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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Ammiel Alcalay’s groundbreaking work, After Jews and Arabs, published in 1993, redrew the geographic, political, cultural, and emotional map of relations between Jews and Arabs in the Levantine/Mediterranean world over a thousand-year period. Based on over a decade of research and fieldwork in many disciplines—including history and historiography; anthropology, ethnography, and ethnomusicology; political economy and geography; linguistics; philosophy; and the history of science and technology—the book presented a radically different perspective than that presented by received opinion.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Given the radical and iconoclastic nature of Alcalay’s perspective, After Jews and Arabs met great resistance in attempts to publish it. Though completed and already circulating in 1989, it didn’t appear until 1993. In addition, when the book was published, there wasn’t enough space to include its original bibliography, a foundational part of the project.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;A Bibliography for After Jews and Arabs presents the original bibliography, as completed in 1992, without changes, as a glimpse into the historical record of a unique scholarly, political, poetic, and cultural journey. The bibliography itself had roots in research begun in the late 1970s and demonstrates a very wide arc.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In addition to the bibliography, we include two accompanying texts here. In “Behind the Scenes: Before After Jews and Arabs,” Alcalay takes us behind the closed doors of the academic process, reprinting the original readers reports and his detailed rebuttals, and in “On a Bibliography for After Jews and Arabs,” Alcalay contextualizes his own path to the work he undertook, in methodological, historical, and political terms.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Ammiel Alcalay’s groundbreaking work, After Jews and Arabs, published in 1993, redrew the geographic, political, cultural, and emotional map of relations between Jews and Arabs in the Levantine/Mediterranean world over a thousand-year period. Based on over a decade of research and fieldwork in many disciplines—including history and historiography; anthropology, ethnography, and ethnomusicology; political economy and geography; linguistics; philosophy; and the history of science and technology—the book presented a radically different perspective than that presented by received opinion.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Given the radical and iconoclastic nature of Alcalay’s perspective, After Jews and Arabs met great resistance in attempts to publish it. Though completed and already circulating in 1989, it didn’t appear until 1993. In addition, when the book was published, there wasn’t enough space to include its original bibliography, a foundational part of the project.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;A Bibliography for After Jews and Arabs presents the original bibliography, as completed in 1992, without changes, as a glimpse into the historical record of a unique scholarly, political, poetic, and cultural journey. The bibliography itself had roots in research begun in the late 1970s and demonstrates a very wide arc.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In addition to the bibliography, we include two accompanying texts here. In “Behind the Scenes: Before After Jews and Arabs,” Alcalay takes us behind the closed doors of the academic process, reprinting the original readers reports and his detailed rebuttals, and in “On a Bibliography for After Jews and Arabs,” Alcalay contextualizes his own path to the work he undertook, in methodological, historical, and political terms.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Ammiel Alcalay’s groundbreaking work, After Jews and Arabs, published in 1993, redrew the geographic, political, cultural, and emotional map of relations between Jews and Arabs in the Levantine/Mediterranean world over a thousand-year period. Based on over a decade of research and fieldwork in many disciplines—including history and historiography; anthropology, ethnography, and ethnomusicology; political economy and geography; linguistics; philosophy; and the history of science and technology—the book presented a radically different perspective than that presented by received opinion.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Given the radical and iconoclastic nature of Alcalay’s perspective, After Jews and Arabs met great resistance in attempts to publish it. Though completed and already circulating in 1989, it didn’t appear until 1993. In addition, when the book was published, there wasn’t enough space to include its original bibliography, a foundational part of the project.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;A Bibliography for After Jews and Arabs presents the original bibliography, as completed in 1992, without changes, as a glimpse into the historical record of a unique scholarly, political, poetic, and cultural journey. The bibliography itself had roots in research begun in the late 1970s and demonstrates a very wide arc.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In addition to the bibliography, we include two accompanying texts here. In “Behind the Scenes: Before After Jews and Arabs,” Alcalay takes us behind the closed doors of the academic process, reprinting the original readers reports and his detailed rebuttals, and in “On a Bibliography for After Jews and Arabs,” Alcalay contextualizes his own path to the work he undertook, in methodological, historical, and political terms.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Ammiel Alcalay’s groundbreaking work, After Jews and Arabs, published in 1993, redrew the geographic, political, cultural, and emotional map of relations between Jews and Arabs in the Levantine/Mediterranean world over a thousand-year period. Based on over a decade of research and fieldwork in many disciplines—including history and historiography; anthropology, ethnography, and ethnomusicology; political economy and geography; linguistics; philosophy; and the history of science and technology—the book presented a radically different perspective than that presented by received opinion.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Given the radical and iconoclastic nature of Alcalay’s perspective, After Jews and Arabs met great resistance in attempts to publish it. Though completed and already circulating in 1989, it didn’t appear until 1993. In addition, when the book was published, there wasn’t enough space to include its original bibliography, a foundational part of the project.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;A Bibliography for After Jews and Arabs presents the original bibliography, as completed in 1992, without changes, as a glimpse into the historical record of a unique scholarly, political, poetic, and cultural journey. The bibliography itself had roots in research begun in the late 1970s and demonstrates a very wide arc.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In addition to the bibliography, we include two accompanying texts here. In “Behind the Scenes: Before After Jews and Arabs,” Alcalay takes us behind the closed doors of the academic process, reprinting the original readers reports and his detailed rebuttals, and in “On a Bibliography for After Jews and Arabs,” Alcalay contextualizes his own path to the work he undertook, in methodological, historical, and political terms.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Why write? Why ask a reader to give their time and attention to your words? How can writing be more than narcissism and self-aggrandizement?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;These questions were ones that the writer and naturalist Barry Lopez asked at the Bread Loaf Writers’ Conference in the summer of 2000, and they are questions at the heart of About That Life, a meditation on matters of living, making, and seeking.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;While Lopez is best known for such works of nonfiction as the National Book Award-winning Arctic Dreams, Matthew Cheney brings our attention to the many works of short fiction that Lopez published throughout his life, demonstrating how they fit within Lopez’s sense of ethical aesthetics. That sense is then set alongside the work of San Francisco’s New Narrative writers, insights from David Hinton’s translations of Tu Fu, the story of community arising around a pottery kiln in western Oregon, the beauties and contradictions of Sōetsu Yanagi’s The Unknown Craftsman, and the implications of the right-wing mob attack on the U.S. Capitol – an event that occurred on what would have been Barry Lopez’s 76th birthday.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Through a collage of memoir, history, literary criticism, philosophy, aesthetic theory, and creative writing exercises, About That Life wonders how we might live and dream in a world that seems ever more cruel and destructive.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In the early twentieth century, Uchiyama Gudō, Seno’o Girō, Lin Qiuwu, and others advocated a Buddhism that was radical in two respects. Firstly, they adopted a more or less naturalist stance with respect to Buddhist doctrine and related matters, rejecting karma or other supernatural beliefs. And secondly, they held political and economic views that were radically anti-hegemonic, anti-capitalist, and revolutionary. Taking the idea of such a “radical Buddhism” seriously, A Buddha Land in This World: Philosophy, Utopia, and Radical Buddhism asks whether it is possible to develop a philosophy that is simultaneously naturalist, anti-capitalist, Buddhist, and consistent. Rather than a study of radical Buddhism, then, this book is an attempt to radicalize it.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The foundations of this “radicalized radical Buddhism” are provided by a realist interpretation of Yogācāra, elucidated and elaborated with some help from thinkers in the broader Tiantai/Tendai tradition and American philosophers Donald Davidson and W.V.O. Quine. A key implication of this foundation is that only this world and only this life are real, from which it follows that if Buddhism aims to alleviate suffering, it has to do so in this world and in this life. Twentieth-century radical Buddhists (as well as some engaged Buddhists) came to a similar conclusion, often expressed in their aim to realize “a Buddha land in this world.”&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Building on this foundation, but also on Mahāyāna moral philosophy, this book argues for an ethics and social philosophy based on a definition of evil as that what is or should be expected to cause death or suffering. On that ground, capitalism should be rejected indeed, but utopianism must be treated with caution as well, which raises questions about what it means – from a radicalized radical Buddhist perspective – to aim for a Buddha land in this world.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In the early twentieth century, Uchiyama Gudō, Seno’o Girō, Lin Qiuwu, and others advocated a Buddhism that was radical in two respects. Firstly, they adopted a more or less naturalist stance with respect to Buddhist doctrine and related matters, rejecting karma or other supernatural beliefs. And secondly, they held political and economic views that were radically anti-hegemonic, anti-capitalist, and revolutionary. Taking the idea of such a “radical Buddhism” seriously, A Buddha Land in This World: Philosophy, Utopia, and Radical Buddhism asks whether it is possible to develop a philosophy that is simultaneously naturalist, anti-capitalist, Buddhist, and consistent. Rather than a study of radical Buddhism, then, this book is an attempt to radicalize it.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The foundations of this “radicalized radical Buddhism” are provided by a realist interpretation of Yogācāra, elucidated and elaborated with some help from thinkers in the broader Tiantai/Tendai tradition and American philosophers Donald Davidson and W.V.O. Quine. A key implication of this foundation is that only this world and only this life are real, from which it follows that if Buddhism aims to alleviate suffering, it has to do so in this world and in this life. Twentieth-century radical Buddhists (as well as some engaged Buddhists) came to a similar conclusion, often expressed in their aim to realize “a Buddha land in this world.”&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Building on this foundation, but also on Mahāyāna moral philosophy, this book argues for an ethics and social philosophy based on a definition of evil as that what is or should be expected to cause death or suffering. On that ground, capitalism should be rejected indeed, but utopianism must be treated with caution as well, which raises questions about what it means – from a radicalized radical Buddhist perspective – to aim for a Buddha land in this world.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In the early twentieth century, Uchiyama Gudō, Seno’o Girō, Lin Qiuwu, and others advocated a Buddhism that was radical in two respects. Firstly, they adopted a more or less naturalist stance with respect to Buddhist doctrine and related matters, rejecting karma or other supernatural beliefs. And secondly, they held political and economic views that were radically anti-hegemonic, anti-capitalist, and revolutionary. Taking the idea of such a “radical Buddhism” seriously, A Buddha Land in This World: Philosophy, Utopia, and Radical Buddhism asks whether it is possible to develop a philosophy that is simultaneously naturalist, anti-capitalist, Buddhist, and consistent. Rather than a study of radical Buddhism, then, this book is an attempt to radicalize it.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The foundations of this “radicalized radical Buddhism” are provided by a realist interpretation of Yogācāra, elucidated and elaborated with some help from thinkers in the broader Tiantai/Tendai tradition and American philosophers Donald Davidson and W.V.O. Quine. A key implication of this foundation is that only this world and only this life are real, from which it follows that if Buddhism aims to alleviate suffering, it has to do so in this world and in this life. Twentieth-century radical Buddhists (as well as some engaged Buddhists) came to a similar conclusion, often expressed in their aim to realize “a Buddha land in this world.”&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Building on this foundation, but also on Mahāyāna moral philosophy, this book argues for an ethics and social philosophy based on a definition of evil as that what is or should be expected to cause death or suffering. On that ground, capitalism should be rejected indeed, but utopianism must be treated with caution as well, which raises questions about what it means – from a radicalized radical Buddhist perspective – to aim for a Buddha land in this world.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In the early twentieth century, Uchiyama Gudō, Seno’o Girō, Lin Qiuwu, and others advocated a Buddhism that was radical in two respects. Firstly, they adopted a more or less naturalist stance with respect to Buddhist doctrine and related matters, rejecting karma or other supernatural beliefs. And secondly, they held political and economic views that were radically anti-hegemonic, anti-capitalist, and revolutionary. Taking the idea of such a “radical Buddhism” seriously, A Buddha Land in This World: Philosophy, Utopia, and Radical Buddhism asks whether it is possible to develop a philosophy that is simultaneously naturalist, anti-capitalist, Buddhist, and consistent. Rather than a study of radical Buddhism, then, this book is an attempt to radicalize it.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The foundations of this “radicalized radical Buddhism” are provided by a realist interpretation of Yogācāra, elucidated and elaborated with some help from thinkers in the broader Tiantai/Tendai tradition and American philosophers Donald Davidson and W.V.O. Quine. A key implication of this foundation is that only this world and only this life are real, from which it follows that if Buddhism aims to alleviate suffering, it has to do so in this world and in this life. Twentieth-century radical Buddhists (as well as some engaged Buddhists) came to a similar conclusion, often expressed in their aim to realize “a Buddha land in this world.”