open Access Nompumelelo Ndawonde 28 03 06 10.36615/9780906785713-25 639 658 20 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Theorising Women’s Inclusion in Peace Processes Towards the Actualisation of Agenda 2063 1 A01 21 0000-0002-6505-4988 Adeogun Tolulope Adeogun Tolulope 40 0303y7a51 Durban University of Technology 2 A01 21 0000-0003-0086-2121 Dorcas Ettang Dorcas Ettang 40 0303y7a51 Durban University of Technology 3 A01 21 0000-0002-5962-7188 Rabele Litlhare Rabele Litlhare 40 00g0p6g84 University of Pretoria 01 eng 02 00 For centuries, conflict of various shades has taken over nations of the world. As one country is coming out of war, another is on the verge of war. War is divided into two categories: interstate (country(ies) against country(ies)) and intra-state (wars within countries); however, intra-state wars have become popular in recent times. 03 00 For centuries, conflict of various shades has taken over nations of the world. As one country is coming out of war, another is on the verge of war. War is divided into two categories: interstate (country(ies) against country(ies)) and intra-state (wars within countries); however, intra-state wars have become popular in recent times. Expectedly, Africa is not exempt from this destructive and disruptive menace. In recent years, the African continent has witnessed genocide, ethnicism, terrorism, and other forms of unrest and political instability, leading to the loss of millions of lives and property, leaving people homeless, and straining the socio-political and economic fabrics of many African countries. 30 00 For centuries, conflict of various shades has taken over nations of the world. As one country is coming out of war, another is on the verge of war. War is divided into two categories: interstate (country(ies) against country(ies)) and intra-state (wars within countries); however, intra-state wars have become popular in recent times. Expectedly, Africa is not exempt from this destructive and disruptive menace. In recent years, the African continent has witnessed genocide, ethnicism, terrorism, and other forms of unrest and political instability, leading to the loss of millions of lives and property, leaving people homeless, and straining the socio-political and economic fabrics of many African countries. 20 00 Open Access Adeogun Tolulope,Dorcas Ettang, Rabele Litlhare 29 03 06 10.36615/9780906785713-26 659 685 27 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 The African Union at 20: Youth Inclusivity and Agenda 2063 1 A01 Lennon Monyae Lennon Monyae 01 eng 02 00 Africa is endowed with innovative and inventive dynamism that should not be relegated to the margins of statistics. Mo Ibrahim Foundation (2019) findings indicate that Africa is currently experiencing a massive youth bulge, with approximately 60% of Africa’s population less than 25 years old, and this population is expected to grow by more than 180 03 00 Africa is endowed with innovative and inventive dynamism that should not be relegated to the margins of statistics. Mo Ibrahim Foundation (2019) findings indicate that Africa is currently experiencing a massive youth bulge, with approximately 60% of Africa’s population less than 25 years old, and this population is expected to grow by more than 180% by the end of the century. On the other hand, Europe’s youth will shrink by 21% and Asia’s by 28%. Projections by the same study project that by 2100, Africa’s youth population will be equivalent to twice Europe’s entire population. 30 00 Africa is endowed with innovative and inventive dynamism that should not be relegated to the margins of statistics. Mo Ibrahim Foundation (2019) findings indicate that Africa is currently experiencing a massive youth bulge, with approximately 60% of Africa’s population less than 25 years old, and this population is expected to grow by more than 180% by the end of the century. On the other hand, Europe’s youth will shrink by 21% and Asia’s by 28%. Projections by the same study project that by 2100, Africa’s youth population will be equivalent to twice Europe’s entire population. 20 00 Open Access Lennon Monyae 30 03 06 10.36615/9780906785713-27 689 715 27 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 The African Union’s Strategy for Digital Transformation in Africa Maximising Opportunities and Overcoming Challenges 1 A01 21 0000-0001-7151-7080 Odilile Ayodele Odilile Ayodele 40 056206b04 Human Sciences Research Council 01 eng 02 00 Scholars and practitioners of African politics and African Union (AU) studies have been bedevilled by intersecting crises in the 2020s, including faltering democratisation (Fomunyoh 2020; Xolani, Nkosingiphile &amp; Muzi 2022), growing insecurity (Obadare 2023; Siaplay &amp; Werker 2023), and lopsided economic development patterns that originated d 03 00 Scholars and practitioners of African politics and African Union (AU) studies have been bedevilled by intersecting crises in the 2020s, including faltering democratisation (Fomunyoh 2020; Xolani, Nkosingiphile &amp; Muzi 2022), growing insecurity (Obadare 2023; Siaplay &amp; Werker 2023), and lopsided economic development patterns that originated during colonialism and further deepened during the Cold War (Cogneau, Dupraz &amp; Mesplé-Somps 2018; Cramer, Sender &amp; Oqubay 2020). Despite the efforts of national and regional actors to redress the dwindling economic performance of African states and rising insecurity as well as political instability, the failure to sprint towards continental integration has circumvented the ability to effect change, amidst the prospects for digital transformation. 30 00 Scholars and practitioners of African politics and African Union (AU) studies have been bedevilled by intersecting crises in the 2020s, including faltering democratisation (Fomunyoh 2020; Xolani, Nkosingiphile &amp; Muzi 2022), growing insecurity (Obadare 2023; Siaplay &amp; Werker 2023), and lopsided economic development patterns that originated during colonialism and further deepened during the Cold War (Cogneau, Dupraz &amp; Mesplé-Somps 2018; Cramer, Sender &amp; Oqubay 2020). Despite the efforts of national and regional actors to redress the dwindling economic performance of African states and rising insecurity as well as political instability, the failure to sprint towards continental integration has circumvented the ability to effect change, amidst the prospects for digital transformation. 20 00 Open Access Odilile Ayodele 31 03 06 10.36615/9780906785713-28 717 744 Chapter 01 01 Africa and the Curriculum Transformation Project Towards the Epistemic-Independent Africa We Want 1 A01 21 0000-0002-2706-9097 Everisto Benyera Everisto Benyera 40 048cwvf49 University of South Africa 01 eng 03 00 As stakeholders reflect on the African Union (AU)’s 20 years of existence, it must be re-emphasised that decolonisation is not an event, but a set of interlinked and dependent processes. These processes are meant to respond to the mutation of the empire from its founding as a political empire to its adaptive mode as an economic empire and to its current survival mode as an epistemic/cognitive empire. Decolonisation processes must be able to continuously respond to this mutation of colonialism which has given rise to coloniality. One of the ways Africa can respond is through transforming the curriculum, especially the university curriculum, in the quest for epistemic independence in Africa. 30 00 As stakeholders reflect on the African Union (AU)’s 20 years of existence, it must be re-emphasised that decolonisation is not an event, but a set of interlinked and dependent processes. These processes are meant to respond to the mutation of the empire from its founding as a political empire to its adaptive mode as an economic empire and to its current survival mode as an epistemic/cognitive empire. Decolonisation processes must be able to continuously respond to this mutation of colonialism which has given rise to coloniality. One of the ways Africa can respond is through transforming the curriculum, especially the university curriculum, in the quest for epistemic independence in Africa. 32 03 06 10.36615/9780906785713-29 745 778 34 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 African Union at 20: Health Systems Strengthening for Post‑COVID Dispensation 1 A01 21 0000-0003-2674-1520 Njabulo Mbanda Njabulo Mbanda 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 01 eng 02 00 In January 2014, the former chairperson of the African Union (AU) Commission, Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma, presented Agenda 2063: The Africa We Want as a blueprint and master plan for transforming the continent into “The Africa of the Future”. 03 00 In January 2014, the former chairperson of the African Union (AU) Commission, Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma, presented Agenda 2063: The Africa We Want as a blueprint and master plan for transforming the continent into “The Africa of the Future”. As a strategic framework, this agenda is also founded on an approach for inclusive and sustainable development, which represents, “a concrete manifestation of the Pan-African drive for unity, self-determination, freedom, progress, and collective prosperity pursued under Pan-Africanism and African Renaissance”. Through its broad flagship programmes that aim mainly to transform the continent into the global powerhouse of the future, Agenda 2063 also provides clear direction for the continent’s plans for ensuring healthy lives and promoting the wellbeing of all people. Incidentally, this is the exact focus of the United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), which are key to the theme of the chapter, as revealed in the table below. 30 00 In January 2014, the former chairperson of the African Union (AU) Commission, Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma, presented Agenda 2063: The Africa We Want as a blueprint and master plan for transforming the continent into “The Africa of the Future”. As a strategic framework, this agenda is also founded on an approach for inclusive and sustainable development, which represents, “a concrete manifestation of the Pan-African drive for unity, self-determination, freedom, progress, and collective prosperity pursued under Pan-Africanism and African Renaissance”. Through its broad flagship programmes that aim mainly to transform the continent into the global powerhouse of the future, Agenda 2063 also provides clear direction for the continent’s plans for ensuring healthy lives and promoting the wellbeing of all people. Incidentally, this is the exact focus of the United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), which are key to the theme of the chapter, as revealed in the table below. 20 00 Open Access Njabulo Mbanda 33 03 06 10.36615/9780906785713-30 779 803 25 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Africa, Climate Change, and Development Towards A Strategic Balancing Posture 1 A01 Ngono Louis Narcisse Ngono Louis Narcisse 01 eng 02 00 Over the decades, Africa has been at the receiving end of climate change. In the context of the global fight against climate change, Africa must act given its vulnerability and the threats to its development projections. 03 00 Over the decades, Africa has been at the receiving end of climate change. In the context of the global fight against climate change, Africa must act given its vulnerability and the threats to its development projections. Understood within the meaning of the United Nations Framework Convention as mutations attributable directly or indirectly to anthropogenic activities modifying the constitution of the global atmosphere and adding to natural climate variability, climate change is a major challenge for the world. No region is spared, least of all Africa, which is more than ever under the influence of extreme climatic phenomena likely to compromise its development trajectory, although it is anchored in a regional vision of economic emergence (AU 2015). This mutation is linked to an additional greenhouse effect caused by a model of planetary society mainly dependent on fossil fuels (Ngono 2022). This warming thus causes a sudden change in the climate which manifests itself through variations in climatic characteristics by establishing extreme phenomena such as rising sea levels, droughts, floods, cyclones, weakening of forests, threats to freshwater resources, agricultural crises, desertification, reduction of biodiversity, and the spread of tropical diseases. 30 00 Over the decades, Africa has been at the receiving end of climate change. In the context of the global fight against climate change, Africa must act given its vulnerability and the threats to its development projections. Understood within the meaning of the United Nations Framework Convention as mutations attributable directly or indirectly to anthropogenic activities modifying the constitution of the global atmosphere and adding to natural climate variability, climate change is a major challenge for the world. No region is spared, least of all Africa, which is more than ever under the influence of extreme climatic phenomena likely to compromise its development trajectory, although it is anchored in a regional vision of economic emergence (AU 2015). This mutation is linked to an additional greenhouse effect caused by a model of planetary society mainly dependent on fossil fuels (Ngono 2022). This warming thus causes a sudden change in the climate which manifests itself through variations in climatic characteristics by establishing extreme phenomena such as rising sea levels, droughts, floods, cyclones, weakening of forests, threats to freshwater resources, agricultural crises, desertification, reduction of biodiversity, and the spread of tropical diseases. 20 00 Open Access Ngono Louis Narcisse UJ Press 01 URL https://ujpress.uj.ac.za 01 UJ Press 01 Publisher's website: home page https://ujpress.uj.ac.za/ 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/283 Johannesburg 04 01 20250628 Khabele Matlosa, Adeoye O. Akinola; Sven Botha, Ebrima Sall, Siphamandla Zondi, Eddy Maloka, Hesphina Rukato, Horace G Campbell, Osy Ezechukwunyere Nwebo, Kayode Eesuola, Seife K Tadelle, Lemuel Odeh, Olawale Yemisi, Kai-Ann D Skeete, Tshepo Gwatiwa, Dawn Isabel Nagar, James Zotto, Ndubuisi Christian Ani, Tim K Murithi, Laeed Zaghlami, Belkacem Iratni, Tazoacha Francis, Samuel Mondays Atuobi, Fredrick Ogenga, Ratidzo C Makombe, Habu Mohammed, Dorcas Ettang, Nompumelelo Ndawonde, Adeogun Tolulope, Rabele Litlhare, Lennon Monyae, Odilile Ayodele, Everisto Benyera, Njabulo Mbanda, Ngono Louis Narcisse 02 WORLD 06 15 9780906785713 06 15 9780906785737 06 15 9780906785720 WORLD 11 Unknown 36 Unspecified hosting platform: webpage for this product https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/283 29 Unspecified hosting platform: download the title https://www.amazon.co.za/dp/0906785707 20 08 20250628 02 575.00 ZAR WORLD urn:uuid:83c8c801-5415-4de6-90a8-fdf542364495 03 01 01 thoth-work-id urn:uuid:15fe9d06-6ed8-4309-95a5-9024def08689 01 thoth-publication-id urn:uuid:83c8c801-5415-4de6-90a8-fdf542364495 15 9780906785713 06 10.36615/9780906785713 00 EB E107 10 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 01 01 African Union and Agenda 2063 The Past, Present and Future 1 B01 21 0000-0002-5701-0475 Adeoye Akinola Adeoye Akinola 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg Dr Adeoye O. Akinola is the Head of Research and Teaching at the Institute for Pan-African Thought and Conversation, University of Johannesburg. &nbsp; 2 B01 21 0000-0003-4185-593X Khabele Matlosa Khabele Matlosa 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 40 056206b04 Human Sciences Research Council 3 A01 21 0000-0002-3957-9086 Sven Botha Sven Botha Sven Botha 40 00g0p6g84 University of Pretoria 4 A01 Ebrima Sall Ebrima Sall 40 01r55tz35 TrustAfrica 5 A01 Siphamandla Zondi Siphamandla Zondi 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 6 A01 Eddy Maloka Eddy Maloka 7 A01 Hesphina Rukato Hesphina Rukato 8 A01 21 0000-0003-2741-6623 Horace G Campbell Horace G Campbell 40 025r5qe02 Syracuse University 9 A01 Osy Ezechukwunyere Nwebo Osy Ezechukwunyere Nwebo 40 0257ekp23 Imo State University 10 A01 21 0000-0002-4962-4354 Kayode Eesuola Kayode Eesuola 40 05rk03822 University of Lagos 12 A01 21 0000-0003-2618-1199 Lemuel Odeh Lemuel Odeh 40 032kdwk38 University of Ilorin 13 A01 21 0000-0002-2817-9765 Olawale Yemisi Olawale Yemisi 40 03wx2rr30 University of Ibadan 14 A01 21 0000-0003-3043-0362 Kai-Ann D Skeete Kai-Ann D Skeete 40 05p4f7w60 University of the West Indies 15 A01 21 0000-0002-4661-2040 Tshepo Gwatiwa Tshepo Gwatiwa 40 01sf06y89 Macquarie University 16 A01 21 0000-0001-9040-9501 Dawn Isabel Nagar Dawn Isabel Nagar 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 17 A01 21 0000-0003-4185-593X Khabele Matlosa Khabele Matlosa 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 40 056206b04 Human Sciences Research Council 18 A01 21 0000-0002-5701-0475 Adeoye Akinola Adeoye Akinola 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 19 A01 21 0000-0002-9673-3924 James Zotto James Zotto 40 0479aed98 University of Dar es Salaam 20 A01 21 0000-0002-2457-6624 Ndubuisi Christian Ani Ndubuisi Christian Ani 40 00m3wrz48 United States Institute of Peace 21 A01 21 0000-0003-2791-6564 Tim K Murithi Tim K Murithi 40 01zsz0b12 Institute for Justice and Reconciliation 22 A01 21 0000-0001-9064-3461 Laeed Zaghlami Laeed Zaghlami 40 01pynjp12 University of Algiers 3 23 A01 21 0009-0007-4747-8836 Belkacem Iratni Belkacem Iratni 40 01pynjp12 University of Algiers 3 24 A01 21 0000-0002-0565-7832 Tazoacha Francis Tazoacha Francis 25 A01 Samuel Mondays Atuobi Samuel Mondays Atuobi 40 01jg4aw19 African Union Commission 26 A01 21 0000-0002-0044-3296 Fredrick Ogenga Fredrick Ogenga 40 019z2v446 Rongo University 27 A01 21 0000-0002-4918-415X Ratidzo C Makombe Ratidzo C Makombe 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 28 A01 21 0000-0002-3775-1620 Habu Mohammed Habu Mohammed 40 049pzty39 Bayero University Kano 29 A01 21 0000-0003-0086-2121 Dorcas Ettang Dorcas Ettang 40 0303y7a51 Durban University of Technology 30 A01 21 0009-0006-4399-2195 Nompumelelo Ndawonde Nompumelelo Ndawonde 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 31 A01 21 0000-0002-6505-4988 Adeogun Tolulope Adeogun Tolulope 40 0303y7a51 Durban University of Technology 32 A01 21 0000-0002-5962-7188 Rabele Litlhare Rabele Litlhare 40 00g0p6g84 University of Pretoria 33 A01 Lennon Monyae Lennon Monyae 34 A01 21 0000-0001-7151-7080 Odilile Ayodele Odilile Ayodele 40 056206b04 Human Sciences Research Council 35 A01 21 0000-0002-2706-9097 Everisto Benyera Everisto Benyera 40 048cwvf49 University of South Africa 36 A01 21 0000-0003-2674-1520 Njabulo Mbanda Njabulo Mbanda 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 37 A01 Ngono Louis Narcisse Ngono Louis Narcisse 01 eng 00 848 03 93 1QFB 93 JPW 20 Pan-Africanism 10 POL053000 20 peace and security 20 Agenda 2063 20 African union 20 Regional integration 20 Democratic Governance 01 06 02 00 Since its official launch on 9 July 2002 in Durban, South Africa, the African Union (AU) has taken on the complex mantle of promoting peace, governance, development, and continental integration—building on the legacy of its predecessor, the Organisation of African Unity (OAU). 03 00 Since its official launch on 9 July 2002 in Durban, South Africa, the African Union (AU) has taken on the complex mantle of promoting peace, governance, development, and continental integration—building on the legacy of its predecessor, the Organisation of African Unity (OAU). While the OAU championed the liberation and unity of African states, the AU expanded this vision under the broader framework of Pan-Africanism, aligning it with modern challenges and aspirations. As the AU marked its 20th anniversary in 2022, there emerged a critical need to evaluate its performance, particularly in relation to Agenda 2063: The Africa We Want—a strategic vision for Africa’s long-term transformation adopted in 2013. Understanding the AU’s trajectory requires reflection on the historical struggles that shaped Pan-Africanism, including colonialism, apartheid, and racial injustice. Key milestones such as the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) reflect progress, but limited advancement in flagship projects like the Free Movement of Persons and “Silencing the Guns” initiative highlights persistent challenges. This book, African Union and Agenda 2063: The Past, Present, and Future, undertakes a critical assessment of the AU’s 20-year record, aiming to reinvigorate Pan-African consciousness and examine the structural and political constraints hindering the Union’s effectiveness in achieving lasting peace, prosperity, and unity across the continent. 30 00 Since its official launch on 9 July 2002 in Durban, South Africa, the African Union (AU) has taken on the complex mantle of promoting peace, governance, development, and continental integration—building on the legacy of its predecessor, the Organisation of African Unity (OAU). While the OAU championed the liberation and unity of African states, the AU expanded this vision under the broader framework of Pan-Africanism, aligning it with modern challenges and aspirations. As the AU marked its 20th anniversary in 2022, there emerged a critical need to evaluate its performance, particularly in relation to Agenda 2063: The Africa We Want—a strategic vision for Africa’s long-term transformation adopted in 2013. Understanding the AU’s trajectory requires reflection on the historical struggles that shaped Pan-Africanism, including colonialism, apartheid, and racial injustice. Key milestones such as the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) reflect progress, but limited advancement in flagship projects like the Free Movement of Persons and “Silencing the Guns” initiative highlights persistent challenges. This book, African Union and Agenda 2063: The Past, Present, and Future, undertakes a critical assessment of the AU’s 20-year record, aiming to reinvigorate Pan-African consciousness and examine the structural and political constraints hindering the Union’s effectiveness in achieving lasting peace, prosperity, and unity across the continent. 04 00 Editorial Foreword Sven Botha Foreword Ebrima Sall Preface Africa: Pathways and Crossroads Siphamandla Zondi African Union and the Agenda 2063 Project Adeoye Akinola, Khabele Matlosa DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9780906785713-01 The Reform of the African Union History and Progress Eddy Maloka DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9780906785713-02 The African Union and the Pan‑African Agenda Hesphina Rukato DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9780906785713-03 Reconstruction and Reparative Justice for Global African Peoples in the 21st Century Horace G Campbell DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9780906785713-04 African Union Integration Agenda and the Challenges of Plurality and Sovereignty Osy Ezechukwunyere Nwebo DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9780906785713-05 African Union and the Leadership Conundrum Kayode Eesuola DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9780906785713-06 Africa Continental Free Trade Agreement – AfCFTA Prospects and Impediments Seife K Tadelle DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9780906785713-07 Rebuilding African Economy in a Globalised World The African Continental Free Trade Agreement (AfCFTA) and the Question of Intra‑African Trade Lemuel Odeh, Olawale Yemisi DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9780906785713-08 The Question of The Decade Is it Feasible for CARICOM to Co‑ordinate its Foreign Policy towards Africa? Kai-Ann D Skeete DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9780906785713-09 The African Union and the United States The Pursuit of a Strategic Partnership Tshepo Gwatiwa DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9780906785713-10 United Nations-African Union Relations Towards Sustainable Peace and Economic Development and the Attainment of Agenda 2063 Dawn Isabel Nagar DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9780906785713-11 Intra-African Migration and the Prospects for Regional Integration Khabele Matlosa DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9780906785713-12 Africa-EU Migration Between a Rock and a Hard Place? Adeoye Akinola DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9780906785713-13 The ‘Unholy Trinity Powers’ in the Malawi-Tanzania Border Dispute The Shaping of Postcolonial Relations in Southern Africa James Zotto DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9780906785713-14 The Quest for Peace in Africa Convergence and Fragmentation within the African Peace and Security Architecture (APSA) Ndubuisi Christian Ani DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9780906785713-15 Interrogating the AU’s Silencing the Guns in Africa Tim K Murithi DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9780906785713-16 Silencing the Guns in Africa from an Algerian Perspective Laeed Zaghlami, Belkacem Iratni DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9780906785713-17 Prioritising Human Security by the African Union at the Emergence of the New Global Hegemony Tazoacha Francis DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9780906785713-18 The Role of the African Union in Elections Samuel Mondays Atuobi DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9780906785713-19 Democracy, Governance, and Peacebuilding in Africa Technology, Cybercitizens and Kenya’s Post-2022 Election Jitters Fredrick Ogenga DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9780906785713-20 Election-related Violence in Africa A Reflection of the African Union’s Response Ratidzo C Makombe DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9780906785713-21 Governance, Contested Legitimacy, and the Resurgence of Military Coups in Africa The Role of the African Union Habu Mohammed DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9780906785713-22 African Union at 20 Gender Relations in Africa and Agenda 2063 Dorcas Ettang DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9780906785713-23 African Women Labour Migrants Assessing the African Union Free Movement of Persons Protocol Nompumelelo Ndawonde DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9780906785713-24 Theorising Women’s Inclusion in Peace Processes Towards the Actualisation of Agenda 2063 Rabele Litlhare DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9780906785713-25 The African Union at 20 Youth Inclusivity and Agenda 2063 Lennon Monyae DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9780906785713-26 The African Union’s Strategy for Digital Transformation in Africa Maximising Opportunities and Overcoming Challenges Odilile Ayodele DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9780906785713-27 Africa and the Curriculum Transformation Project Towards the Epistemic-Independent Africa We Want Everisto Benyera DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9780906785713-28 African Union at 20 Health Systems Strengthening for Post‑COVID Dispensation Njabulo Mbanda DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9780906785713-29 Africa, Climate Change, and Development Towards A Strategic Balancing Posture Ngono Louis Narcisse DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9780906785713-30 20 00 Open Access 01 00 03 02 https://books.ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/10.36615/9780906785713_frontcover.jpg 1 03 06 10.36615/9780906785713-00 xiii xiv 2 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Editorial Foreword 1 A01 Sven Botha Sven Botha 40 00g0p6g84 University of Pretoria 01 eng 02 00 The African Union (AU) and its predecessor, the Organisation for African Unity, have undergone many trials and tribulations. 03 00 The African Union (AU) and its predecessor, the Organisation for African Unity, have undergone many trials and tribulations. Pan-Africanist through leader and former South African President (1999-2008), Thabo Mbeki, summed up this journey as follows: 30 00 The African Union (AU) and its predecessor, the Organisation for African Unity, have undergone many trials and tribulations. Pan-Africanist through leader and former South African President (1999-2008), Thabo Mbeki, summed up this journey as follows: 20 00 Open Access Sven Botha 4 03 06 10.36615/9780906785713-01 3 28 26 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 African Union and the Agenda 2063 Project 1 B01 21 0000-0002-5701-0475 Adeoye Akinola Adeoye Akinola 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 2 B01 21 0000-0003-4185-593X Khabele Matlosa Khabele Matlosa 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 40 056206b04 Human Sciences Research Council 01 eng 02 00 On 9 July 2002, South Africa played host to eminent Africans as the African Union (AU) was officially founded and launched in its port city of Durban, amid diplomatic fanfare. The AU emerged as the custodian of continental unity and integration, inheriting the noble mantle from its precursor, the Organisation of Afri 03 00 On 9 July 2002, South Africa played host to eminent Africans as the African Union (AU) was officially founded and launched in its port city of Durban, amid diplomatic fanfare. The AU emerged as the custodian of continental unity and integration, inheriting the noble mantle from its precursor, the Organisation of African Unity (OAU), which had gallantly steered the course since its inception in 1963. Both the OAU and AU stand as formidable bastions of Pan-Africanism and heralds of the African Renaissance, epitomising the fervent pursuit of state-driven continental cohesion and solidarity. 30 00 On 9 July 2002, South Africa played host to eminent Africans as the African Union (AU) was officially founded and launched in its port city of Durban, amid diplomatic fanfare. The AU emerged as the custodian of continental unity and integration, inheriting the noble mantle from its precursor, the Organisation of African Unity (OAU), which had gallantly steered the course since its inception in 1963. Both the OAU and AU stand as formidable bastions of Pan-Africanism and heralds of the African Renaissance, epitomising the fervent pursuit of state-driven continental cohesion and solidarity. 20 00 Open Access Adeoye O Akinola, Khabele Matlosa 5 03 06 10.36615/9780906785713-02 29 44 16 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 The Reform of the African Union: History and Progress 1 A01 Eddy Maloka Eddy Maloka 01 eng 02 00 The imperative of reform within the African Union (AU) has been an ongoing process marked by pivotal transitions to elevate continental governance and prosperity. Originating from the nuanced negotiations of the Organisation of African Unity (OAU) Charter in 1963, the need to address unres 03 00 The imperative of reform within the African Union (AU) has been an ongoing process marked by pivotal transitions to elevate continental governance and prosperity. Originating from the nuanced negotiations of the Organisation of African Unity (OAU) Charter in 1963, the need to address unresolved issues within its framework laid the foundation for subsequent reform agendas. The OAU’s shortcomings in effectively addressing key challenges such as development, governance, peace, security, and Africa’s global positioning underscored the necessity for reformative measures. Engaging African citizens further justified recalibrating the organisation to align with continental aspirations. The evolution of reformative paradigms over successive generations saw visionary leadership emerge during the ‘plans without champions’ era, with figures like Adebayo Adedeji spearheading transformative initiatives such as the Lagos Plan of Action and the Abuja Treaty. However, the slow pace of reform prompted a shift towards a more assertive, action-oriented approach during the era of ‘champions’, led by figures like former South African president Thabo Mbeki, Nigerian president Olusegun Obasanjo, and Libyan president Muammar Gaddafi. 30 00 The imperative of reform within the African Union (AU) has been an ongoing process marked by pivotal transitions to elevate continental governance and prosperity. Originating from the nuanced negotiations of the Organisation of African Unity (OAU) Charter in 1963, the need to address unresolved issues within its framework laid the foundation for subsequent reform agendas. The OAU’s shortcomings in effectively addressing key challenges such as development, governance, peace, security, and Africa’s global positioning underscored the necessity for reformative measures. Engaging African citizens further justified recalibrating the organisation to align with continental aspirations. The evolution of reformative paradigms over successive generations saw visionary leadership emerge during the ‘plans without champions’ era, with figures like Adebayo Adedeji spearheading transformative initiatives such as the Lagos Plan of Action and the Abuja Treaty. However, the slow pace of reform prompted a shift towards a more assertive, action-oriented approach during the era of ‘champions’, led by figures like former South African president Thabo Mbeki, Nigerian president Olusegun Obasanjo, and Libyan president Muammar Gaddafi. 20 00 Open Access Eddy Maloka 6 03 06 10.36615/9780906785713-03 47 74 28 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 The African Union and the Pan‑African Agenda 1 A01 Hesphina Rukato Hesphina Rukato 01 eng 02 00 A comprehensive discussion and analysis of the African Union (AU) and its Pan-African Agenda requires a consideration of Africa’s history, as well as how Africans have and continue to respond to slavery and colonialism. Among the most notable of these responses is the growth of Pan-Africanism globally, as well as struggles for the independence of A 03 00 A comprehensive discussion and analysis of the African Union (AU) and its Pan-African Agenda requires a consideration of Africa’s history, as well as how Africans have and continue to respond to slavery and colonialism. Among the most notable of these responses is the growth of Pan-Africanism globally, as well as struggles for the independence of African countries from colonial domination. Slavery and colonialism carved a master-servant relationship between the colonial powers and the colonised African countries. This asymmetric relation still characterises Africa’s engagement with the rest of the world today, and it has continued to entrench the continent’s political, economic, social, and cultural marginalisation. 30 00 A comprehensive discussion and analysis of the African Union (AU) and its Pan-African Agenda requires a consideration of Africa’s history, as well as how Africans have and continue to respond to slavery and colonialism. Among the most notable of these responses is the growth of Pan-Africanism globally, as well as struggles for the independence of African countries from colonial domination. Slavery and colonialism carved a master-servant relationship between the colonial powers and the colonised African countries. This asymmetric relation still characterises Africa’s engagement with the rest of the world today, and it has continued to entrench the continent’s political, economic, social, and cultural marginalisation. 20 00 Open Access Hesphina Rukato 7 03 06 10.36615/9780906785713-04 75 113 39 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Reconstruction and Reparative Justice for Global African Peoples in the 21st Century 1 A01 21 0000-0003-2741-6623 Horace G Campbell Horace G Campbell 40 025r5qe02 Syracuse University 01 eng 02 00 The vigilant African optimism that was invoked by Cheikh Anta Diop is being deployed in the face of the challenges to humanity accentuated by the crises of global capital. From the period of the Atlantic slave trade, through Jim Crow, the colonial period, and apartheid, the organisational capabilities 03 00 The vigilant African optimism that was invoked by Cheikh Anta Diop is being deployed in the face of the challenges to humanity accentuated by the crises of global capital. From the period of the Atlantic slave trade, through Jim Crow, the colonial period, and apartheid, the organisational capabilities of African peoples for emancipation and the humanisation of the planet Earth had prevented humanity from slipping into total barbarism. The resistance to enslavement, whether in Africa or the Western world, created the basis and momentum that led to the formation of organisations and the birth of the idea of Pan Africanism. 30 00 The vigilant African optimism that was invoked by Cheikh Anta Diop is being deployed in the face of the challenges to humanity accentuated by the crises of global capital. From the period of the Atlantic slave trade, through Jim Crow, the colonial period, and apartheid, the organisational capabilities of African peoples for emancipation and the humanisation of the planet Earth had prevented humanity from slipping into total barbarism. The resistance to enslavement, whether in Africa or the Western world, created the basis and momentum that led to the formation of organisations and the birth of the idea of Pan Africanism. 20 00 Open Access Horace G Campbell 8 03 06 10.36615/9780906785713-05 117 140 24 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 African Union Integration Agenda and the Challenges of Plurality and Sovereignty 1 A01 Osy Ezechukwunyere Nwebo Osy Ezechukwunyere Nwebo 40 0257ekp23 Imo State University 01 eng 02 00 The determination of African leaders to pursue the ideal of African integration has a long history that dates to the early period of the development of Pan-Africanism. In other words, the development of Pan-Africanism is intertwined with the determination of African peoples to address the challenges of unity, peace, security, and stability on the c 03 00 The determination of African leaders to pursue the ideal of African integration has a long history that dates to the early period of the development of Pan-Africanism. In other words, the development of Pan-Africanism is intertwined with the determination of African peoples to address the challenges of unity, peace, security, and stability on the continent (Nwebo 2020:438). This objective is aptly encapsulated in the vision of the African Union (AU), which is to build “an integrated, prosperous and peaceful Africa, driven by its citizens and representing a dynamic force in the global arena”.1 The vision crystalised in the institutionalisation of the ideals of Pan-Africanism manifested in the formation of the Organisation of African Unity (OAU) in 1963 and its eventual transformation to the AU, with its integration agenda as a necessary adjunct of Africa’s socio-economic and political development. 30 00 The determination of African leaders to pursue the ideal of African integration has a long history that dates to the early period of the development of Pan-Africanism. In other words, the development of Pan-Africanism is intertwined with the determination of African peoples to address the challenges of unity, peace, security, and stability on the continent (Nwebo 2020:438). This objective is aptly encapsulated in the vision of the African Union (AU), which is to build “an integrated, prosperous and peaceful Africa, driven by its citizens and representing a dynamic force in the global arena”.1 The vision crystalised in the institutionalisation of the ideals of Pan-Africanism manifested in the formation of the Organisation of African Unity (OAU) in 1963 and its eventual transformation to the AU, with its integration agenda as a necessary adjunct of Africa’s socio-economic and political development. 20 00 Open Access Osy Ezechukwunyere Nwebo 9 03 06 10.36615/9780906785713-06 141 159 19 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 African Union and the Leadership Conundrum 1 A01 21 0000-0002-4962-4354 Kayode Eesuola Kayode Eesuola 40 05rk03822 University of Lagos 01 eng 02 00 This chapter attempts a discourse of the African Union (AU) within the context of leadership on the African continent. Doing it essentially requires a delve into history, especially on the evolution of the union and its current trajectory. 03 00 This chapter attempts a discourse of the African Union (AU) within the context of leadership on the African continent. Doing it essentially requires a delve into history, especially on the evolution of the union and its current trajectory. Indeed, “history helps us understand and grapple with complex questions and dilemmas by examining how the past has shaped (and continues to shape) global, national, and local relationships between societies and people. Historians use a wide range of sources to weave individual lives and collective actions into narratives that bring critical perspectives on both our past and our present” (Department of History 2023). The subsequent section interrogates the complex questions and dilemmas of leadership, otherwise termed the “leadership conundrum” in Africa. 30 00 This chapter attempts a discourse of the African Union (AU) within the context of leadership on the African continent. Doing it essentially requires a delve into history, especially on the evolution of the union and its current trajectory. Indeed, “history helps us understand and grapple with complex questions and dilemmas by examining how the past has shaped (and continues to shape) global, national, and local relationships between societies and people. Historians use a wide range of sources to weave individual lives and collective actions into narratives that bring critical perspectives on both our past and our present” (Department of History 2023). The subsequent section interrogates the complex questions and dilemmas of leadership, otherwise termed the “leadership conundrum” in Africa. 20 00 Open Access Kayode Eesuola 10 03 06 10.36615/9780906785713-07 161 186 26 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Africa Continental Free Trade Agreement – AfCFTA: Prospects and Impediments 1 A01 21 0000-0002-6307-5427 Seife K Tadelle Seife Tadelle 01 eng 02 00 The African Union’s (AU) efforts to promote intra-African Trade have reached a zenith with the ratification of the African Continental Free Trade Agreement (AfCFTA) by 24 countries in May 2019. AfCFTA aims at increasing Africa’s economic growth and industrial competitiveness. As a part of the larger Pan-African vision, the initiative is a part of t 03 00 The African Union’s (AU) efforts to promote intra-African Trade have reached a zenith with the ratification of the African Continental Free Trade Agreement (AfCFTA) by 24 countries in May 2019. AfCFTA aims at increasing Africa’s economic growth and industrial competitiveness. As a part of the larger Pan-African vision, the initiative is a part of the commitment to building economic and political unity and enhancing the attainment of Agenda 2063. According to Geda and Yimer (2019), the AfCFTA agreement aims to provide better opportunities to gain economies of scale and efficiency through greater competition and specialisation. As anticipated, it offers a more attractive domestic market for international and local investment. In addition, an increase in intra-regional commerce would boost economic expansion and help pull people out of poverty. 30 00 The African Union’s (AU) efforts to promote intra-African Trade have reached a zenith with the ratification of the African Continental Free Trade Agreement (AfCFTA) by 24 countries in May 2019. AfCFTA aims at increasing Africa’s economic growth and industrial competitiveness. As a part of the larger Pan-African vision, the initiative is a part of the commitment to building economic and political unity and enhancing the attainment of Agenda 2063. According to Geda and Yimer (2019), the AfCFTA agreement aims to provide better opportunities to gain economies of scale and efficiency through greater competition and specialisation. As anticipated, it offers a more attractive domestic market for international and local investment. In addition, an increase in intra-regional commerce would boost economic expansion and help pull people out of poverty. 20 00 Open Access Seife K Tadelle 11 03 06 10.36615/9780906785713-08 187 208 22 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Rebuilding African Economy in a Globalised World: The African Continental Free Trade Agreement (AfCFTA) and the Question of Intra‑African Trade 1 A01 21 0000-0003-2618-1199 Lemuel Odeh Lemuel Odeh 40 032kdwk38 University of Ilorin 2 A01 21 0000-0002-2817-9765 Olawale Yemisi Olawale Yemisi 40 03wx2rr30 University of Ibadan 01 eng 02 00 In postcolonial Africa, the growth and development of the economy have been long-standing issues. Over the years, the African continent has been disadvantageously positioned in the global economy, despite its abundant human and natural resources, as well as its contribution to the mainstream global economy. 03 00 In postcolonial Africa, the growth and development of the economy have been long-standing issues. Over the years, the African continent has been disadvantageously positioned in the global economy, despite its abundant human and natural resources, as well as its contribution to the mainstream global economy. Africa holds a significant share of the world’s resources, with approximately 30% of global mineral reserves, 12% of oil reserves, and 8% of natural gas reserves situated on the continent (Mohseni-Cheraghlou 2023). Mainstream literature, theories, and African-centred analysis on institutional performance have primarily considered Africa a disadvantaged continent and at the receiving end of an institutional framework structured to reward the United States (US)-dominated brand of capitalism, while also benefiting other industrial states and international financial institutions (IFIs), governed by the free market system. 30 00 In postcolonial Africa, the growth and development of the economy have been long-standing issues. Over the years, the African continent has been disadvantageously positioned in the global economy, despite its abundant human and natural resources, as well as its contribution to the mainstream global economy. Africa holds a significant share of the world’s resources, with approximately 30% of global mineral reserves, 12% of oil reserves, and 8% of natural gas reserves situated on the continent (Mohseni-Cheraghlou 2023). Mainstream literature, theories, and African-centred analysis on institutional performance have primarily considered Africa a disadvantaged continent and at the receiving end of an institutional framework structured to reward the United States (US)-dominated brand of capitalism, while also benefiting other industrial states and international financial institutions (IFIs), governed by the free market system. 20 00 Open Access Lemuel Odeh, Olawale Yemisi 12 03 06 10.36615/9780906785713-09 211 233 23 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 The Question of The Decade: Is it Feasible for CARICOM to Co‑ordinate its Foreign Policy towards Africa? 1 A01 21 0000-0003-3043-0362 Kai-Ann D Skeete Kai-Ann D Skeete 40 05p4f7w60 University of the West Indies 01 eng 02 00 Once dubbed a paradox by Anthony Payne due to the unique arrangement of a community of sovereign states, the Caribbean Community and Common Market (CARICOM) is guided by Article 6 of the Revised Treaty of Chaguaramas, which mandates the regional body to enhance the co-ordination of member states’ foreign policies. However, even with a Council for F 03 00 Once dubbed a paradox by Anthony Payne due to the unique arrangement of a community of sovereign states, the Caribbean Community and Common Market (CARICOM) is guided by Article 6 of the Revised Treaty of Chaguaramas, which mandates the regional body to enhance the co-ordination of member states’ foreign policies. However, even with a Council for Foreign and Community Relations (COFCOR) and a Prime Ministerial Sub-committee on External Relations, CARICOM has failed to achieve one of its integral pillars – the co-ordination of member states’ foreign policy. This has resulted in numerous insurmountable tensions, as countries have strayed from CARICOM’s scrutiny and delved into bilateral or plurilateral arrangements. 30 00 Once dubbed a paradox by Anthony Payne due to the unique arrangement of a community of sovereign states, the Caribbean Community and Common Market (CARICOM) is guided by Article 6 of the Revised Treaty of Chaguaramas, which mandates the regional body to enhance the co-ordination of member states’ foreign policies. However, even with a Council for Foreign and Community Relations (COFCOR) and a Prime Ministerial Sub-committee on External Relations, CARICOM has failed to achieve one of its integral pillars – the co-ordination of member states’ foreign policy. This has resulted in numerous insurmountable tensions, as countries have strayed from CARICOM’s scrutiny and delved into bilateral or plurilateral arrangements. 20 00 Open Access Kai-Ann D Skeete 13 03 06 10.36615/9780906785713-10 235 259 25 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 The African Union and the United States: The Pursuit of a Strategic Partnership 1 A01 21 0000-0002-4661-2040 Tshepo Gwatiwa Tshepo Gwatiwa 40 01sf06y89 Macquarie University 01 eng 02 00 The African Union (AU) has been one of the key organisations and most important actors in the interstices of collective diplomacy, multilateralism, and inter-regionalism for the past 20 years. From a regionalist perspective, Africa’s future largely depends on the effectiveness of the African Union Commission (AUC), because it negotiates and impleme 03 00 The African Union (AU) has been one of the key organisations and most important actors in the interstices of collective diplomacy, multilateralism, and inter-regionalism for the past 20 years. From a regionalist perspective, Africa’s future largely depends on the effectiveness of the African Union Commission (AUC), because it negotiates and implements international agreements on various issues, especially on security and development. These two are very important, given the view that security and/or political stability are a prerequisite for African development and prosperity. It is imperative to highlight that the AU is a relatively nascent organisation, representing the world’s most fledgling nation states, in terms of statemaking and nationbuilding1. Hence, Africa faces two challenges. The first is how to catch up with the rest of the world, in terms of security and development. 30 00 The African Union (AU) has been one of the key organisations and most important actors in the interstices of collective diplomacy, multilateralism, and inter-regionalism for the past 20 years. From a regionalist perspective, Africa’s future largely depends on the effectiveness of the African Union Commission (AUC), because it negotiates and implements international agreements on various issues, especially on security and development. These two are very important, given the view that security and/or political stability are a prerequisite for African development and prosperity. It is imperative to highlight that the AU is a relatively nascent organisation, representing the world’s most fledgling nation states, in terms of statemaking and nationbuilding1. Hence, Africa faces two challenges. The first is how to catch up with the rest of the world, in terms of security and development. 20 00 Open Access Tshepo Gwatiwa 14 03 06 10.36615/9780906785713-11 261 292 32 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 United Nations-African Union Relations: Towards Sustainable Peace and Economic Development and the Attainment of Agenda 2063 1 A01 21 0000-0001-9040-9501 Dawn Isabel Nagar Dawn Isabel Nagar 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 01 eng 02 00 This chapter provides a constructive discussion of the actors and factors relevant to the African Union (AU)’s relations with the United Nations (UN) and their respective institutions. The chapter further provides a critical assessment concerning the rules of engagement between these two international organisations over 20 years since the establish 03 00 This chapter provides a constructive discussion of the actors and factors relevant to the African Union (AU)’s relations with the United Nations (UN) and their respective institutions. The chapter further provides a critical assessment concerning the rules of engagement between these two international organisations over 20 years since the establishment of the AU in 2002. The major discussion adopts a political economy, human security, and developmental-led approach situated in fundamental international relations theories, critique, and debates to assess how the relations between these two organisations have fared, see where the gaps are, and identify key recommendations toward building solid relations. Addressing the AU and its relations with the UN’s peace and security architecture to achieve the AU’s Agenda 2063, therefore cannot be discussed in the absence of geopolitical economics. 30 00 This chapter provides a constructive discussion of the actors and factors relevant to the African Union (AU)’s relations with the United Nations (UN) and their respective institutions. The chapter further provides a critical assessment concerning the rules of engagement between these two international organisations over 20 years since the establishment of the AU in 2002. The major discussion adopts a political economy, human security, and developmental-led approach situated in fundamental international relations theories, critique, and debates to assess how the relations between these two organisations have fared, see where the gaps are, and identify key recommendations toward building solid relations. Addressing the AU and its relations with the UN’s peace and security architecture to achieve the AU’s Agenda 2063, therefore cannot be discussed in the absence of geopolitical economics. 20 00 Open Access Dawn Isabel Nagar 15 03 06 10.36615/9780906785713-12 295 316 22 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Intra-African Migration and the Prospects for Regional Integration 1 B01 21 0000-0003-4185-593X Khabele Matlosa Khabele Matlosa 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 01 eng 02 00 The African Union (AU) has a four-pronged agenda for continental unity and integration: peace and security, democracy and governance, socio-economic development, and repositioning Africa in the global arena. 03 00 The African Union (AU) has a four-pronged agenda for continental unity and integration: peace and security, democracy and governance, socio-economic development, and repositioning Africa in the global arena. A major theme that cuts across the four agendas is migration (i.e. human movement). It needs to be emphasised that migration has been part and parcel of human life from time immemorial (Cohen 2019). It cannot be wished away. It is here to stay. 30 00 The African Union (AU) has a four-pronged agenda for continental unity and integration: peace and security, democracy and governance, socio-economic development, and repositioning Africa in the global arena. A major theme that cuts across the four agendas is migration (i.e. human movement). It needs to be emphasised that migration has been part and parcel of human life from time immemorial (Cohen 2019). It cannot be wished away. It is here to stay. 20 00 Open Access Khabele Matlosa 16 03 06 10.36615/9780906785713-13 317 349 33 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Africa-EU Migration: Between a Rock and a Hard Place? 1 B01 21 0000-0002-5701-0475 Adeoye Akinola Adeoye Akinola 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 01 eng 02 00 Migration is as old as human history. Africa-Europe migration is intricately woven with the timeless thread of contention, asymmetrical relations, and unresolved questions. Dating back to the pre-colonial and colonial dispensations, the movement of people across the two regions occupies a decisive space in Africa-Europe relations. 03 00 Migration is as old as human history. Africa-Europe migration is intricately woven with the timeless thread of contention, asymmetrical relations, and unresolved questions. Dating back to the pre-colonial and colonial dispensations, the movement of people across the two regions occupies a decisive space in Africa-Europe relations. Its historical resonance not only evokes the enduring ties that have bound these regions, but also illuminates the contemporary picture, wherein shared challenges and opportunities assume paramount significance. Migration in contemporary Africa-Europe relations emerges not merely as a vestige of the past, but as a potent catalyst propelling the current and future trajectory of collaboration between Africa and Europe. 30 00 Migration is as old as human history. Africa-Europe migration is intricately woven with the timeless thread of contention, asymmetrical relations, and unresolved questions. Dating back to the pre-colonial and colonial dispensations, the movement of people across the two regions occupies a decisive space in Africa-Europe relations. Its historical resonance not only evokes the enduring ties that have bound these regions, but also illuminates the contemporary picture, wherein shared challenges and opportunities assume paramount significance. Migration in contemporary Africa-Europe relations emerges not merely as a vestige of the past, but as a potent catalyst propelling the current and future trajectory of collaboration between Africa and Europe. 20 00 Open Access Adeoye O Akinola 17 03 06 10.36615/9780906785713-14 351 377 27 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 The ‘Unholy Trinity Powers’ in the Malawi-Tanzania Border Dispute: The Shaping of Postcolonial Relations in Southern Africa 1 A01 21 0000-0002-9673-3924 James Zotto James Zotto 40 0479aed98 University of Dar es Salaam 01 eng 02 00 After the independence of Malawi and Tanzania in the early 1960s, their relations soured, especially at the state level, following the countries’ laying of claim to Lake Nyasa. Whereas Malawi claimed that its sovereign territory with Tanzania is on the shore of Lake Nyasa in Tanzania (I call it the Eastern shoreline), Tanzania tenaciously recognise 03 00 After the independence of Malawi and Tanzania in the early 1960s, their relations soured, especially at the state level, following the countries’ laying of claim to Lake Nyasa. Whereas Malawi claimed that its sovereign territory with Tanzania is on the shore of Lake Nyasa in Tanzania (I call it the Eastern shoreline), Tanzania tenaciously recognised a boundary in the middle of Lake Nyasa (I call it the Middle line). Thorny relations between Tanzania and Malawi are attributed to both colonial and postcolonial forces. The influence of the colonial powers on the Malawi-Tanzania border dispute is highlighted by inconsistencies contained in colonial cartography, contradictions in the application of the mandate system in Tanganyika, and the ambiguities in the interpretation of the Anglo-German Agreement of 1 July 1890, which established the boundary between Nyasaland and German East Africa. 30 00 After the independence of Malawi and Tanzania in the early 1960s, their relations soured, especially at the state level, following the countries’ laying of claim to Lake Nyasa. Whereas Malawi claimed that its sovereign territory with Tanzania is on the shore of Lake Nyasa in Tanzania (I call it the Eastern shoreline), Tanzania tenaciously recognised a boundary in the middle of Lake Nyasa (I call it the Middle line). Thorny relations between Tanzania and Malawi are attributed to both colonial and postcolonial forces. The influence of the colonial powers on the Malawi-Tanzania border dispute is highlighted by inconsistencies contained in colonial cartography, contradictions in the application of the mandate system in Tanganyika, and the ambiguities in the interpretation of the Anglo-German Agreement of 1 July 1890, which established the boundary between Nyasaland and German East Africa. 20 00 Open Access James Zotto 18 03 06 10.36615/9780906785713-15 381 400 20 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 The Quest for Peace in Africa: Convergence and Fragmentation within the African Peace and Security Architecture (APSA) 1 A01 21 0000-0002-2457-6624 Ndubuisi Christian Ani Ndubuisi Christian Ani 40 00m3wrz48 United States Institute of Peace 01 eng 02 00 Over the past three years, the African continent has been faced with a coup crisis driven by a renewed citizen demand for democratic dividends. Many of the coups in West Africa – specifically in Niger, Mali and Burkina Faso – are driven by widespread discontent over state ineptitude in the face of rising violent extremism, farmer-herder conflict, s 03 00 Over the past three years, the African continent has been faced with a coup crisis driven by a renewed citizen demand for democratic dividends. Many of the coups in West Africa – specifically in Niger, Mali and Burkina Faso – are driven by widespread discontent over state ineptitude in the face of rising violent extremism, farmer-herder conflict, secessionist agitations, the COVID-19 pandemic, and environmental disasters that have claimed lives and displaced many. The political and security landscape is complicated by a rise in global power competition leading to the involvement of new security partners such as the Wagner mercenaries, while European partners have been forced to draw down or withdraw their forces in certain regions such as the Sahel. The evolving security situation calls into question the proactiveness and efficacy of the African security alliance in the framework of the African Peace and Security Architecture (APSA). 30 00 Over the past three years, the African continent has been faced with a coup crisis driven by a renewed citizen demand for democratic dividends. Many of the coups in West Africa – specifically in Niger, Mali and Burkina Faso – are driven by widespread discontent over state ineptitude in the face of rising violent extremism, farmer-herder conflict, secessionist agitations, the COVID-19 pandemic, and environmental disasters that have claimed lives and displaced many. The political and security landscape is complicated by a rise in global power competition leading to the involvement of new security partners such as the Wagner mercenaries, while European partners have been forced to draw down or withdraw their forces in certain regions such as the Sahel. The evolving security situation calls into question the proactiveness and efficacy of the African security alliance in the framework of the African Peace and Security Architecture (APSA). 20 00 Open Access Ndubuisi Christian Ani 19 03 06 10.36615/9780906785713-16 401 419 19 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Interrogating the AU’s Silencing the Guns in Africa 1 A01 21 0000-0003-2791-6564 Tim K Murithi Tim K Murithi 40 01zsz0b12 Institute for Justice and Reconciliation 01 eng 02 00 The African Union (AU) is embarking on its second decade, and it is apt to assess the challenges that it has confronted in terms of efforts to promote peace, security, governance, and the improvement of the livelihood of its constituent peoples. According to the Armed Conflict Location and Event Data Project (ACLED), the African continent is afflic 03 00 The African Union (AU) is embarking on its second decade, and it is apt to assess the challenges that it has confronted in terms of efforts to promote peace, security, governance, and the improvement of the livelihood of its constituent peoples. According to the Armed Conflict Location and Event Data Project (ACLED), the African continent is afflicted by 35 conflicts, of variable intensity, which has led to the displacement of more than 40 million persons across the continent (ACLED 2023). The AU’s Agenda 2063 identifies one of its objectives as the pursuit of “an integrated, prosperous, and peaceful Africa, driven by its citizens and representing a dynamic force in the international arena” (AU 2015). 30 00 The African Union (AU) is embarking on its second decade, and it is apt to assess the challenges that it has confronted in terms of efforts to promote peace, security, governance, and the improvement of the livelihood of its constituent peoples. According to the Armed Conflict Location and Event Data Project (ACLED), the African continent is afflicted by 35 conflicts, of variable intensity, which has led to the displacement of more than 40 million persons across the continent (ACLED 2023). The AU’s Agenda 2063 identifies one of its objectives as the pursuit of “an integrated, prosperous, and peaceful Africa, driven by its citizens and representing a dynamic force in the international arena” (AU 2015). 20 00 Open Access Tim K Murithi 20 03 06 10.36615/9780906785713-17 421 446 26 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Silencing the Guns in Africa from an Algerian Perspective 1 A01 21 0000-0001-9064-3461 Laeed Zaghlami Laeed Zaghlami 40 01pynjp12 University of Algiers 3 2 A01 21 0009-0007-4747-8836 Belkacem Iratni Belkacem Iratni 40 01pynjp12 University of Algiers 3 01 eng 02 00 The report presented at the opening session of the annual African Union (AU) summit held in Addis Ababa in February 2020 under the theme ‘Silencing the Guns: Creating Conducive Conditions for Africa’s Development’ painstakingly admitted “the failure of the engagement taken in 2013 to put an end to all the wars in Africa by 2020” (Algérie-eco 2020). 03 00 The report presented at the opening session of the annual African Union (AU) summit held in Addis Ababa in February 2020 under the theme ‘Silencing the Guns: Creating Conducive Conditions for Africa’s Development’ painstakingly admitted “the failure of the engagement taken in 2013 to put an end to all the wars in Africa by 2020” (Algérie-eco 2020). The AU extended this initiative until 2030 during the 14th extraordinary session of its assembly on Silencing the Guns held in December 2020 in Johannesburg, South Africa because of the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, the failure to consolidate peace, prevent violent extremism, foster democracy, and boost economic progress, has greatly hampered some gains in achieving peace and security in Africa. 30 00 The report presented at the opening session of the annual African Union (AU) summit held in Addis Ababa in February 2020 under the theme ‘Silencing the Guns: Creating Conducive Conditions for Africa’s Development’ painstakingly admitted “the failure of the engagement taken in 2013 to put an end to all the wars in Africa by 2020” (Algérie-eco 2020). The AU extended this initiative until 2030 during the 14th extraordinary session of its assembly on Silencing the Guns held in December 2020 in Johannesburg, South Africa because of the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, the failure to consolidate peace, prevent violent extremism, foster democracy, and boost economic progress, has greatly hampered some gains in achieving peace and security in Africa. 20 00 Open Access Laeed Zaghlami, Belkacem Iratni 21 03 06 10.36615/9780906785713-18 447 466 20 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Prioritising Human Security by the African Union at the Emergence of the New Global Hegemony 1 A01 21 0000-0002-0565-7832 Tazoacha Francis Tazoacha Francis 01 eng 02 00 Human security concerns are primordial in addressing the peace and security challenges that the African continent is facing today. Human security encompasses, firstly, the protection of individuals as a strategic concern for national as well as international security; secondly, it spells out that the security conditions for people’s development are 03 00 Human security concerns are primordial in addressing the peace and security challenges that the African continent is facing today. Human security encompasses, firstly, the protection of individuals as a strategic concern for national as well as international security; secondly, it spells out that the security conditions for people’s development are not bound to traditional matters of national defence, law, and order, but rather encompass all political, economic, and social issues enabling a life free from risk and fear. The world is characterised by insecurity and full of threats on many fronts. Natural disasters, tenacious poverty, violent conflicts, protracted crises, epidemics, and economic recessions inflict adversities and undercut prospects for peace, stability, and sustainable development (UN 2018). Such crises are intricate, necessitating numerous forms of human insecurity. 30 00 Human security concerns are primordial in addressing the peace and security challenges that the African continent is facing today. Human security encompasses, firstly, the protection of individuals as a strategic concern for national as well as international security; secondly, it spells out that the security conditions for people’s development are not bound to traditional matters of national defence, law, and order, but rather encompass all political, economic, and social issues enabling a life free from risk and fear. The world is characterised by insecurity and full of threats on many fronts. Natural disasters, tenacious poverty, violent conflicts, protracted crises, epidemics, and economic recessions inflict adversities and undercut prospects for peace, stability, and sustainable development (UN 2018). Such crises are intricate, necessitating numerous forms of human insecurity. 20 00 Open Access Tazoacha Francis 22 03 06 10.36615/9780906785713-19 469 491 23 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 The Role of the African Union in Elections 1 A01 Samuel Mondays Atuobi Samuel Mondays Atuobi 40 01jg4aw19 African Union Commission 01 eng 02 00 In 2002, a new organisation, the African Union (AU), replaced the Organisation of African Union (OAU). One of the objectives of the OAU was to “promote democratic principles and institutions, popular participation and good governance” (AU 2000:5). 03 00 In 2002, a new organisation, the African Union (AU), replaced the Organisation of African Union (OAU). One of the objectives of the OAU was to “promote democratic principles and institutions, popular participation and good governance” (AU 2000:5). This objective was based on the principles of “respect for democratic principles, human rights, the rule of law and good governance” (AU 2000:7) The objective and principles stated here as captured in the Constitutive Act of the organisation reveal its commitment to democratic principles which include regular, free, and fair elections. Before the AU was launched in 2002, the member states of the OAU had taken giant steps towards holding multiparty elections. For instance, from 1990 to 2001, about 175 presidential and parliamentary elections were held (see table below). Although most of its member states were already holding regular multiparty elections, there were fears that unconstitutional changes of governments would derail their efforts. In 2000, the OAU had to adopt the Lome Declaration on Combatting Unconstitutional Changes of Government (UCG) to guide against backtracking from the democratic path. Consequently, the new continental organisation had to carve a niche in terms of its role in promoting democratic elections. 30 00 In 2002, a new organisation, the African Union (AU), replaced the Organisation of African Union (OAU). One of the objectives of the OAU was to “promote democratic principles and institutions, popular participation and good governance” (AU 2000:5). This objective was based on the principles of “respect for democratic principles, human rights, the rule of law and good governance” (AU 2000:7) The objective and principles stated here as captured in the Constitutive Act of the organisation reveal its commitment to democratic principles which include regular, free, and fair elections. Before the AU was launched in 2002, the member states of the OAU had taken giant steps towards holding multiparty elections. For instance, from 1990 to 2001, about 175 presidential and parliamentary elections were held (see table below). Although most of its member states were already holding regular multiparty elections, there were fears that unconstitutional changes of governments would derail their efforts. In 2000, the OAU had to adopt the Lome Declaration on Combatting Unconstitutional Changes of Government (UCG) to guide against backtracking from the democratic path. Consequently, the new continental organisation had to carve a niche in terms of its role in promoting democratic elections. 20 00 Open Access Samuel Mondays Atuobi 23 03 06 10.36615/9780906785713-20 493 512 20 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Democracy, Governance, and Peacebuilding in Africa: Technology, Cybercitizens and Kenya’s Post-2022 Election Jitters 1 A01 21 0000-0002-0044-3296 Fredrick Ogenga Fredrick Ogenga 40 019z2v446 Rongo University 01 eng 02 00 There have been genuine concerns in public debates regarding the questions of democratic transition, democratic installations, and democratic consolidation in Africa, with varied responses. Of course, it appears that there are two dichotomies, driven by specific epistemic positions regarding ways of being African and attendant democracy in Africa o 03 00 There have been genuine concerns in public debates regarding the questions of democratic transition, democratic installations, and democratic consolidation in Africa, with varied responses. Of course, it appears that there are two dichotomies, driven by specific epistemic positions regarding ways of being African and attendant democracy in Africa or African democracy (Bah 2020; Ajulu 2022; Chitanga 2023; Ogenga 2021; Bah &amp; Ogenga 2020; Maweu &amp; Mare 2021). On the one hand, views that champion Pan-African positions in this debate are not in short supply. On the other, some align with the Western narratives that are still influenced by coloniality that seek to see democracy ‘flourish’ in Africa the Western way (Kobuthi 2023.) The latter view has taken centre stage by celebrating liberal democracy. This can always be fingered for the problematic trajectory that democracy in Africa has assumed in the recent past. Nyere (2022) and Chitanga (2023), for example, demonstrate how democratic institutionalisms thrive on institutions that project coloniality of power par excellence, influencing the universal epistemic frames of global power configurations with those on the receiving end being 30 00 There have been genuine concerns in public debates regarding the questions of democratic transition, democratic installations, and democratic consolidation in Africa, with varied responses. Of course, it appears that there are two dichotomies, driven by specific epistemic positions regarding ways of being African and attendant democracy in Africa or African democracy (Bah 2020; Ajulu 2022; Chitanga 2023; Ogenga 2021; Bah &amp; Ogenga 2020; Maweu &amp; Mare 2021). On the one hand, views that champion Pan-African positions in this debate are not in short supply. On the other, some align with the Western narratives that are still influenced by coloniality that seek to see democracy ‘flourish’ in Africa the Western way (Kobuthi 2023.) The latter view has taken centre stage by celebrating liberal democracy. This can always be fingered for the problematic trajectory that democracy in Africa has assumed in the recent past. Nyere (2022) and Chitanga (2023), for example, demonstrate how democratic institutionalisms thrive on institutions that project coloniality of power par excellence, influencing the universal epistemic frames of global power configurations with those on the receiving end being 20 00 Open Access Fredrick Ogenga 24 03 06 10.36615/9780906785713-21 513 545 33 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Chapter 01 01 Election-related Violence in Africa A Reflection of the African Union’s Response 1 A01 21 0000-0002-4918-415X Ratidzo C Makombe Ratidzo C Makombe 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 01 eng 02 00 Postcolonial Africa has struggled in operationalising liberal democracy, marked by recurring incidents of electoral violence leading to significant loss of lives and destruction of property throughout the continent. This has imposed a responsibility on continental and regional actors, such as the African Union (AU) to intervene. Thus, the AU has ma 03 00 Postcolonial Africa has struggled in operationalising liberal democracy, marked by recurring incidents of electoral violence leading to significant loss of lives and destruction of property throughout the continent. This has imposed a responsibility on continental and regional actors, such as the African Union (AU) to intervene. Thus, the AU has made significant strides in creating several frameworks that foster peace and security on the continent. For instance, the African Charter on Democracy, Elections and Governance (ACDEG), which was proposed in 2007 and enacted in 2012, has been instrumental in the governance and conduct of African elections. Most countries have adopted electoral democracy, with elections held cyclically every four to five years. Despite these initiatives, African elections are marred with election-related violence (ERV) ranging from protests to civilian deaths. 30 00 Postcolonial Africa has struggled in operationalising liberal democracy, marked by recurring incidents of electoral violence leading to significant loss of lives and destruction of property throughout the continent. This has imposed a responsibility on continental and regional actors, such as the African Union (AU) to intervene. Thus, the AU has made significant strides in creating several frameworks that foster peace and security on the continent. For instance, the African Charter on Democracy, Elections and Governance (ACDEG), which was proposed in 2007 and enacted in 2012, has been instrumental in the governance and conduct of African elections. Most countries have adopted electoral democracy, with elections held cyclically every four to five years. Despite these initiatives, African elections are marred with election-related violence (ERV) ranging from protests to civilian deaths. 20 00 Open Access Ratidzo C Makombe 25 03 06 10.36615/9780906785713-22 547 570 24 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Governance, Contested Legitimacy, and the Resurgence of Military Coups in Africa: The Role of the African Union 1 A01 21 0000-0002-3775-1620 Habu Mohammed Habu Mohammed 40 049pzty39 Bayero University Kano 01 eng 02 00 Over the decades, African countries have experienced governance crises and what others have tagged governance deficit. The potential for African countries to draw lessons from their histories of inadequate governance and alter the trajectory of development in both politics and the economy appears to be a subject open to debate. 03 00 Over the decades, African countries have experienced governance crises and what others have tagged governance deficit. The potential for African countries to draw lessons from their histories of inadequate governance and alter the trajectory of development in both politics and the economy appears to be a subject open to debate. Personal rule and personalisation of politics have created a situation whereby democratic institutions are impaired the most at the expense of the collective good. Indeed, there has been an emergence of big personalities who have occupied the political spaces of their societies – legitimately or illegitimately. The narrower the political space, the heavier the toll of misgovernance on the citizens who suffer most of the brunt of leadership failure, caused by a lack of political legitimacy. These tendencies manifest themselves more in the continent’s history of state formation and political processes. 30 00 Over the decades, African countries have experienced governance crises and what others have tagged governance deficit. The potential for African countries to draw lessons from their histories of inadequate governance and alter the trajectory of development in both politics and the economy appears to be a subject open to debate. Personal rule and personalisation of politics have created a situation whereby democratic institutions are impaired the most at the expense of the collective good. Indeed, there has been an emergence of big personalities who have occupied the political spaces of their societies – legitimately or illegitimately. The narrower the political space, the heavier the toll of misgovernance on the citizens who suffer most of the brunt of leadership failure, caused by a lack of political legitimacy. These tendencies manifest themselves more in the continent’s history of state formation and political processes. 20 00 Open Access Habu Mohammed 26 03 06 10.36615/9780906785713-23 573 598 26 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 African Union at 20: Gender Relations in Africa and Agenda 2063 1 A01 21 0000-0003-0086-2121 Dorcas Ettang Dorcas Ettang 40 0303y7a51 Durban University of Technology 01 eng 02 00 Celebrating its 20th year, the African Union (AU) has made significant strides in improving gender relations and addressing gender gaps in its various policies and structures. These efforts are evident in its Gender Parity Project, Gender Policy, Agenda 2063, and Ten-Year Implementation Plan, and continental reports on the implementation of Agenda 03 00 Celebrating its 20th year, the African Union (AU) has made significant strides in improving gender relations and addressing gender gaps in its various policies and structures. These efforts are evident in its Gender Parity Project, Gender Policy, Agenda 2063, and Ten-Year Implementation Plan, and continental reports on the implementation of Agenda 2063. Agenda 2063 comprehensively presents the various dimensions of Africa’s political, socio-economic, and security landscapes and situates gender within it through its various provisions and implementation plans. Aspiration 6 of Agenda 2063 clarifies the position of the AU and its member states on gender equality, with its primary goal of achieving “full gender equality in all spheres of life” by prioritising women’s and girls’ empowerment and preventing discrimination and violence against them (AU 2015a). Its Ten-Year Implementation Plan, published in 2015, notes the transformational goal of reducing violence against women by a third and normalising gender parity by 2023 in all its organs and regional economic communities (RECs). The union’s review of national and RECs’ strategic plans identified gender and women’s development as a priority area (AU 2015b). 30 00 Celebrating its 20th year, the African Union (AU) has made significant strides in improving gender relations and addressing gender gaps in its various policies and structures. These efforts are evident in its Gender Parity Project, Gender Policy, Agenda 2063, and Ten-Year Implementation Plan, and continental reports on the implementation of Agenda 2063. Agenda 2063 comprehensively presents the various dimensions of Africa’s political, socio-economic, and security landscapes and situates gender within it through its various provisions and implementation plans. Aspiration 6 of Agenda 2063 clarifies the position of the AU and its member states on gender equality, with its primary goal of achieving “full gender equality in all spheres of life” by prioritising women’s and girls’ empowerment and preventing discrimination and violence against them (AU 2015a). Its Ten-Year Implementation Plan, published in 2015, notes the transformational goal of reducing violence against women by a third and normalising gender parity by 2023 in all its organs and regional economic communities (RECs). The union’s review of national and RECs’ strategic plans identified gender and women’s development as a priority area (AU 2015b). 20 00 Open Access Dorcas Ettang 27 03 06 10.36615/9780906785713-24 599 637 39 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 African Women Labour Migrants: Assessing the African Union Free Movement of Persons Protocol 1 A01 21 0009-0006-4399-2195 Nompumelelo Ndawonde Nompumelelo Ndawonde 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 01 eng 02 00 In the contemporary world, the trend of women’s migration has grown increasingly prominent. In 2020, the global international migrant stock included approximately 135 million female migrants, accounting for 48.1% of the total, meaning nearly half of the world’s migrants are women and girls (UN DESA 2020). 03 00 In the contemporary world, the trend of women’s migration has grown increasingly prominent. In 2020, the global international migrant stock included approximately 135 million female migrants, accounting for 48.1% of the total, meaning nearly half of the world’s migrants are women and girls (UN DESA 2020). This increasing visibility of women in international migration is often referred to as the feminisation of migration. This term captures the rising prevalence of women who travel independently in global migration patterns (IOM 2021). 30 00 In the contemporary world, the trend of women’s migration has grown increasingly prominent. In 2020, the global international migrant stock included approximately 135 million female migrants, accounting for 48.1% of the total, meaning nearly half of the world’s migrants are women and girls (UN DESA 2020). This increasing visibility of women in international migration is often referred to as the feminisation of migration. This term captures the rising prevalence of women who travel independently in global migration patterns (IOM 2021). 20 00 Open Access Nompumelelo Ndawonde 28 03 06 10.36615/9780906785713-25 639 658 20 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Theorising Women’s Inclusion in Peace Processes Towards the Actualisation of Agenda 2063 1 A01 21 0000-0002-6505-4988 Adeogun Tolulope Adeogun Tolulope 40 0303y7a51 Durban University of Technology 2 A01 21 0000-0003-0086-2121 Dorcas Ettang Dorcas Ettang 40 0303y7a51 Durban University of Technology 3 A01 21 0000-0002-5962-7188 Rabele Litlhare Rabele Litlhare 40 00g0p6g84 University of Pretoria 01 eng 02 00 For centuries, conflict of various shades has taken over nations of the world. As one country is coming out of war, another is on the verge of war. War is divided into two categories: interstate (country(ies) against country(ies)) and intra-state (wars within countries); however, intra-state wars have become popular in recent times. 03 00 For centuries, conflict of various shades has taken over nations of the world. As one country is coming out of war, another is on the verge of war. War is divided into two categories: interstate (country(ies) against country(ies)) and intra-state (wars within countries); however, intra-state wars have become popular in recent times. Expectedly, Africa is not exempt from this destructive and disruptive menace. In recent years, the African continent has witnessed genocide, ethnicism, terrorism, and other forms of unrest and political instability, leading to the loss of millions of lives and property, leaving people homeless, and straining the socio-political and economic fabrics of many African countries. 30 00 For centuries, conflict of various shades has taken over nations of the world. As one country is coming out of war, another is on the verge of war. War is divided into two categories: interstate (country(ies) against country(ies)) and intra-state (wars within countries); however, intra-state wars have become popular in recent times. Expectedly, Africa is not exempt from this destructive and disruptive menace. In recent years, the African continent has witnessed genocide, ethnicism, terrorism, and other forms of unrest and political instability, leading to the loss of millions of lives and property, leaving people homeless, and straining the socio-political and economic fabrics of many African countries. 20 00 Open Access Adeogun Tolulope,Dorcas Ettang, Rabele Litlhare 29 03 06 10.36615/9780906785713-26 659 685 27 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 The African Union at 20: Youth Inclusivity and Agenda 2063 1 A01 Lennon Monyae Lennon Monyae 01 eng 02 00 Africa is endowed with innovative and inventive dynamism that should not be relegated to the margins of statistics. Mo Ibrahim Foundation (2019) findings indicate that Africa is currently experiencing a massive youth bulge, with approximately 60% of Africa’s population less than 25 years old, and this population is expected to grow by more than 180 03 00 Africa is endowed with innovative and inventive dynamism that should not be relegated to the margins of statistics. Mo Ibrahim Foundation (2019) findings indicate that Africa is currently experiencing a massive youth bulge, with approximately 60% of Africa’s population less than 25 years old, and this population is expected to grow by more than 180% by the end of the century. On the other hand, Europe’s youth will shrink by 21% and Asia’s by 28%. Projections by the same study project that by 2100, Africa’s youth population will be equivalent to twice Europe’s entire population. 30 00 Africa is endowed with innovative and inventive dynamism that should not be relegated to the margins of statistics. Mo Ibrahim Foundation (2019) findings indicate that Africa is currently experiencing a massive youth bulge, with approximately 60% of Africa’s population less than 25 years old, and this population is expected to grow by more than 180% by the end of the century. On the other hand, Europe’s youth will shrink by 21% and Asia’s by 28%. Projections by the same study project that by 2100, Africa’s youth population will be equivalent to twice Europe’s entire population. 20 00 Open Access Lennon Monyae 30 03 06 10.36615/9780906785713-27 689 715 27 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 The African Union’s Strategy for Digital Transformation in Africa Maximising Opportunities and Overcoming Challenges 1 A01 21 0000-0001-7151-7080 Odilile Ayodele Odilile Ayodele 40 056206b04 Human Sciences Research Council 01 eng 02 00 Scholars and practitioners of African politics and African Union (AU) studies have been bedevilled by intersecting crises in the 2020s, including faltering democratisation (Fomunyoh 2020; Xolani, Nkosingiphile &amp; Muzi 2022), growing insecurity (Obadare 2023; Siaplay &amp; Werker 2023), and lopsided economic development patterns that originated d 03 00 Scholars and practitioners of African politics and African Union (AU) studies have been bedevilled by intersecting crises in the 2020s, including faltering democratisation (Fomunyoh 2020; Xolani, Nkosingiphile &amp; Muzi 2022), growing insecurity (Obadare 2023; Siaplay &amp; Werker 2023), and lopsided economic development patterns that originated during colonialism and further deepened during the Cold War (Cogneau, Dupraz &amp; Mesplé-Somps 2018; Cramer, Sender &amp; Oqubay 2020). Despite the efforts of national and regional actors to redress the dwindling economic performance of African states and rising insecurity as well as political instability, the failure to sprint towards continental integration has circumvented the ability to effect change, amidst the prospects for digital transformation. 30 00 Scholars and practitioners of African politics and African Union (AU) studies have been bedevilled by intersecting crises in the 2020s, including faltering democratisation (Fomunyoh 2020; Xolani, Nkosingiphile &amp; Muzi 2022), growing insecurity (Obadare 2023; Siaplay &amp; Werker 2023), and lopsided economic development patterns that originated during colonialism and further deepened during the Cold War (Cogneau, Dupraz &amp; Mesplé-Somps 2018; Cramer, Sender &amp; Oqubay 2020). Despite the efforts of national and regional actors to redress the dwindling economic performance of African states and rising insecurity as well as political instability, the failure to sprint towards continental integration has circumvented the ability to effect change, amidst the prospects for digital transformation. 20 00 Open Access Odilile Ayodele 31 03 06 10.36615/9780906785713-28 717 744 Chapter 01 01 Africa and the Curriculum Transformation Project Towards the Epistemic-Independent Africa We Want 1 A01 21 0000-0002-2706-9097 Everisto Benyera Everisto Benyera 40 048cwvf49 University of South Africa 01 eng 03 00 As stakeholders reflect on the African Union (AU)’s 20 years of existence, it must be re-emphasised that decolonisation is not an event, but a set of interlinked and dependent processes. These processes are meant to respond to the mutation of the empire from its founding as a political empire to its adaptive mode as an economic empire and to its current survival mode as an epistemic/cognitive empire. Decolonisation processes must be able to continuously respond to this mutation of colonialism which has given rise to coloniality. One of the ways Africa can respond is through transforming the curriculum, especially the university curriculum, in the quest for epistemic independence in Africa. 30 00 As stakeholders reflect on the African Union (AU)’s 20 years of existence, it must be re-emphasised that decolonisation is not an event, but a set of interlinked and dependent processes. These processes are meant to respond to the mutation of the empire from its founding as a political empire to its adaptive mode as an economic empire and to its current survival mode as an epistemic/cognitive empire. Decolonisation processes must be able to continuously respond to this mutation of colonialism which has given rise to coloniality. One of the ways Africa can respond is through transforming the curriculum, especially the university curriculum, in the quest for epistemic independence in Africa. 32 03 06 10.36615/9780906785713-29 745 778 34 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 African Union at 20: Health Systems Strengthening for Post‑COVID Dispensation 1 A01 21 0000-0003-2674-1520 Njabulo Mbanda Njabulo Mbanda 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 01 eng 02 00 In January 2014, the former chairperson of the African Union (AU) Commission, Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma, presented Agenda 2063: The Africa We Want as a blueprint and master plan for transforming the continent into “The Africa of the Future”. 03 00 In January 2014, the former chairperson of the African Union (AU) Commission, Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma, presented Agenda 2063: The Africa We Want as a blueprint and master plan for transforming the continent into “The Africa of the Future”. As a strategic framework, this agenda is also founded on an approach for inclusive and sustainable development, which represents, “a concrete manifestation of the Pan-African drive for unity, self-determination, freedom, progress, and collective prosperity pursued under Pan-Africanism and African Renaissance”. Through its broad flagship programmes that aim mainly to transform the continent into the global powerhouse of the future, Agenda 2063 also provides clear direction for the continent’s plans for ensuring healthy lives and promoting the wellbeing of all people. Incidentally, this is the exact focus of the United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), which are key to the theme of the chapter, as revealed in the table below. 30 00 In January 2014, the former chairperson of the African Union (AU) Commission, Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma, presented Agenda 2063: The Africa We Want as a blueprint and master plan for transforming the continent into “The Africa of the Future”. As a strategic framework, this agenda is also founded on an approach for inclusive and sustainable development, which represents, “a concrete manifestation of the Pan-African drive for unity, self-determination, freedom, progress, and collective prosperity pursued under Pan-Africanism and African Renaissance”. Through its broad flagship programmes that aim mainly to transform the continent into the global powerhouse of the future, Agenda 2063 also provides clear direction for the continent’s plans for ensuring healthy lives and promoting the wellbeing of all people. Incidentally, this is the exact focus of the United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), which are key to the theme of the chapter, as revealed in the table below. 20 00 Open Access Njabulo Mbanda 33 03 06 10.36615/9780906785713-30 779 803 25 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Africa, Climate Change, and Development Towards A Strategic Balancing Posture 1 A01 Ngono Louis Narcisse Ngono Louis Narcisse 01 eng 02 00 Over the decades, Africa has been at the receiving end of climate change. In the context of the global fight against climate change, Africa must act given its vulnerability and the threats to its development projections. 03 00 Over the decades, Africa has been at the receiving end of climate change. In the context of the global fight against climate change, Africa must act given its vulnerability and the threats to its development projections. Understood within the meaning of the United Nations Framework Convention as mutations attributable directly or indirectly to anthropogenic activities modifying the constitution of the global atmosphere and adding to natural climate variability, climate change is a major challenge for the world. No region is spared, least of all Africa, which is more than ever under the influence of extreme climatic phenomena likely to compromise its development trajectory, although it is anchored in a regional vision of economic emergence (AU 2015). This mutation is linked to an additional greenhouse effect caused by a model of planetary society mainly dependent on fossil fuels (Ngono 2022). This warming thus causes a sudden change in the climate which manifests itself through variations in climatic characteristics by establishing extreme phenomena such as rising sea levels, droughts, floods, cyclones, weakening of forests, threats to freshwater resources, agricultural crises, desertification, reduction of biodiversity, and the spread of tropical diseases. 30 00 Over the decades, Africa has been at the receiving end of climate change. In the context of the global fight against climate change, Africa must act given its vulnerability and the threats to its development projections. Understood within the meaning of the United Nations Framework Convention as mutations attributable directly or indirectly to anthropogenic activities modifying the constitution of the global atmosphere and adding to natural climate variability, climate change is a major challenge for the world. No region is spared, least of all Africa, which is more than ever under the influence of extreme climatic phenomena likely to compromise its development trajectory, although it is anchored in a regional vision of economic emergence (AU 2015). This mutation is linked to an additional greenhouse effect caused by a model of planetary society mainly dependent on fossil fuels (Ngono 2022). This warming thus causes a sudden change in the climate which manifests itself through variations in climatic characteristics by establishing extreme phenomena such as rising sea levels, droughts, floods, cyclones, weakening of forests, threats to freshwater resources, agricultural crises, desertification, reduction of biodiversity, and the spread of tropical diseases. 20 00 Open Access Ngono Louis Narcisse UJ Press 01 URL https://ujpress.uj.ac.za 01 UJ Press 01 Publisher's website: home page https://ujpress.uj.ac.za/ 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/283 Johannesburg 04 01 20250628 Khabele Matlosa, Adeoye O. Akinola; Sven Botha, Ebrima Sall, Siphamandla Zondi, Eddy Maloka, Hesphina Rukato, Horace G Campbell, Osy Ezechukwunyere Nwebo, Kayode Eesuola, Seife K Tadelle, Lemuel Odeh, Olawale Yemisi, Kai-Ann D Skeete, Tshepo Gwatiwa, Dawn Isabel Nagar, James Zotto, Ndubuisi Christian Ani, Tim K Murithi, Laeed Zaghlami, Belkacem Iratni, Tazoacha Francis, Samuel Mondays Atuobi, Fredrick Ogenga, Ratidzo C Makombe, Habu Mohammed, Dorcas Ettang, Nompumelelo Ndawonde, Adeogun Tolulope, Rabele Litlhare, Lennon Monyae, Odilile Ayodele, Everisto Benyera, Njabulo Mbanda, Ngono Louis Narcisse 02 WORLD 06 15 9780906785706 06 15 9780906785737 06 15 9780906785720 WORLD 11 OAPEN 36 OAPEN: webpage for this product https://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/104314 29 OAPEN: download the title https://library.oapen.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.12657/104314/9780906785713.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y 20 08 20250628 01 11 DOAB 36 DOAB: webpage for this product https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/163210 20 08 20250628 01 11 Unknown 36 Unspecified hosting platform: webpage for this product https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/283 29 Unspecified hosting platform: download the title https://kdp.amazon.com/amazon-dp-action/uk/dualbookshelf.marketplacelink/B0FH76GC35 20 08 20250628 01 11 Unknown 36 Unspecified hosting platform: webpage for this product https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/283 29 Unspecified hosting platform: download the title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/view/283/1202/4871 20 08 20250628 01 11 THOTH 36 THOTH: webpage for this product https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/283 29 THOTH: download the title https://books.ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/10.36615/9780906785713.pdf 20 08 20250628 01 urn:uuid:f63c9424-a20f-48df-b06d-6acfc34721b2 03 01 01 thoth-work-id urn:uuid:15fe9d06-6ed8-4309-95a5-9024def08689 01 thoth-publication-id urn:uuid:f63c9424-a20f-48df-b06d-6acfc34721b2 15 9780906785737 06 10.36615/9780906785713 00 EB E113 10 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 01 01 African Union and Agenda 2063 The Past, Present and Future 1 B01 21 0000-0002-5701-0475 Adeoye Akinola Adeoye Akinola 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg Dr Adeoye O. Akinola is the Head of Research and Teaching at the Institute for Pan-African Thought and Conversation, University of Johannesburg. &nbsp; 2 B01 21 0000-0003-4185-593X Khabele Matlosa Khabele Matlosa 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 40 056206b04 Human Sciences Research Council 3 A01 21 0000-0002-3957-9086 Sven Botha Sven Botha Sven Botha 40 00g0p6g84 University of Pretoria 4 A01 Ebrima Sall Ebrima Sall 40 01r55tz35 TrustAfrica 5 A01 Siphamandla Zondi Siphamandla Zondi 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 6 A01 Eddy Maloka Eddy Maloka 7 A01 Hesphina Rukato Hesphina Rukato 8 A01 21 0000-0003-2741-6623 Horace G Campbell Horace G Campbell 40 025r5qe02 Syracuse University 9 A01 Osy Ezechukwunyere Nwebo Osy Ezechukwunyere Nwebo 40 0257ekp23 Imo State University 10 A01 21 0000-0002-4962-4354 Kayode Eesuola Kayode Eesuola 40 05rk03822 University of Lagos 12 A01 21 0000-0003-2618-1199 Lemuel Odeh Lemuel Odeh 40 032kdwk38 University of Ilorin 13 A01 21 0000-0002-2817-9765 Olawale Yemisi Olawale Yemisi 40 03wx2rr30 University of Ibadan 14 A01 21 0000-0003-3043-0362 Kai-Ann D Skeete Kai-Ann D Skeete 40 05p4f7w60 University of the West Indies 15 A01 21 0000-0002-4661-2040 Tshepo Gwatiwa Tshepo Gwatiwa 40 01sf06y89 Macquarie University 16 A01 21 0000-0001-9040-9501 Dawn Isabel Nagar Dawn Isabel Nagar 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 17 A01 21 0000-0003-4185-593X Khabele Matlosa Khabele Matlosa 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 40 056206b04 Human Sciences Research Council 18 A01 21 0000-0002-5701-0475 Adeoye Akinola Adeoye Akinola 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 19 A01 21 0000-0002-9673-3924 James Zotto James Zotto 40 0479aed98 University of Dar es Salaam 20 A01 21 0000-0002-2457-6624 Ndubuisi Christian Ani Ndubuisi Christian Ani 40 00m3wrz48 United States Institute of Peace 21 A01 21 0000-0003-2791-6564 Tim K Murithi Tim K Murithi 40 01zsz0b12 Institute for Justice and Reconciliation 22 A01 21 0000-0001-9064-3461 Laeed Zaghlami Laeed Zaghlami 40 01pynjp12 University of Algiers 3 23 A01 21 0009-0007-4747-8836 Belkacem Iratni Belkacem Iratni 40 01pynjp12 University of Algiers 3 24 A01 21 0000-0002-0565-7832 Tazoacha Francis Tazoacha Francis 25 A01 Samuel Mondays Atuobi Samuel Mondays Atuobi 40 01jg4aw19 African Union Commission 26 A01 21 0000-0002-0044-3296 Fredrick Ogenga Fredrick Ogenga 40 019z2v446 Rongo University 27 A01 21 0000-0002-4918-415X Ratidzo C Makombe Ratidzo C Makombe 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 28 A01 21 0000-0002-3775-1620 Habu Mohammed Habu Mohammed 40 049pzty39 Bayero University Kano 29 A01 21 0000-0003-0086-2121 Dorcas Ettang Dorcas Ettang 40 0303y7a51 Durban University of Technology 30 A01 21 0009-0006-4399-2195 Nompumelelo Ndawonde Nompumelelo Ndawonde 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 31 A01 21 0000-0002-6505-4988 Adeogun Tolulope Adeogun Tolulope 40 0303y7a51 Durban University of Technology 32 A01 21 0000-0002-5962-7188 Rabele Litlhare Rabele Litlhare 40 00g0p6g84 University of Pretoria 33 A01 Lennon Monyae Lennon Monyae 34 A01 21 0000-0001-7151-7080 Odilile Ayodele Odilile Ayodele 40 056206b04 Human Sciences Research Council 35 A01 21 0000-0002-2706-9097 Everisto Benyera Everisto Benyera 40 048cwvf49 University of South Africa 36 A01 21 0000-0003-2674-1520 Njabulo Mbanda Njabulo Mbanda 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 37 A01 Ngono Louis Narcisse Ngono Louis Narcisse 01 eng 00 848 03 93 1QFB 93 JPW 20 Pan-Africanism 10 POL053000 20 peace and security 20 Agenda 2063 20 African union 20 Regional integration 20 Democratic Governance 01 06 02 00 Since its official launch on 9 July 2002 in Durban, South Africa, the African Union (AU) has taken on the complex mantle of promoting peace, governance, development, and continental integration—building on the legacy of its predecessor, the Organisation of African Unity (OAU). 03 00 Since its official launch on 9 July 2002 in Durban, South Africa, the African Union (AU) has taken on the complex mantle of promoting peace, governance, development, and continental integration—building on the legacy of its predecessor, the Organisation of African Unity (OAU). While the OAU championed the liberation and unity of African states, the AU expanded this vision under the broader framework of Pan-Africanism, aligning it with modern challenges and aspirations. As the AU marked its 20th anniversary in 2022, there emerged a critical need to evaluate its performance, particularly in relation to Agenda 2063: The Africa We Want—a strategic vision for Africa’s long-term transformation adopted in 2013. Understanding the AU’s trajectory requires reflection on the historical struggles that shaped Pan-Africanism, including colonialism, apartheid, and racial injustice. Key milestones such as the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) reflect progress, but limited advancement in flagship projects like the Free Movement of Persons and “Silencing the Guns” initiative highlights persistent challenges. This book, African Union and Agenda 2063: The Past, Present, and Future, undertakes a critical assessment of the AU’s 20-year record, aiming to reinvigorate Pan-African consciousness and examine the structural and political constraints hindering the Union’s effectiveness in achieving lasting peace, prosperity, and unity across the continent. 30 00 Since its official launch on 9 July 2002 in Durban, South Africa, the African Union (AU) has taken on the complex mantle of promoting peace, governance, development, and continental integration—building on the legacy of its predecessor, the Organisation of African Unity (OAU). While the OAU championed the liberation and unity of African states, the AU expanded this vision under the broader framework of Pan-Africanism, aligning it with modern challenges and aspirations. As the AU marked its 20th anniversary in 2022, there emerged a critical need to evaluate its performance, particularly in relation to Agenda 2063: The Africa We Want—a strategic vision for Africa’s long-term transformation adopted in 2013. Understanding the AU’s trajectory requires reflection on the historical struggles that shaped Pan-Africanism, including colonialism, apartheid, and racial injustice. Key milestones such as the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) reflect progress, but limited advancement in flagship projects like the Free Movement of Persons and “Silencing the Guns” initiative highlights persistent challenges. This book, African Union and Agenda 2063: The Past, Present, and Future, undertakes a critical assessment of the AU’s 20-year record, aiming to reinvigorate Pan-African consciousness and examine the structural and political constraints hindering the Union’s effectiveness in achieving lasting peace, prosperity, and unity across the continent. 04 00 Editorial Foreword Sven Botha Foreword Ebrima Sall Preface Africa: Pathways and Crossroads Siphamandla Zondi African Union and the Agenda 2063 Project Adeoye Akinola, Khabele Matlosa DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9780906785713-01 The Reform of the African Union History and Progress Eddy Maloka DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9780906785713-02 The African Union and the Pan‑African Agenda Hesphina Rukato DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9780906785713-03 Reconstruction and Reparative Justice for Global African Peoples in the 21st Century Horace G Campbell DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9780906785713-04 African Union Integration Agenda and the Challenges of Plurality and Sovereignty Osy Ezechukwunyere Nwebo DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9780906785713-05 African Union and the Leadership Conundrum Kayode Eesuola DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9780906785713-06 Africa Continental Free Trade Agreement – AfCFTA Prospects and Impediments Seife K Tadelle DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9780906785713-07 Rebuilding African Economy in a Globalised World The African Continental Free Trade Agreement (AfCFTA) and the Question of Intra‑African Trade Lemuel Odeh, Olawale Yemisi DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9780906785713-08 The Question of The Decade Is it Feasible for CARICOM to Co‑ordinate its Foreign Policy towards Africa? Kai-Ann D Skeete DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9780906785713-09 The African Union and the United States The Pursuit of a Strategic Partnership Tshepo Gwatiwa DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9780906785713-10 United Nations-African Union Relations Towards Sustainable Peace and Economic Development and the Attainment of Agenda 2063 Dawn Isabel Nagar DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9780906785713-11 Intra-African Migration and the Prospects for Regional Integration Khabele Matlosa DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9780906785713-12 Africa-EU Migration Between a Rock and a Hard Place? Adeoye Akinola DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9780906785713-13 The ‘Unholy Trinity Powers’ in the Malawi-Tanzania Border Dispute The Shaping of Postcolonial Relations in Southern Africa James Zotto DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9780906785713-14 The Quest for Peace in Africa Convergence and Fragmentation within the African Peace and Security Architecture (APSA) Ndubuisi Christian Ani DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9780906785713-15 Interrogating the AU’s Silencing the Guns in Africa Tim K Murithi DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9780906785713-16 Silencing the Guns in Africa from an Algerian Perspective Laeed Zaghlami, Belkacem Iratni DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9780906785713-17 Prioritising Human Security by the African Union at the Emergence of the New Global Hegemony Tazoacha Francis DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9780906785713-18 The Role of the African Union in Elections Samuel Mondays Atuobi DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9780906785713-19 Democracy, Governance, and Peacebuilding in Africa Technology, Cybercitizens and Kenya’s Post-2022 Election Jitters Fredrick Ogenga DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9780906785713-20 Election-related Violence in Africa A Reflection of the African Union’s Response Ratidzo C Makombe DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9780906785713-21 Governance, Contested Legitimacy, and the Resurgence of Military Coups in Africa The Role of the African Union Habu Mohammed DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9780906785713-22 African Union at 20 Gender Relations in Africa and Agenda 2063 Dorcas Ettang DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9780906785713-23 African Women Labour Migrants Assessing the African Union Free Movement of Persons Protocol Nompumelelo Ndawonde DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9780906785713-24 Theorising Women’s Inclusion in Peace Processes Towards the Actualisation of Agenda 2063 Rabele Litlhare DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9780906785713-25 The African Union at 20 Youth Inclusivity and Agenda 2063 Lennon Monyae DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9780906785713-26 The African Union’s Strategy for Digital Transformation in Africa Maximising Opportunities and Overcoming Challenges Odilile Ayodele DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9780906785713-27 Africa and the Curriculum Transformation Project Towards the Epistemic-Independent Africa We Want Everisto Benyera DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9780906785713-28 African Union at 20 Health Systems Strengthening for Post‑COVID Dispensation Njabulo Mbanda DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9780906785713-29 Africa, Climate Change, and Development Towards A Strategic Balancing Posture Ngono Louis Narcisse DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9780906785713-30 20 00 Open Access 01 00 03 02 https://books.ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/10.36615/9780906785713_frontcover.jpg 1 03 06 10.36615/9780906785713-00 xiii xiv 2 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Editorial Foreword 1 A01 Sven Botha Sven Botha 40 00g0p6g84 University of Pretoria 01 eng 02 00 The African Union (AU) and its predecessor, the Organisation for African Unity, have undergone many trials and tribulations. 03 00 The African Union (AU) and its predecessor, the Organisation for African Unity, have undergone many trials and tribulations. Pan-Africanist through leader and former South African President (1999-2008), Thabo Mbeki, summed up this journey as follows: 30 00 The African Union (AU) and its predecessor, the Organisation for African Unity, have undergone many trials and tribulations. Pan-Africanist through leader and former South African President (1999-2008), Thabo Mbeki, summed up this journey as follows: 20 00 Open Access Sven Botha 4 03 06 10.36615/9780906785713-01 3 28 26 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 African Union and the Agenda 2063 Project 1 B01 21 0000-0002-5701-0475 Adeoye Akinola Adeoye Akinola 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 2 B01 21 0000-0003-4185-593X Khabele Matlosa Khabele Matlosa 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 40 056206b04 Human Sciences Research Council 01 eng 02 00 On 9 July 2002, South Africa played host to eminent Africans as the African Union (AU) was officially founded and launched in its port city of Durban, amid diplomatic fanfare. The AU emerged as the custodian of continental unity and integration, inheriting the noble mantle from its precursor, the Organisation of Afri 03 00 On 9 July 2002, South Africa played host to eminent Africans as the African Union (AU) was officially founded and launched in its port city of Durban, amid diplomatic fanfare. The AU emerged as the custodian of continental unity and integration, inheriting the noble mantle from its precursor, the Organisation of African Unity (OAU), which had gallantly steered the course since its inception in 1963. Both the OAU and AU stand as formidable bastions of Pan-Africanism and heralds of the African Renaissance, epitomising the fervent pursuit of state-driven continental cohesion and solidarity. 30 00 On 9 July 2002, South Africa played host to eminent Africans as the African Union (AU) was officially founded and launched in its port city of Durban, amid diplomatic fanfare. The AU emerged as the custodian of continental unity and integration, inheriting the noble mantle from its precursor, the Organisation of African Unity (OAU), which had gallantly steered the course since its inception in 1963. Both the OAU and AU stand as formidable bastions of Pan-Africanism and heralds of the African Renaissance, epitomising the fervent pursuit of state-driven continental cohesion and solidarity. 20 00 Open Access Adeoye O Akinola, Khabele Matlosa 5 03 06 10.36615/9780906785713-02 29 44 16 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 The Reform of the African Union: History and Progress 1 A01 Eddy Maloka Eddy Maloka 01 eng 02 00 The imperative of reform within the African Union (AU) has been an ongoing process marked by pivotal transitions to elevate continental governance and prosperity. Originating from the nuanced negotiations of the Organisation of African Unity (OAU) Charter in 1963, the need to address unres 03 00 The imperative of reform within the African Union (AU) has been an ongoing process marked by pivotal transitions to elevate continental governance and prosperity. Originating from the nuanced negotiations of the Organisation of African Unity (OAU) Charter in 1963, the need to address unresolved issues within its framework laid the foundation for subsequent reform agendas. The OAU’s shortcomings in effectively addressing key challenges such as development, governance, peace, security, and Africa’s global positioning underscored the necessity for reformative measures. Engaging African citizens further justified recalibrating the organisation to align with continental aspirations. The evolution of reformative paradigms over successive generations saw visionary leadership emerge during the ‘plans without champions’ era, with figures like Adebayo Adedeji spearheading transformative initiatives such as the Lagos Plan of Action and the Abuja Treaty. However, the slow pace of reform prompted a shift towards a more assertive, action-oriented approach during the era of ‘champions’, led by figures like former South African president Thabo Mbeki, Nigerian president Olusegun Obasanjo, and Libyan president Muammar Gaddafi. 30 00 The imperative of reform within the African Union (AU) has been an ongoing process marked by pivotal transitions to elevate continental governance and prosperity. Originating from the nuanced negotiations of the Organisation of African Unity (OAU) Charter in 1963, the need to address unresolved issues within its framework laid the foundation for subsequent reform agendas. The OAU’s shortcomings in effectively addressing key challenges such as development, governance, peace, security, and Africa’s global positioning underscored the necessity for reformative measures. Engaging African citizens further justified recalibrating the organisation to align with continental aspirations. The evolution of reformative paradigms over successive generations saw visionary leadership emerge during the ‘plans without champions’ era, with figures like Adebayo Adedeji spearheading transformative initiatives such as the Lagos Plan of Action and the Abuja Treaty. However, the slow pace of reform prompted a shift towards a more assertive, action-oriented approach during the era of ‘champions’, led by figures like former South African president Thabo Mbeki, Nigerian president Olusegun Obasanjo, and Libyan president Muammar Gaddafi. 20 00 Open Access Eddy Maloka 6 03 06 10.36615/9780906785713-03 47 74 28 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 The African Union and the Pan‑African Agenda 1 A01 Hesphina Rukato Hesphina Rukato 01 eng 02 00 A comprehensive discussion and analysis of the African Union (AU) and its Pan-African Agenda requires a consideration of Africa’s history, as well as how Africans have and continue to respond to slavery and colonialism. Among the most notable of these responses is the growth of Pan-Africanism globally, as well as struggles for the independence of A 03 00 A comprehensive discussion and analysis of the African Union (AU) and its Pan-African Agenda requires a consideration of Africa’s history, as well as how Africans have and continue to respond to slavery and colonialism. Among the most notable of these responses is the growth of Pan-Africanism globally, as well as struggles for the independence of African countries from colonial domination. Slavery and colonialism carved a master-servant relationship between the colonial powers and the colonised African countries. This asymmetric relation still characterises Africa’s engagement with the rest of the world today, and it has continued to entrench the continent’s political, economic, social, and cultural marginalisation. 30 00 A comprehensive discussion and analysis of the African Union (AU) and its Pan-African Agenda requires a consideration of Africa’s history, as well as how Africans have and continue to respond to slavery and colonialism. Among the most notable of these responses is the growth of Pan-Africanism globally, as well as struggles for the independence of African countries from colonial domination. Slavery and colonialism carved a master-servant relationship between the colonial powers and the colonised African countries. This asymmetric relation still characterises Africa’s engagement with the rest of the world today, and it has continued to entrench the continent’s political, economic, social, and cultural marginalisation. 20 00 Open Access Hesphina Rukato 7 03 06 10.36615/9780906785713-04 75 113 39 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Reconstruction and Reparative Justice for Global African Peoples in the 21st Century 1 A01 21 0000-0003-2741-6623 Horace G Campbell Horace G Campbell 40 025r5qe02 Syracuse University 01 eng 02 00 The vigilant African optimism that was invoked by Cheikh Anta Diop is being deployed in the face of the challenges to humanity accentuated by the crises of global capital. From the period of the Atlantic slave trade, through Jim Crow, the colonial period, and apartheid, the organisational capabilities 03 00 The vigilant African optimism that was invoked by Cheikh Anta Diop is being deployed in the face of the challenges to humanity accentuated by the crises of global capital. From the period of the Atlantic slave trade, through Jim Crow, the colonial period, and apartheid, the organisational capabilities of African peoples for emancipation and the humanisation of the planet Earth had prevented humanity from slipping into total barbarism. The resistance to enslavement, whether in Africa or the Western world, created the basis and momentum that led to the formation of organisations and the birth of the idea of Pan Africanism. 30 00 The vigilant African optimism that was invoked by Cheikh Anta Diop is being deployed in the face of the challenges to humanity accentuated by the crises of global capital. From the period of the Atlantic slave trade, through Jim Crow, the colonial period, and apartheid, the organisational capabilities of African peoples for emancipation and the humanisation of the planet Earth had prevented humanity from slipping into total barbarism. The resistance to enslavement, whether in Africa or the Western world, created the basis and momentum that led to the formation of organisations and the birth of the idea of Pan Africanism. 20 00 Open Access Horace G Campbell 8 03 06 10.36615/9780906785713-05 117 140 24 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 African Union Integration Agenda and the Challenges of Plurality and Sovereignty 1 A01 Osy Ezechukwunyere Nwebo Osy Ezechukwunyere Nwebo 40 0257ekp23 Imo State University 01 eng 02 00 The determination of African leaders to pursue the ideal of African integration has a long history that dates to the early period of the development of Pan-Africanism. In other words, the development of Pan-Africanism is intertwined with the determination of African peoples to address the challenges of unity, peace, security, and stability on the c 03 00 The determination of African leaders to pursue the ideal of African integration has a long history that dates to the early period of the development of Pan-Africanism. In other words, the development of Pan-Africanism is intertwined with the determination of African peoples to address the challenges of unity, peace, security, and stability on the continent (Nwebo 2020:438). This objective is aptly encapsulated in the vision of the African Union (AU), which is to build “an integrated, prosperous and peaceful Africa, driven by its citizens and representing a dynamic force in the global arena”.1 The vision crystalised in the institutionalisation of the ideals of Pan-Africanism manifested in the formation of the Organisation of African Unity (OAU) in 1963 and its eventual transformation to the AU, with its integration agenda as a necessary adjunct of Africa’s socio-economic and political development. 30 00 The determination of African leaders to pursue the ideal of African integration has a long history that dates to the early period of the development of Pan-Africanism. In other words, the development of Pan-Africanism is intertwined with the determination of African peoples to address the challenges of unity, peace, security, and stability on the continent (Nwebo 2020:438). This objective is aptly encapsulated in the vision of the African Union (AU), which is to build “an integrated, prosperous and peaceful Africa, driven by its citizens and representing a dynamic force in the global arena”.1 The vision crystalised in the institutionalisation of the ideals of Pan-Africanism manifested in the formation of the Organisation of African Unity (OAU) in 1963 and its eventual transformation to the AU, with its integration agenda as a necessary adjunct of Africa’s socio-economic and political development. 20 00 Open Access Osy Ezechukwunyere Nwebo 9 03 06 10.36615/9780906785713-06 141 159 19 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 African Union and the Leadership Conundrum 1 A01 21 0000-0002-4962-4354 Kayode Eesuola Kayode Eesuola 40 05rk03822 University of Lagos 01 eng 02 00 This chapter attempts a discourse of the African Union (AU) within the context of leadership on the African continent. Doing it essentially requires a delve into history, especially on the evolution of the union and its current trajectory. 03 00 This chapter attempts a discourse of the African Union (AU) within the context of leadership on the African continent. Doing it essentially requires a delve into history, especially on the evolution of the union and its current trajectory. Indeed, “history helps us understand and grapple with complex questions and dilemmas by examining how the past has shaped (and continues to shape) global, national, and local relationships between societies and people. Historians use a wide range of sources to weave individual lives and collective actions into narratives that bring critical perspectives on both our past and our present” (Department of History 2023). The subsequent section interrogates the complex questions and dilemmas of leadership, otherwise termed the “leadership conundrum” in Africa. 30 00 This chapter attempts a discourse of the African Union (AU) within the context of leadership on the African continent. Doing it essentially requires a delve into history, especially on the evolution of the union and its current trajectory. Indeed, “history helps us understand and grapple with complex questions and dilemmas by examining how the past has shaped (and continues to shape) global, national, and local relationships between societies and people. Historians use a wide range of sources to weave individual lives and collective actions into narratives that bring critical perspectives on both our past and our present” (Department of History 2023). The subsequent section interrogates the complex questions and dilemmas of leadership, otherwise termed the “leadership conundrum” in Africa. 20 00 Open Access Kayode Eesuola 10 03 06 10.36615/9780906785713-07 161 186 26 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Africa Continental Free Trade Agreement – AfCFTA: Prospects and Impediments 1 A01 21 0000-0002-6307-5427 Seife K Tadelle Seife Tadelle 01 eng 02 00 The African Union’s (AU) efforts to promote intra-African Trade have reached a zenith with the ratification of the African Continental Free Trade Agreement (AfCFTA) by 24 countries in May 2019. AfCFTA aims at increasing Africa’s economic growth and industrial competitiveness. As a part of the larger Pan-African vision, the initiative is a part of t 03 00 The African Union’s (AU) efforts to promote intra-African Trade have reached a zenith with the ratification of the African Continental Free Trade Agreement (AfCFTA) by 24 countries in May 2019. AfCFTA aims at increasing Africa’s economic growth and industrial competitiveness. As a part of the larger Pan-African vision, the initiative is a part of the commitment to building economic and political unity and enhancing the attainment of Agenda 2063. According to Geda and Yimer (2019), the AfCFTA agreement aims to provide better opportunities to gain economies of scale and efficiency through greater competition and specialisation. As anticipated, it offers a more attractive domestic market for international and local investment. In addition, an increase in intra-regional commerce would boost economic expansion and help pull people out of poverty. 30 00 The African Union’s (AU) efforts to promote intra-African Trade have reached a zenith with the ratification of the African Continental Free Trade Agreement (AfCFTA) by 24 countries in May 2019. AfCFTA aims at increasing Africa’s economic growth and industrial competitiveness. As a part of the larger Pan-African vision, the initiative is a part of the commitment to building economic and political unity and enhancing the attainment of Agenda 2063. According to Geda and Yimer (2019), the AfCFTA agreement aims to provide better opportunities to gain economies of scale and efficiency through greater competition and specialisation. As anticipated, it offers a more attractive domestic market for international and local investment. In addition, an increase in intra-regional commerce would boost economic expansion and help pull people out of poverty. 20 00 Open Access Seife K Tadelle 11 03 06 10.36615/9780906785713-08 187 208 22 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Rebuilding African Economy in a Globalised World: The African Continental Free Trade Agreement (AfCFTA) and the Question of Intra‑African Trade 1 A01 21 0000-0003-2618-1199 Lemuel Odeh Lemuel Odeh 40 032kdwk38 University of Ilorin 2 A01 21 0000-0002-2817-9765 Olawale Yemisi Olawale Yemisi 40 03wx2rr30 University of Ibadan 01 eng 02 00 In postcolonial Africa, the growth and development of the economy have been long-standing issues. Over the years, the African continent has been disadvantageously positioned in the global economy, despite its abundant human and natural resources, as well as its contribution to the mainstream global economy. 03 00 In postcolonial Africa, the growth and development of the economy have been long-standing issues. Over the years, the African continent has been disadvantageously positioned in the global economy, despite its abundant human and natural resources, as well as its contribution to the mainstream global economy. Africa holds a significant share of the world’s resources, with approximately 30% of global mineral reserves, 12% of oil reserves, and 8% of natural gas reserves situated on the continent (Mohseni-Cheraghlou 2023). Mainstream literature, theories, and African-centred analysis on institutional performance have primarily considered Africa a disadvantaged continent and at the receiving end of an institutional framework structured to reward the United States (US)-dominated brand of capitalism, while also benefiting other industrial states and international financial institutions (IFIs), governed by the free market system. 30 00 In postcolonial Africa, the growth and development of the economy have been long-standing issues. Over the years, the African continent has been disadvantageously positioned in the global economy, despite its abundant human and natural resources, as well as its contribution to the mainstream global economy. Africa holds a significant share of the world’s resources, with approximately 30% of global mineral reserves, 12% of oil reserves, and 8% of natural gas reserves situated on the continent (Mohseni-Cheraghlou 2023). Mainstream literature, theories, and African-centred analysis on institutional performance have primarily considered Africa a disadvantaged continent and at the receiving end of an institutional framework structured to reward the United States (US)-dominated brand of capitalism, while also benefiting other industrial states and international financial institutions (IFIs), governed by the free market system. 20 00 Open Access Lemuel Odeh, Olawale Yemisi 12 03 06 10.36615/9780906785713-09 211 233 23 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 The Question of The Decade: Is it Feasible for CARICOM to Co‑ordinate its Foreign Policy towards Africa? 1 A01 21 0000-0003-3043-0362 Kai-Ann D Skeete Kai-Ann D Skeete 40 05p4f7w60 University of the West Indies 01 eng 02 00 Once dubbed a paradox by Anthony Payne due to the unique arrangement of a community of sovereign states, the Caribbean Community and Common Market (CARICOM) is guided by Article 6 of the Revised Treaty of Chaguaramas, which mandates the regional body to enhance the co-ordination of member states’ foreign policies. However, even with a Council for F 03 00 Once dubbed a paradox by Anthony Payne due to the unique arrangement of a community of sovereign states, the Caribbean Community and Common Market (CARICOM) is guided by Article 6 of the Revised Treaty of Chaguaramas, which mandates the regional body to enhance the co-ordination of member states’ foreign policies. However, even with a Council for Foreign and Community Relations (COFCOR) and a Prime Ministerial Sub-committee on External Relations, CARICOM has failed to achieve one of its integral pillars – the co-ordination of member states’ foreign policy. This has resulted in numerous insurmountable tensions, as countries have strayed from CARICOM’s scrutiny and delved into bilateral or plurilateral arrangements. 30 00 Once dubbed a paradox by Anthony Payne due to the unique arrangement of a community of sovereign states, the Caribbean Community and Common Market (CARICOM) is guided by Article 6 of the Revised Treaty of Chaguaramas, which mandates the regional body to enhance the co-ordination of member states’ foreign policies. However, even with a Council for Foreign and Community Relations (COFCOR) and a Prime Ministerial Sub-committee on External Relations, CARICOM has failed to achieve one of its integral pillars – the co-ordination of member states’ foreign policy. This has resulted in numerous insurmountable tensions, as countries have strayed from CARICOM’s scrutiny and delved into bilateral or plurilateral arrangements. 20 00 Open Access Kai-Ann D Skeete 13 03 06 10.36615/9780906785713-10 235 259 25 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 The African Union and the United States: The Pursuit of a Strategic Partnership 1 A01 21 0000-0002-4661-2040 Tshepo Gwatiwa Tshepo Gwatiwa 40 01sf06y89 Macquarie University 01 eng 02 00 The African Union (AU) has been one of the key organisations and most important actors in the interstices of collective diplomacy, multilateralism, and inter-regionalism for the past 20 years. From a regionalist perspective, Africa’s future largely depends on the effectiveness of the African Union Commission (AUC), because it negotiates and impleme 03 00 The African Union (AU) has been one of the key organisations and most important actors in the interstices of collective diplomacy, multilateralism, and inter-regionalism for the past 20 years. From a regionalist perspective, Africa’s future largely depends on the effectiveness of the African Union Commission (AUC), because it negotiates and implements international agreements on various issues, especially on security and development. These two are very important, given the view that security and/or political stability are a prerequisite for African development and prosperity. It is imperative to highlight that the AU is a relatively nascent organisation, representing the world’s most fledgling nation states, in terms of statemaking and nationbuilding1. Hence, Africa faces two challenges. The first is how to catch up with the rest of the world, in terms of security and development. 30 00 The African Union (AU) has been one of the key organisations and most important actors in the interstices of collective diplomacy, multilateralism, and inter-regionalism for the past 20 years. From a regionalist perspective, Africa’s future largely depends on the effectiveness of the African Union Commission (AUC), because it negotiates and implements international agreements on various issues, especially on security and development. These two are very important, given the view that security and/or political stability are a prerequisite for African development and prosperity. It is imperative to highlight that the AU is a relatively nascent organisation, representing the world’s most fledgling nation states, in terms of statemaking and nationbuilding1. Hence, Africa faces two challenges. The first is how to catch up with the rest of the world, in terms of security and development. 20 00 Open Access Tshepo Gwatiwa 14 03 06 10.36615/9780906785713-11 261 292 32 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 United Nations-African Union Relations: Towards Sustainable Peace and Economic Development and the Attainment of Agenda 2063 1 A01 21 0000-0001-9040-9501 Dawn Isabel Nagar Dawn Isabel Nagar 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 01 eng 02 00 This chapter provides a constructive discussion of the actors and factors relevant to the African Union (AU)’s relations with the United Nations (UN) and their respective institutions. The chapter further provides a critical assessment concerning the rules of engagement between these two international organisations over 20 years since the establish 03 00 This chapter provides a constructive discussion of the actors and factors relevant to the African Union (AU)’s relations with the United Nations (UN) and their respective institutions. The chapter further provides a critical assessment concerning the rules of engagement between these two international organisations over 20 years since the establishment of the AU in 2002. The major discussion adopts a political economy, human security, and developmental-led approach situated in fundamental international relations theories, critique, and debates to assess how the relations between these two organisations have fared, see where the gaps are, and identify key recommendations toward building solid relations. Addressing the AU and its relations with the UN’s peace and security architecture to achieve the AU’s Agenda 2063, therefore cannot be discussed in the absence of geopolitical economics. 30 00 This chapter provides a constructive discussion of the actors and factors relevant to the African Union (AU)’s relations with the United Nations (UN) and their respective institutions. The chapter further provides a critical assessment concerning the rules of engagement between these two international organisations over 20 years since the establishment of the AU in 2002. The major discussion adopts a political economy, human security, and developmental-led approach situated in fundamental international relations theories, critique, and debates to assess how the relations between these two organisations have fared, see where the gaps are, and identify key recommendations toward building solid relations. Addressing the AU and its relations with the UN’s peace and security architecture to achieve the AU’s Agenda 2063, therefore cannot be discussed in the absence of geopolitical economics. 20 00 Open Access Dawn Isabel Nagar 15 03 06 10.36615/9780906785713-12 295 316 22 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Intra-African Migration and the Prospects for Regional Integration 1 B01 21 0000-0003-4185-593X Khabele Matlosa Khabele Matlosa 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 01 eng 02 00 The African Union (AU) has a four-pronged agenda for continental unity and integration: peace and security, democracy and governance, socio-economic development, and repositioning Africa in the global arena. 03 00 The African Union (AU) has a four-pronged agenda for continental unity and integration: peace and security, democracy and governance, socio-economic development, and repositioning Africa in the global arena. A major theme that cuts across the four agendas is migration (i.e. human movement). It needs to be emphasised that migration has been part and parcel of human life from time immemorial (Cohen 2019). It cannot be wished away. It is here to stay. 30 00 The African Union (AU) has a four-pronged agenda for continental unity and integration: peace and security, democracy and governance, socio-economic development, and repositioning Africa in the global arena. A major theme that cuts across the four agendas is migration (i.e. human movement). It needs to be emphasised that migration has been part and parcel of human life from time immemorial (Cohen 2019). It cannot be wished away. It is here to stay. 20 00 Open Access Khabele Matlosa 16 03 06 10.36615/9780906785713-13 317 349 33 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Africa-EU Migration: Between a Rock and a Hard Place? 1 B01 21 0000-0002-5701-0475 Adeoye Akinola Adeoye Akinola 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 01 eng 02 00 Migration is as old as human history. Africa-Europe migration is intricately woven with the timeless thread of contention, asymmetrical relations, and unresolved questions. Dating back to the pre-colonial and colonial dispensations, the movement of people across the two regions occupies a decisive space in Africa-Europe relations. 03 00 Migration is as old as human history. Africa-Europe migration is intricately woven with the timeless thread of contention, asymmetrical relations, and unresolved questions. Dating back to the pre-colonial and colonial dispensations, the movement of people across the two regions occupies a decisive space in Africa-Europe relations. Its historical resonance not only evokes the enduring ties that have bound these regions, but also illuminates the contemporary picture, wherein shared challenges and opportunities assume paramount significance. Migration in contemporary Africa-Europe relations emerges not merely as a vestige of the past, but as a potent catalyst propelling the current and future trajectory of collaboration between Africa and Europe. 30 00 Migration is as old as human history. Africa-Europe migration is intricately woven with the timeless thread of contention, asymmetrical relations, and unresolved questions. Dating back to the pre-colonial and colonial dispensations, the movement of people across the two regions occupies a decisive space in Africa-Europe relations. Its historical resonance not only evokes the enduring ties that have bound these regions, but also illuminates the contemporary picture, wherein shared challenges and opportunities assume paramount significance. Migration in contemporary Africa-Europe relations emerges not merely as a vestige of the past, but as a potent catalyst propelling the current and future trajectory of collaboration between Africa and Europe. 20 00 Open Access Adeoye O Akinola 17 03 06 10.36615/9780906785713-14 351 377 27 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 The ‘Unholy Trinity Powers’ in the Malawi-Tanzania Border Dispute: The Shaping of Postcolonial Relations in Southern Africa 1 A01 21 0000-0002-9673-3924 James Zotto James Zotto 40 0479aed98 University of Dar es Salaam 01 eng 02 00 After the independence of Malawi and Tanzania in the early 1960s, their relations soured, especially at the state level, following the countries’ laying of claim to Lake Nyasa. Whereas Malawi claimed that its sovereign territory with Tanzania is on the shore of Lake Nyasa in Tanzania (I call it the Eastern shoreline), Tanzania tenaciously recognise 03 00 After the independence of Malawi and Tanzania in the early 1960s, their relations soured, especially at the state level, following the countries’ laying of claim to Lake Nyasa. Whereas Malawi claimed that its sovereign territory with Tanzania is on the shore of Lake Nyasa in Tanzania (I call it the Eastern shoreline), Tanzania tenaciously recognised a boundary in the middle of Lake Nyasa (I call it the Middle line). Thorny relations between Tanzania and Malawi are attributed to both colonial and postcolonial forces. The influence of the colonial powers on the Malawi-Tanzania border dispute is highlighted by inconsistencies contained in colonial cartography, contradictions in the application of the mandate system in Tanganyika, and the ambiguities in the interpretation of the Anglo-German Agreement of 1 July 1890, which established the boundary between Nyasaland and German East Africa. 30 00 After the independence of Malawi and Tanzania in the early 1960s, their relations soured, especially at the state level, following the countries’ laying of claim to Lake Nyasa. Whereas Malawi claimed that its sovereign territory with Tanzania is on the shore of Lake Nyasa in Tanzania (I call it the Eastern shoreline), Tanzania tenaciously recognised a boundary in the middle of Lake Nyasa (I call it the Middle line). Thorny relations between Tanzania and Malawi are attributed to both colonial and postcolonial forces. The influence of the colonial powers on the Malawi-Tanzania border dispute is highlighted by inconsistencies contained in colonial cartography, contradictions in the application of the mandate system in Tanganyika, and the ambiguities in the interpretation of the Anglo-German Agreement of 1 July 1890, which established the boundary between Nyasaland and German East Africa. 20 00 Open Access James Zotto 18 03 06 10.36615/9780906785713-15 381 400 20 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 The Quest for Peace in Africa: Convergence and Fragmentation within the African Peace and Security Architecture (APSA) 1 A01 21 0000-0002-2457-6624 Ndubuisi Christian Ani Ndubuisi Christian Ani 40 00m3wrz48 United States Institute of Peace 01 eng 02 00 Over the past three years, the African continent has been faced with a coup crisis driven by a renewed citizen demand for democratic dividends. Many of the coups in West Africa – specifically in Niger, Mali and Burkina Faso – are driven by widespread discontent over state ineptitude in the face of rising violent extremism, farmer-herder conflict, s 03 00 Over the past three years, the African continent has been faced with a coup crisis driven by a renewed citizen demand for democratic dividends. Many of the coups in West Africa – specifically in Niger, Mali and Burkina Faso – are driven by widespread discontent over state ineptitude in the face of rising violent extremism, farmer-herder conflict, secessionist agitations, the COVID-19 pandemic, and environmental disasters that have claimed lives and displaced many. The political and security landscape is complicated by a rise in global power competition leading to the involvement of new security partners such as the Wagner mercenaries, while European partners have been forced to draw down or withdraw their forces in certain regions such as the Sahel. The evolving security situation calls into question the proactiveness and efficacy of the African security alliance in the framework of the African Peace and Security Architecture (APSA). 30 00 Over the past three years, the African continent has been faced with a coup crisis driven by a renewed citizen demand for democratic dividends. Many of the coups in West Africa – specifically in Niger, Mali and Burkina Faso – are driven by widespread discontent over state ineptitude in the face of rising violent extremism, farmer-herder conflict, secessionist agitations, the COVID-19 pandemic, and environmental disasters that have claimed lives and displaced many. The political and security landscape is complicated by a rise in global power competition leading to the involvement of new security partners such as the Wagner mercenaries, while European partners have been forced to draw down or withdraw their forces in certain regions such as the Sahel. The evolving security situation calls into question the proactiveness and efficacy of the African security alliance in the framework of the African Peace and Security Architecture (APSA). 20 00 Open Access Ndubuisi Christian Ani 19 03 06 10.36615/9780906785713-16 401 419 19 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Interrogating the AU’s Silencing the Guns in Africa 1 A01 21 0000-0003-2791-6564 Tim K Murithi Tim K Murithi 40 01zsz0b12 Institute for Justice and Reconciliation 01 eng 02 00 The African Union (AU) is embarking on its second decade, and it is apt to assess the challenges that it has confronted in terms of efforts to promote peace, security, governance, and the improvement of the livelihood of its constituent peoples. According to the Armed Conflict Location and Event Data Project (ACLED), the African continent is afflic 03 00 The African Union (AU) is embarking on its second decade, and it is apt to assess the challenges that it has confronted in terms of efforts to promote peace, security, governance, and the improvement of the livelihood of its constituent peoples. According to the Armed Conflict Location and Event Data Project (ACLED), the African continent is afflicted by 35 conflicts, of variable intensity, which has led to the displacement of more than 40 million persons across the continent (ACLED 2023). The AU’s Agenda 2063 identifies one of its objectives as the pursuit of “an integrated, prosperous, and peaceful Africa, driven by its citizens and representing a dynamic force in the international arena” (AU 2015). 30 00 The African Union (AU) is embarking on its second decade, and it is apt to assess the challenges that it has confronted in terms of efforts to promote peace, security, governance, and the improvement of the livelihood of its constituent peoples. According to the Armed Conflict Location and Event Data Project (ACLED), the African continent is afflicted by 35 conflicts, of variable intensity, which has led to the displacement of more than 40 million persons across the continent (ACLED 2023). The AU’s Agenda 2063 identifies one of its objectives as the pursuit of “an integrated, prosperous, and peaceful Africa, driven by its citizens and representing a dynamic force in the international arena” (AU 2015). 20 00 Open Access Tim K Murithi 20 03 06 10.36615/9780906785713-17 421 446 26 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Silencing the Guns in Africa from an Algerian Perspective 1 A01 21 0000-0001-9064-3461 Laeed Zaghlami Laeed Zaghlami 40 01pynjp12 University of Algiers 3 2 A01 21 0009-0007-4747-8836 Belkacem Iratni Belkacem Iratni 40 01pynjp12 University of Algiers 3 01 eng 02 00 The report presented at the opening session of the annual African Union (AU) summit held in Addis Ababa in February 2020 under the theme ‘Silencing the Guns: Creating Conducive Conditions for Africa’s Development’ painstakingly admitted “the failure of the engagement taken in 2013 to put an end to all the wars in Africa by 2020” (Algérie-eco 2020). 03 00 The report presented at the opening session of the annual African Union (AU) summit held in Addis Ababa in February 2020 under the theme ‘Silencing the Guns: Creating Conducive Conditions for Africa’s Development’ painstakingly admitted “the failure of the engagement taken in 2013 to put an end to all the wars in Africa by 2020” (Algérie-eco 2020). The AU extended this initiative until 2030 during the 14th extraordinary session of its assembly on Silencing the Guns held in December 2020 in Johannesburg, South Africa because of the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, the failure to consolidate peace, prevent violent extremism, foster democracy, and boost economic progress, has greatly hampered some gains in achieving peace and security in Africa. 30 00 The report presented at the opening session of the annual African Union (AU) summit held in Addis Ababa in February 2020 under the theme ‘Silencing the Guns: Creating Conducive Conditions for Africa’s Development’ painstakingly admitted “the failure of the engagement taken in 2013 to put an end to all the wars in Africa by 2020” (Algérie-eco 2020). The AU extended this initiative until 2030 during the 14th extraordinary session of its assembly on Silencing the Guns held in December 2020 in Johannesburg, South Africa because of the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, the failure to consolidate peace, prevent violent extremism, foster democracy, and boost economic progress, has greatly hampered some gains in achieving peace and security in Africa. 20 00 Open Access Laeed Zaghlami, Belkacem Iratni 21 03 06 10.36615/9780906785713-18 447 466 20 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Prioritising Human Security by the African Union at the Emergence of the New Global Hegemony 1 A01 21 0000-0002-0565-7832 Tazoacha Francis Tazoacha Francis 01 eng 02 00 Human security concerns are primordial in addressing the peace and security challenges that the African continent is facing today. Human security encompasses, firstly, the protection of individuals as a strategic concern for national as well as international security; secondly, it spells out that the security conditions for people’s development are 03 00 Human security concerns are primordial in addressing the peace and security challenges that the African continent is facing today. Human security encompasses, firstly, the protection of individuals as a strategic concern for national as well as international security; secondly, it spells out that the security conditions for people’s development are not bound to traditional matters of national defence, law, and order, but rather encompass all political, economic, and social issues enabling a life free from risk and fear. The world is characterised by insecurity and full of threats on many fronts. Natural disasters, tenacious poverty, violent conflicts, protracted crises, epidemics, and economic recessions inflict adversities and undercut prospects for peace, stability, and sustainable development (UN 2018). Such crises are intricate, necessitating numerous forms of human insecurity. 30 00 Human security concerns are primordial in addressing the peace and security challenges that the African continent is facing today. Human security encompasses, firstly, the protection of individuals as a strategic concern for national as well as international security; secondly, it spells out that the security conditions for people’s development are not bound to traditional matters of national defence, law, and order, but rather encompass all political, economic, and social issues enabling a life free from risk and fear. The world is characterised by insecurity and full of threats on many fronts. Natural disasters, tenacious poverty, violent conflicts, protracted crises, epidemics, and economic recessions inflict adversities and undercut prospects for peace, stability, and sustainable development (UN 2018). Such crises are intricate, necessitating numerous forms of human insecurity. 20 00 Open Access Tazoacha Francis 22 03 06 10.36615/9780906785713-19 469 491 23 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 The Role of the African Union in Elections 1 A01 Samuel Mondays Atuobi Samuel Mondays Atuobi 40 01jg4aw19 African Union Commission 01 eng 02 00 In 2002, a new organisation, the African Union (AU), replaced the Organisation of African Union (OAU). One of the objectives of the OAU was to “promote democratic principles and institutions, popular participation and good governance” (AU 2000:5). 03 00 In 2002, a new organisation, the African Union (AU), replaced the Organisation of African Union (OAU). One of the objectives of the OAU was to “promote democratic principles and institutions, popular participation and good governance” (AU 2000:5). This objective was based on the principles of “respect for democratic principles, human rights, the rule of law and good governance” (AU 2000:7) The objective and principles stated here as captured in the Constitutive Act of the organisation reveal its commitment to democratic principles which include regular, free, and fair elections. Before the AU was launched in 2002, the member states of the OAU had taken giant steps towards holding multiparty elections. For instance, from 1990 to 2001, about 175 presidential and parliamentary elections were held (see table below). Although most of its member states were already holding regular multiparty elections, there were fears that unconstitutional changes of governments would derail their efforts. In 2000, the OAU had to adopt the Lome Declaration on Combatting Unconstitutional Changes of Government (UCG) to guide against backtracking from the democratic path. Consequently, the new continental organisation had to carve a niche in terms of its role in promoting democratic elections. 30 00 In 2002, a new organisation, the African Union (AU), replaced the Organisation of African Union (OAU). One of the objectives of the OAU was to “promote democratic principles and institutions, popular participation and good governance” (AU 2000:5). This objective was based on the principles of “respect for democratic principles, human rights, the rule of law and good governance” (AU 2000:7) The objective and principles stated here as captured in the Constitutive Act of the organisation reveal its commitment to democratic principles which include regular, free, and fair elections. Before the AU was launched in 2002, the member states of the OAU had taken giant steps towards holding multiparty elections. For instance, from 1990 to 2001, about 175 presidential and parliamentary elections were held (see table below). Although most of its member states were already holding regular multiparty elections, there were fears that unconstitutional changes of governments would derail their efforts. In 2000, the OAU had to adopt the Lome Declaration on Combatting Unconstitutional Changes of Government (UCG) to guide against backtracking from the democratic path. Consequently, the new continental organisation had to carve a niche in terms of its role in promoting democratic elections. 20 00 Open Access Samuel Mondays Atuobi 23 03 06 10.36615/9780906785713-20 493 512 20 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Democracy, Governance, and Peacebuilding in Africa: Technology, Cybercitizens and Kenya’s Post-2022 Election Jitters 1 A01 21 0000-0002-0044-3296 Fredrick Ogenga Fredrick Ogenga 40 019z2v446 Rongo University 01 eng 02 00 There have been genuine concerns in public debates regarding the questions of democratic transition, democratic installations, and democratic consolidation in Africa, with varied responses. Of course, it appears that there are two dichotomies, driven by specific epistemic positions regarding ways of being African and attendant democracy in Africa o 03 00 There have been genuine concerns in public debates regarding the questions of democratic transition, democratic installations, and democratic consolidation in Africa, with varied responses. Of course, it appears that there are two dichotomies, driven by specific epistemic positions regarding ways of being African and attendant democracy in Africa or African democracy (Bah 2020; Ajulu 2022; Chitanga 2023; Ogenga 2021; Bah &amp; Ogenga 2020; Maweu &amp; Mare 2021). On the one hand, views that champion Pan-African positions in this debate are not in short supply. On the other, some align with the Western narratives that are still influenced by coloniality that seek to see democracy ‘flourish’ in Africa the Western way (Kobuthi 2023.) The latter view has taken centre stage by celebrating liberal democracy. This can always be fingered for the problematic trajectory that democracy in Africa has assumed in the recent past. Nyere (2022) and Chitanga (2023), for example, demonstrate how democratic institutionalisms thrive on institutions that project coloniality of power par excellence, influencing the universal epistemic frames of global power configurations with those on the receiving end being 30 00 There have been genuine concerns in public debates regarding the questions of democratic transition, democratic installations, and democratic consolidation in Africa, with varied responses. Of course, it appears that there are two dichotomies, driven by specific epistemic positions regarding ways of being African and attendant democracy in Africa or African democracy (Bah 2020; Ajulu 2022; Chitanga 2023; Ogenga 2021; Bah &amp; Ogenga 2020; Maweu &amp; Mare 2021). On the one hand, views that champion Pan-African positions in this debate are not in short supply. On the other, some align with the Western narratives that are still influenced by coloniality that seek to see democracy ‘flourish’ in Africa the Western way (Kobuthi 2023.) The latter view has taken centre stage by celebrating liberal democracy. This can always be fingered for the problematic trajectory that democracy in Africa has assumed in the recent past. Nyere (2022) and Chitanga (2023), for example, demonstrate how democratic institutionalisms thrive on institutions that project coloniality of power par excellence, influencing the universal epistemic frames of global power configurations with those on the receiving end being 20 00 Open Access Fredrick Ogenga 24 03 06 10.36615/9780906785713-21 513 545 33 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Chapter 01 01 Election-related Violence in Africa A Reflection of the African Union’s Response 1 A01 21 0000-0002-4918-415X Ratidzo C Makombe Ratidzo C Makombe 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 01 eng 02 00 Postcolonial Africa has struggled in operationalising liberal democracy, marked by recurring incidents of electoral violence leading to significant loss of lives and destruction of property throughout the continent. This has imposed a responsibility on continental and regional actors, such as the African Union (AU) to intervene. Thus, the AU has ma 03 00 Postcolonial Africa has struggled in operationalising liberal democracy, marked by recurring incidents of electoral violence leading to significant loss of lives and destruction of property throughout the continent. This has imposed a responsibility on continental and regional actors, such as the African Union (AU) to intervene. Thus, the AU has made significant strides in creating several frameworks that foster peace and security on the continent. For instance, the African Charter on Democracy, Elections and Governance (ACDEG), which was proposed in 2007 and enacted in 2012, has been instrumental in the governance and conduct of African elections. Most countries have adopted electoral democracy, with elections held cyclically every four to five years. Despite these initiatives, African elections are marred with election-related violence (ERV) ranging from protests to civilian deaths. 30 00 Postcolonial Africa has struggled in operationalising liberal democracy, marked by recurring incidents of electoral violence leading to significant loss of lives and destruction of property throughout the continent. This has imposed a responsibility on continental and regional actors, such as the African Union (AU) to intervene. Thus, the AU has made significant strides in creating several frameworks that foster peace and security on the continent. For instance, the African Charter on Democracy, Elections and Governance (ACDEG), which was proposed in 2007 and enacted in 2012, has been instrumental in the governance and conduct of African elections. Most countries have adopted electoral democracy, with elections held cyclically every four to five years. Despite these initiatives, African elections are marred with election-related violence (ERV) ranging from protests to civilian deaths. 20 00 Open Access Ratidzo C Makombe 25 03 06 10.36615/9780906785713-22 547 570 24 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Governance, Contested Legitimacy, and the Resurgence of Military Coups in Africa: The Role of the African Union 1 A01 21 0000-0002-3775-1620 Habu Mohammed Habu Mohammed 40 049pzty39 Bayero University Kano 01 eng 02 00 Over the decades, African countries have experienced governance crises and what others have tagged governance deficit. The potential for African countries to draw lessons from their histories of inadequate governance and alter the trajectory of development in both politics and the economy appears to be a subject open to debate. 03 00 Over the decades, African countries have experienced governance crises and what others have tagged governance deficit. The potential for African countries to draw lessons from their histories of inadequate governance and alter the trajectory of development in both politics and the economy appears to be a subject open to debate. Personal rule and personalisation of politics have created a situation whereby democratic institutions are impaired the most at the expense of the collective good. Indeed, there has been an emergence of big personalities who have occupied the political spaces of their societies – legitimately or illegitimately. The narrower the political space, the heavier the toll of misgovernance on the citizens who suffer most of the brunt of leadership failure, caused by a lack of political legitimacy. These tendencies manifest themselves more in the continent’s history of state formation and political processes. 30 00 Over the decades, African countries have experienced governance crises and what others have tagged governance deficit. The potential for African countries to draw lessons from their histories of inadequate governance and alter the trajectory of development in both politics and the economy appears to be a subject open to debate. Personal rule and personalisation of politics have created a situation whereby democratic institutions are impaired the most at the expense of the collective good. Indeed, there has been an emergence of big personalities who have occupied the political spaces of their societies – legitimately or illegitimately. The narrower the political space, the heavier the toll of misgovernance on the citizens who suffer most of the brunt of leadership failure, caused by a lack of political legitimacy. These tendencies manifest themselves more in the continent’s history of state formation and political processes. 20 00 Open Access Habu Mohammed 26 03 06 10.36615/9780906785713-23 573 598 26 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 African Union at 20: Gender Relations in Africa and Agenda 2063 1 A01 21 0000-0003-0086-2121 Dorcas Ettang Dorcas Ettang 40 0303y7a51 Durban University of Technology 01 eng 02 00 Celebrating its 20th year, the African Union (AU) has made significant strides in improving gender relations and addressing gender gaps in its various policies and structures. These efforts are evident in its Gender Parity Project, Gender Policy, Agenda 2063, and Ten-Year Implementation Plan, and continental reports on the implementation of Agenda 03 00 Celebrating its 20th year, the African Union (AU) has made significant strides in improving gender relations and addressing gender gaps in its various policies and structures. These efforts are evident in its Gender Parity Project, Gender Policy, Agenda 2063, and Ten-Year Implementation Plan, and continental reports on the implementation of Agenda 2063. Agenda 2063 comprehensively presents the various dimensions of Africa’s political, socio-economic, and security landscapes and situates gender within it through its various provisions and implementation plans. Aspiration 6 of Agenda 2063 clarifies the position of the AU and its member states on gender equality, with its primary goal of achieving “full gender equality in all spheres of life” by prioritising women’s and girls’ empowerment and preventing discrimination and violence against them (AU 2015a). Its Ten-Year Implementation Plan, published in 2015, notes the transformational goal of reducing violence against women by a third and normalising gender parity by 2023 in all its organs and regional economic communities (RECs). The union’s review of national and RECs’ strategic plans identified gender and women’s development as a priority area (AU 2015b). 30 00 Celebrating its 20th year, the African Union (AU) has made significant strides in improving gender relations and addressing gender gaps in its various policies and structures. These efforts are evident in its Gender Parity Project, Gender Policy, Agenda 2063, and Ten-Year Implementation Plan, and continental reports on the implementation of Agenda 2063. Agenda 2063 comprehensively presents the various dimensions of Africa’s political, socio-economic, and security landscapes and situates gender within it through its various provisions and implementation plans. Aspiration 6 of Agenda 2063 clarifies the position of the AU and its member states on gender equality, with its primary goal of achieving “full gender equality in all spheres of life” by prioritising women’s and girls’ empowerment and preventing discrimination and violence against them (AU 2015a). Its Ten-Year Implementation Plan, published in 2015, notes the transformational goal of reducing violence against women by a third and normalising gender parity by 2023 in all its organs and regional economic communities (RECs). The union’s review of national and RECs’ strategic plans identified gender and women’s development as a priority area (AU 2015b). 20 00 Open Access Dorcas Ettang 27 03 06 10.36615/9780906785713-24 599 637 39 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 African Women Labour Migrants: Assessing the African Union Free Movement of Persons Protocol 1 A01 21 0009-0006-4399-2195 Nompumelelo Ndawonde Nompumelelo Ndawonde 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 01 eng 02 00 In the contemporary world, the trend of women’s migration has grown increasingly prominent. In 2020, the global international migrant stock included approximately 135 million female migrants, accounting for 48.1% of the total, meaning nearly half of the world’s migrants are women and girls (UN DESA 2020). 03 00 In the contemporary world, the trend of women’s migration has grown increasingly prominent. In 2020, the global international migrant stock included approximately 135 million female migrants, accounting for 48.1% of the total, meaning nearly half of the world’s migrants are women and girls (UN DESA 2020). This increasing visibility of women in international migration is often referred to as the feminisation of migration. This term captures the rising prevalence of women who travel independently in global migration patterns (IOM 2021). 30 00 In the contemporary world, the trend of women’s migration has grown increasingly prominent. In 2020, the global international migrant stock included approximately 135 million female migrants, accounting for 48.1% of the total, meaning nearly half of the world’s migrants are women and girls (UN DESA 2020). This increasing visibility of women in international migration is often referred to as the feminisation of migration. This term captures the rising prevalence of women who travel independently in global migration patterns (IOM 2021). 20 00 Open Access Nompumelelo Ndawonde 28 03 06 10.36615/9780906785713-25 639 658 20 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Theorising Women’s Inclusion in Peace Processes Towards the Actualisation of Agenda 2063 1 A01 21 0000-0002-6505-4988 Adeogun Tolulope Adeogun Tolulope 40 0303y7a51 Durban University of Technology 2 A01 21 0000-0003-0086-2121 Dorcas Ettang Dorcas Ettang 40 0303y7a51 Durban University of Technology 3 A01 21 0000-0002-5962-7188 Rabele Litlhare Rabele Litlhare 40 00g0p6g84 University of Pretoria 01 eng 02 00 For centuries, conflict of various shades has taken over nations of the world. As one country is coming out of war, another is on the verge of war. War is divided into two categories: interstate (country(ies) against country(ies)) and intra-state (wars within countries); however, intra-state wars have become popular in recent times. 03 00 For centuries, conflict of various shades has taken over nations of the world. As one country is coming out of war, another is on the verge of war. War is divided into two categories: interstate (country(ies) against country(ies)) and intra-state (wars within countries); however, intra-state wars have become popular in recent times. Expectedly, Africa is not exempt from this destructive and disruptive menace. In recent years, the African continent has witnessed genocide, ethnicism, terrorism, and other forms of unrest and political instability, leading to the loss of millions of lives and property, leaving people homeless, and straining the socio-political and economic fabrics of many African countries. 30 00 For centuries, conflict of various shades has taken over nations of the world. As one country is coming out of war, another is on the verge of war. War is divided into two categories: interstate (country(ies) against country(ies)) and intra-state (wars within countries); however, intra-state wars have become popular in recent times. Expectedly, Africa is not exempt from this destructive and disruptive menace. In recent years, the African continent has witnessed genocide, ethnicism, terrorism, and other forms of unrest and political instability, leading to the loss of millions of lives and property, leaving people homeless, and straining the socio-political and economic fabrics of many African countries. 20 00 Open Access Adeogun Tolulope,Dorcas Ettang, Rabele Litlhare 29 03 06 10.36615/9780906785713-26 659 685 27 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 The African Union at 20: Youth Inclusivity and Agenda 2063 1 A01 Lennon Monyae Lennon Monyae 01 eng 02 00 Africa is endowed with innovative and inventive dynamism that should not be relegated to the margins of statistics. Mo Ibrahim Foundation (2019) findings indicate that Africa is currently experiencing a massive youth bulge, with approximately 60% of Africa’s population less than 25 years old, and this population is expected to grow by more than 180 03 00 Africa is endowed with innovative and inventive dynamism that should not be relegated to the margins of statistics. Mo Ibrahim Foundation (2019) findings indicate that Africa is currently experiencing a massive youth bulge, with approximately 60% of Africa’s population less than 25 years old, and this population is expected to grow by more than 180% by the end of the century. On the other hand, Europe’s youth will shrink by 21% and Asia’s by 28%. Projections by the same study project that by 2100, Africa’s youth population will be equivalent to twice Europe’s entire population. 30 00 Africa is endowed with innovative and inventive dynamism that should not be relegated to the margins of statistics. Mo Ibrahim Foundation (2019) findings indicate that Africa is currently experiencing a massive youth bulge, with approximately 60% of Africa’s population less than 25 years old, and this population is expected to grow by more than 180% by the end of the century. On the other hand, Europe’s youth will shrink by 21% and Asia’s by 28%. Projections by the same study project that by 2100, Africa’s youth population will be equivalent to twice Europe’s entire population. 20 00 Open Access Lennon Monyae 30 03 06 10.36615/9780906785713-27 689 715 27 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 The African Union’s Strategy for Digital Transformation in Africa Maximising Opportunities and Overcoming Challenges 1 A01 21 0000-0001-7151-7080 Odilile Ayodele Odilile Ayodele 40 056206b04 Human Sciences Research Council 01 eng 02 00 Scholars and practitioners of African politics and African Union (AU) studies have been bedevilled by intersecting crises in the 2020s, including faltering democratisation (Fomunyoh 2020; Xolani, Nkosingiphile &amp; Muzi 2022), growing insecurity (Obadare 2023; Siaplay &amp; Werker 2023), and lopsided economic development patterns that originated d 03 00 Scholars and practitioners of African politics and African Union (AU) studies have been bedevilled by intersecting crises in the 2020s, including faltering democratisation (Fomunyoh 2020; Xolani, Nkosingiphile &amp; Muzi 2022), growing insecurity (Obadare 2023; Siaplay &amp; Werker 2023), and lopsided economic development patterns that originated during colonialism and further deepened during the Cold War (Cogneau, Dupraz &amp; Mesplé-Somps 2018; Cramer, Sender &amp; Oqubay 2020). Despite the efforts of national and regional actors to redress the dwindling economic performance of African states and rising insecurity as well as political instability, the failure to sprint towards continental integration has circumvented the ability to effect change, amidst the prospects for digital transformation. 30 00 Scholars and practitioners of African politics and African Union (AU) studies have been bedevilled by intersecting crises in the 2020s, including faltering democratisation (Fomunyoh 2020; Xolani, Nkosingiphile &amp; Muzi 2022), growing insecurity (Obadare 2023; Siaplay &amp; Werker 2023), and lopsided economic development patterns that originated during colonialism and further deepened during the Cold War (Cogneau, Dupraz &amp; Mesplé-Somps 2018; Cramer, Sender &amp; Oqubay 2020). Despite the efforts of national and regional actors to redress the dwindling economic performance of African states and rising insecurity as well as political instability, the failure to sprint towards continental integration has circumvented the ability to effect change, amidst the prospects for digital transformation. 20 00 Open Access Odilile Ayodele 31 03 06 10.36615/9780906785713-28 717 744 Chapter 01 01 Africa and the Curriculum Transformation Project Towards the Epistemic-Independent Africa We Want 1 A01 21 0000-0002-2706-9097 Everisto Benyera Everisto Benyera 40 048cwvf49 University of South Africa 01 eng 03 00 As stakeholders reflect on the African Union (AU)’s 20 years of existence, it must be re-emphasised that decolonisation is not an event, but a set of interlinked and dependent processes. These processes are meant to respond to the mutation of the empire from its founding as a political empire to its adaptive mode as an economic empire and to its current survival mode as an epistemic/cognitive empire. Decolonisation processes must be able to continuously respond to this mutation of colonialism which has given rise to coloniality. One of the ways Africa can respond is through transforming the curriculum, especially the university curriculum, in the quest for epistemic independence in Africa. 30 00 As stakeholders reflect on the African Union (AU)’s 20 years of existence, it must be re-emphasised that decolonisation is not an event, but a set of interlinked and dependent processes. These processes are meant to respond to the mutation of the empire from its founding as a political empire to its adaptive mode as an economic empire and to its current survival mode as an epistemic/cognitive empire. Decolonisation processes must be able to continuously respond to this mutation of colonialism which has given rise to coloniality. One of the ways Africa can respond is through transforming the curriculum, especially the university curriculum, in the quest for epistemic independence in Africa. 32 03 06 10.36615/9780906785713-29 745 778 34 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 African Union at 20: Health Systems Strengthening for Post‑COVID Dispensation 1 A01 21 0000-0003-2674-1520 Njabulo Mbanda Njabulo Mbanda 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 01 eng 02 00 In January 2014, the former chairperson of the African Union (AU) Commission, Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma, presented Agenda 2063: The Africa We Want as a blueprint and master plan for transforming the continent into “The Africa of the Future”. 03 00 In January 2014, the former chairperson of the African Union (AU) Commission, Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma, presented Agenda 2063: The Africa We Want as a blueprint and master plan for transforming the continent into “The Africa of the Future”. As a strategic framework, this agenda is also founded on an approach for inclusive and sustainable development, which represents, “a concrete manifestation of the Pan-African drive for unity, self-determination, freedom, progress, and collective prosperity pursued under Pan-Africanism and African Renaissance”. Through its broad flagship programmes that aim mainly to transform the continent into the global powerhouse of the future, Agenda 2063 also provides clear direction for the continent’s plans for ensuring healthy lives and promoting the wellbeing of all people. Incidentally, this is the exact focus of the United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), which are key to the theme of the chapter, as revealed in the table below. 30 00 In January 2014, the former chairperson of the African Union (AU) Commission, Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma, presented Agenda 2063: The Africa We Want as a blueprint and master plan for transforming the continent into “The Africa of the Future”. As a strategic framework, this agenda is also founded on an approach for inclusive and sustainable development, which represents, “a concrete manifestation of the Pan-African drive for unity, self-determination, freedom, progress, and collective prosperity pursued under Pan-Africanism and African Renaissance”. Through its broad flagship programmes that aim mainly to transform the continent into the global powerhouse of the future, Agenda 2063 also provides clear direction for the continent’s plans for ensuring healthy lives and promoting the wellbeing of all people. Incidentally, this is the exact focus of the United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), which are key to the theme of the chapter, as revealed in the table below. 20 00 Open Access Njabulo Mbanda 33 03 06 10.36615/9780906785713-30 779 803 25 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Africa, Climate Change, and Development Towards A Strategic Balancing Posture 1 A01 Ngono Louis Narcisse Ngono Louis Narcisse 01 eng 02 00 Over the decades, Africa has been at the receiving end of climate change. In the context of the global fight against climate change, Africa must act given its vulnerability and the threats to its development projections. 03 00 Over the decades, Africa has been at the receiving end of climate change. In the context of the global fight against climate change, Africa must act given its vulnerability and the threats to its development projections. Understood within the meaning of the United Nations Framework Convention as mutations attributable directly or indirectly to anthropogenic activities modifying the constitution of the global atmosphere and adding to natural climate variability, climate change is a major challenge for the world. No region is spared, least of all Africa, which is more than ever under the influence of extreme climatic phenomena likely to compromise its development trajectory, although it is anchored in a regional vision of economic emergence (AU 2015). This mutation is linked to an additional greenhouse effect caused by a model of planetary society mainly dependent on fossil fuels (Ngono 2022). This warming thus causes a sudden change in the climate which manifests itself through variations in climatic characteristics by establishing extreme phenomena such as rising sea levels, droughts, floods, cyclones, weakening of forests, threats to freshwater resources, agricultural crises, desertification, reduction of biodiversity, and the spread of tropical diseases. 30 00 Over the decades, Africa has been at the receiving end of climate change. In the context of the global fight against climate change, Africa must act given its vulnerability and the threats to its development projections. Understood within the meaning of the United Nations Framework Convention as mutations attributable directly or indirectly to anthropogenic activities modifying the constitution of the global atmosphere and adding to natural climate variability, climate change is a major challenge for the world. No region is spared, least of all Africa, which is more than ever under the influence of extreme climatic phenomena likely to compromise its development trajectory, although it is anchored in a regional vision of economic emergence (AU 2015). This mutation is linked to an additional greenhouse effect caused by a model of planetary society mainly dependent on fossil fuels (Ngono 2022). This warming thus causes a sudden change in the climate which manifests itself through variations in climatic characteristics by establishing extreme phenomena such as rising sea levels, droughts, floods, cyclones, weakening of forests, threats to freshwater resources, agricultural crises, desertification, reduction of biodiversity, and the spread of tropical diseases. 20 00 Open Access Ngono Louis Narcisse UJ Press 01 URL https://ujpress.uj.ac.za 01 UJ Press 01 Publisher's website: home page https://ujpress.uj.ac.za/ 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/283 Johannesburg 04 01 20250628 Khabele Matlosa, Adeoye O. Akinola; Sven Botha, Ebrima Sall, Siphamandla Zondi, Eddy Maloka, Hesphina Rukato, Horace G Campbell, Osy Ezechukwunyere Nwebo, Kayode Eesuola, Seife K Tadelle, Lemuel Odeh, Olawale Yemisi, Kai-Ann D Skeete, Tshepo Gwatiwa, Dawn Isabel Nagar, James Zotto, Ndubuisi Christian Ani, Tim K Murithi, Laeed Zaghlami, Belkacem Iratni, Tazoacha Francis, Samuel Mondays Atuobi, Fredrick Ogenga, Ratidzo C Makombe, Habu Mohammed, Dorcas Ettang, Nompumelelo Ndawonde, Adeogun Tolulope, Rabele Litlhare, Lennon Monyae, Odilile Ayodele, Everisto Benyera, Njabulo Mbanda, Ngono Louis Narcisse 02 WORLD 06 15 9780906785706 06 15 9780906785713 06 15 9780906785720 WORLD 11 Unknown 36 Unspecified hosting platform: webpage for this product https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/283 29 Unspecified hosting platform: download the title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/view/283/1204/4873 20 08 20250628 01 urn:uuid:f2034212-f48f-4f7e-b13f-29daede405de 03 01 01 thoth-work-id urn:uuid:15fe9d06-6ed8-4309-95a5-9024def08689 01 thoth-publication-id urn:uuid:f2034212-f48f-4f7e-b13f-29daede405de 15 9780906785720 06 10.36615/9780906785713 00 EB E101 10 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 01 01 African Union and Agenda 2063 The Past, Present and Future 1 B01 21 0000-0002-5701-0475 Adeoye Akinola Adeoye Akinola 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg Dr Adeoye O. Akinola is the Head of Research and Teaching at the Institute for Pan-African Thought and Conversation, University of Johannesburg. &nbsp; 2 B01 21 0000-0003-4185-593X Khabele Matlosa Khabele Matlosa 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 40 056206b04 Human Sciences Research Council 3 A01 21 0000-0002-3957-9086 Sven Botha Sven Botha Sven Botha 40 00g0p6g84 University of Pretoria 4 A01 Ebrima Sall Ebrima Sall 40 01r55tz35 TrustAfrica 5 A01 Siphamandla Zondi Siphamandla Zondi 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 6 A01 Eddy Maloka Eddy Maloka 7 A01 Hesphina Rukato Hesphina Rukato 8 A01 21 0000-0003-2741-6623 Horace G Campbell Horace G Campbell 40 025r5qe02 Syracuse University 9 A01 Osy Ezechukwunyere Nwebo Osy Ezechukwunyere Nwebo 40 0257ekp23 Imo State University 10 A01 21 0000-0002-4962-4354 Kayode Eesuola Kayode Eesuola 40 05rk03822 University of Lagos 12 A01 21 0000-0003-2618-1199 Lemuel Odeh Lemuel Odeh 40 032kdwk38 University of Ilorin 13 A01 21 0000-0002-2817-9765 Olawale Yemisi Olawale Yemisi 40 03wx2rr30 University of Ibadan 14 A01 21 0000-0003-3043-0362 Kai-Ann D Skeete Kai-Ann D Skeete 40 05p4f7w60 University of the West Indies 15 A01 21 0000-0002-4661-2040 Tshepo Gwatiwa Tshepo Gwatiwa 40 01sf06y89 Macquarie University 16 A01 21 0000-0001-9040-9501 Dawn Isabel Nagar Dawn Isabel Nagar 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 17 A01 21 0000-0003-4185-593X Khabele Matlosa Khabele Matlosa 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 40 056206b04 Human Sciences Research Council 18 A01 21 0000-0002-5701-0475 Adeoye Akinola Adeoye Akinola 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 19 A01 21 0000-0002-9673-3924 James Zotto James Zotto 40 0479aed98 University of Dar es Salaam 20 A01 21 0000-0002-2457-6624 Ndubuisi Christian Ani Ndubuisi Christian Ani 40 00m3wrz48 United States Institute of Peace 21 A01 21 0000-0003-2791-6564 Tim K Murithi Tim K Murithi 40 01zsz0b12 Institute for Justice and Reconciliation 22 A01 21 0000-0001-9064-3461 Laeed Zaghlami Laeed Zaghlami 40 01pynjp12 University of Algiers 3 23 A01 21 0009-0007-4747-8836 Belkacem Iratni Belkacem Iratni 40 01pynjp12 University of Algiers 3 24 A01 21 0000-0002-0565-7832 Tazoacha Francis Tazoacha Francis 25 A01 Samuel Mondays Atuobi Samuel Mondays Atuobi 40 01jg4aw19 African Union Commission 26 A01 21 0000-0002-0044-3296 Fredrick Ogenga Fredrick Ogenga 40 019z2v446 Rongo University 27 A01 21 0000-0002-4918-415X Ratidzo C Makombe Ratidzo C Makombe 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 28 A01 21 0000-0002-3775-1620 Habu Mohammed Habu Mohammed 40 049pzty39 Bayero University Kano 29 A01 21 0000-0003-0086-2121 Dorcas Ettang Dorcas Ettang 40 0303y7a51 Durban University of Technology 30 A01 21 0009-0006-4399-2195 Nompumelelo Ndawonde Nompumelelo Ndawonde 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 31 A01 21 0000-0002-6505-4988 Adeogun Tolulope Adeogun Tolulope 40 0303y7a51 Durban University of Technology 32 A01 21 0000-0002-5962-7188 Rabele Litlhare Rabele Litlhare 40 00g0p6g84 University of Pretoria 33 A01 Lennon Monyae Lennon Monyae 34 A01 21 0000-0001-7151-7080 Odilile Ayodele Odilile Ayodele 40 056206b04 Human Sciences Research Council 35 A01 21 0000-0002-2706-9097 Everisto Benyera Everisto Benyera 40 048cwvf49 University of South Africa 36 A01 21 0000-0003-2674-1520 Njabulo Mbanda Njabulo Mbanda 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 37 A01 Ngono Louis Narcisse Ngono Louis Narcisse 01 eng 00 848 03 93 1QFB 93 JPW 20 Pan-Africanism 10 POL053000 20 peace and security 20 Agenda 2063 20 African union 20 Regional integration 20 Democratic Governance 01 06 02 00 Since its official launch on 9 July 2002 in Durban, South Africa, the African Union (AU) has taken on the complex mantle of promoting peace, governance, development, and continental integration—building on the legacy of its predecessor, the Organisation of African Unity (OAU). 03 00 Since its official launch on 9 July 2002 in Durban, South Africa, the African Union (AU) has taken on the complex mantle of promoting peace, governance, development, and continental integration—building on the legacy of its predecessor, the Organisation of African Unity (OAU). While the OAU championed the liberation and unity of African states, the AU expanded this vision under the broader framework of Pan-Africanism, aligning it with modern challenges and aspirations. As the AU marked its 20th anniversary in 2022, there emerged a critical need to evaluate its performance, particularly in relation to Agenda 2063: The Africa We Want—a strategic vision for Africa’s long-term transformation adopted in 2013. Understanding the AU’s trajectory requires reflection on the historical struggles that shaped Pan-Africanism, including colonialism, apartheid, and racial injustice. Key milestones such as the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) reflect progress, but limited advancement in flagship projects like the Free Movement of Persons and “Silencing the Guns” initiative highlights persistent challenges. This book, African Union and Agenda 2063: The Past, Present, and Future, undertakes a critical assessment of the AU’s 20-year record, aiming to reinvigorate Pan-African consciousness and examine the structural and political constraints hindering the Union’s effectiveness in achieving lasting peace, prosperity, and unity across the continent. 30 00 Since its official launch on 9 July 2002 in Durban, South Africa, the African Union (AU) has taken on the complex mantle of promoting peace, governance, development, and continental integration—building on the legacy of its predecessor, the Organisation of African Unity (OAU). While the OAU championed the liberation and unity of African states, the AU expanded this vision under the broader framework of Pan-Africanism, aligning it with modern challenges and aspirations. As the AU marked its 20th anniversary in 2022, there emerged a critical need to evaluate its performance, particularly in relation to Agenda 2063: The Africa We Want—a strategic vision for Africa’s long-term transformation adopted in 2013. Understanding the AU’s trajectory requires reflection on the historical struggles that shaped Pan-Africanism, including colonialism, apartheid, and racial injustice. Key milestones such as the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) reflect progress, but limited advancement in flagship projects like the Free Movement of Persons and “Silencing the Guns” initiative highlights persistent challenges. This book, African Union and Agenda 2063: The Past, Present, and Future, undertakes a critical assessment of the AU’s 20-year record, aiming to reinvigorate Pan-African consciousness and examine the structural and political constraints hindering the Union’s effectiveness in achieving lasting peace, prosperity, and unity across the continent. 04 00 Editorial Foreword Sven Botha Foreword Ebrima Sall Preface Africa: Pathways and Crossroads Siphamandla Zondi African Union and the Agenda 2063 Project Adeoye Akinola, Khabele Matlosa DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9780906785713-01 The Reform of the African Union History and Progress Eddy Maloka DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9780906785713-02 The African Union and the Pan‑African Agenda Hesphina Rukato DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9780906785713-03 Reconstruction and Reparative Justice for Global African Peoples in the 21st Century Horace G Campbell DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9780906785713-04 African Union Integration Agenda and the Challenges of Plurality and Sovereignty Osy Ezechukwunyere Nwebo DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9780906785713-05 African Union and the Leadership Conundrum Kayode Eesuola DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9780906785713-06 Africa Continental Free Trade Agreement – AfCFTA Prospects and Impediments Seife K Tadelle DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9780906785713-07 Rebuilding African Economy in a Globalised World The African Continental Free Trade Agreement (AfCFTA) and the Question of Intra‑African Trade Lemuel Odeh, Olawale Yemisi DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9780906785713-08 The Question of The Decade Is it Feasible for CARICOM to Co‑ordinate its Foreign Policy towards Africa? Kai-Ann D Skeete DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9780906785713-09 The African Union and the United States The Pursuit of a Strategic Partnership Tshepo Gwatiwa DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9780906785713-10 United Nations-African Union Relations Towards Sustainable Peace and Economic Development and the Attainment of Agenda 2063 Dawn Isabel Nagar DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9780906785713-11 Intra-African Migration and the Prospects for Regional Integration Khabele Matlosa DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9780906785713-12 Africa-EU Migration Between a Rock and a Hard Place? Adeoye Akinola DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9780906785713-13 The ‘Unholy Trinity Powers’ in the Malawi-Tanzania Border Dispute The Shaping of Postcolonial Relations in Southern Africa James Zotto DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9780906785713-14 The Quest for Peace in Africa Convergence and Fragmentation within the African Peace and Security Architecture (APSA) Ndubuisi Christian Ani DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9780906785713-15 Interrogating the AU’s Silencing the Guns in Africa Tim K Murithi DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9780906785713-16 Silencing the Guns in Africa from an Algerian Perspective Laeed Zaghlami, Belkacem Iratni DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9780906785713-17 Prioritising Human Security by the African Union at the Emergence of the New Global Hegemony Tazoacha Francis DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9780906785713-18 The Role of the African Union in Elections Samuel Mondays Atuobi DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9780906785713-19 Democracy, Governance, and Peacebuilding in Africa Technology, Cybercitizens and Kenya’s Post-2022 Election Jitters Fredrick Ogenga DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9780906785713-20 Election-related Violence in Africa A Reflection of the African Union’s Response Ratidzo C Makombe DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9780906785713-21 Governance, Contested Legitimacy, and the Resurgence of Military Coups in Africa The Role of the African Union Habu Mohammed DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9780906785713-22 African Union at 20 Gender Relations in Africa and Agenda 2063 Dorcas Ettang DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9780906785713-23 African Women Labour Migrants Assessing the African Union Free Movement of Persons Protocol Nompumelelo Ndawonde DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9780906785713-24 Theorising Women’s Inclusion in Peace Processes Towards the Actualisation of Agenda 2063 Rabele Litlhare DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9780906785713-25 The African Union at 20 Youth Inclusivity and Agenda 2063 Lennon Monyae DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9780906785713-26 The African Union’s Strategy for Digital Transformation in Africa Maximising Opportunities and Overcoming Challenges Odilile Ayodele DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9780906785713-27 Africa and the Curriculum Transformation Project Towards the Epistemic-Independent Africa We Want Everisto Benyera DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9780906785713-28 African Union at 20 Health Systems Strengthening for Post‑COVID Dispensation Njabulo Mbanda DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9780906785713-29 Africa, Climate Change, and Development Towards A Strategic Balancing Posture Ngono Louis Narcisse DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9780906785713-30 20 00 Open Access 01 00 03 02 https://books.ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/10.36615/9780906785713_frontcover.jpg 1 03 06 10.36615/9780906785713-00 xiii xiv 2 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Editorial Foreword 1 A01 Sven Botha Sven Botha 40 00g0p6g84 University of Pretoria 01 eng 02 00 The African Union (AU) and its predecessor, the Organisation for African Unity, have undergone many trials and tribulations. 03 00 The African Union (AU) and its predecessor, the Organisation for African Unity, have undergone many trials and tribulations. Pan-Africanist through leader and former South African President (1999-2008), Thabo Mbeki, summed up this journey as follows: 30 00 The African Union (AU) and its predecessor, the Organisation for African Unity, have undergone many trials and tribulations. Pan-Africanist through leader and former South African President (1999-2008), Thabo Mbeki, summed up this journey as follows: 20 00 Open Access Sven Botha 4 03 06 10.36615/9780906785713-01 3 28 26 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 African Union and the Agenda 2063 Project 1 B01 21 0000-0002-5701-0475 Adeoye Akinola Adeoye Akinola 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 2 B01 21 0000-0003-4185-593X Khabele Matlosa Khabele Matlosa 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 40 056206b04 Human Sciences Research Council 01 eng 02 00 On 9 July 2002, South Africa played host to eminent Africans as the African Union (AU) was officially founded and launched in its port city of Durban, amid diplomatic fanfare. The AU emerged as the custodian of continental unity and integration, inheriting the noble mantle from its precursor, the Organisation of Afri 03 00 On 9 July 2002, South Africa played host to eminent Africans as the African Union (AU) was officially founded and launched in its port city of Durban, amid diplomatic fanfare. The AU emerged as the custodian of continental unity and integration, inheriting the noble mantle from its precursor, the Organisation of African Unity (OAU), which had gallantly steered the course since its inception in 1963. Both the OAU and AU stand as formidable bastions of Pan-Africanism and heralds of the African Renaissance, epitomising the fervent pursuit of state-driven continental cohesion and solidarity. 30 00 On 9 July 2002, South Africa played host to eminent Africans as the African Union (AU) was officially founded and launched in its port city of Durban, amid diplomatic fanfare. The AU emerged as the custodian of continental unity and integration, inheriting the noble mantle from its precursor, the Organisation of African Unity (OAU), which had gallantly steered the course since its inception in 1963. Both the OAU and AU stand as formidable bastions of Pan-Africanism and heralds of the African Renaissance, epitomising the fervent pursuit of state-driven continental cohesion and solidarity. 