&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Building on this foundation, but also on Mahāyāna moral philosophy, this book argues for an ethics and social philosophy based on a definition of evil as that what is or should be expected to cause death or suffering. On that ground, capitalism should be rejected indeed, but utopianism must be treated with caution as well, which raises questions about what it means – from a radicalized radical Buddhist perspective – to aim for a Buddha land in this world.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;A Credible Utopia: Essays on Selected Films of Werner Schroeter offers unique and personal insights into Schroeter’s cinematic universe. Many of the films discussed in this book are those upon which Schroeter’s worldwide reputation rests: Der Bomberpilot, an absurdist comedy; The Death of Maria Malibran, a film about ecstatic redemption in death; Willow Springs, about the complex relationships between men and women; Day of the Idiots, a visually baroque, operatic and highly dramatic film about madness; The Kingdom of Naples, Schroeter’s visually stunning depiction of Italy in the post-war years; and Palermo or Wolfsburg, for which Schroeter won the Golden Bear, an epic film about love, violence, and cultural malaise. But Valente also addresses Schroeter's early experimental films that don't get as much attention, such as Aggression, Neurasia, and Argila, all of which are about the struggle between repression and desire, and Deux, a late work that Schroeter considered his masterpiece, a film about the double and the ways in which identity is formed by integrating the abject part of ourselves with the good. Valente concludes with an analysis of Nuit de Chien, Schroeter's final film, a powerful summation of a live devoted to art, music, literature, and film.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;When the Museum of Modern Art staged a retrospective of Schroeter's ouevre in 2012, there was hardly anything in English on his films and only one film available on DVD in the US, such that Schroeter's work as a director has remained largely invisible in the English-speaking world. A Credible Utopia repairs this lacuna in film history, and, in a detailed and intimate reading of Schroeter's queer ouevre, links all these films together through Schroeter's desire for a “credible utopia,” despite our shared awareness of disaster, torture, viciousness, and political corruption in the world.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;A Credible Utopia: Essays on Selected Films of Werner Schroeter offers unique and personal insights into Schroeter’s cinematic universe. Many of the films discussed in this book are those upon which Schroeter’s worldwide reputation rests: Der Bomberpilot, an absurdist comedy; The Death of Maria Malibran, a film about ecstatic redemption in death; Willow Springs, about the complex relationships between men and women; Day of the Idiots, a visually baroque, operatic and highly dramatic film about madness; The Kingdom of Naples, Schroeter’s visually stunning depiction of Italy in the post-war years; and Palermo or Wolfsburg, for which Schroeter won the Golden Bear, an epic film about love, violence, and cultural malaise. But Valente also addresses Schroeter's early experimental films that don't get as much attention, such as Aggression, Neurasia, and Argila, all of which are about the struggle between repression and desire, and Deux, a late work that Schroeter considered his masterpiece, a film about the double and the ways in which identity is formed by integrating the abject part of ourselves with the good. Valente concludes with an analysis of Nuit de Chien, Schroeter's final film, a powerful summation of a live devoted to art, music, literature, and film.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;When the Museum of Modern Art staged a retrospective of Schroeter's ouevre in 2012, there was hardly anything in English on his films and only one film available on DVD in the US, such that Schroeter's work as a director has remained largely invisible in the English-speaking world. A Credible Utopia repairs this lacuna in film history, and, in a detailed and intimate reading of Schroeter's queer ouevre, links all these films together through Schroeter's desire for a “credible utopia,” despite our shared awareness of disaster, torture, viciousness, and political corruption in the world.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <SubjectHeadingText>speculative realism; object studies; feminism; new realisms; new materialisms</SubjectHeadingText>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Recent forms of realism in continental philosophy that are habitually subsumed under the category of “speculative realism,” a denomination referring to rather heterogeneous strands of philosophy, bringing together object-oriented ontology (OOO), non-standard philosophy (or non-philosophy), the speculative realist ideas of Quentin Meillassoux and Marxism, have provided grounds for the much needed critique of culturalism in gender theory, and the authority with which post-structuralism has dominated feminist theory for decades. This publication aims to bring forth some of the feminist debates prompted by the so-called “speculative turn,” while demonstrating that there has never been a niche of “speculative realist feminism.”&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Whereas most of the contributions featured in this collection provide a theoretical approach invoking the necessity of foregrounding new forms of realism for a “feminism beyond gender as culture,” some of the essays tackle OOO only to invite a feminist critical challenge to its paradigm, while others refer to some extent to non-philosophy or the new materialisms but are not reducible to either of the two. We have invited essays from intellectual milieus outside the Anglo-Saxon academic center, bringing together authors from Serbia, Slovenia, France, Ireland, the UK, and Canada, aiming to promote feminist internationalism (rather than a “generous act of cultural inclusion”).&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Recent forms of realism in continental philosophy that are habitually subsumed under the category of “speculative realism,” a denomination referring to rather heterogeneous strands of philosophy, bringing together object-oriented ontology (OOO), non-standard philosophy (or non-philosophy), the speculative realist ideas of Quentin Meillassoux and Marxism, have provided grounds for the much needed critique of culturalism in gender theory, and the authority with which post-structuralism has dominated feminist theory for decades. This publication aims to bring forth some of the feminist debates prompted by the so-called “speculative turn,” while demonstrating that there has never been a niche of “speculative realist feminism.”&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Whereas most of the contributions featured in this collection provide a theoretical approach invoking the necessity of foregrounding new forms of realism for a “feminism beyond gender as culture,” some of the essays tackle OOO only to invite a feminist critical challenge to its paradigm, while others refer to some extent to non-philosophy or the new materialisms but are not reducible to either of the two. We have invited essays from intellectual milieus outside the Anglo-Saxon academic center, bringing together authors from Serbia, Slovenia, France, Ireland, the UK, and Canada, aiming to promote feminist internationalism (rather than a “generous act of cultural inclusion”).&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <PersonName>Katerina Kolozova</PersonName>
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          <PersonName>Eileen A. Joy</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Preface</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">After the "Speculative Turn"</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Katerina Kolozova</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Recent  forms  of  realism  in  continental  philosophy,  habitually  subsumed under the (not always coherent) category of “specula-tive realism,” have provided grounds for the much needed cri-tique  of  social-constructivist  approaches  in  gender  theory  and  of the authority with which various forms of post-structuralist critique  have  dominated  feminist  theory  for  decades.1  But  the  interest in realism and in the possibility of a universalism that would  still  remain  post-metaphysical  displayed  in  most  of  the  feminist (speculative) realist or (new) materialist writings I have read so far has been purely epistemological. There is no political motivation  in  those  writings  and  they  have  most  certainly  not  been directed against cultural theory per se vis-à-vis its domina-tion over questions of gender, sexual difference and other forms of  social  philosophy  discourse.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Recent  forms  of  realism  in  continental  philosophy,  habitually  subsumed under the (not always coherent) category of “specula-tive realism,” have provided grounds for the much needed cri-tique  of  social-constructivist  approaches  in  gender  theory  and  of the authority with which various forms of post-structuralist critique  have  dominated  feminist  theory  for  decades.1  But  the  interest in realism and in the possibility of a universalism that would  still  remain  post-metaphysical  displayed  in  most  of  the  feminist (speculative) realist or (new) materialist writings I have read so far has been purely epistemological. There is no political motivation  in  those  writings  and  they  have  most  certainly  not  been directed against cultural theory per se vis-à-vis its domina-tion over questions of gender, sexual difference and other forms of  social  philosophy  discourse.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Philosophy, Sexism, Emotion, Rationalism</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Nina Power</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Something  important  is  happening  within  and  to  Philosophy.1It  is  something  that  has  happened  a  thousand  times  over,  yet  every time it repeats it happens as if for the first time. The dif-ficulty is making this event stick. What is this event? The event of the disruption of Philosophy by its own outside, the outside that it pretends it does not have. Philosophy, by virtue of being the most universal subject, the most generic art, cannot imagine that  there  is  something  which  it  cannot  capture  or  has  not  al-ways already captured, one way or another. But things fall apart. They  fall  apart  a  lot,  and  very  quickly.  I  want  to  focus  here  on  Philosophy  as  a  discipline  in  its  academic  form,  particularly  in  the  UK  and  US,  before  turning  to  some  of  the  claims  made  in  the  recent  Xenofeminist  manifesto2  and  the  Gender  Nihil-ism anti-manifesto3 regarding the feminizing of reason and the abolition  of  gender.  I  will  ultimately  agree  with  the  Xenofemi-nist  manifesto  when  it  states  that  “[r]ationalism  must  itself  be  a  feminism”  and  with  the  Gender  Nihilist  text  when  it  argues  that the subversion of gender is a dead-end. I want only to add that what usually gets sidelined and undermined as “emotion,” and is frequently gendered as feminine or female, is also itself a rationalism, and that emotion and reason are in fact not mortal enemies,  but  rather  inseparable  branches  of  the  collective  ex-perience of social and political life that Philosophy purports to address.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Something  important  is  happening  within  and  to  Philosophy.1It  is  something  that  has  happened  a  thousand  times  over,  yet  every time it repeats it happens as if for the first time. The dif-ficulty is making this event stick. What is this event? The event of the disruption of Philosophy by its own outside, the outside that it pretends it does not have. Philosophy, by virtue of being the most universal subject, the most generic art, cannot imagine that  there  is  something  which  it  cannot  capture  or  has  not  al-ways already captured, one way or another. But things fall apart. They  fall  apart  a  lot,  and  very  quickly.  I  want  to  focus  here  on  Philosophy  as  a  discipline  in  its  academic  form,  particularly  in  the  UK  and  US,  before  turning  to  some  of  the  claims  made  in  the  recent  Xenofeminist  manifesto2  and  the  Gender  Nihil-ism anti-manifesto3 regarding the feminizing of reason and the abolition  of  gender.  I  will  ultimately  agree  with  the  Xenofemi-nist  manifesto  when  it  states  that  “[r]ationalism  must  itself  be  a  feminism”  and  with  the  Gender  Nihilist  text  when  it  argues  that the subversion of gender is a dead-end. I want only to add that what usually gets sidelined and undermined as “emotion,” and is frequently gendered as feminine or female, is also itself a rationalism, and that emotion and reason are in fact not mortal enemies,  but  rather  inseparable  branches  of  the  collective  ex-perience of social and political life that Philosophy purports to address.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">The Other Woman</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Katherine Behar</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Katherine</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Behar</KeyNames>
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            <Affiliation>Baruch College</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Recent new realist theories intend to respect objects by leaving them to their own “weird” ways.1 However, in seeking to rethink how  objects  access  each  other,  and  how  humans  have  access  to  the  world,  these  philosophies  consistently  center  on  ques-tions  of  having  access  to  things  or,  put  simply,  having  them.2Ultimately,  there  is  something  perversely  exotic  about  objects  framed, through the language of object-orientation, as a form of alterity that is meant to be had even if from afar. This dynamic carries  sexual  undertones  and  is  entangled  in  objectification  and  reification.  Any  fetishist  will  attest  that  weirdness  can  be  sexy,  and  this  holds  true,  it  would  appear,  even  in  philosophy.  Whether or not one chooses to read terms like allure and with-drawal  as  flirtatious  or  frigid,  attributing  distant  availability  to  objects produces what I call an exoticism of objects. As we will see,  this  exoticism  troubles  economies  of  access  and  having,  which I contend are foundational for new realist philosophies.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Recent new realist theories intend to respect objects by leaving them to their own “weird” ways.1 However, in seeking to rethink how  objects  access  each  other,  and  how  humans  have  access  to  the  world,  these  philosophies  consistently  center  on  ques-tions  of  having  access  to  things  or,  put  simply,  having  them.2Ultimately,  there  is  something  perversely  exotic  about  objects  framed, through the language of object-orientation, as a form of alterity that is meant to be had even if from afar. This dynamic carries  sexual  undertones  and  is  entangled  in  objectification  and  reification.  Any  fetishist  will  attest  that  weirdness  can  be  sexy,  and  this  holds  true,  it  would  appear,  even  in  philosophy.  Whether or not one chooses to read terms like allure and with-drawal  as  flirtatious  or  frigid,  attributing  distant  availability  to  objects produces what I call an exoticism of objects. As we will see,  this  exoticism  troubles  economies  of  access  and  having,  which I contend are foundational for new realist philosophies.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <PersonName>Behar, Katherine </PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Libérer épistémologiquement le féminisme</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Anne-Françoise Schmid</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Anne-Françoise</NamesBeforeKey>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Peut-on  mettre  en  rapport  la  recherche  des  critères  de  scien-tificité et les études sur le genre ? Y a-t-il des raisons de rapport-er la façon d’identifier la science à un sexe plutôt qu’à un autre ? Les  deux  questions  peuvent  sembler  éloignées,  mais  elles  sont  mises en tension par un fait général : les critères de la science ont été recherchés de façon systématique au siècle où la situation de la femme s’est, dans nos pays occidentaux, nettement améliorée du point de vue de l’accès à la connaissance et à l’exercice d’une profession  scientifique.  Dans  le  moment  où  l’on  cherchait  des  règles pour reconnaître la science de ce qui n’est pas science, les femmes ont pris une place effective, non exceptionnelle, dans les études scientifiques et philosophiques. Y a-t-il un rapport entre ces  deux  mouvements  ?  