20 00 Open Access Adeoye O Akinola, Khabele Matlosa 5 03 06 10.36615/9780906785713-02 29 44 16 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 The Reform of the African Union: History and Progress 1 A01 Eddy Maloka Eddy Maloka 01 eng 02 00 The imperative of reform within the African Union (AU) has been an ongoing process marked by pivotal transitions to elevate continental governance and prosperity. Originating from the nuanced negotiations of the Organisation of African Unity (OAU) Charter in 1963, the need to address unres 03 00 The imperative of reform within the African Union (AU) has been an ongoing process marked by pivotal transitions to elevate continental governance and prosperity. Originating from the nuanced negotiations of the Organisation of African Unity (OAU) Charter in 1963, the need to address unresolved issues within its framework laid the foundation for subsequent reform agendas. The OAU’s shortcomings in effectively addressing key challenges such as development, governance, peace, security, and Africa’s global positioning underscored the necessity for reformative measures. Engaging African citizens further justified recalibrating the organisation to align with continental aspirations. The evolution of reformative paradigms over successive generations saw visionary leadership emerge during the ‘plans without champions’ era, with figures like Adebayo Adedeji spearheading transformative initiatives such as the Lagos Plan of Action and the Abuja Treaty. However, the slow pace of reform prompted a shift towards a more assertive, action-oriented approach during the era of ‘champions’, led by figures like former South African president Thabo Mbeki, Nigerian president Olusegun Obasanjo, and Libyan president Muammar Gaddafi. 30 00 The imperative of reform within the African Union (AU) has been an ongoing process marked by pivotal transitions to elevate continental governance and prosperity. Originating from the nuanced negotiations of the Organisation of African Unity (OAU) Charter in 1963, the need to address unresolved issues within its framework laid the foundation for subsequent reform agendas. The OAU’s shortcomings in effectively addressing key challenges such as development, governance, peace, security, and Africa’s global positioning underscored the necessity for reformative measures. Engaging African citizens further justified recalibrating the organisation to align with continental aspirations. The evolution of reformative paradigms over successive generations saw visionary leadership emerge during the ‘plans without champions’ era, with figures like Adebayo Adedeji spearheading transformative initiatives such as the Lagos Plan of Action and the Abuja Treaty. However, the slow pace of reform prompted a shift towards a more assertive, action-oriented approach during the era of ‘champions’, led by figures like former South African president Thabo Mbeki, Nigerian president Olusegun Obasanjo, and Libyan president Muammar Gaddafi. 20 00 Open Access Eddy Maloka 6 03 06 10.36615/9780906785713-03 47 74 28 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 The African Union and the Pan‑African Agenda 1 A01 Hesphina Rukato Hesphina Rukato 01 eng 02 00 A comprehensive discussion and analysis of the African Union (AU) and its Pan-African Agenda requires a consideration of Africa’s history, as well as how Africans have and continue to respond to slavery and colonialism. Among the most notable of these responses is the growth of Pan-Africanism globally, as well as struggles for the independence of A 03 00 A comprehensive discussion and analysis of the African Union (AU) and its Pan-African Agenda requires a consideration of Africa’s history, as well as how Africans have and continue to respond to slavery and colonialism. Among the most notable of these responses is the growth of Pan-Africanism globally, as well as struggles for the independence of African countries from colonial domination. Slavery and colonialism carved a master-servant relationship between the colonial powers and the colonised African countries. This asymmetric relation still characterises Africa’s engagement with the rest of the world today, and it has continued to entrench the continent’s political, economic, social, and cultural marginalisation. 30 00 A comprehensive discussion and analysis of the African Union (AU) and its Pan-African Agenda requires a consideration of Africa’s history, as well as how Africans have and continue to respond to slavery and colonialism. Among the most notable of these responses is the growth of Pan-Africanism globally, as well as struggles for the independence of African countries from colonial domination. Slavery and colonialism carved a master-servant relationship between the colonial powers and the colonised African countries. This asymmetric relation still characterises Africa’s engagement with the rest of the world today, and it has continued to entrench the continent’s political, economic, social, and cultural marginalisation. 20 00 Open Access Hesphina Rukato 7 03 06 10.36615/9780906785713-04 75 113 39 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Reconstruction and Reparative Justice for Global African Peoples in the 21st Century 1 A01 21 0000-0003-2741-6623 Horace G Campbell Horace G Campbell 40 025r5qe02 Syracuse University 01 eng 02 00 The vigilant African optimism that was invoked by Cheikh Anta Diop is being deployed in the face of the challenges to humanity accentuated by the crises of global capital. From the period of the Atlantic slave trade, through Jim Crow, the colonial period, and apartheid, the organisational capabilities 03 00 The vigilant African optimism that was invoked by Cheikh Anta Diop is being deployed in the face of the challenges to humanity accentuated by the crises of global capital. From the period of the Atlantic slave trade, through Jim Crow, the colonial period, and apartheid, the organisational capabilities of African peoples for emancipation and the humanisation of the planet Earth had prevented humanity from slipping into total barbarism. The resistance to enslavement, whether in Africa or the Western world, created the basis and momentum that led to the formation of organisations and the birth of the idea of Pan Africanism. 30 00 The vigilant African optimism that was invoked by Cheikh Anta Diop is being deployed in the face of the challenges to humanity accentuated by the crises of global capital. From the period of the Atlantic slave trade, through Jim Crow, the colonial period, and apartheid, the organisational capabilities of African peoples for emancipation and the humanisation of the planet Earth had prevented humanity from slipping into total barbarism. The resistance to enslavement, whether in Africa or the Western world, created the basis and momentum that led to the formation of organisations and the birth of the idea of Pan Africanism. 20 00 Open Access Horace G Campbell 8 03 06 10.36615/9780906785713-05 117 140 24 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 African Union Integration Agenda and the Challenges of Plurality and Sovereignty 1 A01 Osy Ezechukwunyere Nwebo Osy Ezechukwunyere Nwebo 40 0257ekp23 Imo State University 01 eng 02 00 The determination of African leaders to pursue the ideal of African integration has a long history that dates to the early period of the development of Pan-Africanism. In other words, the development of Pan-Africanism is intertwined with the determination of African peoples to address the challenges of unity, peace, security, and stability on the c 03 00 The determination of African leaders to pursue the ideal of African integration has a long history that dates to the early period of the development of Pan-Africanism. In other words, the development of Pan-Africanism is intertwined with the determination of African peoples to address the challenges of unity, peace, security, and stability on the continent (Nwebo 2020:438). This objective is aptly encapsulated in the vision of the African Union (AU), which is to build “an integrated, prosperous and peaceful Africa, driven by its citizens and representing a dynamic force in the global arena”.1 The vision crystalised in the institutionalisation of the ideals of Pan-Africanism manifested in the formation of the Organisation of African Unity (OAU) in 1963 and its eventual transformation to the AU, with its integration agenda as a necessary adjunct of Africa’s socio-economic and political development. 30 00 The determination of African leaders to pursue the ideal of African integration has a long history that dates to the early period of the development of Pan-Africanism. In other words, the development of Pan-Africanism is intertwined with the determination of African peoples to address the challenges of unity, peace, security, and stability on the continent (Nwebo 2020:438). This objective is aptly encapsulated in the vision of the African Union (AU), which is to build “an integrated, prosperous and peaceful Africa, driven by its citizens and representing a dynamic force in the global arena”.1 The vision crystalised in the institutionalisation of the ideals of Pan-Africanism manifested in the formation of the Organisation of African Unity (OAU) in 1963 and its eventual transformation to the AU, with its integration agenda as a necessary adjunct of Africa’s socio-economic and political development. 20 00 Open Access Osy Ezechukwunyere Nwebo 9 03 06 10.36615/9780906785713-06 141 159 19 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 African Union and the Leadership Conundrum 1 A01 21 0000-0002-4962-4354 Kayode Eesuola Kayode Eesuola 40 05rk03822 University of Lagos 01 eng 02 00 This chapter attempts a discourse of the African Union (AU) within the context of leadership on the African continent. Doing it essentially requires a delve into history, especially on the evolution of the union and its current trajectory. 03 00 This chapter attempts a discourse of the African Union (AU) within the context of leadership on the African continent. Doing it essentially requires a delve into history, especially on the evolution of the union and its current trajectory. Indeed, “history helps us understand and grapple with complex questions and dilemmas by examining how the past has shaped (and continues to shape) global, national, and local relationships between societies and people. Historians use a wide range of sources to weave individual lives and collective actions into narratives that bring critical perspectives on both our past and our present” (Department of History 2023). The subsequent section interrogates the complex questions and dilemmas of leadership, otherwise termed the “leadership conundrum” in Africa. 30 00 This chapter attempts a discourse of the African Union (AU) within the context of leadership on the African continent. Doing it essentially requires a delve into history, especially on the evolution of the union and its current trajectory. Indeed, “history helps us understand and grapple with complex questions and dilemmas by examining how the past has shaped (and continues to shape) global, national, and local relationships between societies and people. Historians use a wide range of sources to weave individual lives and collective actions into narratives that bring critical perspectives on both our past and our present” (Department of History 2023). The subsequent section interrogates the complex questions and dilemmas of leadership, otherwise termed the “leadership conundrum” in Africa. 20 00 Open Access Kayode Eesuola 10 03 06 10.36615/9780906785713-07 161 186 26 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Africa Continental Free Trade Agreement – AfCFTA: Prospects and Impediments 1 A01 21 0000-0002-6307-5427 Seife K Tadelle Seife Tadelle 01 eng 02 00 The African Union’s (AU) efforts to promote intra-African Trade have reached a zenith with the ratification of the African Continental Free Trade Agreement (AfCFTA) by 24 countries in May 2019. AfCFTA aims at increasing Africa’s economic growth and industrial competitiveness. As a part of the larger Pan-African vision, the initiative is a part of t 03 00 The African Union’s (AU) efforts to promote intra-African Trade have reached a zenith with the ratification of the African Continental Free Trade Agreement (AfCFTA) by 24 countries in May 2019. AfCFTA aims at increasing Africa’s economic growth and industrial competitiveness. As a part of the larger Pan-African vision, the initiative is a part of the commitment to building economic and political unity and enhancing the attainment of Agenda 2063. According to Geda and Yimer (2019), the AfCFTA agreement aims to provide better opportunities to gain economies of scale and efficiency through greater competition and specialisation. As anticipated, it offers a more attractive domestic market for international and local investment. In addition, an increase in intra-regional commerce would boost economic expansion and help pull people out of poverty. 30 00 The African Union’s (AU) efforts to promote intra-African Trade have reached a zenith with the ratification of the African Continental Free Trade Agreement (AfCFTA) by 24 countries in May 2019. AfCFTA aims at increasing Africa’s economic growth and industrial competitiveness. As a part of the larger Pan-African vision, the initiative is a part of the commitment to building economic and political unity and enhancing the attainment of Agenda 2063. According to Geda and Yimer (2019), the AfCFTA agreement aims to provide better opportunities to gain economies of scale and efficiency through greater competition and specialisation. As anticipated, it offers a more attractive domestic market for international and local investment. In addition, an increase in intra-regional commerce would boost economic expansion and help pull people out of poverty. 20 00 Open Access Seife K Tadelle 11 03 06 10.36615/9780906785713-08 187 208 22 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Rebuilding African Economy in a Globalised World: The African Continental Free Trade Agreement (AfCFTA) and the Question of Intra‑African Trade 1 A01 21 0000-0003-2618-1199 Lemuel Odeh Lemuel Odeh 40 032kdwk38 University of Ilorin 2 A01 21 0000-0002-2817-9765 Olawale Yemisi Olawale Yemisi 40 03wx2rr30 University of Ibadan 01 eng 02 00 In postcolonial Africa, the growth and development of the economy have been long-standing issues. Over the years, the African continent has been disadvantageously positioned in the global economy, despite its abundant human and natural resources, as well as its contribution to the mainstream global economy. 03 00 In postcolonial Africa, the growth and development of the economy have been long-standing issues. Over the years, the African continent has been disadvantageously positioned in the global economy, despite its abundant human and natural resources, as well as its contribution to the mainstream global economy. Africa holds a significant share of the world’s resources, with approximately 30% of global mineral reserves, 12% of oil reserves, and 8% of natural gas reserves situated on the continent (Mohseni-Cheraghlou 2023). Mainstream literature, theories, and African-centred analysis on institutional performance have primarily considered Africa a disadvantaged continent and at the receiving end of an institutional framework structured to reward the United States (US)-dominated brand of capitalism, while also benefiting other industrial states and international financial institutions (IFIs), governed by the free market system. 30 00 In postcolonial Africa, the growth and development of the economy have been long-standing issues. Over the years, the African continent has been disadvantageously positioned in the global economy, despite its abundant human and natural resources, as well as its contribution to the mainstream global economy. Africa holds a significant share of the world’s resources, with approximately 30% of global mineral reserves, 12% of oil reserves, and 8% of natural gas reserves situated on the continent (Mohseni-Cheraghlou 2023). Mainstream literature, theories, and African-centred analysis on institutional performance have primarily considered Africa a disadvantaged continent and at the receiving end of an institutional framework structured to reward the United States (US)-dominated brand of capitalism, while also benefiting other industrial states and international financial institutions (IFIs), governed by the free market system. 20 00 Open Access Lemuel Odeh, Olawale Yemisi 12 03 06 10.36615/9780906785713-09 211 233 23 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 The Question of The Decade: Is it Feasible for CARICOM to Co‑ordinate its Foreign Policy towards Africa? 1 A01 21 0000-0003-3043-0362 Kai-Ann D Skeete Kai-Ann D Skeete 40 05p4f7w60 University of the West Indies 01 eng 02 00 Once dubbed a paradox by Anthony Payne due to the unique arrangement of a community of sovereign states, the Caribbean Community and Common Market (CARICOM) is guided by Article 6 of the Revised Treaty of Chaguaramas, which mandates the regional body to enhance the co-ordination of member states’ foreign policies. However, even with a Council for F 03 00 Once dubbed a paradox by Anthony Payne due to the unique arrangement of a community of sovereign states, the Caribbean Community and Common Market (CARICOM) is guided by Article 6 of the Revised Treaty of Chaguaramas, which mandates the regional body to enhance the co-ordination of member states’ foreign policies. However, even with a Council for Foreign and Community Relations (COFCOR) and a Prime Ministerial Sub-committee on External Relations, CARICOM has failed to achieve one of its integral pillars – the co-ordination of member states’ foreign policy. This has resulted in numerous insurmountable tensions, as countries have strayed from CARICOM’s scrutiny and delved into bilateral or plurilateral arrangements. 30 00 Once dubbed a paradox by Anthony Payne due to the unique arrangement of a community of sovereign states, the Caribbean Community and Common Market (CARICOM) is guided by Article 6 of the Revised Treaty of Chaguaramas, which mandates the regional body to enhance the co-ordination of member states’ foreign policies. However, even with a Council for Foreign and Community Relations (COFCOR) and a Prime Ministerial Sub-committee on External Relations, CARICOM has failed to achieve one of its integral pillars – the co-ordination of member states’ foreign policy. This has resulted in numerous insurmountable tensions, as countries have strayed from CARICOM’s scrutiny and delved into bilateral or plurilateral arrangements. 20 00 Open Access Kai-Ann D Skeete 13 03 06 10.36615/9780906785713-10 235 259 25 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 The African Union and the United States: The Pursuit of a Strategic Partnership 1 A01 21 0000-0002-4661-2040 Tshepo Gwatiwa Tshepo Gwatiwa 40 01sf06y89 Macquarie University 01 eng 02 00 The African Union (AU) has been one of the key organisations and most important actors in the interstices of collective diplomacy, multilateralism, and inter-regionalism for the past 20 years. From a regionalist perspective, Africa’s future largely depends on the effectiveness of the African Union Commission (AUC), because it negotiates and impleme 03 00 The African Union (AU) has been one of the key organisations and most important actors in the interstices of collective diplomacy, multilateralism, and inter-regionalism for the past 20 years. From a regionalist perspective, Africa’s future largely depends on the effectiveness of the African Union Commission (AUC), because it negotiates and implements international agreements on various issues, especially on security and development. These two are very important, given the view that security and/or political stability are a prerequisite for African development and prosperity. It is imperative to highlight that the AU is a relatively nascent organisation, representing the world’s most fledgling nation states, in terms of statemaking and nationbuilding1. Hence, Africa faces two challenges. The first is how to catch up with the rest of the world, in terms of security and development. 30 00 The African Union (AU) has been one of the key organisations and most important actors in the interstices of collective diplomacy, multilateralism, and inter-regionalism for the past 20 years. From a regionalist perspective, Africa’s future largely depends on the effectiveness of the African Union Commission (AUC), because it negotiates and implements international agreements on various issues, especially on security and development. These two are very important, given the view that security and/or political stability are a prerequisite for African development and prosperity. It is imperative to highlight that the AU is a relatively nascent organisation, representing the world’s most fledgling nation states, in terms of statemaking and nationbuilding1. Hence, Africa faces two challenges. The first is how to catch up with the rest of the world, in terms of security and development. 20 00 Open Access Tshepo Gwatiwa 14 03 06 10.36615/9780906785713-11 261 292 32 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 United Nations-African Union Relations: Towards Sustainable Peace and Economic Development and the Attainment of Agenda 2063 1 A01 21 0000-0001-9040-9501 Dawn Isabel Nagar Dawn Isabel Nagar 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 01 eng 02 00 This chapter provides a constructive discussion of the actors and factors relevant to the African Union (AU)’s relations with the United Nations (UN) and their respective institutions. The chapter further provides a critical assessment concerning the rules of engagement between these two international organisations over 20 years since the establish 03 00 This chapter provides a constructive discussion of the actors and factors relevant to the African Union (AU)’s relations with the United Nations (UN) and their respective institutions. The chapter further provides a critical assessment concerning the rules of engagement between these two international organisations over 20 years since the establishment of the AU in 2002. The major discussion adopts a political economy, human security, and developmental-led approach situated in fundamental international relations theories, critique, and debates to assess how the relations between these two organisations have fared, see where the gaps are, and identify key recommendations toward building solid relations. Addressing the AU and its relations with the UN’s peace and security architecture to achieve the AU’s Agenda 2063, therefore cannot be discussed in the absence of geopolitical economics. 30 00 This chapter provides a constructive discussion of the actors and factors relevant to the African Union (AU)’s relations with the United Nations (UN) and their respective institutions. The chapter further provides a critical assessment concerning the rules of engagement between these two international organisations over 20 years since the establishment of the AU in 2002. The major discussion adopts a political economy, human security, and developmental-led approach situated in fundamental international relations theories, critique, and debates to assess how the relations between these two organisations have fared, see where the gaps are, and identify key recommendations toward building solid relations. Addressing the AU and its relations with the UN’s peace and security architecture to achieve the AU’s Agenda 2063, therefore cannot be discussed in the absence of geopolitical economics. 20 00 Open Access Dawn Isabel Nagar 15 03 06 10.36615/9780906785713-12 295 316 22 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Intra-African Migration and the Prospects for Regional Integration 1 B01 21 0000-0003-4185-593X Khabele Matlosa Khabele Matlosa 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 01 eng 02 00 The African Union (AU) has a four-pronged agenda for continental unity and integration: peace and security, democracy and governance, socio-economic development, and repositioning Africa in the global arena. 03 00 The African Union (AU) has a four-pronged agenda for continental unity and integration: peace and security, democracy and governance, socio-economic development, and repositioning Africa in the global arena. A major theme that cuts across the four agendas is migration (i.e. human movement). It needs to be emphasised that migration has been part and parcel of human life from time immemorial (Cohen 2019). It cannot be wished away. It is here to stay. 30 00 The African Union (AU) has a four-pronged agenda for continental unity and integration: peace and security, democracy and governance, socio-economic development, and repositioning Africa in the global arena. A major theme that cuts across the four agendas is migration (i.e. human movement). It needs to be emphasised that migration has been part and parcel of human life from time immemorial (Cohen 2019). It cannot be wished away. It is here to stay. 20 00 Open Access Khabele Matlosa 16 03 06 10.36615/9780906785713-13 317 349 33 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Africa-EU Migration: Between a Rock and a Hard Place? 1 B01 21 0000-0002-5701-0475 Adeoye Akinola Adeoye Akinola 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 01 eng 02 00 Migration is as old as human history. Africa-Europe migration is intricately woven with the timeless thread of contention, asymmetrical relations, and unresolved questions. Dating back to the pre-colonial and colonial dispensations, the movement of people across the two regions occupies a decisive space in Africa-Europe relations. 03 00 Migration is as old as human history. Africa-Europe migration is intricately woven with the timeless thread of contention, asymmetrical relations, and unresolved questions. Dating back to the pre-colonial and colonial dispensations, the movement of people across the two regions occupies a decisive space in Africa-Europe relations. Its historical resonance not only evokes the enduring ties that have bound these regions, but also illuminates the contemporary picture, wherein shared challenges and opportunities assume paramount significance. Migration in contemporary Africa-Europe relations emerges not merely as a vestige of the past, but as a potent catalyst propelling the current and future trajectory of collaboration between Africa and Europe. 30 00 Migration is as old as human history. Africa-Europe migration is intricately woven with the timeless thread of contention, asymmetrical relations, and unresolved questions. Dating back to the pre-colonial and colonial dispensations, the movement of people across the two regions occupies a decisive space in Africa-Europe relations. Its historical resonance not only evokes the enduring ties that have bound these regions, but also illuminates the contemporary picture, wherein shared challenges and opportunities assume paramount significance. Migration in contemporary Africa-Europe relations emerges not merely as a vestige of the past, but as a potent catalyst propelling the current and future trajectory of collaboration between Africa and Europe. 20 00 Open Access Adeoye O Akinola 17 03 06 10.36615/9780906785713-14 351 377 27 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 The ‘Unholy Trinity Powers’ in the Malawi-Tanzania Border Dispute: The Shaping of Postcolonial Relations in Southern Africa 1 A01 21 0000-0002-9673-3924 James Zotto James Zotto 40 0479aed98 University of Dar es Salaam 01 eng 02 00 After the independence of Malawi and Tanzania in the early 1960s, their relations soured, especially at the state level, following the countries’ laying of claim to Lake Nyasa. Whereas Malawi claimed that its sovereign territory with Tanzania is on the shore of Lake Nyasa in Tanzania (I call it the Eastern shoreline), Tanzania tenaciously recognise 03 00 After the independence of Malawi and Tanzania in the early 1960s, their relations soured, especially at the state level, following the countries’ laying of claim to Lake Nyasa. Whereas Malawi claimed that its sovereign territory with Tanzania is on the shore of Lake Nyasa in Tanzania (I call it the Eastern shoreline), Tanzania tenaciously recognised a boundary in the middle of Lake Nyasa (I call it the Middle line). Thorny relations between Tanzania and Malawi are attributed to both colonial and postcolonial forces. The influence of the colonial powers on the Malawi-Tanzania border dispute is highlighted by inconsistencies contained in colonial cartography, contradictions in the application of the mandate system in Tanganyika, and the ambiguities in the interpretation of the Anglo-German Agreement of 1 July 1890, which established the boundary between Nyasaland and German East Africa. 30 00 After the independence of Malawi and Tanzania in the early 1960s, their relations soured, especially at the state level, following the countries’ laying of claim to Lake Nyasa. Whereas Malawi claimed that its sovereign territory with Tanzania is on the shore of Lake Nyasa in Tanzania (I call it the Eastern shoreline), Tanzania tenaciously recognised a boundary in the middle of Lake Nyasa (I call it the Middle line). Thorny relations between Tanzania and Malawi are attributed to both colonial and postcolonial forces. The influence of the colonial powers on the Malawi-Tanzania border dispute is highlighted by inconsistencies contained in colonial cartography, contradictions in the application of the mandate system in Tanganyika, and the ambiguities in the interpretation of the Anglo-German Agreement of 1 July 1890, which established the boundary between Nyasaland and German East Africa. 20 00 Open Access James Zotto 18 03 06 10.36615/9780906785713-15 381 400 20 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 The Quest for Peace in Africa: Convergence and Fragmentation within the African Peace and Security Architecture (APSA) 1 A01 21 0000-0002-2457-6624 Ndubuisi Christian Ani Ndubuisi Christian Ani 40 00m3wrz48 United States Institute of Peace 01 eng 02 00 Over the past three years, the African continent has been faced with a coup crisis driven by a renewed citizen demand for democratic dividends. Many of the coups in West Africa – specifically in Niger, Mali and Burkina Faso – are driven by widespread discontent over state ineptitude in the face of rising violent extremism, farmer-herder conflict, s 03 00 Over the past three years, the African continent has been faced with a coup crisis driven by a renewed citizen demand for democratic dividends. Many of the coups in West Africa – specifically in Niger, Mali and Burkina Faso – are driven by widespread discontent over state ineptitude in the face of rising violent extremism, farmer-herder conflict, secessionist agitations, the COVID-19 pandemic, and environmental disasters that have claimed lives and displaced many. The political and security landscape is complicated by a rise in global power competition leading to the involvement of new security partners such as the Wagner mercenaries, while European partners have been forced to draw down or withdraw their forces in certain regions such as the Sahel. The evolving security situation calls into question the proactiveness and efficacy of the African security alliance in the framework of the African Peace and Security Architecture (APSA). 30 00 Over the past three years, the African continent has been faced with a coup crisis driven by a renewed citizen demand for democratic dividends. Many of the coups in West Africa – specifically in Niger, Mali and Burkina Faso – are driven by widespread discontent over state ineptitude in the face of rising violent extremism, farmer-herder conflict, secessionist agitations, the COVID-19 pandemic, and environmental disasters that have claimed lives and displaced many. The political and security landscape is complicated by a rise in global power competition leading to the involvement of new security partners such as the Wagner mercenaries, while European partners have been forced to draw down or withdraw their forces in certain regions such as the Sahel. The evolving security situation calls into question the proactiveness and efficacy of the African security alliance in the framework of the African Peace and Security Architecture (APSA). 20 00 Open Access Ndubuisi Christian Ani 19 03 06 10.36615/9780906785713-16 401 419 19 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Interrogating the AU’s Silencing the Guns in Africa 1 A01 21 0000-0003-2791-6564 Tim K Murithi Tim K Murithi 40 01zsz0b12 Institute for Justice and Reconciliation 01 eng 02 00 The African Union (AU) is embarking on its second decade, and it is apt to assess the challenges that it has confronted in terms of efforts to promote peace, security, governance, and the improvement of the livelihood of its constituent peoples. According to the Armed Conflict Location and Event Data Project (ACLED), the African continent is afflic 03 00 The African Union (AU) is embarking on its second decade, and it is apt to assess the challenges that it has confronted in terms of efforts to promote peace, security, governance, and the improvement of the livelihood of its constituent peoples. According to the Armed Conflict Location and Event Data Project (ACLED), the African continent is afflicted by 35 conflicts, of variable intensity, which has led to the displacement of more than 40 million persons across the continent (ACLED 2023). The AU’s Agenda 2063 identifies one of its objectives as the pursuit of “an integrated, prosperous, and peaceful Africa, driven by its citizens and representing a dynamic force in the international arena” (AU 2015). 30 00 The African Union (AU) is embarking on its second decade, and it is apt to assess the challenges that it has confronted in terms of efforts to promote peace, security, governance, and the improvement of the livelihood of its constituent peoples. According to the Armed Conflict Location and Event Data Project (ACLED), the African continent is afflicted by 35 conflicts, of variable intensity, which has led to the displacement of more than 40 million persons across the continent (ACLED 2023). The AU’s Agenda 2063 identifies one of its objectives as the pursuit of “an integrated, prosperous, and peaceful Africa, driven by its citizens and representing a dynamic force in the international arena” (AU 2015). 20 00 Open Access Tim K Murithi 20 03 06 10.36615/9780906785713-17 421 446 26 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Silencing the Guns in Africa from an Algerian Perspective 1 A01 21 0000-0001-9064-3461 Laeed Zaghlami Laeed Zaghlami 40 01pynjp12 University of Algiers 3 2 A01 21 0009-0007-4747-8836 Belkacem Iratni Belkacem Iratni 40 01pynjp12 University of Algiers 3 01 eng 02 00 The report presented at the opening session of the annual African Union (AU) summit held in Addis Ababa in February 2020 under the theme ‘Silencing the Guns: Creating Conducive Conditions for Africa’s Development’ painstakingly admitted “the failure of the engagement taken in 2013 to put an end to all the wars in Africa by 2020” (Algérie-eco 2020). 03 00 The report presented at the opening session of the annual African Union (AU) summit held in Addis Ababa in February 2020 under the theme ‘Silencing the Guns: Creating Conducive Conditions for Africa’s Development’ painstakingly admitted “the failure of the engagement taken in 2013 to put an end to all the wars in Africa by 2020” (Algérie-eco 2020). The AU extended this initiative until 2030 during the 14th extraordinary session of its assembly on Silencing the Guns held in December 2020 in Johannesburg, South Africa because of the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, the failure to consolidate peace, prevent violent extremism, foster democracy, and boost economic progress, has greatly hampered some gains in achieving peace and security in Africa. 30 00 The report presented at the opening session of the annual African Union (AU) summit held in Addis Ababa in February 2020 under the theme ‘Silencing the Guns: Creating Conducive Conditions for Africa’s Development’ painstakingly admitted “the failure of the engagement taken in 2013 to put an end to all the wars in Africa by 2020” (Algérie-eco 2020). The AU extended this initiative until 2030 during the 14th extraordinary session of its assembly on Silencing the Guns held in December 2020 in Johannesburg, South Africa because of the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, the failure to consolidate peace, prevent violent extremism, foster democracy, and boost economic progress, has greatly hampered some gains in achieving peace and security in Africa. 20 00 Open Access Laeed Zaghlami, Belkacem Iratni 21 03 06 10.36615/9780906785713-18 447 466 20 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Prioritising Human Security by the African Union at the Emergence of the New Global Hegemony 1 A01 21 0000-0002-0565-7832 Tazoacha Francis Tazoacha Francis 01 eng 02 00 Human security concerns are primordial in addressing the peace and security challenges that the African continent is facing today. Human security encompasses, firstly, the protection of individuals as a strategic concern for national as well as international security; secondly, it spells out that the security conditions for people’s development are 03 00 Human security concerns are primordial in addressing the peace and security challenges that the African continent is facing today. Human security encompasses, firstly, the protection of individuals as a strategic concern for national as well as international security; secondly, it spells out that the security conditions for people’s development are not bound to traditional matters of national defence, law, and order, but rather encompass all political, economic, and social issues enabling a life free from risk and fear. The world is characterised by insecurity and full of threats on many fronts. Natural disasters, tenacious poverty, violent conflicts, protracted crises, epidemics, and economic recessions inflict adversities and undercut prospects for peace, stability, and sustainable development (UN 2018). Such crises are intricate, necessitating numerous forms of human insecurity. 30 00 Human security concerns are primordial in addressing the peace and security challenges that the African continent is facing today. Human security encompasses, firstly, the protection of individuals as a strategic concern for national as well as international security; secondly, it spells out that the security conditions for people’s development are not bound to traditional matters of national defence, law, and order, but rather encompass all political, economic, and social issues enabling a life free from risk and fear. The world is characterised by insecurity and full of threats on many fronts. Natural disasters, tenacious poverty, violent conflicts, protracted crises, epidemics, and economic recessions inflict adversities and undercut prospects for peace, stability, and sustainable development (UN 2018). Such crises are intricate, necessitating numerous forms of human insecurity. 20 00 Open Access Tazoacha Francis 22 03 06 10.36615/9780906785713-19 469 491 23 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 The Role of the African Union in Elections 1 A01 Samuel Mondays Atuobi Samuel Mondays Atuobi 40 01jg4aw19 African Union Commission 01 eng 02 00 In 2002, a new organisation, the African Union (AU), replaced the Organisation of African Union (OAU). One of the objectives of the OAU was to “promote democratic principles and institutions, popular participation and good governance” (AU 2000:5). 03 00 In 2002, a new organisation, the African Union (AU), replaced the Organisation of African Union (OAU). One of the objectives of the OAU was to “promote democratic principles and institutions, popular participation and good governance” (AU 2000:5). This objective was based on the principles of “respect for democratic principles, human rights, the rule of law and good governance” (AU 2000:7) The objective and principles stated here as captured in the Constitutive Act of the organisation reveal its commitment to democratic principles which include regular, free, and fair elections. Before the AU was launched in 2002, the member states of the OAU had taken giant steps towards holding multiparty elections. For instance, from 1990 to 2001, about 175 presidential and parliamentary elections were held (see table below). Although most of its member states were already holding regular multiparty elections, there were fears that unconstitutional changes of governments would derail their efforts. In 2000, the OAU had to adopt the Lome Declaration on Combatting Unconstitutional Changes of Government (UCG) to guide against backtracking from the democratic path. Consequently, the new continental organisation had to carve a niche in terms of its role in promoting democratic elections. 30 00 In 2002, a new organisation, the African Union (AU), replaced the Organisation of African Union (OAU). One of the objectives of the OAU was to “promote democratic principles and institutions, popular participation and good governance” (AU 2000:5). This objective was based on the principles of “respect for democratic principles, human rights, the rule of law and good governance” (AU 2000:7) The objective and principles stated here as captured in the Constitutive Act of the organisation reveal its commitment to democratic principles which include regular, free, and fair elections. Before the AU was launched in 2002, the member states of the OAU had taken giant steps towards holding multiparty elections. For instance, from 1990 to 2001, about 175 presidential and parliamentary elections were held (see table below). Although most of its member states were already holding regular multiparty elections, there were fears that unconstitutional changes of governments would derail their efforts. In 2000, the OAU had to adopt the Lome Declaration on Combatting Unconstitutional Changes of Government (UCG) to guide against backtracking from the democratic path. Consequently, the new continental organisation had to carve a niche in terms of its role in promoting democratic elections. 20 00 Open Access Samuel Mondays Atuobi 23 03 06 10.36615/9780906785713-20 493 512 20 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Democracy, Governance, and Peacebuilding in Africa: Technology, Cybercitizens and Kenya’s Post-2022 Election Jitters 1 A01 21 0000-0002-0044-3296 Fredrick Ogenga Fredrick Ogenga 40 019z2v446 Rongo University 01 eng 02 00 There have been genuine concerns in public debates regarding the questions of democratic transition, democratic installations, and democratic consolidation in Africa, with varied responses. Of course, it appears that there are two dichotomies, driven by specific epistemic positions regarding ways of being African and attendant democracy in Africa o 03 00 There have been genuine concerns in public debates regarding the questions of democratic transition, democratic installations, and democratic consolidation in Africa, with varied responses. Of course, it appears that there are two dichotomies, driven by specific epistemic positions regarding ways of being African and attendant democracy in Africa or African democracy (Bah 2020; Ajulu 2022; Chitanga 2023; Ogenga 2021; Bah &amp; Ogenga 2020; Maweu &amp; Mare 2021). On the one hand, views that champion Pan-African positions in this debate are not in short supply. On the other, some align with the Western narratives that are still influenced by coloniality that seek to see democracy ‘flourish’ in Africa the Western way (Kobuthi 2023.) The latter view has taken centre stage by celebrating liberal democracy. This can always be fingered for the problematic trajectory that democracy in Africa has assumed in the recent past. Nyere (2022) and Chitanga (2023), for example, demonstrate how democratic institutionalisms thrive on institutions that project coloniality of power par excellence, influencing the universal epistemic frames of global power configurations with those on the receiving end being 30 00 There have been genuine concerns in public debates regarding the questions of democratic transition, democratic installations, and democratic consolidation in Africa, with varied responses. Of course, it appears that there are two dichotomies, driven by specific epistemic positions regarding ways of being African and attendant democracy in Africa or African democracy (Bah 2020; Ajulu 2022; Chitanga 2023; Ogenga 2021; Bah &amp; Ogenga 2020; Maweu &amp; Mare 2021). On the one hand, views that champion Pan-African positions in this debate are not in short supply. On the other, some align with the Western narratives that are still influenced by coloniality that seek to see democracy ‘flourish’ in Africa the Western way (Kobuthi 2023.) The latter view has taken centre stage by celebrating liberal democracy. This can always be fingered for the problematic trajectory that democracy in Africa has assumed in the recent past. Nyere (2022) and Chitanga (2023), for example, demonstrate how democratic institutionalisms thrive on institutions that project coloniality of power par excellence, influencing the universal epistemic frames of global power configurations with those on the receiving end being 20 00 Open Access Fredrick Ogenga 24 03 06 10.36615/9780906785713-21 513 545 33 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Chapter 01 01 Election-related Violence in Africa A Reflection of the African Union’s Response 1 A01 21 0000-0002-4918-415X Ratidzo C Makombe Ratidzo C Makombe 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 01 eng 02 00 Postcolonial Africa has struggled in operationalising liberal democracy, marked by recurring incidents of electoral violence leading to significant loss of lives and destruction of property throughout the continent. This has imposed a responsibility on continental and regional actors, such as the African Union (AU) to intervene. Thus, the AU has ma 03 00 Postcolonial Africa has struggled in operationalising liberal democracy, marked by recurring incidents of electoral violence leading to significant loss of lives and destruction of property throughout the continent. This has imposed a responsibility on continental and regional actors, such as the African Union (AU) to intervene. Thus, the AU has made significant strides in creating several frameworks that foster peace and security on the continent. For instance, the African Charter on Democracy, Elections and Governance (ACDEG), which was proposed in 2007 and enacted in 2012, has been instrumental in the governance and conduct of African elections. Most countries have adopted electoral democracy, with elections held cyclically every four to five years. Despite these initiatives, African elections are marred with election-related violence (ERV) ranging from protests to civilian deaths. 30 00 Postcolonial Africa has struggled in operationalising liberal democracy, marked by recurring incidents of electoral violence leading to significant loss of lives and destruction of property throughout the continent. This has imposed a responsibility on continental and regional actors, such as the African Union (AU) to intervene. Thus, the AU has made significant strides in creating several frameworks that foster peace and security on the continent. For instance, the African Charter on Democracy, Elections and Governance (ACDEG), which was proposed in 2007 and enacted in 2012, has been instrumental in the governance and conduct of African elections. Most countries have adopted electoral democracy, with elections held cyclically every four to five years. Despite these initiatives, African elections are marred with election-related violence (ERV) ranging from protests to civilian deaths. 20 00 Open Access Ratidzo C Makombe 25 03 06 10.36615/9780906785713-22 547 570 24 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Governance, Contested Legitimacy, and the Resurgence of Military Coups in Africa: The Role of the African Union 1 A01 21 0000-0002-3775-1620 Habu Mohammed Habu Mohammed 40 049pzty39 Bayero University Kano 01 eng 02 00 Over the decades, African countries have experienced governance crises and what others have tagged governance deficit. The potential for African countries to draw lessons from their histories of inadequate governance and alter the trajectory of development in both politics and the economy appears to be a subject open to debate. 03 00 Over the decades, African countries have experienced governance crises and what others have tagged governance deficit. The potential for African countries to draw lessons from their histories of inadequate governance and alter the trajectory of development in both politics and the economy appears to be a subject open to debate. Personal rule and personalisation of politics have created a situation whereby democratic institutions are impaired the most at the expense of the collective good. Indeed, there has been an emergence of big personalities who have occupied the political spaces of their societies – legitimately or illegitimately. The narrower the political space, the heavier the toll of misgovernance on the citizens who suffer most of the brunt of leadership failure, caused by a lack of political legitimacy. These tendencies manifest themselves more in the continent’s history of state formation and political processes. 30 00 Over the decades, African countries have experienced governance crises and what others have tagged governance deficit. The potential for African countries to draw lessons from their histories of inadequate governance and alter the trajectory of development in both politics and the economy appears to be a subject open to debate. Personal rule and personalisation of politics have created a situation whereby democratic institutions are impaired the most at the expense of the collective good. Indeed, there has been an emergence of big personalities who have occupied the political spaces of their societies – legitimately or illegitimately. The narrower the political space, the heavier the toll of misgovernance on the citizens who suffer most of the brunt of leadership failure, caused by a lack of political legitimacy. These tendencies manifest themselves more in the continent’s history of state formation and political processes. 20 00 Open Access Habu Mohammed 26 03 06 10.36615/9780906785713-23 573 598 26 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 African Union at 20: Gender Relations in Africa and Agenda 2063 1 A01 21 0000-0003-0086-2121 Dorcas Ettang Dorcas Ettang 40 0303y7a51 Durban University of Technology 01 eng 02 00 Celebrating its 20th year, the African Union (AU) has made significant strides in improving gender relations and addressing gender gaps in its various policies and structures. These efforts are evident in its Gender Parity Project, Gender Policy, Agenda 2063, and Ten-Year Implementation Plan, and continental reports on the implementation of Agenda 03 00 Celebrating its 20th year, the African Union (AU) has made significant strides in improving gender relations and addressing gender gaps in its various policies and structures. These efforts are evident in its Gender Parity Project, Gender Policy, Agenda 2063, and Ten-Year Implementation Plan, and continental reports on the implementation of Agenda 2063. Agenda 2063 comprehensively presents the various dimensions of Africa’s political, socio-economic, and security landscapes and situates gender within it through its various provisions and implementation plans. Aspiration 6 of Agenda 2063 clarifies the position of the AU and its member states on gender equality, with its primary goal of achieving “full gender equality in all spheres of life” by prioritising women’s and girls’ empowerment and preventing discrimination and violence against them (AU 2015a). Its Ten-Year Implementation Plan, published in 2015, notes the transformational goal of reducing violence against women by a third and normalising gender parity by 2023 in all its organs and regional economic communities (RECs). The union’s review of national and RECs’ strategic plans identified gender and women’s development as a priority area (AU 2015b). 30 00 Celebrating its 20th year, the African Union (AU) has made significant strides in improving gender relations and addressing gender gaps in its various policies and structures. These efforts are evident in its Gender Parity Project, Gender Policy, Agenda 2063, and Ten-Year Implementation Plan, and continental reports on the implementation of Agenda 2063. Agenda 2063 comprehensively presents the various dimensions of Africa’s political, socio-economic, and security landscapes and situates gender within it through its various provisions and implementation plans. Aspiration 6 of Agenda 2063 clarifies the position of the AU and its member states on gender equality, with its primary goal of achieving “full gender equality in all spheres of life” by prioritising women’s and girls’ empowerment and preventing discrimination and violence against them (AU 2015a). Its Ten-Year Implementation Plan, published in 2015, notes the transformational goal of reducing violence against women by a third and normalising gender parity by 2023 in all its organs and regional economic communities (RECs). The union’s review of national and RECs’ strategic plans identified gender and women’s development as a priority area (AU 2015b). 20 00 Open Access Dorcas Ettang 27 03 06 10.36615/9780906785713-24 599 637 39 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 African Women Labour Migrants: Assessing the African Union Free Movement of Persons Protocol 1 A01 21 0009-0006-4399-2195 Nompumelelo Ndawonde Nompumelelo Ndawonde 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 01 eng 02 00 In the contemporary world, the trend of women’s migration has grown increasingly prominent. In 2020, the global international migrant stock included approximately 135 million female migrants, accounting for 48.1% of the total, meaning nearly half of the world’s migrants are women and girls (UN DESA 2020). 03 00 In the contemporary world, the trend of women’s migration has grown increasingly prominent. In 2020, the global international migrant stock included approximately 135 million female migrants, accounting for 48.1% of the total, meaning nearly half of the world’s migrants are women and girls (UN DESA 2020). This increasing visibility of women in international migration is often referred to as the feminisation of migration. This term captures the rising prevalence of women who travel independently in global migration patterns (IOM 2021). 30 00 In the contemporary world, the trend of women’s migration has grown increasingly prominent. In 2020, the global international migrant stock included approximately 135 million female migrants, accounting for 48.1% of the total, meaning nearly half of the world’s migrants are women and girls (UN DESA 2020). This increasing visibility of women in international migration is often referred to as the feminisation of migration. This term captures the rising prevalence of women who travel independently in global migration patterns (IOM 2021). 20 00 Open Access Nompumelelo Ndawonde 28 03 06 10.36615/9780906785713-25 639 658 20 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Theorising Women’s Inclusion in Peace Processes Towards the Actualisation of Agenda 2063 1 A01 21 0000-0002-6505-4988 Adeogun Tolulope Adeogun Tolulope 40 0303y7a51 Durban University of Technology 2 A01 21 0000-0003-0086-2121 Dorcas Ettang Dorcas Ettang 40 0303y7a51 Durban University of Technology 3 A01 21 0000-0002-5962-7188 Rabele Litlhare Rabele Litlhare 40 00g0p6g84 University of Pretoria 01 eng 02 00 For centuries, conflict of various shades has taken over nations of the world. As one country is coming out of war, another is on the verge of war. War is divided into two categories: interstate (country(ies) against country(ies)) and intra-state (wars within countries); however, intra-state wars have become popular in recent times. 03 00 For centuries, conflict of various shades has taken over nations of the world. As one country is coming out of war, another is on the verge of war. War is divided into two categories: interstate (country(ies) against country(ies)) and intra-state (wars within countries); however, intra-state wars have become popular in recent times. Expectedly, Africa is not exempt from this destructive and disruptive menace. In recent years, the African continent has witnessed genocide, ethnicism, terrorism, and other forms of unrest and political instability, leading to the loss of millions of lives and property, leaving people homeless, and straining the socio-political and economic fabrics of many African countries. 30 00 For centuries, conflict of various shades has taken over nations of the world. As one country is coming out of war, another is on the verge of war. War is divided into two categories: interstate (country(ies) against country(ies)) and intra-state (wars within countries); however, intra-state wars have become popular in recent times. Expectedly, Africa is not exempt from this destructive and disruptive menace. In recent years, the African continent has witnessed genocide, ethnicism, terrorism, and other forms of unrest and political instability, leading to the loss of millions of lives and property, leaving people homeless, and straining the socio-political and economic fabrics of many African countries. 20 00 Open Access Adeogun Tolulope,Dorcas Ettang, Rabele Litlhare 29 03 06 10.36615/9780906785713-26 659 685 27 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 The African Union at 20: Youth Inclusivity and Agenda 2063 1 A01 Lennon Monyae Lennon Monyae 01 eng 02 00 Africa is endowed with innovative and inventive dynamism that should not be relegated to the margins of statistics. Mo Ibrahim Foundation (2019) findings indicate that Africa is currently experiencing a massive youth bulge, with approximately 60% of Africa’s population less than 25 years old, and this population is expected to grow by more than 180 03 00 Africa is endowed with innovative and inventive dynamism that should not be relegated to the margins of statistics. Mo Ibrahim Foundation (2019) findings indicate that Africa is currently experiencing a massive youth bulge, with approximately 60% of Africa’s population less than 25 years old, and this population is expected to grow by more than 180% by the end of the century. On the other hand, Europe’s youth will shrink by 21% and Asia’s by 28%. Projections by the same study project that by 2100, Africa’s youth population will be equivalent to twice Europe’s entire population. 30 00 Africa is endowed with innovative and inventive dynamism that should not be relegated to the margins of statistics. Mo Ibrahim Foundation (2019) findings indicate that Africa is currently experiencing a massive youth bulge, with approximately 60% of Africa’s population less than 25 years old, and this population is expected to grow by more than 180% by the end of the century. On the other hand, Europe’s youth will shrink by 21% and Asia’s by 28%. Projections by the same study project that by 2100, Africa’s youth population will be equivalent to twice Europe’s entire population. 20 00 Open Access Lennon Monyae 30 03 06 10.36615/9780906785713-27 689 715 27 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 The African Union’s Strategy for Digital Transformation in Africa Maximising Opportunities and Overcoming Challenges 1 A01 21 0000-0001-7151-7080 Odilile Ayodele Odilile Ayodele 40 056206b04 Human Sciences Research Council 01 eng 02 00 Scholars and practitioners of African politics and African Union (AU) studies have been bedevilled by intersecting crises in the 2020s, including faltering democratisation (Fomunyoh 2020; Xolani, Nkosingiphile &amp; Muzi 2022), growing insecurity (Obadare 2023; Siaplay &amp; Werker 2023), and lopsided economic development patterns that originated d 03 00 Scholars and practitioners of African politics and African Union (AU) studies have been bedevilled by intersecting crises in the 2020s, including faltering democratisation (Fomunyoh 2020; Xolani, Nkosingiphile &amp; Muzi 2022), growing insecurity (Obadare 2023; Siaplay &amp; Werker 2023), and lopsided economic development patterns that originated during colonialism and further deepened during the Cold War (Cogneau, Dupraz &amp; Mesplé-Somps 2018; Cramer, Sender &amp; Oqubay 2020). Despite the efforts of national and regional actors to redress the dwindling economic performance of African states and rising insecurity as well as political instability, the failure to sprint towards continental integration has circumvented the ability to effect change, amidst the prospects for digital transformation. 30 00 Scholars and practitioners of African politics and African Union (AU) studies have been bedevilled by intersecting crises in the 2020s, including faltering democratisation (Fomunyoh 2020; Xolani, Nkosingiphile &amp; Muzi 2022), growing insecurity (Obadare 2023; Siaplay &amp; Werker 2023), and lopsided economic development patterns that originated during colonialism and further deepened during the Cold War (Cogneau, Dupraz &amp; Mesplé-Somps 2018; Cramer, Sender &amp; Oqubay 2020). Despite the efforts of national and regional actors to redress the dwindling economic performance of African states and rising insecurity as well as political instability, the failure to sprint towards continental integration has circumvented the ability to effect change, amidst the prospects for digital transformation. 20 00 Open Access Odilile Ayodele 31 03 06 10.36615/9780906785713-28 717 744 Chapter 01 01 Africa and the Curriculum Transformation Project Towards the Epistemic-Independent Africa We Want 1 A01 21 0000-0002-2706-9097 Everisto Benyera Everisto Benyera 40 048cwvf49 University of South Africa 01 eng 03 00 As stakeholders reflect on the African Union (AU)’s 20 years of existence, it must be re-emphasised that decolonisation is not an event, but a set of interlinked and dependent processes. These processes are meant to respond to the mutation of the empire from its founding as a political empire to its adaptive mode as an economic empire and to its current survival mode as an epistemic/cognitive empire. Decolonisation processes must be able to continuously respond to this mutation of colonialism which has given rise to coloniality. One of the ways Africa can respond is through transforming the curriculum, especially the university curriculum, in the quest for epistemic independence in Africa. 30 00 As stakeholders reflect on the African Union (AU)’s 20 years of existence, it must be re-emphasised that decolonisation is not an event, but a set of interlinked and dependent processes. These processes are meant to respond to the mutation of the empire from its founding as a political empire to its adaptive mode as an economic empire and to its current survival mode as an epistemic/cognitive empire. Decolonisation processes must be able to continuously respond to this mutation of colonialism which has given rise to coloniality. One of the ways Africa can respond is through transforming the curriculum, especially the university curriculum, in the quest for epistemic independence in Africa. 32 03 06 10.36615/9780906785713-29 745 778 34 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 African Union at 20: Health Systems Strengthening for Post‑COVID Dispensation 1 A01 21 0000-0003-2674-1520 Njabulo Mbanda Njabulo Mbanda 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 01 eng 02 00 In January 2014, the former chairperson of the African Union (AU) Commission, Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma, presented Agenda 2063: The Africa We Want as a blueprint and master plan for transforming the continent into “The Africa of the Future”. 03 00 In January 2014, the former chairperson of the African Union (AU) Commission, Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma, presented Agenda 2063: The Africa We Want as a blueprint and master plan for transforming the continent into “The Africa of the Future”. As a strategic framework, this agenda is also founded on an approach for inclusive and sustainable development, which represents, “a concrete manifestation of the Pan-African drive for unity, self-determination, freedom, progress, and collective prosperity pursued under Pan-Africanism and African Renaissance”. Through its broad flagship programmes that aim mainly to transform the continent into the global powerhouse of the future, Agenda 2063 also provides clear direction for the continent’s plans for ensuring healthy lives and promoting the wellbeing of all people. Incidentally, this is the exact focus of the United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), which are key to the theme of the chapter, as revealed in the table below. 30 00 In January 2014, the former chairperson of the African Union (AU) Commission, Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma, presented Agenda 2063: The Africa We Want as a blueprint and master plan for transforming the continent into “The Africa of the Future”. As a strategic framework, this agenda is also founded on an approach for inclusive and sustainable development, which represents, “a concrete manifestation of the Pan-African drive for unity, self-determination, freedom, progress, and collective prosperity pursued under Pan-Africanism and African Renaissance”. Through its broad flagship programmes that aim mainly to transform the continent into the global powerhouse of the future, Agenda 2063 also provides clear direction for the continent’s plans for ensuring healthy lives and promoting the wellbeing of all people. Incidentally, this is the exact focus of the United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), which are key to the theme of the chapter, as revealed in the table below. 20 00 Open Access Njabulo Mbanda 33 03 06 10.36615/9780906785713-30 779 803 25 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Africa, Climate Change, and Development Towards A Strategic Balancing Posture 1 A01 Ngono Louis Narcisse Ngono Louis Narcisse 01 eng 02 00 Over the decades, Africa has been at the receiving end of climate change. In the context of the global fight against climate change, Africa must act given its vulnerability and the threats to its development projections. 03 00 Over the decades, Africa has been at the receiving end of climate change. In the context of the global fight against climate change, Africa must act given its vulnerability and the threats to its development projections. Understood within the meaning of the United Nations Framework Convention as mutations attributable directly or indirectly to anthropogenic activities modifying the constitution of the global atmosphere and adding to natural climate variability, climate change is a major challenge for the world. No region is spared, least of all Africa, which is more than ever under the influence of extreme climatic phenomena likely to compromise its development trajectory, although it is anchored in a regional vision of economic emergence (AU 2015). This mutation is linked to an additional greenhouse effect caused by a model of planetary society mainly dependent on fossil fuels (Ngono 2022). This warming thus causes a sudden change in the climate which manifests itself through variations in climatic characteristics by establishing extreme phenomena such as rising sea levels, droughts, floods, cyclones, weakening of forests, threats to freshwater resources, agricultural crises, desertification, reduction of biodiversity, and the spread of tropical diseases. 30 00 Over the decades, Africa has been at the receiving end of climate change. In the context of the global fight against climate change, Africa must act given its vulnerability and the threats to its development projections. Understood within the meaning of the United Nations Framework Convention as mutations attributable directly or indirectly to anthropogenic activities modifying the constitution of the global atmosphere and adding to natural climate variability, climate change is a major challenge for the world. No region is spared, least of all Africa, which is more than ever under the influence of extreme climatic phenomena likely to compromise its development trajectory, although it is anchored in a regional vision of economic emergence (AU 2015). This mutation is linked to an additional greenhouse effect caused by a model of planetary society mainly dependent on fossil fuels (Ngono 2022). This warming thus causes a sudden change in the climate which manifests itself through variations in climatic characteristics by establishing extreme phenomena such as rising sea levels, droughts, floods, cyclones, weakening of forests, threats to freshwater resources, agricultural crises, desertification, reduction of biodiversity, and the spread of tropical diseases. 20 00 Open Access Ngono Louis Narcisse UJ Press 01 URL https://ujpress.uj.ac.za 01 UJ Press 01 Publisher's website: home page https://ujpress.uj.ac.za/ 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/283 Johannesburg 04 01 20250628 Khabele Matlosa, Adeoye O. Akinola; Sven Botha, Ebrima Sall, Siphamandla Zondi, Eddy Maloka, Hesphina Rukato, Horace G Campbell, Osy Ezechukwunyere Nwebo, Kayode Eesuola, Seife K Tadelle, Lemuel Odeh, Olawale Yemisi, Kai-Ann D Skeete, Tshepo Gwatiwa, Dawn Isabel Nagar, James Zotto, Ndubuisi Christian Ani, Tim K Murithi, Laeed Zaghlami, Belkacem Iratni, Tazoacha Francis, Samuel Mondays Atuobi, Fredrick Ogenga, Ratidzo C Makombe, Habu Mohammed, Dorcas Ettang, Nompumelelo Ndawonde, Adeogun Tolulope, Rabele Litlhare, Lennon Monyae, Odilile Ayodele, Everisto Benyera, Njabulo Mbanda, Ngono Louis Narcisse 02 WORLD 06 15 9780906785706 06 15 9780906785713 06 15 9780906785737 WORLD 11 Unknown 36 Unspecified hosting platform: webpage for this product https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/283 29 Unspecified hosting platform: download the title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/view/283/1203/5039 20 08 20250628 01 urn:uuid:98cfa055-01bc-4b26-8904-eb3d71323d6b 03 01 01 thoth-work-id urn:uuid:15fe9d06-6ed8-4309-95a5-9024def08689 01 thoth-publication-id urn:uuid:98cfa055-01bc-4b26-8904-eb3d71323d6b 06 10.36615/9780906785713 00 AN A103 10 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 01 01 African Union and Agenda 2063 The Past, Present and Future 1 B01 21 0000-0002-5701-0475 Adeoye Akinola Adeoye Akinola 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg Dr Adeoye O. Akinola is the Head of Research and Teaching at the Institute for Pan-African Thought and Conversation, University of Johannesburg. &nbsp; 2 B01 21 0000-0003-4185-593X Khabele Matlosa Khabele Matlosa 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 40 056206b04 Human Sciences Research Council 3 A01 21 0000-0002-3957-9086 Sven Botha Sven Botha Sven Botha 40 00g0p6g84 University of Pretoria 4 A01 Ebrima Sall Ebrima Sall 40 01r55tz35 TrustAfrica 5 A01 Siphamandla Zondi Siphamandla Zondi 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 6 A01 Eddy Maloka Eddy Maloka 7 A01 Hesphina Rukato Hesphina Rukato 8 A01 21 0000-0003-2741-6623 Horace G Campbell Horace G Campbell 40 025r5qe02 Syracuse University 9 A01 Osy Ezechukwunyere Nwebo Osy Ezechukwunyere Nwebo 40 0257ekp23 Imo State University 10 A01 21 0000-0002-4962-4354 Kayode Eesuola Kayode Eesuola 40 05rk03822 University of Lagos 12 A01 21 0000-0003-2618-1199 Lemuel Odeh Lemuel Odeh 40 032kdwk38 University of Ilorin 13 A01 21 0000-0002-2817-9765 Olawale Yemisi Olawale Yemisi 40 03wx2rr30 University of Ibadan 14 A01 21 0000-0003-3043-0362 Kai-Ann D Skeete Kai-Ann D Skeete 40 05p4f7w60 University of the West Indies 15 A01 21 0000-0002-4661-2040 Tshepo Gwatiwa Tshepo Gwatiwa 40 01sf06y89 Macquarie University 16 A01 21 0000-0001-9040-9501 Dawn Isabel Nagar Dawn Isabel Nagar 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 17 A01 21 0000-0003-4185-593X Khabele Matlosa Khabele Matlosa 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 40 056206b04 Human Sciences Research Council 18 A01 21 0000-0002-5701-0475 Adeoye Akinola Adeoye Akinola 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 19 A01 21 0000-0002-9673-3924 James Zotto James Zotto 40 0479aed98 University of Dar es Salaam 20 A01 21 0000-0002-2457-6624 Ndubuisi Christian Ani Ndubuisi Christian Ani 40 00m3wrz48 United States Institute of Peace 21 A01 21 0000-0003-2791-6564 Tim K Murithi Tim K Murithi 40 01zsz0b12 Institute for Justice and Reconciliation 22 A01 21 0000-0001-9064-3461 Laeed Zaghlami Laeed Zaghlami 40 01pynjp12 University of Algiers 3 23 A01 21 0009-0007-4747-8836 Belkacem Iratni Belkacem Iratni 40 01pynjp12 University of Algiers 3 24 A01 21 0000-0002-0565-7832 Tazoacha Francis Tazoacha Francis 25 A01 Samuel Mondays Atuobi Samuel Mondays Atuobi 40 01jg4aw19 African Union Commission 26 A01 21 0000-0002-0044-3296 Fredrick Ogenga Fredrick Ogenga 40 019z2v446 Rongo University 27 A01 21 0000-0002-4918-415X Ratidzo C Makombe Ratidzo C Makombe 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 28 A01 21 0000-0002-3775-1620 Habu Mohammed Habu Mohammed 40 049pzty39 Bayero University Kano 29 A01 21 0000-0003-0086-2121 Dorcas Ettang Dorcas Ettang 40 0303y7a51 Durban University of Technology 30 A01 21 0009-0006-4399-2195 Nompumelelo Ndawonde Nompumelelo Ndawonde 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 31 A01 21 0000-0002-6505-4988 Adeogun Tolulope Adeogun Tolulope 40 0303y7a51 Durban University of Technology 32 A01 21 0000-0002-5962-7188 Rabele Litlhare Rabele Litlhare 40 00g0p6g84 University of Pretoria 33 A01 Lennon Monyae Lennon Monyae 34 A01 21 0000-0001-7151-7080 Odilile Ayodele Odilile Ayodele 40 056206b04 Human Sciences Research Council 35 A01 21 0000-0002-2706-9097 Everisto Benyera Everisto Benyera 40 048cwvf49 University of South Africa 36 A01 21 0000-0003-2674-1520 Njabulo Mbanda Njabulo Mbanda 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 37 A01 Ngono Louis Narcisse Ngono Louis Narcisse 01 eng 00 848 03 93 1QFB 93 JPW 20 Pan-Africanism 10 POL053000 20 peace and security 20 Agenda 2063 20 African union 20 Regional integration 20 Democratic Governance 01 06 02 00 Since its official launch on 9 July 2002 in Durban, South Africa, the African Union (AU) has taken on the complex mantle of promoting peace, governance, development, and continental integration—building on the legacy of its predecessor, the Organisation of African Unity (OAU). 03 00 Since its official launch on 9 July 2002 in Durban, South Africa, the African Union (AU) has taken on the complex mantle of promoting peace, governance, development, and continental integration—building on the legacy of its predecessor, the Organisation of African Unity (OAU). While the OAU championed the liberation and unity of African states, the AU expanded this vision under the broader framework of Pan-Africanism, aligning it with modern challenges and aspirations. As the AU marked its 20th anniversary in 2022, there emerged a critical need to evaluate its performance, particularly in relation to Agenda 2063: The Africa We Want—a strategic vision for Africa’s long-term transformation adopted in 2013. Understanding the AU’s trajectory requires reflection on the historical struggles that shaped Pan-Africanism, including colonialism, apartheid, and racial injustice. Key milestones such as the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) reflect progress, but limited advancement in flagship projects like the Free Movement of Persons and “Silencing the Guns” initiative highlights persistent challenges. This book, African Union and Agenda 2063: The Past, Present, and Future, undertakes a critical assessment of the AU’s 20-year record, aiming to reinvigorate Pan-African consciousness and examine the structural and political constraints hindering the Union’s effectiveness in achieving lasting peace, prosperity, and unity across the continent. 30 00 Since its official launch on 9 July 2002 in Durban, South Africa, the African Union (AU) has taken on the complex mantle of promoting peace, governance, development, and continental integration—building on the legacy of its predecessor, the Organisation of African Unity (OAU). While the OAU championed the liberation and unity of African states, the AU expanded this vision under the broader framework of Pan-Africanism, aligning it with modern challenges and aspirations. As the AU marked its 20th anniversary in 2022, there emerged a critical need to evaluate its performance, particularly in relation to Agenda 2063: The Africa We Want—a strategic vision for Africa’s long-term transformation adopted in 2013. Understanding the AU’s trajectory requires reflection on the historical struggles that shaped Pan-Africanism, including colonialism, apartheid, and racial injustice. Key milestones such as the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) reflect progress, but limited advancement in flagship projects like the Free Movement of Persons and “Silencing the Guns” initiative highlights persistent challenges. This book, African Union and Agenda 2063: The Past, Present, and Future, undertakes a critical assessment of the AU’s 20-year record, aiming to reinvigorate Pan-African consciousness and examine the structural and political constraints hindering the Union’s effectiveness in achieving lasting peace, prosperity, and unity across the continent. 04 00 Editorial Foreword Sven Botha Foreword Ebrima Sall Preface Africa: Pathways and Crossroads Siphamandla Zondi African Union and the Agenda 2063 Project Adeoye Akinola, Khabele Matlosa DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9780906785713-01 The Reform of the African Union History and Progress Eddy Maloka DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9780906785713-02 The African Union and the Pan‑African Agenda Hesphina Rukato DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9780906785713-03 Reconstruction and Reparative Justice for Global African Peoples in the 21st Century Horace G Campbell DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9780906785713-04 African Union Integration Agenda and the Challenges of Plurality and Sovereignty Osy Ezechukwunyere Nwebo DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9780906785713-05 African Union and the Leadership Conundrum Kayode Eesuola DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9780906785713-06 Africa Continental Free Trade Agreement – AfCFTA Prospects and Impediments Seife K Tadelle DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9780906785713-07 Rebuilding African Economy in a Globalised World The African Continental Free Trade Agreement (AfCFTA) and the Question of Intra‑African Trade Lemuel Odeh, Olawale Yemisi DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9780906785713-08 The Question of The Decade Is it Feasible for CARICOM to Co‑ordinate its Foreign Policy towards Africa? Kai-Ann D Skeete DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9780906785713-09 The African Union and the United States The Pursuit of a Strategic Partnership Tshepo Gwatiwa DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9780906785713-10 United Nations-African Union Relations Towards Sustainable Peace and Economic Development and the Attainment of Agenda 2063 Dawn Isabel Nagar DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9780906785713-11 Intra-African Migration and the Prospects for Regional Integration Khabele Matlosa DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9780906785713-12 Africa-EU Migration Between a Rock and a Hard Place? Adeoye Akinola DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9780906785713-13 The ‘Unholy Trinity Powers’ in the Malawi-Tanzania Border Dispute The Shaping of Postcolonial Relations in Southern Africa James Zotto DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9780906785713-14 The Quest for Peace in Africa Convergence and Fragmentation within the African Peace and Security Architecture (APSA) Ndubuisi Christian Ani DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9780906785713-15 Interrogating the AU’s Silencing the Guns in Africa Tim K Murithi DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9780906785713-16 Silencing the Guns in Africa from an Algerian Perspective Laeed Zaghlami, Belkacem Iratni DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9780906785713-17 Prioritising Human Security by the African Union at the Emergence of the New Global Hegemony Tazoacha Francis DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9780906785713-18 The Role of the African Union in Elections Samuel Mondays Atuobi DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9780906785713-19 Democracy, Governance, and Peacebuilding in Africa Technology, Cybercitizens and Kenya’s Post-2022 Election Jitters Fredrick Ogenga DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9780906785713-20 Election-related Violence in Africa A Reflection of the African Union’s Response Ratidzo C Makombe DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9780906785713-21 Governance, Contested Legitimacy, and the Resurgence of Military Coups in Africa The Role of the African Union Habu Mohammed DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9780906785713-22 African Union at 20 Gender Relations in Africa and Agenda 2063 Dorcas Ettang DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9780906785713-23 African Women Labour Migrants Assessing the African Union Free Movement of Persons Protocol Nompumelelo Ndawonde DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9780906785713-24 Theorising Women’s Inclusion in Peace Processes Towards the Actualisation of Agenda 2063 Rabele Litlhare DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9780906785713-25 The African Union at 20 Youth Inclusivity and Agenda 2063 Lennon Monyae DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9780906785713-26 The African Union’s Strategy for Digital Transformation in Africa Maximising Opportunities and Overcoming Challenges Odilile Ayodele DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9780906785713-27 Africa and the Curriculum Transformation Project Towards the Epistemic-Independent Africa We Want Everisto Benyera DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9780906785713-28 African Union at 20 Health Systems Strengthening for Post‑COVID Dispensation Njabulo Mbanda DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9780906785713-29 Africa, Climate Change, and Development Towards A Strategic Balancing Posture Ngono Louis Narcisse DOI: https://doi.org/10.36615/9780906785713-30 20 00 Open Access 01 00 03 02 https://books.ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/10.36615/9780906785713_frontcover.jpg 1 03 06 10.36615/9780906785713-00 xiii xiv 2 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Editorial Foreword 1 A01 Sven Botha Sven Botha 40 00g0p6g84 University of Pretoria 01 eng 02 00 The African Union (AU) and its predecessor, the Organisation for African Unity, have undergone many trials and tribulations. 03 00 The African Union (AU) and its predecessor, the Organisation for African Unity, have undergone many trials and tribulations. Pan-Africanist through leader and former South African President (1999-2008), Thabo Mbeki, summed up this journey as follows: 30 00 The African Union (AU) and its predecessor, the Organisation for African Unity, have undergone many trials and tribulations. Pan-Africanist through leader and former South African President (1999-2008), Thabo Mbeki, summed up this journey as follows: 20 00 Open Access Sven Botha 4 03 06 10.36615/9780906785713-01 3 28 26 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 African Union and the Agenda 2063 Project 1 B01 21 0000-0002-5701-0475 Adeoye Akinola Adeoye Akinola 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 2 B01 21 0000-0003-4185-593X Khabele Matlosa Khabele Matlosa 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 40 056206b04 Human Sciences Research Council 01 eng 02 00 On 9 July 2002, South Africa played host to eminent Africans as the African Union (AU) was officially founded and launched in its port city of Durban, amid diplomatic fanfare. The AU emerged as the custodian of continental unity and integration, inheriting the noble mantle from its precursor, the Organisation of Afri 03 00 On 9 July 2002, South Africa played host to eminent Africans as the African Union (AU) was officially founded and launched in its port city of Durban, amid diplomatic fanfare. The AU emerged as the custodian of continental unity and integration, inheriting the noble mantle from its precursor, the Organisation of African Unity (OAU), which had gallantly steered the course since its inception in 1963. Both the OAU and AU stand as formidable bastions of Pan-Africanism and heralds of the African Renaissance, epitomising the fervent pursuit of state-driven continental cohesion and solidarity. 30 00 On 9 July 2002, South Africa played host to eminent Africans as the African Union (AU) was officially founded and launched in its port city of Durban, amid diplomatic fanfare. The AU emerged as the custodian of continental unity and integration, inheriting the noble mantle from its precursor, the Organisation of African Unity (OAU), which had gallantly steered the course since its inception in 1963. Both the OAU and AU stand as formidable bastions of Pan-Africanism and heralds of the African Renaissance, epitomising the fervent pursuit of state-driven continental cohesion and solidarity. 20 00 Open Access Adeoye O Akinola, Khabele Matlosa 5 03 06 10.36615/9780906785713-02 29 44 16 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 The Reform of the African Union: History and Progress 1 A01 Eddy Maloka Eddy Maloka 01 eng 02 00 The imperative of reform within the African Union (AU) has been an ongoing process marked by pivotal transitions to elevate continental governance and prosperity. Originating from the nuanced negotiations of the Organisation of African Unity (OAU) Charter in 1963, the need to address unres 03 00 The imperative of reform within the African Union (AU) has been an ongoing process marked by pivotal transitions to elevate continental governance and prosperity. Originating from the nuanced negotiations of the Organisation of African Unity (OAU) Charter in 1963, the need to address unresolved issues within its framework laid the foundation for subsequent reform agendas. The OAU’s shortcomings in effectively addressing key challenges such as development, governance, peace, security, and Africa’s global positioning underscored the necessity for reformative measures. Engaging African citizens further justified recalibrating the organisation to align with continental aspirations. The evolution of reformative paradigms over successive generations saw visionary leadership emerge during the ‘plans without champions’ era, with figures like Adebayo Adedeji spearheading transformative initiatives such as the Lagos Plan of Action and the Abuja Treaty. However, the slow pace of reform prompted a shift towards a more assertive, action-oriented approach during the era of ‘champions’, led by figures like former South African president Thabo Mbeki, Nigerian president Olusegun Obasanjo, and Libyan president Muammar Gaddafi. 30 00 The imperative of reform within the African Union (AU) has been an ongoing process marked by pivotal transitions to elevate continental governance and prosperity. Originating from the nuanced negotiations of the Organisation of African Unity (OAU) Charter in 1963, the need to address unresolved issues within its framework laid the foundation for subsequent reform agendas. The OAU’s shortcomings in effectively addressing key challenges such as development, governance, peace, security, and Africa’s global positioning underscored the necessity for reformative measures. Engaging African citizens further justified recalibrating the organisation to align with continental aspirations. The evolution of reformative paradigms over successive generations saw visionary leadership emerge during the ‘plans without champions’ era, with figures like Adebayo Adedeji spearheading transformative initiatives such as the Lagos Plan of Action and the Abuja Treaty. However, the slow pace of reform prompted a shift towards a more assertive, action-oriented approach during the era of ‘champions’, led by figures like former South African president Thabo Mbeki, Nigerian president Olusegun Obasanjo, and Libyan president Muammar Gaddafi. 20 00 Open Access Eddy Maloka 6 03 06 10.36615/9780906785713-03 47 74 28 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 The African Union and the Pan‑African Agenda 1 A01 Hesphina Rukato Hesphina Rukato 01 eng 02 00 A comprehensive discussion and analysis of the African Union (AU) and its Pan-African Agenda requires a consideration of Africa’s history, as well as how Africans have and continue to respond to slavery and colonialism. Among the most notable of these responses is the growth of Pan-Africanism globally, as well as struggles for the independence of A 03 00 A comprehensive discussion and analysis of the African Union (AU) and its Pan-African Agenda requires a consideration of Africa’s history, as well as how Africans have and continue to respond to slavery and colonialism. Among the most notable of these responses is the growth of Pan-Africanism globally, as well as struggles for the independence of African countries from colonial domination. Slavery and colonialism carved a master-servant relationship between the colonial powers and the colonised African countries. This asymmetric relation still characterises Africa’s engagement with the rest of the world today, and it has continued to entrench the continent’s political, economic, social, and cultural marginalisation. 30 00 A comprehensive discussion and analysis of the African Union (AU) and its Pan-African Agenda requires a consideration of Africa’s history, as well as how Africans have and continue to respond to slavery and colonialism. Among the most notable of these responses is the growth of Pan-Africanism globally, as well as struggles for the independence of African countries from colonial domination. Slavery and colonialism carved a master-servant relationship between the colonial powers and the colonised African countries. This asymmetric relation still characterises Africa’s engagement with the rest of the world today, and it has continued to entrench the continent’s political, economic, social, and cultural marginalisation. 20 00 Open Access Hesphina Rukato 7 03 06 10.36615/9780906785713-04 75 113 39 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Reconstruction and Reparative Justice for Global African Peoples in the 21st Century 1 A01 21 0000-0003-2741-6623 Horace G Campbell Horace G Campbell 40 025r5qe02 Syracuse University 01 eng 02 00 The vigilant African optimism that was invoked by Cheikh Anta Diop is being deployed in the face of the challenges to humanity accentuated by the crises of global capital. From the period of the Atlantic slave trade, through Jim Crow, the colonial period, and apartheid, the organisational capabilities 03 00 The vigilant African optimism that was invoked by Cheikh Anta Diop is being deployed in the face of the challenges to humanity accentuated by the crises of global capital. From the period of the Atlantic slave trade, through Jim Crow, the colonial period, and apartheid, the organisational capabilities of African peoples for emancipation and the humanisation of the planet Earth had prevented humanity from slipping into total barbarism. The resistance to enslavement, whether in Africa or the Western world, created the basis and momentum that led to the formation of organisations and the birth of the idea of Pan Africanism. 30 00 The vigilant African optimism that was invoked by Cheikh Anta Diop is being deployed in the face of the challenges to humanity accentuated by the crises of global capital. From the period of the Atlantic slave trade, through Jim Crow, the colonial period, and apartheid, the organisational capabilities of African peoples for emancipation and the humanisation of the planet Earth had prevented humanity from slipping into total barbarism. The resistance to enslavement, whether in Africa or the Western world, created the basis and momentum that led to the formation of organisations and the birth of the idea of Pan Africanism. 20 00 Open Access Horace G Campbell 8 03 06 10.36615/9780906785713-05 117 140 24 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 African Union Integration Agenda and the Challenges of Plurality and Sovereignty 1 A01 Osy Ezechukwunyere Nwebo Osy Ezechukwunyere Nwebo 40 0257ekp23 Imo State University 01 eng 02 00 The determination of African leaders to pursue the ideal of African integration has a long history that dates to the early period of the development of Pan-Africanism. In other words, the development of Pan-Africanism is intertwined with the determination of African peoples to address the challenges of unity, peace, security, and stability on the c 03 00 The determination of African leaders to pursue the ideal of African integration has a long history that dates to the early period of the development of Pan-Africanism. In other words, the development of Pan-Africanism is intertwined with the determination of African peoples to address the challenges of unity, peace, security, and stability on the continent (Nwebo 2020:438). This objective is aptly encapsulated in the vision of the African Union (AU), which is to build “an integrated, prosperous and peaceful Africa, driven by its citizens and representing a dynamic force in the global arena”.1 The vision crystalised in the institutionalisation of the ideals of Pan-Africanism manifested in the formation of the Organisation of African Unity (OAU) in 1963 and its eventual transformation to the AU, with its integration agenda as a necessary adjunct of Africa’s socio-economic and political development. 30 00 The determination of African leaders to pursue the ideal of African integration has a long history that dates to the early period of the development of Pan-Africanism. In other words, the development of Pan-Africanism is intertwined with the determination of African peoples to address the challenges of unity, peace, security, and stability on the continent (Nwebo 2020:438). This objective is aptly encapsulated in the vision of the African Union (AU), which is to build “an integrated, prosperous and peaceful Africa, driven by its citizens and representing a dynamic force in the global arena”.1 The vision crystalised in the institutionalisation of the ideals of Pan-Africanism manifested in the formation of the Organisation of African Unity (OAU) in 1963 and its eventual transformation to the AU, with its integration agenda as a necessary adjunct of Africa’s socio-economic and political development. 20 00 Open Access Osy Ezechukwunyere Nwebo 9 03 06 10.36615/9780906785713-06 141 159 19 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 African Union and the Leadership Conundrum 1 A01 21 0000-0002-4962-4354 Kayode Eesuola Kayode Eesuola 40 05rk03822 University of Lagos 01 eng 02 00 This chapter attempts a discourse of the African Union (AU) within the context of leadership on the African continent. Doing it essentially requires a delve into history, especially on the evolution of the union and its current trajectory. 03 00 This chapter attempts a discourse of the African Union (AU) within the context of leadership on the African continent. Doing it essentially requires a delve into history, especially on the evolution of the union and its current trajectory. Indeed, “history helps us understand and grapple with complex questions and dilemmas by examining how the past has shaped (and continues to shape) global, national, and local relationships between societies and people. Historians use a wide range of sources to weave individual lives and collective actions into narratives that bring critical perspectives on both our past and our present” (Department of History 2023). The subsequent section interrogates the complex questions and dilemmas of leadership, otherwise termed the “leadership conundrum” in Africa. 30 00 This chapter attempts a discourse of the African Union (AU) within the context of leadership on the African continent. Doing it essentially requires a delve into history, especially on the evolution of the union and its current trajectory. Indeed, “history helps us understand and grapple with complex questions and dilemmas by examining how the past has shaped (and continues to shape) global, national, and local relationships between societies and people. Historians use a wide range of sources to weave individual lives and collective actions into narratives that bring critical perspectives on both our past and our present” (Department of History 2023). The subsequent section interrogates the complex questions and dilemmas of leadership, otherwise termed the “leadership conundrum” in Africa. 20 00 Open Access Kayode Eesuola 10 03 06 10.36615/9780906785713-07 161 186 26 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Africa Continental Free Trade Agreement – AfCFTA: Prospects and Impediments 1 A01 21 0000-0002-6307-5427 Seife K Tadelle Seife Tadelle 01 eng 02 00 The African Union’s (AU) efforts to promote intra-African Trade have reached a zenith with the ratification of the African Continental Free Trade Agreement (AfCFTA) by 24 countries in May 2019. AfCFTA aims at increasing Africa’s economic growth and industrial competitiveness. As a part of the larger Pan-African vision, the initiative is a part of t 03 00 The African Union’s (AU) efforts to promote intra-African Trade have reached a zenith with the ratification of the African Continental Free Trade Agreement (AfCFTA) by 24 countries in May 2019. AfCFTA aims at increasing Africa’s economic growth and industrial competitiveness. As a part of the larger Pan-African vision, the initiative is a part of the commitment to building economic and political unity and enhancing the attainment of Agenda 2063. According to Geda and Yimer (2019), the AfCFTA agreement aims to provide better opportunities to gain economies of scale and efficiency through greater competition and specialisation. As anticipated, it offers a more attractive domestic market for international and local investment. In addition, an increase in intra-regional commerce would boost economic expansion and help pull people out of poverty. 30 00 The African Union’s (AU) efforts to promote intra-African Trade have reached a zenith with the ratification of the African Continental Free Trade Agreement (AfCFTA) by 24 countries in May 2019. AfCFTA aims at increasing Africa’s economic growth and industrial competitiveness. As a part of the larger Pan-African vision, the initiative is a part of the commitment to building economic and political unity and enhancing the attainment of Agenda 2063. According to Geda and Yimer (2019), the AfCFTA agreement aims to provide better opportunities to gain economies of scale and efficiency through greater competition and specialisation. As anticipated, it offers a more attractive domestic market for international and local investment. In addition, an increase in intra-regional commerce would boost economic expansion and help pull people out of poverty. 20 00 Open Access Seife K Tadelle 11 03 06 10.36615/9780906785713-08 187 208 22 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Rebuilding African Economy in a Globalised World: The African Continental Free Trade Agreement (AfCFTA) and the Question of Intra‑African Trade 1 A01 21 0000-0003-2618-1199 Lemuel Odeh Lemuel Odeh 40 032kdwk38 University of Ilorin 2 A01 21 0000-0002-2817-9765 Olawale Yemisi Olawale Yemisi 40 03wx2rr30 University of Ibadan 01 eng 02 00 In postcolonial Africa, the growth and development of the economy have been long-standing issues. Over the years, the African continent has been disadvantageously positioned in the global economy, despite its abundant human and natural resources, as well as its contribution to the mainstream global economy. 03 00 In postcolonial Africa, the growth and development of the economy have been long-standing issues. Over the years, the African continent has been disadvantageously positioned in the global economy, despite its abundant human and natural resources, as well as its contribution to the mainstream global economy. Africa holds a significant share of the world’s resources, with approximately 30% of global mineral reserves, 12% of oil reserves, and 8% of natural gas reserves situated on the continent (Mohseni-Cheraghlou 2023). Mainstream literature, theories, and African-centred analysis on institutional performance have primarily considered Africa a disadvantaged continent and at the receiving end of an institutional framework structured to reward the United States (US)-dominated brand of capitalism, while also benefiting other industrial states and international financial institutions (IFIs), governed by the free market system. 30 00 In postcolonial Africa, the growth and development of the economy have been long-standing issues. Over the years, the African continent has been disadvantageously positioned in the global economy, despite its abundant human and natural resources, as well as its contribution to the mainstream global economy. Africa holds a significant share of the world’s resources, with approximately 30% of global mineral reserves, 12% of oil reserves, and 8% of natural gas reserves situated on the continent (Mohseni-Cheraghlou 2023). Mainstream literature, theories, and African-centred analysis on institutional performance have primarily considered Africa a disadvantaged continent and at the receiving end of an institutional framework structured to reward the United States (US)-dominated brand of capitalism, while also benefiting other industrial states and international financial institutions (IFIs), governed by the free market system. 20 00 Open Access Lemuel Odeh, Olawale Yemisi 12 03 06 10.36615/9780906785713-09 211 233 23 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 The Question of The Decade: Is it Feasible for CARICOM to Co‑ordinate its Foreign Policy towards Africa? 1 A01 21 0000-0003-3043-0362 Kai-Ann D Skeete Kai-Ann D Skeete 40 05p4f7w60 University of the West Indies 01 eng 02 00 Once dubbed a paradox by Anthony Payne due to the unique arrangement of a community of sovereign states, the Caribbean Community and Common Market (CARICOM) is guided by Article 6 of the Revised Treaty of Chaguaramas, which mandates the regional body to enhance the co-ordination of member states’ foreign policies. However, even with a Council for F 03 00 Once dubbed a paradox by Anthony Payne due to the unique arrangement of a community of sovereign states, the Caribbean Community and Common Market (CARICOM) is guided by Article 6 of the Revised Treaty of Chaguaramas, which mandates the regional body to enhance the co-ordination of member states’ foreign policies. However, even with a Council for Foreign and Community Relations (COFCOR) and a Prime Ministerial Sub-committee on External Relations, CARICOM has failed to achieve one of its integral pillars – the co-ordination of member states’ foreign policy. This has resulted in numerous insurmountable tensions, as countries have strayed from CARICOM’s scrutiny and delved into bilateral or plurilateral arrangements. 30 00 Once dubbed a paradox by Anthony Payne due to the unique arrangement of a community of sovereign states, the Caribbean Community and Common Market (CARICOM) is guided by Article 6 of the Revised Treaty of Chaguaramas, which mandates the regional body to enhance the co-ordination of member states’ foreign policies. However, even with a Council for Foreign and Community Relations (COFCOR) and a Prime Ministerial Sub-committee on External Relations, CARICOM has failed to achieve one of its integral pillars – the co-ordination of member states’ foreign policy. This has resulted in numerous insurmountable tensions, as countries have strayed from CARICOM’s scrutiny and delved into bilateral or plurilateral arrangements. 20 00 Open Access Kai-Ann D Skeete 13 03 06 10.36615/9780906785713-10 235 259 25 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 The African Union and the United States: The Pursuit of a Strategic Partnership 1 A01 21 0000-0002-4661-2040 Tshepo Gwatiwa Tshepo Gwatiwa 40 01sf06y89 Macquarie University 01 eng 02 00 The African Union (AU) has been one of the key organisations and most important actors in the interstices of collective diplomacy, multilateralism, and inter-regionalism for the past 20 years. From a regionalist perspective, Africa’s future largely depends on the effectiveness of the African Union Commission (AUC), because it negotiates and impleme 03 00 The African Union (AU) has been one of the key organisations and most important actors in the interstices of collective diplomacy, multilateralism, and inter-regionalism for the past 20 years. From a regionalist perspective, Africa’s future largely depends on the effectiveness of the African Union Commission (AUC), because it negotiates and implements international agreements on various issues, especially on security and development. These two are very important, given the view that security and/or political stability are a prerequisite for African development and prosperity. It is imperative to highlight that the AU is a relatively nascent organisation, representing the world’s most fledgling nation states, in terms of statemaking and nationbuilding1. Hence, Africa faces two challenges. The first is how to catch up with the rest of the world, in terms of security and development. 30 00 The African Union (AU) has been one of the key organisations and most important actors in the interstices of collective diplomacy, multilateralism, and inter-regionalism for the past 20 years. From a regionalist perspective, Africa’s future largely depends on the effectiveness of the African Union Commission (AUC), because it negotiates and implements international agreements on various issues, especially on security and development. These two are very important, given the view that security and/or political stability are a prerequisite for African development and prosperity. It is imperative to highlight that the AU is a relatively nascent organisation, representing the world’s most fledgling nation states, in terms of statemaking and nationbuilding1. Hence, Africa faces two challenges. The first is how to catch up with the rest of the world, in terms of security and development. 20 00 Open Access Tshepo Gwatiwa 14 03 06 10.36615/9780906785713-11 261 292 32 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 United Nations-African Union Relations: Towards Sustainable Peace and Economic Development and the Attainment of Agenda 2063 1 A01 21 0000-0001-9040-9501 Dawn Isabel Nagar Dawn Isabel Nagar 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 01 eng 02 00 This chapter provides a constructive discussion of the actors and factors relevant to the African Union (AU)’s relations with the United Nations (UN) and their respective institutions. The chapter further provides a critical assessment concerning the rules of engagement between these two international organisations over 20 years since the establish 03 00 This chapter provides a constructive discussion of the actors and factors relevant to the African Union (AU)’s relations with the United Nations (UN) and their respective institutions. The chapter further provides a critical assessment concerning the rules of engagement between these two international organisations over 20 years since the establishment of the AU in 2002. The major discussion adopts a political economy, human security, and developmental-led approach situated in fundamental international relations theories, critique, and debates to assess how the relations between these two organisations have fared, see where the gaps are, and identify key recommendations toward building solid relations. Addressing the AU and its relations with the UN’s peace and security architecture to achieve the AU’s Agenda 2063, therefore cannot be discussed in the absence of geopolitical economics. 30 00 This chapter provides a constructive discussion of the actors and factors relevant to the African Union (AU)’s relations with the United Nations (UN) and their respective institutions. The chapter further provides a critical assessment concerning the rules of engagement between these two international organisations over 20 years since the establishment of the AU in 2002. The major discussion adopts a political economy, human security, and developmental-led approach situated in fundamental international relations theories, critique, and debates to assess how the relations between these two organisations have fared, see where the gaps are, and identify key recommendations toward building solid relations. Addressing the AU and its relations with the UN’s peace and security architecture to achieve the AU’s Agenda 2063, therefore cannot be discussed in the absence of geopolitical economics. 20 00 Open Access Dawn Isabel Nagar 15 03 06 10.36615/9780906785713-12 295 316 22 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Intra-African Migration and the Prospects for Regional Integration 1 B01 21 0000-0003-4185-593X Khabele Matlosa Khabele Matlosa 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 01 eng 02 00 The African Union (AU) has a four-pronged agenda for continental unity and integration: peace and security, democracy and governance, socio-economic development, and repositioning Africa in the global arena. 03 00 The African Union (AU) has a four-pronged agenda for continental unity and integration: peace and security, democracy and governance, socio-economic development, and repositioning Africa in the global arena. A major theme that cuts across the four agendas is migration (i.e. human movement). It needs to be emphasised that migration has been part and parcel of human life from time immemorial (Cohen 2019). It cannot be wished away. It is here to stay. 30 00 The African Union (AU) has a four-pronged agenda for continental unity and integration: peace and security, democracy and governance, socio-economic development, and repositioning Africa in the global arena. A major theme that cuts across the four agendas is migration (i.e. human movement). It needs to be emphasised that migration has been part and parcel of human life from time immemorial (Cohen 2019). It cannot be wished away. It is here to stay. 20 00 Open Access Khabele Matlosa 16 03 06 10.36615/9780906785713-13 317 349 33 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Africa-EU Migration: Between a Rock and a Hard Place? 1 B01 21 0000-0002-5701-0475 Adeoye Akinola Adeoye Akinola 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 01 eng 02 00 Migration is as old as human history. Africa-Europe migration is intricately woven with the timeless thread of contention, asymmetrical relations, and unresolved questions. Dating back to the pre-colonial and colonial dispensations, the movement of people across the two regions occupies a decisive space in Africa-Europe relations. 03 00 Migration is as old as human history. Africa-Europe migration is intricately woven with the timeless thread of contention, asymmetrical relations, and unresolved questions. Dating back to the pre-colonial and colonial dispensations, the movement of people across the two regions occupies a decisive space in Africa-Europe relations. Its historical resonance not only evokes the enduring ties that have bound these regions, but also illuminates the contemporary picture, wherein shared challenges and opportunities assume paramount significance. Migration in contemporary Africa-Europe relations emerges not merely as a vestige of the past, but as a potent catalyst propelling the current and future trajectory of collaboration between Africa and Europe. 30 00 Migration is as old as human history. Africa-Europe migration is intricately woven with the timeless thread of contention, asymmetrical relations, and unresolved questions. Dating back to the pre-colonial and colonial dispensations, the movement of people across the two regions occupies a decisive space in Africa-Europe relations. Its historical resonance not only evokes the enduring ties that have bound these regions, but also illuminates the contemporary picture, wherein shared challenges and opportunities assume paramount significance. Migration in contemporary Africa-Europe relations emerges not merely as a vestige of the past, but as a potent catalyst propelling the current and future trajectory of collaboration between Africa and Europe. 20 00 Open Access Adeoye O Akinola 17 03 06 10.36615/9780906785713-14 351 377 27 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 The ‘Unholy Trinity Powers’ in the Malawi-Tanzania Border Dispute: The Shaping of Postcolonial Relations in Southern Africa 1 A01 21 0000-0002-9673-3924 James Zotto James Zotto 40 0479aed98 University of Dar es Salaam 01 eng 02 00 After the independence of Malawi and Tanzania in the early 1960s, their relations soured, especially at the state level, following the countries’ laying of claim to Lake Nyasa. Whereas Malawi claimed that its sovereign territory with Tanzania is on the shore of Lake Nyasa in Tanzania (I call it the Eastern shoreline), Tanzania tenaciously recognise 03 00 After the independence of Malawi and Tanzania in the early 1960s, their relations soured, especially at the state level, following the countries’ laying of claim to Lake Nyasa. Whereas Malawi claimed that its sovereign territory with Tanzania is on the shore of Lake Nyasa in Tanzania (I call it the Eastern shoreline), Tanzania tenaciously recognised a boundary in the middle of Lake Nyasa (I call it the Middle line). Thorny relations between Tanzania and Malawi are attributed to both colonial and postcolonial forces. The influence of the colonial powers on the Malawi-Tanzania border dispute is highlighted by inconsistencies contained in colonial cartography, contradictions in the application of the mandate system in Tanganyika, and the ambiguities in the interpretation of the Anglo-German Agreement of 1 July 1890, which established the boundary between Nyasaland and German East Africa. 30 00 After the independence of Malawi and Tanzania in the early 1960s, their relations soured, especially at the state level, following the countries’ laying of claim to Lake Nyasa. Whereas Malawi claimed that its sovereign territory with Tanzania is on the shore of Lake Nyasa in Tanzania (I call it the Eastern shoreline), Tanzania tenaciously recognised a boundary in the middle of Lake Nyasa (I call it the Middle line). Thorny relations between Tanzania and Malawi are attributed to both colonial and postcolonial forces. The influence of the colonial powers on the Malawi-Tanzania border dispute is highlighted by inconsistencies contained in colonial cartography, contradictions in the application of the mandate system in Tanganyika, and the ambiguities in the interpretation of the Anglo-German Agreement of 1 July 1890, which established the boundary between Nyasaland and German East Africa. 20 00 Open Access James Zotto 18 03 06 10.36615/9780906785713-15 381 400 20 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 The Quest for Peace in Africa: Convergence and Fragmentation within the African Peace and Security Architecture (APSA) 1 A01 21 0000-0002-2457-6624 Ndubuisi Christian Ani Ndubuisi Christian Ani 40 00m3wrz48 United States Institute of Peace 01 eng 02 00 Over the past three years, the African continent has been faced with a coup crisis driven by a renewed citizen demand for democratic dividends. Many of the coups in West Africa – specifically in Niger, Mali and Burkina Faso – are driven by widespread discontent over state ineptitude in the face of rising violent extremism, farmer-herder conflict, s 03 00 Over the past three years, the African continent has been faced with a coup crisis driven by a renewed citizen demand for democratic dividends. Many of the coups in West Africa – specifically in Niger, Mali and Burkina Faso – are driven by widespread discontent over state ineptitude in the face of rising violent extremism, farmer-herder conflict, secessionist agitations, the COVID-19 pandemic, and environmental disasters that have claimed lives and displaced many. The political and security landscape is complicated by a rise in global power competition leading to the involvement of new security partners such as the Wagner mercenaries, while European partners have been forced to draw down or withdraw their forces in certain regions such as the Sahel. The evolving security situation calls into question the proactiveness and efficacy of the African security alliance in the framework of the African Peace and Security Architecture (APSA). 30 00 Over the past three years, the African continent has been faced with a coup crisis driven by a renewed citizen demand for democratic dividends. Many of the coups in West Africa – specifically in Niger, Mali and Burkina Faso – are driven by widespread discontent over state ineptitude in the face of rising violent extremism, farmer-herder conflict, secessionist agitations, the COVID-19 pandemic, and environmental disasters that have claimed lives and displaced many. The political and security landscape is complicated by a rise in global power competition leading to the involvement of new security partners such as the Wagner mercenaries, while European partners have been forced to draw down or withdraw their forces in certain regions such as the Sahel. The evolving security situation calls into question the proactiveness and efficacy of the African security alliance in the framework of the African Peace and Security Architecture (APSA). 20 00 Open Access Ndubuisi Christian Ani 19 03 06 10.36615/9780906785713-16 401 419 19 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Interrogating the AU’s Silencing the Guns in Africa 1 A01 21 0000-0003-2791-6564 Tim K Murithi Tim K Murithi 40 01zsz0b12 Institute for Justice and Reconciliation 01 eng 02 00 The African Union (AU) is embarking on its second decade, and it is apt to assess the challenges that it has confronted in terms of efforts to promote peace, security, governance, and the improvement of the livelihood of its constituent peoples. According to the Armed Conflict Location and Event Data Project (ACLED), the African continent is afflic 03 00 The African Union (AU) is embarking on its second decade, and it is apt to assess the challenges that it has confronted in terms of efforts to promote peace, security, governance, and the improvement of the livelihood of its constituent peoples. According to the Armed Conflict Location and Event Data Project (ACLED), the African continent is afflicted by 35 conflicts, of variable intensity, which has led to the displacement of more than 40 million persons across the continent (ACLED 2023). The AU’s Agenda 2063 identifies one of its objectives as the pursuit of “an integrated, prosperous, and peaceful Africa, driven by its citizens and representing a dynamic force in the international arena” (AU 2015). 30 00 The African Union (AU) is embarking on its second decade, and it is apt to assess the challenges that it has confronted in terms of efforts to promote peace, security, governance, and the improvement of the livelihood of its constituent peoples. According to the Armed Conflict Location and Event Data Project (ACLED), the African continent is afflicted by 35 conflicts, of variable intensity, which has led to the displacement of more than 40 million persons across the continent (ACLED 2023). The AU’s Agenda 2063 identifies one of its objectives as the pursuit of “an integrated, prosperous, and peaceful Africa, driven by its citizens and representing a dynamic force in the international arena” (AU 2015). 20 00 Open Access Tim K Murithi 20 03 06 10.36615/9780906785713-17 421 446 26 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Silencing the Guns in Africa from an Algerian Perspective 1 A01 21 0000-0001-9064-3461 Laeed Zaghlami Laeed Zaghlami 40 01pynjp12 University of Algiers 3 2 A01 21 0009-0007-4747-8836 Belkacem Iratni Belkacem Iratni 40 01pynjp12 University of Algiers 3 01 eng 02 00 The report presented at the opening session of the annual African Union (AU) summit held in Addis Ababa in February 2020 under the theme ‘Silencing the Guns: Creating Conducive Conditions for Africa’s Development’ painstakingly admitted “the failure of the engagement taken in 2013 to put an end to all the wars in Africa by 2020” (Algérie-eco 2020). 03 00 The report presented at the opening session of the annual African Union (AU) summit held in Addis Ababa in February 2020 under the theme ‘Silencing the Guns: Creating Conducive Conditions for Africa’s Development’ painstakingly admitted “the failure of the engagement taken in 2013 to put an end to all the wars in Africa by 2020” (Algérie-eco 2020). The AU extended this initiative until 2030 during the 14th extraordinary session of its assembly on Silencing the Guns held in December 2020 in Johannesburg, South Africa because of the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, the failure to consolidate peace, prevent violent extremism, foster democracy, and boost economic progress, has greatly hampered some gains in achieving peace and security in Africa. 30 00 The report presented at the opening session of the annual African Union (AU) summit held in Addis Ababa in February 2020 under the theme ‘Silencing the Guns: Creating Conducive Conditions for Africa’s Development’ painstakingly admitted “the failure of the engagement taken in 2013 to put an end to all the wars in Africa by 2020” (Algérie-eco 2020). The AU extended this initiative until 2030 during the 14th extraordinary session of its assembly on Silencing the Guns held in December 2020 in Johannesburg, South Africa because of the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, the failure to consolidate peace, prevent violent extremism, foster democracy, and boost economic progress, has greatly hampered some gains in achieving peace and security in Africa. 20 00 Open Access Laeed Zaghlami, Belkacem Iratni 21 03 06 10.36615/9780906785713-18 447 466 20 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Prioritising Human Security by the African Union at the Emergence of the New Global Hegemony 1 A01 21 0000-0002-0565-7832 Tazoacha Francis Tazoacha Francis 01 eng 02 00 Human security concerns are primordial in addressing the peace and security challenges that the African continent is facing today. Human security encompasses, firstly, the protection of individuals as a strategic concern for national as well as international security; secondly, it spells out that the security conditions for people’s development are 03 00 Human security concerns are primordial in addressing the peace and security challenges that the African continent is facing today. Human security encompasses, firstly, the protection of individuals as a strategic concern for national as well as international security; secondly, it spells out that the security conditions for people’s development are not bound to traditional matters of national defence, law, and order, but rather encompass all political, economic, and social issues enabling a life free from risk and fear. The world is characterised by insecurity and full of threats on many fronts. Natural disasters, tenacious poverty, violent conflicts, protracted crises, epidemics, and economic recessions inflict adversities and undercut prospects for peace, stability, and sustainable development (UN 2018). Such crises are intricate, necessitating numerous forms of human insecurity. 30 00 Human security concerns are primordial in addressing the peace and security challenges that the African continent is facing today. Human security encompasses, firstly, the protection of individuals as a strategic concern for national as well as international security; secondly, it spells out that the security conditions for people’s development are not bound to traditional matters of national defence, law, and order, but rather encompass all political, economic, and social issues enabling a life free from risk and fear. The world is characterised by insecurity and full of threats on many fronts. Natural disasters, tenacious poverty, violent conflicts, protracted crises, epidemics, and economic recessions inflict adversities and undercut prospects for peace, stability, and sustainable development (UN 2018). Such crises are intricate, necessitating numerous forms of human insecurity. 20 00 Open Access Tazoacha Francis 22 03 06 10.36615/9780906785713-19 469 491 23 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 The Role of the African Union in Elections 1 A01 Samuel Mondays Atuobi Samuel Mondays Atuobi 40 01jg4aw19 African Union Commission 01 eng 02 00 In 2002, a new organisation, the African Union (AU), replaced the Organisation of African Union (OAU). One of the objectives of the OAU was to “promote democratic principles and institutions, popular participation and good governance” (AU 2000:5). 03 00 In 2002, a new organisation, the African Union (AU), replaced the Organisation of African Union (OAU). One of the objectives of the OAU was to “promote democratic principles and institutions, popular participation and good governance” (AU 2000:5). This objective was based on the principles of “respect for democratic principles, human rights, the rule of law and good governance” (AU 2000:7) The objective and principles stated here as captured in the Constitutive Act of the organisation reveal its commitment to democratic principles which include regular, free, and fair elections. Before the AU was launched in 2002, the member states of the OAU had taken giant steps towards holding multiparty elections. For instance, from 1990 to 2001, about 175 presidential and parliamentary elections were held (see table below). Although most of its member states were already holding regular multiparty elections, there were fears that unconstitutional changes of governments would derail their efforts. In 2000, the OAU had to adopt the Lome Declaration on Combatting Unconstitutional Changes of Government (UCG) to guide against backtracking from the democratic path. Consequently, the new continental organisation had to carve a niche in terms of its role in promoting democratic elections. 30 00 In 2002, a new organisation, the African Union (AU), replaced the Organisation of African Union (OAU). One of the objectives of the OAU was to “promote democratic principles and institutions, popular participation and good governance” (AU 2000:5). This objective was based on the principles of “respect for democratic principles, human rights, the rule of law and good governance” (AU 2000:7) The objective and principles stated here as captured in the Constitutive Act of the organisation reveal its commitment to democratic principles which include regular, free, and fair elections. Before the AU was launched in 2002, the member states of the OAU had taken giant steps towards holding multiparty elections. For instance, from 1990 to 2001, about 175 presidential and parliamentary elections were held (see table below). Although most of its member states were already holding regular multiparty elections, there were fears that unconstitutional changes of governments would derail their efforts. In 2000, the OAU had to adopt the Lome Declaration on Combatting Unconstitutional Changes of Government (UCG) to guide against backtracking from the democratic path. Consequently, the new continental organisation had to carve a niche in terms of its role in promoting democratic elections. 20 00 Open Access Samuel Mondays Atuobi 23 03 06 10.36615/9780906785713-20 493 512 20 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Democracy, Governance, and Peacebuilding in Africa: Technology, Cybercitizens and Kenya’s Post-2022 Election Jitters 1 A01 21 0000-0002-0044-3296 Fredrick Ogenga Fredrick Ogenga 40 019z2v446 Rongo University 01 eng 02 00 There have been genuine concerns in public debates regarding the questions of democratic transition, democratic installations, and democratic consolidation in Africa, with varied responses. Of course, it appears that there are two dichotomies, driven by specific epistemic positions regarding ways of being African and attendant democracy in Africa o 03 00 There have been genuine concerns in public debates regarding the questions of democratic transition, democratic installations, and democratic consolidation in Africa, with varied responses. Of course, it appears that there are two dichotomies, driven by specific epistemic positions regarding ways of being African and attendant democracy in Africa or African democracy (Bah 2020; Ajulu 2022; Chitanga 2023; Ogenga 2021; Bah &amp; Ogenga 2020; Maweu &amp; Mare 2021). On the one hand, views that champion Pan-African positions in this debate are not in short supply. On the other, some align with the Western narratives that are still influenced by coloniality that seek to see democracy ‘flourish’ in Africa the Western way (Kobuthi 2023.) The latter view has taken centre stage by celebrating liberal democracy. This can always be fingered for the problematic trajectory that democracy in Africa has assumed in the recent past. Nyere (2022) and Chitanga (2023), for example, demonstrate how democratic institutionalisms thrive on institutions that project coloniality of power par excellence, influencing the universal epistemic frames of global power configurations with those on the receiving end being 30 00 There have been genuine concerns in public debates regarding the questions of democratic transition, democratic installations, and democratic consolidation in Africa, with varied responses. Of course, it appears that there are two dichotomies, driven by specific epistemic positions regarding ways of being African and attendant democracy in Africa or African democracy (Bah 2020; Ajulu 2022; Chitanga 2023; Ogenga 2021; Bah &amp; Ogenga 2020; Maweu &amp; Mare 2021). On the one hand, views that champion Pan-African positions in this debate are not in short supply. On the other, some align with the Western narratives that are still influenced by coloniality that seek to see democracy ‘flourish’ in Africa the Western way (Kobuthi 2023.) The latter view has taken centre stage by celebrating liberal democracy. This can always be fingered for the problematic trajectory that democracy in Africa has assumed in the recent past. Nyere (2022) and Chitanga (2023), for example, demonstrate how democratic institutionalisms thrive on institutions that project coloniality of power par excellence, influencing the universal epistemic frames of global power configurations with those on the receiving end being 20 00 Open Access Fredrick Ogenga 24 03 06 10.36615/9780906785713-21 513 545 33 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Chapter 01 01 Election-related Violence in Africa A Reflection of the African Union’s Response 1 A01 21 0000-0002-4918-415X Ratidzo C Makombe Ratidzo C Makombe 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 01 eng 02 00 Postcolonial Africa has struggled in operationalising liberal democracy, marked by recurring incidents of electoral violence leading to significant loss of lives and destruction of property throughout the continent. This has imposed a responsibility on continental and regional actors, such as the African Union (AU) to intervene. Thus, the AU has ma 03 00 Postcolonial Africa has struggled in operationalising liberal democracy, marked by recurring incidents of electoral violence leading to significant loss of lives and destruction of property throughout the continent. This has imposed a responsibility on continental and regional actors, such as the African Union (AU) to intervene. Thus, the AU has made significant strides in creating several frameworks that foster peace and security on the continent. For instance, the African Charter on Democracy, Elections and Governance (ACDEG), which was proposed in 2007 and enacted in 2012, has been instrumental in the governance and conduct of African elections. Most countries have adopted electoral democracy, with elections held cyclically every four to five years. Despite these initiatives, African elections are marred with election-related violence (ERV) ranging from protests to civilian deaths. 30 00 Postcolonial Africa has struggled in operationalising liberal democracy, marked by recurring incidents of electoral violence leading to significant loss of lives and destruction of property throughout the continent. This has imposed a responsibility on continental and regional actors, such as the African Union (AU) to intervene. Thus, the AU has made significant strides in creating several frameworks that foster peace and security on the continent. For instance, the African Charter on Democracy, Elections and Governance (ACDEG), which was proposed in 2007 and enacted in 2012, has been instrumental in the governance and conduct of African elections. Most countries have adopted electoral democracy, with elections held cyclically every four to five years. Despite these initiatives, African elections are marred with election-related violence (ERV) ranging from protests to civilian deaths. 20 00 Open Access Ratidzo C Makombe 25 03 06 10.36615/9780906785713-22 547 570 24 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Governance, Contested Legitimacy, and the Resurgence of Military Coups in Africa: The Role of the African Union 1 A01 21 0000-0002-3775-1620 Habu Mohammed Habu Mohammed 40 049pzty39 Bayero University Kano 01 eng 02 00 Over the decades, African countries have experienced governance crises and what others have tagged governance deficit. The potential for African countries to draw lessons from their histories of inadequate governance and alter the trajectory of development in both politics and the economy appears to be a subject open to debate. 03 00 Over the decades, African countries have experienced governance crises and what others have tagged governance deficit. The potential for African countries to draw lessons from their histories of inadequate governance and alter the trajectory of development in both politics and the economy appears to be a subject open to debate. Personal rule and personalisation of politics have created a situation whereby democratic institutions are impaired the most at the expense of the collective good. Indeed, there has been an emergence of big personalities who have occupied the political spaces of their societies – legitimately or illegitimately. The narrower the political space, the heavier the toll of misgovernance on the citizens who suffer most of the brunt of leadership failure, caused by a lack of political legitimacy. These tendencies manifest themselves more in the continent’s history of state formation and political processes. 30 00 Over the decades, African countries have experienced governance crises and what others have tagged governance deficit. The potential for African countries to draw lessons from their histories of inadequate governance and alter the trajectory of development in both politics and the economy appears to be a subject open to debate. Personal rule and personalisation of politics have created a situation whereby democratic institutions are impaired the most at the expense of the collective good. Indeed, there has been an emergence of big personalities who have occupied the political spaces of their societies – legitimately or illegitimately. The narrower the political space, the heavier the toll of misgovernance on the citizens who suffer most of the brunt of leadership failure, caused by a lack of political legitimacy. These tendencies manifest themselves more in the continent’s history of state formation and political processes. 20 00 Open Access Habu Mohammed 26 03 06 10.36615/9780906785713-23 573 598 26 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 African Union at 20: Gender Relations in Africa and Agenda 2063 1 A01 21 0000-0003-0086-2121 Dorcas Ettang Dorcas Ettang 40 0303y7a51 Durban University of Technology 01 eng 02 00 Celebrating its 20th year, the African Union (AU) has made significant strides in improving gender relations and addressing gender gaps in its various policies and structures. These efforts are evident in its Gender Parity Project, Gender Policy, Agenda 2063, and Ten-Year Implementation Plan, and continental reports on the implementation of Agenda 03 00 Celebrating its 20th year, the African Union (AU) has made significant strides in improving gender relations and addressing gender gaps in its various policies and structures. These efforts are evident in its Gender Parity Project, Gender Policy, Agenda 2063, and Ten-Year Implementation Plan, and continental reports on the implementation of Agenda 2063. Agenda 2063 comprehensively presents the various dimensions of Africa’s political, socio-economic, and security landscapes and situates gender within it through its various provisions and implementation plans. Aspiration 6 of Agenda 2063 clarifies the position of the AU and its member states on gender equality, with its primary goal of achieving “full gender equality in all spheres of life” by prioritising women’s and girls’ empowerment and preventing discrimination and violence against them (AU 2015a). Its Ten-Year Implementation Plan, published in 2015, notes the transformational goal of reducing violence against women by a third and normalising gender parity by 2023 in all its organs and regional economic communities (RECs). The union’s review of national and RECs’ strategic plans identified gender and women’s development as a priority area (AU 2015b). 30 00 Celebrating its 20th year, the African Union (AU) has made significant strides in improving gender relations and addressing gender gaps in its various policies and structures. These efforts are evident in its Gender Parity Project, Gender Policy, Agenda 2063, and Ten-Year Implementation Plan, and continental reports on the implementation of Agenda 2063. Agenda 2063 comprehensively presents the various dimensions of Africa’s political, socio-economic, and security landscapes and situates gender within it through its various provisions and implementation plans. Aspiration 6 of Agenda 2063 clarifies the position of the AU and its member states on gender equality, with its primary goal of achieving “full gender equality in all spheres of life” by prioritising women’s and girls’ empowerment and preventing discrimination and violence against them (AU 2015a). Its Ten-Year Implementation Plan, published in 2015, notes the transformational goal of reducing violence against women by a third and normalising gender parity by 2023 in all its organs and regional economic communities (RECs). The union’s review of national and RECs’ strategic plans identified gender and women’s development as a priority area (AU 2015b). 20 00 Open Access Dorcas Ettang 27 03 06 10.36615/9780906785713-24 599 637 39 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 African Women Labour Migrants: Assessing the African Union Free Movement of Persons Protocol 1 A01 21 0009-0006-4399-2195 Nompumelelo Ndawonde Nompumelelo Ndawonde 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 01 eng 02 00 In the contemporary world, the trend of women’s migration has grown increasingly prominent. In 2020, the global international migrant stock included approximately 135 million female migrants, accounting for 48.1% of the total, meaning nearly half of the world’s migrants are women and girls (UN DESA 2020). 03 00 In the contemporary world, the trend of women’s migration has grown increasingly prominent. In 2020, the global international migrant stock included approximately 135 million female migrants, accounting for 48.1% of the total, meaning nearly half of the world’s migrants are women and girls (UN DESA 2020). This increasing visibility of women in international migration is often referred to as the feminisation of migration. This term captures the rising prevalence of women who travel independently in global migration patterns (IOM 2021). 30 00 In the contemporary world, the trend of women’s migration has grown increasingly prominent. In 2020, the global international migrant stock included approximately 135 million female migrants, accounting for 48.1% of the total, meaning nearly half of the world’s migrants are women and girls (UN DESA 2020). This increasing visibility of women in international migration is often referred to as the feminisation of migration. This term captures the rising prevalence of women who travel independently in global migration patterns (IOM 2021). 20 00 Open Access Nompumelelo Ndawonde 28 03 06 10.36615/9780906785713-25 639 658 20 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Theorising Women’s Inclusion in Peace Processes Towards the Actualisation of Agenda 2063 1 A01 21 0000-0002-6505-4988 Adeogun Tolulope Adeogun Tolulope 40 0303y7a51 Durban University of Technology 2 A01 21 0000-0003-0086-2121 Dorcas Ettang Dorcas Ettang 40 0303y7a51 Durban University of Technology 3 A01 21 0000-0002-5962-7188 Rabele Litlhare Rabele Litlhare 40 00g0p6g84 University of Pretoria 01 eng 02 00 For centuries, conflict of various shades has taken over nations of the world. As one country is coming out of war, another is on the verge of war. War is divided into two categories: interstate (country(ies) against country(ies)) and intra-state (wars within countries); however, intra-state wars have become popular in recent times. 03 00 For centuries, conflict of various shades has taken over nations of the world. As one country is coming out of war, another is on the verge of war. War is divided into two categories: interstate (country(ies) against country(ies)) and intra-state (wars within countries); however, intra-state wars have become popular in recent times. Expectedly, Africa is not exempt from this destructive and disruptive menace. In recent years, the African continent has witnessed genocide, ethnicism, terrorism, and other forms of unrest and political instability, leading to the loss of millions of lives and property, leaving people homeless, and straining the socio-political and economic fabrics of many African countries. 30 00 For centuries, conflict of various shades has taken over nations of the world. As one country is coming out of war, another is on the verge of war. War is divided into two categories: interstate (country(ies) against country(ies)) and intra-state (wars within countries); however, intra-state wars have become popular in recent times. Expectedly, Africa is not exempt from this destructive and disruptive menace. In recent years, the African continent has witnessed genocide, ethnicism, terrorism, and other forms of unrest and political instability, leading to the loss of millions of lives and property, leaving people homeless, and straining the socio-political and economic fabrics of many African countries. 20 00 Open Access Adeogun Tolulope,Dorcas Ettang, Rabele Litlhare 29 03 06 10.36615/9780906785713-26 659 685 27 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 The African Union at 20: Youth Inclusivity and Agenda 2063 1 A01 Lennon Monyae Lennon Monyae 01 eng 02 00 Africa is endowed with innovative and inventive dynamism that should not be relegated to the margins of statistics. Mo Ibrahim Foundation (2019) findings indicate that Africa is currently experiencing a massive youth bulge, with approximately 60% of Africa’s population less than 25 years old, and this population is expected to grow by more than 180 03 00 Africa is endowed with innovative and inventive dynamism that should not be relegated to the margins of statistics. Mo Ibrahim Foundation (2019) findings indicate that Africa is currently experiencing a massive youth bulge, with approximately 60% of Africa’s population less than 25 years old, and this population is expected to grow by more than 180% by the end of the century. On the other hand, Europe’s youth will shrink by 21% and Asia’s by 28%. Projections by the same study project that by 2100, Africa’s youth population will be equivalent to twice Europe’s entire population. 30 00 Africa is endowed with innovative and inventive dynamism that should not be relegated to the margins of statistics. Mo Ibrahim Foundation (2019) findings indicate that Africa is currently experiencing a massive youth bulge, with approximately 60% of Africa’s population less than 25 years old, and this population is expected to grow by more than 180% by the end of the century. On the other hand, Europe’s youth will shrink by 21% and Asia’s by 28%. Projections by the same study project that by 2100, Africa’s youth population will be equivalent to twice Europe’s entire population. 20 00 Open Access Lennon Monyae 30 03 06 10.36615/9780906785713-27 689 715 27 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 The African Union’s Strategy for Digital Transformation in Africa Maximising Opportunities and Overcoming Challenges 1 A01 21 0000-0001-7151-7080 Odilile Ayodele Odilile Ayodele 40 056206b04 Human Sciences Research Council 01 eng 02 00 Scholars and practitioners of African politics and African Union (AU) studies have been bedevilled by intersecting crises in the 2020s, including faltering democratisation (Fomunyoh 2020; Xolani, Nkosingiphile &amp; Muzi 2022), growing insecurity (Obadare 2023; Siaplay &amp; Werker 2023), and lopsided economic development patterns that originated d 03 00 Scholars and practitioners of African politics and African Union (AU) studies have been bedevilled by intersecting crises in the 2020s, including faltering democratisation (Fomunyoh 2020; Xolani, Nkosingiphile &amp; Muzi 2022), growing insecurity (Obadare 2023; Siaplay &amp; Werker 2023), and lopsided economic development patterns that originated during colonialism and further deepened during the Cold War (Cogneau, Dupraz &amp; Mesplé-Somps 2018; Cramer, Sender &amp; Oqubay 2020). Despite the efforts of national and regional actors to redress the dwindling economic performance of African states and rising insecurity as well as political instability, the failure to sprint towards continental integration has circumvented the ability to effect change, amidst the prospects for digital transformation. 30 00 Scholars and practitioners of African politics and African Union (AU) studies have been bedevilled by intersecting crises in the 2020s, including faltering democratisation (Fomunyoh 2020; Xolani, Nkosingiphile &amp; Muzi 2022), growing insecurity (Obadare 2023; Siaplay &amp; Werker 2023), and lopsided economic development patterns that originated during colonialism and further deepened during the Cold War (Cogneau, Dupraz &amp; Mesplé-Somps 2018; Cramer, Sender &amp; Oqubay 2020). Despite the efforts of national and regional actors to redress the dwindling economic performance of African states and rising insecurity as well as political instability, the failure to sprint towards continental integration has circumvented the ability to effect change, amidst the prospects for digital transformation. 20 00 Open Access Odilile Ayodele 31 03 06 10.36615/9780906785713-28 717 744 Chapter 01 01 Africa and the Curriculum Transformation Project Towards the Epistemic-Independent Africa We Want 1 A01 21 0000-0002-2706-9097 Everisto Benyera Everisto Benyera 40 048cwvf49 University of South Africa 01 eng 03 00 As stakeholders reflect on the African Union (AU)’s 20 years of existence, it must be re-emphasised that decolonisation is not an event, but a set of interlinked and dependent processes. These processes are meant to respond to the mutation of the empire from its founding as a political empire to its adaptive mode as an economic empire and to its current survival mode as an epistemic/cognitive empire. Decolonisation processes must be able to continuously respond to this mutation of colonialism which has given rise to coloniality. One of the ways Africa can respond is through transforming the curriculum, especially the university curriculum, in the quest for epistemic independence in Africa. 30 00 As stakeholders reflect on the African Union (AU)’s 20 years of existence, it must be re-emphasised that decolonisation is not an event, but a set of interlinked and dependent processes. These processes are meant to respond to the mutation of the empire from its founding as a political empire to its adaptive mode as an economic empire and to its current survival mode as an epistemic/cognitive empire. Decolonisation processes must be able to continuously respond to this mutation of colonialism which has given rise to coloniality. One of the ways Africa can respond is through transforming the curriculum, especially the university curriculum, in the quest for epistemic independence in Africa. 32 03 06 10.36615/9780906785713-29 745 778 34 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 African Union at 20: Health Systems Strengthening for Post‑COVID Dispensation 1 A01 21 0000-0003-2674-1520 Njabulo Mbanda Njabulo Mbanda 40 04z6c2n17 University of Johannesburg 01 eng 02 00 In January 2014, the former chairperson of the African Union (AU) Commission, Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma, presented Agenda 2063: The Africa We Want as a blueprint and master plan for transforming the continent into “The Africa of the Future”. 03 00 In January 2014, the former chairperson of the African Union (AU) Commission, Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma, presented Agenda 2063: The Africa We Want as a blueprint and master plan for transforming the continent into “The Africa of the Future”. As a strategic framework, this agenda is also founded on an approach for inclusive and sustainable development, which represents, “a concrete manifestation of the Pan-African drive for unity, self-determination, freedom, progress, and collective prosperity pursued under Pan-Africanism and African Renaissance”. Through its broad flagship programmes that aim mainly to transform the continent into the global powerhouse of the future, Agenda 2063 also provides clear direction for the continent’s plans for ensuring healthy lives and promoting the wellbeing of all people. Incidentally, this is the exact focus of the United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), which are key to the theme of the chapter, as revealed in the table below. 30 00 In January 2014, the former chairperson of the African Union (AU) Commission, Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma, presented Agenda 2063: The Africa We Want as a blueprint and master plan for transforming the continent into “The Africa of the Future”. As a strategic framework, this agenda is also founded on an approach for inclusive and sustainable development, which represents, “a concrete manifestation of the Pan-African drive for unity, self-determination, freedom, progress, and collective prosperity pursued under Pan-Africanism and African Renaissance”. Through its broad flagship programmes that aim mainly to transform the continent into the global powerhouse of the future, Agenda 2063 also provides clear direction for the continent’s plans for ensuring healthy lives and promoting the wellbeing of all people. Incidentally, this is the exact focus of the United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), which are key to the theme of the chapter, as revealed in the table below. 20 00 Open Access Njabulo Mbanda 33 03 06 10.36615/9780906785713-30 779 803 25 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Africa, Climate Change, and Development Towards A Strategic Balancing Posture 1 A01 Ngono Louis Narcisse Ngono Louis Narcisse 01 eng 02 00 Over the decades, Africa has been at the receiving end of climate change. In the context of the global fight against climate change, Africa must act given its vulnerability and the threats to its development projections. 03 00 Over the decades, Africa has been at the receiving end of climate change. In the context of the global fight against climate change, Africa must act given its vulnerability and the threats to its development projections. Understood within the meaning of the United Nations Framework Convention as mutations attributable directly or indirectly to anthropogenic activities modifying the constitution of the global atmosphere and adding to natural climate variability, climate change is a major challenge for the world. No region is spared, least of all Africa, which is more than ever under the influence of extreme climatic phenomena likely to compromise its development trajectory, although it is anchored in a regional vision of economic emergence (AU 2015). This mutation is linked to an additional greenhouse effect caused by a model of planetary society mainly dependent on fossil fuels (Ngono 2022). This warming thus causes a sudden change in the climate which manifests itself through variations in climatic characteristics by establishing extreme phenomena such as rising sea levels, droughts, floods, cyclones, weakening of forests, threats to freshwater resources, agricultural crises, desertification, reduction of biodiversity, and the spread of tropical diseases. 30 00 Over the decades, Africa has been at the receiving end of climate change. In the context of the global fight against climate change, Africa must act given its vulnerability and the threats to its development projections. Understood within the meaning of the United Nations Framework Convention as mutations attributable directly or indirectly to anthropogenic activities modifying the constitution of the global atmosphere and adding to natural climate variability, climate change is a major challenge for the world. No region is spared, least of all Africa, which is more than ever under the influence of extreme climatic phenomena likely to compromise its development trajectory, although it is anchored in a regional vision of economic emergence (AU 2015). This mutation is linked to an additional greenhouse effect caused by a model of planetary society mainly dependent on fossil fuels (Ngono 2022). This warming thus causes a sudden change in the climate which manifests itself through variations in climatic characteristics by establishing extreme phenomena such as rising sea levels, droughts, floods, cyclones, weakening of forests, threats to freshwater resources, agricultural crises, desertification, reduction of biodiversity, and the spread of tropical diseases. 20 00 Open Access Ngono Louis Narcisse UJ Press 01 URL https://ujpress.uj.ac.za 01 UJ Press 01 Publisher's website: home page https://ujpress.uj.ac.za/ 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/283 Johannesburg 04 01 20250628 Khabele Matlosa, Adeoye O. Akinola; Sven Botha, Ebrima Sall, Siphamandla Zondi, Eddy Maloka, Hesphina Rukato, Horace G Campbell, Osy Ezechukwunyere Nwebo, Kayode Eesuola, Seife K Tadelle, Lemuel Odeh, Olawale Yemisi, Kai-Ann D Skeete, Tshepo Gwatiwa, Dawn Isabel Nagar, James Zotto, Ndubuisi Christian Ani, Tim K Murithi, Laeed Zaghlami, Belkacem Iratni, Tazoacha Francis, Samuel Mondays Atuobi, Fredrick Ogenga, Ratidzo C Makombe, Habu Mohammed, Dorcas Ettang, Nompumelelo Ndawonde, Adeogun Tolulope, Rabele Litlhare, Lennon Monyae, Odilile Ayodele, Everisto Benyera, Njabulo Mbanda, Ngono Louis Narcisse 02 WORLD 06 15 9780906785706 06 15 9780906785713 06 15 9780906785737 06 15 9780906785720 WORLD 11 Unknown 36 Unspecified hosting platform: webpage for this product https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/283 29 Unspecified hosting platform: download the title https://play.google.com/store/audiobooks/details?id=AQAAAEAqpjzmBM 20 08 20250628 01 urn:uuid:e14e31f4-53b2-4e90-a778-66c5f137396f 03 01 01 thoth-work-id urn:uuid:36e48fba-92d9-4b42-8838-531b6f64558b 01 thoth-publication-id urn:uuid:e14e31f4-53b2-4e90-a778-66c5f137396f 15 9781997468387 06 10.64449/9781997468394 00 BC 10 01 228 mm 01 22.8 cm 01 8.98 in 02 152 mm 02 15.2 cm 02 5.98 in Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ 01 01 African Women in Governance Policies and Stakeholder's Participation 1 A01 21 0000-0001-6086-7173 Tinuade Adekunbi Ojo Tinuade Adekunbi Ojo 2 B01 21 0000-0003-4325-2729 Omosefe Oyekanmi Omosefe Oyekanmi 01 eng 00 402 03 20 Africa 20 Governance 93 JHMC 10 POL052000 20 Policies 20 Women 01 06 02 00 African Women in Governance: Policies and Stakeholder's Participation presents the assumptions, narratives, and institutions that underpin the key concepts and investigate the limits and potential of financial inclusion development strategy for gender equality. 03 00 African Women in Governance: Policies and Stakeholder's Participation presents the assumptions, narratives, and institutions that underpin the key concepts and investigate the limits and potential of financial inclusion development strategy for gender equality. Despite the importance of financial inclusion in response to the growth and development of the economy; critics have argued that financial inclusion represents regressive policies that have hindered the government from meeting the targeted ideological goals set for each country. The hindrance might be traced to the 2007-2008 global financial crisis, which crashed the global economy. Many countries, especially developing economies, are yet to fully recover and achieve the set goals on financial inclusion for their economies (Prabhakar, 2019: 40). This is reiterated by Langley (2008) and Leyshon et al. (2008: 6), who argue that most developing economies have abandoned financial inclusion and the government has passed the responsibilities to its people. The themes identified will provide guidance on the compilation of state-specific profiles on different national approaches to financial inclusion gender policies. The main objective of this volume is to understand different processes for financial inclusion to gender issues at a national level. And to help encourage reflection on what lessons could be learnt between states and what factors cause divergence in multilateral settings so that they can be understood and hopefully addressed. 30 00 African Women in Governance: Policies and Stakeholder's Participation presents the assumptions, narratives, and institutions that underpin the key concepts and investigate the limits and potential of financial inclusion development strategy for gender equality. Despite the importance of financial inclusion in response to the growth and development of the economy; critics have argued that financial inclusion represents regressive policies that have hindered the government from meeting the targeted ideological goals set for each country. The hindrance might be traced to the 2007-2008 global financial crisis, which crashed the global economy. Many countries, especially developing economies, are yet to fully recover and achieve the set goals on financial inclusion for their economies (Prabhakar, 2019: 40). This is reiterated by Langley (2008) and Leyshon et al. (2008: 6), who argue that most developing economies have abandoned financial inclusion and the government has passed the responsibilities to its people. The themes identified will provide guidance on the compilation of state-specific profiles on different national approaches to financial inclusion gender policies. The main objective of this volume is to understand different processes for financial inclusion to gender issues at a national level. And to help encourage reflection on what lessons could be learnt between states and what factors cause divergence in multilateral settings so that they can be understood and hopefully addressed. 04 00 Editorial Foreword Sven Botha DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9781997468394-00 Synopsis Omosefe Oyekanmi, Tinuade Adekunbi Ojo DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9781997468394-000 An Overview of African Women in Governance Policies and Stakeholders’ Participation Dr. Ojo DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9781997468394-01 ‘You Belong to the Other Room’ Women and Gendering Democratisation in Africa Olusola Olasupo, Samuel Babatola Ayiti, Olayide Oladeji DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9781997468394-02 Parliamentary Female Representation and Party Candidate Selection Methods in Zambia Aaron Wiza Siwale, Biggie Joe Ndambwa DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9781997468394-03 The Nexus between Women’s Gender Quotas and Political Representation A Comparative Analysis of South Africa and Rwanda Dr. Ojo, Refilwe Motseta DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9781997468394-04 Women’s Political Representation and Participation in the Eastern Cape Provincial Legislature Prospects, Consequences, and Implications Stellah Lubinga, Mzoleli Mrara, Torque Mude, Tafadzwa Clementine Maramura DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9781997468394-05 The Gender Equality Bill, Political Chauvinism and the Quality of Women’s Representation in Nigerian Politics Omosefe Oyekanmi, Antonia Taiye Simbine, Kafilah Gold DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9781997468394-06 Achieving SDG5 in the Fourth Industrial Revolution through Women’s Participation in Politics and Economic Governance in Africa Paul Tichaona Mushonga, Alison Nyaradzo Zuva DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9781997468394-07 African Union and the Development of a Continental Gender Quota in Africa Zainab Monisola Olaitan DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9781997468394-08 African Women’s Land Rights Struggle in Traditional Societies Lesego Louisah Mosweu, Dr. Ojo DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9781997468394-09 Enhancing Women’s Participation in Democratic Governance in Sierra Leone Maureen Lifongo DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9781997468394-10 Women in Leadership and the Promotion of Accountability in Local Governance Evaluating the Role of Female Leaders in Ekurhuleni Municipality Beauty Shiviti DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9781997468394-11 Gender and Age Demographics The Qualitative Decline of the ANC Vusi Gumbi DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9781997468394-12 Gender Dimensions of COVID-19 and Social Policy in Sub-Saharan Africa Omosefe Oyekanmi, Cecy Edijala Balogun DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9781997468394-13 Conclusion Reflections on African Women in Governance Omosefe Oyekanmi, Dr. Ojo DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9781997468394-14 20 00 Open Access 01 00 03 02 https://books.ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/10.64449/9781997468394_frontcover.jpg 1 03 06 10.64449/9781997468394-00 i ii 2 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Chapter 01 01 Editorial Foreword 02 00 In 2024, a total of 74 national elections were held worldwide, with 17 of these elections having occurred on African soil. Given this frequency, 2024 is rightly dubbed the year of elections or what some have called the election super cycle. 03 00 In 2024, a total of 74 national elections were held worldwide, with 17 of these elections having occurred on African soil. Given this frequency, 2024 is rightly dubbed the year of elections or what some have called the election super cycle. Within this setting, teeming with political choices and jostling for political power, women only constitute a quarter of Africa’s 13,057 parliamentarians, spanning 26% and 21% of the lower and upper houses of parliament, respectively. 30 00 In 2024, a total of 74 national elections were held worldwide, with 17 of these elections having occurred on African soil. Given this frequency, 2024 is rightly dubbed the year of elections or what some have called the election super cycle. Within this setting, teeming with political choices and jostling for political power, women only constitute a quarter of Africa’s 13,057 parliamentarians, spanning 26% and 21% of the lower and upper houses of parliament, respectively. 20 00 Open Access Sven Botha 2 03 06 10.64449/9781997468394-000 5 22 18 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Chapter 01 01 Synopsis 02 00 The participation of women in governance plays a crucial role in fostering democratic, egalitarian, and sustainable societies (Agbalajobi, 2010; Simbine & Oyekanmi, 2025). 03 00 The participation of women in governance plays a crucial role in fostering democratic, egalitarian, and sustainable societies (Agbalajobi, 2010; Simbine & Oyekanmi, 2025). Despite this, data consistently demonstrates that women’s representation in leadership positions across Africa remains below parity (Brookings, 2023; UN Women, 2025). While some countries, such as Rwanda, Kenya, and South Africa, have made notable strides in increasing female political representation, gender disparities persist across various economic and political sectors (IMF, 2023). This disparity exists notwithstanding the implementation of global, regional, and national policies aimed at promoting women’s rights and ensuring their equal participation in political and economic spheres). According to the 2021 report, Africa’s female political representation stands at just 24%, highlighting the ongoing need for targeted interventions (International IDEA, 2021). Factors such as entrenched patriarchy, lack of political will, and restrictive electoral frameworks continue to hinder progress towards gender parity in governance. Addressing these barriers requires concerted efforts from governments and development organisations to empower women and enhance their access to political leadership (Sadie, 2015). 30 00 The participation of women in governance plays a crucial role in fostering democratic, egalitarian, and sustainable societies (Agbalajobi, 2010; Simbine & Oyekanmi, 2025). Despite this, data consistently demonstrates that women’s representation in leadership positions across Africa remains below parity (Brookings, 2023; UN Women, 2025). While some countries, such as Rwanda, Kenya, and South Africa, have made notable strides in increasing female political representation, gender disparities persist across various economic and political sectors (IMF, 2023). This disparity exists notwithstanding the implementation of global, regional, and national policies aimed at promoting women’s rights and ensuring their equal participation in political and economic spheres). According to the 2021 report, Africa’s female political representation stands at just 24%, highlighting the ongoing need for targeted interventions (International IDEA, 2021). Factors such as entrenched patriarchy, lack of political will, and restrictive electoral frameworks continue to hinder progress towards gender parity in governance. Addressing these barriers requires concerted efforts from governments and development organisations to empower women and enhance their access to political leadership (Sadie, 2015). 20 00 Open Access Omosefe Oyekanmi, Tinuade Adekunbi Ojo 12 03 06 10.64449/9781997468394-10 279 304 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Enhancing Women’s Participation in Democratic Governance in Sierra Leone 02 00 Women’s participation in democratic governance has become increasingly prominent in African politics for several decades. 03 00 Women’s participation in democratic governance has become increasingly prominent in African politics for several decades. Since the 1995 United Nations Fourth World Conference on Women in Beijing, China, the issue of female political participation has garnered momentum, as many states have taken steps to institute mechanisms to address their under-representation, especially in democratic governance. The implementation of these instruments has led to more significant strides in terms of increasing women’s descriptive and substantive political representation in some countries (Bauer, 2012:370), while in others, the gap between women and men in politics has widened. This has highlighted the argument on whether the creation and adoption of these mechanisms are solely for procedural benefits or with an intent to translate to substantive results. However, since liberal democracy stresses equal participation of men and women in the political process to achieve substantive results, safeguarding women’s empowerment and gender equality is paramount. 30 00 Women’s participation in democratic governance has become increasingly prominent in African politics for several decades. Since the 1995 United Nations Fourth World Conference on Women in Beijing, China, the issue of female political participation has garnered momentum, as many states have taken steps to institute mechanisms to address their under-representation, especially in democratic governance. The implementation of these instruments has led to more significant strides in terms of increasing women’s descriptive and substantive political representation in some countries (Bauer, 2012:370), while in others, the gap between women and men in politics has widened. This has highlighted the argument on whether the creation and adoption of these mechanisms are solely for procedural benefits or with an intent to translate to substantive results. However, since liberal democracy stresses equal participation of men and women in the political process to achieve substantive results, safeguarding women’s empowerment and gender equality is paramount. 20 00 Open Access Maureen Lifongo 14 03 06 10.64449/9781997468394-12 333 351 19 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Gender and Age Demographics: The Qualitative Decline of the ANC 02 00 There is a universal, commonly held view in political discourse that democracy can only be achieved through the involvement of political parties because they are the building blocks of democratisation. 03 00 There is a universal, commonly held view in political discourse that democracy can only be achieved through the involvement of political parties because they are the building blocks of democratisation. Therefore, political parties must be understood within the overall theory and practice of democracy. Political parties have developed into an effective method for contesting power in democracies, in Africa and elsewhere. They are a crucial component for institutionalising, fostering, consolidating, and strengthening democracy (Shale, 2013). 30 00 There is a universal, commonly held view in political discourse that democracy can only be achieved through the involvement of political parties because they are the building blocks of democratisation. Therefore, political parties must be understood within the overall theory and practice of democracy. Political parties have developed into an effective method for contesting power in democracies, in Africa and elsewhere. They are a crucial component for institutionalising, fostering, consolidating, and strengthening democracy (Shale, 2013). 20 00 Open Access Vusi Gumbi 15 03 06 10.64449/9781997468394-13 353 378 26 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Gender Dimensions of COVID-19 and Social Policy in Sub-Saharan Africa 02 00 The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is highly gendered and social policy measures that were implemented to mitigate the impact of the disease on the lives and livelihood of the affected population in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) reveal a gendered approach by governments in SSA. 03 00 The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is highly gendered and social policy measures that were implemented to mitigate the impact of the disease on the lives and livelihood of the affected population in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) reveal a gendered approach by governments in SSA. Since its outbreak in 2019, the COVID-19 pandemic has undergone several phases, with cases rising sporadically in some countries compared to others. At the global level, COVID-19 cases rose from over 79 million in 2020 to over 500 million as of 2022, and reported deaths rose from over 1 million in 2020 to more than 6 million as of May 2022 (OWD, 2022). The COVID-19 pandemic is not only a health concern, it affected all areas of human life globally. In particular, the pandemic outbreak has amplified the pre-existing vulnerabilities and structural inequalities that exist in SSA, where most of the world’s vulnerable to socio-economic shocks live. 30 00 The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is highly gendered and social policy measures that were implemented to mitigate the impact of the disease on the lives and livelihood of the affected population in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) reveal a gendered approach by governments in SSA. Since its outbreak in 2019, the COVID-19 pandemic has undergone several phases, with cases rising sporadically in some countries compared to others. At the global level, COVID-19 cases rose from over 79 million in 2020 to over 500 million as of 2022, and reported deaths rose from over 1 million in 2020 to more than 6 million as of May 2022 (OWD, 2022). The COVID-19 pandemic is not only a health concern, it affected all areas of human life globally. In particular, the pandemic outbreak has amplified the pre-existing vulnerabilities and structural inequalities that exist in SSA, where most of the world’s vulnerable to socio-economic shocks live. 20 00 Open Access Omosefe Oyekanmi, Cecy Edijala Balogun UJ Press 01 URL https://ujpress.uj.ac.za 01 UJ Press 01 Publisher's website: home page https://ujpress.uj.ac.za/ 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/203 Johannesburg 04 01 20251115 Dr. Ojo, Omosefe Oyekanmi 02 WORLD 06 15 9781997468394 06 15 9781997468417 06 15 9781997468400 WORLD 09 UJ Press 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this product https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/203 29 Publisher's website: download the title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/203 20 08 20251115 01 urn:uuid:ac02d1f5-5a46-4688-a4ff-2aec3a5d682a 03 01 01 thoth-work-id urn:uuid:36e48fba-92d9-4b42-8838-531b6f64558b 01 thoth-publication-id urn:uuid:ac02d1f5-5a46-4688-a4ff-2aec3a5d682a 15 9781997468394 06 10.64449/9781997468394 00 EB E107 10 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ 01 01 African Women in Governance Policies and Stakeholder's Participation 1 A01 21 0000-0001-6086-7173 Tinuade Adekunbi Ojo Tinuade Adekunbi Ojo 2 B01 21 0000-0003-4325-2729 Omosefe Oyekanmi Omosefe Oyekanmi 01 eng 00 402 03 20 Africa 20 Governance 93 JHMC 10 POL052000 20 Policies 20 Women 01 06 02 00 African Women in Governance: Policies and Stakeholder's Participation presents the assumptions, narratives, and institutions that underpin the key concepts and investigate the limits and potential of financial inclusion development strategy for gender equality. 03 00 African Women in Governance: Policies and Stakeholder's Participation presents the assumptions, narratives, and institutions that underpin the key concepts and investigate the limits and potential of financial inclusion development strategy for gender equality. Despite the importance of financial inclusion in response to the growth and development of the economy; critics have argued that financial inclusion represents regressive policies that have hindered the government from meeting the targeted ideological goals set for each country. The hindrance might be traced to the 2007-2008 global financial crisis, which crashed the global economy. Many countries, especially developing economies, are yet to fully recover and achieve the set goals on financial inclusion for their economies (Prabhakar, 2019: 40). This is reiterated by Langley (2008) and Leyshon et al. (2008: 6), who argue that most developing economies have abandoned financial inclusion and the government has passed the responsibilities to its people. The themes identified will provide guidance on the compilation of state-specific profiles on different national approaches to financial inclusion gender policies. The main objective of this volume is to understand different processes for financial inclusion to gender issues at a national level. And to help encourage reflection on what lessons could be learnt between states and what factors cause divergence in multilateral settings so that they can be understood and hopefully addressed. 30 00 African Women in Governance: Policies and Stakeholder's Participation presents the assumptions, narratives, and institutions that underpin the key concepts and investigate the limits and potential of financial inclusion development strategy for gender equality. Despite the importance of financial inclusion in response to the growth and development of the economy; critics have argued that financial inclusion represents regressive policies that have hindered the government from meeting the targeted ideological goals set for each country. The hindrance might be traced to the 2007-2008 global financial crisis, which crashed the global economy. Many countries, especially developing economies, are yet to fully recover and achieve the set goals on financial inclusion for their economies (Prabhakar, 2019: 40). This is reiterated by Langley (2008) and Leyshon et al. (2008: 6), who argue that most developing economies have abandoned financial inclusion and the government has passed the responsibilities to its people. The themes identified will provide guidance on the compilation of state-specific profiles on different national approaches to financial inclusion gender policies. The main objective of this volume is to understand different processes for financial inclusion to gender issues at a national level. And to help encourage reflection on what lessons could be learnt between states and what factors cause divergence in multilateral settings so that they can be understood and hopefully addressed. 04 00 Editorial Foreword Sven Botha DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9781997468394-00 Synopsis Omosefe Oyekanmi, Tinuade Adekunbi Ojo DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9781997468394-000 An Overview of African Women in Governance Policies and Stakeholders’ Participation Dr. Ojo DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9781997468394-01 ‘You Belong to the Other Room’ Women and Gendering Democratisation in Africa Olusola Olasupo, Samuel Babatola Ayiti, Olayide Oladeji DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9781997468394-02 Parliamentary Female Representation and Party Candidate Selection Methods in Zambia Aaron Wiza Siwale, Biggie Joe Ndambwa DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9781997468394-03 The Nexus between Women’s Gender Quotas and Political Representation A Comparative Analysis of South Africa and Rwanda Dr. Ojo, Refilwe Motseta DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9781997468394-04 Women’s Political Representation and Participation in the Eastern Cape Provincial Legislature Prospects, Consequences, and Implications Stellah Lubinga, Mzoleli Mrara, Torque Mude, Tafadzwa Clementine Maramura DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9781997468394-05 The Gender Equality Bill, Political Chauvinism and the Quality of Women’s Representation in Nigerian Politics Omosefe Oyekanmi, Antonia Taiye Simbine, Kafilah Gold DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9781997468394-06 Achieving SDG5 in the Fourth Industrial Revolution through Women’s Participation in Politics and Economic Governance in Africa Paul Tichaona Mushonga, Alison Nyaradzo Zuva DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9781997468394-07 African Union and the Development of a Continental Gender Quota in Africa Zainab Monisola Olaitan DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9781997468394-08 African Women’s Land Rights Struggle in Traditional Societies Lesego Louisah Mosweu, Dr. Ojo DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9781997468394-09 Enhancing Women’s Participation in Democratic Governance in Sierra Leone Maureen Lifongo DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9781997468394-10 Women in Leadership and the Promotion of Accountability in Local Governance Evaluating the Role of Female Leaders in Ekurhuleni Municipality Beauty Shiviti DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9781997468394-11 Gender and Age Demographics The Qualitative Decline of the ANC Vusi Gumbi DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9781997468394-12 Gender Dimensions of COVID-19 and Social Policy in Sub-Saharan Africa Omosefe Oyekanmi, Cecy Edijala Balogun DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9781997468394-13 Conclusion Reflections on African Women in Governance Omosefe Oyekanmi, Dr. Ojo DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9781997468394-14 20 00 Open Access 01 00 03 02 https://books.ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/10.64449/9781997468394_frontcover.jpg 1 03 06 10.64449/9781997468394-00 i ii 2 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Chapter 01 01 Editorial Foreword 02 00 In 2024, a total of 74 national elections were held worldwide, with 17 of these elections having occurred on African soil. Given this frequency, 2024 is rightly dubbed the year of elections or what some have called the election super cycle. 03 00 In 2024, a total of 74 national elections were held worldwide, with 17 of these elections having occurred on African soil. Given this frequency, 2024 is rightly dubbed the year of elections or what some have called the election super cycle. Within this setting, teeming with political choices and jostling for political power, women only constitute a quarter of Africa’s 13,057 parliamentarians, spanning 26% and 21% of the lower and upper houses of parliament, respectively. 30 00 In 2024, a total of 74 national elections were held worldwide, with 17 of these elections having occurred on African soil. Given this frequency, 2024 is rightly dubbed the year of elections or what some have called the election super cycle. Within this setting, teeming with political choices and jostling for political power, women only constitute a quarter of Africa’s 13,057 parliamentarians, spanning 26% and 21% of the lower and upper houses of parliament, respectively. 20 00 Open Access Sven Botha 2 03 06 10.64449/9781997468394-000 5 22 18 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Chapter 01 01 Synopsis 02 00 The participation of women in governance plays a crucial role in fostering democratic, egalitarian, and sustainable societies (Agbalajobi, 2010; Simbine & Oyekanmi, 2025). 03 00 The participation of women in governance plays a crucial role in fostering democratic, egalitarian, and sustainable societies (Agbalajobi, 2010; Simbine & Oyekanmi, 2025). Despite this, data consistently demonstrates that women’s representation in leadership positions across Africa remains below parity (Brookings, 2023; UN Women, 2025). While some countries, such as Rwanda, Kenya, and South Africa, have made notable strides in increasing female political representation, gender disparities persist across various economic and political sectors (IMF, 2023). This disparity exists notwithstanding the implementation of global, regional, and national policies aimed at promoting women’s rights and ensuring their equal participation in political and economic spheres). According to the 2021 report, Africa’s female political representation stands at just 24%, highlighting the ongoing need for targeted interventions (International IDEA, 2021). Factors such as entrenched patriarchy, lack of political will, and restrictive electoral frameworks continue to hinder progress towards gender parity in governance. Addressing these barriers requires concerted efforts from governments and development organisations to empower women and enhance their access to political leadership (Sadie, 2015). 30 00 The participation of women in governance plays a crucial role in fostering democratic, egalitarian, and sustainable societies (Agbalajobi, 2010; Simbine & Oyekanmi, 2025). Despite this, data consistently demonstrates that women’s representation in leadership positions across Africa remains below parity (Brookings, 2023; UN Women, 2025). While some countries, such as Rwanda, Kenya, and South Africa, have made notable strides in increasing female political representation, gender disparities persist across various economic and political sectors (IMF, 2023). This disparity exists notwithstanding the implementation of global, regional, and national policies aimed at promoting women’s rights and ensuring their equal participation in political and economic spheres). According to the 2021 report, Africa’s female political representation stands at just 24%, highlighting the ongoing need for targeted interventions (International IDEA, 2021). Factors such as entrenched patriarchy, lack of political will, and restrictive electoral frameworks continue to hinder progress towards gender parity in governance. Addressing these barriers requires concerted efforts from governments and development organisations to empower women and enhance their access to political leadership (Sadie, 2015). 20 00 Open Access Omosefe Oyekanmi, Tinuade Adekunbi Ojo 12 03 06 10.64449/9781997468394-10 279 304 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Enhancing Women’s Participation in Democratic Governance in Sierra Leone 02 00 Women’s participation in democratic governance has become increasingly prominent in African politics for several decades. 03 00 Women’s participation in democratic governance has become increasingly prominent in African politics for several decades. Since the 1995 United Nations Fourth World Conference on Women in Beijing, China, the issue of female political participation has garnered momentum, as many states have taken steps to institute mechanisms to address their under-representation, especially in democratic governance. The implementation of these instruments has led to more significant strides in terms of increasing women’s descriptive and substantive political representation in some countries (Bauer, 2012:370), while in others, the gap between women and men in politics has widened. This has highlighted the argument on whether the creation and adoption of these mechanisms are solely for procedural benefits or with an intent to translate to substantive results. However, since liberal democracy stresses equal participation of men and women in the political process to achieve substantive results, safeguarding women’s empowerment and gender equality is paramount. 30 00 Women’s participation in democratic governance has become increasingly prominent in African politics for several decades. Since the 1995 United Nations Fourth World Conference on Women in Beijing, China, the issue of female political participation has garnered momentum, as many states have taken steps to institute mechanisms to address their under-representation, especially in democratic governance. The implementation of these instruments has led to more significant strides in terms of increasing women’s descriptive and substantive political representation in some countries (Bauer, 2012:370), while in others, the gap between women and men in politics has widened. This has highlighted the argument on whether the creation and adoption of these mechanisms are solely for procedural benefits or with an intent to translate to substantive results. However, since liberal democracy stresses equal participation of men and women in the political process to achieve substantive results, safeguarding women’s empowerment and gender equality is paramount. 20 00 Open Access Maureen Lifongo 14 03 06 10.64449/9781997468394-12 333 351 19 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Gender and Age Demographics: The Qualitative Decline of the ANC 02 00 There is a universal, commonly held view in political discourse that democracy can only be achieved through the involvement of political parties because they are the building blocks of democratisation. 03 00 There is a universal, commonly held view in political discourse that democracy can only be achieved through the involvement of political parties because they are the building blocks of democratisation. Therefore, political parties must be understood within the overall theory and practice of democracy. Political parties have developed into an effective method for contesting power in democracies, in Africa and elsewhere. They are a crucial component for institutionalising, fostering, consolidating, and strengthening democracy (Shale, 2013). 30 00 There is a universal, commonly held view in political discourse that democracy can only be achieved through the involvement of political parties because they are the building blocks of democratisation. Therefore, political parties must be understood within the overall theory and practice of democracy. Political parties have developed into an effective method for contesting power in democracies, in Africa and elsewhere. They are a crucial component for institutionalising, fostering, consolidating, and strengthening democracy (Shale, 2013). 20 00 Open Access Vusi Gumbi 15 03 06 10.64449/9781997468394-13 353 378 26 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Gender Dimensions of COVID-19 and Social Policy in Sub-Saharan Africa 02 00 The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is highly gendered and social policy measures that were implemented to mitigate the impact of the disease on the lives and livelihood of the affected population in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) reveal a gendered approach by governments in SSA. 03 00 The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is highly gendered and social policy measures that were implemented to mitigate the impact of the disease on the lives and livelihood of the affected population in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) reveal a gendered approach by governments in SSA. Since its outbreak in 2019, the COVID-19 pandemic has undergone several phases, with cases rising sporadically in some countries compared to others. At the global level, COVID-19 cases rose from over 79 million in 2020 to over 500 million as of 2022, and reported deaths rose from over 1 million in 2020 to more than 6 million as of May 2022 (OWD, 2022). The COVID-19 pandemic is not only a health concern, it affected all areas of human life globally. In particular, the pandemic outbreak has amplified the pre-existing vulnerabilities and structural inequalities that exist in SSA, where most of the world’s vulnerable to socio-economic shocks live. 30 00 The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is highly gendered and social policy measures that were implemented to mitigate the impact of the disease on the lives and livelihood of the affected population in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) reveal a gendered approach by governments in SSA. Since its outbreak in 2019, the COVID-19 pandemic has undergone several phases, with cases rising sporadically in some countries compared to others. At the global level, COVID-19 cases rose from over 79 million in 2020 to over 500 million as of 2022, and reported deaths rose from over 1 million in 2020 to more than 6 million as of May 2022 (OWD, 2022). The COVID-19 pandemic is not only a health concern, it affected all areas of human life globally. In particular, the pandemic outbreak has amplified the pre-existing vulnerabilities and structural inequalities that exist in SSA, where most of the world’s vulnerable to socio-economic shocks live. 20 00 Open Access Omosefe Oyekanmi, Cecy Edijala Balogun UJ Press 01 URL https://ujpress.uj.ac.za 01 UJ Press 01 Publisher's website: home page https://ujpress.uj.ac.za/ 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/203 Johannesburg 04 01 20251115 Dr. Ojo, Omosefe Oyekanmi 02 WORLD 06 15 9781997468387 06 15 9781997468417 06 15 9781997468400 WORLD 11 OAPEN 36 OAPEN: webpage for this product https://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/108864 29 OAPEN: download the title https://library.oapen.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.12657/108864/9781997468394.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y 20 08 20251115 01 09 UJ Press 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this product https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/203 29 Publisher's website: download the title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/203 20 08 20251115 01 11 THOTH 36 THOTH: webpage for this product https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/203 29 THOTH: download the title https://books.ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/10.64449/9781997468394.pdf 20 08 20251115 01 urn:uuid:3b20443b-2047-4057-acdc-b82b6f69fb23 03 01 01 thoth-work-id urn:uuid:36e48fba-92d9-4b42-8838-531b6f64558b 01 thoth-publication-id urn:uuid:3b20443b-2047-4057-acdc-b82b6f69fb23 15 9781997468417 06 10.64449/9781997468394 00 EB E113 10 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ 01 01 African Women in Governance Policies and Stakeholder's Participation 1 A01 21 0000-0001-6086-7173 Tinuade Adekunbi Ojo Tinuade Adekunbi Ojo 2 B01 21 0000-0003-4325-2729 Omosefe Oyekanmi Omosefe Oyekanmi 01 eng 00 402 03 20 Africa 20 Governance 93 JHMC 10 POL052000 20 Policies 20 Women 01 06 02 00 African Women in Governance: Policies and Stakeholder's Participation presents the assumptions, narratives, and institutions that underpin the key concepts and investigate the limits and potential of financial inclusion development strategy for gender equality. 03 00 African Women in Governance: Policies and Stakeholder's Participation presents the assumptions, narratives, and institutions that underpin the key concepts and investigate the limits and potential of financial inclusion development strategy for gender equality. Despite the importance of financial inclusion in response to the growth and development of the economy; critics have argued that financial inclusion represents regressive policies that have hindered the government from meeting the targeted ideological goals set for each country. The hindrance might be traced to the 2007-2008 global financial crisis, which crashed the global economy. Many countries, especially developing economies, are yet to fully recover and achieve the set goals on financial inclusion for their economies (Prabhakar, 2019: 40). This is reiterated by Langley (2008) and Leyshon et al. (2008: 6), who argue that most developing economies have abandoned financial inclusion and the government has passed the responsibilities to its people. The themes identified will provide guidance on the compilation of state-specific profiles on different national approaches to financial inclusion gender policies. The main objective of this volume is to understand different processes for financial inclusion to gender issues at a national level. And to help encourage reflection on what lessons could be learnt between states and what factors cause divergence in multilateral settings so that they can be understood and hopefully addressed. 30 00 African Women in Governance: Policies and Stakeholder's Participation presents the assumptions, narratives, and institutions that underpin the key concepts and investigate the limits and potential of financial inclusion development strategy for gender equality. Despite the importance of financial inclusion in response to the growth and development of the economy; critics have argued that financial inclusion represents regressive policies that have hindered the government from meeting the targeted ideological goals set for each country. The hindrance might be traced to the 2007-2008 global financial crisis, which crashed the global economy. Many countries, especially developing economies, are yet to fully recover and achieve the set goals on financial inclusion for their economies (Prabhakar, 2019: 40). This is reiterated by Langley (2008) and Leyshon et al. (2008: 6), who argue that most developing economies have abandoned financial inclusion and the government has passed the responsibilities to its people. The themes identified will provide guidance on the compilation of state-specific profiles on different national approaches to financial inclusion gender policies. The main objective of this volume is to understand different processes for financial inclusion to gender issues at a national level. And to help encourage reflection on what lessons could be learnt between states and what factors cause divergence in multilateral settings so that they can be understood and hopefully addressed. 04 00 Editorial Foreword Sven Botha DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9781997468394-00 Synopsis Omosefe Oyekanmi, Tinuade Adekunbi Ojo DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9781997468394-000 An Overview of African Women in Governance Policies and Stakeholders’ Participation Dr. Ojo DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9781997468394-01 ‘You Belong to the Other Room’ Women and Gendering Democratisation in Africa Olusola Olasupo, Samuel Babatola Ayiti, Olayide Oladeji DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9781997468394-02 Parliamentary Female Representation and Party Candidate Selection Methods in Zambia Aaron Wiza Siwale, Biggie Joe Ndambwa DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9781997468394-03 The Nexus between Women’s Gender Quotas and Political Representation A Comparative Analysis of South Africa and Rwanda Dr. Ojo, Refilwe Motseta DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9781997468394-04 Women’s Political Representation and Participation in the Eastern Cape Provincial Legislature Prospects, Consequences, and Implications Stellah Lubinga, Mzoleli Mrara, Torque Mude, Tafadzwa Clementine Maramura DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9781997468394-05 The Gender Equality Bill, Political Chauvinism and the Quality of Women’s Representation in Nigerian Politics Omosefe Oyekanmi, Antonia Taiye Simbine, Kafilah Gold DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9781997468394-06 Achieving SDG5 in the Fourth Industrial Revolution through Women’s Participation in Politics and Economic Governance in Africa Paul Tichaona Mushonga, Alison Nyaradzo Zuva DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9781997468394-07 African Union and the Development of a Continental Gender Quota in Africa Zainab Monisola Olaitan DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9781997468394-08 African Women’s Land Rights Struggle in Traditional Societies Lesego Louisah Mosweu, Dr. Ojo DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9781997468394-09 Enhancing Women’s Participation in Democratic Governance in Sierra Leone Maureen Lifongo DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9781997468394-10 Women in Leadership and the Promotion of Accountability in Local Governance Evaluating the Role of Female Leaders in Ekurhuleni Municipality Beauty Shiviti DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9781997468394-11 Gender and Age Demographics The Qualitative Decline of the ANC Vusi Gumbi DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9781997468394-12 Gender Dimensions of COVID-19 and Social Policy in Sub-Saharan Africa Omosefe Oyekanmi, Cecy Edijala Balogun DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9781997468394-13 Conclusion Reflections on African Women in Governance Omosefe Oyekanmi, Dr. Ojo DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9781997468394-14 20 00 Open Access 01 00 03 02 https://books.ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/10.64449/9781997468394_frontcover.jpg 1 03 06 10.64449/9781997468394-00 i ii 2 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Chapter 01 01 Editorial Foreword 02 00 In 2024, a total of 74 national elections were held worldwide, with 17 of these elections having occurred on African soil. Given this frequency, 2024 is rightly dubbed the year of elections or what some have called the election super cycle. 03 00 In 2024, a total of 74 national elections were held worldwide, with 17 of these elections having occurred on African soil. Given this frequency, 2024 is rightly dubbed the year of elections or what some have called the election super cycle. Within this setting, teeming with political choices and jostling for political power, women only constitute a quarter of Africa’s 13,057 parliamentarians, spanning 26% and 21% of the lower and upper houses of parliament, respectively. 30 00 In 2024, a total of 74 national elections were held worldwide, with 17 of these elections having occurred on African soil. Given this frequency, 2024 is rightly dubbed the year of elections or what some have called the election super cycle. Within this setting, teeming with political choices and jostling for political power, women only constitute a quarter of Africa’s 13,057 parliamentarians, spanning 26% and 21% of the lower and upper houses of parliament, respectively. 20 00 Open Access Sven Botha 2 03 06 10.64449/9781997468394-000 5 22 18 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Chapter 01 01 Synopsis 02 00 The participation of women in governance plays a crucial role in fostering democratic, egalitarian, and sustainable societies (Agbalajobi, 2010; Simbine & Oyekanmi, 2025). 03 00 The participation of women in governance plays a crucial role in fostering democratic, egalitarian, and sustainable societies (Agbalajobi, 2010; Simbine & Oyekanmi, 2025). Despite this, data consistently demonstrates that women’s representation in leadership positions across Africa remains below parity (Brookings, 2023; UN Women, 2025). While some countries, such as Rwanda, Kenya, and South Africa, have made notable strides in increasing female political representation, gender disparities persist across various economic and political sectors (IMF, 2023). This disparity exists notwithstanding the implementation of global, regional, and national policies aimed at promoting women’s rights and ensuring their equal participation in political and economic spheres). According to the 2021 report, Africa’s female political representation stands at just 24%, highlighting the ongoing need for targeted interventions (International IDEA, 2021). Factors such as entrenched patriarchy, lack of political will, and restrictive electoral frameworks continue to hinder progress towards gender parity in governance. Addressing these barriers requires concerted efforts from governments and development organisations to empower women and enhance their access to political leadership (Sadie, 2015). 30 00 The participation of women in governance plays a crucial role in fostering democratic, egalitarian, and sustainable societies (Agbalajobi, 2010; Simbine & Oyekanmi, 2025). Despite this, data consistently demonstrates that women’s representation in leadership positions across Africa remains below parity (Brookings, 2023; UN Women, 2025). While some countries, such as Rwanda, Kenya, and South Africa, have made notable strides in increasing female political representation, gender disparities persist across various economic and political sectors (IMF, 2023). This disparity exists notwithstanding the implementation of global, regional, and national policies aimed at promoting women’s rights and ensuring their equal participation in political and economic spheres). According to the 2021 report, Africa’s female political representation stands at just 24%, highlighting the ongoing need for targeted interventions (International IDEA, 2021). Factors such as entrenched patriarchy, lack of political will, and restrictive electoral frameworks continue to hinder progress towards gender parity in governance. Addressing these barriers requires concerted efforts from governments and development organisations to empower women and enhance their access to political leadership (Sadie, 2015). 20 00 Open Access Omosefe Oyekanmi, Tinuade Adekunbi Ojo 12 03 06 10.64449/9781997468394-10 279 304 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Enhancing Women’s Participation in Democratic Governance in Sierra Leone 02 00 Women’s participation in democratic governance has become increasingly prominent in African politics for several decades. 