L’échec  de  la  recherche  de  ces  critères  universels,  qui  sont  maintenant  reconnus  comme  ayant  une  valeur  locale,  les  modifications  au  concept  d’objectivité  qu’il  a  provoquées, peuvent-ils avoir des conséquences sur l’ouverture aux femmes de l’accès aux sciences ?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Peut-on  mettre  en  rapport  la  recherche  des  critères  de  scien-tificité et les études sur le genre ? Y a-t-il des raisons de rapport-er la façon d’identifier la science à un sexe plutôt qu’à un autre ? Les  deux  questions  peuvent  sembler  éloignées,  mais  elles  sont  mises en tension par un fait général : les critères de la science ont été recherchés de façon systématique au siècle où la situation de la femme s’est, dans nos pays occidentaux, nettement améliorée du point de vue de l’accès à la connaissance et à l’exercice d’une profession  scientifique.  Dans  le  moment  où  l’on  cherchait  des  règles pour reconnaître la science de ce qui n’est pas science, les femmes ont pris une place effective, non exceptionnelle, dans les études scientifiques et philosophiques. Y a-t-il un rapport entre ces  deux  mouvements  ?  L’échec  de  la  recherche  de  ces  critères  universels,  qui  sont  maintenant  reconnus  comme  ayant  une  valeur  locale,  les  modifications  au  concept  d’objectivité  qu’il  a  provoquées, peuvent-ils avoir des conséquences sur l’ouverture aux femmes de l’accès aux sciences ?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Notes for And They Were Dancing</TitleText>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The  composition  presented  below,  And  They  Were  Dancing,  is  one  of  five  such  compositions  that  were  created  over  the  past  nine  years.  During  this  time  I  have  been  engaged  in  rethink-ing the question of the subject in terms of the ontological turn suggested by Deleuzian philosophy, speculative realism, and ob-ject-oriented  ontologies,  as  well  as  feminist  theories  including  object-oriented feminism.1 Gaining attention in the academy in the early years of the twenty-first century, the ontological turn has encouraged a rethinking of human-centered thought in or-der  to  take  up  the  non-human,  or  the  agencies  and  animacies  of  objects,  things,  and  environments.  It  might  be  thought  that  the turn to the non-human turns away from the human subject, the  human  body,  human  consciousness,  and  cognition,  which  cannot but raise the question: who are the subjects of this turn of thought or who became engaged with it one way or another? To  raise  this  question  does  not  have  to  mean  simply  reducing thought to the personal — biography or autobiography. Rather, it may lead us to reflect on the personal catch of arising world sensibilities, the feeling of thought stirring in a psychic arrange-ment, urging us to follow a subjective intuition.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The  composition  presented  below,  And  They  Were  Dancing,  is  one  of  five  such  compositions  that  were  created  over  the  past  nine  years.  During  this  time  I  have  been  engaged  in  rethink-ing the question of the subject in terms of the ontological turn suggested by Deleuzian philosophy, speculative realism, and ob-ject-oriented  ontologies,  as  well  as  feminist  theories  including  object-oriented feminism.1 Gaining attention in the academy in the early years of the twenty-first century, the ontological turn has encouraged a rethinking of human-centered thought in or-der  to  take  up  the  non-human,  or  the  agencies  and  animacies  of  objects,  things,  and  environments.  It  might  be  thought  that  the turn to the non-human turns away from the human subject, the  human  body,  human  consciousness,  and  cognition,  which  cannot but raise the question: who are the subjects of this turn of thought or who became engaged with it one way or another? To  raise  this  question  does  not  have  to  mean  simply  reducing thought to the personal — biography or autobiography. Rather, it may lead us to reflect on the personal catch of arising world sensibilities, the feeling of thought stirring in a psychic arrange-ment, urging us to follow a subjective intuition.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">No</TitleText>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;An old accusation, resurrected by Foucault, held that Freud was a “pansexualist,” that he talked too much about sex and seemed to  find  it  everywhere.  I  return  to  this  charge  not  to  deny  but,  once  again,  to  confirm  it.1  Yes,  it  is  true  that  Freud  discovered  what we could call the promiscuity of sex, as long as we are clear that this promiscuity defined for him the nature of sex itself and not a moral judgment regarding an abuse of it. But if the charge of  pansexualism,  which  aims  to  segregate  sex,  to  confine  it  to  its  proper  place,  misses  its  target,  it  is  because  sex  is  not  con-ceived within psychoanalysis as having a proper place, one it can claim as its own. Sexuality names not a discrete domain of life but the disjoint relation of speaking beings to their bodily exist-ence. Isolatable neither from meaning nor biology, sex does not belong to either realm and is manifest only in the disruptions, divisions,  displacements,  and  distortions  that  affect  both.  This  basic point has a history of getting lost, going back to the time when  psychoanalysis  was  first  invented.  Freud  was  constantly  forced to parry not only the squeamish objections and outright rejections of his theory of sexuality, but also the more insidious problem  of  its  facile,  and  equally  squeamish,  acceptance.  Too  often enthusiasm for his ideas relied on an effacement of their complexity and rendered them anodyne.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;An old accusation, resurrected by Foucault, held that Freud was a “pansexualist,” that he talked too much about sex and seemed to  find  it  everywhere.  I  return  to  this  charge  not  to  deny  but,  once  again,  to  confirm  it.1  Yes,  it  is  true  that  Freud  discovered  what we could call the promiscuity of sex, as long as we are clear that this promiscuity defined for him the nature of sex itself and not a moral judgment regarding an abuse of it. But if the charge of  pansexualism,  which  aims  to  segregate  sex,  to  confine  it  to  its  proper  place,  misses  its  target,  it  is  because  sex  is  not  con-ceived within psychoanalysis as having a proper place, one it can claim as its own. Sexuality names not a discrete domain of life but the disjoint relation of speaking beings to their bodily exist-ence. Isolatable neither from meaning nor biology, sex does not belong to either realm and is manifest only in the disruptions, divisions,  displacements,  and  distortions  that  affect  both.  This  basic point has a history of getting lost, going back to the time when  psychoanalysis  was  first  invented.  Freud  was  constantly  forced to parry not only the squeamish objections and outright rejections of his theory of sexuality, but also the more insidious problem  of  its  facile,  and  equally  squeamish,  acceptance.  Too  often enthusiasm for his ideas relied on an effacement of their complexity and rendered them anodyne.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Thinking WithOut</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Jelisaveta Blagojević</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>Singidunum University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Although  words  such  as  feminism,  gender,  women  are  not  in-cluded  in  the  title,  and  are  hardly  mentioned  in  the  whole  text — they are at the very heart of it. It is only through feminist theory  that  I  have  realized  what  it  means  to  have  a  non-smug  theory that is not all about self-satisfaction, self-promotion, and self-preservation  as  is  the  case  with  most  Western  theoretical  projects;  it  is  only  through  feminist  politics  that  I  have  discov-ered what it means to have politics that is not translated into the preservation of the status quo and/or reduced to an instrument of power. Generations  of  feminists  are  showing  us  how  being  politi-cal always calls for one’s own undoing; it involves re-imagining and re-inventing our own positions, locations, and belongings. And finally, it is a life of experiencing the invisibility of women’s thinking and doing that teaches us — if we want to make a dif-ference, if we are looking for a change — not to rely on what is visible, thinkable, sayable, audible, or generally, on what is given or taken for granted.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Although  words  such  as  feminism,  gender,  women  are  not  in-cluded  in  the  title,  and  are  hardly  mentioned  in  the  whole  text — they are at the very heart of it. It is only through feminist theory  that  I  have  realized  what  it  means  to  have  a  non-smug  theory that is not all about self-satisfaction, self-promotion, and self-preservation  as  is  the  case  with  most  Western  theoretical  projects;  it  is  only  through  feminist  politics  that  I  have  discov-ered what it means to have politics that is not translated into the preservation of the status quo and/or reduced to an instrument of power. Generations  of  feminists  are  showing  us  how  being  politi-cal always calls for one’s own undoing; it involves re-imagining and re-inventing our own positions, locations, and belongings. And finally, it is a life of experiencing the invisibility of women’s thinking and doing that teaches us — if we want to make a dif-ference, if we are looking for a change — not to rely on what is visible, thinkable, sayable, audible, or generally, on what is given or taken for granted.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Who is the Other Woman in the Context of Transfeminist, Transmigrant, and Transgender Struggles in Global Capitalism?</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Marina Gržinić</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;I want to elaborate on the above questions in the light of the dis-cussion on decolonial feminist thought while addressing some of the geopolitical spaces outside of Europe, or, more precisely, spaces  outside  the  European  Union  (EU).  I  want  to  argue  that  this provincial, racist, colonial, and anti-Semitic space of the Eu-ropean Union that consists of a long list of “former” West states as Germany, Austria, Spain, Great Britain, etc. (the list of all the “former West” states, as they like to call themselves, is too long), is  in  urgent  need  of  a  radical  transmigrant,  transfeminist,  and  transgender decolonial approach.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;I want to elaborate on the above questions in the light of the dis-cussion on decolonial feminist thought while addressing some of the geopolitical spaces outside of Europe, or, more precisely, spaces  outside  the  European  Union  (EU).  I  want  to  argue  that  this provincial, racist, colonial, and anti-Semitic space of the Eu-ropean Union that consists of a long list of “former” West states as Germany, Austria, Spain, Great Britain, etc. (the list of all the “former West” states, as they like to call themselves, is too long), is  in  urgent  need  of  a  radical  transmigrant,  transfeminist,  and  transgender decolonial approach.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <PersonName>Gržinić, Marina</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">The Crush</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">The Fiery Allure of the Jolted Puppet</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Frenchy Lunning</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;As an adolescent, I could mark time by the incessant epistemes of crushes I had experienced as I careened through junior high school, and beyond. Only a very small percentage of these emo-tional  junkets  were  actualized  as  relationships,  and  most  were  only a subject of extreme embarrassment at the erotic obsession with an entirely inappropriate, or horrifyingly inexplicable, and thankfully, unsuspecting subject. The whole phenomenon of the crush puzzled me as it was always completely out of my control and never fully explained, except for a “wink-wink” moment in the  special  girls-only  classes  on  menstruation  and  “love”  that  were de rigeur for young schoolgirls of the 1960s. But using the very particular apparatus of object-oriented ontology and its ex-cellent mechanism of “allure,” I feel I can perhaps abolish some of the mysterious shame of my youth, and explain its periodic persistence. It is these ephemeral, inexplicable phenomena that are such excellent subjects for this speculative realistic mecha-nism: those things in the existence of subjects that defy all rea-sonable explanation.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;As an adolescent, I could mark time by the incessant epistemes of crushes I had experienced as I careened through junior high school, and beyond. Only a very small percentage of these emo-tional  junkets  were  actualized  as  relationships,  and  most  were  only a subject of extreme embarrassment at the erotic obsession with an entirely inappropriate, or horrifyingly inexplicable, and thankfully, unsuspecting subject. The whole phenomenon of the crush puzzled me as it was always completely out of my control and never fully explained, except for a “wink-wink” moment in the  special  girls-only  classes  on  menstruation  and  “love”  that  were de rigeur for young schoolgirls of the 1960s. But using the very particular apparatus of object-oriented ontology and its ex-cellent mechanism of “allure,” I feel I can perhaps abolish some of the mysterious shame of my youth, and explain its periodic persistence. It is these ephemeral, inexplicable phenomena that are such excellent subjects for this speculative realistic mecha-nism: those things in the existence of subjects that defy all rea-sonable explanation.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <PersonName>Lunning, Frenchy</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">(W)omen out/of Time</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Metis, Medea, Mahakali</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Nandita Biswas Mellamphy</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>Western University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;“What  if  Truth  were  an  Omen?”  I  ask  (with  a  nod  to  Ni-etzsche4 — through a glass, darkly). What if Truth were a Nam-shub, a Magic Word/Work, the nomen of an omen? Such a truth advances here — in this essay — masked as women. Metis, Me-dea,  and  Mahakali  —  first,  a  Pelasgian  Titan,  the  first  wife  of  Zeus and unacknowledged mother of Athena, who was doomed to be swallowed up whole and usurped by the head of Olympus; second, a foreign priestess of the chthonic Hecate, who (as first told in Apollonius of Rhodes’ Argonautika and later immortal-ized  by  Euripides  and  Seneca)  helps  the  Greek  Jason  retrieve  the mythic golden fleece, and who eventually murders her entire family and escapes back to Colchis; and finally, a fringe Hindu goddess first worshipped by criminals and outcastes, a dark de-ity  clothed  in  severed  heads,  who  drinks  the  blood  of  her  vic-tims and resides in the cremation-ground — one who comes to be adopted as an incarnation of great time (mahākāla) or death itself in Hindu religion.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;I begin with two epigraphs, both of which were guest columns written  for,  commissioned  especially  by,  PMLA.  Although  they  are  separated  by  fifteen  years,  they  both  make  some  strikingly  similar  points  which  are  relevant  for  someone  attempting  to  chart  the  potential  connections  or  intimacies  between  queer  theory  and  speculative  realism  (and  in  this  position  piece  I’m  placing  quite  a  strong  emphasis  on  object-oriented  ontology  which  is  just  one  offshoot  of  speculative  realist  thinking).  The  first thing we might emphasize is the need to pin things down, to say what exactly queer theory is and does and to be entirely clear  about  what  speculative  realism  is  and  what  precisely  it  is  that speculative realists do. Yet, perhaps the power and virtue of both queer theory and speculative realism, what makes them so compatible, is that neither is a delimitable field. Part of the attraction of both is their very undefinability, their provisionality, and, most importantly, their openness.