03 00 Women’s participation in democratic governance has become increasingly prominent in African politics for several decades. Since the 1995 United Nations Fourth World Conference on Women in Beijing, China, the issue of female political participation has garnered momentum, as many states have taken steps to institute mechanisms to address their under-representation, especially in democratic governance. The implementation of these instruments has led to more significant strides in terms of increasing women’s descriptive and substantive political representation in some countries (Bauer, 2012:370), while in others, the gap between women and men in politics has widened. This has highlighted the argument on whether the creation and adoption of these mechanisms are solely for procedural benefits or with an intent to translate to substantive results. However, since liberal democracy stresses equal participation of men and women in the political process to achieve substantive results, safeguarding women’s empowerment and gender equality is paramount. 30 00 Women’s participation in democratic governance has become increasingly prominent in African politics for several decades. Since the 1995 United Nations Fourth World Conference on Women in Beijing, China, the issue of female political participation has garnered momentum, as many states have taken steps to institute mechanisms to address their under-representation, especially in democratic governance. The implementation of these instruments has led to more significant strides in terms of increasing women’s descriptive and substantive political representation in some countries (Bauer, 2012:370), while in others, the gap between women and men in politics has widened. This has highlighted the argument on whether the creation and adoption of these mechanisms are solely for procedural benefits or with an intent to translate to substantive results. However, since liberal democracy stresses equal participation of men and women in the political process to achieve substantive results, safeguarding women’s empowerment and gender equality is paramount. 20 00 Open Access Maureen Lifongo 14 03 06 10.64449/9781997468394-12 333 351 19 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Gender and Age Demographics: The Qualitative Decline of the ANC 02 00 There is a universal, commonly held view in political discourse that democracy can only be achieved through the involvement of political parties because they are the building blocks of democratisation. 03 00 There is a universal, commonly held view in political discourse that democracy can only be achieved through the involvement of political parties because they are the building blocks of democratisation. Therefore, political parties must be understood within the overall theory and practice of democracy. Political parties have developed into an effective method for contesting power in democracies, in Africa and elsewhere. They are a crucial component for institutionalising, fostering, consolidating, and strengthening democracy (Shale, 2013). 30 00 There is a universal, commonly held view in political discourse that democracy can only be achieved through the involvement of political parties because they are the building blocks of democratisation. Therefore, political parties must be understood within the overall theory and practice of democracy. Political parties have developed into an effective method for contesting power in democracies, in Africa and elsewhere. They are a crucial component for institutionalising, fostering, consolidating, and strengthening democracy (Shale, 2013). 20 00 Open Access Vusi Gumbi 15 03 06 10.64449/9781997468394-13 353 378 26 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Gender Dimensions of COVID-19 and Social Policy in Sub-Saharan Africa 02 00 The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is highly gendered and social policy measures that were implemented to mitigate the impact of the disease on the lives and livelihood of the affected population in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) reveal a gendered approach by governments in SSA. 03 00 The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is highly gendered and social policy measures that were implemented to mitigate the impact of the disease on the lives and livelihood of the affected population in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) reveal a gendered approach by governments in SSA. Since its outbreak in 2019, the COVID-19 pandemic has undergone several phases, with cases rising sporadically in some countries compared to others. At the global level, COVID-19 cases rose from over 79 million in 2020 to over 500 million as of 2022, and reported deaths rose from over 1 million in 2020 to more than 6 million as of May 2022 (OWD, 2022). The COVID-19 pandemic is not only a health concern, it affected all areas of human life globally. In particular, the pandemic outbreak has amplified the pre-existing vulnerabilities and structural inequalities that exist in SSA, where most of the world’s vulnerable to socio-economic shocks live. 30 00 The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is highly gendered and social policy measures that were implemented to mitigate the impact of the disease on the lives and livelihood of the affected population in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) reveal a gendered approach by governments in SSA. Since its outbreak in 2019, the COVID-19 pandemic has undergone several phases, with cases rising sporadically in some countries compared to others. At the global level, COVID-19 cases rose from over 79 million in 2020 to over 500 million as of 2022, and reported deaths rose from over 1 million in 2020 to more than 6 million as of May 2022 (OWD, 2022). The COVID-19 pandemic is not only a health concern, it affected all areas of human life globally. In particular, the pandemic outbreak has amplified the pre-existing vulnerabilities and structural inequalities that exist in SSA, where most of the world’s vulnerable to socio-economic shocks live. 20 00 Open Access Omosefe Oyekanmi, Cecy Edijala Balogun UJ Press 01 URL https://ujpress.uj.ac.za 01 UJ Press 01 Publisher's website: home page https://ujpress.uj.ac.za/ 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/203 Johannesburg 04 01 20251115 Dr. Ojo, Omosefe Oyekanmi 02 WORLD 06 15 9781997468387 06 15 9781997468394 06 15 9781997468400 WORLD 09 UJ Press 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this product https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/203 29 Publisher's website: download the title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/view/203/1348/6155 20 08 20251115 01 urn:uuid:b016aabf-a832-42fd-a609-bc85a0bdf263 03 01 01 thoth-work-id urn:uuid:36e48fba-92d9-4b42-8838-531b6f64558b 01 thoth-publication-id urn:uuid:b016aabf-a832-42fd-a609-bc85a0bdf263 15 9781997468400 06 10.64449/9781997468394 00 EB E101 10 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ 01 01 African Women in Governance Policies and Stakeholder's Participation 1 A01 21 0000-0001-6086-7173 Tinuade Adekunbi Ojo Tinuade Adekunbi Ojo 2 B01 21 0000-0003-4325-2729 Omosefe Oyekanmi Omosefe Oyekanmi 01 eng 00 402 03 20 Africa 20 Governance 93 JHMC 10 POL052000 20 Policies 20 Women 01 06 02 00 African Women in Governance: Policies and Stakeholder's Participation presents the assumptions, narratives, and institutions that underpin the key concepts and investigate the limits and potential of financial inclusion development strategy for gender equality. 03 00 African Women in Governance: Policies and Stakeholder's Participation presents the assumptions, narratives, and institutions that underpin the key concepts and investigate the limits and potential of financial inclusion development strategy for gender equality. Despite the importance of financial inclusion in response to the growth and development of the economy; critics have argued that financial inclusion represents regressive policies that have hindered the government from meeting the targeted ideological goals set for each country. The hindrance might be traced to the 2007-2008 global financial crisis, which crashed the global economy. Many countries, especially developing economies, are yet to fully recover and achieve the set goals on financial inclusion for their economies (Prabhakar, 2019: 40). This is reiterated by Langley (2008) and Leyshon et al. (2008: 6), who argue that most developing economies have abandoned financial inclusion and the government has passed the responsibilities to its people. The themes identified will provide guidance on the compilation of state-specific profiles on different national approaches to financial inclusion gender policies. The main objective of this volume is to understand different processes for financial inclusion to gender issues at a national level. And to help encourage reflection on what lessons could be learnt between states and what factors cause divergence in multilateral settings so that they can be understood and hopefully addressed. 30 00 African Women in Governance: Policies and Stakeholder's Participation presents the assumptions, narratives, and institutions that underpin the key concepts and investigate the limits and potential of financial inclusion development strategy for gender equality. Despite the importance of financial inclusion in response to the growth and development of the economy; critics have argued that financial inclusion represents regressive policies that have hindered the government from meeting the targeted ideological goals set for each country. The hindrance might be traced to the 2007-2008 global financial crisis, which crashed the global economy. Many countries, especially developing economies, are yet to fully recover and achieve the set goals on financial inclusion for their economies (Prabhakar, 2019: 40). This is reiterated by Langley (2008) and Leyshon et al. (2008: 6), who argue that most developing economies have abandoned financial inclusion and the government has passed the responsibilities to its people. The themes identified will provide guidance on the compilation of state-specific profiles on different national approaches to financial inclusion gender policies. The main objective of this volume is to understand different processes for financial inclusion to gender issues at a national level. And to help encourage reflection on what lessons could be learnt between states and what factors cause divergence in multilateral settings so that they can be understood and hopefully addressed. 04 00 Editorial Foreword Sven Botha DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9781997468394-00 Synopsis Omosefe Oyekanmi, Tinuade Adekunbi Ojo DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9781997468394-000 An Overview of African Women in Governance Policies and Stakeholders’ Participation Dr. Ojo DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9781997468394-01 ‘You Belong to the Other Room’ Women and Gendering Democratisation in Africa Olusola Olasupo, Samuel Babatola Ayiti, Olayide Oladeji DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9781997468394-02 Parliamentary Female Representation and Party Candidate Selection Methods in Zambia Aaron Wiza Siwale, Biggie Joe Ndambwa DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9781997468394-03 The Nexus between Women’s Gender Quotas and Political Representation A Comparative Analysis of South Africa and Rwanda Dr. Ojo, Refilwe Motseta DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9781997468394-04 Women’s Political Representation and Participation in the Eastern Cape Provincial Legislature Prospects, Consequences, and Implications Stellah Lubinga, Mzoleli Mrara, Torque Mude, Tafadzwa Clementine Maramura DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9781997468394-05 The Gender Equality Bill, Political Chauvinism and the Quality of Women’s Representation in Nigerian Politics Omosefe Oyekanmi, Antonia Taiye Simbine, Kafilah Gold DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9781997468394-06 Achieving SDG5 in the Fourth Industrial Revolution through Women’s Participation in Politics and Economic Governance in Africa Paul Tichaona Mushonga, Alison Nyaradzo Zuva DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9781997468394-07 African Union and the Development of a Continental Gender Quota in Africa Zainab Monisola Olaitan DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9781997468394-08 African Women’s Land Rights Struggle in Traditional Societies Lesego Louisah Mosweu, Dr. Ojo DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9781997468394-09 Enhancing Women’s Participation in Democratic Governance in Sierra Leone Maureen Lifongo DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9781997468394-10 Women in Leadership and the Promotion of Accountability in Local Governance Evaluating the Role of Female Leaders in Ekurhuleni Municipality Beauty Shiviti DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9781997468394-11 Gender and Age Demographics The Qualitative Decline of the ANC Vusi Gumbi DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9781997468394-12 Gender Dimensions of COVID-19 and Social Policy in Sub-Saharan Africa Omosefe Oyekanmi, Cecy Edijala Balogun DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9781997468394-13 Conclusion Reflections on African Women in Governance Omosefe Oyekanmi, Dr. Ojo DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9781997468394-14 20 00 Open Access 01 00 03 02 https://books.ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/10.64449/9781997468394_frontcover.jpg 1 03 06 10.64449/9781997468394-00 i ii 2 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Chapter 01 01 Editorial Foreword 02 00 In 2024, a total of 74 national elections were held worldwide, with 17 of these elections having occurred on African soil. Given this frequency, 2024 is rightly dubbed the year of elections or what some have called the election super cycle. 03 00 In 2024, a total of 74 national elections were held worldwide, with 17 of these elections having occurred on African soil. Given this frequency, 2024 is rightly dubbed the year of elections or what some have called the election super cycle. Within this setting, teeming with political choices and jostling for political power, women only constitute a quarter of Africa’s 13,057 parliamentarians, spanning 26% and 21% of the lower and upper houses of parliament, respectively. 30 00 In 2024, a total of 74 national elections were held worldwide, with 17 of these elections having occurred on African soil. Given this frequency, 2024 is rightly dubbed the year of elections or what some have called the election super cycle. Within this setting, teeming with political choices and jostling for political power, women only constitute a quarter of Africa’s 13,057 parliamentarians, spanning 26% and 21% of the lower and upper houses of parliament, respectively. 20 00 Open Access Sven Botha 2 03 06 10.64449/9781997468394-000 5 22 18 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Chapter 01 01 Synopsis 02 00 The participation of women in governance plays a crucial role in fostering democratic, egalitarian, and sustainable societies (Agbalajobi, 2010; Simbine & Oyekanmi, 2025). 03 00 The participation of women in governance plays a crucial role in fostering democratic, egalitarian, and sustainable societies (Agbalajobi, 2010; Simbine & Oyekanmi, 2025). Despite this, data consistently demonstrates that women’s representation in leadership positions across Africa remains below parity (Brookings, 2023; UN Women, 2025). While some countries, such as Rwanda, Kenya, and South Africa, have made notable strides in increasing female political representation, gender disparities persist across various economic and political sectors (IMF, 2023). This disparity exists notwithstanding the implementation of global, regional, and national policies aimed at promoting women’s rights and ensuring their equal participation in political and economic spheres). According to the 2021 report, Africa’s female political representation stands at just 24%, highlighting the ongoing need for targeted interventions (International IDEA, 2021). Factors such as entrenched patriarchy, lack of political will, and restrictive electoral frameworks continue to hinder progress towards gender parity in governance. Addressing these barriers requires concerted efforts from governments and development organisations to empower women and enhance their access to political leadership (Sadie, 2015). 30 00 The participation of women in governance plays a crucial role in fostering democratic, egalitarian, and sustainable societies (Agbalajobi, 2010; Simbine & Oyekanmi, 2025). Despite this, data consistently demonstrates that women’s representation in leadership positions across Africa remains below parity (Brookings, 2023; UN Women, 2025). While some countries, such as Rwanda, Kenya, and South Africa, have made notable strides in increasing female political representation, gender disparities persist across various economic and political sectors (IMF, 2023). This disparity exists notwithstanding the implementation of global, regional, and national policies aimed at promoting women’s rights and ensuring their equal participation in political and economic spheres). According to the 2021 report, Africa’s female political representation stands at just 24%, highlighting the ongoing need for targeted interventions (International IDEA, 2021). Factors such as entrenched patriarchy, lack of political will, and restrictive electoral frameworks continue to hinder progress towards gender parity in governance. Addressing these barriers requires concerted efforts from governments and development organisations to empower women and enhance their access to political leadership (Sadie, 2015). 20 00 Open Access Omosefe Oyekanmi, Tinuade Adekunbi Ojo 12 03 06 10.64449/9781997468394-10 279 304 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Enhancing Women’s Participation in Democratic Governance in Sierra Leone 02 00 Women’s participation in democratic governance has become increasingly prominent in African politics for several decades. 03 00 Women’s participation in democratic governance has become increasingly prominent in African politics for several decades. Since the 1995 United Nations Fourth World Conference on Women in Beijing, China, the issue of female political participation has garnered momentum, as many states have taken steps to institute mechanisms to address their under-representation, especially in democratic governance. The implementation of these instruments has led to more significant strides in terms of increasing women’s descriptive and substantive political representation in some countries (Bauer, 2012:370), while in others, the gap between women and men in politics has widened. This has highlighted the argument on whether the creation and adoption of these mechanisms are solely for procedural benefits or with an intent to translate to substantive results. However, since liberal democracy stresses equal participation of men and women in the political process to achieve substantive results, safeguarding women’s empowerment and gender equality is paramount. 30 00 Women’s participation in democratic governance has become increasingly prominent in African politics for several decades. Since the 1995 United Nations Fourth World Conference on Women in Beijing, China, the issue of female political participation has garnered momentum, as many states have taken steps to institute mechanisms to address their under-representation, especially in democratic governance. The implementation of these instruments has led to more significant strides in terms of increasing women’s descriptive and substantive political representation in some countries (Bauer, 2012:370), while in others, the gap between women and men in politics has widened. This has highlighted the argument on whether the creation and adoption of these mechanisms are solely for procedural benefits or with an intent to translate to substantive results. However, since liberal democracy stresses equal participation of men and women in the political process to achieve substantive results, safeguarding women’s empowerment and gender equality is paramount. 20 00 Open Access Maureen Lifongo 14 03 06 10.64449/9781997468394-12 333 351 19 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Gender and Age Demographics: The Qualitative Decline of the ANC 02 00 There is a universal, commonly held view in political discourse that democracy can only be achieved through the involvement of political parties because they are the building blocks of democratisation. 03 00 There is a universal, commonly held view in political discourse that democracy can only be achieved through the involvement of political parties because they are the building blocks of democratisation. Therefore, political parties must be understood within the overall theory and practice of democracy. Political parties have developed into an effective method for contesting power in democracies, in Africa and elsewhere. They are a crucial component for institutionalising, fostering, consolidating, and strengthening democracy (Shale, 2013). 30 00 There is a universal, commonly held view in political discourse that democracy can only be achieved through the involvement of political parties because they are the building blocks of democratisation. Therefore, political parties must be understood within the overall theory and practice of democracy. Political parties have developed into an effective method for contesting power in democracies, in Africa and elsewhere. They are a crucial component for institutionalising, fostering, consolidating, and strengthening democracy (Shale, 2013). 20 00 Open Access Vusi Gumbi 15 03 06 10.64449/9781997468394-13 353 378 26 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Gender Dimensions of COVID-19 and Social Policy in Sub-Saharan Africa 02 00 The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is highly gendered and social policy measures that were implemented to mitigate the impact of the disease on the lives and livelihood of the affected population in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) reveal a gendered approach by governments in SSA. 03 00 The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is highly gendered and social policy measures that were implemented to mitigate the impact of the disease on the lives and livelihood of the affected population in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) reveal a gendered approach by governments in SSA. Since its outbreak in 2019, the COVID-19 pandemic has undergone several phases, with cases rising sporadically in some countries compared to others. At the global level, COVID-19 cases rose from over 79 million in 2020 to over 500 million as of 2022, and reported deaths rose from over 1 million in 2020 to more than 6 million as of May 2022 (OWD, 2022). The COVID-19 pandemic is not only a health concern, it affected all areas of human life globally. In particular, the pandemic outbreak has amplified the pre-existing vulnerabilities and structural inequalities that exist in SSA, where most of the world’s vulnerable to socio-economic shocks live. 30 00 The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is highly gendered and social policy measures that were implemented to mitigate the impact of the disease on the lives and livelihood of the affected population in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) reveal a gendered approach by governments in SSA. Since its outbreak in 2019, the COVID-19 pandemic has undergone several phases, with cases rising sporadically in some countries compared to others. At the global level, COVID-19 cases rose from over 79 million in 2020 to over 500 million as of 2022, and reported deaths rose from over 1 million in 2020 to more than 6 million as of May 2022 (OWD, 2022). The COVID-19 pandemic is not only a health concern, it affected all areas of human life globally. In particular, the pandemic outbreak has amplified the pre-existing vulnerabilities and structural inequalities that exist in SSA, where most of the world’s vulnerable to socio-economic shocks live. 20 00 Open Access Omosefe Oyekanmi, Cecy Edijala Balogun UJ Press 01 URL https://ujpress.uj.ac.za 01 UJ Press 01 Publisher's website: home page https://ujpress.uj.ac.za/ 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/203 Johannesburg 04 01 20251115 Dr. Ojo, Omosefe Oyekanmi 02 WORLD 06 15 9781997468387 06 15 9781997468394 06 15 9781997468417 WORLD 09 UJ Press 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this product https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/203 29 Publisher's website: download the title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/203 20 08 20251115 01 urn:uuid:7e39ebbb-d2aa-47fd-9076-afc39a55b020 03 01 01 thoth-work-id urn:uuid:6be51165-8812-46eb-999f-dd65223122c4 01 thoth-publication-id urn:uuid:7e39ebbb-d2aa-47fd-9076-afc39a55b020 15 9781920382780 06 10.18820/9781920382797 00 BC 10 01 175 mm 01 17.5 cm 01 6.89 in 03 245 mm 03 24.5 cm 03 9.65 in Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 01 01 Afrikaanse Filosofie Perspektiewe en dialoë 1 A01 21 0000-0003-1307-4255 Pieter Duvenage Pieter Duvenage 40 03npphx08 Akademia e Studimeve Albanologjike 01 afr 00 322 03 20 African history 20 anthropology 20 apartheid 20 colonialism 20 cultural history 20 historical methodology 20 history 10 PHI047000 20 philosophy 20 politics 93 QD 20 South African history 20 Southern African history 20 theology 01 06 02 00 "Hierdie is die eerste boeklengte poging om 'n Afrikaanse filosofiese tradisie te beskryf binne die konteks van die Suid-Afrikaanse geskiedenis, en om die geskiedenis van die filosofie internasionaal te interpreteer." 03 00 "Hierdie is die eerste boeklengte poging om 'n Afrikaanse filosofiese tradisie te beskryf binne die konteks van die Suid-Afrikaanse geskiedenis, en om die geskiedenis van die filosofie internasionaal te interpreteer. In die proses word van die belangrikste Afrikaanse filosowe self aan die woord gestel. Dit is werklik 'n waardevolle kultuurhistoriese dokument en 'n enorme bydrae tot die intellektuele geskiedenis in Suid-Afrika." - Prof Desmond Painter. 30 00 "Hierdie is die eerste boeklengte poging om 'n Afrikaanse filosofiese tradisie te beskryf binne die konteks van die Suid-Afrikaanse geskiedenis, en om die geskiedenis van die filosofie internasionaal te interpreteer. In die proses word van die belangrikste Afrikaanse filosowe self aan die woord gestel. Dit is werklik 'n waardevolle kultuurhistoriese dokument en 'n enorme bydrae tot die intellektuele geskiedenis in Suid-Afrika." - Prof Desmond Painter. 04 00 Inleiding 1. Die verskynsel van Afrikaanse filosofie 2. Tobie Muller en die verwikkelde band tussen taal, denke en geloof 3. C.K. Oberholzer en die ontstaan van die fenomenologie in Pretoria Dialoog 1 - Piet Dreyer Filosofie, Teologie en Geskiedenis Dialoog 2 - Bert Meyer Die oomblik van Analitiese Filosofie Dialoog 3 - Johan Degenaar Dialoog 4 - André du Toit Filosoof tussen Politiek en Geskiedenis Dialoog 5 - Danie Strauss Die reformatories-wysgerige tradisie en 'n nie-reduksionistiese ontologie Dialoog 6 - Bert Olivier Die ontbloting van versweë magsverhoudings Dialoog 7 - Johan Snyman Politiek van die nie-identiese Dialoog 8 - Danie Goosen Die werklikheid as deelnemende gebeure, of ie verwikkelde samehang tussen eenheid en veelheid 20 00 Open Access 01 00 03 02 https://books.ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/10.18820/9781920382797_frontcover.jpg SunBonani Scholar 01 URL https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog 01 UJ Press 01 Publisher's website: home page https://ujpress.uj.ac.za/ 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/113 Johannesburg 04 01 20160201 Pieter Duvenage 02 WORLD WORLD 09 UJ Press 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this product https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/113 29 Publisher's website: download the title https://www.takealot.com/afrikaanse-filosofie/PLID41414956 20 08 20160201 02 326.09 ZAR WORLD urn:uuid:18ea460d-e642-4846-aece-437c87556ec2 03 01 01 thoth-work-id urn:uuid:46ccf028-5b42-40bf-88ae-e17697a62889 01 thoth-publication-id urn:uuid:18ea460d-e642-4846-aece-437c87556ec2 15 9781776489930 06 10.36615/9781776489947 00 BC 10 01 228 mm 01 22.8 cm 01 8.98 in 02 152 mm 02 15.2 cm 02 5.98 in 03 9 mm 03 0.9 cm 03 0.35 in Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 01 01 Algeria Challenges and Chances in Global Higher Education 1 A01 21 0000-0002-1637-2533 Leonie Schoelen Leonie Schoelen 01 eng 00 172 03 20 Academic freedom 20 Algeria 20 Coping Strategies 10 EDU001030 93 GTQ 20 Higher Education 01 06 02 00 Arab and African states have seen an unprecedented expansion in tertiary education in recent times, both in terms of number of students and institutions. 03 00 Arab and African states have seen an unprecedented expansion in tertiary education in recent times, both in terms of number of students and institutions. While this development allows for more equity in access, it goes along with a novel impact, induced by the confrontation with global trends, and the resulting necessity to align or not. The empirical study in the field of higher education research addresses the following question: Which implications does the degree of the Algerian higher education system nationalisation as well as internationalisation orientation have on institutional development as well as individual practices? Findings indicate that Algerian academics are faced with a situation of personal oscillation in engaging in research, as a consequence of the ambivalent environment of national institutions versus the consensual international dimension of research, and employ a variety of coping strategies to deal with this setting. Likewise, the higher education system itself is at crossroads. The outcomes, more broadly, inform on-going and future university reforms and associated higher education policy shifts in African and Arab contexts from the backdrop of transforming societies' transition into knowledge economies. Leonie Schoelen, PhD is research associate at the University of Johannesburg and higher education expert. With an academic background in international relations, sociology and education sciences, she has worked on a freelance basis with various International cooperation projects, among others, supporting the Pan-African University (PAU) Institute for Water and Energy Sciences (including Climate Change) in Algeria, and the PAU Rectorate in Cameroon, focusing on student affairs, process management, quality assurance and strategic planning. Previously, she held the position of PostDoc fellow at the Cape Peninsula University of Technology, South Africa, in which framework she analysed internationalisation policies. She currently works for the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) as senior desk officer in charge of binational universities in North Africa and the Middle East, while continuing to publish and participate actively in academia. 30 00 Arab and African states have seen an unprecedented expansion in tertiary education in recent times, both in terms of number of students and institutions. While this development allows for more equity in access, it goes along with a novel impact, induced by the confrontation with global trends, and the resulting necessity to align or not. The empirical study in the field of higher education research addresses the following question: Which implications does the degree of the Algerian higher education system nationalisation as well as internationalisation orientation have on institutional development as well as individual practices? Findings indicate that Algerian academics are faced with a situation of personal oscillation in engaging in research, as a consequence of the ambivalent environment of national institutions versus the consensual international dimension of research, and employ a variety of coping strategies to deal with this setting. Likewise, the higher education system itself is at crossroads. The outcomes, more broadly, inform on-going and future university reforms and associated higher education policy shifts in African and Arab contexts from the backdrop of transforming societies' transition into knowledge economies. Leonie Schoelen, PhD is research associate at the University of Johannesburg and higher education expert. With an academic background in international relations, sociology and education sciences, she has worked on a freelance basis with various International cooperation projects, among others, supporting the Pan-African University (PAU) Institute for Water and Energy Sciences (including Climate Change) in Algeria, and the PAU Rectorate in Cameroon, focusing on student affairs, process management, quality assurance and strategic planning. Previously, she held the position of PostDoc fellow at the Cape Peninsula University of Technology, South Africa, in which framework she analysed internationalisation policies. She currently works for the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) as senior desk officer in charge of binational universities in North Africa and the Middle East, while continuing to publish and participate actively in academia. 04 00 1. Rationale Relevance and Ambiguity of Academic Freedom 2. Historical and Political Context 3. Algerian Higher Education System Development 4. Ambivalences through Personal Oscillations 5. Academics’ Voices Coping Strategies and Motivations for Research Activity 6. Implications for Higher Education Policy in the Arab World and Global South 7. From Ambivalences to Hybridisation 20 00 Open Access 01 00 03 02 https://books.ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/10.36615/9781776489947_frontcover.jpg UJ Press 01 URL https://ujpress.uj.ac.za 01 UJ Press 01 Publisher's website: home page https://ujpress.uj.ac.za/ 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/276 Johannesburg 04 01 20241017 Leonie Schoelen 02 WORLD 06 15 9781776489947 06 15 9781776489961 06 15 9781776489954 WORLD 09 UJ Press 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this product https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/276 29 Publisher's website: download the title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/276 20 08 20241017 02 225.00 ZAR WORLD urn:uuid:99360aea-495f-4fa6-b601-e48bad04a914 03 01 01 thoth-work-id urn:uuid:46ccf028-5b42-40bf-88ae-e17697a62889 01 thoth-publication-id urn:uuid:99360aea-495f-4fa6-b601-e48bad04a914 15 9781776489947 06 10.36615/9781776489947 00 EB E107 10 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 01 01 Algeria Challenges and Chances in Global Higher Education 1 A01 21 0000-0002-1637-2533 Leonie Schoelen Leonie Schoelen 01 eng 00 172 03 20 Academic freedom 20 Algeria 20 Coping Strategies 10 EDU001030 93 GTQ 20 Higher Education 01 06 02 00 Arab and African states have seen an unprecedented expansion in tertiary education in recent times, both in terms of number of students and institutions. 03 00 Arab and African states have seen an unprecedented expansion in tertiary education in recent times, both in terms of number of students and institutions. While this development allows for more equity in access, it goes along with a novel impact, induced by the confrontation with global trends, and the resulting necessity to align or not. The empirical study in the field of higher education research addresses the following question: Which implications does the degree of the Algerian higher education system nationalisation as well as internationalisation orientation have on institutional development as well as individual practices? Findings indicate that Algerian academics are faced with a situation of personal oscillation in engaging in research, as a consequence of the ambivalent environment of national institutions versus the consensual international dimension of research, and employ a variety of coping strategies to deal with this setting. Likewise, the higher education system itself is at crossroads. The outcomes, more broadly, inform on-going and future university reforms and associated higher education policy shifts in African and Arab contexts from the backdrop of transforming societies' transition into knowledge economies. Leonie Schoelen, PhD is research associate at the University of Johannesburg and higher education expert. With an academic background in international relations, sociology and education sciences, she has worked on a freelance basis with various International cooperation projects, among others, supporting the Pan-African University (PAU) Institute for Water and Energy Sciences (including Climate Change) in Algeria, and the PAU Rectorate in Cameroon, focusing on student affairs, process management, quality assurance and strategic planning. Previously, she held the position of PostDoc fellow at the Cape Peninsula University of Technology, South Africa, in which framework she analysed internationalisation policies. She currently works for the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) as senior desk officer in charge of binational universities in North Africa and the Middle East, while continuing to publish and participate actively in academia. 30 00 Arab and African states have seen an unprecedented expansion in tertiary education in recent times, both in terms of number of students and institutions. While this development allows for more equity in access, it goes along with a novel impact, induced by the confrontation with global trends, and the resulting necessity to align or not. The empirical study in the field of higher education research addresses the following question: Which implications does the degree of the Algerian higher education system nationalisation as well as internationalisation orientation have on institutional development as well as individual practices? Findings indicate that Algerian academics are faced with a situation of personal oscillation in engaging in research, as a consequence of the ambivalent environment of national institutions versus the consensual international dimension of research, and employ a variety of coping strategies to deal with this setting. Likewise, the higher education system itself is at crossroads. The outcomes, more broadly, inform on-going and future university reforms and associated higher education policy shifts in African and Arab contexts from the backdrop of transforming societies' transition into knowledge economies. Leonie Schoelen, PhD is research associate at the University of Johannesburg and higher education expert. With an academic background in international relations, sociology and education sciences, she has worked on a freelance basis with various International cooperation projects, among others, supporting the Pan-African University (PAU) Institute for Water and Energy Sciences (including Climate Change) in Algeria, and the PAU Rectorate in Cameroon, focusing on student affairs, process management, quality assurance and strategic planning. Previously, she held the position of PostDoc fellow at the Cape Peninsula University of Technology, South Africa, in which framework she analysed internationalisation policies. She currently works for the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) as senior desk officer in charge of binational universities in North Africa and the Middle East, while continuing to publish and participate actively in academia. 04 00 1. Rationale Relevance and Ambiguity of Academic Freedom 2. Historical and Political Context 3. Algerian Higher Education System Development 4. Ambivalences through Personal Oscillations 5. Academics’ Voices Coping Strategies and Motivations for Research Activity 6. Implications for Higher Education Policy in the Arab World and Global South 7. From Ambivalences to Hybridisation 20 00 Open Access 01 00 03 02 https://books.ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/10.36615/9781776489947_frontcover.jpg UJ Press 01 URL https://ujpress.uj.ac.za 01 UJ Press 01 Publisher's website: home page https://ujpress.uj.ac.za/ 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/276 Johannesburg 04 01 20241017 Leonie Schoelen 02 WORLD 06 15 9781776489930 06 15 9781776489961 06 15 9781776489954 WORLD 11 OAPEN 36 OAPEN: webpage for this product https://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/99156 29 OAPEN: download the title https://library.oapen.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.12657/99156/9781776489947.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y 20 08 20241017 01 11 DOAB 36 DOAB: webpage for this product https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/153519 20 08 20241017 01 09 UJ Press 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this product https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/276 29 Publisher's website: download the title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/view/276/924/3854 20 08 20241017 01 11 THOTH 36 THOTH: webpage for this product https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/276 29 THOTH: download the title https://books.ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/10.36615/9781776489947.pdf 20 08 20241017 01 urn:uuid:10bb85b6-bf71-4c42-8d32-32522c429694 03 01 01 thoth-work-id urn:uuid:46ccf028-5b42-40bf-88ae-e17697a62889 01 thoth-publication-id urn:uuid:10bb85b6-bf71-4c42-8d32-32522c429694 15 9781776489961 06 10.36615/9781776489947 00 EB E113 10 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 01 01 Algeria Challenges and Chances in Global Higher Education 1 A01 21 0000-0002-1637-2533 Leonie Schoelen Leonie Schoelen 01 eng 00 172 03 20 Academic freedom 20 Algeria 20 Coping Strategies 10 EDU001030 93 GTQ 20 Higher Education 01 06 02 00 Arab and African states have seen an unprecedented expansion in tertiary education in recent times, both in terms of number of students and institutions. 03 00 Arab and African states have seen an unprecedented expansion in tertiary education in recent times, both in terms of number of students and institutions. While this development allows for more equity in access, it goes along with a novel impact, induced by the confrontation with global trends, and the resulting necessity to align or not. The empirical study in the field of higher education research addresses the following question: Which implications does the degree of the Algerian higher education system nationalisation as well as internationalisation orientation have on institutional development as well as individual practices? Findings indicate that Algerian academics are faced with a situation of personal oscillation in engaging in research, as a consequence of the ambivalent environment of national institutions versus the consensual international dimension of research, and employ a variety of coping strategies to deal with this setting. Likewise, the higher education system itself is at crossroads. The outcomes, more broadly, inform on-going and future university reforms and associated higher education policy shifts in African and Arab contexts from the backdrop of transforming societies' transition into knowledge economies. Leonie Schoelen, PhD is research associate at the University of Johannesburg and higher education expert. With an academic background in international relations, sociology and education sciences, she has worked on a freelance basis with various International cooperation projects, among others, supporting the Pan-African University (PAU) Institute for Water and Energy Sciences (including Climate Change) in Algeria, and the PAU Rectorate in Cameroon, focusing on student affairs, process management, quality assurance and strategic planning. Previously, she held the position of PostDoc fellow at the Cape Peninsula University of Technology, South Africa, in which framework she analysed internationalisation policies. She currently works for the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) as senior desk officer in charge of binational universities in North Africa and the Middle East, while continuing to publish and participate actively in academia. 30 00 Arab and African states have seen an unprecedented expansion in tertiary education in recent times, both in terms of number of students and institutions. While this development allows for more equity in access, it goes along with a novel impact, induced by the confrontation with global trends, and the resulting necessity to align or not. The empirical study in the field of higher education research addresses the following question: Which implications does the degree of the Algerian higher education system nationalisation as well as internationalisation orientation have on institutional development as well as individual practices? Findings indicate that Algerian academics are faced with a situation of personal oscillation in engaging in research, as a consequence of the ambivalent environment of national institutions versus the consensual international dimension of research, and employ a variety of coping strategies to deal with this setting. Likewise, the higher education system itself is at crossroads. The outcomes, more broadly, inform on-going and future university reforms and associated higher education policy shifts in African and Arab contexts from the backdrop of transforming societies' transition into knowledge economies. Leonie Schoelen, PhD is research associate at the University of Johannesburg and higher education expert. With an academic background in international relations, sociology and education sciences, she has worked on a freelance basis with various International cooperation projects, among others, supporting the Pan-African University (PAU) Institute for Water and Energy Sciences (including Climate Change) in Algeria, and the PAU Rectorate in Cameroon, focusing on student affairs, process management, quality assurance and strategic planning. Previously, she held the position of PostDoc fellow at the Cape Peninsula University of Technology, South Africa, in which framework she analysed internationalisation policies. She currently works for the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) as senior desk officer in charge of binational universities in North Africa and the Middle East, while continuing to publish and participate actively in academia. 04 00 1. Rationale Relevance and Ambiguity of Academic Freedom 2. Historical and Political Context 3. Algerian Higher Education System Development 4. Ambivalences through Personal Oscillations 5. Academics’ Voices Coping Strategies and Motivations for Research Activity 6. Implications for Higher Education Policy in the Arab World and Global South 7. From Ambivalences to Hybridisation 20 00 Open Access 01 00 03 02 https://books.ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/10.36615/9781776489947_frontcover.jpg UJ Press 01 URL https://ujpress.uj.ac.za 01 UJ Press 01 Publisher's website: home page https://ujpress.uj.ac.za/ 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/276 Johannesburg 04 01 20241017 Leonie Schoelen 02 WORLD 06 15 9781776489930 06 15 9781776489947 06 15 9781776489954 WORLD 09 UJ Press 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this product https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/276 29 Publisher's website: download the title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/view/276/926/3856 20 08 20241017 01 urn:uuid:5d8f2590-cd1b-45cd-a6bf-493d35f40ff1 03 01 01 thoth-work-id urn:uuid:46ccf028-5b42-40bf-88ae-e17697a62889 01 thoth-publication-id urn:uuid:5d8f2590-cd1b-45cd-a6bf-493d35f40ff1 15 9781776489954 06 10.36615/9781776489947 00 EB E101 10 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 01 01 Algeria Challenges and Chances in Global Higher Education 1 A01 21 0000-0002-1637-2533 Leonie Schoelen Leonie Schoelen 01 eng 00 172 03 20 Academic freedom 20 Algeria 20 Coping Strategies 10 EDU001030 93 GTQ 20 Higher Education 01 06 02 00 Arab and African states have seen an unprecedented expansion in tertiary education in recent times, both in terms of number of students and institutions. 03 00 Arab and African states have seen an unprecedented expansion in tertiary education in recent times, both in terms of number of students and institutions. While this development allows for more equity in access, it goes along with a novel impact, induced by the confrontation with global trends, and the resulting necessity to align or not. The empirical study in the field of higher education research addresses the following question: Which implications does the degree of the Algerian higher education system nationalisation as well as internationalisation orientation have on institutional development as well as individual practices? Findings indicate that Algerian academics are faced with a situation of personal oscillation in engaging in research, as a consequence of the ambivalent environment of national institutions versus the consensual international dimension of research, and employ a variety of coping strategies to deal with this setting. Likewise, the higher education system itself is at crossroads. The outcomes, more broadly, inform on-going and future university reforms and associated higher education policy shifts in African and Arab contexts from the backdrop of transforming societies' transition into knowledge economies. Leonie Schoelen, PhD is research associate at the University of Johannesburg and higher education expert. With an academic background in international relations, sociology and education sciences, she has worked on a freelance basis with various International cooperation projects, among others, supporting the Pan-African University (PAU) Institute for Water and Energy Sciences (including Climate Change) in Algeria, and the PAU Rectorate in Cameroon, focusing on student affairs, process management, quality assurance and strategic planning. Previously, she held the position of PostDoc fellow at the Cape Peninsula University of Technology, South Africa, in which framework she analysed internationalisation policies. She currently works for the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) as senior desk officer in charge of binational universities in North Africa and the Middle East, while continuing to publish and participate actively in academia. 30 00 Arab and African states have seen an unprecedented expansion in tertiary education in recent times, both in terms of number of students and institutions. While this development allows for more equity in access, it goes along with a novel impact, induced by the confrontation with global trends, and the resulting necessity to align or not. The empirical study in the field of higher education research addresses the following question: Which implications does the degree of the Algerian higher education system nationalisation as well as internationalisation orientation have on institutional development as well as individual practices? Findings indicate that Algerian academics are faced with a situation of personal oscillation in engaging in research, as a consequence of the ambivalent environment of national institutions versus the consensual international dimension of research, and employ a variety of coping strategies to deal with this setting. Likewise, the higher education system itself is at crossroads. The outcomes, more broadly, inform on-going and future university reforms and associated higher education policy shifts in African and Arab contexts from the backdrop of transforming societies' transition into knowledge economies. Leonie Schoelen, PhD is research associate at the University of Johannesburg and higher education expert. With an academic background in international relations, sociology and education sciences, she has worked on a freelance basis with various International cooperation projects, among others, supporting the Pan-African University (PAU) Institute for Water and Energy Sciences (including Climate Change) in Algeria, and the PAU Rectorate in Cameroon, focusing on student affairs, process management, quality assurance and strategic planning. Previously, she held the position of PostDoc fellow at the Cape Peninsula University of Technology, South Africa, in which framework she analysed internationalisation policies. She currently works for the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) as senior desk officer in charge of binational universities in North Africa and the Middle East, while continuing to publish and participate actively in academia. 04 00 1. Rationale Relevance and Ambiguity of Academic Freedom 2. Historical and Political Context 3. Algerian Higher Education System Development 4. Ambivalences through Personal Oscillations 5. Academics’ Voices Coping Strategies and Motivations for Research Activity 6. Implications for Higher Education Policy in the Arab World and Global South 7. From Ambivalences to Hybridisation 20 00 Open Access 01 00 03 02 https://books.ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/10.36615/9781776489947_frontcover.jpg UJ Press 01 URL https://ujpress.uj.ac.za 01 UJ Press 01 Publisher's website: home page https://ujpress.uj.ac.za/ 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/276 Johannesburg 04 01 20241017 Leonie Schoelen 02 WORLD 06 15 9781776489930 06 15 9781776489947 06 15 9781776489961 WORLD 09 UJ Press 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this product https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/276 29 Publisher's website: download the title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/view/276/925/3855 20 08 20241017 01 urn:uuid:08af6821-8f4c-4cf0-9e44-4f3d9e2ae5bf 03 01 01 thoth-work-id urn:uuid:f9dae6e8-d882-4f47-8109-8ec9f04a69c8 01 thoth-publication-id urn:uuid:08af6821-8f4c-4cf0-9e44-4f3d9e2ae5bf 15 9781776425679 06 10.36615/9781776425686 00 BC 10 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 01 01 A Long Walk to Purgatory The Tales of Dante & Mashudu 1 A01 Chariklia Martalas Chariklia Martalas 40 03rp50x72 University of the Witwatersrand 01 eng 00 108 03 20 Dante 10 PER011050 20 Play 20 Purgatory 20 South Africa 01 06 02 00 A Long Walk to Purgatory is a play that places Dante in the South African context. 03 00 A Long Walk to Purgatory is a play that places Dante in the South African context. It works with the idea that dead poets must guide living poets through the afterlife on a journey of poetic reckoning. It is now Dante's turn to guide a poet, as he was once guided by Virgil. Dante comes to meet Mashudu, a South African poet in her Dark Wood. He comes to take her through Inferno and Purgatory where she meets South African characters along the way including Jan Van Riebeeck and John Dube. Driving the play is the notion that poets need to know where they come from in order to play their role as aids to how a nation understands itself. This means Mashudu has to witness the truth of her context both in terms of the narrative of South Africa as a country and her own personal morality. Mashudu, guided by Dante, reckons with her understanding of South Africa's past such as with witnessing the punishment of Verwoerd, to reckoning with the country's present including a domestic abuser. Mashudu is also faced with the precariousness of her own morality when she meets an old friend in Purgatory. As the play continues, Dante becomes Mashudu's friend showing that friendship can cross centuries and contexts for poets share their role as poets no matter the society they belong to. Both Mashudu and Dante are connected by their unwavering commitment to their own moral imagination. Virgil as comic relief completes the picture as narrator, cementing the idea that the poets of the past are deeply connected to the poets of the present. Ultimately A Long Walk to Purgatory aims to show the importance of literature to both be grounded in and transcend particularities of time and place. Literature can ultimately open up a new space for us that is both informed by a context but is intrinsically connected to a wider humanity. 30 00 A Long Walk to Purgatory is a play that places Dante in the South African context. It works with the idea that dead poets must guide living poets through the afterlife on a journey of poetic reckoning. It is now Dante's turn to guide a poet, as he was once guided by Virgil. Dante comes to meet Mashudu, a South African poet in her Dark Wood. He comes to take her through Inferno and Purgatory where she meets South African characters along the way including Jan Van Riebeeck and John Dube. Driving the play is the notion that poets need to know where they come from in order to play their role as aids to how a nation understands itself. This means Mashudu has to witness the truth of her context both in terms of the narrative of South Africa as a country and her own personal morality. Mashudu, guided by Dante, reckons with her understanding of South Africa's past such as with witnessing the punishment of Verwoerd, to reckoning with the country's present including a domestic abuser. Mashudu is also faced with the precariousness of her own morality when she meets an old friend in Purgatory. As the play continues, Dante becomes Mashudu's friend showing that friendship can cross centuries and contexts for poets share their role as poets no matter the society they belong to. Both Mashudu and Dante are connected by their unwavering commitment to their own moral imagination. Virgil as comic relief completes the picture as narrator, cementing the idea that the poets of the past are deeply connected to the poets of the present. Ultimately A Long Walk to Purgatory aims to show the importance of literature to both be grounded in and transcend particularities of time and place. Literature can ultimately open up a new space for us that is both informed by a context but is intrinsically connected to a wider humanity. 04 00 Part One: Inferno Chariklia Martalas Part Two: Purgatory Chariklia Martalas 20 00 Open Access 01 00 03 02 https://books.ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/10.36615/9781776425686_frontcover.jpg UJ Press 01 URL https://ujpress.uj.ac.za 01 UJ Press 01 Publisher's website: home page https://ujpress.uj.ac.za/ 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/131 Johannesburg 04 01 20230224 Chariklia Martalas 02 WORLD 06 15 9781776425686 06 15 9781776434107 06 15 9781776425693 WORLD 11 Unknown 36 Unspecified hosting platform: webpage for this product https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/131 29 Unspecified hosting platform: download the title https://www.amazon.com/dp/1776425677 20 08 20230224 02 175.00 ZAR WORLD urn:uuid:5a01c3ed-366b-4c4c-8666-ca804410adef 03 01 01 thoth-work-id urn:uuid:f9dae6e8-d882-4f47-8109-8ec9f04a69c8 01 thoth-publication-id urn:uuid:5a01c3ed-366b-4c4c-8666-ca804410adef 15 9781776425686 06 10.36615/9781776425686 00 EB E107 10 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 01 01 A Long Walk to Purgatory The Tales of Dante & Mashudu 1 A01 Chariklia Martalas Chariklia Martalas 40 03rp50x72 University of the Witwatersrand 01 eng 00 108 03 20 Dante 10 PER011050 20 Play 20 Purgatory 20 South Africa 01 06 02 00 A Long Walk to Purgatory is a play that places Dante in the South African context. 03 00 A Long Walk to Purgatory is a play that places Dante in the South African context. It works with the idea that dead poets must guide living poets through the afterlife on a journey of poetic reckoning. It is now Dante's turn to guide a poet, as he was once guided by Virgil. Dante comes to meet Mashudu, a South African poet in her Dark Wood. He comes to take her through Inferno and Purgatory where she meets South African characters along the way including Jan Van Riebeeck and John Dube. Driving the play is the notion that poets need to know where they come from in order to play their role as aids to how a nation understands itself. This means Mashudu has to witness the truth of her context both in terms of the narrative of South Africa as a country and her own personal morality. Mashudu, guided by Dante, reckons with her understanding of South Africa's past such as with witnessing the punishment of Verwoerd, to reckoning with the country's present including a domestic abuser. Mashudu is also faced with the precariousness of her own morality when she meets an old friend in Purgatory. As the play continues, Dante becomes Mashudu's friend showing that friendship can cross centuries and contexts for poets share their role as poets no matter the society they belong to. Both Mashudu and Dante are connected by their unwavering commitment to their own moral imagination. Virgil as comic relief completes the picture as narrator, cementing the idea that the poets of the past are deeply connected to the poets of the present. Ultimately A Long Walk to Purgatory aims to show the importance of literature to both be grounded in and transcend particularities of time and place. Literature can ultimately open up a new space for us that is both informed by a context but is intrinsically connected to a wider humanity. 30 00 A Long Walk to Purgatory is a play that places Dante in the South African context. It works with the idea that dead poets must guide living poets through the afterlife on a journey of poetic reckoning. It is now Dante's turn to guide a poet, as he was once guided by Virgil. Dante comes to meet Mashudu, a South African poet in her Dark Wood. He comes to take her through Inferno and Purgatory where she meets South African characters along the way including Jan Van Riebeeck and John Dube. Driving the play is the notion that poets need to know where they come from in order to play their role as aids to how a nation understands itself. This means Mashudu has to witness the truth of her context both in terms of the narrative of South Africa as a country and her own personal morality. Mashudu, guided by Dante, reckons with her understanding of South Africa's past such as with witnessing the punishment of Verwoerd, to reckoning with the country's present including a domestic abuser. Mashudu is also faced with the precariousness of her own morality when she meets an old friend in Purgatory. As the play continues, Dante becomes Mashudu's friend showing that friendship can cross centuries and contexts for poets share their role as poets no matter the society they belong to. Both Mashudu and Dante are connected by their unwavering commitment to their own moral imagination. Virgil as comic relief completes the picture as narrator, cementing the idea that the poets of the past are deeply connected to the poets of the present. Ultimately A Long Walk to Purgatory aims to show the importance of literature to both be grounded in and transcend particularities of time and place. Literature can ultimately open up a new space for us that is both informed by a context but is intrinsically connected to a wider humanity. 04 00 Part One: Inferno Chariklia Martalas Part Two: Purgatory Chariklia Martalas 20 00 Open Access 01 00 03 02 https://books.ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/10.36615/9781776425686_frontcover.jpg UJ Press 01 URL https://ujpress.uj.ac.za 01 UJ Press 01 Publisher's website: home page https://ujpress.uj.ac.za/ 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/131 Johannesburg 04 01 20230224 Chariklia Martalas 02 WORLD 06 15 9781776425679 06 15 9781776434107 06 15 9781776425693 WORLD 11 OAPEN 36 OAPEN: webpage for this product https://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/61677 29 OAPEN: download the title https://library.oapen.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.12657/61677/document.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y 20 08 20230224 01 11 DOAB 36 DOAB: webpage for this product https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/98244 20 08 20230224 01 11 Unknown 36 Unspecified hosting platform: webpage for this product https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/131 29 Unspecified hosting platform: download the title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/view/131/458/1452 20 08 20230224 01 11 THOTH 36 THOTH: webpage for this product https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/131 29 THOTH: download the title https://books.ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/10.36615/9781776425686.pdf 20 08 20230224 01 urn:uuid:d7278dc7-7485-4dbd-9fda-3fa252220e9a 03 01 01 thoth-work-id urn:uuid:f9dae6e8-d882-4f47-8109-8ec9f04a69c8 01 thoth-publication-id urn:uuid:d7278dc7-7485-4dbd-9fda-3fa252220e9a 15 9781776434107 06 10.36615/9781776425686 00 EB E113 10 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 01 01 A Long Walk to Purgatory The Tales of Dante & Mashudu 1 A01 Chariklia Martalas Chariklia Martalas 40 03rp50x72 University of the Witwatersrand 01 eng 00 108 03 20 Dante 10 PER011050 20 Play 20 Purgatory 20 South Africa 01 06 02 00 A Long Walk to Purgatory is a play that places Dante in the South African context. 03 00 A Long Walk to Purgatory is a play that places Dante in the South African context. It works with the idea that dead poets must guide living poets through the afterlife on a journey of poetic reckoning. It is now Dante's turn to guide a poet, as he was once guided by Virgil. Dante comes to meet Mashudu, a South African poet in her Dark Wood. He comes to take her through Inferno and Purgatory where she meets South African characters along the way including Jan Van Riebeeck and John Dube. Driving the play is the notion that poets need to know where they come from in order to play their role as aids to how a nation understands itself. This means Mashudu has to witness the truth of her context both in terms of the narrative of South Africa as a country and her own personal morality. Mashudu, guided by Dante, reckons with her understanding of South Africa's past such as with witnessing the punishment of Verwoerd, to reckoning with the country's present including a domestic abuser. Mashudu is also faced with the precariousness of her own morality when she meets an old friend in Purgatory. As the play continues, Dante becomes Mashudu's friend showing that friendship can cross centuries and contexts for poets share their role as poets no matter the society they belong to. Both Mashudu and Dante are connected by their unwavering commitment to their own moral imagination. Virgil as comic relief completes the picture as narrator, cementing the idea that the poets of the past are deeply connected to the poets of the present. Ultimately A Long Walk to Purgatory aims to show the importance of literature to both be grounded in and transcend particularities of time and place. Literature can ultimately open up a new space for us that is both informed by a context but is intrinsically connected to a wider humanity. 30 00 A Long Walk to Purgatory is a play that places Dante in the South African context. It works with the idea that dead poets must guide living poets through the afterlife on a journey of poetic reckoning. It is now Dante's turn to guide a poet, as he was once guided by Virgil. Dante comes to meet Mashudu, a South African poet in her Dark Wood. He comes to take her through Inferno and Purgatory where she meets South African characters along the way including Jan Van Riebeeck and John Dube. Driving the play is the notion that poets need to know where they come from in order to play their role as aids to how a nation understands itself. This means Mashudu has to witness the truth of her context both in terms of the narrative of South Africa as a country and her own personal morality. Mashudu, guided by Dante, reckons with her understanding of South Africa's past such as with witnessing the punishment of Verwoerd, to reckoning with the country's present including a domestic abuser. Mashudu is also faced with the precariousness of her own morality when she meets an old friend in Purgatory. As the play continues, Dante becomes Mashudu's friend showing that friendship can cross centuries and contexts for poets share their role as poets no matter the society they belong to. Both Mashudu and Dante are connected by their unwavering commitment to their own moral imagination. Virgil as comic relief completes the picture as narrator, cementing the idea that the poets of the past are deeply connected to the poets of the present. Ultimately A Long Walk to Purgatory aims to show the importance of literature to both be grounded in and transcend particularities of time and place. Literature can ultimately open up a new space for us that is both informed by a context but is intrinsically connected to a wider humanity. 04 00 Part One: Inferno Chariklia Martalas Part Two: Purgatory Chariklia Martalas 20 00 Open Access 01 00 03 02 https://books.ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/10.36615/9781776425686_frontcover.jpg UJ Press 01 URL https://ujpress.uj.ac.za 01 UJ Press 01 Publisher's website: home page https://ujpress.uj.ac.za/ 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/131 Johannesburg 04 01 20230224 Chariklia Martalas 02 WORLD 06 15 9781776425679 06 15 9781776425686 06 15 9781776425693 WORLD 11 Unknown 36 Unspecified hosting platform: webpage for this product https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/131 29 Unspecified hosting platform: download the title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/view/131/460/1454 20 08 20230224 01 urn:uuid:6256c2d2-27db-4a4e-be44-81fd9af6f84f 03 01 01 thoth-work-id urn:uuid:f9dae6e8-d882-4f47-8109-8ec9f04a69c8 01 thoth-publication-id urn:uuid:6256c2d2-27db-4a4e-be44-81fd9af6f84f 15 9781776425693 06 10.36615/9781776425686 00 EB E101 10 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 01 01 A Long Walk to Purgatory The Tales of Dante & Mashudu 1 A01 Chariklia Martalas Chariklia Martalas 40 03rp50x72 University of the Witwatersrand 01 eng 00 108 03 20 Dante 10 PER011050 20 Play 20 Purgatory 20 South Africa 01 06 02 00 A Long Walk to Purgatory is a play that places Dante in the South African context. 03 00 A Long Walk to Purgatory is a play that places Dante in the South African context. It works with the idea that dead poets must guide living poets through the afterlife on a journey of poetic reckoning. It is now Dante's turn to guide a poet, as he was once guided by Virgil. Dante comes to meet Mashudu, a South African poet in her Dark Wood. He comes to take her through Inferno and Purgatory where she meets South African characters along the way including Jan Van Riebeeck and John Dube. Driving the play is the notion that poets need to know where they come from in order to play their role as aids to how a nation understands itself. This means Mashudu has to witness the truth of her context both in terms of the narrative of South Africa as a country and her own personal morality. Mashudu, guided by Dante, reckons with her understanding of South Africa's past such as with witnessing the punishment of Verwoerd, to reckoning with the country's present including a domestic abuser. Mashudu is also faced with the precariousness of her own morality when she meets an old friend in Purgatory. As the play continues, Dante becomes Mashudu's friend showing that friendship can cross centuries and contexts for poets share their role as poets no matter the society they belong to. Both Mashudu and Dante are connected by their unwavering commitment to their own moral imagination. Virgil as comic relief completes the picture as narrator, cementing the idea that the poets of the past are deeply connected to the poets of the present. Ultimately A Long Walk to Purgatory aims to show the importance of literature to both be grounded in and transcend particularities of time and place. Literature can ultimately open up a new space for us that is both informed by a context but is intrinsically connected to a wider humanity. 30 00 A Long Walk to Purgatory is a play that places Dante in the South African context. It works with the idea that dead poets must guide living poets through the afterlife on a journey of poetic reckoning. It is now Dante's turn to guide a poet, as he was once guided by Virgil. Dante comes to meet Mashudu, a South African poet in her Dark Wood. He comes to take her through Inferno and Purgatory where she meets South African characters along the way including Jan Van Riebeeck and John Dube. Driving the play is the notion that poets need to know where they come from in order to play their role as aids to how a nation understands itself. This means Mashudu has to witness the truth of her context both in terms of the narrative of South Africa as a country and her own personal morality. Mashudu, guided by Dante, reckons with her understanding of South Africa's past such as with witnessing the punishment of Verwoerd, to reckoning with the country's present including a domestic abuser. Mashudu is also faced with the precariousness of her own morality when she meets an old friend in Purgatory. As the play continues, Dante becomes Mashudu's friend showing that friendship can cross centuries and contexts for poets share their role as poets no matter the society they belong to. Both Mashudu and Dante are connected by their unwavering commitment to their own moral imagination. Virgil as comic relief completes the picture as narrator, cementing the idea that the poets of the past are deeply connected to the poets of the present. Ultimately A Long Walk to Purgatory aims to show the importance of literature to both be grounded in and transcend particularities of time and place. Literature can ultimately open up a new space for us that is both informed by a context but is intrinsically connected to a wider humanity. 04 00 Part One: Inferno Chariklia Martalas Part Two: Purgatory Chariklia Martalas 20 00 Open Access 01 00 03 02 https://books.ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/10.36615/9781776425686_frontcover.jpg UJ Press 01 URL https://ujpress.uj.ac.za 01 UJ Press 01 Publisher's website: home page https://ujpress.uj.ac.za/ 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/131 Johannesburg 04 01 20230224 Chariklia Martalas 02 WORLD 06 15 9781776425679 06 15 9781776425686 06 15 9781776434107 WORLD 11 Unknown 36 Unspecified hosting platform: webpage for this product https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/131 29 Unspecified hosting platform: download the title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/view/131/459/1453 20 08 20230224 01 urn:uuid:1610cac0-0b2a-49d7-b101-99edff026b2c 03 01 01 thoth-work-id urn:uuid:389adef6-bab0-4edf-a2b0-860f172893d7 01 thoth-publication-id urn:uuid:1610cac0-0b2a-49d7-b101-99edff026b2c 15 9781928424727 06 10.18820/9781928424734 00 BC 10 01 228 mm 01 22.8 cm 01 8.98 in 02 152 mm 02 15.2 cm 02 5.98 in 03 12 mm 03 1.2 cm 03 0.47 in Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 01 01 A Passage of Nostalgia The Life and Work of Jacobus Kloppers 1 B01 21 0000-0003-4395-8182 Martina Viljoen Martina Viljoen 40 009xwd568 University of the Free State Associate Professor in Musicology at the Odeion School of Music 01 eng 00 366 03 93 AV 20 Compositions 20 Dialetics 10 MUS001000 20 Musicology 20 Organ Oeuvre 20 Philosophical Paradigm 20 Sonata Form 20 Stylistic Influences 01 06 02 00 These proceedings are the outcome of internacollaboration between Southern African and internationaltional scholars. 03 00 These proceedings are the outcome of internacollaboration between Southern African and internationaltional scholars. As such, it is a valuable resource to local as well as international scholars who are interested in the interdisciplinary field of toponomy. 30 00 These proceedings are the outcome of internacollaboration between Southern African and internationaltional scholars. As such, it is a valuable resource to local as well as international scholars who are interested in the interdisciplinary field of toponomy. 04 00 1. Jacobus Joubert Krige Kloppers Martina Viljoen, Eljee Du Plooy 2. Jacobus Kloppers and his teaching of Musicology A history and impressions Charles Stolte 3. Reflections on the philosophical paradigm underlying the Musicology of Jacobus Kloppers Danie Strauss 4. Stylistic Influences in Kloppers’ organ oeuvre Martina Viljoen, Jan Beukes, Nicol Viljoen 5. Dialectics and Sonata Form in the Dialectic Fantasy Luzanne Eigelaar, Matildie Wium 6. For JJKK Reminiscence as Being – and Reflections on Jacobus Kloppers’ Reflections for Piano Izak Grové 20 00 Open Access 01 00 03 02 https://books.ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/10.18820/9781928424734_frontcover.jpg UJ Press 01 URL https://ujpress.uj.ac.za 01 UJ Press 01 Publisher's website: home page https://ujpress.uj.ac.za/ 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/38 Johannesburg 04 01 20201220 Martina Viljoen 02 WORLD WORLD 09 UJ Press 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this product https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/38 29 Publisher's website: download the title https://www.takealot.com/a-passage-of-nostalgia/PLID71786065 20 08 20201220 02 475.00 ZAR WORLD urn:uuid:152a8e47-9795-4c32-ad8a-a4534fe4b9d3 03 01 01 thoth-work-id urn:uuid:67cf0ae8-c488-484c-9a9d-4ed4d47db326 01 thoth-publication-id urn:uuid:152a8e47-9795-4c32-ad8a-a4534fe4b9d3 15 9780906785782 06 10.36615/9780906785799 00 BC 10 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 01 01 Aristotle in Africa Ethics and the African Philosophical Tradition 1 A01 21 0000-0002-6804-3731 Patrick Giddy Patrick Giddy 01 eng 00 322 03 20 ethics 93 JPA 10 POL053000 20 African Philosophical Tradition 20 Aristotle 20 Africa 01 06 02 00 How best to bring the genius of African traditional philosophy into dialogue with the European and global traditions of thought? The philosophy of Aristotle – ‘baptised’ by medieval Christian philosopher Thomas Aquinas – has been formative in premodern European thought. Now this frame of thinking, predating the skepticism and relativism that has ac 03 00 How best to bring the genius of African traditional philosophy into dialogue with the European and global traditions of thought? The philosophy of Aristotle – ‘baptised’ by medieval Christian philosopher Thomas Aquinas – has been formative in premodern European thought. Now this frame of thinking, predating the skepticism and relativism that has accompanied the culture of modernity, has been re-expressed in a contemporary vein by Bernard Lonergan and Alasdair MacIntyre. Patrick Giddy shows how the critical realism of Lonergan (d. 1984) and the communitarian ethic of MacIntyre (d. 2025) – both counter-cultural thinkers – are in tune with the African traditional understanding of the world. Aristotle, he argues, ‘belongs’ to Africa.Refereeing Giddy’s PhD thesis, Ethics and Human Nature (1994) MacIntyre commented, “this is the best account I have read of my philosophy”. In Aristotle in Africa, Giddy brings the Aristotelian tradition to bear on fundamental topics in African thought and applies these ideas to various areas of ethics as well as to rethinking the university curriculum. 30 00 How best to bring the genius of African traditional philosophy into dialogue with the European and global traditions of thought? The philosophy of Aristotle – ‘baptised’ by medieval Christian philosopher Thomas Aquinas – has been formative in premodern European thought. Now this frame of thinking, predating the skepticism and relativism that has accompanied the culture of modernity, has been re-expressed in a contemporary vein by Bernard Lonergan and Alasdair MacIntyre. Patrick Giddy shows how the critical realism of Lonergan (d. 1984) and the communitarian ethic of MacIntyre (d. 2025) – both counter-cultural thinkers – are in tune with the African traditional understanding of the world. Aristotle, he argues, ‘belongs’ to Africa.Refereeing Giddy’s PhD thesis, Ethics and Human Nature (1994) MacIntyre commented, “this is the best account I have read of my philosophy”. In Aristotle in Africa, Giddy brings the Aristotelian tradition to bear on fundamental topics in African thought and applies these ideas to various areas of ethics as well as to rethinking the university curriculum. 04 00 Introduction. Towards a Fruitful Dialogue Being a Person in the Context of African Traditional Thought Basic Intuitions in African Ethics African Traditional Philosophy of Mind Facilitating a Dialogue ‘Differentiation of Consciousness’ A Conceptual Tool for Unpacking African Traditional Thought A Communitarian Framing of the Liberal Ideal Virtues in a Post-traditional Society African Environmental Ethics: Beyond the Impasse Tradition, Modernity and the Virtues in Music Professionals The Example of Amakwaya Character and Professionalism in the Context of Developing Countries - a Debate about Mercenaries Secular Public Policy and the African Ecclesial Response The African University and the Social Sciences Traditional-Religious Knowledge in Humanising Education Teaching Philosophy and Religion Can African Traditional Culture Offer Something of Value? The Idea of African Scholarship ‘Philosophy for Children’ in Africa 20 00 Open Access 01 00 03 02 https://books.ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/10.36615/9780906785799_frontcover.jpg UJ Press 01 URL https://ujpress.uj.ac.za 01 UJ Press 01 Publisher's website: home page https://ujpress.uj.ac.za/ 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/305 Johannesburg 04 01 20250626 Patrick Giddy 02 WORLD 06 15 9780906785799 06 15 9780906785812 06 15 9780906785805 34 01 Unstructured citation Publications by Patrick Giddy 34 01 Unstructured citation Philosophy for Africa: Another View. Social Dynamics, 21:117-131. https://doi.org/10.1080/02533959508458593 34 01 Unstructured citation The African University and the Social Sciences: The Contribution of Lonergan’s Epistemological Theory. Method: Journal of Lonergan Studies, 14:133-153. https://doi.org/10.5840/method19961422 34 01 Unstructured citation A Communitarian Framework for Liberal Social Practices? South African Journal of Philosophy, 16:150-157. 34 01 Unstructured citation African Traditional Thought and Growth in Personal Unity. International Philosophical Quarterly, 42:315-327. https://doi.org/10.5840/ipq200242324 34 01 Unstructured citation Does the Growth of Science in a Culture Necessarily Undermine the Tradition? In: A Shutte (ed) The Quest for Humanity in Science and Religion, 168-197. Pietermaritzburg: Cluster. 34 01 Unstructured citation [With M. Detterbeck] Questions Regarding Tradition and Modernity in Contemporary Amakwaya Practice. Transformation, 59: 26-44. https://doi.org/10.1353/trn.2005.0048 34 01 Unstructured citation Does Character Matter? Guardian Values in an Age of Commerce. Theoria 113, 53-75. https://doi.org/10.3167/th.2007.5411304 34 01 Unstructured citation Objectivity and Subjectivity: Rethinking the Philosophy Syllabus. South African Journal of Philosophy 28, 359-376. https://doi.org/10.4314/sajpem.v28i4.52981 34 01 Unstructured citation Special Divine Action and How to do Philosophy of Religion. South African Journal of Philosophy 30, 143-154. https://doi.org/10.4314/sajpem.v30i2.67775 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Philosophy for Children’ in Africa: Developing a framework. South African Journal of Education, 32: 15-25. https://doi.org/10.15700/saje.v32n1a554 34 01 Unstructured citation The ideal of African scholarship and its implications for introductory philosophy: The example of Placide Tempels. South African Journal of Philosophy 31:504-516.https://doi.org/10.1080/02580136.2012.10751790 34 01 Unstructured citation Can African Traditional Culture Offer Something of Value to Global Approaches in Teaching Philosophy? Acta Academica, 45:154-172. https://doi.org/10.38140/aa.v45i4.1421 34 01 Unstructured citation Human Agency and Weakness of Will: A Neo-Thomist Discussion. South African journal of philosophy 35:197-209. https://doi.org/10.1080/02580136.2016.1167346 34 01 Unstructured citation Is the Essence of Christianity a Disenchanted World? A Critical Discussion of Marcel Gauchet. South African Journal of Philosophy, 38:313-329. https://doi.org/10.1080/02580136.2019.1655313 34 01 Unstructured citation Solidarity at Issue: Pandemics and Religious Belief. Phronimon 21 (15 pages). https://doi.org/10.25159/2413-3086/8568 34 01 Unstructured citation Decolonizing the African Churches in the Context of Secular Public Policy. In: Barreto R and V Latinovic (eds) Decolonial Horizons. Reshaping Synodality, Mission and Social Justice, 241-260. 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An Appeal for Morality. Cape Town: Tafelberg. WORLD 09 UJ Press 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this product https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/305 29 Publisher's website: download the title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/305 20 08 20250626 02 375.00 ZAR WORLD urn:uuid:265a27f2-d583-4769-9c60-0e825554485e 03 01 01 thoth-work-id urn:uuid:67cf0ae8-c488-484c-9a9d-4ed4d47db326 01 thoth-publication-id urn:uuid:265a27f2-d583-4769-9c60-0e825554485e 15 9780906785799 06 10.36615/9780906785799 00 EB E107 10 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 01 01 Aristotle in Africa Ethics and the African Philosophical Tradition 1 A01 21 0000-0002-6804-3731 Patrick Giddy Patrick Giddy 01 eng 00 322 03 20 ethics 93 JPA 10 POL053000 20 African Philosophical Tradition 20 Aristotle 20 Africa 01 06 02 00 How best to bring the genius of African traditional philosophy into dialogue with the European and global traditions of thought? The philosophy of Aristotle – ‘baptised’ by medieval Christian philosopher Thomas Aquinas – has been formative in premodern European thought. Now this frame of thinking, predating the skepticism and relativism that has ac 03 00 How best to bring the genius of African traditional philosophy into dialogue with the European and global traditions of thought? The philosophy of Aristotle – ‘baptised’ by medieval Christian philosopher Thomas Aquinas – has been formative in premodern European thought. Now this frame of thinking, predating the skepticism and relativism that has accompanied the culture of modernity, has been re-expressed in a contemporary vein by Bernard Lonergan and Alasdair MacIntyre. Patrick Giddy shows how the critical realism of Lonergan (d. 1984) and the communitarian ethic of MacIntyre (d. 2025) – both counter-cultural thinkers – are in tune with the African traditional understanding of the world. Aristotle, he argues, ‘belongs’ to Africa.Refereeing Giddy’s PhD thesis, Ethics and Human Nature (1994) MacIntyre commented, “this is the best account I have read of my philosophy”. In Aristotle in Africa, Giddy brings the Aristotelian tradition to bear on fundamental topics in African thought and applies these ideas to various areas of ethics as well as to rethinking the university curriculum. 30 00 How best to bring the genius of African traditional philosophy into dialogue with the European and global traditions of thought? The philosophy of Aristotle – ‘baptised’ by medieval Christian philosopher Thomas Aquinas – has been formative in premodern European thought. Now this frame of thinking, predating the skepticism and relativism that has accompanied the culture of modernity, has been re-expressed in a contemporary vein by Bernard Lonergan and Alasdair MacIntyre. Patrick Giddy shows how the critical realism of Lonergan (d. 1984) and the communitarian ethic of MacIntyre (d. 2025) – both counter-cultural thinkers – are in tune with the African traditional understanding of the world. Aristotle, he argues, ‘belongs’ to Africa.Refereeing Giddy’s PhD thesis, Ethics and Human Nature (1994) MacIntyre commented, “this is the best account I have read of my philosophy”. In Aristotle in Africa, Giddy brings the Aristotelian tradition to bear on fundamental topics in African thought and applies these ideas to various areas of ethics as well as to rethinking the university curriculum. 04 00 Introduction. Towards a Fruitful Dialogue Being a Person in the Context of African Traditional Thought Basic Intuitions in African Ethics African Traditional Philosophy of Mind Facilitating a Dialogue ‘Differentiation of Consciousness’ A Conceptual Tool for Unpacking African Traditional Thought A Communitarian Framing of the Liberal Ideal Virtues in a Post-traditional Society African Environmental Ethics: Beyond the Impasse Tradition, Modernity and the Virtues in Music Professionals The Example of Amakwaya Character and Professionalism in the Context of Developing Countries - a Debate about Mercenaries Secular Public Policy and the African Ecclesial Response The African University and the Social Sciences Traditional-Religious Knowledge in Humanising Education Teaching Philosophy and Religion Can African Traditional Culture Offer Something of Value? The Idea of African Scholarship ‘Philosophy for Children’ in Africa 20 00 Open Access 01 00 03 02 https://books.ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/10.36615/9780906785799_frontcover.jpg UJ Press 01 URL https://ujpress.uj.ac.za 01 UJ Press 01 Publisher's website: home page https://ujpress.uj.ac.za/ 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/305 Johannesburg 04 01 20250626 Patrick Giddy 02 WORLD 06 15 9780906785782 06 15 9780906785812 06 15 9780906785805 34 01 Unstructured citation Publications by Patrick Giddy 34 01 Unstructured citation Philosophy for Africa: Another View. Social Dynamics, 21:117-131. https://doi.org/10.1080/02533959508458593 34 01 Unstructured citation The African University and the Social Sciences: The Contribution of Lonergan’s Epistemological Theory. Method: Journal of Lonergan Studies, 14:133-153. https://doi.org/10.5840/method19961422 34 01 Unstructured citation A Communitarian Framework for Liberal Social Practices? South African Journal of Philosophy, 16:150-157. 34 01 Unstructured citation African Traditional Thought and Growth in Personal Unity. International Philosophical Quarterly, 42:315-327. https://doi.org/10.5840/ipq200242324 34 01 Unstructured citation Does the Growth of Science in a Culture Necessarily Undermine the Tradition? In: A Shutte (ed) The Quest for Humanity in Science and Religion, 168-197. Pietermaritzburg: Cluster. 34 01 Unstructured citation [With M. Detterbeck] Questions Regarding Tradition and Modernity in Contemporary Amakwaya Practice. Transformation, 59: 26-44. https://doi.org/10.1353/trn.2005.0048 34 01 Unstructured citation Does Character Matter? Guardian Values in an Age of Commerce. Theoria 113, 53-75. https://doi.org/10.3167/th.2007.5411304 34 01 Unstructured citation Objectivity and Subjectivity: Rethinking the Philosophy Syllabus. South African Journal of Philosophy 28, 359-376. https://doi.org/10.4314/sajpem.v28i4.52981 34 01 Unstructured citation Special Divine Action and How to do Philosophy of Religion. South African Journal of Philosophy 30, 143-154. https://doi.org/10.4314/sajpem.v30i2.67775 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Philosophy for Children’ in Africa: Developing a framework. South African Journal of Education, 32: 15-25. https://doi.org/10.15700/saje.v32n1a554 34 01 Unstructured citation The ideal of African scholarship and its implications for introductory philosophy: The example of Placide Tempels. South African Journal of Philosophy 31:504-516.https://doi.org/10.1080/02580136.2012.10751790 34 01 Unstructured citation Can African Traditional Culture Offer Something of Value to Global Approaches in Teaching Philosophy? Acta Academica, 45:154-172. https://doi.org/10.38140/aa.v45i4.1421 34 01 Unstructured citation Human Agency and Weakness of Will: A Neo-Thomist Discussion. South African journal of philosophy 35:197-209. https://doi.org/10.1080/02580136.2016.1167346 34 01 Unstructured citation Is the Essence of Christianity a Disenchanted World? A Critical Discussion of Marcel Gauchet. South African Journal of Philosophy, 38:313-329. https://doi.org/10.1080/02580136.2019.1655313 34 01 Unstructured citation Solidarity at Issue: Pandemics and Religious Belief. Phronimon 21 (15 pages). https://doi.org/10.25159/2413-3086/8568 34 01 Unstructured citation Decolonizing the African Churches in the Context of Secular Public Policy. In: Barreto R and V Latinovic (eds) Decolonial Horizons. Reshaping Synodality, Mission and Social Justice, 241-260. 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WORLD 11 OAPEN 36 OAPEN: webpage for this product https://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/104315 29 OAPEN: download the title https://library.oapen.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.12657/104315/9780906785799.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y 20 08 20250626 01 11 DOAB 36 DOAB: webpage for this product https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/163182 20 08 20250626 01 09 UJ Press 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this product https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/305 29 Publisher's website: download the title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/view/305/1198/4865 20 08 20250626 01 11 THOTH 36 THOTH: webpage for this product https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/305 29 THOTH: download the title https://books.ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/10.36615/9780906785799.pdf 20 08 20250626 01 urn:uuid:ecab7571-e6e0-4428-bb80-2bfcc21bf647 03 01 01 thoth-work-id urn:uuid:67cf0ae8-c488-484c-9a9d-4ed4d47db326 01 thoth-publication-id urn:uuid:ecab7571-e6e0-4428-bb80-2bfcc21bf647 15 9780906785812 06 10.36615/9780906785799 00 EB E113 10 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 01 01 Aristotle in Africa Ethics and the African Philosophical Tradition 1 A01 21 0000-0002-6804-3731 Patrick Giddy Patrick Giddy 01 eng 00 322 03 20 ethics 93 JPA 10 POL053000 20 African Philosophical Tradition 20 Aristotle 20 Africa 01 06 02 00 How best to bring the genius of African traditional philosophy into dialogue with the European and global traditions of thought? The philosophy of Aristotle – ‘baptised’ by medieval Christian philosopher Thomas Aquinas – has been formative in premodern European thought. Now this frame of thinking, predating the skepticism and relativism that has ac 03 00 How best to bring the genius of African traditional philosophy into dialogue with the European and global traditions of thought? The philosophy of Aristotle – ‘baptised’ by medieval Christian philosopher Thomas Aquinas – has been formative in premodern European thought. Now this frame of thinking, predating the skepticism and relativism that has accompanied the culture of modernity, has been re-expressed in a contemporary vein by Bernard Lonergan and Alasdair MacIntyre. Patrick Giddy shows how the critical realism of Lonergan (d. 1984) and the communitarian ethic of MacIntyre (d. 2025) – both counter-cultural thinkers – are in tune with the African traditional understanding of the world. Aristotle, he argues, ‘belongs’ to Africa.Refereeing Giddy’s PhD thesis, Ethics and Human Nature (1994) MacIntyre commented, “this is the best account I have read of my philosophy”. In Aristotle in Africa, Giddy brings the Aristotelian tradition to bear on fundamental topics in African thought and applies these ideas to various areas of ethics as well as to rethinking the university curriculum. 30 00 How best to bring the genius of African traditional philosophy into dialogue with the European and global traditions of thought? The philosophy of Aristotle – ‘baptised’ by medieval Christian philosopher Thomas Aquinas – has been formative in premodern European thought. Now this frame of thinking, predating the skepticism and relativism that has accompanied the culture of modernity, has been re-expressed in a contemporary vein by Bernard Lonergan and Alasdair MacIntyre. Patrick Giddy shows how the critical realism of Lonergan (d. 1984) and the communitarian ethic of MacIntyre (d. 2025) – both counter-cultural thinkers – are in tune with the African traditional understanding of the world. Aristotle, he argues, ‘belongs’ to Africa.Refereeing Giddy’s PhD thesis, Ethics and Human Nature (1994) MacIntyre commented, “this is the best account I have read of my philosophy”. In Aristotle in Africa, Giddy brings the Aristotelian tradition to bear on fundamental topics in African thought and applies these ideas to various areas of ethics as well as to rethinking the university curriculum. 04 00 Introduction. Towards a Fruitful Dialogue Being a Person in the Context of African Traditional Thought Basic Intuitions in African Ethics African Traditional Philosophy of Mind Facilitating a Dialogue ‘Differentiation of Consciousness’ A Conceptual Tool for Unpacking African Traditional Thought A Communitarian Framing of the Liberal Ideal Virtues in a Post-traditional Society African Environmental Ethics: Beyond the Impasse Tradition, Modernity and the Virtues in Music Professionals The Example of Amakwaya Character and Professionalism in the Context of Developing Countries - a Debate about Mercenaries Secular Public Policy and the African Ecclesial Response The African University and the Social Sciences Traditional-Religious Knowledge in Humanising Education Teaching Philosophy and Religion Can African Traditional Culture Offer Something of Value? The Idea of African Scholarship ‘Philosophy for Children’ in Africa 20 00 Open Access 01 00 03 02 https://books.ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/10.36615/9780906785799_frontcover.jpg UJ Press 01 URL https://ujpress.uj.ac.za 01 UJ Press 01 Publisher's website: home page https://ujpress.uj.ac.za/ 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/305 Johannesburg 04 01 20250626 Patrick Giddy 02 WORLD 06 15 9780906785782 06 15 9780906785799 06 15 9780906785805 34 01 Unstructured citation Publications by Patrick Giddy 34 01 Unstructured citation Philosophy for Africa: Another View. Social Dynamics, 21:117-131. https://doi.org/10.1080/02533959508458593 34 01 Unstructured citation The African University and the Social Sciences: The Contribution of Lonergan’s Epistemological Theory. Method: Journal of Lonergan Studies, 14:133-153. https://doi.org/10.5840/method19961422 34 01 Unstructured citation A Communitarian Framework for Liberal Social Practices? South African Journal of Philosophy, 16:150-157. 34 01 Unstructured citation African Traditional Thought and Growth in Personal Unity. International Philosophical Quarterly, 42:315-327. https://doi.org/10.5840/ipq200242324 34 01 Unstructured citation Does the Growth of Science in a Culture Necessarily Undermine the Tradition? In: A Shutte (ed) The Quest for Humanity in Science and Religion, 168-197. Pietermaritzburg: Cluster. 34 01 Unstructured citation [With M. Detterbeck] Questions Regarding Tradition and Modernity in Contemporary Amakwaya Practice. Transformation, 59: 26-44. https://doi.org/10.1353/trn.2005.0048 34 01 Unstructured citation Does Character Matter? Guardian Values in an Age of Commerce. Theoria 113, 53-75. https://doi.org/10.3167/th.2007.5411304 34 01 Unstructured citation Objectivity and Subjectivity: Rethinking the Philosophy Syllabus. South African Journal of Philosophy 28, 359-376. https://doi.org/10.4314/sajpem.v28i4.52981 34 01 Unstructured citation Special Divine Action and How to do Philosophy of Religion. South African Journal of Philosophy 30, 143-154. https://doi.org/10.4314/sajpem.v30i2.67775 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Philosophy for Children’ in Africa: Developing a framework. South African Journal of Education, 32: 15-25. https://doi.org/10.15700/saje.v32n1a554 34 01 Unstructured citation The ideal of African scholarship and its implications for introductory philosophy: The example of Placide Tempels. South African Journal of Philosophy 31:504-516.https://doi.org/10.1080/02580136.2012.10751790 34 01 Unstructured citation Can African Traditional Culture Offer Something of Value to Global Approaches in Teaching Philosophy? Acta Academica, 45:154-172. https://doi.org/10.38140/aa.v45i4.1421 34 01 Unstructured citation Human Agency and Weakness of Will: A Neo-Thomist Discussion. South African journal of philosophy 35:197-209. https://doi.org/10.1080/02580136.2016.1167346 34 01 Unstructured citation Is the Essence of Christianity a Disenchanted World? A Critical Discussion of Marcel Gauchet. South African Journal of Philosophy, 38:313-329. https://doi.org/10.1080/02580136.2019.1655313 34 01 Unstructured citation Solidarity at Issue: Pandemics and Religious Belief. Phronimon 21 (15 pages). https://doi.org/10.25159/2413-3086/8568 34 01 Unstructured citation Decolonizing the African Churches in the Context of Secular Public Policy. In: Barreto R and V Latinovic (eds) Decolonial Horizons. Reshaping Synodality, Mission and Social Justice, 241-260. 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An Appeal for Morality. Cape Town: Tafelberg. WORLD 09 UJ Press 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this product https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/305 29 Publisher's website: download the title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/view/305/1200/4867 20 08 20250626 01 urn:uuid:9afb4a2f-de43-47af-ba13-54e766021f47 03 01 01 thoth-work-id urn:uuid:67cf0ae8-c488-484c-9a9d-4ed4d47db326 01 thoth-publication-id urn:uuid:9afb4a2f-de43-47af-ba13-54e766021f47 15 9780906785805 06 10.36615/9780906785799 00 EB E101 10 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 01 01 Aristotle in Africa Ethics and the African Philosophical Tradition 1 A01 21 0000-0002-6804-3731 Patrick Giddy Patrick Giddy 01 eng 00 322 03 20 ethics 93 JPA 10 POL053000 20 African Philosophical Tradition 20 Aristotle 20 Africa 01 06 02 00 How best to bring the genius of African traditional philosophy into dialogue with the European and global traditions of thought? The philosophy of Aristotle – ‘baptised’ by medieval Christian philosopher Thomas Aquinas – has been formative in premodern European thought. Now this frame of thinking, predating the skepticism and relativism that has ac 03 00 How best to bring the genius of African traditional philosophy into dialogue with the European and global traditions of thought? The philosophy of Aristotle – ‘baptised’ by medieval Christian philosopher Thomas Aquinas – has been formative in premodern European thought. Now this frame of thinking, predating the skepticism and relativism that has accompanied the culture of modernity, has been re-expressed in a contemporary vein by Bernard Lonergan and Alasdair MacIntyre. Patrick Giddy shows how the critical realism of Lonergan (d. 1984) and the communitarian ethic of MacIntyre (d. 2025) – both counter-cultural thinkers – are in tune with the African traditional understanding of the world. Aristotle, he argues, ‘belongs’ to Africa.Refereeing Giddy’s PhD thesis, Ethics and Human Nature (1994) MacIntyre commented, “this is the best account I have read of my philosophy”. In Aristotle in Africa, Giddy brings the Aristotelian tradition to bear on fundamental topics in African thought and applies these ideas to various areas of ethics as well as to rethinking the university curriculum. 30 00 How best to bring the genius of African traditional philosophy into dialogue with the European and global traditions of thought? The philosophy of Aristotle – ‘baptised’ by medieval Christian philosopher Thomas Aquinas – has been formative in premodern European thought. Now this frame of thinking, predating the skepticism and relativism that has accompanied the culture of modernity, has been re-expressed in a contemporary vein by Bernard Lonergan and Alasdair MacIntyre. Patrick Giddy shows how the critical realism of Lonergan (d. 1984) and the communitarian ethic of MacIntyre (d. 2025) – both counter-cultural thinkers – are in tune with the African traditional understanding of the world. Aristotle, he argues, ‘belongs’ to Africa.Refereeing Giddy’s PhD thesis, Ethics and Human Nature (1994) MacIntyre commented, “this is the best account I have read of my philosophy”. In Aristotle in Africa, Giddy brings the Aristotelian tradition to bear on fundamental topics in African thought and applies these ideas to various areas of ethics as well as to rethinking the university curriculum. 04 00 Introduction. Towards a Fruitful Dialogue Being a Person in the Context of African Traditional Thought Basic Intuitions in African Ethics African Traditional Philosophy of Mind Facilitating a Dialogue ‘Differentiation of Consciousness’ A Conceptual Tool for Unpacking African Traditional Thought A Communitarian Framing of the Liberal Ideal Virtues in a Post-traditional Society African Environmental Ethics: Beyond the Impasse Tradition, Modernity and the Virtues in Music Professionals The Example of Amakwaya Character and Professionalism in the Context of Developing Countries - a Debate about Mercenaries Secular Public Policy and the African Ecclesial Response The African University and the Social Sciences Traditional-Religious Knowledge in Humanising Education Teaching Philosophy and Religion Can African Traditional Culture Offer Something of Value? The Idea of African Scholarship ‘Philosophy for Children’ in Africa 20 00 Open Access 01 00 03 02 https://books.ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/10.36615/9780906785799_frontcover.jpg UJ Press 01 URL https://ujpress.uj.ac.za 01 UJ Press 01 Publisher's website: home page https://ujpress.uj.ac.za/ 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/305 Johannesburg 04 01 20250626 Patrick Giddy 02 WORLD 06 15 9780906785782 06 15 9780906785799 06 15 9780906785812 34 01 Unstructured citation Publications by Patrick Giddy 34 01 Unstructured citation Philosophy for Africa: Another View. Social Dynamics, 21:117-131. https://doi.org/10.1080/02533959508458593 34 01 Unstructured citation The African University and the Social Sciences: The Contribution of Lonergan’s Epistemological Theory. Method: Journal of Lonergan Studies, 14:133-153. https://doi.org/10.5840/method19961422 34 01 Unstructured citation A Communitarian Framework for Liberal Social Practices? South African Journal of Philosophy, 16:150-157. 34 01 Unstructured citation African Traditional Thought and Growth in Personal Unity. International Philosophical Quarterly, 42:315-327. https://doi.org/10.5840/ipq200242324 34 01 Unstructured citation Does the Growth of Science in a Culture Necessarily Undermine the Tradition? In: A Shutte (ed) The Quest for Humanity in Science and Religion, 168-197. Pietermaritzburg: Cluster. 34 01 Unstructured citation [With M. Detterbeck] Questions Regarding Tradition and Modernity in Contemporary Amakwaya Practice. Transformation, 59: 26-44. https://doi.org/10.1353/trn.2005.0048 34 01 Unstructured citation Does Character Matter? Guardian Values in an Age of Commerce. Theoria 113, 53-75. https://doi.org/10.3167/th.2007.5411304 34 01 Unstructured citation Objectivity and Subjectivity: Rethinking the Philosophy Syllabus. South African Journal of Philosophy 28, 359-376. https://doi.org/10.4314/sajpem.v28i4.52981 34 01 Unstructured citation Special Divine Action and How to do Philosophy of Religion. South African Journal of Philosophy 30, 143-154. https://doi.org/10.4314/sajpem.v30i2.67775 34 01 Unstructured citation ‘Philosophy for Children’ in Africa: Developing a framework. South African Journal of Education, 32: 15-25. https://doi.org/10.15700/saje.v32n1a554 34 01 Unstructured citation The ideal of African scholarship and its implications for introductory philosophy: The example of Placide Tempels. South African Journal of Philosophy 31:504-516.https://doi.org/10.1080/02580136.2012.10751790 34 01 Unstructured citation Can African Traditional Culture Offer Something of Value to Global Approaches in Teaching Philosophy? Acta Academica, 45:154-172. https://doi.org/10.38140/aa.v45i4.1421 34 01 Unstructured citation Human Agency and Weakness of Will: A Neo-Thomist Discussion. South African journal of philosophy 35:197-209. https://doi.org/10.1080/02580136.2016.1167346 34 01 Unstructured citation Is the Essence of Christianity a Disenchanted World? A Critical Discussion of Marcel Gauchet. South African Journal of Philosophy, 38:313-329. https://doi.org/10.1080/02580136.2019.1655313 34 01 Unstructured citation Solidarity at Issue: Pandemics and Religious Belief. Phronimon 21 (15 pages). https://doi.org/10.25159/2413-3086/8568 34 01 Unstructured citation Decolonizing the African Churches in the Context of Secular Public Policy. In: Barreto R and V Latinovic (eds) Decolonial Horizons. Reshaping Synodality, Mission and Social Justice, 241-260. 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An Appeal for Morality. Cape Town: Tafelberg. WORLD 09 UJ Press 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this product https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/305 29 Publisher's website: download the title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/view/305/1199/4866 20 08 20250626 01 urn:uuid:1327f2dd-9000-49a9-aaac-9a0e61af1c40 03 01 01 thoth-work-id urn:uuid:f9f84919-8673-4ab5-8232-86a0ba0acb4d 01 thoth-publication-id urn:uuid:1327f2dd-9000-49a9-aaac-9a0e61af1c40 15 9781997468110 06 10.64449/9781997468103 00 BC 10 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 01 01 Art, A Magical Motor That Keeps Society Together 1 B01 Bridget Thompson Bridget Thompson 2 A01 Bongiwe Hlekiso Bongiwe Hlekiso 01 eng 00 86 03 20 indigenous knowledge 20 art 20 literature 20 Sokhaya Charles Nkosi 01 06 02 00 03 00 In 2019 when I curated the exhibition, A Black Aesthetic, which was centered on the Fort Hare University Art collection comprising works by Black South African artists, there were three works by Charles Nkosi included in the exhibition. One of his works titled Soweto at Dawn, 1979 was originally featured on the cover of the publication, Images of Man: South African Black Art and Artists by EJ De Jager (1992), one of the few publications which feature the works from the collection. This work has become iconic in not only how it depicted the township landscape but also how in its imagining of the township there is an implied subversion of the representation of what a township is, both ideologically as well as pictorially. In some sense the work personifies the artist who created it in both its character as well as its metaphorical and literal meaning. - Dr Same Ndluli 30 00 In 2019 when I curated the exhibition, A Black Aesthetic, which was centered on the Fort Hare University Art collection comprising works by Black South African artists, there were three works by Charles Nkosi included in the exhibition. One of his works titled Soweto at Dawn, 1979 was originally featured on the cover of the publication, Images of Man: South African Black Art and Artists by EJ De Jager (1992), one of the few publications which feature the works from the collection. This work has become iconic in not only how it depicted the township landscape but also how in its imagining of the township there is an implied subversion of the representation of what a township is, both ideologically as well as pictorially. In some sense the work personifies the artist who created it in both its character as well as its metaphorical and literal meaning. - Dr Same Ndluli 20 00 Open Access 01 00 03 02 https://books.ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/10.64449/9781997468103_frontcover.jpg UJ Press 01 URL https://ujpress.uj.ac.za 01 UJ Press 01 Publisher's website: home page https://ujpress.uj.ac.za/ 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/271 Johannesburg 04 01 20251015 Bongiwe Hlekiso 02 WORLD 06 15 9781997468103 WORLD 09 UJ Press 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this product https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/271 20 08 20251015 01 urn:uuid:01880fa4-fe5c-4895-b1d7-f1ea71ab3871 03 01 01 thoth-work-id urn:uuid:f9f84919-8673-4ab5-8232-86a0ba0acb4d 01 thoth-publication-id urn:uuid:01880fa4-fe5c-4895-b1d7-f1ea71ab3871 15 9781997468103 06 10.64449/9781997468103 00 EB E107 10 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 01 01 Art, A Magical Motor That Keeps Society Together 1 B01 Bridget Thompson Bridget Thompson 2 A01 Bongiwe Hlekiso Bongiwe Hlekiso 01 eng 00 86 03 20 indigenous knowledge 20 art 20 literature 20 Sokhaya Charles Nkosi 01 06 02 00 03 00 In 2019 when I curated the exhibition, A Black Aesthetic, which was centered on the Fort Hare University Art collection comprising works by Black South African artists, there were three works by Charles Nkosi included in the exhibition. One of his works titled Soweto at Dawn, 1979 was originally featured on the cover of the publication, Images of Man: South African Black Art and Artists by EJ De Jager (1992), one of the few publications which feature the works from the collection. This work has become iconic in not only how it depicted the township landscape but also how in its imagining of the township there is an implied subversion of the representation of what a township is, both ideologically as well as pictorially. In some sense the work personifies the artist who created it in both its character as well as its metaphorical and literal meaning. - Dr Same Ndluli 30 00 In 2019 when I curated the exhibition, A Black Aesthetic, which was centered on the Fort Hare University Art collection comprising works by Black South African artists, there were three works by Charles Nkosi included in the exhibition. One of his works titled Soweto at Dawn, 1979 was originally featured on the cover of the publication, Images of Man: South African Black Art and Artists by EJ De Jager (1992), one of the few publications which feature the works from the collection. This work has become iconic in not only how it depicted the township landscape but also how in its imagining of the township there is an implied subversion of the representation of what a township is, both ideologically as well as pictorially. In some sense the work personifies the artist who created it in both its character as well as its metaphorical and literal meaning. - Dr Same Ndluli 20 00 Open Access 01 00 03 02 https://books.ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/10.64449/9781997468103_frontcover.jpg UJ Press 01 URL https://ujpress.uj.ac.za 01 UJ Press 01 Publisher's website: home page https://ujpress.uj.ac.za/ 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/271 Johannesburg 04 01 20251015 Bongiwe Hlekiso 02 WORLD 06 15 9781997468110 WORLD 11 Unknown 36 Unspecified hosting platform: webpage for this product https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/271 29 Unspecified hosting platform: download the title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/view/271/1315/5931 20 08 20251015 01 urn:uuid:b9b65856-ab31-401d-b02b-e7828060b621 03 01 01 thoth-work-id urn:uuid:e930848d-c17e-4ea0-a697-ff227f09f271 01 thoth-publication-id urn:uuid:b9b65856-ab31-401d-b02b-e7828060b621 15 9780906785942 06 10.64449/9780906785959 00 BC 10 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 01 01 Artificial Intelligence Transforming Higher Education Volume 1 1 B01 Geesje Van den Berg Geesje Van den Berg Geesje van den Berg is a full Professor at the University of South Africa (UNISA) in the Department of Curriculum and Instructional Studies. She is also a Commonwealth of Learning Chair in open distance learning (ODL) for Teacher Education. Her research primarily focuses on student interaction in online learning, academic capacity building, openness in education, and teachers' and students’ use of technology in ODL. She has published extensively as a sole author and co-author with colleagues and students in ODL and curriculum studies. She leads a collaborative project for academic capacity-building for UNISA academics in ODL, which is jointly undertaken by Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg in Germany and UNISA. She is currently the programme manager of the structured Master's in Education (ODL) programme and has supervised numerous masters and doctoral students. 2 A01 Michael Adarkwah Michael Adarkwah Michael Agyemang Adarkwah is a Research Associate at Friedrich Schiller University Jena in Germany. He served as a Postdoctoral Researcher at the Smart Learning Institute, Beijing Normal University (BNU), China. He obtained his Ph.D. in Education Leadership and Management from Southwest University, China. He has a bachelor’s degree in nursing and has worked as a Registered Nurse (RGN) in Ghana. He has given keynote speeches on Artificial Intelligence in Higher Education at the University of Portsmouth-Kaplan Symposium and the University of Ghana. His research interests are teaching and learning, motivation, assessment, digitalisation, computers and education, adult education, special education, linguistics, and healthcare education. He is an international peer reviewer and is part of the Editorial Board of the <em>Journal of Educational Studies and Multidisciplinary Approaches</em> (JESMA), the <em>International Journal of Modern Education Studies</em> (IJONMES), and <em>Social Education Research</em> (SER). He served as a Guest Editor for the <em>International Journal of Smart Technology</em> <em>and Learning</em>. He is an Associate Editor for <em>SN Social Sciences</em>. 3 A01 Samuel Amponsah Samuel Amponsah Samuel Amponsah is an Associate Professor at the University of Ghana and heads the Distance Education Department. Samuel’s scholarship gained international recognition as he has served as fellow of the Global Challenges Research Fund/Liverpool John Moores University digital fellowship programme in 2020 and completed a postdoctoral fellowship with the American University in Cairo under the sponsorship of the BECH-Africa and Andrew W. Mellon Foundation in 2022. In 2021, the University of South Africa appointed him as an Adjunct Associate Professor. Samuel has also been a Visiting Lecturer at Birmingham Christian College in the UK since 2022. His areas of research interest are adult learning, inclusive education, and open distance learning. Samuel is the Editor-in-Chief of the Multidisciplinary <em>Journal of Distance Learning</em> and has served as a Guest Editor for the <em>Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies in Education</em>, <em>International Journal of Smart Technology and Learning</em>, and the prestigious <em>British Journal of Educational Technology</em>. 4 A01 Elize Du Plessis Elize Du Plessis Elize du Plessis holds a Doctor of Education (D.Ed.) degree and has 35 years of experience in distance teaching. She currently holds the position of a full professor in the Department of Curriculum and Instructional Studies at the University of South Africa (Unisa) and actively participates in curriculum development within the School of Teacher Education. Her primary area of expertise is teacher training, with a specific focus on addressing the challenges associated with Open Distance e-Learning (OdeL) teacher education pedagogy and assessment practices. Her current research also extends to Artificial Intelligence (AI), such as ChatGPT. In her present role, Elize serves as the programme coordinator for the Post Graduate Certificate in Education programme, which specifically encompasses the Senior Phase and Further Education and Training. She excels in the development of course materials for student teachers and has contributed to numerous books and a wide range of journal articles. Furthermore, she has presented research papers at both national and international conferences. Additionally, Elize actively contributes to academia by serving as a national and international reviewer for multiple academic journals. She also plays a key role as a supervisor and external examiner for M.Ed. and D.Ed./Ph.D. students. 5 A01 Faiza Gani Faiza Gani Faiza Gani is a senior lecturer at the University of South Africa (UNISA) in the Department of Language Education, Arts and Culture. Her research is focused on ODL, online learning, technology enhanced learning, and quality assurance in ODL. She has worked in the ODL field for several years and is currently seconded to the Quality Assurance and enhancement office where she coordinates quality assurance for the college. This entails the coordination of reviews, quality assurance of study materials, and other related quality assurance activities in the college. As a developing researcher she has co-published in the field on online learning and ODL. 6 A01 Marlene Holmner Marlene Holmner Marlene Holmner obtained a BA degree from the University of Pretoria in 1995, and a BA (Hons) Information Science (Cum Laude) in 1997. This was followed in 1999 by an MA in Information Science (Cum Laude) from the same institution. She completed her DPhil in 2008 with the title: <em>A critical analysis of information and knowledge societies with specific reference to the interaction between local and global knowledge systems</em>. She is currently an Associate Professor in the Department of Information Science, University at Pretoria. She serves on the Information Technology for Development Editorial Board, and several other journal editorial boards. She is also active in ASIS&amp;T, serving as officer in 2021-2023 and a Steering Committee member of African Center of Excellence in Information Ethics. Marlene publishes primarily in the areas of information ethics, information communication for development, and ICT in education. 7 A01 Lebo Mudau Lebo Mudau Patience Kelebogile Mudau (PhD) is an Associate Professor and acting Chair of Department in the Department of Curriculum and Instructional Studies, in the College of Education at Unisa. She is involved in the coordination of the Online Teaching and Learning Certificate of Advanced Studies (CAS) project between UNISA and the Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg. She teaches in the Master of Education (specialising in ODL) programme. Her research interests are academic capacity building, open education practices, and technology-enhanced learning. 8 A01 Nicky Tjano Nicky Tjano Nicky Tjano is currently the Director of Teaching &amp; Learning Strategy, Projects, and Portfolio Performance (Secondment) in the office of the VP: Teaching, Learning, Community Engagement, and Student Support (TLCESS) at UNISA. He is substantively appointed as a Curriculum and Learning Development (CLD) Specialist in the Directorate Curriculum Development and Transformation (DCDT). Prior to this appointment, he was a Senior Lecturer in the Business Management Department in the College of Economic and Management Sciences (CEMS). He was also seconded to the Deanery under Tuition and Student Support office as a Technology Enhanced Teaching and Learning Coordinator (TELC). In this role, he was responsible for supporting academics in the exploration and integration of tools for technology-enhanced teaching. He was also responsible for coordinating the capacity development of academics in the use of teaching tools whilst also facilitating appropriate measures for change management in the College. Amidst these roles he was playing an active role in the Digitalisation of Teaching and Learning Solution (DTLS) project driving the implementation of (OdeL) programme initiatives in line with Unisa’s 2030 Strategic Agenda. He completed MCom at the University of Johannesburg (UJ) and has completed a PhD at Unisa. He is currently supervising Masters and Doctoral candidates in the area of corporate governance, corporate sustainability, entrepreneurship, technology-mediated learning, artificial intelligence and data science. In terms of awards, he was voted the best employee of the year in 2011, received the Chancellor’s award in 2012 for the Best Overall performance Service, and received CEMS’ Excellence award in 2021. 9 A01 Brenda Van Wyk Brenda Van Wyk Brenda van Wyk (PhD; MEd; MInf) is currently a Senior Academic and Research Fellow in the EBIT Faculty at the University of Pretoria. Previous positions include the Head of Academic Information Services at the Independent Institute of Education (IIE) and the Dean of Research at the IIE. She has been responsible for literacy teaching, postgraduate supervisor training, and postgraduate support in her current as well as previous positions. She has a passion for technology-assisted teaching and learning towards digital inclusion and cognitive social justice. Her research interests include open scholarship, metaliteracy, and information ethics. She serves on the steering committee of ACEIE. She managed several higher education projects, including the planning and implementation of research management systems and repositories. She is the Managing Editor of a DHET accredited journal, the <em>Independent Journal of Teaching and Learning</em> (IJTL). She is the Co-Chair if ICIL-Africa. She has published several manuscripts and articles in academic journals, chapters in books and conference proceedings. She is a research associate with JET Education Services. 10 A01 Micheal Van Wyk Micheal Van Wyk Micheal van Wyk is a professor in Economics Education and an NRF-rated researcher at the College of Education, University of South Africa (UNISA). He is a qualified professional teacher, published articles in highly impacted journals, supervised doctoral and master’s degree students, read conference papers, published conference proceedings, edited academic books and was awarded external grants. He is a flipped instructional designer researcher in ODeL research. In 2013, he was awarded for his novel educational contributions to Economics Education in teacher education, the Chancellor Award for Excellence in Research (UNISA). In 2018, he was awarded the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning for his groundbreaking research on the e-portfolio as an alternative assessment approach in teacher education at both the College of Education and the University of South Africa. One of his recent articles entitled, <em>Students’ perceptions of the flipped classroom pedagogy in an open distance e-learning university</em> (2020), was published in <em>Ubiquitous Learning: An International Journal</em> (SCOPUS) and voted as the best scholarly publication by the journal vetting panel and was consequently awarded the International Award for Excellence for Research (2020), Common Ground Research Network, University of Chicago, USA. In 2023, he was an awardee of the Chancellor’s Award for Excellence in Research (UNISA). He is also serving on international journal editorial boards and vetting panels. He was recently awarded the Medal of Honor Education from the Education Association of South Africa. He is the Associate Editor for <em>Heliyon: Education</em> (Scopus). His research interests are digital technologies, generative artificial intelligence, digital game-based learning, flipped pedagogy, e-Portfolios, authentic assessment, and Economics Education. 01 eng 00 386 03 93 5YS 20 Artificial Intelligence 10 EDU001030 20 Higher Education; 20 Student-centred; 20 Educator; 20 Student; 20 4IR; 20 Education 4.0; 20 Learning 3.0; 01 06 02 00 When the rhythm of the music changes, the dance steps must also change. Step onto the cusp of a new era in teaching and learning. Informed by leading innovators in education technology, this book offers a clear, practical roadmap to turn the promises of/about AI and LLMs into campus-ready solutions 03 00 When the rhythm of the music changes, the dance steps must change alsoStep onto the cusp of a new era in teaching and learning. Informed by leading innovators in education technology, this book offers a clear, practical roadmap to turn the promises of/about AI and LLMs into campus-ready solutions. Discover how to harness intelligent tools without losing sight of the human connections that define higher education. Inside these books you will learn how to• craft personalised learning experiences that enhance student engagement and success;• safeguard academic integrity while embracing AI-driven assessments;• empower yourselves with intuitive, low-barrier AI tools for content creation and feedback;• leverage data analytics to close equity gaps and support at-risk students; and• build an ethical AI and LLM strategy that aligns with higher educational missions and values.Whether you are an educator or instructor rethinking lesson design, or a manager streamlining support services, these volumes provide insights and guidance to lead change that will transform higher education culture, elevate outcomes, and equip graduates for work in an AI-infused world. 30 00 When the rhythm of the music changes, the dance steps must change alsoStep onto the cusp of a new era in teaching and learning. Informed by leading innovators in education technology, this book offers a clear, practical roadmap to turn the promises of/about AI and LLMs into campus-ready solutions. Discover how to harness intelligent tools without losing sight of the human connections that define higher education. Inside these books you will learn how to• craft personalised learning experiences that enhance student engagement and success;• safeguard academic integrity while embracing AI-driven assessments;• empower yourselves with intuitive, low-barrier AI tools for content creation and feedback;• leverage data analytics to close equity gaps and support at-risk students; and• build an ethical AI and LLM strategy that aligns with higher educational missions and values.Whether you are an educator or instructor rethinking lesson design, or a manager streamlining support services, these volumes provide insights and guidance to lead change that will transform higher education culture, elevate outcomes, and equip graduates for work in an AI-infused world. 04 00 Foreword When the rhythm of the music changes, the dance step must change also Tony J. Mays DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780906785959-00 PDF Transforming Higher Educational Pedagogies in the Humanities through Artificial Intelligence Garth Aziz DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780906785959-01 PDF Ahead of the Artificial Intelligence Curve Changing Roles of Information Professionals in Higher Education Lorette Jacobs, Karin McGuirk DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780906785959-02 PDF AI and the Existence of Everything Erna Oliver DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780906785959-03 PDF Working with AI An Integrated, Process-Based Framework for Posthumanist Teaching in Higher Education Johannes Cronjé DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780906785959-04 PDF Augmented or Automated Examining the Role of AI in Reimagining Instructional Design in Higher Education Karen Ferreira-Meyers DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780906785959-05 PDF Intelligent Frameworks for Assessment in AI-Enhanced Learning Environments Lilia Cheniti-Belcadhi , Mohamed Mitwally, Asma Hadyaoui DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780906785959-06 PDF Dimensional Approach for a Digital Transformation Process in Higher Education Elmarie Kritzinger, Sarah Jane Johnston DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780906785959-07 PDF When Artificial Intelligence Meets Contemplative Studies Making Higher Education more Wholistic Hiro Saito DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780906785959-08 PDF Artificial Intelligence In Education Africa’s Prospects and Challenges Joseph Evans Agolla, Phineas Sebopelo DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780906785959-09 PDF Artificial Intelligence in Open Distance e-Learning Institutions in Sub‑Saharan Africa Quality Assurance Opportunities and Challenges Phineas Sebopelo , Joseph Evans Agolla DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780906785959-10 PDF 20 00 Open Access 01 00 03 02 https://books.ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/10.64449/9780906785959_frontcover.jpg 1 03 06 10.64449/9780906785959-00 ix xxvi 18 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Chapter 01 01 Foreword When the rhythm of the music changes, the dance step must change also 1 A01 Tony J. Mays Tony J. Mays 02 00 When Prof (Professor) Geesje van den Berg first informed me that they were working on a book about AI in education, I was thrilled, as discussions surrounding technological innovation are often dominated by the discourse of the Global North, meaning that the voices from the developing economies of the Global South are insufficiently represented. 03 00 When Prof (Professor) Geesje van den Berg first informed me that they were working on a book about AI in education, I was thrilled, as discussions surrounding technological innovation are often dominated by the discourse of the Global North, meaning that the voices from the developing economies of the Global South are insufficiently represented. When she later invited me to contribute a foreword, I felt both honoured and intrigued to be considered, as there are many individuals undertaking pioneering work in this field who might offer a more unique perspective. However, Prof Van den Berg and I have known each other for many years, having collaborated at UNISA on an interim educator qualification called the National Professional Diploma in Education, and subsequently on a Master’s programme in open and distance learning (ODL), as well as having contributed to the same textbook on Curriculum Studies. Therefore, I was confident that the new publication would be something to eagerly anticipate. 30 00 When Prof (Professor) Geesje van den Berg first informed me that they were working on a book about AI in education, I was thrilled, as discussions surrounding technological innovation are often dominated by the discourse of the Global North, meaning that the voices from the developing economies of the Global South are insufficiently represented. When she later invited me to contribute a foreword, I felt both honoured and intrigued to be considered, as there are many individuals undertaking pioneering work in this field who might offer a more unique perspective. However, Prof Van den Berg and I have known each other for many years, having collaborated at UNISA on an interim educator qualification called the National Professional Diploma in Education, and subsequently on a Master’s programme in open and distance learning (ODL), as well as having contributed to the same textbook on Curriculum Studies. Therefore, I was confident that the new publication would be something to eagerly anticipate. 20 00 Open Access Tony J. Mays 2 03 06 10.64449/9780906785959-01 1 22 Chapter 01 01 Transforming Higher Educational Pedagogies in the Humanities through Artificial Intelligence 1 A01 Garth Aziz Garth Aziz 03 00 AI (artificial intelligence) is no stranger to education as it has been implemented extensively in education and is continuing to gain interest and attention (Chen, Chen, &amp; Lin 2020:75265). AI has been part of education since the early 1950s to ‘understand and improve human and machine cognition’ in the advancement of education (Doroudi 2022:885). Understandably, this strive for educational advancement was mainly in the learning sciences, associated with computers, underpinned by behaviourism, and may not have had any consideration for other disciplines or theories in education that may be deemed as ‘antiscience,’ such as the humanities (cf. Doroudi 2022:895; Chen et al. 2020:75267). Consequently, it is construed that the situated learning theories did not only rise as a response to the limitations of cognitivism but also to that of AI (cf. Doroudi 2022:896; Chen et al. 2020:75267). The response from the situated learning theories to cognitivism and AI was immersing itself in qualitative research. While some of the proponents of situated learning leaned toward AI, this was not the dominant response (Doroudi 2022:897). 30 00 AI (artificial intelligence) is no stranger to education as it has been implemented extensively in education and is continuing to gain interest and attention (Chen, Chen, &amp; Lin 2020:75265). AI has been part of education since the early 1950s to ‘understand and improve human and machine cognition’ in the advancement of education (Doroudi 2022:885). Understandably, this strive for educational advancement was mainly in the learning sciences, associated with computers, underpinned by behaviourism, and may not have had any consideration for other disciplines or theories in education that may be deemed as ‘antiscience,’ such as the humanities (cf. Doroudi 2022:895; Chen et al. 2020:75267). Consequently, it is construed that the situated learning theories did not only rise as a response to the limitations of cognitivism but also to that of AI (cf. Doroudi 2022:896; Chen et al. 2020:75267). The response from the situated learning theories to cognitivism and AI was immersing itself in qualitative research. While some of the proponents of situated learning leaned toward AI, this was not the dominant response (Doroudi 2022:897). 3 03 06 10.64449/9780906785959-02 23 62 Chapter 01 01 Ahead of the Artificial Intelligence Curve Changing Roles of Information Professionals in Higher Education 1 A01 21 0000-0001-8081-7739 Lorette Jacobs Lorette Jacobs 2 A01 Karin McGuirk Karin McGuirk 03 00 In the digital era technological advancements brought about by AI (artificial intelligence) have extensively altered the manner in which information professionals should offer services and resources to cater for individualised information needs. Technological advances in AI combined with institutional changes, budget constraints, and alternative modes of delivery are affecting the scope and scale of services required of traditional information professionals. Information professionals therefore find themselves in a distorted and surreal world – a world that has changed in a way where AI and technological advancement create a context that is unfamiliar. Within the HE (higher education) sector where the focus is on fostering education, research, and societal development, the importance of information professionals in leading these institutions into the 5IR (fifth industrial revolution) by advancing their own skills and utilising technology towards personalising information services and resources, cannot be overemphasised. More research is required to assess whether the vision proposed by the researchers will prepare information professionals effectively to stay ahead of the AI curve. 30 00 In the digital era technological advancements brought about by AI (artificial intelligence) have extensively altered the manner in which information professionals should offer services and resources to cater for individualised information needs. Technological advances in AI combined with institutional changes, budget constraints, and alternative modes of delivery are affecting the scope and scale of services required of traditional information professionals. Information professionals therefore find themselves in a distorted and surreal world – a world that has changed in a way where AI and technological advancement create a context that is unfamiliar. Within the HE (higher education) sector where the focus is on fostering education, research, and societal development, the importance of information professionals in leading these institutions into the 5IR (fifth industrial revolution) by advancing their own skills and utilising technology towards personalising information services and resources, cannot be overemphasised. More research is required to assess whether the vision proposed by the researchers will prepare information professionals effectively to stay ahead of the AI curve. 4 03 06 10.64449/9780906785959-03 63 98 Chapter 01 01 AI and the Existence of Everything 1 B01 21 0000-0003-3606-1537 Erna Oliver Erna Oliver 03 00 Two outstanding truths that the educator of the 21st century is confronted with, are first, that we have entered the 4IR (fourth industrial revolution), also called the age of ‘big data’ (Anyoha 2017) and second, the acknowledgment that every student studies in a different/unique way. It is imperative for IHEs (institutions of higher education) to take note of the fact that there is no one-size-fits-all package for education (cf. Gous 2022:215), while the 4IR with all its disruptive elements is currently presenting itself in almost every aspect of our life. One of the best examples in which the 4IR presents itself is AI (artificial intelligence), although the latter has preceded the former with quite a couple of years. For many people AI has become part of their everyday existence and life. This also rings true for educators and administration personnel in IHEs. Holmes et al. (2019:202) put it this way: ‘AI has become an often hidden but integral, pervasive, and inescapable part of our daily lives. In fact, paradoxically, the more it is integrated into our lives, the less we tend to think of it as AI.’ Due to larger amounts of big data, new computational approaches, and faster computer processors the development of AI ‘has been both groundbreaking…and transformative’ (Holmes et al. 2019:202). A focal part of AI for education is that it is student-centred (Owan, Abang, Idika, Etta, &amp; Bassey 2023:2 of 15). 30 00 Two outstanding truths that the educator of the 21st century is confronted with, are first, that we have entered the 4IR (fourth industrial revolution), also called the age of ‘big data’ (Anyoha 2017) and second, the acknowledgment that every student studies in a different/unique way. It is imperative for IHEs (institutions of higher education) to take note of the fact that there is no one-size-fits-all package for education (cf. Gous 2022:215), while the 4IR with all its disruptive elements is currently presenting itself in almost every aspect of our life. One of the best examples in which the 4IR presents itself is AI (artificial intelligence), although the latter has preceded the former with quite a couple of years. For many people AI has become part of their everyday existence and life. This also rings true for educators and administration personnel in IHEs. Holmes et al. (2019:202) put it this way: ‘AI has become an often hidden but integral, pervasive, and inescapable part of our daily lives. In fact, paradoxically, the more it is integrated into our lives, the less we tend to think of it as AI.’ Due to larger amounts of big data, new computational approaches, and faster computer processors the development of AI ‘has been both groundbreaking…and transformative’ (Holmes et al. 2019:202). A focal part of AI for education is that it is student-centred (Owan, Abang, Idika, Etta, &amp; Bassey 2023:2 of 15). 5 03 06 10.64449/9780906785959-04 99 128 Chapter 01 01 Working with AI An Integrated, Process-Based Framework for Posthumanist Teaching in Higher Education 1 A01 Johannes Cronjé Johannes Cronjé 03 00 This chapter explores the potential of integrated learning tasks in view of AI (artificial intelligence) in HE (higher education). AI has democratised content production, but it also poses challenges in distinguishing work done by AI from that done by humans. It suggests that integrated learning tasks can help mitigate these challenges by emphasising the process of writing with AI and focusing on the task rather than the learner. The chapter describes a case study in which students were asked to generate a research topic for themselves and then use ChatGPT (chat generative pre-trained transformer) – a language model AI – to generate prompts for their literature survey. The students then used a spreadsheet to organise their research and a branching tree diagram to form the outline of their literature survey. They used mail merge to extract relevant quotations from their spreadsheets and then used a chatbot to assist them in assembling the final literature survey. We compared the work done by the students in the case study to a group of fifth-year students who did not follow the process and found that the students who used the integrated learning approach had developed an insight in the responsible and ethical use of AI. They also had a much clearer understanding of the research process. In contrast, the fifth-year group simply asked the AI to write the literature survey, resulting in a well-written but vacuous piece of work filled with falsehoods, hallucinations, and fake references. The chapter concludes by pointing out that constructivist learning tasks can help students develop a good understanding of the value of a good prompt and use a step-by-step approach to generate the final project. It suggests that in future, the emphasis should be placed on the process of writing with AI, whereas in a posthuman sense, the focus should not be on the student, but on the task. 30 00 This chapter explores the potential of integrated learning tasks in view of AI (artificial intelligence) in HE (higher education). AI has democratised content production, but it also poses challenges in distinguishing work done by AI from that done by humans. It suggests that integrated learning tasks can help mitigate these challenges by emphasising the process of writing with AI and focusing on the task rather than the learner. The chapter describes a case study in which students were asked to generate a research topic for themselves and then use ChatGPT (chat generative pre-trained transformer) – a language model AI – to generate prompts for their literature survey. The students then used a spreadsheet to organise their research and a branching tree diagram to form the outline of their literature survey. They used mail merge to extract relevant quotations from their spreadsheets and then used a chatbot to assist them in assembling the final literature survey. We compared the work done by the students in the case study to a group of fifth-year students who did not follow the process and found that the students who used the integrated learning approach had developed an insight in the responsible and ethical use of AI. They also had a much clearer understanding of the research process. In contrast, the fifth-year group simply asked the AI to write the literature survey, resulting in a well-written but vacuous piece of work filled with falsehoods, hallucinations, and fake references. The chapter concludes by pointing out that constructivist learning tasks can help students develop a good understanding of the value of a good prompt and use a step-by-step approach to generate the final project. It suggests that in future, the emphasis should be placed on the process of writing with AI, whereas in a posthuman sense, the focus should not be on the student, but on the task. 6 03 06 10.64449/9780906785959-05 129 152 Chapter 01 01 Augmented or Automated Examining the Role of AI in Reimagining Instructional Design in Higher Education 1 A01 Karen Ferreira-Meyers Karen Ferreira-Meyers 03 00 Rapid advancements in AI (artificial intelligence) and big data analytics have ushered in transformative possibilities for HE (higher education) and opened up new possibilities for enhancing teaching and learning. This chapter critically examines the applications of AI in instructional design, assessing current use cases and potential future implementations. It discusses the impact of AI on learning analytics, student modelling, intelligent and adaptive learning systems, AI teaching assistants, and tutors. The analysis aims to identify the trade-offs between augmentation and automation in learning design processes, emphasising the need for ethical and equitable applications. The chapter also explores policy implications to ensure widespread access to beneficial AI technologies. While AI presents opportunities to enhance teaching and learning, the chapter underscores the importance of preserving human expertise and agency in education. However, the rapid development of AI technologies also raises significant challenges, including ethical concerns, integration costs, and the potential displacement of educators’ roles. These complexities demand a thoughtful approach that balances innovation with caution. Examples from industries like healthcare and finance demonstrate the potential of AI to revolutionise practices while maintaining human oversight. 30 00 Rapid advancements in AI (artificial intelligence) and big data analytics have ushered in transformative possibilities for HE (higher education) and opened up new possibilities for enhancing teaching and learning. This chapter critically examines the applications of AI in instructional design, assessing current use cases and potential future implementations. It discusses the impact of AI on learning analytics, student modelling, intelligent and adaptive learning systems, AI teaching assistants, and tutors. The analysis aims to identify the trade-offs between augmentation and automation in learning design processes, emphasising the need for ethical and equitable applications. The chapter also explores policy implications to ensure widespread access to beneficial AI technologies. While AI presents opportunities to enhance teaching and learning, the chapter underscores the importance of preserving human expertise and agency in education. However, the rapid development of AI technologies also raises significant challenges, including ethical concerns, integration costs, and the potential displacement of educators’ roles. These complexities demand a thoughtful approach that balances innovation with caution. Examples from industries like healthcare and finance demonstrate the potential of AI to revolutionise practices while maintaining human oversight. 7 03 06 10.64449/9780906785959-06 153 200 48 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Intelligent Frameworks for Assessment in AI-Enhanced Learning Environments 1 A01 Lilia Cheniti-Belcadhi Lilia Cheniti-Belcadhi 2 A01 Mohamed Mitwally Mohamed Mitwally 3 A01 Asma Hadyaoui Asma Hadyaoui 02 00 Nowadays several critical challenges, opportunities, and trends in learning must be considered in the development and implementation of new learning environments. 03 00 Nowadays several critical challenges, opportunities, and trends in learning must be considered in the development and implementation of new learning environments. These include encouraging lifelong learning, valuing both informal and formal learning, addressing the open and social dimensions of learning, and recognising the different contexts where learning takes place. It is also crucial to address what today’s students need. We observe, however, that during the last years, knowledge acquisition and learning have been distributed and continue to occur in a world without boundaries. Students are collaborating more than ever beyond classroom boundaries, which become more and more irrelevant within formal settings. Moreover, the openness of knowledge resources and the social nature of the web through the participation, voting, collaboration, aggregation, and distribution it enables, are leading to a new generation of students, driven by openness, networking, and sharing. Considering the new requirements in terms of learning also raises challenges with regard to the assessment of learning. Student-centred and networked learning require new assessment models that address how to recognise and evaluate self-directed learning achievements. 30 00 Nowadays several critical challenges, opportunities, and trends in learning must be considered in the development and implementation of new learning environments. These include encouraging lifelong learning, valuing both informal and formal learning, addressing the open and social dimensions of learning, and recognising the different contexts where learning takes place. It is also crucial to address what today’s students need. We observe, however, that during the last years, knowledge acquisition and learning have been distributed and continue to occur in a world without boundaries. Students are collaborating more than ever beyond classroom boundaries, which become more and more irrelevant within formal settings. Moreover, the openness of knowledge resources and the social nature of the web through the participation, voting, collaboration, aggregation, and distribution it enables, are leading to a new generation of students, driven by openness, networking, and sharing. Considering the new requirements in terms of learning also raises challenges with regard to the assessment of learning. Student-centred and networked learning require new assessment models that address how to recognise and evaluate self-directed learning achievements. 20 00 Open Access Lilia Cheniti-Belcadhi , Mohamed Mitwally, Asma Hadyaoui 8 03 06 10.64449/9780906785959-07 203 224 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Dimensional Approach for a Digital Transformation Process in Higher Education 1 A01 Elmarie Kritzinger Elmarie Kritzinger 2 A01 Sarah Jane Johnston Sarah Jane Johnston 02 00 Technology has evolved over the last few decades and the development of new technologies are growing at an alarming rate. 03 00 Technology has evolved over the last few decades and the development of new technologies are growing at an alarming rate. Digital transformation activities are prominent (critical) to ensure that all business sectors incorporate and integrate new technologies to ensure viable business modules. Our business sector with digital transformation, which includes AI (Artificial Intelligence) adoption, is vital and ready to be integrated with the educational sector. This integration is not optional but vital for the survival and thriving of IHEs (institutions of higher education). 30 00 Technology has evolved over the last few decades and the development of new technologies are growing at an alarming rate. Digital transformation activities are prominent (critical) to ensure that all business sectors incorporate and integrate new technologies to ensure viable business modules. Our business sector with digital transformation, which includes AI (Artificial Intelligence) adoption, is vital and ready to be integrated with the educational sector. This integration is not optional but vital for the survival and thriving of IHEs (institutions of higher education). 20 00 Open Access Elmarie Kritzinger, Sarah Jane Johnston 9 03 06 10.64449/9780906785959-08 225 252 Chapter 01 01 When Artificial Intelligence Meets Contemplative Studies Making Higher Education more Wholistic 1 A01 Hiro Saito Hiro Saito 03 00 In the late 2010s, HE (higher education) leaders, practitioners, and researchers began to discuss how AI (artificial intelligence), as part and parcel of the 4IR (fourth industrial revolution), might transform IHEs (institutions of higher education) (Aoun 2017; Gleason 2018; Peters &amp; Jandrić 2019). As they enthusiastically embraced the 4IR, however, their discussions tended to focus on how IHEs should actively adapt to the AI-driven economy without critically reflecting on how IHEs might intervene and reshape the trajectory of the 4IR itself. In this regard, their mode of thinking was rather reactive (Saito 2022). 30 00 In the late 2010s, HE (higher education) leaders, practitioners, and researchers began to discuss how AI (artificial intelligence), as part and parcel of the 4IR (fourth industrial revolution), might transform IHEs (institutions of higher education) (Aoun 2017; Gleason 2018; Peters &amp; Jandrić 2019). As they enthusiastically embraced the 4IR, however, their discussions tended to focus on how IHEs should actively adapt to the AI-driven economy without critically reflecting on how IHEs might intervene and reshape the trajectory of the 4IR itself. In this regard, their mode of thinking was rather reactive (Saito 2022). 10 03 06 10.64449/9780906785959-09 253 296 Chapter 01 01 Artificial Intelligence In Education Africa’s Prospects and Challenges 1 A01 21 0000-0002-7100-5090 Joseph Evans Agolla Joseph Evans Agolla 2 A01 Phineas Sebopelo Phineas Sebopelo 03 00 The application of AI (artificial intelligence) in education is not something new as it might appear to be because it has already been integrated in learning and education services for several decades. During COVID-19, Africa, like the rest of the world was faced with challenges associated with the emergence of the pandemic, such as lockdown and social distancing imposed by the WHO (World Health Organisation) to contain the spread of the disease. The lockdown and social distancing resulted in the closure of social spaces such as education institutions and public places. To counter these measures brought by the COVID-19 pandemic and to ensure that businesses continue, organisations immediately turned to remote working using the power of AI tools (UNICEF 2022). In fact, this was the first evidence of a mass application of AI tools to ensure that learning continues in both developed and developing economies (cf. Georgescu &amp; Popescu 2015). 30 00 The application of AI (artificial intelligence) in education is not something new as it might appear to be because it has already been integrated in learning and education services for several decades. During COVID-19, Africa, like the rest of the world was faced with challenges associated with the emergence of the pandemic, such as lockdown and social distancing imposed by the WHO (World Health Organisation) to contain the spread of the disease. The lockdown and social distancing resulted in the closure of social spaces such as education institutions and public places. To counter these measures brought by the COVID-19 pandemic and to ensure that businesses continue, organisations immediately turned to remote working using the power of AI tools (UNICEF 2022). In fact, this was the first evidence of a mass application of AI tools to ensure that learning continues in both developed and developing economies (cf. Georgescu &amp; Popescu 2015). 11 03 06 10.64449/9780906785959-10 297 351 Chapter 01 01 Artificial Intelligence in Open Distance e-Learning Institutions in Sub‑Saharan Africa Quality Assurance Opportunities and Challenges 1 A01 Phineas Sebopelo Phineas Sebopelo 2 A01 21 0000-0002-7100-5090 Joseph Evans Agolla Joseph Evans Agolla 03 00 This chapter critically reviews the literature on the use of AI (Artificial Intelligence) with specific reference to ODeL (open distance e-learning) institutions in SSA (Sub-Saharan Africa). A critical review of the literature was conducted on works that explored the application of AI in education through the search of popular databases on previously published works. These were carefully evaluated, synthesised, and evaluated for their fitness, and then systemically presented. The chapter highlights the various quality benefits accrued from the application of AI applications in education. The integration of AI in ODeL systems is linked to quality assurance challenges and the integrity of assessments, and poses significant new challenges to research, policy-making, and institution governance. 30 00 This chapter critically reviews the literature on the use of AI (Artificial Intelligence) with specific reference to ODeL (open distance e-learning) institutions in SSA (Sub-Saharan Africa). A critical review of the literature was conducted on works that explored the application of AI in education through the search of popular databases on previously published works. These were carefully evaluated, synthesised, and evaluated for their fitness, and then systemically presented. The chapter highlights the various quality benefits accrued from the application of AI applications in education. The integration of AI in ODeL systems is linked to quality assurance challenges and the integrity of assessments, and poses significant new challenges to research, policy-making, and institution governance. UJ Press 01 URL https://ujpress.uj.ac.za 01 UJ Press 01 Publisher's website: home page https://ujpress.uj.ac.za/ 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/279 Johannesburg 04 01 20250829 Erna Oliver, Geesje van den Berg 02 WORLD 06 15 9780906785959 06 15 9780906785973 06 15 9780906785966 WORLD 09 UJ Press 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this product https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/279 20 08 20250829 01 urn:uuid:127d20dd-e541-4b0e-b18a-e4d4cb0eeb16 03 01 01 thoth-work-id urn:uuid:e930848d-c17e-4ea0-a697-ff227f09f271 01 thoth-publication-id urn:uuid:127d20dd-e541-4b0e-b18a-e4d4cb0eeb16 15 9780906785959 06 10.64449/9780906785959 00 EB E107 10 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 01 01 Artificial Intelligence Transforming Higher Education Volume 1 1 B01 Geesje Van den Berg Geesje Van den Berg Geesje van den Berg is a full Professor at the University of South Africa (UNISA) in the Department of Curriculum and Instructional Studies. She is also a Commonwealth of Learning Chair in open distance learning (ODL) for Teacher Education. Her research primarily focuses on student interaction in online learning, academic capacity building, openness in education, and teachers' and students’ use of technology in ODL. She has published extensively as a sole author and co-author with colleagues and students in ODL and curriculum studies. She leads a collaborative project for academic capacity-building for UNISA academics in ODL, which is jointly undertaken by Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg in Germany and UNISA. She is currently the programme manager of the structured Master's in Education (ODL) programme and has supervised numerous masters and doctoral students. 2 A01 Michael Adarkwah Michael Adarkwah Michael Agyemang Adarkwah is a Research Associate at Friedrich Schiller University Jena in Germany. He served as a Postdoctoral Researcher at the Smart Learning Institute, Beijing Normal University (BNU), China. He obtained his Ph.D. in Education Leadership and Management from Southwest University, China. He has a bachelor’s degree in nursing and has worked as a Registered Nurse (RGN) in Ghana. He has given keynote speeches on Artificial Intelligence in Higher Education at the University of Portsmouth-Kaplan Symposium and the University of Ghana. His research interests are teaching and learning, motivation, assessment, digitalisation, computers and education, adult education, special education, linguistics, and healthcare education. He is an international peer reviewer and is part of the Editorial Board of the <em>Journal of Educational Studies and Multidisciplinary Approaches</em> (JESMA), the <em>International Journal of Modern Education Studies</em> (IJONMES), and <em>Social Education Research</em> (SER). He served as a Guest Editor for the <em>International Journal of Smart Technology</em> <em>and Learning</em>. He is an Associate Editor for <em>SN Social Sciences</em>. 3 A01 Samuel Amponsah Samuel Amponsah Samuel Amponsah is an Associate Professor at the University of Ghana and heads the Distance Education Department. Samuel’s scholarship gained international recognition as he has served as fellow of the Global Challenges Research Fund/Liverpool John Moores University digital fellowship programme in 2020 and completed a postdoctoral fellowship with the American University in Cairo under the sponsorship of the BECH-Africa and Andrew W. Mellon Foundation in 2022. In 2021, the University of South Africa appointed him as an Adjunct Associate Professor. Samuel has also been a Visiting Lecturer at Birmingham Christian College in the UK since 2022. His areas of research interest are adult learning, inclusive education, and open distance learning. Samuel is the Editor-in-Chief of the Multidisciplinary <em>Journal of Distance Learning</em> and has served as a Guest Editor for the <em>Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies in Education</em>, <em>International Journal of Smart Technology and Learning</em>, and the prestigious <em>British Journal of Educational Technology</em>. 4 A01 Elize Du Plessis Elize Du Plessis Elize du Plessis holds a Doctor of Education (D.Ed.) degree and has 35 years of experience in distance teaching. She currently holds the position of a full professor in the Department of Curriculum and Instructional Studies at the University of South Africa (Unisa) and actively participates in curriculum development within the School of Teacher Education. Her primary area of expertise is teacher training, with a specific focus on addressing the challenges associated with Open Distance e-Learning (OdeL) teacher education pedagogy and assessment practices. Her current research also extends to Artificial Intelligence (AI), such as ChatGPT. In her present role, Elize serves as the programme coordinator for the Post Graduate Certificate in Education programme, which specifically encompasses the Senior Phase and Further Education and Training. She excels in the development of course materials for student teachers and has contributed to numerous books and a wide range of journal articles. Furthermore, she has presented research papers at both national and international conferences. Additionally, Elize actively contributes to academia by serving as a national and international reviewer for multiple academic journals. She also plays a key role as a supervisor and external examiner for M.Ed. and D.Ed./Ph.D. students. 5 A01 Faiza Gani Faiza Gani Faiza Gani is a senior lecturer at the University of South Africa (UNISA) in the Department of Language Education, Arts and Culture. Her research is focused on ODL, online learning, technology enhanced learning, and quality assurance in ODL. She has worked in the ODL field for several years and is currently seconded to the Quality Assurance and enhancement office where she coordinates quality assurance for the college. This entails the coordination of reviews, quality assurance of study materials, and other related quality assurance activities in the college. As a developing researcher she has co-published in the field on online learning and ODL. 6 A01 Marlene Holmner Marlene Holmner Marlene Holmner obtained a BA degree from the University of Pretoria in 1995, and a BA (Hons) Information Science (Cum Laude) in 1997. This was followed in 1999 by an MA in Information Science (Cum Laude) from the same institution. She completed her DPhil in 2008 with the title: <em>A critical analysis of information and knowledge societies with specific reference to the interaction between local and global knowledge systems</em>. She is currently an Associate Professor in the Department of Information Science, University at Pretoria. She serves on the Information Technology for Development Editorial Board, and several other journal editorial boards. She is also active in ASIS&amp;T, serving as officer in 2021-2023 and a Steering Committee member of African Center of Excellence in Information Ethics. Marlene publishes primarily in the areas of information ethics, information communication for development, and ICT in education. 7 A01 Lebo Mudau Lebo Mudau Patience Kelebogile Mudau (PhD) is an Associate Professor and acting Chair of Department in the Department of Curriculum and Instructional Studies, in the College of Education at Unisa. She is involved in the coordination of the Online Teaching and Learning Certificate of Advanced Studies (CAS) project between UNISA and the Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg. She teaches in the Master of Education (specialising in ODL) programme. Her research interests are academic capacity building, open education practices, and technology-enhanced learning. 8 A01 Nicky Tjano Nicky Tjano Nicky Tjano is currently the Director of Teaching &amp; Learning Strategy, Projects, and Portfolio Performance (Secondment) in the office of the VP: Teaching, Learning, Community Engagement, and Student Support (TLCESS) at UNISA. He is substantively appointed as a Curriculum and Learning Development (CLD) Specialist in the Directorate Curriculum Development and Transformation (DCDT). Prior to this appointment, he was a Senior Lecturer in the Business Management Department in the College of Economic and Management Sciences (CEMS). He was also seconded to the Deanery under Tuition and Student Support office as a Technology Enhanced Teaching and Learning Coordinator (TELC). In this role, he was responsible for supporting academics in the exploration and integration of tools for technology-enhanced teaching. He was also responsible for coordinating the capacity development of academics in the use of teaching tools whilst also facilitating appropriate measures for change management in the College. Amidst these roles he was playing an active role in the Digitalisation of Teaching and Learning Solution (DTLS) project driving the implementation of (OdeL) programme initiatives in line with Unisa’s 2030 Strategic Agenda. He completed MCom at the University of Johannesburg (UJ) and has completed a PhD at Unisa. He is currently supervising Masters and Doctoral candidates in the area of corporate governance, corporate sustainability, entrepreneurship, technology-mediated learning, artificial intelligence and data science. In terms of awards, he was voted the best employee of the year in 2011, received the Chancellor’s award in 2012 for the Best Overall performance Service, and received CEMS’ Excellence award in 2021. 9 A01 Brenda Van Wyk Brenda Van Wyk Brenda van Wyk (PhD; MEd; MInf) is currently a Senior Academic and Research Fellow in the EBIT Faculty at the University of Pretoria. Previous positions include the Head of Academic Information Services at the Independent Institute of Education (IIE) and the Dean of Research at the IIE. She has been responsible for literacy teaching, postgraduate supervisor training, and postgraduate support in her current as well as previous positions. She has a passion for technology-assisted teaching and learning towards digital inclusion and cognitive social justice. Her research interests include open scholarship, metaliteracy, and information ethics. She serves on the steering committee of ACEIE. She managed several higher education projects, including the planning and implementation of research management systems and repositories. She is the Managing Editor of a DHET accredited journal, the <em>Independent Journal of Teaching and Learning</em> (IJTL). She is the Co-Chair if ICIL-Africa. She has published several manuscripts and articles in academic journals, chapters in books and conference proceedings. She is a research associate with JET Education Services. 10 A01 Micheal Van Wyk Micheal Van Wyk Micheal van Wyk is a professor in Economics Education and an NRF-rated researcher at the College of Education, University of South Africa (UNISA). He is a qualified professional teacher, published articles in highly impacted journals, supervised doctoral and master’s degree students, read conference papers, published conference proceedings, edited academic books and was awarded external grants. He is a flipped instructional designer researcher in ODeL research. In 2013, he was awarded for his novel educational contributions to Economics Education in teacher education, the Chancellor Award for Excellence in Research (UNISA). In 2018, he was awarded the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning for his groundbreaking research on the e-portfolio as an alternative assessment approach in teacher education at both the College of Education and the University of South Africa. One of his recent articles entitled, <em>Students’ perceptions of the flipped classroom pedagogy in an open distance e-learning university</em> (2020), was published in <em>Ubiquitous Learning: An International Journal</em> (SCOPUS) and voted as the best scholarly publication by the journal vetting panel and was consequently awarded the International Award for Excellence for Research (2020), Common Ground Research Network, University of Chicago, USA. In 2023, he was an awardee of the Chancellor’s Award for Excellence in Research (UNISA). He is also serving on international journal editorial boards and vetting panels. He was recently awarded the Medal of Honor Education from the Education Association of South Africa. He is the Associate Editor for <em>Heliyon: Education</em> (Scopus). His research interests are digital technologies, generative artificial intelligence, digital game-based learning, flipped pedagogy, e-Portfolios, authentic assessment, and Economics Education. 01 eng 00 386 03 93 5YS 20 Artificial Intelligence 10 EDU001030 20 Higher Education; 20 Student-centred; 20 Educator; 20 Student; 20 4IR; 20 Education 4.0; 20 Learning 3.0; 01 06 02 00 When the rhythm of the music changes, the dance steps must also change. Step onto the cusp of a new era in teaching and learning. Informed by leading innovators in education technology, this book offers a clear, practical roadmap to turn the promises of/about AI and LLMs into campus-ready solutions 03 00 When the rhythm of the music changes, the dance steps must change alsoStep onto the cusp of a new era in teaching and learning. Informed by leading innovators in education technology, this book offers a clear, practical roadmap to turn the promises of/about AI and LLMs into campus-ready solutions. Discover how to harness intelligent tools without losing sight of the human connections that define higher education. Inside these books you will learn how to• craft personalised learning experiences that enhance student engagement and success;• safeguard academic integrity while embracing AI-driven assessments;• empower yourselves with intuitive, low-barrier AI tools for content creation and feedback;• leverage data analytics to close equity gaps and support at-risk students; and• build an ethical AI and LLM strategy that aligns with higher educational missions and values.Whether you are an educator or instructor rethinking lesson design, or a manager streamlining support services, these volumes provide insights and guidance to lead change that will transform higher education culture, elevate outcomes, and equip graduates for work in an AI-infused world. 30 00 When the rhythm of the music changes, the dance steps must change alsoStep onto the cusp of a new era in teaching and learning. Informed by leading innovators in education technology, this book offers a clear, practical roadmap to turn the promises of/about AI and LLMs into campus-ready solutions. Discover how to harness intelligent tools without losing sight of the human connections that define higher education. Inside these books you will learn how to• craft personalised learning experiences that enhance student engagement and success;• safeguard academic integrity while embracing AI-driven assessments;• empower yourselves with intuitive, low-barrier AI tools for content creation and feedback;• leverage data analytics to close equity gaps and support at-risk students; and• build an ethical AI and LLM strategy that aligns with higher educational missions and values.Whether you are an educator or instructor rethinking lesson design, or a manager streamlining support services, these volumes provide insights and guidance to lead change that will transform higher education culture, elevate outcomes, and equip graduates for work in an AI-infused world. 04 00 Foreword When the rhythm of the music changes, the dance step must change also Tony J. Mays DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780906785959-00 PDF Transforming Higher Educational Pedagogies in the Humanities through Artificial Intelligence Garth Aziz DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780906785959-01 PDF Ahead of the Artificial Intelligence Curve Changing Roles of Information Professionals in Higher Education Lorette Jacobs, Karin McGuirk DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780906785959-02 PDF AI and the Existence of Everything Erna Oliver DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780906785959-03 PDF Working with AI An Integrated, Process-Based Framework for Posthumanist Teaching in Higher Education Johannes Cronjé DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780906785959-04 PDF Augmented or Automated Examining the Role of AI in Reimagining Instructional Design in Higher Education Karen Ferreira-Meyers DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780906785959-05 PDF Intelligent Frameworks for Assessment in AI-Enhanced Learning Environments Lilia Cheniti-Belcadhi , Mohamed Mitwally, Asma Hadyaoui DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780906785959-06 PDF Dimensional Approach for a Digital Transformation Process in Higher Education Elmarie Kritzinger, Sarah Jane Johnston DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780906785959-07 PDF When Artificial Intelligence Meets Contemplative Studies Making Higher Education more Wholistic Hiro Saito DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780906785959-08 PDF Artificial Intelligence In Education Africa’s Prospects and Challenges Joseph Evans Agolla, Phineas Sebopelo DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780906785959-09 PDF Artificial Intelligence in Open Distance e-Learning Institutions in Sub‑Saharan Africa Quality Assurance Opportunities and Challenges Phineas Sebopelo , Joseph Evans Agolla DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780906785959-10 PDF 20 00 Open Access 01 00 03 02 https://books.ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/10.64449/9780906785959_frontcover.jpg 1 03 06 10.64449/9780906785959-00 ix xxvi 18 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Chapter 01 01 Foreword When the rhythm of the music changes, the dance step must change also 1 A01 Tony J. Mays Tony J. Mays 02 00 When Prof (Professor) Geesje van den Berg first informed me that they were working on a book about AI in education, I was thrilled, as discussions surrounding technological innovation are often dominated by the discourse of the Global North, meaning that the voices from the developing economies of the Global South are insufficiently represented. 03 00 When Prof (Professor) Geesje van den Berg first informed me that they were working on a book about AI in education, I was thrilled, as discussions surrounding technological innovation are often dominated by the discourse of the Global North, meaning that the voices from the developing economies of the Global South are insufficiently represented. When she later invited me to contribute a foreword, I felt both honoured and intrigued to be considered, as there are many individuals undertaking pioneering work in this field who might offer a more unique perspective. However, Prof Van den Berg and I have known each other for many years, having collaborated at UNISA on an interim educator qualification called the National Professional Diploma in Education, and subsequently on a Master’s programme in open and distance learning (ODL), as well as having contributed to the same textbook on Curriculum Studies. Therefore, I was confident that the new publication would be something to eagerly anticipate. 30 00 When Prof (Professor) Geesje van den Berg first informed me that they were working on a book about AI in education, I was thrilled, as discussions surrounding technological innovation are often dominated by the discourse of the Global North, meaning that the voices from the developing economies of the Global South are insufficiently represented. When she later invited me to contribute a foreword, I felt both honoured and intrigued to be considered, as there are many individuals undertaking pioneering work in this field who might offer a more unique perspective. However, Prof Van den Berg and I have known each other for many years, having collaborated at UNISA on an interim educator qualification called the National Professional Diploma in Education, and subsequently on a Master’s programme in open and distance learning (ODL), as well as having contributed to the same textbook on Curriculum Studies. Therefore, I was confident that the new publication would be something to eagerly anticipate. 20 00 Open Access Tony J. Mays 2 03 06 10.64449/9780906785959-01 1 22 Chapter 01 01 Transforming Higher Educational Pedagogies in the Humanities through Artificial Intelligence 1 A01 Garth Aziz Garth Aziz 03 00 AI (artificial intelligence) is no stranger to education as it has been implemented extensively in education and is continuing to gain interest and attention (Chen, Chen, &amp; Lin 2020:75265). AI has been part of education since the early 1950s to ‘understand and improve human and machine cognition’ in the advancement of education (Doroudi 2022:885). Understandably, this strive for educational advancement was mainly in the learning sciences, associated with computers, underpinned by behaviourism, and may not have had any consideration for other disciplines or theories in education that may be deemed as ‘antiscience,’ such as the humanities (cf. Doroudi 2022:895; Chen et al. 2020:75267). Consequently, it is construed that the situated learning theories did not only rise as a response to the limitations of cognitivism but also to that of AI (cf. Doroudi 2022:896; Chen et al. 2020:75267). The response from the situated learning theories to cognitivism and AI was immersing itself in qualitative research. While some of the proponents of situated learning leaned toward AI, this was not the dominant response (Doroudi 2022:897). 30 00 AI (artificial intelligence) is no stranger to education as it has been implemented extensively in education and is continuing to gain interest and attention (Chen, Chen, &amp; Lin 2020:75265). AI has been part of education since the early 1950s to ‘understand and improve human and machine cognition’ in the advancement of education (Doroudi 2022:885). Understandably, this strive for educational advancement was mainly in the learning sciences, associated with computers, underpinned by behaviourism, and may not have had any consideration for other disciplines or theories in education that may be deemed as ‘antiscience,’ such as the humanities (cf. Doroudi 2022:895; Chen et al. 2020:75267). Consequently, it is construed that the situated learning theories did not only rise as a response to the limitations of cognitivism but also to that of AI (cf. Doroudi 2022:896; Chen et al. 2020:75267). The response from the situated learning theories to cognitivism and AI was immersing itself in qualitative research. While some of the proponents of situated learning leaned toward AI, this was not the dominant response (Doroudi 2022:897). 3 03 06 10.64449/9780906785959-02 23 62 Chapter 01 01 Ahead of the Artificial Intelligence Curve Changing Roles of Information Professionals in Higher Education 1 A01 21 0000-0001-8081-7739 Lorette Jacobs Lorette Jacobs 2 A01 Karin McGuirk Karin McGuirk 03 00 In the digital era technological advancements brought about by AI (artificial intelligence) have extensively altered the manner in which information professionals should offer services and resources to cater for individualised information needs. Technological advances in AI combined with institutional changes, budget constraints, and alternative modes of delivery are affecting the scope and scale of services required of traditional information professionals. Information professionals therefore find themselves in a distorted and surreal world – a world that has changed in a way where AI and technological advancement create a context that is unfamiliar. Within the HE (higher education) sector where the focus is on fostering education, research, and societal development, the importance of information professionals in leading these institutions into the 5IR (fifth industrial revolution) by advancing their own skills and utilising technology towards personalising information services and resources, cannot be overemphasised. More research is required to assess whether the vision proposed by the researchers will prepare information professionals effectively to stay ahead of the AI curve. 30 00 In the digital era technological advancements brought about by AI (artificial intelligence) have extensively altered the manner in which information professionals should offer services and resources to cater for individualised information needs. Technological advances in AI combined with institutional changes, budget constraints, and alternative modes of delivery are affecting the scope and scale of services required of traditional information professionals. Information professionals therefore find themselves in a distorted and surreal world – a world that has changed in a way where AI and technological advancement create a context that is unfamiliar. Within the HE (higher education) sector where the focus is on fostering education, research, and societal development, the importance of information professionals in leading these institutions into the 5IR (fifth industrial revolution) by advancing their own skills and utilising technology towards personalising information services and resources, cannot be overemphasised. More research is required to assess whether the vision proposed by the researchers will prepare information professionals effectively to stay ahead of the AI curve. 4 03 06 10.64449/9780906785959-03 63 98 Chapter 01 01 AI and the Existence of Everything 1 B01 21 0000-0003-3606-1537 Erna Oliver Erna Oliver 03 00 Two outstanding truths that the educator of the 21st century is confronted with, are first, that we have entered the 4IR (fourth industrial revolution), also called the age of ‘big data’ (Anyoha 2017) and second, the acknowledgment that every student studies in a different/unique way. It is imperative for IHEs (institutions of higher education) to take note of the fact that there is no one-size-fits-all package for education (cf. Gous 2022:215), while the 4IR with all its disruptive elements is currently presenting itself in almost every aspect of our life. One of the best examples in which the 4IR presents itself is AI (artificial intelligence), although the latter has preceded the former with quite a couple of years. For many people AI has become part of their everyday existence and life. This also rings true for educators and administration personnel in IHEs. Holmes et al. (2019:202) put it this way: ‘AI has become an often hidden but integral, pervasive, and inescapable part of our daily lives. In fact, paradoxically, the more it is integrated into our lives, the less we tend to think of it as AI.’ Due to larger amounts of big data, new computational approaches, and faster computer processors the development of AI ‘has been both groundbreaking…and transformative’ (Holmes et al. 2019:202). A focal part of AI for education is that it is student-centred (Owan, Abang, Idika, Etta, &amp; Bassey 2023:2 of 15). 30 00 Two outstanding truths that the educator of the 21st century is confronted with, are first, that we have entered the 4IR (fourth industrial revolution), also called the age of ‘big data’ (Anyoha 2017) and second, the acknowledgment that every student studies in a different/unique way. It is imperative for IHEs (institutions of higher education) to take note of the fact that there is no one-size-fits-all package for education (cf. Gous 2022:215), while the 4IR with all its disruptive elements is currently presenting itself in almost every aspect of our life. One of the best examples in which the 4IR presents itself is AI (artificial intelligence), although the latter has preceded the former with quite a couple of years. For many people AI has become part of their everyday existence and life. This also rings true for educators and administration personnel in IHEs. Holmes et al. (2019:202) put it this way: ‘AI has become an often hidden but integral, pervasive, and inescapable part of our daily lives. In fact, paradoxically, the more it is integrated into our lives, the less we tend to think of it as AI.’ Due to larger amounts of big data, new computational approaches, and faster computer processors the development of AI ‘has been both groundbreaking…and transformative’ (Holmes et al. 2019:202). A focal part of AI for education is that it is student-centred (Owan, Abang, Idika, Etta, &amp; Bassey 2023:2 of 15). 5 03 06 10.64449/9780906785959-04 99 128 Chapter 01 01 Working with AI An Integrated, Process-Based Framework for Posthumanist Teaching in Higher Education 1 A01 Johannes Cronjé Johannes Cronjé 03 00 This chapter explores the potential of integrated learning tasks in view of AI (artificial intelligence) in HE (higher education). AI has democratised content production, but it also poses challenges in distinguishing work done by AI from that done by humans. It suggests that integrated learning tasks can help mitigate these challenges by emphasising the process of writing with AI and focusing on the task rather than the learner. The chapter describes a case study in which students were asked to generate a research topic for themselves and then use ChatGPT (chat generative pre-trained transformer) – a language model AI – to generate prompts for their literature survey. The students then used a spreadsheet to organise their research and a branching tree diagram to form the outline of their literature survey. They used mail merge to extract relevant quotations from their spreadsheets and then used a chatbot to assist them in assembling the final literature survey. We compared the work done by the students in the case study to a group of fifth-year students who did not follow the process and found that the students who used the integrated learning approach had developed an insight in the responsible and ethical use of AI. They also had a much clearer understanding of the research process. In contrast, the fifth-year group simply asked the AI to write the literature survey, resulting in a well-written but vacuous piece of work filled with falsehoods, hallucinations, and fake references. The chapter concludes by pointing out that constructivist learning tasks can help students develop a good understanding of the value of a good prompt and use a step-by-step approach to generate the final project. It suggests that in future, the emphasis should be placed on the process of writing with AI, whereas in a posthuman sense, the focus should not be on the student, but on the task. 30 00 This chapter explores the potential of integrated learning tasks in view of AI (artificial intelligence) in HE (higher education). AI has democratised content production, but it also poses challenges in distinguishing work done by AI from that done by humans. It suggests that integrated learning tasks can help mitigate these challenges by emphasising the process of writing with AI and focusing on the task rather than the learner. The chapter describes a case study in which students were asked to generate a research topic for themselves and then use ChatGPT (chat generative pre-trained transformer) – a language model AI – to generate prompts for their literature survey. The students then used a spreadsheet to organise their research and a branching tree diagram to form the outline of their literature survey. They used mail merge to extract relevant quotations from their spreadsheets and then used a chatbot to assist them in assembling the final literature survey. We compared the work done by the students in the case study to a group of fifth-year students who did not follow the process and found that the students who used the integrated learning approach had developed an insight in the responsible and ethical use of AI. They also had a much clearer understanding of the research process. In contrast, the fifth-year group simply asked the AI to write the literature survey, resulting in a well-written but vacuous piece of work filled with falsehoods, hallucinations, and fake references. The chapter concludes by pointing out that constructivist learning tasks can help students develop a good understanding of the value of a good prompt and use a step-by-step approach to generate the final project. It suggests that in future, the emphasis should be placed on the process of writing with AI, whereas in a posthuman sense, the focus should not be on the student, but on the task. 6 03 06 10.64449/9780906785959-05 129 152 Chapter 01 01 Augmented or Automated Examining the Role of AI in Reimagining Instructional Design in Higher Education 1 A01 Karen Ferreira-Meyers Karen Ferreira-Meyers 03 00 Rapid advancements in AI (artificial intelligence) and big data analytics have ushered in transformative possibilities for HE (higher education) and opened up new possibilities for enhancing teaching and learning. This chapter critically examines the applications of AI in instructional design, assessing current use cases and potential future implementations. It discusses the impact of AI on learning analytics, student modelling, intelligent and adaptive learning systems, AI teaching assistants, and tutors. The analysis aims to identify the trade-offs between augmentation and automation in learning design processes, emphasising the need for ethical and equitable applications. The chapter also explores policy implications to ensure widespread access to beneficial AI technologies. While AI presents opportunities to enhance teaching and learning, the chapter underscores the importance of preserving human expertise and agency in education. However, the rapid development of AI technologies also raises significant challenges, including ethical concerns, integration costs, and the potential displacement of educators’ roles. These complexities demand a thoughtful approach that balances innovation with caution. Examples from industries like healthcare and finance demonstrate the potential of AI to revolutionise practices while maintaining human oversight. 30 00 Rapid advancements in AI (artificial intelligence) and big data analytics have ushered in transformative possibilities for HE (higher education) and opened up new possibilities for enhancing teaching and learning. This chapter critically examines the applications of AI in instructional design, assessing current use cases and potential future implementations. It discusses the impact of AI on learning analytics, student modelling, intelligent and adaptive learning systems, AI teaching assistants, and tutors. The analysis aims to identify the trade-offs between augmentation and automation in learning design processes, emphasising the need for ethical and equitable applications. The chapter also explores policy implications to ensure widespread access to beneficial AI technologies. While AI presents opportunities to enhance teaching and learning, the chapter underscores the importance of preserving human expertise and agency in education. However, the rapid development of AI technologies also raises significant challenges, including ethical concerns, integration costs, and the potential displacement of educators’ roles. These complexities demand a thoughtful approach that balances innovation with caution. Examples from industries like healthcare and finance demonstrate the potential of AI to revolutionise practices while maintaining human oversight. 7 03 06 10.64449/9780906785959-06 153 200 48 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Intelligent Frameworks for Assessment in AI-Enhanced Learning Environments 1 A01 Lilia Cheniti-Belcadhi Lilia Cheniti-Belcadhi 2 A01 Mohamed Mitwally Mohamed Mitwally 3 A01 Asma Hadyaoui Asma Hadyaoui 02 00 Nowadays several critical challenges, opportunities, and trends in learning must be considered in the development and implementation of new learning environments. 03 00 Nowadays several critical challenges, opportunities, and trends in learning must be considered in the development and implementation of new learning environments. These include encouraging lifelong learning, valuing both informal and formal learning, addressing the open and social dimensions of learning, and recognising the different contexts where learning takes place. It is also crucial to address what today’s students need. We observe, however, that during the last years, knowledge acquisition and learning have been distributed and continue to occur in a world without boundaries. Students are collaborating more than ever beyond classroom boundaries, which become more and more irrelevant within formal settings. Moreover, the openness of knowledge resources and the social nature of the web through the participation, voting, collaboration, aggregation, and distribution it enables, are leading to a new generation of students, driven by openness, networking, and sharing. Considering the new requirements in terms of learning also raises challenges with regard to the assessment of learning. Student-centred and networked learning require new assessment models that address how to recognise and evaluate self-directed learning achievements. 30 00 Nowadays several critical challenges, opportunities, and trends in learning must be considered in the development and implementation of new learning environments. These include encouraging lifelong learning, valuing both informal and formal learning, addressing the open and social dimensions of learning, and recognising the different contexts where learning takes place. It is also crucial to address what today’s students need. We observe, however, that during the last years, knowledge acquisition and learning have been distributed and continue to occur in a world without boundaries. Students are collaborating more than ever beyond classroom boundaries, which become more and more irrelevant within formal settings. Moreover, the openness of knowledge resources and the social nature of the web through the participation, voting, collaboration, aggregation, and distribution it enables, are leading to a new generation of students, driven by openness, networking, and sharing. Considering the new requirements in terms of learning also raises challenges with regard to the assessment of learning. Student-centred and networked learning require new assessment models that address how to recognise and evaluate self-directed learning achievements. 20 00 Open Access Lilia Cheniti-Belcadhi , Mohamed Mitwally, Asma Hadyaoui 8 03 06 10.64449/9780906785959-07 203 224 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Dimensional Approach for a Digital Transformation Process in Higher Education 1 A01 Elmarie Kritzinger Elmarie Kritzinger 2 A01 Sarah Jane Johnston Sarah Jane Johnston 02 00 Technology has evolved over the last few decades and the development of new technologies are growing at an alarming rate. 03 00 Technology has evolved over the last few decades and the development of new technologies are growing at an alarming rate. Digital transformation activities are prominent (critical) to ensure that all business sectors incorporate and integrate new technologies to ensure viable business modules. Our business sector with digital transformation, which includes AI (Artificial Intelligence) adoption, is vital and ready to be integrated with the educational sector. This integration is not optional but vital for the survival and thriving of IHEs (institutions of higher education). 30 00 Technology has evolved over the last few decades and the development of new technologies are growing at an alarming rate. Digital transformation activities are prominent (critical) to ensure that all business sectors incorporate and integrate new technologies to ensure viable business modules. Our business sector with digital transformation, which includes AI (Artificial Intelligence) adoption, is vital and ready to be integrated with the educational sector. This integration is not optional but vital for the survival and thriving of IHEs (institutions of higher education). 20 00 Open Access Elmarie Kritzinger, Sarah Jane Johnston 9 03 06 10.64449/9780906785959-08 225 252 Chapter 01 01 When Artificial Intelligence Meets Contemplative Studies Making Higher Education more Wholistic 1 A01 Hiro Saito Hiro Saito 03 00 In the late 2010s, HE (higher education) leaders, practitioners, and researchers began to discuss how AI (artificial intelligence), as part and parcel of the 4IR (fourth industrial revolution), might transform IHEs (institutions of higher education) (Aoun 2017; Gleason 2018; Peters &amp; Jandrić 2019). As they enthusiastically embraced the 4IR, however, their discussions tended to focus on how IHEs should actively adapt to the AI-driven economy without critically reflecting on how IHEs might intervene and reshape the trajectory of the 4IR itself. In this regard, their mode of thinking was rather reactive (Saito 2022). 30 00 In the late 2010s, HE (higher education) leaders, practitioners, and researchers began to discuss how AI (artificial intelligence), as part and parcel of the 4IR (fourth industrial revolution), might transform IHEs (institutions of higher education) (Aoun 2017; Gleason 2018; Peters &amp; Jandrić 2019). As they enthusiastically embraced the 4IR, however, their discussions tended to focus on how IHEs should actively adapt to the AI-driven economy without critically reflecting on how IHEs might intervene and reshape the trajectory of the 4IR itself. In this regard, their mode of thinking was rather reactive (Saito 2022). 10 03 06 10.64449/9780906785959-09 253 296 Chapter 01 01 Artificial Intelligence In Education Africa’s Prospects and Challenges 1 A01 21 0000-0002-7100-5090 Joseph Evans Agolla Joseph Evans Agolla 2 A01 Phineas Sebopelo Phineas Sebopelo 03 00 The application of AI (artificial intelligence) in education is not something new as it might appear to be because it has already been integrated in learning and education services for several decades. During COVID-19, Africa, like the rest of the world was faced with challenges associated with the emergence of the pandemic, such as lockdown and social distancing imposed by the WHO (World Health Organisation) to contain the spread of the disease. The lockdown and social distancing resulted in the closure of social spaces such as education institutions and public places. To counter these measures brought by the COVID-19 pandemic and to ensure that businesses continue, organisations immediately turned to remote working using the power of AI tools (UNICEF 2022). In fact, this was the first evidence of a mass application of AI tools to ensure that learning continues in both developed and developing economies (cf. Georgescu &amp; Popescu 2015). 30 00 The application of AI (artificial intelligence) in education is not something new as it might appear to be because it has already been integrated in learning and education services for several decades. During COVID-19, Africa, like the rest of the world was faced with challenges associated with the emergence of the pandemic, such as lockdown and social distancing imposed by the WHO (World Health Organisation) to contain the spread of the disease. The lockdown and social distancing resulted in the closure of social spaces such as education institutions and public places. To counter these measures brought by the COVID-19 pandemic and to ensure that businesses continue, organisations immediately turned to remote working using the power of AI tools (UNICEF 2022). In fact, this was the first evidence of a mass application of AI tools to ensure that learning continues in both developed and developing economies (cf. Georgescu &amp; Popescu 2015). 11 03 06 10.64449/9780906785959-10 297 351 Chapter 01 01 Artificial Intelligence in Open Distance e-Learning Institutions in Sub‑Saharan Africa Quality Assurance Opportunities and Challenges 1 A01 Phineas Sebopelo Phineas Sebopelo 2 A01 21 0000-0002-7100-5090 Joseph Evans Agolla Joseph Evans Agolla 03 00 This chapter critically reviews the literature on the use of AI (Artificial Intelligence) with specific reference to ODeL (open distance e-learning) institutions in SSA (Sub-Saharan Africa). A critical review of the literature was conducted on works that explored the application of AI in education through the search of popular databases on previously published works. These were carefully evaluated, synthesised, and evaluated for their fitness, and then systemically presented. The chapter highlights the various quality benefits accrued from the application of AI applications in education. The integration of AI in ODeL systems is linked to quality assurance challenges and the integrity of assessments, and poses significant new challenges to research, policy-making, and institution governance. 