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Recent forms of realism in continental philosophy that are habitually subsumed under the category of “speculative realism,” a denomination referring to rather heterogeneous strands of philosophy, bringing together object-oriented ontology (OOO), non-standard philosophy (or non-philosophy), the speculative realist ideas of Quentin Meillassoux and Marxism, have provided grounds for the much needed critique of culturalism in gender theory, and the authority with which post-structuralism has dominated feminist theory for decades. This publication aims to bring forth some of the feminist debates prompted by the so-called “speculative turn,” while demonstrating that there has never been a niche of “speculative realist feminism.”&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Whereas most of the contributions featured in this collection provide a theoretical approach invoking the necessity of foregrounding new forms of realism for a “feminism beyond gender as culture,” some of the essays tackle OOO only to invite a feminist critical challenge to its paradigm, while others refer to some extent to non-philosophy or the new materialisms but are not reducible to either of the two. We have invited essays from intellectual milieus outside the Anglo-Saxon academic center, bringing together authors from Serbia, Slovenia, France, Ireland, the UK, and Canada, aiming to promote feminist internationalism (rather than a “generous act of cultural inclusion”).&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Recent forms of realism in continental philosophy that are habitually subsumed under the category of “speculative realism,” a denomination referring to rather heterogeneous strands of philosophy, bringing together object-oriented ontology (OOO), non-standard philosophy (or non-philosophy), the speculative realist ideas of Quentin Meillassoux and Marxism, have provided grounds for the much needed critique of culturalism in gender theory, and the authority with which post-structuralism has dominated feminist theory for decades. This publication aims to bring forth some of the feminist debates prompted by the so-called “speculative turn,” while demonstrating that there has never been a niche of “speculative realist feminism.”&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Whereas most of the contributions featured in this collection provide a theoretical approach invoking the necessity of foregrounding new forms of realism for a “feminism beyond gender as culture,” some of the essays tackle OOO only to invite a feminist critical challenge to its paradigm, while others refer to some extent to non-philosophy or the new materialisms but are not reducible to either of the two. We have invited essays from intellectual milieus outside the Anglo-Saxon academic center, bringing together authors from Serbia, Slovenia, France, Ireland, the UK, and Canada, aiming to promote feminist internationalism (rather than a “generous act of cultural inclusion”).&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Recent  forms  of  realism  in  continental  philosophy,  habitually  subsumed under the (not always coherent) category of “specula-tive realism,” have provided grounds for the much needed cri-tique  of  social-constructivist  approaches  in  gender  theory  and  of the authority with which various forms of post-structuralist critique  have  dominated  feminist  theory  for  decades.1  But  the  interest in realism and in the possibility of a universalism that would  still  remain  post-metaphysical  displayed  in  most  of  the  feminist (speculative) realist or (new) materialist writings I have read so far has been purely epistemological. There is no political motivation  in  those  writings  and  they  have  most  certainly  not  been directed against cultural theory per se vis-à-vis its domina-tion over questions of gender, sexual difference and other forms of  social  philosophy  discourse.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Recent  forms  of  realism  in  continental  philosophy,  habitually  subsumed under the (not always coherent) category of “specula-tive realism,” have provided grounds for the much needed cri-tique  of  social-constructivist  approaches  in  gender  theory  and  of the authority with which various forms of post-structuralist critique  have  dominated  feminist  theory  for  decades.1  But  the  interest in realism and in the possibility of a universalism that would  still  remain  post-metaphysical  displayed  in  most  of  the  feminist (speculative) realist or (new) materialist writings I have read so far has been purely epistemological. There is no political motivation  in  those  writings  and  they  have  most  certainly  not  been directed against cultural theory per se vis-à-vis its domina-tion over questions of gender, sexual difference and other forms of  social  philosophy  discourse.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <PersonName>Kolozova, Katerina</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Philosophy, Sexism, Emotion, Rationalism</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Nina Power</PersonName>
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          <KeyNames>Power</KeyNames>
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            <Affiliation>Royal College of Art</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Something  important  is  happening  within  and  to  Philosophy.1It  is  something  that  has  happened  a  thousand  times  over,  yet  every time it repeats it happens as if for the first time. The dif-ficulty is making this event stick. What is this event? The event of the disruption of Philosophy by its own outside, the outside that it pretends it does not have. Philosophy, by virtue of being the most universal subject, the most generic art, cannot imagine that  there  is  something  which  it  cannot  capture  or  has  not  al-ways already captured, one way or another. But things fall apart. They  fall  apart  a  lot,  and  very  quickly.  I  want  to  focus  here  on  Philosophy  as  a  discipline  in  its  academic  form,  particularly  in  the  UK  and  US,  before  turning  to  some  of  the  claims  made  in  the  recent  Xenofeminist  manifesto2  and  the  Gender  Nihil-ism anti-manifesto3 regarding the feminizing of reason and the abolition  of  gender.  I  will  ultimately  agree  with  the  Xenofemi-nist  manifesto  when  it  states  that  “[r]ationalism  must  itself  be  a  feminism”  and  with  the  Gender  Nihilist  text  when  it  argues  that the subversion of gender is a dead-end. I want only to add that what usually gets sidelined and undermined as “emotion,” and is frequently gendered as feminine or female, is also itself a rationalism, and that emotion and reason are in fact not mortal enemies,  but  rather  inseparable  branches  of  the  collective  ex-perience of social and political life that Philosophy purports to address.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Something  important  is  happening  within  and  to  Philosophy.1It  is  something  that  has  happened  a  thousand  times  over,  yet  every time it repeats it happens as if for the first time. The dif-ficulty is making this event stick. What is this event? The event of the disruption of Philosophy by its own outside, the outside that it pretends it does not have. Philosophy, by virtue of being the most universal subject, the most generic art, cannot imagine that  there  is  something  which  it  cannot  capture  or  has  not  al-ways already captured, one way or another. But things fall apart. They  fall  apart  a  lot,  and  very  quickly.  I  want  to  focus  here  on  Philosophy  as  a  discipline  in  its  academic  form,  particularly  in  the  UK  and  US,  before  turning  to  some  of  the  claims  made  in  the  recent  Xenofeminist  manifesto2  and  the  Gender  Nihil-ism anti-manifesto3 regarding the feminizing of reason and the abolition  of  gender.  I  will  ultimately  agree  with  the  Xenofemi-nist  manifesto  when  it  states  that  “[r]ationalism  must  itself  be  a  feminism”  and  with  the  Gender  Nihilist  text  when  it  argues  that the subversion of gender is a dead-end. I want only to add that what usually gets sidelined and undermined as “emotion,” and is frequently gendered as feminine or female, is also itself a rationalism, and that emotion and reason are in fact not mortal enemies,  but  rather  inseparable  branches  of  the  collective  ex-perience of social and political life that Philosophy purports to address.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Power, Nina</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">The Other Woman</TitleText>
          </TitleElement>
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          <PersonName>Katherine Behar</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Katherine</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Behar</KeyNames>
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              <IDValue>023qavy03</IDValue>
            </AffiliationIdentifier>
            <Affiliation>Baruch College</Affiliation>
          </ProfessionalAffiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Recent new realist theories intend to respect objects by leaving them to their own “weird” ways.1 However, in seeking to rethink how  objects  access  each  other,  and  how  humans  have  access  to  the  world,  these  philosophies  consistently  center  on  ques-tions  of  having  access  to  things  or,  put  simply,  having  them.2Ultimately,  there  is  something  perversely  exotic  about  objects  framed, through the language of object-orientation, as a form of alterity that is meant to be had even if from afar. This dynamic carries  sexual  undertones  and  is  entangled  in  objectification  and  reification.  Any  fetishist  will  attest  that  weirdness  can  be  sexy,  and  this  holds  true,  it  would  appear,  even  in  philosophy.  Whether or not one chooses to read terms like allure and with-drawal  as  flirtatious  or  frigid,  attributing  distant  availability  to  objects produces what I call an exoticism of objects. As we will see,  this  exoticism  troubles  economies  of  access  and  having,  which I contend are foundational for new realist philosophies.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Recent new realist theories intend to respect objects by leaving them to their own “weird” ways.1 However, in seeking to rethink how  objects  access  each  other,  and  how  humans  have  access  to  the  world,  these  philosophies  consistently  center  on  ques-tions  of  having  access  to  things  or,  put  simply,  having  them.2Ultimately,  there  is  something  perversely  exotic  about  objects  framed, through the language of object-orientation, as a form of alterity that is meant to be had even if from afar. This dynamic carries  sexual  undertones  and  is  entangled  in  objectification  and  reification.  Any  fetishist  will  attest  that  weirdness  can  be  sexy,  and  this  holds  true,  it  would  appear,  even  in  philosophy.  Whether or not one chooses to read terms like allure and with-drawal  as  flirtatious  or  frigid,  attributing  distant  availability  to  objects produces what I call an exoticism of objects. As we will see,  this  exoticism  troubles  economies  of  access  and  having,  which I contend are foundational for new realist philosophies.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Behar, Katherine </PersonName>
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          <FirstPageNumber>39</FirstPageNumber>
          <LastPageNumber>57</LastPageNumber>
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        <NumberOfPages>19</NumberOfPages>
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        <TitleDetail>
          <TitleType>01</TitleType>
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            <TitleElementLevel>01</TitleElementLevel>
            <TitleText language="eng">Libérer épistémologiquement le féminisme</TitleText>
          </TitleElement>
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          <PersonName>Anne-Françoise Schmid</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Anne-Françoise</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Schmid</KeyNames>
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            <Affiliation>Mines ParisTech</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Peut-on  mettre  en  rapport  la  recherche  des  critères  de  scien-tificité et les études sur le genre ? Y a-t-il des raisons de rapport-er la façon d’identifier la science à un sexe plutôt qu’à un autre ? Les  deux  questions  peuvent  sembler  éloignées,  mais  elles  sont  mises en tension par un fait général : les critères de la science ont été recherchés de façon systématique au siècle où la situation de la femme s’est, dans nos pays occidentaux, nettement améliorée du point de vue de l’accès à la connaissance et à l’exercice d’une profession  scientifique.  Dans  le  moment  où  l’on  cherchait  des  règles pour reconnaître la science de ce qui n’est pas science, les femmes ont pris une place effective, non exceptionnelle, dans les études scientifiques et philosophiques. Y a-t-il un rapport entre ces  deux  mouvements  ?  L’échec  de  la  recherche  de  ces  critères  universels,  qui  sont  maintenant  reconnus  comme  ayant  une  valeur  locale,  les  modifications  au  concept  d’objectivité  qu’il  a  provoquées, peuvent-ils avoir des conséquences sur l’ouverture aux femmes de l’accès aux sciences ?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Peut-on  mettre  en  rapport  la  recherche  des  critères  de  scien-tificité et les études sur le genre ? Y a-t-il des raisons de rapport-er la façon d’identifier la science à un sexe plutôt qu’à un autre ? Les  deux  questions  peuvent  sembler  éloignées,  mais  elles  sont  mises en tension par un fait général : les critères de la science ont été recherchés de façon systématique au siècle où la situation de la femme s’est, dans nos pays occidentaux, nettement améliorée du point de vue de l’accès à la connaissance et à l’exercice d’une profession  scientifique.  Dans  le  moment  où  l’on  cherchait  des  règles pour reconnaître la science de ce qui n’est pas science, les femmes ont pris une place effective, non exceptionnelle, dans les études scientifiques et philosophiques. Y a-t-il un rapport entre ces  deux  mouvements  ?  L’échec  de  la  recherche  de  ces  critères  universels,  qui  sont  maintenant  reconnus  comme  ayant  une  valeur  locale,  les  modifications  au  concept  d’objectivité  qu’il  a  provoquées, peuvent-ils avoir des conséquences sur l’ouverture aux femmes de l’accès aux sciences ?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <ContentAudience>00</ContentAudience>
          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Schmid, Anne-Françoise</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Notes for And They Were Dancing</TitleText>
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          <ContributorRole>A01</ContributorRole>
          <PersonName>Patricia Ticineto Clough</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>Queens College, CUNY</Affiliation>
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              <IDValue>00awd9g61</IDValue>
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            <Affiliation>The Graduate Center, CUNY</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The  composition  presented  below,  And  They  Were  Dancing,  is  one  of  five  such  compositions  that  were  created  over  the  past  nine  years.  During  this  time  I  have  been  engaged  in  rethink-ing the question of the subject in terms of the ontological turn suggested by Deleuzian philosophy, speculative realism, and ob-ject-oriented  ontologies,  as  well  as  feminist  theories  including  object-oriented feminism.1 Gaining attention in the academy in the early years of the twenty-first century, the ontological turn has encouraged a rethinking of human-centered thought in or-der  to  take  up  the  non-human,  or  the  agencies  and  animacies  of  objects,  things,  and  environments.  It  might  be  thought  that  the turn to the non-human turns away from the human subject, the  human  body,  human  consciousness,  and  cognition,  which  cannot but raise the question: who are the subjects of this turn of thought or who became engaged with it one way or another? To  raise  this  question  does  not  have  to  mean  simply  reducing thought to the personal — biography or autobiography. Rather, it may lead us to reflect on the personal catch of arising world sensibilities, the feeling of thought stirring in a psychic arrange-ment, urging us to follow a subjective intuition.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The  composition  presented  below,  And  They  Were  Dancing,  is  one  of  five  such  compositions  that  were  created  over  the  past  nine  years.  During  this  time  I  have  been  engaged  in  rethink-ing the question of the subject in terms of the ontological turn suggested by Deleuzian philosophy, speculative realism, and ob-ject-oriented  ontologies,  as  well  as  feminist  theories  including  object-oriented feminism.1 Gaining attention in the academy in the early years of the twenty-first century, the ontological turn has encouraged a rethinking of human-centered thought in or-der  to  take  up  the  non-human,  or  the  agencies  and  animacies  of  objects,  things,  and  environments.  It  might  be  thought  that  the turn to the non-human turns away from the human subject, the  human  body,  human  consciousness,  and  cognition,  which  cannot but raise the question: who are the subjects of this turn of thought or who became engaged with it one way or another? To  raise  this  question  does  not  have  to  mean  simply  reducing thought to the personal — biography or autobiography. Rather, it may lead us to reflect on the personal catch of arising world sensibilities, the feeling of thought stirring in a psychic arrange-ment, urging us to follow a subjective intuition.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Clough, Patricia Ticineto</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">No</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Foucault</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Joan Copjec</PersonName>
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              <IDValue>05gq02987</IDValue>
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            <Affiliation>Brown University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;An old accusation, resurrected by Foucault, held that Freud was a “pansexualist,” that he talked too much about sex and seemed to  find  it  everywhere.  I  return  to  this  charge  not  to  deny  but,  once  again,  to  confirm  it.1  Yes,  it  is  true  that  Freud  discovered  what we could call the promiscuity of sex, as long as we are clear that this promiscuity defined for him the nature of sex itself and not a moral judgment regarding an abuse of it. But if the charge of  pansexualism,  which  aims  to  segregate  sex,  to  confine  it  to  its  proper  place,  misses  its  target,  it  is  because  sex  is  not  con-ceived within psychoanalysis as having a proper place, one it can claim as its own. Sexuality names not a discrete domain of life but the disjoint relation of speaking beings to their bodily exist-ence. Isolatable neither from meaning nor biology, sex does not belong to either realm and is manifest only in the disruptions, divisions,  displacements,  and  distortions  that  affect  both.  This  basic point has a history of getting lost, going back to the time when  psychoanalysis  was  first  invented.  Freud  was  constantly  forced to parry not only the squeamish objections and outright rejections of his theory of sexuality, but also the more insidious problem  of  its  facile,  and  equally  squeamish,  acceptance.  Too  often enthusiasm for his ideas relied on an effacement of their complexity and rendered them anodyne.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;An old accusation, resurrected by Foucault, held that Freud was a “pansexualist,” that he talked too much about sex and seemed to  find  it  everywhere.  I  return  to  this  charge  not  to  deny  but,  once  again,  to  confirm  it.1  Yes,  it  is  true  that  Freud  discovered  what we could call the promiscuity of sex, as long as we are clear that this promiscuity defined for him the nature of sex itself and not a moral judgment regarding an abuse of it. But if the charge of  pansexualism,  which  aims  to  segregate  sex,  to  confine  it  to  its  proper  place,  misses  its  target,  it  is  because  sex  is  not  con-ceived within psychoanalysis as having a proper place, one it can claim as its own. Sexuality names not a discrete domain of life but the disjoint relation of speaking beings to their bodily exist-ence. Isolatable neither from meaning nor biology, sex does not belong to either realm and is manifest only in the disruptions, divisions,  displacements,  and  distortions  that  affect  both.  This  basic point has a history of getting lost, going back to the time when  psychoanalysis  was  first  invented.  Freud  was  constantly  forced to parry not only the squeamish objections and outright rejections of his theory of sexuality, but also the more insidious problem  of  its  facile,  and  equally  squeamish,  acceptance.  Too  often enthusiasm for his ideas relied on an effacement of their complexity and rendered them anodyne.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <PersonName>Copject, Joan</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Thinking WithOut</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Jelisaveta Blagojević</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>Singidunum University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Although  words  such  as  feminism,  gender,  women  are  not  in-cluded  in  the  title,  and  are  hardly  mentioned  in  the  whole  text — they are at the very heart of it. It is only through feminist theory  that  I  have  realized  what  it  means  to  have  a  non-smug  theory that is not all about self-satisfaction, self-promotion, and self-preservation  as  is  the  case  with  most  Western  theoretical  projects;  it  is  only  through  feminist  politics  that  I  have  discov-ered what it means to have politics that is not translated into the preservation of the status quo and/or reduced to an instrument of power. Generations  of  feminists  are  showing  us  how  being  politi-cal always calls for one’s own undoing; it involves re-imagining and re-inventing our own positions, locations, and belongings. And finally, it is a life of experiencing the invisibility of women’s thinking and doing that teaches us — if we want to make a dif-ference, if we are looking for a change — not to rely on what is visible, thinkable, sayable, audible, or generally, on what is given or taken for granted.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Although  words  such  as  feminism,  gender,  women  are  not  in-cluded  in  the  title,  and  are  hardly  mentioned  in  the  whole  text — they are at the very heart of it. It is only through feminist theory  that  I  have  realized  what  it  means  to  have  a  non-smug  theory that is not all about self-satisfaction, self-promotion, and self-preservation  as  is  the  case  with  most  Western  theoretical  projects;  it  is  only  through  feminist  politics  that  I  have  discov-ered what it means to have politics that is not translated into the preservation of the status quo and/or reduced to an instrument of power. Generations  of  feminists  are  showing  us  how  being  politi-cal always calls for one’s own undoing; it involves re-imagining and re-inventing our own positions, locations, and belongings. And finally, it is a life of experiencing the invisibility of women’s thinking and doing that teaches us — if we want to make a dif-ference, if we are looking for a change — not to rely on what is visible, thinkable, sayable, audible, or generally, on what is given or taken for granted.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <PersonName>Blagojević, Jelisaveta </PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Who is the Other Woman in the Context of Transfeminist, Transmigrant, and Transgender Struggles in Global Capitalism?</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Marina Gržinić</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;I want to elaborate on the above questions in the light of the dis-cussion on decolonial feminist thought while addressing some of the geopolitical spaces outside of Europe, or, more precisely, spaces  outside  the  European  Union  (EU).  I  want  to  argue  that  this provincial, racist, colonial, and anti-Semitic space of the Eu-ropean Union that consists of a long list of “former” West states as Germany, Austria, Spain, Great Britain, etc. (the list of all the “former West” states, as they like to call themselves, is too long), is  in  urgent  need  of  a  radical  transmigrant,  transfeminist,  and  transgender decolonial approach.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;I want to elaborate on the above questions in the light of the dis-cussion on decolonial feminist thought while addressing some of the geopolitical spaces outside of Europe, or, more precisely, spaces  outside  the  European  Union  (EU).  I  want  to  argue  that  this provincial, racist, colonial, and anti-Semitic space of the Eu-ropean Union that consists of a long list of “former” West states as Germany, Austria, Spain, Great Britain, etc. (the list of all the “former West” states, as they like to call themselves, is too long), is  in  urgent  need  of  a  radical  transmigrant,  transfeminist,  and  transgender decolonial approach.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <PersonName>Gržinić, Marina</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">The Crush</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">The Fiery Allure of the Jolted Puppet</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Frenchy Lunning</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>Minneapolis College of Art and Design</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;As an adolescent, I could mark time by the incessant epistemes of crushes I had experienced as I careened through junior high school, and beyond. Only a very small percentage of these emo-tional  junkets  were  actualized  as  relationships,  and  most  were  only a subject of extreme embarrassment at the erotic obsession with an entirely inappropriate, or horrifyingly inexplicable, and thankfully, unsuspecting subject. The whole phenomenon of the crush puzzled me as it was always completely out of my control and never fully explained, except for a “wink-wink” moment in the  special  girls-only  classes  on  menstruation  and  “love”  that  were de rigeur for young schoolgirls of the 1960s. But using the very particular apparatus of object-oriented ontology and its ex-cellent mechanism of “allure,” I feel I can perhaps abolish some of the mysterious shame of my youth, and explain its periodic persistence. It is these ephemeral, inexplicable phenomena that are such excellent subjects for this speculative realistic mecha-nism: those things in the existence of subjects that defy all rea-sonable explanation.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;As an adolescent, I could mark time by the incessant epistemes of crushes I had experienced as I careened through junior high school, and beyond. Only a very small percentage of these emo-tional  junkets  were  actualized  as  relationships,  and  most  were  only a subject of extreme embarrassment at the erotic obsession with an entirely inappropriate, or horrifyingly inexplicable, and thankfully, unsuspecting subject. The whole phenomenon of the crush puzzled me as it was always completely out of my control and never fully explained, except for a “wink-wink” moment in the  special  girls-only  classes  on  menstruation  and  “love”  that  were de rigeur for young schoolgirls of the 1960s. But using the very particular apparatus of object-oriented ontology and its ex-cellent mechanism of “allure,” I feel I can perhaps abolish some of the mysterious shame of my youth, and explain its periodic persistence. It is these ephemeral, inexplicable phenomena that are such excellent subjects for this speculative realistic mecha-nism: those things in the existence of subjects that defy all rea-sonable explanation.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <PersonName>Lunning, Frenchy</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">(W)omen out/of Time</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Metis, Medea, Mahakali</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Nandita Biswas Mellamphy</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;“What  if  Truth  were  an  Omen?”  I  ask  (with  a  nod  to  Ni-etzsche4 — through a glass, darkly). What if Truth were a Nam-shub, a Magic Word/Work, the nomen of an omen? Such a truth advances here — in this essay — masked as women. Metis, Me-dea,  and  Mahakali  —  first,  a  Pelasgian  Titan,  the  first  wife  of  Zeus and unacknowledged mother of Athena, who was doomed to be swallowed up whole and usurped by the head of Olympus; second, a foreign priestess of the chthonic Hecate, who (as first told in Apollonius of Rhodes’ Argonautika and later immortal-ized  by  Euripides  and  Seneca)  helps  the  Greek  Jason  retrieve  the mythic golden fleece, and who eventually murders her entire family and escapes back to Colchis; and finally, a fringe Hindu goddess first worshipped by criminals and outcastes, a dark de-ity  clothed  in  severed  heads,  who  drinks  the  blood  of  her  vic-tims and resides in the cremation-ground — one who comes to be adopted as an incarnation of great time (mahākāla) or death itself in Hindu religion.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;“What  if  Truth  were  an  Omen?”  I  ask  (with  a  nod  to  Ni-etzsche4 — through a glass, darkly). What if Truth were a Nam-shub, a Magic Word/Work, the nomen of an omen? Such a truth advances here — in this essay — masked as women. Metis, Me-dea,  and  Mahakali  —  first,  a  Pelasgian  Titan,  the  first  wife  of  Zeus and unacknowledged mother of Athena, who was doomed to be swallowed up whole and usurped by the head of Olympus; second, a foreign priestess of the chthonic Hecate, who (as first told in Apollonius of Rhodes’ Argonautika and later immortal-ized  by  Euripides  and  Seneca)  helps  the  Greek  Jason  retrieve  the mythic golden fleece, and who eventually murders her entire family and escapes back to Colchis; and finally, a fringe Hindu goddess first worshipped by criminals and outcastes, a dark de-ity  clothed  in  severed  heads,  who  drinks  the  blood  of  her  vic-tims and resides in the cremation-ground — one who comes to be adopted as an incarnation of great time (mahākāla) or death itself in Hindu religion.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <PersonName>Mellamphy, Nandita Biswas</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">"Girls Welcome!!!"</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Speculative Realism, Object-Oriented Ontology, and Queer Theory</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Michael O'Rourke</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;I begin with two epigraphs, both of which were guest columns written  for,  commissioned  especially  by,  PMLA.  Although  they  are  separated  by  fifteen  years,  they  both  make  some  strikingly  similar  points  which  are  relevant  for  someone  attempting  to  chart  the  potential  connections  or  intimacies  between  queer  theory  and  speculative  realism  (and  in  this  position  piece  I’m  placing  quite  a  strong  emphasis  on  object-oriented  ontology  which  is  just  one  offshoot  of  speculative  realist  thinking).  The  first thing we might emphasize is the need to pin things down, to say what exactly queer theory is and does and to be entirely clear  about  what  speculative  realism  is  and  what  precisely  it  is  that speculative realists do. Yet, perhaps the power and virtue of both queer theory and speculative realism, what makes them so compatible, is that neither is a delimitable field. Part of the attraction of both is their very undefinability, their provisionality, and, most importantly, their openness.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;I begin with two epigraphs, both of which were guest columns written  for,  commissioned  especially  by,  PMLA.  Although  they  are  separated  by  fifteen  years,  they  both  make  some  strikingly  similar  points  which  are  relevant  for  someone  attempting  to  chart  the  potential  connections  or  intimacies  between  queer  theory  and  speculative  realism  (and  in  this  position  piece  I’m  placing  quite  a  strong  emphasis  on  object-oriented  ontology  which  is  just  one  offshoot  of  speculative  realist  thinking).  The  first thing we might emphasize is the need to pin things down, to say what exactly queer theory is and does and to be entirely clear  about  what  speculative  realism  is  and  what  precisely  it  is  that speculative realists do. Yet, perhaps the power and virtue of both queer theory and speculative realism, what makes them so compatible, is that neither is a delimitable field. Part of the attraction of both is their very undefinability, their provisionality, and, most importantly, their openness.