30 00 This chapter critically reviews the literature on the use of AI (Artificial Intelligence) with specific reference to ODeL (open distance e-learning) institutions in SSA (Sub-Saharan Africa). A critical review of the literature was conducted on works that explored the application of AI in education through the search of popular databases on previously published works. These were carefully evaluated, synthesised, and evaluated for their fitness, and then systemically presented. The chapter highlights the various quality benefits accrued from the application of AI applications in education. The integration of AI in ODeL systems is linked to quality assurance challenges and the integrity of assessments, and poses significant new challenges to research, policy-making, and institution governance. UJ Press 01 URL https://ujpress.uj.ac.za 01 UJ Press 01 Publisher's website: home page https://ujpress.uj.ac.za/ 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/279 Johannesburg 04 01 20250829 Erna Oliver, Geesje van den Berg 02 WORLD 06 15 9780906785942 06 15 9780906785973 06 15 9780906785966 WORLD 11 Unknown 36 Unspecified hosting platform: webpage for this product https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/279 29 Unspecified hosting platform: download the title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/view/279/1260/5281 20 08 20250829 01 11 Unknown 36 Unspecified hosting platform: webpage for this product https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/279 29 Unspecified hosting platform: download the title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/view/279/1260/5286 20 08 20250829 01 urn:uuid:518fedcd-5e35-430b-9800-f25ed3870627 03 01 01 thoth-work-id urn:uuid:e930848d-c17e-4ea0-a697-ff227f09f271 01 thoth-publication-id urn:uuid:518fedcd-5e35-430b-9800-f25ed3870627 15 9780906785973 06 10.64449/9780906785959 00 EB E113 10 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 01 01 Artificial Intelligence Transforming Higher Education Volume 1 1 B01 Geesje Van den Berg Geesje Van den Berg Geesje van den Berg is a full Professor at the University of South Africa (UNISA) in the Department of Curriculum and Instructional Studies. She is also a Commonwealth of Learning Chair in open distance learning (ODL) for Teacher Education. Her research primarily focuses on student interaction in online learning, academic capacity building, openness in education, and teachers' and students’ use of technology in ODL. She has published extensively as a sole author and co-author with colleagues and students in ODL and curriculum studies. She leads a collaborative project for academic capacity-building for UNISA academics in ODL, which is jointly undertaken by Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg in Germany and UNISA. She is currently the programme manager of the structured Master's in Education (ODL) programme and has supervised numerous masters and doctoral students. 2 A01 Michael Adarkwah Michael Adarkwah Michael Agyemang Adarkwah is a Research Associate at Friedrich Schiller University Jena in Germany. He served as a Postdoctoral Researcher at the Smart Learning Institute, Beijing Normal University (BNU), China. He obtained his Ph.D. in Education Leadership and Management from Southwest University, China. He has a bachelor’s degree in nursing and has worked as a Registered Nurse (RGN) in Ghana. He has given keynote speeches on Artificial Intelligence in Higher Education at the University of Portsmouth-Kaplan Symposium and the University of Ghana. His research interests are teaching and learning, motivation, assessment, digitalisation, computers and education, adult education, special education, linguistics, and healthcare education. He is an international peer reviewer and is part of the Editorial Board of the <em>Journal of Educational Studies and Multidisciplinary Approaches</em> (JESMA), the <em>International Journal of Modern Education Studies</em> (IJONMES), and <em>Social Education Research</em> (SER). He served as a Guest Editor for the <em>International Journal of Smart Technology</em> <em>and Learning</em>. He is an Associate Editor for <em>SN Social Sciences</em>. 3 A01 Samuel Amponsah Samuel Amponsah Samuel Amponsah is an Associate Professor at the University of Ghana and heads the Distance Education Department. Samuel’s scholarship gained international recognition as he has served as fellow of the Global Challenges Research Fund/Liverpool John Moores University digital fellowship programme in 2020 and completed a postdoctoral fellowship with the American University in Cairo under the sponsorship of the BECH-Africa and Andrew W. Mellon Foundation in 2022. In 2021, the University of South Africa appointed him as an Adjunct Associate Professor. Samuel has also been a Visiting Lecturer at Birmingham Christian College in the UK since 2022. His areas of research interest are adult learning, inclusive education, and open distance learning. Samuel is the Editor-in-Chief of the Multidisciplinary <em>Journal of Distance Learning</em> and has served as a Guest Editor for the <em>Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies in Education</em>, <em>International Journal of Smart Technology and Learning</em>, and the prestigious <em>British Journal of Educational Technology</em>. 4 A01 Elize Du Plessis Elize Du Plessis Elize du Plessis holds a Doctor of Education (D.Ed.) degree and has 35 years of experience in distance teaching. She currently holds the position of a full professor in the Department of Curriculum and Instructional Studies at the University of South Africa (Unisa) and actively participates in curriculum development within the School of Teacher Education. Her primary area of expertise is teacher training, with a specific focus on addressing the challenges associated with Open Distance e-Learning (OdeL) teacher education pedagogy and assessment practices. Her current research also extends to Artificial Intelligence (AI), such as ChatGPT. In her present role, Elize serves as the programme coordinator for the Post Graduate Certificate in Education programme, which specifically encompasses the Senior Phase and Further Education and Training. She excels in the development of course materials for student teachers and has contributed to numerous books and a wide range of journal articles. Furthermore, she has presented research papers at both national and international conferences. Additionally, Elize actively contributes to academia by serving as a national and international reviewer for multiple academic journals. She also plays a key role as a supervisor and external examiner for M.Ed. and D.Ed./Ph.D. students. 5 A01 Faiza Gani Faiza Gani Faiza Gani is a senior lecturer at the University of South Africa (UNISA) in the Department of Language Education, Arts and Culture. Her research is focused on ODL, online learning, technology enhanced learning, and quality assurance in ODL. She has worked in the ODL field for several years and is currently seconded to the Quality Assurance and enhancement office where she coordinates quality assurance for the college. This entails the coordination of reviews, quality assurance of study materials, and other related quality assurance activities in the college. As a developing researcher she has co-published in the field on online learning and ODL. 6 A01 Marlene Holmner Marlene Holmner Marlene Holmner obtained a BA degree from the University of Pretoria in 1995, and a BA (Hons) Information Science (Cum Laude) in 1997. This was followed in 1999 by an MA in Information Science (Cum Laude) from the same institution. She completed her DPhil in 2008 with the title: <em>A critical analysis of information and knowledge societies with specific reference to the interaction between local and global knowledge systems</em>. She is currently an Associate Professor in the Department of Information Science, University at Pretoria. She serves on the Information Technology for Development Editorial Board, and several other journal editorial boards. She is also active in ASIS&amp;T, serving as officer in 2021-2023 and a Steering Committee member of African Center of Excellence in Information Ethics. Marlene publishes primarily in the areas of information ethics, information communication for development, and ICT in education. 7 A01 Lebo Mudau Lebo Mudau Patience Kelebogile Mudau (PhD) is an Associate Professor and acting Chair of Department in the Department of Curriculum and Instructional Studies, in the College of Education at Unisa. She is involved in the coordination of the Online Teaching and Learning Certificate of Advanced Studies (CAS) project between UNISA and the Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg. She teaches in the Master of Education (specialising in ODL) programme. Her research interests are academic capacity building, open education practices, and technology-enhanced learning. 8 A01 Nicky Tjano Nicky Tjano Nicky Tjano is currently the Director of Teaching &amp; Learning Strategy, Projects, and Portfolio Performance (Secondment) in the office of the VP: Teaching, Learning, Community Engagement, and Student Support (TLCESS) at UNISA. He is substantively appointed as a Curriculum and Learning Development (CLD) Specialist in the Directorate Curriculum Development and Transformation (DCDT). Prior to this appointment, he was a Senior Lecturer in the Business Management Department in the College of Economic and Management Sciences (CEMS). He was also seconded to the Deanery under Tuition and Student Support office as a Technology Enhanced Teaching and Learning Coordinator (TELC). In this role, he was responsible for supporting academics in the exploration and integration of tools for technology-enhanced teaching. He was also responsible for coordinating the capacity development of academics in the use of teaching tools whilst also facilitating appropriate measures for change management in the College. Amidst these roles he was playing an active role in the Digitalisation of Teaching and Learning Solution (DTLS) project driving the implementation of (OdeL) programme initiatives in line with Unisa’s 2030 Strategic Agenda. He completed MCom at the University of Johannesburg (UJ) and has completed a PhD at Unisa. He is currently supervising Masters and Doctoral candidates in the area of corporate governance, corporate sustainability, entrepreneurship, technology-mediated learning, artificial intelligence and data science. In terms of awards, he was voted the best employee of the year in 2011, received the Chancellor’s award in 2012 for the Best Overall performance Service, and received CEMS’ Excellence award in 2021. 9 A01 Brenda Van Wyk Brenda Van Wyk Brenda van Wyk (PhD; MEd; MInf) is currently a Senior Academic and Research Fellow in the EBIT Faculty at the University of Pretoria. Previous positions include the Head of Academic Information Services at the Independent Institute of Education (IIE) and the Dean of Research at the IIE. She has been responsible for literacy teaching, postgraduate supervisor training, and postgraduate support in her current as well as previous positions. She has a passion for technology-assisted teaching and learning towards digital inclusion and cognitive social justice. Her research interests include open scholarship, metaliteracy, and information ethics. She serves on the steering committee of ACEIE. She managed several higher education projects, including the planning and implementation of research management systems and repositories. She is the Managing Editor of a DHET accredited journal, the <em>Independent Journal of Teaching and Learning</em> (IJTL). She is the Co-Chair if ICIL-Africa. She has published several manuscripts and articles in academic journals, chapters in books and conference proceedings. She is a research associate with JET Education Services. 10 A01 Micheal Van Wyk Micheal Van Wyk Micheal van Wyk is a professor in Economics Education and an NRF-rated researcher at the College of Education, University of South Africa (UNISA). He is a qualified professional teacher, published articles in highly impacted journals, supervised doctoral and master’s degree students, read conference papers, published conference proceedings, edited academic books and was awarded external grants. He is a flipped instructional designer researcher in ODeL research. In 2013, he was awarded for his novel educational contributions to Economics Education in teacher education, the Chancellor Award for Excellence in Research (UNISA). In 2018, he was awarded the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning for his groundbreaking research on the e-portfolio as an alternative assessment approach in teacher education at both the College of Education and the University of South Africa. One of his recent articles entitled, <em>Students’ perceptions of the flipped classroom pedagogy in an open distance e-learning university</em> (2020), was published in <em>Ubiquitous Learning: An International Journal</em> (SCOPUS) and voted as the best scholarly publication by the journal vetting panel and was consequently awarded the International Award for Excellence for Research (2020), Common Ground Research Network, University of Chicago, USA. In 2023, he was an awardee of the Chancellor’s Award for Excellence in Research (UNISA). He is also serving on international journal editorial boards and vetting panels. He was recently awarded the Medal of Honor Education from the Education Association of South Africa. He is the Associate Editor for <em>Heliyon: Education</em> (Scopus). His research interests are digital technologies, generative artificial intelligence, digital game-based learning, flipped pedagogy, e-Portfolios, authentic assessment, and Economics Education. 01 eng 00 386 03 93 5YS 20 Artificial Intelligence 10 EDU001030 20 Higher Education; 20 Student-centred; 20 Educator; 20 Student; 20 4IR; 20 Education 4.0; 20 Learning 3.0; 01 06 02 00 When the rhythm of the music changes, the dance steps must also change. Step onto the cusp of a new era in teaching and learning. Informed by leading innovators in education technology, this book offers a clear, practical roadmap to turn the promises of/about AI and LLMs into campus-ready solutions 03 00 When the rhythm of the music changes, the dance steps must change alsoStep onto the cusp of a new era in teaching and learning. Informed by leading innovators in education technology, this book offers a clear, practical roadmap to turn the promises of/about AI and LLMs into campus-ready solutions. Discover how to harness intelligent tools without losing sight of the human connections that define higher education. Inside these books you will learn how to• craft personalised learning experiences that enhance student engagement and success;• safeguard academic integrity while embracing AI-driven assessments;• empower yourselves with intuitive, low-barrier AI tools for content creation and feedback;• leverage data analytics to close equity gaps and support at-risk students; and• build an ethical AI and LLM strategy that aligns with higher educational missions and values.Whether you are an educator or instructor rethinking lesson design, or a manager streamlining support services, these volumes provide insights and guidance to lead change that will transform higher education culture, elevate outcomes, and equip graduates for work in an AI-infused world. 30 00 When the rhythm of the music changes, the dance steps must change alsoStep onto the cusp of a new era in teaching and learning. Informed by leading innovators in education technology, this book offers a clear, practical roadmap to turn the promises of/about AI and LLMs into campus-ready solutions. Discover how to harness intelligent tools without losing sight of the human connections that define higher education. Inside these books you will learn how to• craft personalised learning experiences that enhance student engagement and success;• safeguard academic integrity while embracing AI-driven assessments;• empower yourselves with intuitive, low-barrier AI tools for content creation and feedback;• leverage data analytics to close equity gaps and support at-risk students; and• build an ethical AI and LLM strategy that aligns with higher educational missions and values.Whether you are an educator or instructor rethinking lesson design, or a manager streamlining support services, these volumes provide insights and guidance to lead change that will transform higher education culture, elevate outcomes, and equip graduates for work in an AI-infused world. 04 00 Foreword When the rhythm of the music changes, the dance step must change also Tony J. Mays DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780906785959-00 PDF Transforming Higher Educational Pedagogies in the Humanities through Artificial Intelligence Garth Aziz DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780906785959-01 PDF Ahead of the Artificial Intelligence Curve Changing Roles of Information Professionals in Higher Education Lorette Jacobs, Karin McGuirk DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780906785959-02 PDF AI and the Existence of Everything Erna Oliver DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780906785959-03 PDF Working with AI An Integrated, Process-Based Framework for Posthumanist Teaching in Higher Education Johannes Cronjé DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780906785959-04 PDF Augmented or Automated Examining the Role of AI in Reimagining Instructional Design in Higher Education Karen Ferreira-Meyers DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780906785959-05 PDF Intelligent Frameworks for Assessment in AI-Enhanced Learning Environments Lilia Cheniti-Belcadhi , Mohamed Mitwally, Asma Hadyaoui DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780906785959-06 PDF Dimensional Approach for a Digital Transformation Process in Higher Education Elmarie Kritzinger, Sarah Jane Johnston DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780906785959-07 PDF When Artificial Intelligence Meets Contemplative Studies Making Higher Education more Wholistic Hiro Saito DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780906785959-08 PDF Artificial Intelligence In Education Africa’s Prospects and Challenges Joseph Evans Agolla, Phineas Sebopelo DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780906785959-09 PDF Artificial Intelligence in Open Distance e-Learning Institutions in Sub‑Saharan Africa Quality Assurance Opportunities and Challenges Phineas Sebopelo , Joseph Evans Agolla DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780906785959-10 PDF 20 00 Open Access 01 00 03 02 https://books.ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/10.64449/9780906785959_frontcover.jpg 1 03 06 10.64449/9780906785959-00 ix xxvi 18 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Chapter 01 01 Foreword When the rhythm of the music changes, the dance step must change also 1 A01 Tony J. Mays Tony J. Mays 02 00 When Prof (Professor) Geesje van den Berg first informed me that they were working on a book about AI in education, I was thrilled, as discussions surrounding technological innovation are often dominated by the discourse of the Global North, meaning that the voices from the developing economies of the Global South are insufficiently represented. 03 00 When Prof (Professor) Geesje van den Berg first informed me that they were working on a book about AI in education, I was thrilled, as discussions surrounding technological innovation are often dominated by the discourse of the Global North, meaning that the voices from the developing economies of the Global South are insufficiently represented. When she later invited me to contribute a foreword, I felt both honoured and intrigued to be considered, as there are many individuals undertaking pioneering work in this field who might offer a more unique perspective. However, Prof Van den Berg and I have known each other for many years, having collaborated at UNISA on an interim educator qualification called the National Professional Diploma in Education, and subsequently on a Master’s programme in open and distance learning (ODL), as well as having contributed to the same textbook on Curriculum Studies. Therefore, I was confident that the new publication would be something to eagerly anticipate. 30 00 When Prof (Professor) Geesje van den Berg first informed me that they were working on a book about AI in education, I was thrilled, as discussions surrounding technological innovation are often dominated by the discourse of the Global North, meaning that the voices from the developing economies of the Global South are insufficiently represented. When she later invited me to contribute a foreword, I felt both honoured and intrigued to be considered, as there are many individuals undertaking pioneering work in this field who might offer a more unique perspective. However, Prof Van den Berg and I have known each other for many years, having collaborated at UNISA on an interim educator qualification called the National Professional Diploma in Education, and subsequently on a Master’s programme in open and distance learning (ODL), as well as having contributed to the same textbook on Curriculum Studies. Therefore, I was confident that the new publication would be something to eagerly anticipate. 20 00 Open Access Tony J. Mays 2 03 06 10.64449/9780906785959-01 1 22 Chapter 01 01 Transforming Higher Educational Pedagogies in the Humanities through Artificial Intelligence 1 A01 Garth Aziz Garth Aziz 03 00 AI (artificial intelligence) is no stranger to education as it has been implemented extensively in education and is continuing to gain interest and attention (Chen, Chen, &amp; Lin 2020:75265). AI has been part of education since the early 1950s to ‘understand and improve human and machine cognition’ in the advancement of education (Doroudi 2022:885). Understandably, this strive for educational advancement was mainly in the learning sciences, associated with computers, underpinned by behaviourism, and may not have had any consideration for other disciplines or theories in education that may be deemed as ‘antiscience,’ such as the humanities (cf. Doroudi 2022:895; Chen et al. 2020:75267). Consequently, it is construed that the situated learning theories did not only rise as a response to the limitations of cognitivism but also to that of AI (cf. Doroudi 2022:896; Chen et al. 2020:75267). The response from the situated learning theories to cognitivism and AI was immersing itself in qualitative research. While some of the proponents of situated learning leaned toward AI, this was not the dominant response (Doroudi 2022:897). 30 00 AI (artificial intelligence) is no stranger to education as it has been implemented extensively in education and is continuing to gain interest and attention (Chen, Chen, &amp; Lin 2020:75265). AI has been part of education since the early 1950s to ‘understand and improve human and machine cognition’ in the advancement of education (Doroudi 2022:885). Understandably, this strive for educational advancement was mainly in the learning sciences, associated with computers, underpinned by behaviourism, and may not have had any consideration for other disciplines or theories in education that may be deemed as ‘antiscience,’ such as the humanities (cf. Doroudi 2022:895; Chen et al. 2020:75267). Consequently, it is construed that the situated learning theories did not only rise as a response to the limitations of cognitivism but also to that of AI (cf. Doroudi 2022:896; Chen et al. 2020:75267). The response from the situated learning theories to cognitivism and AI was immersing itself in qualitative research. While some of the proponents of situated learning leaned toward AI, this was not the dominant response (Doroudi 2022:897). 3 03 06 10.64449/9780906785959-02 23 62 Chapter 01 01 Ahead of the Artificial Intelligence Curve Changing Roles of Information Professionals in Higher Education 1 A01 21 0000-0001-8081-7739 Lorette Jacobs Lorette Jacobs 2 A01 Karin McGuirk Karin McGuirk 03 00 In the digital era technological advancements brought about by AI (artificial intelligence) have extensively altered the manner in which information professionals should offer services and resources to cater for individualised information needs. Technological advances in AI combined with institutional changes, budget constraints, and alternative modes of delivery are affecting the scope and scale of services required of traditional information professionals. Information professionals therefore find themselves in a distorted and surreal world – a world that has changed in a way where AI and technological advancement create a context that is unfamiliar. Within the HE (higher education) sector where the focus is on fostering education, research, and societal development, the importance of information professionals in leading these institutions into the 5IR (fifth industrial revolution) by advancing their own skills and utilising technology towards personalising information services and resources, cannot be overemphasised. More research is required to assess whether the vision proposed by the researchers will prepare information professionals effectively to stay ahead of the AI curve. 30 00 In the digital era technological advancements brought about by AI (artificial intelligence) have extensively altered the manner in which information professionals should offer services and resources to cater for individualised information needs. Technological advances in AI combined with institutional changes, budget constraints, and alternative modes of delivery are affecting the scope and scale of services required of traditional information professionals. Information professionals therefore find themselves in a distorted and surreal world – a world that has changed in a way where AI and technological advancement create a context that is unfamiliar. Within the HE (higher education) sector where the focus is on fostering education, research, and societal development, the importance of information professionals in leading these institutions into the 5IR (fifth industrial revolution) by advancing their own skills and utilising technology towards personalising information services and resources, cannot be overemphasised. More research is required to assess whether the vision proposed by the researchers will prepare information professionals effectively to stay ahead of the AI curve. 4 03 06 10.64449/9780906785959-03 63 98 Chapter 01 01 AI and the Existence of Everything 1 B01 21 0000-0003-3606-1537 Erna Oliver Erna Oliver 03 00 Two outstanding truths that the educator of the 21st century is confronted with, are first, that we have entered the 4IR (fourth industrial revolution), also called the age of ‘big data’ (Anyoha 2017) and second, the acknowledgment that every student studies in a different/unique way. It is imperative for IHEs (institutions of higher education) to take note of the fact that there is no one-size-fits-all package for education (cf. Gous 2022:215), while the 4IR with all its disruptive elements is currently presenting itself in almost every aspect of our life. One of the best examples in which the 4IR presents itself is AI (artificial intelligence), although the latter has preceded the former with quite a couple of years. For many people AI has become part of their everyday existence and life. This also rings true for educators and administration personnel in IHEs. Holmes et al. (2019:202) put it this way: ‘AI has become an often hidden but integral, pervasive, and inescapable part of our daily lives. In fact, paradoxically, the more it is integrated into our lives, the less we tend to think of it as AI.’ Due to larger amounts of big data, new computational approaches, and faster computer processors the development of AI ‘has been both groundbreaking…and transformative’ (Holmes et al. 2019:202). A focal part of AI for education is that it is student-centred (Owan, Abang, Idika, Etta, &amp; Bassey 2023:2 of 15). 30 00 Two outstanding truths that the educator of the 21st century is confronted with, are first, that we have entered the 4IR (fourth industrial revolution), also called the age of ‘big data’ (Anyoha 2017) and second, the acknowledgment that every student studies in a different/unique way. It is imperative for IHEs (institutions of higher education) to take note of the fact that there is no one-size-fits-all package for education (cf. Gous 2022:215), while the 4IR with all its disruptive elements is currently presenting itself in almost every aspect of our life. One of the best examples in which the 4IR presents itself is AI (artificial intelligence), although the latter has preceded the former with quite a couple of years. For many people AI has become part of their everyday existence and life. This also rings true for educators and administration personnel in IHEs. Holmes et al. (2019:202) put it this way: ‘AI has become an often hidden but integral, pervasive, and inescapable part of our daily lives. In fact, paradoxically, the more it is integrated into our lives, the less we tend to think of it as AI.’ Due to larger amounts of big data, new computational approaches, and faster computer processors the development of AI ‘has been both groundbreaking…and transformative’ (Holmes et al. 2019:202). A focal part of AI for education is that it is student-centred (Owan, Abang, Idika, Etta, &amp; Bassey 2023:2 of 15). 5 03 06 10.64449/9780906785959-04 99 128 Chapter 01 01 Working with AI An Integrated, Process-Based Framework for Posthumanist Teaching in Higher Education 1 A01 Johannes Cronjé Johannes Cronjé 03 00 This chapter explores the potential of integrated learning tasks in view of AI (artificial intelligence) in HE (higher education). AI has democratised content production, but it also poses challenges in distinguishing work done by AI from that done by humans. It suggests that integrated learning tasks can help mitigate these challenges by emphasising the process of writing with AI and focusing on the task rather than the learner. The chapter describes a case study in which students were asked to generate a research topic for themselves and then use ChatGPT (chat generative pre-trained transformer) – a language model AI – to generate prompts for their literature survey. The students then used a spreadsheet to organise their research and a branching tree diagram to form the outline of their literature survey. They used mail merge to extract relevant quotations from their spreadsheets and then used a chatbot to assist them in assembling the final literature survey. We compared the work done by the students in the case study to a group of fifth-year students who did not follow the process and found that the students who used the integrated learning approach had developed an insight in the responsible and ethical use of AI. They also had a much clearer understanding of the research process. In contrast, the fifth-year group simply asked the AI to write the literature survey, resulting in a well-written but vacuous piece of work filled with falsehoods, hallucinations, and fake references. The chapter concludes by pointing out that constructivist learning tasks can help students develop a good understanding of the value of a good prompt and use a step-by-step approach to generate the final project. It suggests that in future, the emphasis should be placed on the process of writing with AI, whereas in a posthuman sense, the focus should not be on the student, but on the task. 30 00 This chapter explores the potential of integrated learning tasks in view of AI (artificial intelligence) in HE (higher education). AI has democratised content production, but it also poses challenges in distinguishing work done by AI from that done by humans. It suggests that integrated learning tasks can help mitigate these challenges by emphasising the process of writing with AI and focusing on the task rather than the learner. The chapter describes a case study in which students were asked to generate a research topic for themselves and then use ChatGPT (chat generative pre-trained transformer) – a language model AI – to generate prompts for their literature survey. The students then used a spreadsheet to organise their research and a branching tree diagram to form the outline of their literature survey. They used mail merge to extract relevant quotations from their spreadsheets and then used a chatbot to assist them in assembling the final literature survey. We compared the work done by the students in the case study to a group of fifth-year students who did not follow the process and found that the students who used the integrated learning approach had developed an insight in the responsible and ethical use of AI. They also had a much clearer understanding of the research process. In contrast, the fifth-year group simply asked the AI to write the literature survey, resulting in a well-written but vacuous piece of work filled with falsehoods, hallucinations, and fake references. The chapter concludes by pointing out that constructivist learning tasks can help students develop a good understanding of the value of a good prompt and use a step-by-step approach to generate the final project. It suggests that in future, the emphasis should be placed on the process of writing with AI, whereas in a posthuman sense, the focus should not be on the student, but on the task. 6 03 06 10.64449/9780906785959-05 129 152 Chapter 01 01 Augmented or Automated Examining the Role of AI in Reimagining Instructional Design in Higher Education 1 A01 Karen Ferreira-Meyers Karen Ferreira-Meyers 03 00 Rapid advancements in AI (artificial intelligence) and big data analytics have ushered in transformative possibilities for HE (higher education) and opened up new possibilities for enhancing teaching and learning. This chapter critically examines the applications of AI in instructional design, assessing current use cases and potential future implementations. It discusses the impact of AI on learning analytics, student modelling, intelligent and adaptive learning systems, AI teaching assistants, and tutors. The analysis aims to identify the trade-offs between augmentation and automation in learning design processes, emphasising the need for ethical and equitable applications. The chapter also explores policy implications to ensure widespread access to beneficial AI technologies. While AI presents opportunities to enhance teaching and learning, the chapter underscores the importance of preserving human expertise and agency in education. However, the rapid development of AI technologies also raises significant challenges, including ethical concerns, integration costs, and the potential displacement of educators’ roles. These complexities demand a thoughtful approach that balances innovation with caution. Examples from industries like healthcare and finance demonstrate the potential of AI to revolutionise practices while maintaining human oversight. 30 00 Rapid advancements in AI (artificial intelligence) and big data analytics have ushered in transformative possibilities for HE (higher education) and opened up new possibilities for enhancing teaching and learning. This chapter critically examines the applications of AI in instructional design, assessing current use cases and potential future implementations. It discusses the impact of AI on learning analytics, student modelling, intelligent and adaptive learning systems, AI teaching assistants, and tutors. The analysis aims to identify the trade-offs between augmentation and automation in learning design processes, emphasising the need for ethical and equitable applications. The chapter also explores policy implications to ensure widespread access to beneficial AI technologies. While AI presents opportunities to enhance teaching and learning, the chapter underscores the importance of preserving human expertise and agency in education. However, the rapid development of AI technologies also raises significant challenges, including ethical concerns, integration costs, and the potential displacement of educators’ roles. These complexities demand a thoughtful approach that balances innovation with caution. Examples from industries like healthcare and finance demonstrate the potential of AI to revolutionise practices while maintaining human oversight. 7 03 06 10.64449/9780906785959-06 153 200 48 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Intelligent Frameworks for Assessment in AI-Enhanced Learning Environments 1 A01 Lilia Cheniti-Belcadhi Lilia Cheniti-Belcadhi 2 A01 Mohamed Mitwally Mohamed Mitwally 3 A01 Asma Hadyaoui Asma Hadyaoui 02 00 Nowadays several critical challenges, opportunities, and trends in learning must be considered in the development and implementation of new learning environments. 03 00 Nowadays several critical challenges, opportunities, and trends in learning must be considered in the development and implementation of new learning environments. These include encouraging lifelong learning, valuing both informal and formal learning, addressing the open and social dimensions of learning, and recognising the different contexts where learning takes place. It is also crucial to address what today’s students need. We observe, however, that during the last years, knowledge acquisition and learning have been distributed and continue to occur in a world without boundaries. Students are collaborating more than ever beyond classroom boundaries, which become more and more irrelevant within formal settings. Moreover, the openness of knowledge resources and the social nature of the web through the participation, voting, collaboration, aggregation, and distribution it enables, are leading to a new generation of students, driven by openness, networking, and sharing. Considering the new requirements in terms of learning also raises challenges with regard to the assessment of learning. Student-centred and networked learning require new assessment models that address how to recognise and evaluate self-directed learning achievements. 30 00 Nowadays several critical challenges, opportunities, and trends in learning must be considered in the development and implementation of new learning environments. These include encouraging lifelong learning, valuing both informal and formal learning, addressing the open and social dimensions of learning, and recognising the different contexts where learning takes place. It is also crucial to address what today’s students need. We observe, however, that during the last years, knowledge acquisition and learning have been distributed and continue to occur in a world without boundaries. Students are collaborating more than ever beyond classroom boundaries, which become more and more irrelevant within formal settings. Moreover, the openness of knowledge resources and the social nature of the web through the participation, voting, collaboration, aggregation, and distribution it enables, are leading to a new generation of students, driven by openness, networking, and sharing. Considering the new requirements in terms of learning also raises challenges with regard to the assessment of learning. Student-centred and networked learning require new assessment models that address how to recognise and evaluate self-directed learning achievements. 20 00 Open Access Lilia Cheniti-Belcadhi , Mohamed Mitwally, Asma Hadyaoui 8 03 06 10.64449/9780906785959-07 203 224 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Dimensional Approach for a Digital Transformation Process in Higher Education 1 A01 Elmarie Kritzinger Elmarie Kritzinger 2 A01 Sarah Jane Johnston Sarah Jane Johnston 02 00 Technology has evolved over the last few decades and the development of new technologies are growing at an alarming rate. 03 00 Technology has evolved over the last few decades and the development of new technologies are growing at an alarming rate. Digital transformation activities are prominent (critical) to ensure that all business sectors incorporate and integrate new technologies to ensure viable business modules. Our business sector with digital transformation, which includes AI (Artificial Intelligence) adoption, is vital and ready to be integrated with the educational sector. This integration is not optional but vital for the survival and thriving of IHEs (institutions of higher education). 30 00 Technology has evolved over the last few decades and the development of new technologies are growing at an alarming rate. Digital transformation activities are prominent (critical) to ensure that all business sectors incorporate and integrate new technologies to ensure viable business modules. Our business sector with digital transformation, which includes AI (Artificial Intelligence) adoption, is vital and ready to be integrated with the educational sector. This integration is not optional but vital for the survival and thriving of IHEs (institutions of higher education). 20 00 Open Access Elmarie Kritzinger, Sarah Jane Johnston 9 03 06 10.64449/9780906785959-08 225 252 Chapter 01 01 When Artificial Intelligence Meets Contemplative Studies Making Higher Education more Wholistic 1 A01 Hiro Saito Hiro Saito 03 00 In the late 2010s, HE (higher education) leaders, practitioners, and researchers began to discuss how AI (artificial intelligence), as part and parcel of the 4IR (fourth industrial revolution), might transform IHEs (institutions of higher education) (Aoun 2017; Gleason 2018; Peters &amp; Jandrić 2019). As they enthusiastically embraced the 4IR, however, their discussions tended to focus on how IHEs should actively adapt to the AI-driven economy without critically reflecting on how IHEs might intervene and reshape the trajectory of the 4IR itself. In this regard, their mode of thinking was rather reactive (Saito 2022). 30 00 In the late 2010s, HE (higher education) leaders, practitioners, and researchers began to discuss how AI (artificial intelligence), as part and parcel of the 4IR (fourth industrial revolution), might transform IHEs (institutions of higher education) (Aoun 2017; Gleason 2018; Peters &amp; Jandrić 2019). As they enthusiastically embraced the 4IR, however, their discussions tended to focus on how IHEs should actively adapt to the AI-driven economy without critically reflecting on how IHEs might intervene and reshape the trajectory of the 4IR itself. In this regard, their mode of thinking was rather reactive (Saito 2022). 10 03 06 10.64449/9780906785959-09 253 296 Chapter 01 01 Artificial Intelligence In Education Africa’s Prospects and Challenges 1 A01 21 0000-0002-7100-5090 Joseph Evans Agolla Joseph Evans Agolla 2 A01 Phineas Sebopelo Phineas Sebopelo 03 00 The application of AI (artificial intelligence) in education is not something new as it might appear to be because it has already been integrated in learning and education services for several decades. During COVID-19, Africa, like the rest of the world was faced with challenges associated with the emergence of the pandemic, such as lockdown and social distancing imposed by the WHO (World Health Organisation) to contain the spread of the disease. The lockdown and social distancing resulted in the closure of social spaces such as education institutions and public places. To counter these measures brought by the COVID-19 pandemic and to ensure that businesses continue, organisations immediately turned to remote working using the power of AI tools (UNICEF 2022). In fact, this was the first evidence of a mass application of AI tools to ensure that learning continues in both developed and developing economies (cf. Georgescu &amp; Popescu 2015). 30 00 The application of AI (artificial intelligence) in education is not something new as it might appear to be because it has already been integrated in learning and education services for several decades. During COVID-19, Africa, like the rest of the world was faced with challenges associated with the emergence of the pandemic, such as lockdown and social distancing imposed by the WHO (World Health Organisation) to contain the spread of the disease. The lockdown and social distancing resulted in the closure of social spaces such as education institutions and public places. To counter these measures brought by the COVID-19 pandemic and to ensure that businesses continue, organisations immediately turned to remote working using the power of AI tools (UNICEF 2022). In fact, this was the first evidence of a mass application of AI tools to ensure that learning continues in both developed and developing economies (cf. Georgescu &amp; Popescu 2015). 11 03 06 10.64449/9780906785959-10 297 351 Chapter 01 01 Artificial Intelligence in Open Distance e-Learning Institutions in Sub‑Saharan Africa Quality Assurance Opportunities and Challenges 1 A01 Phineas Sebopelo Phineas Sebopelo 2 A01 21 0000-0002-7100-5090 Joseph Evans Agolla Joseph Evans Agolla 03 00 This chapter critically reviews the literature on the use of AI (Artificial Intelligence) with specific reference to ODeL (open distance e-learning) institutions in SSA (Sub-Saharan Africa). A critical review of the literature was conducted on works that explored the application of AI in education through the search of popular databases on previously published works. These were carefully evaluated, synthesised, and evaluated for their fitness, and then systemically presented. The chapter highlights the various quality benefits accrued from the application of AI applications in education. The integration of AI in ODeL systems is linked to quality assurance challenges and the integrity of assessments, and poses significant new challenges to research, policy-making, and institution governance. 30 00 This chapter critically reviews the literature on the use of AI (Artificial Intelligence) with specific reference to ODeL (open distance e-learning) institutions in SSA (Sub-Saharan Africa). A critical review of the literature was conducted on works that explored the application of AI in education through the search of popular databases on previously published works. These were carefully evaluated, synthesised, and evaluated for their fitness, and then systemically presented. The chapter highlights the various quality benefits accrued from the application of AI applications in education. The integration of AI in ODeL systems is linked to quality assurance challenges and the integrity of assessments, and poses significant new challenges to research, policy-making, and institution governance. UJ Press 01 URL https://ujpress.uj.ac.za 01 UJ Press 01 Publisher's website: home page https://ujpress.uj.ac.za/ 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/279 Johannesburg 04 01 20250829 Erna Oliver, Geesje van den Berg 02 WORLD 06 15 9780906785942 06 15 9780906785959 06 15 9780906785966 WORLD 11 Unknown 36 Unspecified hosting platform: webpage for this product https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/279 29 Unspecified hosting platform: download the title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/view/279/1262/5297 20 08 20250829 01 urn:uuid:650a24f1-a71d-4083-ae27-18d87eba8f68 03 01 01 thoth-work-id urn:uuid:e930848d-c17e-4ea0-a697-ff227f09f271 01 thoth-publication-id urn:uuid:650a24f1-a71d-4083-ae27-18d87eba8f68 15 9780906785966 06 10.64449/9780906785959 00 EB E101 10 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 01 01 Artificial Intelligence Transforming Higher Education Volume 1 1 B01 Geesje Van den Berg Geesje Van den Berg Geesje van den Berg is a full Professor at the University of South Africa (UNISA) in the Department of Curriculum and Instructional Studies. She is also a Commonwealth of Learning Chair in open distance learning (ODL) for Teacher Education. Her research primarily focuses on student interaction in online learning, academic capacity building, openness in education, and teachers' and students’ use of technology in ODL. She has published extensively as a sole author and co-author with colleagues and students in ODL and curriculum studies. She leads a collaborative project for academic capacity-building for UNISA academics in ODL, which is jointly undertaken by Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg in Germany and UNISA. She is currently the programme manager of the structured Master's in Education (ODL) programme and has supervised numerous masters and doctoral students. 2 A01 Michael Adarkwah Michael Adarkwah Michael Agyemang Adarkwah is a Research Associate at Friedrich Schiller University Jena in Germany. He served as a Postdoctoral Researcher at the Smart Learning Institute, Beijing Normal University (BNU), China. He obtained his Ph.D. in Education Leadership and Management from Southwest University, China. He has a bachelor’s degree in nursing and has worked as a Registered Nurse (RGN) in Ghana. He has given keynote speeches on Artificial Intelligence in Higher Education at the University of Portsmouth-Kaplan Symposium and the University of Ghana. His research interests are teaching and learning, motivation, assessment, digitalisation, computers and education, adult education, special education, linguistics, and healthcare education. He is an international peer reviewer and is part of the Editorial Board of the <em>Journal of Educational Studies and Multidisciplinary Approaches</em> (JESMA), the <em>International Journal of Modern Education Studies</em> (IJONMES), and <em>Social Education Research</em> (SER). He served as a Guest Editor for the <em>International Journal of Smart Technology</em> <em>and Learning</em>. He is an Associate Editor for <em>SN Social Sciences</em>. 3 A01 Samuel Amponsah Samuel Amponsah Samuel Amponsah is an Associate Professor at the University of Ghana and heads the Distance Education Department. Samuel’s scholarship gained international recognition as he has served as fellow of the Global Challenges Research Fund/Liverpool John Moores University digital fellowship programme in 2020 and completed a postdoctoral fellowship with the American University in Cairo under the sponsorship of the BECH-Africa and Andrew W. Mellon Foundation in 2022. In 2021, the University of South Africa appointed him as an Adjunct Associate Professor. Samuel has also been a Visiting Lecturer at Birmingham Christian College in the UK since 2022. His areas of research interest are adult learning, inclusive education, and open distance learning. Samuel is the Editor-in-Chief of the Multidisciplinary <em>Journal of Distance Learning</em> and has served as a Guest Editor for the <em>Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies in Education</em>, <em>International Journal of Smart Technology and Learning</em>, and the prestigious <em>British Journal of Educational Technology</em>. 4 A01 Elize Du Plessis Elize Du Plessis Elize du Plessis holds a Doctor of Education (D.Ed.) degree and has 35 years of experience in distance teaching. She currently holds the position of a full professor in the Department of Curriculum and Instructional Studies at the University of South Africa (Unisa) and actively participates in curriculum development within the School of Teacher Education. Her primary area of expertise is teacher training, with a specific focus on addressing the challenges associated with Open Distance e-Learning (OdeL) teacher education pedagogy and assessment practices. Her current research also extends to Artificial Intelligence (AI), such as ChatGPT. In her present role, Elize serves as the programme coordinator for the Post Graduate Certificate in Education programme, which specifically encompasses the Senior Phase and Further Education and Training. She excels in the development of course materials for student teachers and has contributed to numerous books and a wide range of journal articles. Furthermore, she has presented research papers at both national and international conferences. Additionally, Elize actively contributes to academia by serving as a national and international reviewer for multiple academic journals. She also plays a key role as a supervisor and external examiner for M.Ed. and D.Ed./Ph.D. students. 5 A01 Faiza Gani Faiza Gani Faiza Gani is a senior lecturer at the University of South Africa (UNISA) in the Department of Language Education, Arts and Culture. Her research is focused on ODL, online learning, technology enhanced learning, and quality assurance in ODL. She has worked in the ODL field for several years and is currently seconded to the Quality Assurance and enhancement office where she coordinates quality assurance for the college. This entails the coordination of reviews, quality assurance of study materials, and other related quality assurance activities in the college. As a developing researcher she has co-published in the field on online learning and ODL. 6 A01 Marlene Holmner Marlene Holmner Marlene Holmner obtained a BA degree from the University of Pretoria in 1995, and a BA (Hons) Information Science (Cum Laude) in 1997. This was followed in 1999 by an MA in Information Science (Cum Laude) from the same institution. She completed her DPhil in 2008 with the title: <em>A critical analysis of information and knowledge societies with specific reference to the interaction between local and global knowledge systems</em>. She is currently an Associate Professor in the Department of Information Science, University at Pretoria. She serves on the Information Technology for Development Editorial Board, and several other journal editorial boards. She is also active in ASIS&amp;T, serving as officer in 2021-2023 and a Steering Committee member of African Center of Excellence in Information Ethics. Marlene publishes primarily in the areas of information ethics, information communication for development, and ICT in education. 7 A01 Lebo Mudau Lebo Mudau Patience Kelebogile Mudau (PhD) is an Associate Professor and acting Chair of Department in the Department of Curriculum and Instructional Studies, in the College of Education at Unisa. She is involved in the coordination of the Online Teaching and Learning Certificate of Advanced Studies (CAS) project between UNISA and the Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg. She teaches in the Master of Education (specialising in ODL) programme. Her research interests are academic capacity building, open education practices, and technology-enhanced learning. 8 A01 Nicky Tjano Nicky Tjano Nicky Tjano is currently the Director of Teaching &amp; Learning Strategy, Projects, and Portfolio Performance (Secondment) in the office of the VP: Teaching, Learning, Community Engagement, and Student Support (TLCESS) at UNISA. He is substantively appointed as a Curriculum and Learning Development (CLD) Specialist in the Directorate Curriculum Development and Transformation (DCDT). Prior to this appointment, he was a Senior Lecturer in the Business Management Department in the College of Economic and Management Sciences (CEMS). He was also seconded to the Deanery under Tuition and Student Support office as a Technology Enhanced Teaching and Learning Coordinator (TELC). In this role, he was responsible for supporting academics in the exploration and integration of tools for technology-enhanced teaching. He was also responsible for coordinating the capacity development of academics in the use of teaching tools whilst also facilitating appropriate measures for change management in the College. Amidst these roles he was playing an active role in the Digitalisation of Teaching and Learning Solution (DTLS) project driving the implementation of (OdeL) programme initiatives in line with Unisa’s 2030 Strategic Agenda. He completed MCom at the University of Johannesburg (UJ) and has completed a PhD at Unisa. He is currently supervising Masters and Doctoral candidates in the area of corporate governance, corporate sustainability, entrepreneurship, technology-mediated learning, artificial intelligence and data science. In terms of awards, he was voted the best employee of the year in 2011, received the Chancellor’s award in 2012 for the Best Overall performance Service, and received CEMS’ Excellence award in 2021. 9 A01 Brenda Van Wyk Brenda Van Wyk Brenda van Wyk (PhD; MEd; MInf) is currently a Senior Academic and Research Fellow in the EBIT Faculty at the University of Pretoria. Previous positions include the Head of Academic Information Services at the Independent Institute of Education (IIE) and the Dean of Research at the IIE. She has been responsible for literacy teaching, postgraduate supervisor training, and postgraduate support in her current as well as previous positions. She has a passion for technology-assisted teaching and learning towards digital inclusion and cognitive social justice. Her research interests include open scholarship, metaliteracy, and information ethics. She serves on the steering committee of ACEIE. She managed several higher education projects, including the planning and implementation of research management systems and repositories. She is the Managing Editor of a DHET accredited journal, the <em>Independent Journal of Teaching and Learning</em> (IJTL). She is the Co-Chair if ICIL-Africa. She has published several manuscripts and articles in academic journals, chapters in books and conference proceedings. She is a research associate with JET Education Services. 10 A01 Micheal Van Wyk Micheal Van Wyk Micheal van Wyk is a professor in Economics Education and an NRF-rated researcher at the College of Education, University of South Africa (UNISA). He is a qualified professional teacher, published articles in highly impacted journals, supervised doctoral and master’s degree students, read conference papers, published conference proceedings, edited academic books and was awarded external grants. He is a flipped instructional designer researcher in ODeL research. In 2013, he was awarded for his novel educational contributions to Economics Education in teacher education, the Chancellor Award for Excellence in Research (UNISA). In 2018, he was awarded the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning for his groundbreaking research on the e-portfolio as an alternative assessment approach in teacher education at both the College of Education and the University of South Africa. One of his recent articles entitled, <em>Students’ perceptions of the flipped classroom pedagogy in an open distance e-learning university</em> (2020), was published in <em>Ubiquitous Learning: An International Journal</em> (SCOPUS) and voted as the best scholarly publication by the journal vetting panel and was consequently awarded the International Award for Excellence for Research (2020), Common Ground Research Network, University of Chicago, USA. In 2023, he was an awardee of the Chancellor’s Award for Excellence in Research (UNISA). He is also serving on international journal editorial boards and vetting panels. He was recently awarded the Medal of Honor Education from the Education Association of South Africa. He is the Associate Editor for <em>Heliyon: Education</em> (Scopus). His research interests are digital technologies, generative artificial intelligence, digital game-based learning, flipped pedagogy, e-Portfolios, authentic assessment, and Economics Education. 01 eng 00 386 03 93 5YS 20 Artificial Intelligence 10 EDU001030 20 Higher Education; 20 Student-centred; 20 Educator; 20 Student; 20 4IR; 20 Education 4.0; 20 Learning 3.0; 01 06 02 00 When the rhythm of the music changes, the dance steps must also change. Step onto the cusp of a new era in teaching and learning. Informed by leading innovators in education technology, this book offers a clear, practical roadmap to turn the promises of/about AI and LLMs into campus-ready solutions 03 00 When the rhythm of the music changes, the dance steps must change alsoStep onto the cusp of a new era in teaching and learning. Informed by leading innovators in education technology, this book offers a clear, practical roadmap to turn the promises of/about AI and LLMs into campus-ready solutions. Discover how to harness intelligent tools without losing sight of the human connections that define higher education. Inside these books you will learn how to• craft personalised learning experiences that enhance student engagement and success;• safeguard academic integrity while embracing AI-driven assessments;• empower yourselves with intuitive, low-barrier AI tools for content creation and feedback;• leverage data analytics to close equity gaps and support at-risk students; and• build an ethical AI and LLM strategy that aligns with higher educational missions and values.Whether you are an educator or instructor rethinking lesson design, or a manager streamlining support services, these volumes provide insights and guidance to lead change that will transform higher education culture, elevate outcomes, and equip graduates for work in an AI-infused world. 30 00 When the rhythm of the music changes, the dance steps must change alsoStep onto the cusp of a new era in teaching and learning. Informed by leading innovators in education technology, this book offers a clear, practical roadmap to turn the promises of/about AI and LLMs into campus-ready solutions. Discover how to harness intelligent tools without losing sight of the human connections that define higher education. Inside these books you will learn how to• craft personalised learning experiences that enhance student engagement and success;• safeguard academic integrity while embracing AI-driven assessments;• empower yourselves with intuitive, low-barrier AI tools for content creation and feedback;• leverage data analytics to close equity gaps and support at-risk students; and• build an ethical AI and LLM strategy that aligns with higher educational missions and values.Whether you are an educator or instructor rethinking lesson design, or a manager streamlining support services, these volumes provide insights and guidance to lead change that will transform higher education culture, elevate outcomes, and equip graduates for work in an AI-infused world. 04 00 Foreword When the rhythm of the music changes, the dance step must change also Tony J. Mays DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780906785959-00 PDF Transforming Higher Educational Pedagogies in the Humanities through Artificial Intelligence Garth Aziz DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780906785959-01 PDF Ahead of the Artificial Intelligence Curve Changing Roles of Information Professionals in Higher Education Lorette Jacobs, Karin McGuirk DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780906785959-02 PDF AI and the Existence of Everything Erna Oliver DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780906785959-03 PDF Working with AI An Integrated, Process-Based Framework for Posthumanist Teaching in Higher Education Johannes Cronjé DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780906785959-04 PDF Augmented or Automated Examining the Role of AI in Reimagining Instructional Design in Higher Education Karen Ferreira-Meyers DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780906785959-05 PDF Intelligent Frameworks for Assessment in AI-Enhanced Learning Environments Lilia Cheniti-Belcadhi , Mohamed Mitwally, Asma Hadyaoui DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780906785959-06 PDF Dimensional Approach for a Digital Transformation Process in Higher Education Elmarie Kritzinger, Sarah Jane Johnston DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780906785959-07 PDF When Artificial Intelligence Meets Contemplative Studies Making Higher Education more Wholistic Hiro Saito DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780906785959-08 PDF Artificial Intelligence In Education Africa’s Prospects and Challenges Joseph Evans Agolla, Phineas Sebopelo DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780906785959-09 PDF Artificial Intelligence in Open Distance e-Learning Institutions in Sub‑Saharan Africa Quality Assurance Opportunities and Challenges Phineas Sebopelo , Joseph Evans Agolla DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780906785959-10 PDF 20 00 Open Access 01 00 03 02 https://books.ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/10.64449/9780906785959_frontcover.jpg 1 03 06 10.64449/9780906785959-00 ix xxvi 18 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Chapter 01 01 Foreword When the rhythm of the music changes, the dance step must change also 1 A01 Tony J. Mays Tony J. Mays 02 00 When Prof (Professor) Geesje van den Berg first informed me that they were working on a book about AI in education, I was thrilled, as discussions surrounding technological innovation are often dominated by the discourse of the Global North, meaning that the voices from the developing economies of the Global South are insufficiently represented. 03 00 When Prof (Professor) Geesje van den Berg first informed me that they were working on a book about AI in education, I was thrilled, as discussions surrounding technological innovation are often dominated by the discourse of the Global North, meaning that the voices from the developing economies of the Global South are insufficiently represented. When she later invited me to contribute a foreword, I felt both honoured and intrigued to be considered, as there are many individuals undertaking pioneering work in this field who might offer a more unique perspective. However, Prof Van den Berg and I have known each other for many years, having collaborated at UNISA on an interim educator qualification called the National Professional Diploma in Education, and subsequently on a Master’s programme in open and distance learning (ODL), as well as having contributed to the same textbook on Curriculum Studies. Therefore, I was confident that the new publication would be something to eagerly anticipate. 30 00 When Prof (Professor) Geesje van den Berg first informed me that they were working on a book about AI in education, I was thrilled, as discussions surrounding technological innovation are often dominated by the discourse of the Global North, meaning that the voices from the developing economies of the Global South are insufficiently represented. When she later invited me to contribute a foreword, I felt both honoured and intrigued to be considered, as there are many individuals undertaking pioneering work in this field who might offer a more unique perspective. However, Prof Van den Berg and I have known each other for many years, having collaborated at UNISA on an interim educator qualification called the National Professional Diploma in Education, and subsequently on a Master’s programme in open and distance learning (ODL), as well as having contributed to the same textbook on Curriculum Studies. Therefore, I was confident that the new publication would be something to eagerly anticipate. 20 00 Open Access Tony J. Mays 2 03 06 10.64449/9780906785959-01 1 22 Chapter 01 01 Transforming Higher Educational Pedagogies in the Humanities through Artificial Intelligence 1 A01 Garth Aziz Garth Aziz 03 00 AI (artificial intelligence) is no stranger to education as it has been implemented extensively in education and is continuing to gain interest and attention (Chen, Chen, &amp; Lin 2020:75265). AI has been part of education since the early 1950s to ‘understand and improve human and machine cognition’ in the advancement of education (Doroudi 2022:885). Understandably, this strive for educational advancement was mainly in the learning sciences, associated with computers, underpinned by behaviourism, and may not have had any consideration for other disciplines or theories in education that may be deemed as ‘antiscience,’ such as the humanities (cf. Doroudi 2022:895; Chen et al. 2020:75267). Consequently, it is construed that the situated learning theories did not only rise as a response to the limitations of cognitivism but also to that of AI (cf. Doroudi 2022:896; Chen et al. 2020:75267). The response from the situated learning theories to cognitivism and AI was immersing itself in qualitative research. While some of the proponents of situated learning leaned toward AI, this was not the dominant response (Doroudi 2022:897). 30 00 AI (artificial intelligence) is no stranger to education as it has been implemented extensively in education and is continuing to gain interest and attention (Chen, Chen, &amp; Lin 2020:75265). AI has been part of education since the early 1950s to ‘understand and improve human and machine cognition’ in the advancement of education (Doroudi 2022:885). Understandably, this strive for educational advancement was mainly in the learning sciences, associated with computers, underpinned by behaviourism, and may not have had any consideration for other disciplines or theories in education that may be deemed as ‘antiscience,’ such as the humanities (cf. Doroudi 2022:895; Chen et al. 2020:75267). Consequently, it is construed that the situated learning theories did not only rise as a response to the limitations of cognitivism but also to that of AI (cf. Doroudi 2022:896; Chen et al. 2020:75267). The response from the situated learning theories to cognitivism and AI was immersing itself in qualitative research. While some of the proponents of situated learning leaned toward AI, this was not the dominant response (Doroudi 2022:897). 3 03 06 10.64449/9780906785959-02 23 62 Chapter 01 01 Ahead of the Artificial Intelligence Curve Changing Roles of Information Professionals in Higher Education 1 A01 21 0000-0001-8081-7739 Lorette Jacobs Lorette Jacobs 2 A01 Karin McGuirk Karin McGuirk 03 00 In the digital era technological advancements brought about by AI (artificial intelligence) have extensively altered the manner in which information professionals should offer services and resources to cater for individualised information needs. Technological advances in AI combined with institutional changes, budget constraints, and alternative modes of delivery are affecting the scope and scale of services required of traditional information professionals. Information professionals therefore find themselves in a distorted and surreal world – a world that has changed in a way where AI and technological advancement create a context that is unfamiliar. Within the HE (higher education) sector where the focus is on fostering education, research, and societal development, the importance of information professionals in leading these institutions into the 5IR (fifth industrial revolution) by advancing their own skills and utilising technology towards personalising information services and resources, cannot be overemphasised. More research is required to assess whether the vision proposed by the researchers will prepare information professionals effectively to stay ahead of the AI curve. 30 00 In the digital era technological advancements brought about by AI (artificial intelligence) have extensively altered the manner in which information professionals should offer services and resources to cater for individualised information needs. Technological advances in AI combined with institutional changes, budget constraints, and alternative modes of delivery are affecting the scope and scale of services required of traditional information professionals. Information professionals therefore find themselves in a distorted and surreal world – a world that has changed in a way where AI and technological advancement create a context that is unfamiliar. Within the HE (higher education) sector where the focus is on fostering education, research, and societal development, the importance of information professionals in leading these institutions into the 5IR (fifth industrial revolution) by advancing their own skills and utilising technology towards personalising information services and resources, cannot be overemphasised. More research is required to assess whether the vision proposed by the researchers will prepare information professionals effectively to stay ahead of the AI curve. 4 03 06 10.64449/9780906785959-03 63 98 Chapter 01 01 AI and the Existence of Everything 1 B01 21 0000-0003-3606-1537 Erna Oliver Erna Oliver 03 00 Two outstanding truths that the educator of the 21st century is confronted with, are first, that we have entered the 4IR (fourth industrial revolution), also called the age of ‘big data’ (Anyoha 2017) and second, the acknowledgment that every student studies in a different/unique way. It is imperative for IHEs (institutions of higher education) to take note of the fact that there is no one-size-fits-all package for education (cf. Gous 2022:215), while the 4IR with all its disruptive elements is currently presenting itself in almost every aspect of our life. One of the best examples in which the 4IR presents itself is AI (artificial intelligence), although the latter has preceded the former with quite a couple of years. For many people AI has become part of their everyday existence and life. This also rings true for educators and administration personnel in IHEs. Holmes et al. (2019:202) put it this way: ‘AI has become an often hidden but integral, pervasive, and inescapable part of our daily lives. In fact, paradoxically, the more it is integrated into our lives, the less we tend to think of it as AI.’ Due to larger amounts of big data, new computational approaches, and faster computer processors the development of AI ‘has been both groundbreaking…and transformative’ (Holmes et al. 2019:202). A focal part of AI for education is that it is student-centred (Owan, Abang, Idika, Etta, &amp; Bassey 2023:2 of 15). 30 00 Two outstanding truths that the educator of the 21st century is confronted with, are first, that we have entered the 4IR (fourth industrial revolution), also called the age of ‘big data’ (Anyoha 2017) and second, the acknowledgment that every student studies in a different/unique way. It is imperative for IHEs (institutions of higher education) to take note of the fact that there is no one-size-fits-all package for education (cf. Gous 2022:215), while the 4IR with all its disruptive elements is currently presenting itself in almost every aspect of our life. One of the best examples in which the 4IR presents itself is AI (artificial intelligence), although the latter has preceded the former with quite a couple of years. For many people AI has become part of their everyday existence and life. This also rings true for educators and administration personnel in IHEs. Holmes et al. (2019:202) put it this way: ‘AI has become an often hidden but integral, pervasive, and inescapable part of our daily lives. In fact, paradoxically, the more it is integrated into our lives, the less we tend to think of it as AI.’ Due to larger amounts of big data, new computational approaches, and faster computer processors the development of AI ‘has been both groundbreaking…and transformative’ (Holmes et al. 2019:202). A focal part of AI for education is that it is student-centred (Owan, Abang, Idika, Etta, &amp; Bassey 2023:2 of 15). 5 03 06 10.64449/9780906785959-04 99 128 Chapter 01 01 Working with AI An Integrated, Process-Based Framework for Posthumanist Teaching in Higher Education 1 A01 Johannes Cronjé Johannes Cronjé 03 00 This chapter explores the potential of integrated learning tasks in view of AI (artificial intelligence) in HE (higher education). AI has democratised content production, but it also poses challenges in distinguishing work done by AI from that done by humans. It suggests that integrated learning tasks can help mitigate these challenges by emphasising the process of writing with AI and focusing on the task rather than the learner. The chapter describes a case study in which students were asked to generate a research topic for themselves and then use ChatGPT (chat generative pre-trained transformer) – a language model AI – to generate prompts for their literature survey. The students then used a spreadsheet to organise their research and a branching tree diagram to form the outline of their literature survey. They used mail merge to extract relevant quotations from their spreadsheets and then used a chatbot to assist them in assembling the final literature survey. We compared the work done by the students in the case study to a group of fifth-year students who did not follow the process and found that the students who used the integrated learning approach had developed an insight in the responsible and ethical use of AI. They also had a much clearer understanding of the research process. In contrast, the fifth-year group simply asked the AI to write the literature survey, resulting in a well-written but vacuous piece of work filled with falsehoods, hallucinations, and fake references. The chapter concludes by pointing out that constructivist learning tasks can help students develop a good understanding of the value of a good prompt and use a step-by-step approach to generate the final project. It suggests that in future, the emphasis should be placed on the process of writing with AI, whereas in a posthuman sense, the focus should not be on the student, but on the task. 30 00 This chapter explores the potential of integrated learning tasks in view of AI (artificial intelligence) in HE (higher education). AI has democratised content production, but it also poses challenges in distinguishing work done by AI from that done by humans. It suggests that integrated learning tasks can help mitigate these challenges by emphasising the process of writing with AI and focusing on the task rather than the learner. The chapter describes a case study in which students were asked to generate a research topic for themselves and then use ChatGPT (chat generative pre-trained transformer) – a language model AI – to generate prompts for their literature survey. The students then used a spreadsheet to organise their research and a branching tree diagram to form the outline of their literature survey. They used mail merge to extract relevant quotations from their spreadsheets and then used a chatbot to assist them in assembling the final literature survey. We compared the work done by the students in the case study to a group of fifth-year students who did not follow the process and found that the students who used the integrated learning approach had developed an insight in the responsible and ethical use of AI. They also had a much clearer understanding of the research process. In contrast, the fifth-year group simply asked the AI to write the literature survey, resulting in a well-written but vacuous piece of work filled with falsehoods, hallucinations, and fake references. The chapter concludes by pointing out that constructivist learning tasks can help students develop a good understanding of the value of a good prompt and use a step-by-step approach to generate the final project. It suggests that in future, the emphasis should be placed on the process of writing with AI, whereas in a posthuman sense, the focus should not be on the student, but on the task. 6 03 06 10.64449/9780906785959-05 129 152 Chapter 01 01 Augmented or Automated Examining the Role of AI in Reimagining Instructional Design in Higher Education 1 A01 Karen Ferreira-Meyers Karen Ferreira-Meyers 03 00 Rapid advancements in AI (artificial intelligence) and big data analytics have ushered in transformative possibilities for HE (higher education) and opened up new possibilities for enhancing teaching and learning. This chapter critically examines the applications of AI in instructional design, assessing current use cases and potential future implementations. It discusses the impact of AI on learning analytics, student modelling, intelligent and adaptive learning systems, AI teaching assistants, and tutors. The analysis aims to identify the trade-offs between augmentation and automation in learning design processes, emphasising the need for ethical and equitable applications. The chapter also explores policy implications to ensure widespread access to beneficial AI technologies. While AI presents opportunities to enhance teaching and learning, the chapter underscores the importance of preserving human expertise and agency in education. However, the rapid development of AI technologies also raises significant challenges, including ethical concerns, integration costs, and the potential displacement of educators’ roles. These complexities demand a thoughtful approach that balances innovation with caution. Examples from industries like healthcare and finance demonstrate the potential of AI to revolutionise practices while maintaining human oversight. 30 00 Rapid advancements in AI (artificial intelligence) and big data analytics have ushered in transformative possibilities for HE (higher education) and opened up new possibilities for enhancing teaching and learning. This chapter critically examines the applications of AI in instructional design, assessing current use cases and potential future implementations. It discusses the impact of AI on learning analytics, student modelling, intelligent and adaptive learning systems, AI teaching assistants, and tutors. The analysis aims to identify the trade-offs between augmentation and automation in learning design processes, emphasising the need for ethical and equitable applications. The chapter also explores policy implications to ensure widespread access to beneficial AI technologies. While AI presents opportunities to enhance teaching and learning, the chapter underscores the importance of preserving human expertise and agency in education. However, the rapid development of AI technologies also raises significant challenges, including ethical concerns, integration costs, and the potential displacement of educators’ roles. These complexities demand a thoughtful approach that balances innovation with caution. Examples from industries like healthcare and finance demonstrate the potential of AI to revolutionise practices while maintaining human oversight. 7 03 06 10.64449/9780906785959-06 153 200 48 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Intelligent Frameworks for Assessment in AI-Enhanced Learning Environments 1 A01 Lilia Cheniti-Belcadhi Lilia Cheniti-Belcadhi 2 A01 Mohamed Mitwally Mohamed Mitwally 3 A01 Asma Hadyaoui Asma Hadyaoui 02 00 Nowadays several critical challenges, opportunities, and trends in learning must be considered in the development and implementation of new learning environments. 03 00 Nowadays several critical challenges, opportunities, and trends in learning must be considered in the development and implementation of new learning environments. These include encouraging lifelong learning, valuing both informal and formal learning, addressing the open and social dimensions of learning, and recognising the different contexts where learning takes place. It is also crucial to address what today’s students need. We observe, however, that during the last years, knowledge acquisition and learning have been distributed and continue to occur in a world without boundaries. Students are collaborating more than ever beyond classroom boundaries, which become more and more irrelevant within formal settings. Moreover, the openness of knowledge resources and the social nature of the web through the participation, voting, collaboration, aggregation, and distribution it enables, are leading to a new generation of students, driven by openness, networking, and sharing. Considering the new requirements in terms of learning also raises challenges with regard to the assessment of learning. Student-centred and networked learning require new assessment models that address how to recognise and evaluate self-directed learning achievements. 30 00 Nowadays several critical challenges, opportunities, and trends in learning must be considered in the development and implementation of new learning environments. These include encouraging lifelong learning, valuing both informal and formal learning, addressing the open and social dimensions of learning, and recognising the different contexts where learning takes place. It is also crucial to address what today’s students need. We observe, however, that during the last years, knowledge acquisition and learning have been distributed and continue to occur in a world without boundaries. Students are collaborating more than ever beyond classroom boundaries, which become more and more irrelevant within formal settings. Moreover, the openness of knowledge resources and the social nature of the web through the participation, voting, collaboration, aggregation, and distribution it enables, are leading to a new generation of students, driven by openness, networking, and sharing. Considering the new requirements in terms of learning also raises challenges with regard to the assessment of learning. Student-centred and networked learning require new assessment models that address how to recognise and evaluate self-directed learning achievements. 20 00 Open Access Lilia Cheniti-Belcadhi , Mohamed Mitwally, Asma Hadyaoui 8 03 06 10.64449/9780906785959-07 203 224 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Dimensional Approach for a Digital Transformation Process in Higher Education 1 A01 Elmarie Kritzinger Elmarie Kritzinger 2 A01 Sarah Jane Johnston Sarah Jane Johnston 02 00 Technology has evolved over the last few decades and the development of new technologies are growing at an alarming rate. 03 00 Technology has evolved over the last few decades and the development of new technologies are growing at an alarming rate. Digital transformation activities are prominent (critical) to ensure that all business sectors incorporate and integrate new technologies to ensure viable business modules. Our business sector with digital transformation, which includes AI (Artificial Intelligence) adoption, is vital and ready to be integrated with the educational sector. This integration is not optional but vital for the survival and thriving of IHEs (institutions of higher education). 30 00 Technology has evolved over the last few decades and the development of new technologies are growing at an alarming rate. Digital transformation activities are prominent (critical) to ensure that all business sectors incorporate and integrate new technologies to ensure viable business modules. Our business sector with digital transformation, which includes AI (Artificial Intelligence) adoption, is vital and ready to be integrated with the educational sector. This integration is not optional but vital for the survival and thriving of IHEs (institutions of higher education). 20 00 Open Access Elmarie Kritzinger, Sarah Jane Johnston 9 03 06 10.64449/9780906785959-08 225 252 Chapter 01 01 When Artificial Intelligence Meets Contemplative Studies Making Higher Education more Wholistic 1 A01 Hiro Saito Hiro Saito 03 00 In the late 2010s, HE (higher education) leaders, practitioners, and researchers began to discuss how AI (artificial intelligence), as part and parcel of the 4IR (fourth industrial revolution), might transform IHEs (institutions of higher education) (Aoun 2017; Gleason 2018; Peters &amp; Jandrić 2019). As they enthusiastically embraced the 4IR, however, their discussions tended to focus on how IHEs should actively adapt to the AI-driven economy without critically reflecting on how IHEs might intervene and reshape the trajectory of the 4IR itself. In this regard, their mode of thinking was rather reactive (Saito 2022). 30 00 In the late 2010s, HE (higher education) leaders, practitioners, and researchers began to discuss how AI (artificial intelligence), as part and parcel of the 4IR (fourth industrial revolution), might transform IHEs (institutions of higher education) (Aoun 2017; Gleason 2018; Peters &amp; Jandrić 2019). As they enthusiastically embraced the 4IR, however, their discussions tended to focus on how IHEs should actively adapt to the AI-driven economy without critically reflecting on how IHEs might intervene and reshape the trajectory of the 4IR itself. In this regard, their mode of thinking was rather reactive (Saito 2022). 10 03 06 10.64449/9780906785959-09 253 296 Chapter 01 01 Artificial Intelligence In Education Africa’s Prospects and Challenges 1 A01 21 0000-0002-7100-5090 Joseph Evans Agolla Joseph Evans Agolla 2 A01 Phineas Sebopelo Phineas Sebopelo 03 00 The application of AI (artificial intelligence) in education is not something new as it might appear to be because it has already been integrated in learning and education services for several decades. During COVID-19, Africa, like the rest of the world was faced with challenges associated with the emergence of the pandemic, such as lockdown and social distancing imposed by the WHO (World Health Organisation) to contain the spread of the disease. The lockdown and social distancing resulted in the closure of social spaces such as education institutions and public places. To counter these measures brought by the COVID-19 pandemic and to ensure that businesses continue, organisations immediately turned to remote working using the power of AI tools (UNICEF 2022). In fact, this was the first evidence of a mass application of AI tools to ensure that learning continues in both developed and developing economies (cf. Georgescu &amp; Popescu 2015). 30 00 The application of AI (artificial intelligence) in education is not something new as it might appear to be because it has already been integrated in learning and education services for several decades. During COVID-19, Africa, like the rest of the world was faced with challenges associated with the emergence of the pandemic, such as lockdown and social distancing imposed by the WHO (World Health Organisation) to contain the spread of the disease. The lockdown and social distancing resulted in the closure of social spaces such as education institutions and public places. To counter these measures brought by the COVID-19 pandemic and to ensure that businesses continue, organisations immediately turned to remote working using the power of AI tools (UNICEF 2022). In fact, this was the first evidence of a mass application of AI tools to ensure that learning continues in both developed and developing economies (cf. Georgescu &amp; Popescu 2015). 11 03 06 10.64449/9780906785959-10 297 351 Chapter 01 01 Artificial Intelligence in Open Distance e-Learning Institutions in Sub‑Saharan Africa Quality Assurance Opportunities and Challenges 1 A01 Phineas Sebopelo Phineas Sebopelo 2 A01 21 0000-0002-7100-5090 Joseph Evans Agolla Joseph Evans Agolla 03 00 This chapter critically reviews the literature on the use of AI (Artificial Intelligence) with specific reference to ODeL (open distance e-learning) institutions in SSA (Sub-Saharan Africa). A critical review of the literature was conducted on works that explored the application of AI in education through the search of popular databases on previously published works. These were carefully evaluated, synthesised, and evaluated for their fitness, and then systemically presented. The chapter highlights the various quality benefits accrued from the application of AI applications in education. The integration of AI in ODeL systems is linked to quality assurance challenges and the integrity of assessments, and poses significant new challenges to research, policy-making, and institution governance. 30 00 This chapter critically reviews the literature on the use of AI (Artificial Intelligence) with specific reference to ODeL (open distance e-learning) institutions in SSA (Sub-Saharan Africa). A critical review of the literature was conducted on works that explored the application of AI in education through the search of popular databases on previously published works. These were carefully evaluated, synthesised, and evaluated for their fitness, and then systemically presented. The chapter highlights the various quality benefits accrued from the application of AI applications in education. The integration of AI in ODeL systems is linked to quality assurance challenges and the integrity of assessments, and poses significant new challenges to research, policy-making, and institution governance. UJ Press 01 URL https://ujpress.uj.ac.za 01 UJ Press 01 Publisher's website: home page https://ujpress.uj.ac.za/ 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/279 Johannesburg 04 01 20250829 Erna Oliver, Geesje van den Berg 02 WORLD 06 15 9780906785942 06 15 9780906785959 06 15 9780906785973 WORLD 11 Unknown 36 Unspecified hosting platform: webpage for this product https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/279 29 Unspecified hosting platform: download the title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/view/279/1261/5296 20 08 20250829 01 urn:uuid:da7278c1-a0ca-4fa8-9b20-32a4eb409356 03 01 01 thoth-work-id urn:uuid:4434d336-6b33-4636-9446-f9190431f11f 01 thoth-publication-id urn:uuid:da7278c1-a0ca-4fa8-9b20-32a4eb409356 15 9780639889900 06 10.64449/9780639889917 00 BC 10 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 01 01 Artificial Intelligence Transforming Higher Education Volume 2 1 B01 21 0000-0003-3606-1537 Erna Oliver Erna Oliver 01 eng 00 330 03 93 5YS 10 EDU001030 20 higher education 20 artificial intelligence 20 4IR 20 ethics 01 06 02 00 When the rhythm of the music changes, the dance steps must change alsoStep onto the cusp of a new era in teaching and learning. Informed by leading innovators in education technology, this book offers a clear, practical roadmap to turn the promises of/about AI and LLMs into campus-ready solutions. 03 00 When the rhythm of the music changes, the dance steps must change also. Step onto the cusp of a new era in teaching and learning. Informed by leading innovators in education technology, this book offers a clear, practical roadmap to turn the promises of/about AI and LLMs into campus-ready solutions. Discover how to harness intelligent tools without losing sight of the human connections that define higher education. Inside these books you will learn how to• craft personalised learning experiences that enhance student engagement and success;• safeguard academic integrity while embracing AI-driven assessments;• empower yourselves with intuitive, low-barrier AI tools for content creation and feedback;• leverage data analytics to close equity gaps and support at-risk students; and• build an ethical AI and LLM strategy that aligns with higher educational missions and values.Whether you are an educator or instructor rethinking lesson design, or a manager streamlining support services, these volumes provide insights and guidance to lead change that will transform higher education culture, elevate outcomes, and equip graduates for work in an AI-infused world. 30 00 When the rhythm of the music changes, the dance steps must change also. Step onto the cusp of a new era in teaching and learning. Informed by leading innovators in education technology, this book offers a clear, practical roadmap to turn the promises of/about AI and LLMs into campus-ready solutions. Discover how to harness intelligent tools without losing sight of the human connections that define higher education. Inside these books you will learn how to• craft personalised learning experiences that enhance student engagement and success;• safeguard academic integrity while embracing AI-driven assessments;• empower yourselves with intuitive, low-barrier AI tools for content creation and feedback;• leverage data analytics to close equity gaps and support at-risk students; and• build an ethical AI and LLM strategy that aligns with higher educational missions and values.Whether you are an educator or instructor rethinking lesson design, or a manager streamlining support services, these volumes provide insights and guidance to lead change that will transform higher education culture, elevate outcomes, and equip graduates for work in an AI-infused world. 04 00 Foreword When the rhythm of the music changes, the dance step must change also Tony J. Mays DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639889917-00 PDF Navigating Academic Anxiety and Fostering Integrity in the Age of GPT Detectors Samuel Amponsah, Micheal M van Wyk, Michael A Adarkwah DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639889917-01 PDF AI and Academic Integrity Decussation Implications for Higher Education Nicky Tjano DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639889917-02 PDF Critical Considerations for Establishing a Link between Artificial Intelligence and Quality Assurance in Higher Education Faiza Gani DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639889917-03 PDF Artificial Intelligence and the Ethics of Tomorrow Tracing the Shift in Information Ethics through History Brenda van Wyk, Marlene Holmner DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639889917-04 PDF Unpacking the Role of Big Data, Artificial Intelligence, and Predictive Analytics in Education Implications for Educators and Research Ethics Review Committees Nicky Tjano DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639889917-05 PDF Transforming Higher Education The Profound Impact of Generative Artificial Intelligence on Teaching and Learning in the ChatGPT Era Geesje van den Berg DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639889917-06 PDF Perceiving Generative AI through Educators’ Eyes Benefits and Challenges Geesje van den Berg, Patience K. Mudau DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639889917-07 PDF Artificial Intelligence such as Generative Pretrained Transformer Reimagining Online Assessment Methods Elize C. du Plessis DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639889917-08 PDF Is ChatGPT Capable of Generating Accurate Information? Academics Employ Strategies to Prevent Academic Dishonesty at a Faculty of Education Micheal M van Wyk DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639889917-09 PDF 20 00 Open Access 01 00 03 02 https://books.ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/10.64449/9780639889917_frontcover.jpg 1 03 06 10.64449/9780639889917-00 ix xxxvi 18 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Chapter 01 01 Foreword When the rhythm of the music changes, the dance step must change also 1 A01 Tony J. Mays Tony J. Mays 02 00 When Prof (Professor) Geesje van den Berg first informed me that they were working on a book about AI in education, I was thrilled, as discussions surrounding technological innovation are often dominated by the discourse of the Global North, meaning that the voices from the developing economies of the Global South are insufficiently represented. 03 00 When Prof (Professor) Geesje van den Berg first informed me that they were working on a book about AI in education, I was thrilled, as discussions surrounding technological innovation are often dominated by the discourse of the Global North, meaning that the voices from the developing economies of the Global South are insufficiently represented. When she later invited me to contribute a foreword, I felt both honoured and intrigued to be considered, as there are many individuals undertaking pioneering work in this field who might offer a more unique perspective. However, Prof Van den Berg and I have known each other for many years, having collaborated at UNISA on an interim educator qualification called the National Professional Diploma in Education, and subsequently on a Master’s programme in open and distance learning (ODL), as well as having contributed to the same textbook on Curriculum Studies. Therefore, I was confident that the new publication would be something to eagerly anticipate. 30 00 When Prof (Professor) Geesje van den Berg first informed me that they were working on a book about AI in education, I was thrilled, as discussions surrounding technological innovation are often dominated by the discourse of the Global North, meaning that the voices from the developing economies of the Global South are insufficiently represented. When she later invited me to contribute a foreword, I felt both honoured and intrigued to be considered, as there are many individuals undertaking pioneering work in this field who might offer a more unique perspective. However, Prof Van den Berg and I have known each other for many years, having collaborated at UNISA on an interim educator qualification called the National Professional Diploma in Education, and subsequently on a Master’s programme in open and distance learning (ODL), as well as having contributed to the same textbook on Curriculum Studies. Therefore, I was confident that the new publication would be something to eagerly anticipate. 20 00 Open Access Tony J. Mays 2 03 06 10.64449/9780639889917-01 3 27 Chapter 01 01 Navigating Academic Anxiety and Fostering Integrity in the Age of GPT Detectors 1 A01 Samuel Amponsah Samuel Amponsah 2 A01 Micheal M van Wyk Micheal M van Wyk 3 A01 Michael A Adarkwah Michael A Adarkwah 03 00 Academic integrity is a fundamental principle of education and serves as the bedrock upon which the integrity of knowledge and scholarship rests (Bretag, Harper, Burton, Ellis, Newton, Rozenberg, Saddiqui, &amp; Van Haeringen 2019:1849). In today’s digital age, where the boundless expanse of information is merely a click away and educational landscapes have gravitated towards online platforms, the challenges to maintaining academic integrity have metamorphosed (Eaton &amp; Gysbers 2021:48). As asserted by Kumar (2020:133), students’ encounters with academic anxiety have surged, complicating the educational landscape even further. 30 00 Academic integrity is a fundamental principle of education and serves as the bedrock upon which the integrity of knowledge and scholarship rests (Bretag, Harper, Burton, Ellis, Newton, Rozenberg, Saddiqui, &amp; Van Haeringen 2019:1849). In today’s digital age, where the boundless expanse of information is merely a click away and educational landscapes have gravitated towards online platforms, the challenges to maintaining academic integrity have metamorphosed (Eaton &amp; Gysbers 2021:48). As asserted by Kumar (2020:133), students’ encounters with academic anxiety have surged, complicating the educational landscape even further. 3 03 06 10.64449/9780639889917-02 29 76 Chapter 01 01 AI and Academic Integrity Decussation Implications for Higher Education 1 A01 Nicky Tjano Nicky Tjano 03 00 AI (artificial intelligence) refers to systems that display intelligent behaviour by analysing their environment and taking actions – with some degree of autonomy – to achieve specific goals. AI-based systems can be purely software-based, acting in the virtual world (e.g., voice assistants, image analysis software, search engines, speech, and face recognition systems) or AI can be embedded in hardware devices (e.g., advanced robots, autonomous cars, drones, or IoT [internet of things] applications). This definition was proposed by HLEG (the High-Level Expert Group on Artificial Intelligence) in 2019. Samoili, Cobo, Gómez, De Prato, Martínez-Plumed, &amp; Delipetrev (2020:4) suggest that there are two broad categories that can be identified from this definition, namely the ability of machines to reason and make decisions and learn. 30 00 AI (artificial intelligence) refers to systems that display intelligent behaviour by analysing their environment and taking actions – with some degree of autonomy – to achieve specific goals. AI-based systems can be purely software-based, acting in the virtual world (e.g., voice assistants, image analysis software, search engines, speech, and face recognition systems) or AI can be embedded in hardware devices (e.g., advanced robots, autonomous cars, drones, or IoT [internet of things] applications). This definition was proposed by HLEG (the High-Level Expert Group on Artificial Intelligence) in 2019. Samoili, Cobo, Gómez, De Prato, Martínez-Plumed, &amp; Delipetrev (2020:4) suggest that there are two broad categories that can be identified from this definition, namely the ability of machines to reason and make decisions and learn. 4 03 06 10.64449/9780639889917-03 77 99 Chapter 01 01 Critical Considerations for Establishing a Link between Artificial Intelligence and Quality Assurance in Higher Education 1 A01 Faiza Gani Faiza Gani 03 00 AI (Artificial intelligence) has permeated the world and currently has an undeniable footprint in most areas of society. In relation to the HE (higher education) sector, AI is becoming a prominent feature. AI in HE is readily accessible through the use of ‘intelligent tutoring systems, teaching robots, learning analytics dashboards, adaptive learning systems and human-computer interfaces’ (Ishak &amp; Jiang 2022:70). Pelletier, Robert, Muscanell, McCormack, Reeves, Arbino, and Grajek (2023:4) aptly highlight the impact that AI currently has on the globe and the need to consider it as a current trend in the HE sector. Huang, Saleh, and Liu (2021:206) similarly argue that it is indisputable that AI has infiltrated the education space. As modern science and technology progress, the advancement in AI has also progressed. Research indicates that AI, when applied to education, has resulted in positive effects which have aided toward teaching reform (Huang et al. 2021:206). 30 00 AI (Artificial intelligence) has permeated the world and currently has an undeniable footprint in most areas of society. In relation to the HE (higher education) sector, AI is becoming a prominent feature. AI in HE is readily accessible through the use of ‘intelligent tutoring systems, teaching robots, learning analytics dashboards, adaptive learning systems and human-computer interfaces’ (Ishak &amp; Jiang 2022:70). Pelletier, Robert, Muscanell, McCormack, Reeves, Arbino, and Grajek (2023:4) aptly highlight the impact that AI currently has on the globe and the need to consider it as a current trend in the HE sector. Huang, Saleh, and Liu (2021:206) similarly argue that it is indisputable that AI has infiltrated the education space. As modern science and technology progress, the advancement in AI has also progressed. Research indicates that AI, when applied to education, has resulted in positive effects which have aided toward teaching reform (Huang et al. 2021:206). 5 03 06 10.64449/9780639889917-04 101 140 Chapter 01 01 Artificial Intelligence and the Ethics of Tomorrow Tracing the Shift in Information Ethics through History 1 A01 Brenda van Wyk Brenda van Wyk 2 A01 Marlene Holmner Marlene Holmner 03 00 The emergence and ongoing development of the information era have given rise to various ethical dilemmas that are inherent to the essence of information. IE (information ethics) is an interdisciplinary area that incorporates disciplines such as philosophy, computer science, sociology, law, and others, as highlighted by scholars like Quin (2011) and Floridi (2019). Although the information age is frequently regarded as a contemporary occurrence, this perspective fails to acknowledge its underlying historical origins. The origins of this age can be attributed to previous advancements in communication and Its (information technologies). The information age is currently recognised as a dynamic and ongoing era characterised by swift technological developments that are continuously transforming various aspects of society, such as communication, education, healthcare, and entertainment. 30 00 The emergence and ongoing development of the information era have given rise to various ethical dilemmas that are inherent to the essence of information. IE (information ethics) is an interdisciplinary area that incorporates disciplines such as philosophy, computer science, sociology, law, and others, as highlighted by scholars like Quin (2011) and Floridi (2019). Although the information age is frequently regarded as a contemporary occurrence, this perspective fails to acknowledge its underlying historical origins. The origins of this age can be attributed to previous advancements in communication and Its (information technologies). The information age is currently recognised as a dynamic and ongoing era characterised by swift technological developments that are continuously transforming various aspects of society, such as communication, education, healthcare, and entertainment. 6 03 06 10.64449/9780639889917-05 141 190 Chapter 01 01 Unpacking the Role of Big Data, Artificial Intelligence, and Predictive Analytics in Education Implications for Educators and Research Ethics Review Committees 1 A01 Nicky Tjano Nicky Tjano 03 00 Goodbye to ChatGPT (chat generative pre-trained transformer), hello to AI (artificial intelligence) on the moon! AI is daring to have its finger touching the surface of the moon. The CMCSS (Canadian Mission Control Space Services) through budgetary funding of $3.04 million by the Canadian Space Agency made history when it launched the Rashid Rover on 11 December 2023, with the aim of spending one lunar day in space. The mission will see the Rover capturing and identifying geological features through pictures, and it was motivated by CMCSS’ urge to be the pioneer in showcasing AI’s DL (deep learning) capabilities first in lunar space. DL is a subset of ML (machine learning) and it relies on large and vast volumes of data, based on complex algorithms to train the model (Rane, Kaya, Mallick, &amp; Rane 2024:218). 30 00 Goodbye to ChatGPT (chat generative pre-trained transformer), hello to AI (artificial intelligence) on the moon! AI is daring to have its finger touching the surface of the moon. The CMCSS (Canadian Mission Control Space Services) through budgetary funding of $3.04 million by the Canadian Space Agency made history when it launched the Rashid Rover on 11 December 2023, with the aim of spending one lunar day in space. The mission will see the Rover capturing and identifying geological features through pictures, and it was motivated by CMCSS’ urge to be the pioneer in showcasing AI’s DL (deep learning) capabilities first in lunar space. DL is a subset of ML (machine learning) and it relies on large and vast volumes of data, based on complex algorithms to train the model (Rane, Kaya, Mallick, &amp; Rane 2024:218). 7 03 06 10.64449/9780639889917-06 193 218 Chapter 01 01 Transforming Higher Education The Profound Impact of Generative Artificial Intelligence on Teaching and Learning in the ChatGPT Era 1 B01 Geesje van den Berg Geesje van den Berg 03 00 Educational practices in the 21st century have undergone a significant transformation due to technological advances, particularly in artificial intelligence (AI). Recent developments and expansion in machine learning led to the emergence of generative artificial intelligence (Gen-AI), an advanced and innovative technology (Hu 2022). Lim, Gunasekara, Pallant, Pallant, and Pechenkina (2023:2 of 13) define Gen-AI as a technology that 1) uses deep learning models to 2) generate human-like content (e.g., images and words) in response to 3) complex and varied prompts (e.g., languages, instructions, and questions). It can do so in response to a wide range of prompts that may be complex and diverse, including different languages, instructions, or questions. In other words, Gen-AI can produce human-like outputs when given various types of input. 30 00 Educational practices in the 21st century have undergone a significant transformation due to technological advances, particularly in artificial intelligence (AI). Recent developments and expansion in machine learning led to the emergence of generative artificial intelligence (Gen-AI), an advanced and innovative technology (Hu 2022). Lim, Gunasekara, Pallant, Pallant, and Pechenkina (2023:2 of 13) define Gen-AI as a technology that 1) uses deep learning models to 2) generate human-like content (e.g., images and words) in response to 3) complex and varied prompts (e.g., languages, instructions, and questions). It can do so in response to a wide range of prompts that may be complex and diverse, including different languages, instructions, or questions. In other words, Gen-AI can produce human-like outputs when given various types of input. 8 03 06 10.64449/9780639889917-07 219 244 Chapter 01 01 Perceiving Generative AI through Educators’ Eyes Benefits and Challenges 1 B01 Geesje van den Berg Geesje van den Berg 2 A01 Patience K. Mudau Patience K. Mudau 03 00 AI (Artificial intelligence) in education offers a wide range of benefits that can enhance the learning experience for students, streamline administrative processes, and support educators. AI refers to advanced computing systems that process the ability to perform tasks that traditionally require human intelligence. These systems can learn, adapt, correct, synthesis, and use large amounts of text to carry out complex tasks (Popenici &amp; Kerr 2017:2). AI has opened new possibilities and encouraged challenges at all levels of education (Silander &amp; Stigmar 2019:274). Its applications in education are on the rise and have recently received much attention. However, AI is not new and has a long history. The origin of AI can be traced to the 1950s, when John McCarthy arranged a two-month workshop at Dartmouth College in the USA. In the proposal for the workshop, McCarthy was the first person to use the term ‘Artificial Intelligence’ in 1956 (Kühl, Schemmer, Goutier, &amp; Satzger 2022:2237). Gen-AI (Generative AI) refers to technology that uses DL (deep learning) models to generate human-like content, like images and text, based on complex and varied prompts, including languages, instructions, and questions (Lim, Gunasekara, Pallant, Pallant, &amp; Pechenkina 2023:2 of 13). Currently, Gen-AI is at the forefront of leveraging DL models to mimic human-like content. 30 00 AI (Artificial intelligence) in education offers a wide range of benefits that can enhance the learning experience for students, streamline administrative processes, and support educators. AI refers to advanced computing systems that process the ability to perform tasks that traditionally require human intelligence. These systems can learn, adapt, correct, synthesis, and use large amounts of text to carry out complex tasks (Popenici &amp; Kerr 2017:2). AI has opened new possibilities and encouraged challenges at all levels of education (Silander &amp; Stigmar 2019:274). Its applications in education are on the rise and have recently received much attention. However, AI is not new and has a long history. The origin of AI can be traced to the 1950s, when John McCarthy arranged a two-month workshop at Dartmouth College in the USA. In the proposal for the workshop, McCarthy was the first person to use the term ‘Artificial Intelligence’ in 1956 (Kühl, Schemmer, Goutier, &amp; Satzger 2022:2237). Gen-AI (Generative AI) refers to technology that uses DL (deep learning) models to generate human-like content, like images and text, based on complex and varied prompts, including languages, instructions, and questions (Lim, Gunasekara, Pallant, Pallant, &amp; Pechenkina 2023:2 of 13). Currently, Gen-AI is at the forefront of leveraging DL models to mimic human-like content. 9 03 06 10.64449/9780639889917-08 245 274 Chapter 01 01 Artificial Intelligence such as Generative Pretrained Transformer Reimagining Online Assessment Methods 1 A01 Elize C. du Plessis Elize C. du Plessis 03 00 Online assessment techniques have become increasingly popular recently, especially with the rise of COVID-19 (Coronavirus disease of 2019), since they offer practical and effective ways to access knowledge, skills, and competencies. 2023 will go down in history as the year in which AI (artificial intelligence) – more significantly, LLMs (large language models) – and their brazen poster child, ChatGPT (chat generative pre-trained transformer), have revolutionised everything (Bekker 2024). The introduction of advanced LLMs like ChatGPT, developed by OpenAI, can potentially transform online assessment significantly. However, while there are ongoing discussions about ChatGPT, more practical examples need to be provided to showcase its utilisation in online assessments. It is crucial to shed light on the assessment process, as many students focus solely on passing exams rather than embracing the learning experience throughout the year, leading to a disconnect between the process and the outcome (MacGregor 2023). 30 00 Online assessment techniques have become increasingly popular recently, especially with the rise of COVID-19 (Coronavirus disease of 2019), since they offer practical and effective ways to access knowledge, skills, and competencies. 2023 will go down in history as the year in which AI (artificial intelligence) – more significantly, LLMs (large language models) – and their brazen poster child, ChatGPT (chat generative pre-trained transformer), have revolutionised everything (Bekker 2024). The introduction of advanced LLMs like ChatGPT, developed by OpenAI, can potentially transform online assessment significantly. However, while there are ongoing discussions about ChatGPT, more practical examples need to be provided to showcase its utilisation in online assessments. It is crucial to shed light on the assessment process, as many students focus solely on passing exams rather than embracing the learning experience throughout the year, leading to a disconnect between the process and the outcome (MacGregor 2023). 10 03 06 10.64449/9780639889917-09 275 294 20 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Is ChatGPT Capable of Generating Accurate Information? Academics Employ Strategies to Prevent Academic Dishonesty at a Faculty of Education 1 A01 Micheal M van Wyk Micheal M van Wyk 02 00 AI is not a recent concept, as Isaac Asimov has already made his infamous robotic invention based on the Three laws of robotics and the science fiction book, I Robot (1950). Alan Turing extended AI research in the 1950s, which led UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organisation) to recommend ethical considerations for usin 03 00 AI is not a recent concept, as Isaac Asimov has already made his infamous robotic invention based on the Three laws of robotics and the science fiction book, I Robot (1950). Alan Turing extended AI research in the 1950s, which led UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organisation) to recommend ethical considerations for using AI tools to prevent abuse, fraud, and security risks. Based on the principles of AI ethics, different AI tools were developed to minimise academic integrity risks. Those early years of exploring AI in HE (higher education) opened many opportunities and challenges to the sector. The rapid development of AI research is having a profound impact on HE. AI solutions have great potential to speed up progress towards the SDGs (sustainable development goals) and the Africa Agenda 2063 vision. 30 00 AI is not a recent concept, as Isaac Asimov has already made his infamous robotic invention based on the Three laws of robotics and the science fiction book, I Robot (1950). Alan Turing extended AI research in the 1950s, which led UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organisation) to recommend ethical considerations for using AI tools to prevent abuse, fraud, and security risks. Based on the principles of AI ethics, different AI tools were developed to minimise academic integrity risks. Those early years of exploring AI in HE (higher education) opened many opportunities and challenges to the sector. The rapid development of AI research is having a profound impact on HE. AI solutions have great potential to speed up progress towards the SDGs (sustainable development goals) and the Africa Agenda 2063 vision. 20 00 Open Access Micheal M van Wyk UJ Press 01 URL https://ujpress.uj.ac.za 01 UJ Press 01 Publisher's website: home page https://ujpress.uj.ac.za/ 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/446 Johannesburg 04 01 20250902 Geesje van den Berg, Erna Oliver; Tony J. Mays, Samuel Amponsah, Micheal M van Wyk, Michael A Adarkwah, Nicky Tjano, Faiza Gani, Brenda van Wyk, Marlene Holmner, Patience K. Mudau, Elize C. du Plessis 02 WORLD 06 15 9780639889917 06 15 9780639889931 06 15 9780639889924 WORLD 09 UJ Press 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this product https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/446 20 08 20250902 01 urn:uuid:4d4f24a4-cfa3-41ab-b178-d9b96366be1a 03 01 01 thoth-work-id urn:uuid:4434d336-6b33-4636-9446-f9190431f11f 01 thoth-publication-id urn:uuid:4d4f24a4-cfa3-41ab-b178-d9b96366be1a 15 9780639889917 06 10.64449/9780639889917 00 EB E107 10 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 01 01 Artificial Intelligence Transforming Higher Education Volume 2 1 B01 21 0000-0003-3606-1537 Erna Oliver Erna Oliver 01 eng 00 330 03 93 5YS 10 EDU001030 20 higher education 20 artificial intelligence 20 4IR 20 ethics 01 06 02 00 When the rhythm of the music changes, the dance steps must change alsoStep onto the cusp of a new era in teaching and learning. Informed by leading innovators in education technology, this book offers a clear, practical roadmap to turn the promises of/about AI and LLMs into campus-ready solutions. 03 00 When the rhythm of the music changes, the dance steps must change also. Step onto the cusp of a new era in teaching and learning. Informed by leading innovators in education technology, this book offers a clear, practical roadmap to turn the promises of/about AI and LLMs into campus-ready solutions. Discover how to harness intelligent tools without losing sight of the human connections that define higher education. Inside these books you will learn how to• craft personalised learning experiences that enhance student engagement and success;• safeguard academic integrity while embracing AI-driven assessments;• empower yourselves with intuitive, low-barrier AI tools for content creation and feedback;• leverage data analytics to close equity gaps and support at-risk students; and• build an ethical AI and LLM strategy that aligns with higher educational missions and values.Whether you are an educator or instructor rethinking lesson design, or a manager streamlining support services, these volumes provide insights and guidance to lead change that will transform higher education culture, elevate outcomes, and equip graduates for work in an AI-infused world. 30 00 When the rhythm of the music changes, the dance steps must change also. Step onto the cusp of a new era in teaching and learning. Informed by leading innovators in education technology, this book offers a clear, practical roadmap to turn the promises of/about AI and LLMs into campus-ready solutions. Discover how to harness intelligent tools without losing sight of the human connections that define higher education. Inside these books you will learn how to• craft personalised learning experiences that enhance student engagement and success;• safeguard academic integrity while embracing AI-driven assessments;• empower yourselves with intuitive, low-barrier AI tools for content creation and feedback;• leverage data analytics to close equity gaps and support at-risk students; and• build an ethical AI and LLM strategy that aligns with higher educational missions and values.Whether you are an educator or instructor rethinking lesson design, or a manager streamlining support services, these volumes provide insights and guidance to lead change that will transform higher education culture, elevate outcomes, and equip graduates for work in an AI-infused world. 04 00 Foreword When the rhythm of the music changes, the dance step must change also Tony J. Mays DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639889917-00 PDF Navigating Academic Anxiety and Fostering Integrity in the Age of GPT Detectors Samuel Amponsah, Micheal M van Wyk, Michael A Adarkwah DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639889917-01 PDF AI and Academic Integrity Decussation Implications for Higher Education Nicky Tjano DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639889917-02 PDF Critical Considerations for Establishing a Link between Artificial Intelligence and Quality Assurance in Higher Education Faiza Gani DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639889917-03 PDF Artificial Intelligence and the Ethics of Tomorrow Tracing the Shift in Information Ethics through History Brenda van Wyk, Marlene Holmner DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639889917-04 PDF Unpacking the Role of Big Data, Artificial Intelligence, and Predictive Analytics in Education Implications for Educators and Research Ethics Review Committees Nicky Tjano DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639889917-05 PDF Transforming Higher Education The Profound Impact of Generative Artificial Intelligence on Teaching and Learning in the ChatGPT Era Geesje van den Berg DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639889917-06 PDF Perceiving Generative AI through Educators’ Eyes Benefits and Challenges Geesje van den Berg, Patience K. Mudau DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639889917-07 PDF Artificial Intelligence such as Generative Pretrained Transformer Reimagining Online Assessment Methods Elize C. du Plessis DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639889917-08 PDF Is ChatGPT Capable of Generating Accurate Information? Academics Employ Strategies to Prevent Academic Dishonesty at a Faculty of Education Micheal M van Wyk DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639889917-09 PDF 20 00 Open Access 01 00 03 02 https://books.ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/10.64449/9780639889917_frontcover.jpg 1 03 06 10.64449/9780639889917-00 ix xxxvi 18 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Chapter 01 01 Foreword When the rhythm of the music changes, the dance step must change also 1 A01 Tony J. Mays Tony J. Mays 02 00 When Prof (Professor) Geesje van den Berg first informed me that they were working on a book about AI in education, I was thrilled, as discussions surrounding technological innovation are often dominated by the discourse of the Global North, meaning that the voices from the developing economies of the Global South are insufficiently represented. 03 00 When Prof (Professor) Geesje van den Berg first informed me that they were working on a book about AI in education, I was thrilled, as discussions surrounding technological innovation are often dominated by the discourse of the Global North, meaning that the voices from the developing economies of the Global South are insufficiently represented. When she later invited me to contribute a foreword, I felt both honoured and intrigued to be considered, as there are many individuals undertaking pioneering work in this field who might offer a more unique perspective. However, Prof Van den Berg and I have known each other for many years, having collaborated at UNISA on an interim educator qualification called the National Professional Diploma in Education, and subsequently on a Master’s programme in open and distance learning (ODL), as well as having contributed to the same textbook on Curriculum Studies. Therefore, I was confident that the new publication would be something to eagerly anticipate. 30 00 When Prof (Professor) Geesje van den Berg first informed me that they were working on a book about AI in education, I was thrilled, as discussions surrounding technological innovation are often dominated by the discourse of the Global North, meaning that the voices from the developing economies of the Global South are insufficiently represented. When she later invited me to contribute a foreword, I felt both honoured and intrigued to be considered, as there are many individuals undertaking pioneering work in this field who might offer a more unique perspective. However, Prof Van den Berg and I have known each other for many years, having collaborated at UNISA on an interim educator qualification called the National Professional Diploma in Education, and subsequently on a Master’s programme in open and distance learning (ODL), as well as having contributed to the same textbook on Curriculum Studies. Therefore, I was confident that the new publication would be something to eagerly anticipate. 20 00 Open Access Tony J. Mays 2 03 06 10.64449/9780639889917-01 3 27 Chapter 01 01 Navigating Academic Anxiety and Fostering Integrity in the Age of GPT Detectors 1 A01 Samuel Amponsah Samuel Amponsah 2 A01 Micheal M van Wyk Micheal M van Wyk 3 A01 Michael A Adarkwah Michael A Adarkwah 03 00 Academic integrity is a fundamental principle of education and serves as the bedrock upon which the integrity of knowledge and scholarship rests (Bretag, Harper, Burton, Ellis, Newton, Rozenberg, Saddiqui, &amp; Van Haeringen 2019:1849). In today’s digital age, where the boundless expanse of information is merely a click away and educational landscapes have gravitated towards online platforms, the challenges to maintaining academic integrity have metamorphosed (Eaton &amp; Gysbers 2021:48). As asserted by Kumar (2020:133), students’ encounters with academic anxiety have surged, complicating the educational landscape even further. 30 00 Academic integrity is a fundamental principle of education and serves as the bedrock upon which the integrity of knowledge and scholarship rests (Bretag, Harper, Burton, Ellis, Newton, Rozenberg, Saddiqui, &amp; Van Haeringen 2019:1849). In today’s digital age, where the boundless expanse of information is merely a click away and educational landscapes have gravitated towards online platforms, the challenges to maintaining academic integrity have metamorphosed (Eaton &amp; Gysbers 2021:48). As asserted by Kumar (2020:133), students’ encounters with academic anxiety have surged, complicating the educational landscape even further. 3 03 06 10.64449/9780639889917-02 29 76 Chapter 01 01 AI and Academic Integrity Decussation Implications for Higher Education 1 A01 Nicky Tjano Nicky Tjano 03 00 AI (artificial intelligence) refers to systems that display intelligent behaviour by analysing their environment and taking actions – with some degree of autonomy – to achieve specific goals. AI-based systems can be purely software-based, acting in the virtual world (e.g., voice assistants, image analysis software, search engines, speech, and face recognition systems) or AI can be embedded in hardware devices (e.g., advanced robots, autonomous cars, drones, or IoT [internet of things] applications). This definition was proposed by HLEG (the High-Level Expert Group on Artificial Intelligence) in 2019. Samoili, Cobo, Gómez, De Prato, Martínez-Plumed, &amp; Delipetrev (2020:4) suggest that there are two broad categories that can be identified from this definition, namely the ability of machines to reason and make decisions and learn. 30 00 AI (artificial intelligence) refers to systems that display intelligent behaviour by analysing their environment and taking actions – with some degree of autonomy – to achieve specific goals. AI-based systems can be purely software-based, acting in the virtual world (e.g., voice assistants, image analysis software, search engines, speech, and face recognition systems) or AI can be embedded in hardware devices (e.g., advanced robots, autonomous cars, drones, or IoT [internet of things] applications). This definition was proposed by HLEG (the High-Level Expert Group on Artificial Intelligence) in 2019. Samoili, Cobo, Gómez, De Prato, Martínez-Plumed, &amp; Delipetrev (2020:4) suggest that there are two broad categories that can be identified from this definition, namely the ability of machines to reason and make decisions and learn. 4 03 06 10.64449/9780639889917-03 77 99 Chapter 01 01 Critical Considerations for Establishing a Link between Artificial Intelligence and Quality Assurance in Higher Education 1 A01 Faiza Gani Faiza Gani 03 00 AI (Artificial intelligence) has permeated the world and currently has an undeniable footprint in most areas of society. In relation to the HE (higher education) sector, AI is becoming a prominent feature. AI in HE is readily accessible through the use of ‘intelligent tutoring systems, teaching robots, learning analytics dashboards, adaptive learning systems and human-computer interfaces’ (Ishak &amp; Jiang 2022:70). Pelletier, Robert, Muscanell, McCormack, Reeves, Arbino, and Grajek (2023:4) aptly highlight the impact that AI currently has on the globe and the need to consider it as a current trend in the HE sector. Huang, Saleh, and Liu (2021:206) similarly argue that it is indisputable that AI has infiltrated the education space. As modern science and technology progress, the advancement in AI has also progressed. Research indicates that AI, when applied to education, has resulted in positive effects which have aided toward teaching reform (Huang et al. 2021:206). 30 00 AI (Artificial intelligence) has permeated the world and currently has an undeniable footprint in most areas of society. In relation to the HE (higher education) sector, AI is becoming a prominent feature. AI in HE is readily accessible through the use of ‘intelligent tutoring systems, teaching robots, learning analytics dashboards, adaptive learning systems and human-computer interfaces’ (Ishak &amp; Jiang 2022:70). Pelletier, Robert, Muscanell, McCormack, Reeves, Arbino, and Grajek (2023:4) aptly highlight the impact that AI currently has on the globe and the need to consider it as a current trend in the HE sector. Huang, Saleh, and Liu (2021:206) similarly argue that it is indisputable that AI has infiltrated the education space. As modern science and technology progress, the advancement in AI has also progressed. Research indicates that AI, when applied to education, has resulted in positive effects which have aided toward teaching reform (Huang et al. 2021:206). 5 03 06 10.64449/9780639889917-04 101 140 Chapter 01 01 Artificial Intelligence and the Ethics of Tomorrow Tracing the Shift in Information Ethics through History 1 A01 Brenda van Wyk Brenda van Wyk 2 A01 Marlene Holmner Marlene Holmner 03 00 The emergence and ongoing development of the information era have given rise to various ethical dilemmas that are inherent to the essence of information. IE (information ethics) is an interdisciplinary area that incorporates disciplines such as philosophy, computer science, sociology, law, and others, as highlighted by scholars like Quin (2011) and Floridi (2019). Although the information age is frequently regarded as a contemporary occurrence, this perspective fails to acknowledge its underlying historical origins. The origins of this age can be attributed to previous advancements in communication and Its (information technologies). The information age is currently recognised as a dynamic and ongoing era characterised by swift technological developments that are continuously transforming various aspects of society, such as communication, education, healthcare, and entertainment. 30 00 The emergence and ongoing development of the information era have given rise to various ethical dilemmas that are inherent to the essence of information. IE (information ethics) is an interdisciplinary area that incorporates disciplines such as philosophy, computer science, sociology, law, and others, as highlighted by scholars like Quin (2011) and Floridi (2019). Although the information age is frequently regarded as a contemporary occurrence, this perspective fails to acknowledge its underlying historical origins. The origins of this age can be attributed to previous advancements in communication and Its (information technologies). The information age is currently recognised as a dynamic and ongoing era characterised by swift technological developments that are continuously transforming various aspects of society, such as communication, education, healthcare, and entertainment. 6 03 06 10.64449/9780639889917-05 141 190 Chapter 01 01 Unpacking the Role of Big Data, Artificial Intelligence, and Predictive Analytics in Education Implications for Educators and Research Ethics Review Committees 1 A01 Nicky Tjano Nicky Tjano 03 00 Goodbye to ChatGPT (chat generative pre-trained transformer), hello to AI (artificial intelligence) on the moon! AI is daring to have its finger touching the surface of the moon. The CMCSS (Canadian Mission Control Space Services) through budgetary funding of $3.04 million by the Canadian Space Agency made history when it launched the Rashid Rover on 11 December 2023, with the aim of spending one lunar day in space. The mission will see the Rover capturing and identifying geological features through pictures, and it was motivated by CMCSS’ urge to be the pioneer in showcasing AI’s DL (deep learning) capabilities first in lunar space. DL is a subset of ML (machine learning) and it relies on large and vast volumes of data, based on complex algorithms to train the model (Rane, Kaya, Mallick, &amp; Rane 2024:218). 30 00 Goodbye to ChatGPT (chat generative pre-trained transformer), hello to AI (artificial intelligence) on the moon! AI is daring to have its finger touching the surface of the moon. The CMCSS (Canadian Mission Control Space Services) through budgetary funding of $3.04 million by the Canadian Space Agency made history when it launched the Rashid Rover on 11 December 2023, with the aim of spending one lunar day in space. The mission will see the Rover capturing and identifying geological features through pictures, and it was motivated by CMCSS’ urge to be the pioneer in showcasing AI’s DL (deep learning) capabilities first in lunar space. DL is a subset of ML (machine learning) and it relies on large and vast volumes of data, based on complex algorithms to train the model (Rane, Kaya, Mallick, &amp; Rane 2024:218). 7 03 06 10.64449/9780639889917-06 193 218 Chapter 01 01 Transforming Higher Education The Profound Impact of Generative Artificial Intelligence on Teaching and Learning in the ChatGPT Era 1 B01 Geesje van den Berg Geesje van den Berg 03 00 Educational practices in the 21st century have undergone a significant transformation due to technological advances, particularly in artificial intelligence (AI). Recent developments and expansion in machine learning led to the emergence of generative artificial intelligence (Gen-AI), an advanced and innovative technology (Hu 2022). Lim, Gunasekara, Pallant, Pallant, and Pechenkina (2023:2 of 13) define Gen-AI as a technology that 1) uses deep learning models to 2) generate human-like content (e.g., images and words) in response to 3) complex and varied prompts (e.g., languages, instructions, and questions). It can do so in response to a wide range of prompts that may be complex and diverse, including different languages, instructions, or questions. In other words, Gen-AI can produce human-like outputs when given various types of input. 30 00 Educational practices in the 21st century have undergone a significant transformation due to technological advances, particularly in artificial intelligence (AI). Recent developments and expansion in machine learning led to the emergence of generative artificial intelligence (Gen-AI), an advanced and innovative technology (Hu 2022). Lim, Gunasekara, Pallant, Pallant, and Pechenkina (2023:2 of 13) define Gen-AI as a technology that 1) uses deep learning models to 2) generate human-like content (e.g., images and words) in response to 3) complex and varied prompts (e.g., languages, instructions, and questions). It can do so in response to a wide range of prompts that may be complex and diverse, including different languages, instructions, or questions. In other words, Gen-AI can produce human-like outputs when given various types of input. 8 03 06 10.64449/9780639889917-07 219 244 Chapter 01 01 Perceiving Generative AI through Educators’ Eyes Benefits and Challenges 1 B01 Geesje van den Berg Geesje van den Berg 2 A01 Patience K. Mudau Patience K. Mudau 03 00 AI (Artificial intelligence) in education offers a wide range of benefits that can enhance the learning experience for students, streamline administrative processes, and support educators. AI refers to advanced computing systems that process the ability to perform tasks that traditionally require human intelligence. These systems can learn, adapt, correct, synthesis, and use large amounts of text to carry out complex tasks (Popenici &amp; Kerr 2017:2). AI has opened new possibilities and encouraged challenges at all levels of education (Silander &amp; Stigmar 2019:274). Its applications in education are on the rise and have recently received much attention. However, AI is not new and has a long history. The origin of AI can be traced to the 1950s, when John McCarthy arranged a two-month workshop at Dartmouth College in the USA. In the proposal for the workshop, McCarthy was the first person to use the term ‘Artificial Intelligence’ in 1956 (Kühl, Schemmer, Goutier, &amp; Satzger 2022:2237). Gen-AI (Generative AI) refers to technology that uses DL (deep learning) models to generate human-like content, like images and text, based on complex and varied prompts, including languages, instructions, and questions (Lim, Gunasekara, Pallant, Pallant, &amp; Pechenkina 2023:2 of 13). Currently, Gen-AI is at the forefront of leveraging DL models to mimic human-like content. 30 00 AI (Artificial intelligence) in education offers a wide range of benefits that can enhance the learning experience for students, streamline administrative processes, and support educators. AI refers to advanced computing systems that process the ability to perform tasks that traditionally require human intelligence. These systems can learn, adapt, correct, synthesis, and use large amounts of text to carry out complex tasks (Popenici &amp; Kerr 2017:2). AI has opened new possibilities and encouraged challenges at all levels of education (Silander &amp; Stigmar 2019:274). Its applications in education are on the rise and have recently received much attention. However, AI is not new and has a long history. The origin of AI can be traced to the 1950s, when John McCarthy arranged a two-month workshop at Dartmouth College in the USA. In the proposal for the workshop, McCarthy was the first person to use the term ‘Artificial Intelligence’ in 1956 (Kühl, Schemmer, Goutier, &amp; Satzger 2022:2237). Gen-AI (Generative AI) refers to technology that uses DL (deep learning) models to generate human-like content, like images and text, based on complex and varied prompts, including languages, instructions, and questions (Lim, Gunasekara, Pallant, Pallant, &amp; Pechenkina 2023:2 of 13). Currently, Gen-AI is at the forefront of leveraging DL models to mimic human-like content. 9 03 06 10.64449/9780639889917-08 245 274 Chapter 01 01 Artificial Intelligence such as Generative Pretrained Transformer Reimagining Online Assessment Methods 1 A01 Elize C. du Plessis Elize C. du Plessis 03 00 Online assessment techniques have become increasingly popular recently, especially with the rise of COVID-19 (Coronavirus disease of 2019), since they offer practical and effective ways to access knowledge, skills, and competencies. 2023 will go down in history as the year in which AI (artificial intelligence) – more significantly, LLMs (large language models) – and their brazen poster child, ChatGPT (chat generative pre-trained transformer), have revolutionised everything (Bekker 2024). The introduction of advanced LLMs like ChatGPT, developed by OpenAI, can potentially transform online assessment significantly. However, while there are ongoing discussions about ChatGPT, more practical examples need to be provided to showcase its utilisation in online assessments. It is crucial to shed light on the assessment process, as many students focus solely on passing exams rather than embracing the learning experience throughout the year, leading to a disconnect between the process and the outcome (MacGregor 2023). 30 00 Online assessment techniques have become increasingly popular recently, especially with the rise of COVID-19 (Coronavirus disease of 2019), since they offer practical and effective ways to access knowledge, skills, and competencies. 2023 will go down in history as the year in which AI (artificial intelligence) – more significantly, LLMs (large language models) – and their brazen poster child, ChatGPT (chat generative pre-trained transformer), have revolutionised everything (Bekker 2024). The introduction of advanced LLMs like ChatGPT, developed by OpenAI, can potentially transform online assessment significantly. However, while there are ongoing discussions about ChatGPT, more practical examples need to be provided to showcase its utilisation in online assessments. It is crucial to shed light on the assessment process, as many students focus solely on passing exams rather than embracing the learning experience throughout the year, leading to a disconnect between the process and the outcome (MacGregor 2023). 10 03 06 10.64449/9780639889917-09 275 294 20 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Is ChatGPT Capable of Generating Accurate Information? Academics Employ Strategies to Prevent Academic Dishonesty at a Faculty of Education 1 A01 Micheal M van Wyk Micheal M van Wyk 02 00 AI is not a recent concept, as Isaac Asimov has already made his infamous robotic invention based on the Three laws of robotics and the science fiction book, I Robot (1950). Alan Turing extended AI research in the 1950s, which led UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organisation) to recommend ethical considerations for usin 03 00 AI is not a recent concept, as Isaac Asimov has already made his infamous robotic invention based on the Three laws of robotics and the science fiction book, I Robot (1950). Alan Turing extended AI research in the 1950s, which led UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organisation) to recommend ethical considerations for using AI tools to prevent abuse, fraud, and security risks. Based on the principles of AI ethics, different AI tools were developed to minimise academic integrity risks. Those early years of exploring AI in HE (higher education) opened many opportunities and challenges to the sector. The rapid development of AI research is having a profound impact on HE. AI solutions have great potential to speed up progress towards the SDGs (sustainable development goals) and the Africa Agenda 2063 vision. 30 00 AI is not a recent concept, as Isaac Asimov has already made his infamous robotic invention based on the Three laws of robotics and the science fiction book, I Robot (1950). Alan Turing extended AI research in the 1950s, which led UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organisation) to recommend ethical considerations for using AI tools to prevent abuse, fraud, and security risks. Based on the principles of AI ethics, different AI tools were developed to minimise academic integrity risks. Those early years of exploring AI in HE (higher education) opened many opportunities and challenges to the sector. The rapid development of AI research is having a profound impact on HE. AI solutions have great potential to speed up progress towards the SDGs (sustainable development goals) and the Africa Agenda 2063 vision. 20 00 Open Access Micheal M van Wyk UJ Press 01 URL https://ujpress.uj.ac.za 01 UJ Press 01 Publisher's website: home page https://ujpress.uj.ac.za/ 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/446 Johannesburg 04 01 20250902 Geesje van den Berg, Erna Oliver; Tony J. Mays, Samuel Amponsah, Micheal M van Wyk, Michael A Adarkwah, Nicky Tjano, Faiza Gani, Brenda van Wyk, Marlene Holmner, Patience K. Mudau, Elize C. du Plessis 02 WORLD 06 15 9780639889900 06 15 9780639889931 06 15 9780639889924 WORLD 11 Unknown 36 Unspecified hosting platform: webpage for this product https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/446 29 Unspecified hosting platform: download the title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/view/446/1268/5433 20 08 20250902 01 11 THOTH 36 THOTH: webpage for this product https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/446 29 THOTH: download the title https://books.ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/10.64449/9780639889917.pdf 20 08 20250902 01 urn:uuid:ad465b32-ae96-40f5-9ef2-06b66ef9e497 03 01 01 thoth-work-id urn:uuid:4434d336-6b33-4636-9446-f9190431f11f 01 thoth-publication-id urn:uuid:ad465b32-ae96-40f5-9ef2-06b66ef9e497 15 9780639889931 06 10.64449/9780639889917 00 EB E113 10 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 01 01 Artificial Intelligence Transforming Higher Education Volume 2 1 B01 21 0000-0003-3606-1537 Erna Oliver Erna Oliver 01 eng 00 330 03 93 5YS 10 EDU001030 20 higher education 20 artificial intelligence 20 4IR 20 ethics 01 06 02 00 When the rhythm of the music changes, the dance steps must change alsoStep onto the cusp of a new era in teaching and learning. Informed by leading innovators in education technology, this book offers a clear, practical roadmap to turn the promises of/about AI and LLMs into campus-ready solutions. 03 00 When the rhythm of the music changes, the dance steps must change also. Step onto the cusp of a new era in teaching and learning. Informed by leading innovators in education technology, this book offers a clear, practical roadmap to turn the promises of/about AI and LLMs into campus-ready solutions. Discover how to harness intelligent tools without losing sight of the human connections that define higher education. Inside these books you will learn how to• craft personalised learning experiences that enhance student engagement and success;• safeguard academic integrity while embracing AI-driven assessments;• empower yourselves with intuitive, low-barrier AI tools for content creation and feedback;• leverage data analytics to close equity gaps and support at-risk students; and• build an ethical AI and LLM strategy that aligns with higher educational missions and values.Whether you are an educator or instructor rethinking lesson design, or a manager streamlining support services, these volumes provide insights and guidance to lead change that will transform higher education culture, elevate outcomes, and equip graduates for work in an AI-infused world. 30 00 When the rhythm of the music changes, the dance steps must change also. Step onto the cusp of a new era in teaching and learning. Informed by leading innovators in education technology, this book offers a clear, practical roadmap to turn the promises of/about AI and LLMs into campus-ready solutions. Discover how to harness intelligent tools without losing sight of the human connections that define higher education. Inside these books you will learn how to• craft personalised learning experiences that enhance student engagement and success;• safeguard academic integrity while embracing AI-driven assessments;• empower yourselves with intuitive, low-barrier AI tools for content creation and feedback;• leverage data analytics to close equity gaps and support at-risk students; and• build an ethical AI and LLM strategy that aligns with higher educational missions and values.Whether you are an educator or instructor rethinking lesson design, or a manager streamlining support services, these volumes provide insights and guidance to lead change that will transform higher education culture, elevate outcomes, and equip graduates for work in an AI-infused world. 04 00 Foreword When the rhythm of the music changes, the dance step must change also Tony J. Mays DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639889917-00 PDF Navigating Academic Anxiety and Fostering Integrity in the Age of GPT Detectors Samuel Amponsah, Micheal M van Wyk, Michael A Adarkwah DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639889917-01 PDF AI and Academic Integrity Decussation Implications for Higher Education Nicky Tjano DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639889917-02 PDF Critical Considerations for Establishing a Link between Artificial Intelligence and Quality Assurance in Higher Education Faiza Gani DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639889917-03 PDF Artificial Intelligence and the Ethics of Tomorrow Tracing the Shift in Information Ethics through History Brenda van Wyk, Marlene Holmner DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639889917-04 PDF Unpacking the Role of Big Data, Artificial Intelligence, and Predictive Analytics in Education Implications for Educators and Research Ethics Review Committees Nicky Tjano DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639889917-05 PDF Transforming Higher Education The Profound Impact of Generative Artificial Intelligence on Teaching and Learning in the ChatGPT Era Geesje van den Berg DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639889917-06 PDF Perceiving Generative AI through Educators’ Eyes Benefits and Challenges Geesje van den Berg, Patience K. Mudau DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639889917-07 PDF Artificial Intelligence such as Generative Pretrained Transformer Reimagining Online Assessment Methods Elize C. du Plessis DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639889917-08 PDF Is ChatGPT Capable of Generating Accurate Information? Academics Employ Strategies to Prevent Academic Dishonesty at a Faculty of Education Micheal M van Wyk DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639889917-09 PDF 20 00 Open Access 01 00 03 02 https://books.ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/10.64449/9780639889917_frontcover.jpg 1 03 06 10.64449/9780639889917-00 ix xxxvi 18 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Chapter 01 01 Foreword When the rhythm of the music changes, the dance step must change also 1 A01 Tony J. Mays Tony J. Mays 02 00 When Prof (Professor) Geesje van den Berg first informed me that they were working on a book about AI in education, I was thrilled, as discussions surrounding technological innovation are often dominated by the discourse of the Global North, meaning that the voices from the developing economies of the Global South are insufficiently represented. 03 00 When Prof (Professor) Geesje van den Berg first informed me that they were working on a book about AI in education, I was thrilled, as discussions surrounding technological innovation are often dominated by the discourse of the Global North, meaning that the voices from the developing economies of the Global South are insufficiently represented. When she later invited me to contribute a foreword, I felt both honoured and intrigued to be considered, as there are many individuals undertaking pioneering work in this field who might offer a more unique perspective. However, Prof Van den Berg and I have known each other for many years, having collaborated at UNISA on an interim educator qualification called the National Professional Diploma in Education, and subsequently on a Master’s programme in open and distance learning (ODL), as well as having contributed to the same textbook on Curriculum Studies. Therefore, I was confident that the new publication would be something to eagerly anticipate. 30 00 When Prof (Professor) Geesje van den Berg first informed me that they were working on a book about AI in education, I was thrilled, as discussions surrounding technological innovation are often dominated by the discourse of the Global North, meaning that the voices from the developing economies of the Global South are insufficiently represented. When she later invited me to contribute a foreword, I felt both honoured and intrigued to be considered, as there are many individuals undertaking pioneering work in this field who might offer a more unique perspective. However, Prof Van den Berg and I have known each other for many years, having collaborated at UNISA on an interim educator qualification called the National Professional Diploma in Education, and subsequently on a Master’s programme in open and distance learning (ODL), as well as having contributed to the same textbook on Curriculum Studies. Therefore, I was confident that the new publication would be something to eagerly anticipate. 20 00 Open Access Tony J. Mays 2 03 06 10.64449/9780639889917-01 3 27 Chapter 01 01 Navigating Academic Anxiety and Fostering Integrity in the Age of GPT Detectors 1 A01 Samuel Amponsah Samuel Amponsah 2 A01 Micheal M van Wyk Micheal M van Wyk 3 A01 Michael A Adarkwah Michael A Adarkwah 03 00 Academic integrity is a fundamental principle of education and serves as the bedrock upon which the integrity of knowledge and scholarship rests (Bretag, Harper, Burton, Ellis, Newton, Rozenberg, Saddiqui, &amp; Van Haeringen 2019:1849). In today’s digital age, where the boundless expanse of information is merely a click away and educational landscapes have gravitated towards online platforms, the challenges to maintaining academic integrity have metamorphosed (Eaton &amp; Gysbers 2021:48). As asserted by Kumar (2020:133), students’ encounters with academic anxiety have surged, complicating the educational landscape even further. 30 00 Academic integrity is a fundamental principle of education and serves as the bedrock upon which the integrity of knowledge and scholarship rests (Bretag, Harper, Burton, Ellis, Newton, Rozenberg, Saddiqui, &amp; Van Haeringen 2019:1849). In today’s digital age, where the boundless expanse of information is merely a click away and educational landscapes have gravitated towards online platforms, the challenges to maintaining academic integrity have metamorphosed (Eaton &amp; Gysbers 2021:48). As asserted by Kumar (2020:133), students’ encounters with academic anxiety have surged, complicating the educational landscape even further. 3 03 06 10.64449/9780639889917-02 29 76 Chapter 01 01 AI and Academic Integrity Decussation Implications for Higher Education 1 A01 Nicky Tjano Nicky Tjano 03 00 AI (artificial intelligence) refers to systems that display intelligent behaviour by analysing their environment and taking actions – with some degree of autonomy – to achieve specific goals. AI-based systems can be purely software-based, acting in the virtual world (e.g., voice assistants, image analysis software, search engines, speech, and face recognition systems) or AI can be embedded in hardware devices (e.g., advanced robots, autonomous cars, drones, or IoT [internet of things] applications). This definition was proposed by HLEG (the High-Level Expert Group on Artificial Intelligence) in 2019. Samoili, Cobo, Gómez, De Prato, Martínez-Plumed, &amp; Delipetrev (2020:4) suggest that there are two broad categories that can be identified from this definition, namely the ability of machines to reason and make decisions and learn. 30 00 AI (artificial intelligence) refers to systems that display intelligent behaviour by analysing their environment and taking actions – with some degree of autonomy – to achieve specific goals. AI-based systems can be purely software-based, acting in the virtual world (e.g., voice assistants, image analysis software, search engines, speech, and face recognition systems) or AI can be embedded in hardware devices (e.g., advanced robots, autonomous cars, drones, or IoT [internet of things] applications). This definition was proposed by HLEG (the High-Level Expert Group on Artificial Intelligence) in 2019. Samoili, Cobo, Gómez, De Prato, Martínez-Plumed, &amp; Delipetrev (2020:4) suggest that there are two broad categories that can be identified from this definition, namely the ability of machines to reason and make decisions and learn. 4 03 06 10.64449/9780639889917-03 77 99 Chapter 01 01 Critical Considerations for Establishing a Link between Artificial Intelligence and Quality Assurance in Higher Education 1 A01 Faiza Gani Faiza Gani 03 00 AI (Artificial intelligence) has permeated the world and currently has an undeniable footprint in most areas of society. In relation to the HE (higher education) sector, AI is becoming a prominent feature. AI in HE is readily accessible through the use of ‘intelligent tutoring systems, teaching robots, learning analytics dashboards, adaptive learning systems and human-computer interfaces’ (Ishak &amp; Jiang 2022:70). Pelletier, Robert, Muscanell, McCormack, Reeves, Arbino, and Grajek (2023:4) aptly highlight the impact that AI currently has on the globe and the need to consider it as a current trend in the HE sector. Huang, Saleh, and Liu (2021:206) similarly argue that it is indisputable that AI has infiltrated the education space. As modern science and technology progress, the advancement in AI has also progressed. Research indicates that AI, when applied to education, has resulted in positive effects which have aided toward teaching reform (Huang et al. 2021:206). 30 00 AI (Artificial intelligence) has permeated the world and currently has an undeniable footprint in most areas of society. In relation to the HE (higher education) sector, AI is becoming a prominent feature. AI in HE is readily accessible through the use of ‘intelligent tutoring systems, teaching robots, learning analytics dashboards, adaptive learning systems and human-computer interfaces’ (Ishak &amp; Jiang 2022:70). Pelletier, Robert, Muscanell, McCormack, Reeves, Arbino, and Grajek (2023:4) aptly highlight the impact that AI currently has on the globe and the need to consider it as a current trend in the HE sector. Huang, Saleh, and Liu (2021:206) similarly argue that it is indisputable that AI has infiltrated the education space. As modern science and technology progress, the advancement in AI has also progressed. Research indicates that AI, when applied to education, has resulted in positive effects which have aided toward teaching reform (Huang et al. 2021:206). 5 03 06 10.64449/9780639889917-04 101 140 Chapter 01 01 Artificial Intelligence and the Ethics of Tomorrow Tracing the Shift in Information Ethics through History 1 A01 Brenda van Wyk Brenda van Wyk 2 A01 Marlene Holmner Marlene Holmner 03 00 The emergence and ongoing development of the information era have given rise to various ethical dilemmas that are inherent to the essence of information. IE (information ethics) is an interdisciplinary area that incorporates disciplines such as philosophy, computer science, sociology, law, and others, as highlighted by scholars like Quin (2011) and Floridi (2019). Although the information age is frequently regarded as a contemporary occurrence, this perspective fails to acknowledge its underlying historical origins. The origins of this age can be attributed to previous advancements in communication and Its (information technologies). The information age is currently recognised as a dynamic and ongoing era characterised by swift technological developments that are continuously transforming various aspects of society, such as communication, education, healthcare, and entertainment. 30 00 The emergence and ongoing development of the information era have given rise to various ethical dilemmas that are inherent to the essence of information. IE (information ethics) is an interdisciplinary area that incorporates disciplines such as philosophy, computer science, sociology, law, and others, as highlighted by scholars like Quin (2011) and Floridi (2019). Although the information age is frequently regarded as a contemporary occurrence, this perspective fails to acknowledge its underlying historical origins. The origins of this age can be attributed to previous advancements in communication and Its (information technologies). The information age is currently recognised as a dynamic and ongoing era characterised by swift technological developments that are continuously transforming various aspects of society, such as communication, education, healthcare, and entertainment. 6 03 06 10.64449/9780639889917-05 141 190 Chapter 01 01 Unpacking the Role of Big Data, Artificial Intelligence, and Predictive Analytics in Education Implications for Educators and Research Ethics Review Committees 1 A01 Nicky Tjano Nicky Tjano 03 00 Goodbye to ChatGPT (chat generative pre-trained transformer), hello to AI (artificial intelligence) on the moon! AI is daring to have its finger touching the surface of the moon. The CMCSS (Canadian Mission Control Space Services) through budgetary funding of $3.04 million by the Canadian Space Agency made history when it launched the Rashid Rover on 11 December 2023, with the aim of spending one lunar day in space. The mission will see the Rover capturing and identifying geological features through pictures, and it was motivated by CMCSS’ urge to be the pioneer in showcasing AI’s DL (deep learning) capabilities first in lunar space. DL is a subset of ML (machine learning) and it relies on large and vast volumes of data, based on complex algorithms to train the model (Rane, Kaya, Mallick, &amp; Rane 2024:218). 30 00 Goodbye to ChatGPT (chat generative pre-trained transformer), hello to AI (artificial intelligence) on the moon! AI is daring to have its finger touching the surface of the moon. The CMCSS (Canadian Mission Control Space Services) through budgetary funding of $3.04 million by the Canadian Space Agency made history when it launched the Rashid Rover on 11 December 2023, with the aim of spending one lunar day in space. The mission will see the Rover capturing and identifying geological features through pictures, and it was motivated by CMCSS’ urge to be the pioneer in showcasing AI’s DL (deep learning) capabilities first in lunar space. DL is a subset of ML (machine learning) and it relies on large and vast volumes of data, based on complex algorithms to train the model (Rane, Kaya, Mallick, &amp; Rane 2024:218). 7 03 06 10.64449/9780639889917-06 193 218 Chapter 01 01 Transforming Higher Education The Profound Impact of Generative Artificial Intelligence on Teaching and Learning in the ChatGPT Era 1 B01 Geesje van den Berg Geesje van den Berg 03 00 Educational practices in the 21st century have undergone a significant transformation due to technological advances, particularly in artificial intelligence (AI). Recent developments and expansion in machine learning led to the emergence of generative artificial intelligence (Gen-AI), an advanced and innovative technology (Hu 2022). Lim, Gunasekara, Pallant, Pallant, and Pechenkina (2023:2 of 13) define Gen-AI as a technology that 1) uses deep learning models to 2) generate human-like content (e.g., images and words) in response to 3) complex and varied prompts (e.g., languages, instructions, and questions). It can do so in response to a wide range of prompts that may be complex and diverse, including different languages, instructions, or questions. In other words, Gen-AI can produce human-like outputs when given various types of input. 30 00 Educational practices in the 21st century have undergone a significant transformation due to technological advances, particularly in artificial intelligence (AI). Recent developments and expansion in machine learning led to the emergence of generative artificial intelligence (Gen-AI), an advanced and innovative technology (Hu 2022). Lim, Gunasekara, Pallant, Pallant, and Pechenkina (2023:2 of 13) define Gen-AI as a technology that 1) uses deep learning models to 2) generate human-like content (e.g., images and words) in response to 3) complex and varied prompts (e.g., languages, instructions, and questions). It can do so in response to a wide range of prompts that may be complex and diverse, including different languages, instructions, or questions. In other words, Gen-AI can produce human-like outputs when given various types of input. 8 03 06 10.64449/9780639889917-07 219 244 Chapter 01 01 Perceiving Generative AI through Educators’ Eyes Benefits and Challenges 1 B01 Geesje van den Berg Geesje van den Berg 2 A01 Patience K. Mudau Patience K. Mudau 03 00 AI (Artificial intelligence) in education offers a wide range of benefits that can enhance the learning experience for students, streamline administrative processes, and support educators. AI refers to advanced computing systems that process the ability to perform tasks that traditionally require human intelligence. These systems can learn, adapt, correct, synthesis, and use large amounts of text to carry out complex tasks (Popenici &amp; Kerr 2017:2). AI has opened new possibilities and encouraged challenges at all levels of education (Silander &amp; Stigmar 2019:274). Its applications in education are on the rise and have recently received much attention. However, AI is not new and has a long history. The origin of AI can be traced to the 1950s, when John McCarthy arranged a two-month workshop at Dartmouth College in the USA. In the proposal for the workshop, McCarthy was the first person to use the term ‘Artificial Intelligence’ in 1956 (Kühl, Schemmer, Goutier, &amp; Satzger 2022:2237). Gen-AI (Generative AI) refers to technology that uses DL (deep learning) models to generate human-like content, like images and text, based on complex and varied prompts, including languages, instructions, and questions (Lim, Gunasekara, Pallant, Pallant, &amp; Pechenkina 2023:2 of 13). Currently, Gen-AI is at the forefront of leveraging DL models to mimic human-like content. 30 00 AI (Artificial intelligence) in education offers a wide range of benefits that can enhance the learning experience for students, streamline administrative processes, and support educators. AI refers to advanced computing systems that process the ability to perform tasks that traditionally require human intelligence. These systems can learn, adapt, correct, synthesis, and use large amounts of text to carry out complex tasks (Popenici &amp; Kerr 2017:2). AI has opened new possibilities and encouraged challenges at all levels of education (Silander &amp; Stigmar 2019:274). Its applications in education are on the rise and have recently received much attention. However, AI is not new and has a long history. The origin of AI can be traced to the 1950s, when John McCarthy arranged a two-month workshop at Dartmouth College in the USA. In the proposal for the workshop, McCarthy was the first person to use the term ‘Artificial Intelligence’ in 1956 (Kühl, Schemmer, Goutier, &amp; Satzger 2022:2237). Gen-AI (Generative AI) refers to technology that uses DL (deep learning) models to generate human-like content, like images and text, based on complex and varied prompts, including languages, instructions, and questions (Lim, Gunasekara, Pallant, Pallant, &amp; Pechenkina 2023:2 of 13). Currently, Gen-AI is at the forefront of leveraging DL models to mimic human-like content. 9 03 06 10.64449/9780639889917-08 245 274 Chapter 01 01 Artificial Intelligence such as Generative Pretrained Transformer Reimagining Online Assessment Methods 1 A01 Elize C. du Plessis Elize C. du Plessis 03 00 Online assessment techniques have become increasingly popular recently, especially with the rise of COVID-19 (Coronavirus disease of 2019), since they offer practical and effective ways to access knowledge, skills, and competencies. 2023 will go down in history as the year in which AI (artificial intelligence) – more significantly, LLMs (large language models) – and their brazen poster child, ChatGPT (chat generative pre-trained transformer), have revolutionised everything (Bekker 2024). The introduction of advanced LLMs like ChatGPT, developed by OpenAI, can potentially transform online assessment significantly. However, while there are ongoing discussions about ChatGPT, more practical examples need to be provided to showcase its utilisation in online assessments. It is crucial to shed light on the assessment process, as many students focus solely on passing exams rather than embracing the learning experience throughout the year, leading to a disconnect between the process and the outcome (MacGregor 2023). 30 00 Online assessment techniques have become increasingly popular recently, especially with the rise of COVID-19 (Coronavirus disease of 2019), since they offer practical and effective ways to access knowledge, skills, and competencies. 2023 will go down in history as the year in which AI (artificial intelligence) – more significantly, LLMs (large language models) – and their brazen poster child, ChatGPT (chat generative pre-trained transformer), have revolutionised everything (Bekker 2024). The introduction of advanced LLMs like ChatGPT, developed by OpenAI, can potentially transform online assessment significantly. However, while there are ongoing discussions about ChatGPT, more practical examples need to be provided to showcase its utilisation in online assessments. It is crucial to shed light on the assessment process, as many students focus solely on passing exams rather than embracing the learning experience throughout the year, leading to a disconnect between the process and the outcome (MacGregor 2023). 10 03 06 10.64449/9780639889917-09 275 294 20 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Is ChatGPT Capable of Generating Accurate Information? Academics Employ Strategies to Prevent Academic Dishonesty at a Faculty of Education 1 A01 Micheal M van Wyk Micheal M van Wyk 02 00 AI is not a recent concept, as Isaac Asimov has already made his infamous robotic invention based on the Three laws of robotics and the science fiction book, I Robot (1950). Alan Turing extended AI research in the 1950s, which led UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organisation) to recommend ethical considerations for usin 03 00 AI is not a recent concept, as Isaac Asimov has already made his infamous robotic invention based on the Three laws of robotics and the science fiction book, I Robot (1950). Alan Turing extended AI research in the 1950s, which led UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organisation) to recommend ethical considerations for using AI tools to prevent abuse, fraud, and security risks. Based on the principles of AI ethics, different AI tools were developed to minimise academic integrity risks. Those early years of exploring AI in HE (higher education) opened many opportunities and challenges to the sector. The rapid development of AI research is having a profound impact on HE. AI solutions have great potential to speed up progress towards the SDGs (sustainable development goals) and the Africa Agenda 2063 vision. 30 00 AI is not a recent concept, as Isaac Asimov has already made his infamous robotic invention based on the Three laws of robotics and the science fiction book, I Robot (1950). Alan Turing extended AI research in the 1950s, which led UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organisation) to recommend ethical considerations for using AI tools to prevent abuse, fraud, and security risks. Based on the principles of AI ethics, different AI tools were developed to minimise academic integrity risks. Those early years of exploring AI in HE (higher education) opened many opportunities and challenges to the sector. The rapid development of AI research is having a profound impact on HE. AI solutions have great potential to speed up progress towards the SDGs (sustainable development goals) and the Africa Agenda 2063 vision. 20 00 Open Access Micheal M van Wyk UJ Press 01 URL https://ujpress.uj.ac.za 01 UJ Press 01 Publisher's website: home page https://ujpress.uj.ac.za/ 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/446 Johannesburg 04 01 20250902 Geesje van den Berg, Erna Oliver; Tony J. Mays, Samuel Amponsah, Micheal M van Wyk, Michael A Adarkwah, Nicky Tjano, Faiza Gani, Brenda van Wyk, Marlene Holmner, Patience K. Mudau, Elize C. du Plessis 02 WORLD 06 15 9780639889900 06 15 9780639889917 06 15 9780639889924 WORLD 11 Unknown 36 Unspecified hosting platform: webpage for this product https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/446 29 Unspecified hosting platform: download the title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/view/446/1270/5445 20 08 20250902 01 urn:uuid:edaf82e2-22cc-49a1-9c95-90feefb55aa8 03 01 01 thoth-work-id urn:uuid:4434d336-6b33-4636-9446-f9190431f11f 01 thoth-publication-id urn:uuid:edaf82e2-22cc-49a1-9c95-90feefb55aa8 15 9780639889924 06 10.64449/9780639889917 00 EB E101 10 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 01 01 Artificial Intelligence Transforming Higher Education Volume 2 1 B01 21 0000-0003-3606-1537 Erna Oliver Erna Oliver 01 eng 00 330 03 93 5YS 10 EDU001030 20 higher education 20 artificial intelligence 20 4IR 20 ethics 01 06 02 00 When the rhythm of the music changes, the dance steps must change alsoStep onto the cusp of a new era in teaching and learning. Informed by leading innovators in education technology, this book offers a clear, practical roadmap to turn the promises of/about AI and LLMs into campus-ready solutions. 03 00 When the rhythm of the music changes, the dance steps must change also. Step onto the cusp of a new era in teaching and learning. Informed by leading innovators in education technology, this book offers a clear, practical roadmap to turn the promises of/about AI and LLMs into campus-ready solutions. Discover how to harness intelligent tools without losing sight of the human connections that define higher education. Inside these books you will learn how to• craft personalised learning experiences that enhance student engagement and success;• safeguard academic integrity while embracing AI-driven assessments;• empower yourselves with intuitive, low-barrier AI tools for content creation and feedback;• leverage data analytics to close equity gaps and support at-risk students; and• build an ethical AI and LLM strategy that aligns with higher educational missions and values.Whether you are an educator or instructor rethinking lesson design, or a manager streamlining support services, these volumes provide insights and guidance to lead change that will transform higher education culture, elevate outcomes, and equip graduates for work in an AI-infused world. 30 00 When the rhythm of the music changes, the dance steps must change also. Step onto the cusp of a new era in teaching and learning. Informed by leading innovators in education technology, this book offers a clear, practical roadmap to turn the promises of/about AI and LLMs into campus-ready solutions. Discover how to harness intelligent tools without losing sight of the human connections that define higher education. Inside these books you will learn how to• craft personalised learning experiences that enhance student engagement and success;• safeguard academic integrity while embracing AI-driven assessments;• empower yourselves with intuitive, low-barrier AI tools for content creation and feedback;• leverage data analytics to close equity gaps and support at-risk students; and• build an ethical AI and LLM strategy that aligns with higher educational missions and values.Whether you are an educator or instructor rethinking lesson design, or a manager streamlining support services, these volumes provide insights and guidance to lead change that will transform higher education culture, elevate outcomes, and equip graduates for work in an AI-infused world. 04 00 Foreword When the rhythm of the music changes, the dance step must change also Tony J. Mays DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639889917-00 PDF Navigating Academic Anxiety and Fostering Integrity in the Age of GPT Detectors Samuel Amponsah, Micheal M van Wyk, Michael A Adarkwah DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639889917-01 PDF AI and Academic Integrity Decussation Implications for Higher Education Nicky Tjano DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639889917-02 PDF Critical Considerations for Establishing a Link between Artificial Intelligence and Quality Assurance in Higher Education Faiza Gani DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639889917-03 PDF Artificial Intelligence and the Ethics of Tomorrow Tracing the Shift in Information Ethics through History Brenda van Wyk, Marlene Holmner DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639889917-04 PDF Unpacking the Role of Big Data, Artificial Intelligence, and Predictive Analytics in Education Implications for Educators and Research Ethics Review Committees Nicky Tjano DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639889917-05 PDF Transforming Higher Education The Profound Impact of Generative Artificial Intelligence on Teaching and Learning in the ChatGPT Era Geesje van den Berg DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639889917-06 PDF Perceiving Generative AI through Educators’ Eyes Benefits and Challenges Geesje van den Berg, Patience K. Mudau DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639889917-07 PDF Artificial Intelligence such as Generative Pretrained Transformer Reimagining Online Assessment Methods Elize C. du Plessis DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639889917-08 PDF Is ChatGPT Capable of Generating Accurate Information? Academics Employ Strategies to Prevent Academic Dishonesty at a Faculty of Education Micheal M van Wyk DOI: https://doi.org/10.64449/9780639889917-09 PDF 20 00 Open Access 01 00 03 02 https://books.ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/10.64449/9780639889917_frontcover.jpg 1 03 06 10.64449/9780639889917-00 ix xxxvi 18 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Chapter 01 01 Foreword When the rhythm of the music changes, the dance step must change also 1 A01 Tony J. Mays Tony J. Mays 02 00 When Prof (Professor) Geesje van den Berg first informed me that they were working on a book about AI in education, I was thrilled, as discussions surrounding technological innovation are often dominated by the discourse of the Global North, meaning that the voices from the developing economies of the Global South are insufficiently represented. 03 00 When Prof (Professor) Geesje van den Berg first informed me that they were working on a book about AI in education, I was thrilled, as discussions surrounding technological innovation are often dominated by the discourse of the Global North, meaning that the voices from the developing economies of the Global South are insufficiently represented. When she later invited me to contribute a foreword, I felt both honoured and intrigued to be considered, as there are many individuals undertaking pioneering work in this field who might offer a more unique perspective. However, Prof Van den Berg and I have known each other for many years, having collaborated at UNISA on an interim educator qualification called the National Professional Diploma in Education, and subsequently on a Master’s programme in open and distance learning (ODL), as well as having contributed to the same textbook on Curriculum Studies. Therefore, I was confident that the new publication would be something to eagerly anticipate. 30 00 When Prof (Professor) Geesje van den Berg first informed me that they were working on a book about AI in education, I was thrilled, as discussions surrounding technological innovation are often dominated by the discourse of the Global North, meaning that the voices from the developing economies of the Global South are insufficiently represented. When she later invited me to contribute a foreword, I felt both honoured and intrigued to be considered, as there are many individuals undertaking pioneering work in this field who might offer a more unique perspective. However, Prof Van den Berg and I have known each other for many years, having collaborated at UNISA on an interim educator qualification called the National Professional Diploma in Education, and subsequently on a Master’s programme in open and distance learning (ODL), as well as having contributed to the same textbook on Curriculum Studies. Therefore, I was confident that the new publication would be something to eagerly anticipate. 20 00 Open Access Tony J. Mays 2 03 06 10.64449/9780639889917-01 3 27 Chapter 01 01 Navigating Academic Anxiety and Fostering Integrity in the Age of GPT Detectors 1 A01 Samuel Amponsah Samuel Amponsah 2 A01 Micheal M van Wyk Micheal M van Wyk 3 A01 Michael A Adarkwah Michael A Adarkwah 03 00 Academic integrity is a fundamental principle of education and serves as the bedrock upon which the integrity of knowledge and scholarship rests (Bretag, Harper, Burton, Ellis, Newton, Rozenberg, Saddiqui, &amp; Van Haeringen 2019:1849). In today’s digital age, where the boundless expanse of information is merely a click away and educational landscapes have gravitated towards online platforms, the challenges to maintaining academic integrity have metamorphosed (Eaton &amp; Gysbers 2021:48). As asserted by Kumar (2020:133), students’ encounters with academic anxiety have surged, complicating the educational landscape even further. 30 00 Academic integrity is a fundamental principle of education and serves as the bedrock upon which the integrity of knowledge and scholarship rests (Bretag, Harper, Burton, Ellis, Newton, Rozenberg, Saddiqui, &amp; Van Haeringen 2019:1849). In today’s digital age, where the boundless expanse of information is merely a click away and educational landscapes have gravitated towards online platforms, the challenges to maintaining academic integrity have metamorphosed (Eaton &amp; Gysbers 2021:48). As asserted by Kumar (2020:133), students’ encounters with academic anxiety have surged, complicating the educational landscape even further. 3 03 06 10.64449/9780639889917-02 29 76 Chapter 01 01 AI and Academic Integrity Decussation Implications for Higher Education 1 A01 Nicky Tjano Nicky Tjano 03 00 AI (artificial intelligence) refers to systems that display intelligent behaviour by analysing their environment and taking actions – with some degree of autonomy – to achieve specific goals. AI-based systems can be purely software-based, acting in the virtual world (e.g., voice assistants, image analysis software, search engines, speech, and face recognition systems) or AI can be embedded in hardware devices (e.g., advanced robots, autonomous cars, drones, or IoT [internet of things] applications). This definition was proposed by HLEG (the High-Level Expert Group on Artificial Intelligence) in 2019. Samoili, Cobo, Gómez, De Prato, Martínez-Plumed, &amp; Delipetrev (2020:4) suggest that there are two broad categories that can be identified from this definition, namely the ability of machines to reason and make decisions and learn. 30 00 AI (artificial intelligence) refers to systems that display intelligent behaviour by analysing their environment and taking actions – with some degree of autonomy – to achieve specific goals. AI-based systems can be purely software-based, acting in the virtual world (e.g., voice assistants, image analysis software, search engines, speech, and face recognition systems) or AI can be embedded in hardware devices (e.g., advanced robots, autonomous cars, drones, or IoT [internet of things] applications). This definition was proposed by HLEG (the High-Level Expert Group on Artificial Intelligence) in 2019. Samoili, Cobo, Gómez, De Prato, Martínez-Plumed, &amp; Delipetrev (2020:4) suggest that there are two broad categories that can be identified from this definition, namely the ability of machines to reason and make decisions and learn. 4 03 06 10.64449/9780639889917-03 77 99 Chapter 01 01 Critical Considerations for Establishing a Link between Artificial Intelligence and Quality Assurance in Higher Education 1 A01 Faiza Gani Faiza Gani 03 00 AI (Artificial intelligence) has permeated the world and currently has an undeniable footprint in most areas of society. In relation to the HE (higher education) sector, AI is becoming a prominent feature. AI in HE is readily accessible through the use of ‘intelligent tutoring systems, teaching robots, learning analytics dashboards, adaptive learning systems and human-computer interfaces’ (Ishak &amp; Jiang 2022:70). Pelletier, Robert, Muscanell, McCormack, Reeves, Arbino, and Grajek (2023:4) aptly highlight the impact that AI currently has on the globe and the need to consider it as a current trend in the HE sector. Huang, Saleh, and Liu (2021:206) similarly argue that it is indisputable that AI has infiltrated the education space. As modern science and technology progress, the advancement in AI has also progressed. Research indicates that AI, when applied to education, has resulted in positive effects which have aided toward teaching reform (Huang et al. 2021:206). 30 00 AI (Artificial intelligence) has permeated the world and currently has an undeniable footprint in most areas of society. In relation to the HE (higher education) sector, AI is becoming a prominent feature. AI in HE is readily accessible through the use of ‘intelligent tutoring systems, teaching robots, learning analytics dashboards, adaptive learning systems and human-computer interfaces’ (Ishak &amp; Jiang 2022:70). Pelletier, Robert, Muscanell, McCormack, Reeves, Arbino, and Grajek (2023:4) aptly highlight the impact that AI currently has on the globe and the need to consider it as a current trend in the HE sector. Huang, Saleh, and Liu (2021:206) similarly argue that it is indisputable that AI has infiltrated the education space. As modern science and technology progress, the advancement in AI has also progressed. Research indicates that AI, when applied to education, has resulted in positive effects which have aided toward teaching reform (Huang et al. 2021:206). 5 03 06 10.64449/9780639889917-04 101 140 Chapter 01 01 Artificial Intelligence and the Ethics of Tomorrow Tracing the Shift in Information Ethics through History 1 A01 Brenda van Wyk Brenda van Wyk 2 A01 Marlene Holmner Marlene Holmner 03 00 The emergence and ongoing development of the information era have given rise to various ethical dilemmas that are inherent to the essence of information. IE (information ethics) is an interdisciplinary area that incorporates disciplines such as philosophy, computer science, sociology, law, and others, as highlighted by scholars like Quin (2011) and Floridi (2019). Although the information age is frequently regarded as a contemporary occurrence, this perspective fails to acknowledge its underlying historical origins. The origins of this age can be attributed to previous advancements in communication and Its (information technologies). The information age is currently recognised as a dynamic and ongoing era characterised by swift technological developments that are continuously transforming various aspects of society, such as communication, education, healthcare, and entertainment. 30 00 The emergence and ongoing development of the information era have given rise to various ethical dilemmas that are inherent to the essence of information. IE (information ethics) is an interdisciplinary area that incorporates disciplines such as philosophy, computer science, sociology, law, and others, as highlighted by scholars like Quin (2011) and Floridi (2019). Although the information age is frequently regarded as a contemporary occurrence, this perspective fails to acknowledge its underlying historical origins. The origins of this age can be attributed to previous advancements in communication and Its (information technologies). The information age is currently recognised as a dynamic and ongoing era characterised by swift technological developments that are continuously transforming various aspects of society, such as communication, education, healthcare, and entertainment. 6 03 06 10.64449/9780639889917-05 141 190 Chapter 01 01 Unpacking the Role of Big Data, Artificial Intelligence, and Predictive Analytics in Education Implications for Educators and Research Ethics Review Committees 1 A01 Nicky Tjano Nicky Tjano 03 00 Goodbye to ChatGPT (chat generative pre-trained transformer), hello to AI (artificial intelligence) on the moon! AI is daring to have its finger touching the surface of the moon. The CMCSS (Canadian Mission Control Space Services) through budgetary funding of $3.04 million by the Canadian Space Agency made history when it launched the Rashid Rover on 11 December 2023, with the aim of spending one lunar day in space. The mission will see the Rover capturing and identifying geological features through pictures, and it was motivated by CMCSS’ urge to be the pioneer in showcasing AI’s DL (deep learning) capabilities first in lunar space. DL is a subset of ML (machine learning) and it relies on large and vast volumes of data, based on complex algorithms to train the model (Rane, Kaya, Mallick, &amp; Rane 2024:218). 30 00 Goodbye to ChatGPT (chat generative pre-trained transformer), hello to AI (artificial intelligence) on the moon! AI is daring to have its finger touching the surface of the moon. The CMCSS (Canadian Mission Control Space Services) through budgetary funding of $3.04 million by the Canadian Space Agency made history when it launched the Rashid Rover on 11 December 2023, with the aim of spending one lunar day in space. The mission will see the Rover capturing and identifying geological features through pictures, and it was motivated by CMCSS’ urge to be the pioneer in showcasing AI’s DL (deep learning) capabilities first in lunar space. DL is a subset of ML (machine learning) and it relies on large and vast volumes of data, based on complex algorithms to train the model (Rane, Kaya, Mallick, &amp; Rane 2024:218). 7 03 06 10.64449/9780639889917-06 193 218 Chapter 01 01 Transforming Higher Education The Profound Impact of Generative Artificial Intelligence on Teaching and Learning in the ChatGPT Era 1 B01 Geesje van den Berg Geesje van den Berg 03 00 Educational practices in the 21st century have undergone a significant transformation due to technological advances, particularly in artificial intelligence (AI). Recent developments and expansion in machine learning led to the emergence of generative artificial intelligence (Gen-AI), an advanced and innovative technology (Hu 2022). Lim, Gunasekara, Pallant, Pallant, and Pechenkina (2023:2 of 13) define Gen-AI as a technology that 1) uses deep learning models to 2) generate human-like content (e.g., images and words) in response to 3) complex and varied prompts (e.g., languages, instructions, and questions). It can do so in response to a wide range of prompts that may be complex and diverse, including different languages, instructions, or questions. In other words, Gen-AI can produce human-like outputs when given various types of input. 30 00 Educational practices in the 21st century have undergone a significant transformation due to technological advances, particularly in artificial intelligence (AI). Recent developments and expansion in machine learning led to the emergence of generative artificial intelligence (Gen-AI), an advanced and innovative technology (Hu 2022). Lim, Gunasekara, Pallant, Pallant, and Pechenkina (2023:2 of 13) define Gen-AI as a technology that 1) uses deep learning models to 2) generate human-like content (e.g., images and words) in response to 3) complex and varied prompts (e.g., languages, instructions, and questions). It can do so in response to a wide range of prompts that may be complex and diverse, including different languages, instructions, or questions. In other words, Gen-AI can produce human-like outputs when given various types of input. 8 03 06 10.64449/9780639889917-07 219 244 Chapter 01 01 Perceiving Generative AI through Educators’ Eyes Benefits and Challenges 1 B01 Geesje van den Berg Geesje van den Berg 2 A01 Patience K. Mudau Patience K. Mudau 03 00 AI (Artificial intelligence) in education offers a wide range of benefits that can enhance the learning experience for students, streamline administrative processes, and support educators. AI refers to advanced computing systems that process the ability to perform tasks that traditionally require human intelligence. These systems can learn, adapt, correct, synthesis, and use large amounts of text to carry out complex tasks (Popenici &amp; Kerr 2017:2). AI has opened new possibilities and encouraged challenges at all levels of education (Silander &amp; Stigmar 2019:274). Its applications in education are on the rise and have recently received much attention. However, AI is not new and has a long history. The origin of AI can be traced to the 1950s, when John McCarthy arranged a two-month workshop at Dartmouth College in the USA. In the proposal for the workshop, McCarthy was the first person to use the term ‘Artificial Intelligence’ in 1956 (Kühl, Schemmer, Goutier, &amp; Satzger 2022:2237). Gen-AI (Generative AI) refers to technology that uses DL (deep learning) models to generate human-like content, like images and text, based on complex and varied prompts, including languages, instructions, and questions (Lim, Gunasekara, Pallant, Pallant, &amp; Pechenkina 2023:2 of 13). Currently, Gen-AI is at the forefront of leveraging DL models to mimic human-like content. 30 00 AI (Artificial intelligence) in education offers a wide range of benefits that can enhance the learning experience for students, streamline administrative processes, and support educators. AI refers to advanced computing systems that process the ability to perform tasks that traditionally require human intelligence. These systems can learn, adapt, correct, synthesis, and use large amounts of text to carry out complex tasks (Popenici &amp; Kerr 2017:2). AI has opened new possibilities and encouraged challenges at all levels of education (Silander &amp; Stigmar 2019:274). Its applications in education are on the rise and have recently received much attention. However, AI is not new and has a long history. The origin of AI can be traced to the 1950s, when John McCarthy arranged a two-month workshop at Dartmouth College in the USA. In the proposal for the workshop, McCarthy was the first person to use the term ‘Artificial Intelligence’ in 1956 (Kühl, Schemmer, Goutier, &amp; Satzger 2022:2237). Gen-AI (Generative AI) refers to technology that uses DL (deep learning) models to generate human-like content, like images and text, based on complex and varied prompts, including languages, instructions, and questions (Lim, Gunasekara, Pallant, Pallant, &amp; Pechenkina 2023:2 of 13). Currently, Gen-AI is at the forefront of leveraging DL models to mimic human-like content. 9 03 06 10.64449/9780639889917-08 245 274 Chapter 01 01 Artificial Intelligence such as Generative Pretrained Transformer Reimagining Online Assessment Methods 1 A01 Elize C. du Plessis Elize C. du Plessis 03 00 Online assessment techniques have become increasingly popular recently, especially with the rise of COVID-19 (Coronavirus disease of 2019), since they offer practical and effective ways to access knowledge, skills, and competencies. 2023 will go down in history as the year in which AI (artificial intelligence) – more significantly, LLMs (large language models) – and their brazen poster child, ChatGPT (chat generative pre-trained transformer), have revolutionised everything (Bekker 2024). The introduction of advanced LLMs like ChatGPT, developed by OpenAI, can potentially transform online assessment significantly. However, while there are ongoing discussions about ChatGPT, more practical examples need to be provided to showcase its utilisation in online assessments. It is crucial to shed light on the assessment process, as many students focus solely on passing exams rather than embracing the learning experience throughout the year, leading to a disconnect between the process and the outcome (MacGregor 2023). 30 00 Online assessment techniques have become increasingly popular recently, especially with the rise of COVID-19 (Coronavirus disease of 2019), since they offer practical and effective ways to access knowledge, skills, and competencies. 2023 will go down in history as the year in which AI (artificial intelligence) – more significantly, LLMs (large language models) – and their brazen poster child, ChatGPT (chat generative pre-trained transformer), have revolutionised everything (Bekker 2024). The introduction of advanced LLMs like ChatGPT, developed by OpenAI, can potentially transform online assessment significantly. However, while there are ongoing discussions about ChatGPT, more practical examples need to be provided to showcase its utilisation in online assessments. It is crucial to shed light on the assessment process, as many students focus solely on passing exams rather than embracing the learning experience throughout the year, leading to a disconnect between the process and the outcome (MacGregor 2023). 10 03 06 10.64449/9780639889917-09 275 294 20 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 Chapter 01 01 Is ChatGPT Capable of Generating Accurate Information? Academics Employ Strategies to Prevent Academic Dishonesty at a Faculty of Education 1 A01 Micheal M van Wyk Micheal M van Wyk 02 00 AI is not a recent concept, as Isaac Asimov has already made his infamous robotic invention based on the Three laws of robotics and the science fiction book, I Robot (1950). Alan Turing extended AI research in the 1950s, which led UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organisation) to recommend ethical considerations for usin 03 00 AI is not a recent concept, as Isaac Asimov has already made his infamous robotic invention based on the Three laws of robotics and the science fiction book, I Robot (1950). Alan Turing extended AI research in the 1950s, which led UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organisation) to recommend ethical considerations for using AI tools to prevent abuse, fraud, and security risks. Based on the principles of AI ethics, different AI tools were developed to minimise academic integrity risks. Those early years of exploring AI in HE (higher education) opened many opportunities and challenges to the sector. The rapid development of AI research is having a profound impact on HE. AI solutions have great potential to speed up progress towards the SDGs (sustainable development goals) and the Africa Agenda 2063 vision. 30 00 AI is not a recent concept, as Isaac Asimov has already made his infamous robotic invention based on the Three laws of robotics and the science fiction book, I Robot (1950). Alan Turing extended AI research in the 1950s, which led UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organisation) to recommend ethical considerations for using AI tools to prevent abuse, fraud, and security risks. Based on the principles of AI ethics, different AI tools were developed to minimise academic integrity risks. Those early years of exploring AI in HE (higher education) opened many opportunities and challenges to the sector. The rapid development of AI research is having a profound impact on HE. AI solutions have great potential to speed up progress towards the SDGs (sustainable development goals) and the Africa Agenda 2063 vision. 20 00 Open Access Micheal M van Wyk UJ Press 01 URL https://ujpress.uj.ac.za 01 UJ Press 01 Publisher's website: home page https://ujpress.uj.ac.za/ 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/446 Johannesburg 04 01 20250902 Geesje van den Berg, Erna Oliver; Tony J. Mays, Samuel Amponsah, Micheal M van Wyk, Michael A Adarkwah, Nicky Tjano, Faiza Gani, Brenda van Wyk, Marlene Holmner, Patience K. Mudau, Elize C. du Plessis 02 WORLD 06 15 9780639889900 06 15 9780639889917 06 15 9780639889931 WORLD 11 Unknown 36 Unspecified hosting platform: webpage for this product https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/446 29 Unspecified hosting platform: download the title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/view/446/1269/5444 20 08 20250902 01 urn:uuid:ba590bfe-f5ff-49e9-9b75-285ed78a9aea 03 01 01 thoth-work-id urn:uuid:be79cd62-f7d2-4f17-9435-3df9c348d444 01 thoth-publication-id urn:uuid:ba590bfe-f5ff-49e9-9b75-285ed78a9aea 15 9780906785102 06 10.36615/9780906785102 00 EB E107 10 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02