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In Silencing the Past: Power and the Production of History, Michel-Rolph Trouillot writes that by examining the process of history we can “discover the differential exercise of power that makes some narratives possible and silences others.” Alternative Historiographies of the Digital Humanities examines the process of history in the narrative of the digital humanities and deconstructs its history as a straight line from the beginnings of humanities computing. By discussing alternatives histories of the digital humanities that address queer gaming, feminist game studies praxis, Cold War military-industrial complex computation, the creation of the environmental humanities, monolingual discontent in DH, the hidden history of DH in English studies, radical media praxis, cultural studies and DH, indigenous futurities, Pacific Rim postcolonial DH, the issue of scale and DH, the radical, indigenous, feminist histories of the digital database, and the possibilities for an antifascist DH, this collection hopes to re-set discussions of the straight, white origin myths of DH. Thus, this collection hopes to reexamine the silences in such a straight and white masculinist history and delineates how power comes into play to shape this straight, white DH narrative.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;A number of the pieces in this volume go back to the origin myth of the digital humanities to reassess the hagiography of Father Busa by reconsidering and recontextualizing his legacy and his work in relation to media archaeology, politics, Cold War maneuvers, mechanized genocide, the Third Reich, and the military-industrial complex as it has organized various fields, including Asian Studies. This reassessment of comparative genealogies — vis-à-vis Foucault — undergirds an alternative history of the Jesuit hagiography we have so far been unwilling to reexamine for its narrative use in embellishing an origin hagiography/historiography for digital humanities. Other pieces intertwine the digital humanities with other fields — area studies, Asian American Studies, cultural studies, literary studies, and environmental studies — in order to reexamine how the intersections and juxtapositions reveal silences in these histories. And finally, a number of pieces considers alternative praxes in rethinking these histories, whether it is an essay that is a game or a reevaluation of feminist media praxis.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;-&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In Silencing the Past: Power and the Production of History, Michel-Rolph Trouillot writes that by examining the process of history we can “discover the differential exercise of power that makes some narratives possible and silences others.” Alternative Historiographies of the Digital Humanities examines the process of history in the narrative of the digital humanities and deconstructs its history as a straight line from the beginnings of humanities computing. By discussing alternatives histories of the digital humanities that address queer gaming, feminist game studies praxis, Cold War military-industrial complex computation, the creation of the environmental humanities, monolingual discontent in DH, the hidden history of DH in English studies, radical media praxis, cultural studies and DH, indigenous futurities, Pacific Rim postcolonial DH, the issue of scale and DH, the radical, indigenous, feminist histories of the digital database, and the possibilities for an antifascist DH, this collection hopes to re-set discussions of the straight, white origin myths of DH. Thus, this collection hopes to reexamine the silences in such a straight and white masculinist history and delineates how power comes into play to shape this straight, white DH narrative.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;A number of the pieces in this volume go back to the origin myth of the digital humanities to reassess the hagiography of Father Busa by reconsidering and recontextualizing his legacy and his work in relation to media archaeology, politics, Cold War maneuvers, mechanized genocide, the Third Reich, and the military-industrial complex as it has organized various fields, including Asian Studies. This reassessment of comparative genealogies — vis-à-vis Foucault — undergirds an alternative history of the Jesuit hagiography we have so far been unwilling to reexamine for its narrative use in embellishing an origin hagiography/historiography for digital humanities. Other pieces intertwine the digital humanities with other fields — area studies, Asian American Studies, cultural studies, literary studies, and environmental studies — in order to reexamine how the intersections and juxtapositions reveal silences in these histories. And finally, a number of pieces considers alternative praxes in rethinking these histories, whether it is an essay that is a game or a reevaluation of feminist media praxis.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;-&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;David Golumbia is an Associate Professor of English at Virginia Commonwealth University. He is the author of The Cultural Logic of Computation (Harvard University Press, 2009), The Politics of Bitcoin: Software as Right-Wing Extremism (University of Minnesota Press, 2016), and many articles on digital culture, language, and literary studies.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Towards a Digital Cultural Studies</TitleText>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Alexandra Juhasz is Distinguished Professor of Film at Brooklyn College, CUNY. She makes and studies committed media practices that contribute to political change and individual and community growth. Author and/or editor since 1995 of scholarly books on activist media in light of AIDS (AIDS TV, Duke University Press, 1995 and AIDS and the Distribution of Crises, Duke University Press, 2020), Black lesbian and queer representation (Sisters in the Life, Duke University Press, 2018), feminism (Women of Vision, University of Minnesota Press, 2001), and digital culture (Learning from YouTube, MIT Press, 2011), Dr. Juhasz also makes videotapes on feminist issues from AIDS to teen pregnancy as well as producing the feature fakes The Watermelon Woman (Cheryl Dunye, 1997) and The Owls (Dunye, 2010). She writes reviews, interviews, and opinion pieces about these subjects for non-academic venues like MS, Bomb, Hyperallergic, and the Brooklyn Rail. Her current work is on and about fake news and radical digital media literacy (fakenews-poetry.org).&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Born and raised in Uganda, Janet Nalubega Ross, who goes by her middle name Nalubega, is interested in how people learn about sex, birth, and childcare. Her current dissertation work focuses on how refugees resettled in the United States learn, paying attention to how race, age, sexuality, cultural values, political landscapes, geographical location, and the ever-changing social media landscape shape learning processes. Nalubega holds a degree in Community Health Education and Promotion from the University of Utah (2011), and a Master’s degree in Bioinformatics from the University of Missouri-Kansas City (2014). When not working on her dissertation, Nalubega can be found tending an ever-growing collection of plants.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Dorothy Kim teaches medieval literature at Brandeis Univer- sity. Her research focuses on race, gender, digital humanities, medieval women’s literary cultures, medievalism, Jewish/Chris- tian difference, book history, digital media, and the alt-right. Her book, Jewish/Christian Entanglements: Ancrene Wisse and Its Material Worlds, is set to be published with the University of Pennsylvania Press. She has a forthcoming book, The Alt-Medi- eval: Digital Whiteness and Medieval Studies from the University of Minnesota Press in 2021. She has received fellowships from the SSHRC, Ford Foundation, Fulbright, Mellon, and AAUW. She is the co-project director in the NEH-funded Scholarly Editions and Translations project An Archive of Early Middle English. She is a project co-director for the Global Middle Ages Proj- ect (http://globalmiddleages.org) and is scheduled to co-write a book with Lynn Ramey (Vanderbilt University) on Medieval Global Digital Humanities for Cambridge UP for 2021. She has co-edited two collections in the Digital Humanities. The first collection, co-edited with Jesse Stommel (University of Mary Washington), on Disrupting the Digital Humanities (punctum 506 books, 2018), discusses the marginal methodologies and critical diversities in the Digital Humanities. This current volume is her second edited DH collection. She has an edited volume in the Cultural History of Race series (the Cultural History of Race 1350–1550) with Kim Coles (University of Maryland) forthcom- ing in October 2021 at Bloomsbury. She is the associate editor for the Journal of Early Middle English and the co-editor for the medieval to early modern section of Literature Compass.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In Silencing the Past: Power and the Production of History, Michel-Rolph Trouillot writes that by examining the process of history we can “discover the differential exercise of power that makes some narratives possible and silences others.” Alternative Historiographies of the Digital Humanities examines the process of history in the narrative of the digital humanities and deconstructs its history as a straight line from the beginnings of humanities computing. By discussing alternatives histories of the digital humanities that address queer gaming, feminist game studies praxis, Cold War military-industrial complex computation, the creation of the environmental humanities, monolingual discontent in DH, the hidden history of DH in English studies, radical media praxis, cultural studies and DH, indigenous futurities, Pacific Rim postcolonial DH, the issue of scale and DH, the radical, indigenous, feminist histories of the digital database, and the possibilities for an antifascist DH, this collection hopes to re-set discussions of the straight, white origin myths of DH. Thus, this collection hopes to reexamine the silences in such a straight and white masculinist history and delineates how power comes into play to shape this straight, white DH narrative.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;A number of the pieces in this volume go back to the origin myth of the digital humanities to reassess the hagiography of Father Busa by reconsidering and recontextualizing his legacy and his work in relation to media archaeology, politics, Cold War maneuvers, mechanized genocide, the Third Reich, and the military-industrial complex as it has organized various fields, including Asian Studies. This reassessment of comparative genealogies — vis-à-vis Foucault — undergirds an alternative history of the Jesuit hagiography we have so far been unwilling to reexamine for its narrative use in embellishing an origin hagiography/historiography for digital humanities. Other pieces intertwine the digital humanities with other fields — area studies, Asian American Studies, cultural studies, literary studies, and environmental studies — in order to reexamine how the intersections and juxtapositions reveal silences in these histories. And finally, a number of pieces considers alternative praxes in rethinking these histories, whether it is an essay that is a game or a reevaluation of feminist media praxis.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;-&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In Silencing the Past: Power and the Production of History, Michel-Rolph Trouillot writes that by examining the process of history we can “discover the differential exercise of power that makes some narratives possible and silences others.” Alternative Historiographies of the Digital Humanities examines the process of history in the narrative of the digital humanities and deconstructs its history as a straight line from the beginnings of humanities computing. By discussing alternatives histories of the digital humanities that address queer gaming, feminist game studies praxis, Cold War military-industrial complex computation, the creation of the environmental humanities, monolingual discontent in DH, the hidden history of DH in English studies, radical media praxis, cultural studies and DH, indigenous futurities, Pacific Rim postcolonial DH, the issue of scale and DH, the radical, indigenous, feminist histories of the digital database, and the possibilities for an antifascist DH, this collection hopes to re-set discussions of the straight, white origin myths of DH. Thus, this collection hopes to reexamine the silences in such a straight and white masculinist history and delineates how power comes into play to shape this straight, white DH narrative.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;A number of the pieces in this volume go back to the origin myth of the digital humanities to reassess the hagiography of Father Busa by reconsidering and recontextualizing his legacy and his work in relation to media archaeology, politics, Cold War maneuvers, mechanized genocide, the Third Reich, and the military-industrial complex as it has organized various fields, including Asian Studies. This reassessment of comparative genealogies — vis-à-vis Foucault — undergirds an alternative history of the Jesuit hagiography we have so far been unwilling to reexamine for its narrative use in embellishing an origin hagiography/historiography for digital humanities. Other pieces intertwine the digital humanities with other fields — area studies, Asian American Studies, cultural studies, literary studies, and environmental studies — in order to reexamine how the intersections and juxtapositions reveal silences in these histories. And finally, a number of pieces considers alternative praxes in rethinking these histories, whether it is an essay that is a game or a reevaluation of feminist media praxis.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;-&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Dorothy Kim teaches medieval literature at Brandeis University. Her research focuses on race, gender, digital humanities, medieval women’s literary cultures, medievalism, Jewish/Christian difference, book history, digital media, and the alt-right. Her book, Jewish/Christian Entanglements: Ancrene Wisse and Its Material Worlds, is set to be published with the University of Pennsylvania Press. She has a forthcoming book, The Alt-Medieval: Digital Whiteness and Medieval Studies from the University of Minnesota Press in 2021. She has received fellowships from the SSHRC, Ford Foundation, Fulbright, Mellon, and AAUW. She is the co-project director in the NEH-funded Scholarly Editions and Translations project An Archive of Early Middle English. She is a project co-director for the Global Middle Ages Project (http://globalmiddleages.org) and is scheduled to co-write a book with Lynn Ramey (Vanderbilt University) on Medieval Global Digital Humanities for Cambridge UP for 2021. She has co-edited two collections in the Digital Humanities. The first collection, co-edited with Jesse Stommel (University of Mary Washington), on Disrupting the Digital Humanities (punctum books, 2018), discusses the marginal methodologies and critical diversities in the Digital Humanities. This current volume is her second edited DH collection. She has an edited volume in the Cultural History of Race series (the Cultural History of Race 1350–1550) with Kim Coles (University of Maryland) forthcoming in October 2021 at Bloomsbury. She is the associate editor for the Journal of Early Middle English and the co-editor for the medieval to early modern section of Literature Compass.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;David Golumbia is an Associate Professor of English at Virginia Commonwealth University. He is the author of The Cultural Logic of Computation (Harvard University Press, 2009), The Politics of Bitcoin: Software as Right-Wing Extremism (University of Minnesota Press, 2016), and many articles on digital culture, language, and literary studies.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Alexandra Juhasz is Distinguished Professor of Film at Brooklyn College, CUNY. She makes and studies committed media practices that contribute to political change and individual and community growth. Author and/or editor since 1995 of scholarly books on activist media in light of AIDS (AIDS TV, Duke University Press, 1995 and AIDS and the Distribution of Crises, Duke University Press, 2020), Black lesbian and queer representation (Sisters in the Life, Duke University Press, 2018), feminism (Women of Vision, University of Minnesota Press, 2001), and digital culture (Learning from YouTube, MIT Press, 2011), Dr. Juhasz also makes videotapes on feminist issues from AIDS to teen pregnancy as well as producing the feature fakes The Watermelon Woman (Cheryl Dunye, 1997) and The Owls (Dunye, 2010). She writes reviews, interviews, and opinion pieces about these subjects for non-academic venues like MS, Bomb, Hyperallergic, and the Brooklyn Rail. Her current work is on and about fake news and radical digital media literacy (fakenews-poetry.org).&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Dorothy Kim teaches medieval literature at Brandeis Univer- sity. Her research focuses on race, gender, digital humanities, medieval women’s literary cultures, medievalism, Jewish/Chris- tian difference, book history, digital media, and the alt-right. Her book, Jewish/Christian Entanglements: Ancrene Wisse and Its Material Worlds, is set to be published with the University of Pennsylvania Press. She has a forthcoming book, The Alt-Medi- eval: Digital Whiteness and Medieval Studies from the University of Minnesota Press in 2021. She has received fellowships from the SSHRC, Ford Foundation, Fulbright, Mellon, and AAUW. She is the co-project director in the NEH-funded Scholarly Editions and Translations project An Archive of Early Middle English. She is a project co-director for the Global Middle Ages Proj- ect (http://globalmiddleages.org) and is scheduled to co-write a book with Lynn Ramey (Vanderbilt University) on Medieval Global Digital Humanities for Cambridge UP for 2021. She has co-edited two collections in the Digital Humanities. The first collection, co-edited with Jesse Stommel (University of Mary Washington), on Disrupting the Digital Humanities (punctum 506 books, 2018), discusses the marginal methodologies and critical diversities in the Digital Humanities. This current volume is her second edited DH collection. She has an edited volume in the Cultural History of Race series (the Cultural History of Race 1350–1550) with Kim Coles (University of Maryland) forthcom- ing in October 2021 at Bloomsbury. She is the associate editor for the Journal of Early Middle English and the co-editor for the medieval to early modern section of Literature Compass.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Em 1994, aos vinte e cinco anos de idade, quando o terrível “despedaçamento que vem com a agressão sexual” dobrou-se profundamente em seu corpo e pensamentos de suicídio estavam sempre por perto, Erin Manning escreveu A Manga Perfeita num estado quase febril: dezenove capítulos em dezenove dias, uma espécie de operação de auto-resgate, onde a escrita tornou-se uma maneira de fazer (e sentir) a vida de outra forma. Ao longo desses dezenove dias, e embora não capaz de articular completamente para si mesma na época, Manning escreveu-se para dentro “de uma composição que pergunta de que outra forma a vida poderia ser vivida”. E nos ritmos dessa composição, que era também uma vida, Manning foi e é capaz de recusar a categoria e norma e imobilidade da “vítima” (enquanto ainda compreende as heranças da violência) a fim de seguir em vez disso o mais-que-eu assim como a alegria do “mais-que da experiência no fazer”.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Vinte e cinco anos depois, Manning permite que esses escritos anteriores encontrem seu caminho de volta ao mundo, o que é uma maneira de dar “voz a esses momentos de sobrevivência confusos” enquanto também pede a nós, que compartilhamos (e ajudamos a suportar) tais momentos enquanto leitores, que consideremos “outras formas de escutar a urgência que é viver”. Republicar o livro agora é dar-lhe um lugar no mundo de uma maneira que honre sua força como algo que está sempre além da reivindicação de qualquer um, mesmo de Manning. Nesse sentido, A Manga Perfeita nos convida, com Manning, a estar em excesso de nós mesmos, e também a considerarmos, nas palavras de Manning, “como criar condições para viver além da crença feroz do humanismo de que nós, os privilegiados, os neurotípicos, os ainda incólumes, os corpos-capazes, é que guardamos a chave para todas as perspectivas no teatro da vida”. Por fim, A Manga Perfeita e as reflexões de Manning a respeito de sua composição pedem que consideremos “viver na feroz celebração de um mundo inventado por esses modos de vida que rasgam o tecido colonial, branco, neurotípico da vida como a conhecemos.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Cameron McEwan is an associate professor, architectural theorist, and educator at Northumbria University School of Architecture. His research focuses on the relationship between the city, representation, and subjectivity to engage architecture’s status as a critical project. Cameron is a trustee of the AE Foundation, an independent research institute for architecture and education; linking academia, practice, and public life. Cameron holds his Masters in Architecture with distinction from Dundee School of Architecture and his PhD in History and Theory of Architecture from the University of Dundee Geddes Institute for Urban Research. Cameron’s writing and drawings are published in journals and venues including: Architecture and Culture, arq, Building Material, Drawing On, Inflection, Journal of Architectural Education, Lo Squaderno, MONU, Scroope: Cambridge Architecture Journal, Outsiders for the 2014 Venice Architecture Biennale, Edinburgh Royal Scottish Academy, The Lighthouse Glasgow, and elsewhere. With Samuel Penn he edited Accounts (Pelinu, 2019). With Lorens Holm he edited the Architecture and Collective Life special issue of Architecture and Culture (T&amp;amp;F/Routledge, 2020).&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In Analogical City, Cameron McEwan argues for architecture’s status as a critical project. McEwan revisits architect Aldo Rossi as a paradigmatic figure of the critical rational tradition, studying a neglected aspect of his thought — the analogical city — to excavate its potential. McEwan develops a grammar of the analogical city under the headings of Imagination, Transformation, City, Multitude, and Project. McEwan argues that the analogical city is critical, collective, and emancipatory. Analogical thought and understanding cities as analogical might open the conditions of possibility for rethinking the critical project in architecture.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;At a time when the humanities and the sciences are threatened by irrational thought, from climate denial to post-truth narratives, and when architecture has seemingly disavowed its critical capacity and political possibility through its commodification as an instrument of the neoliberal city, McEwan offers critical strategies, conceptual tools, figures of thought, and knowledge practices to articulate modes of thinking and acting differently within architectural criticism and practice. Today, knowledge is a common terrain of struggle and thought requires constant reinvention. The task of architecture, and critique more broadly, must be to interpret the world in order to change it. Consequently Analogical City proposes modes for imagining the city, the subject, and the world otherwise — towards a more egalitarian and critical architecture of the city.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ultimately, the analogical city is not a fully developed theory, nor is it only an intuitive, poetic, or purely formal practice, as some critics propose. McEwan argues that the analogical city is poetic and political: it always refers beyond itself towards a collective and critical project of the city, and yet it invites a series of formal, spatial, and graphic operations comprising erasure and negativity followed by substitution and remontage.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In Analogical City, Cameron McEwan argues for architecture’s status as a critical project. McEwan revisits architect Aldo Rossi as a paradigmatic figure of the critical rational tradition, studying a neglected aspect of his thought — the analogical city — to excavate its potential. McEwan develops a grammar of the analogical city under the headings of Imagination, Transformation, City, Multitude, and Project. McEwan argues that the analogical city is critical, collective, and emancipatory. Analogical thought and understanding cities as analogical might open the conditions of possibility for rethinking the critical project in architecture.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;At a time when the humanities and the sciences are threatened by irrational thought, from climate denial to post-truth narratives, and when architecture has seemingly disavowed its critical capacity and political possibility through its commodification as an instrument of the neoliberal city, McEwan offers critical strategies, conceptual tools, figures of thought, and knowledge practices to articulate modes of thinking and acting differently within architectural criticism and practice. Today, knowledge is a common terrain of struggle and thought requires constant reinvention. The task of architecture, and critique more broadly, must be to interpret the world in order to change it. Consequently Analogical City proposes modes for imagining the city, the subject, and the world otherwise — towards a more egalitarian and critical architecture of the city.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ultimately, the analogical city is not a fully developed theory, nor is it only an intuitive, poetic, or purely formal practice, as some critics propose. McEwan argues that the analogical city is poetic and political: it always refers beyond itself towards a collective and critical project of the city, and yet it invites a series of formal, spatial, and graphic operations comprising erasure and negativity followed by substitution and remontage.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In Analogical City, Cameron McEwan argues for architecture’s status as a critical project. McEwan revisits architect Aldo Rossi as a paradigmatic figure of the critical rational tradition, studying a neglected aspect of his thought — the analogical city — to excavate its potential. McEwan develops a grammar of the analogical city under the headings of Imagination, Transformation, City, Multitude, and Project. McEwan argues that the analogical city is critical, collective, and emancipatory. Analogical thought and understanding cities as analogical might open the conditions of possibility for rethinking the critical project in architecture.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;At a time when the humanities and the sciences are threatened by irrational thought, from climate denial to post-truth narratives, and when architecture has seemingly disavowed its critical capacity and political possibility through its commodification as an instrument of the neoliberal city, McEwan offers critical strategies, conceptual tools, figures of thought, and knowledge practices to articulate modes of thinking and acting differently within architectural criticism and practice. Today, knowledge is a common terrain of struggle and thought requires constant reinvention. The task of architecture, and critique more broadly, must be to interpret the world in order to change it. Consequently Analogical City proposes modes for imagining the city, the subject, and the world otherwise — towards a more egalitarian and critical architecture of the city.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ultimately, the analogical city is not a fully developed theory, nor is it only an intuitive, poetic, or purely formal practice, as some critics propose. McEwan argues that the analogical city is poetic and political: it always refers beyond itself towards a collective and critical project of the city, and yet it invites a series of formal, spatial, and graphic operations comprising erasure and negativity followed by substitution and remontage.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In Analogical City, Cameron McEwan argues for architecture’s status as a critical project. McEwan revisits architect Aldo Rossi as a paradigmatic figure of the critical rational tradition, studying a neglected aspect of his thought — the analogical city — to excavate its potential. McEwan develops a grammar of the analogical city under the headings of Imagination, Transformation, City, Multitude, and Project. McEwan argues that the analogical city is critical, collective, and emancipatory. Analogical thought and understanding cities as analogical might open the conditions of possibility for rethinking the critical project in architecture.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;At a time when the humanities and the sciences are threatened by irrational thought, from climate denial to post-truth narratives, and when architecture has seemingly disavowed its critical capacity and political possibility through its commodification as an instrument of the neoliberal city, McEwan offers critical strategies, conceptual tools, figures of thought, and knowledge practices to articulate modes of thinking and acting differently within architectural criticism and practice. Today, knowledge is a common terrain of struggle and thought requires constant reinvention. The task of architecture, and critique more broadly, must be to interpret the world in order to change it. Consequently Analogical City proposes modes for imagining the city, the subject, and the world otherwise — towards a more egalitarian and critical architecture of the city.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ultimately, the analogical city is not a fully developed theory, nor is it only an intuitive, poetic, or purely formal practice, as some critics propose. McEwan argues that the analogical city is poetic and political: it always refers beyond itself towards a collective and critical project of the city, and yet it invites a series of formal, spatial, and graphic operations comprising erasure and negativity followed by substitution and remontage.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The impetus for this catalogue is an art exhibition, And Another Thing, which took place in 2011. Its focus concerned nonanthropocentrism, one of the primary tenets shared by various then-emerging philosophies grouped under the mantle of speculative realism. This volume serves to document that exhibition and to expand on two of its curatorial gambits: to prioritize art historical contexts for contemporary philosophy (rather than the other way around), and to apprehend artworks as historically specific objects of philosophy. This historical orientation distinguishes And Another Thingfrom more recent art world attention to speculative realism; both the early exhibition and this expanded catalogue are intended to highlight that contribution to ongoing interdisciplinary discussions.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The impetus for this catalogue is an art exhibition, And Another Thing, which took place in 2011. Its focus concerned nonanthropocentrism, one of the primary tenets shared by various then-emerging philosophies grouped under the mantle of speculative realism. This volume serves to document that exhibition and to expand on two of its curatorial gambits: to prioritize art historical contexts for contemporary philosophy (rather than the other way around), and to apprehend artworks as historically specific objects of philosophy. This historical orientation distinguishes And Another Thingfrom more recent art world attention to speculative realism; both the early exhibition and this expanded catalogue are intended to highlight that contribution to ongoing interdisciplinary discussions.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Space for Things</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Art, Objects, and Speculation</Subtitle>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;At the heart of speculative realism (SR) and object-oriented ontology (OOO) is the notion of a flat ontology. Manuel DeLanda defines a flat ontology as “one made exclusively of unique, singular individuals, differing in spatio-temporal scale but not in ontological status.”1Within the context of SR and OOO, these “singular individuals” are human and nonhuman, animate and inanimate. The very notion of a flat ontology is spatial in its conception. It provides a spatial metaphor for a dense and complicated field of both interaction and isolation, where things (read as human and nonhuman) are at moments drawn in relation to one another, and at moments withdrawn and discrete.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;At the heart of speculative realism (SR) and object-oriented ontology (OOO) is the notion of a flat ontology. Manuel DeLanda defines a flat ontology as “one made exclusively of unique, singular individuals, differing in spatio-temporal scale but not in ontological status.”1Within the context of SR and OOO, these “singular individuals” are human and nonhuman, animate and inanimate. The very notion of a flat ontology is spatial in its conception. It provides a spatial metaphor for a dense and complicated field of both interaction and isolation, where things (read as human and nonhuman) are at moments drawn in relation to one another, and at moments withdrawn and discrete.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Arbitrary Objects</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Minimalism and Nonanthropocentrism</Subtitle>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In his influential 1965 essay “Specific Objects,” sculp-tor Donald Judd surveyed the “new work” in painting and sculpture being created by his contemporaries in the New York scene. He noted with satisfaction that the “part by part” compositional structure he identified with European tradition and metaphoric “anthropo-morphism” was giving way to a holistic, environmental approach to three-dimensional space that he equated with a new kind of realism. “Three dimensions,” Judd wrote, “are real space. That gets rid of the problem of illusionism and of literal space, space in and around marks and colors—which is riddance of one of the salient and most objectionable relics of European art.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In his influential 1965 essay “Specific Objects,” sculp-tor Donald Judd surveyed the “new work” in painting and sculpture being created by his contemporaries in the New York scene. He noted with satisfaction that the “part by part” compositional structure he identified with European tradition and metaphoric “anthropo-morphism” was giving way to a holistic, environmental approach to three-dimensional space that he equated with a new kind of realism. “Three dimensions,” Judd wrote, “are real space. That gets rid of the problem of illusionism and of literal space, space in and around marks and colors—which is riddance of one of the salient and most objectionable relics of European art.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Whether anxious and lonely or brave and hubristic, humans have staked out for themselves a privileged position, alone, at the center of everything. Anthropocentrism is the name for this ontological lynchpin that binds together centuries of art, philosophy, social theory, and scientific inquiry. The exhibition And Another Thing (2011) was part of an alternate movement toward nonanthropocentrism, an effort to dislodge the human from the center of discussion, to enrich the concept of being, and to open the very world itself to all things that comprise it. The world is brimming with things, and seen from a nonanthropocentric vantage, all things are equal, whether animal, vegetable, or mineral. Nonanthropocentrism repositions humans as just “another thing,” no more precious or central than any other.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Whether anxious and lonely or brave and hubristic, humans have staked out for themselves a privileged position, alone, at the center of everything. Anthropocentrism is the name for this ontological lynchpin that binds together centuries of art, philosophy, social theory, and scientific inquiry. The exhibition And Another Thing (2011) was part of an alternate movement toward nonanthropocentrism, an effort to dislodge the human from the center of discussion, to enrich the concept of being, and to open the very world itself to all things that comprise it. The world is brimming with things, and seen from a nonanthropocentric vantage, all things are equal, whether animal, vegetable, or mineral. Nonanthropocentrism repositions humans as just “another thing,” no more precious or central than any other.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Carl Andre’s pyramidal stack of aluminum ingots illustrates a part-whole relationship in which the part informs the structural organization of the whole. The formal logic between the ingots dictates the entire rationale of the piece: it is what it is. In this, Base 5 Aluminum Stack (2008) thwarts what object-oriented philosopher Graham Harman calls the “overmining” of its content, i.e., the impulse to write human interpretation over a thing’s material facticity. In Andre’s work, all questions of meaning generation become self-reflexive.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Carl Andre’s pyramidal stack of aluminum ingots illustrates a part-whole relationship in which the part informs the structural organization of the whole. The formal logic between the ingots dictates the entire rationale of the piece: it is what it is. In this, Base 5 Aluminum Stack (2008) thwarts what object-oriented philosopher Graham Harman calls the “overmining” of its content, i.e., the impulse to write human interpretation over a thing’s material facticity. In Andre’s work, all questions of meaning generation become self-reflexive.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Laura Carton’s series of photographs (2000–2003), each named for a website, begins with pornographic images downloaded from the Internet. The artist erases the actors’ bodies and then digitally reconstructs the backgrounds. By removing the human performers, she asserts that the objects and environments are equal “performers” in generating and communicating meaning. Simultaneously, Carton’s work alludes to the conventional view of pornography as objectifying the humans it displays.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Laura Carton’s series of photographs (2000–2003), each named for a website, begins with pornographic images downloaded from the Internet. The artist erases the actors’ bodies and then digitally reconstructs the backgrounds. By removing the human performers, she asserts that the objects and environments are equal “performers” in generating and communicating meaning. Simultaneously, Carton’s work alludes to the conventional view of pornography as objectifying the humans it displays.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Ruslan Trusewych’s installation This is the Way the World is (2005–2011) is composed of oscillating fans directed at a cluster of flickering night-lights whose subtle motion activates one another. The arrangement of night-lights and fans creates a closed system that exists outside of human intervention. This chaotic and random mode of communication explores entropy, even while staging a sense of equipoise.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Ruslan Trusewych’s installation This is the Way the World is (2005–2011) is composed of oscillating fans directed at a cluster of flickering night-lights whose subtle motion activates one another. The arrangement of night-lights and fans creates a closed system that exists outside of human intervention. This chaotic and random mode of communication explores entropy, even while staging a sense of equipoise.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Zimoun</TitleText>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Zimoun’s video of woodworms devouring a piece of wood masquerades as a still image, belying the intense activity playing out beyond human sight. In 25 woodworms, wood, microphone, sound system (2009), the audible element is the only hint at the concealed assemblage of woodworms and wood, an intersection between two things that is at once destructive and instructive.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Zimoun’s video of woodworms devouring a piece of wood masquerades as a still image, belying the intense activity playing out beyond human sight. In 25 woodworms, wood, microphone, sound system (2009), the audible element is the only hint at the concealed assemblage of woodworms and wood, an intersection between two things that is at once destructive and instructive.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">The Recentness of Things</TitleText>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Art has the habit of appearing in object form. The habit has been difficult to bring into sharp focus, though, no matter how aggressively art itself seems to summon us to do so. For all the scrutiny devoted to Las Meninas(1656) as a representation of representation (in the line of thinking that Michel Foucault established in The Order of Things [1966]), too little attention has been paid to the back side of the painting—that is, the image of the back side, the segmented stretcher supporting the monumental stretched canvas (the unevenness of its edges clearly visible), leaning against the large easel. Diego Velázquez does not expose this back side in a small gesture; it is a full-length drama. It is a drama that means to assert painting as a material act, and to assert the fact of the object form of painting, of the material support of the image, of the bulk of the production and the product. This is certainly not the point of the painting tout court, but it is a point in the painting, and an especially poignant point in our age of digital reproducibility when (as in André Malraux’s photographically mediated musée imaginaire) physical detail suffers the homogenization perpetrated by the image. As though in anticipation of his masterpiece’s ubiquitous reproduction, Velázquez bids his audience to remember: paintings have size and shape and weight.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Art has the habit of appearing in object form. The habit has been difficult to bring into sharp focus, though, no matter how aggressively art itself seems to summon us to do so. For all the scrutiny devoted to Las Meninas(1656) as a representation of representation (in the line of thinking that Michel Foucault established in The Order of Things [1966]), too little attention has been paid to the back side of the painting—that is, the image of the back side, the segmented stretcher supporting the monumental stretched canvas (the unevenness of its edges clearly visible), leaning against the large easel. Diego Velázquez does not expose this back side in a small gesture; it is a full-length drama. It is a drama that means to assert painting as a material act, and to assert the fact of the object form of painting, of the material support of the image, of the bulk of the production and the product. This is certainly not the point of the painting tout court, but it is a point in the painting, and an especially poignant point in our age of digital reproducibility when (as in André Malraux’s photographically mediated musée imaginaire) physical detail suffers the homogenization perpetrated by the image. As though in anticipation of his masterpiece’s ubiquitous reproduction, Velázquez bids his audience to remember: paintings have size and shape and weight.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In the often cited 1969 essay “Art After Philosophy,” Joseph Kosuth proclaimed that “all art (after Duchamp) is conceptual (in nature) because art only exists conceptually.”2 Kosuth argued that Duchamp’s historical role was to align art with conceptual function, separate from a sensual aesthetics of transcendence, the “morphological” form of which had traditionally made art favorable to conventional critical taste. Kosuth put his finger on the moment when art’s autonomy was finally separated from the philosophy of aesthetics, with a smug declaration signaling “the end of philosophy and the beginning of art.”3 The relevance of discrete, portable art objects receded, and the linguistic, functional character of art as concept was foregrounded.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In the often cited 1969 essay “Art After Philosophy,” Joseph Kosuth proclaimed that “all art (after Duchamp) is conceptual (in nature) because art only exists conceptually.”2 Kosuth argued that Duchamp’s historical role was to align art with conceptual function, separate from a sensual aesthetics of transcendence, the “morphological” form of which had traditionally made art favorable to conventional critical taste. Kosuth put his finger on the moment when art’s autonomy was finally separated from the philosophy of aesthetics, with a smug declaration signaling “the end of philosophy and the beginning of art.”3 The relevance of discrete, portable art objects receded, and the linguistic, functional character of art as concept was foregrounded.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Trauma Expanded / Aesthetics Expanded</TitleText>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In their curatorial statement, Katherine Behar and Emmy Mikelson propose that the exhibition And Another Thing was meant to critically engage the privilege of the human in relation to art, materialism, and the recent turn to ontology in the philosophical movements known as speculative realism and object-oriented ontologies. Here, I also want to engage the ontological turn, its reconception of materialism and the privilege of the human, while giving special attention to developments in media technology. After all, nearly all media technological developments have raised questions about the human in that they often trouble, if not transform, the relationship of time and space, memory and forgetting, embodiment and disembodiment, privacy and exposure, individual and collective, matter and life. In this sense, the development of a new media technology often is traumatic while providing a unique form of transmitting trauma. As Marshall McLuhan put it: “The emergence of a new media is too violent and superstimulated a social experience for the central nervous system simply to endure.”1 It is the usual relationship, or perhaps I should say the usual opposition of life and matter, that is central in this most recent ontological turn, a turn, I would propose, that is especially resonant with the traumatic changes wrought with the development of digital technologies.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In their curatorial statement, Katherine Behar and Emmy Mikelson propose that the exhibition And Another Thing was meant to critically engage the privilege of the human in relation to art, materialism, and the recent turn to ontology in the philosophical movements known as speculative realism and object-oriented ontologies. Here, I also want to engage the ontological turn, its reconception of materialism and the privilege of the human, while giving special attention to developments in media technology. After all, nearly all media technological developments have raised questions about the human in that they often trouble, if not transform, the relationship of time and space, memory and forgetting, embodiment and disembodiment, privacy and exposure, individual and collective, matter and life. In this sense, the development of a new media technology often is traumatic while providing a unique form of transmitting trauma. As Marshall McLuhan put it: “The emergence of a new media is too violent and superstimulated a social experience for the central nervous system simply to endure.”1 It is the usual relationship, or perhaps I should say the usual opposition of life and matter, that is central in this most recent ontological turn, a turn, I would propose, that is especially resonant with the traumatic changes wrought with the development of digital technologies.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In And Another Thing: Nonanthropocentrism and Art, Katherine Behar and Emmy Mikelson explore how artists engage with nonanthropocentrism, one of the primary tenets shared by recent speculative realist and new materialist philosophies. Extending their investigations in And Another Thing, an exhibition which the authors curated in 2011, this volume documents both that exhibition and expands on two of its curatorial aims: prioritizing art historical contexts for contemporary philosophy (rather than the other way around), and apprehending artworks as historically specific objects of philosophy.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The book is organized in three sections. In the first section, Behar and Mikelson provide long-form essays that chart the evolution of nonanthropocentrism and art, spanning eighteenth-century architectural drawing, performance, minimalist sculpture, and contemporary postminimalism. These essays raise the stakes for art and speculative realism, showing how artists have figured and prefigured nonanthropocentric ideas strikingly similar to those expounded in various “new” realist, materialist, and speculativist philosophies. Literally occupying the center of the volume, in section two, the exhibition is represented by full-color plates of eleven works by Carl Andre, Laura Carton, Valie Export, Regina José Galindo, Tom Kotik, Mary Lucking, Bruce Nauman, Grit Ruhland, Anthony Titus, Ruslan Trusewych, and Zimoun. Artworks by these emerging and canonical figures lay bare the networks of alliances underlying the exhibition. The book concludes with three short meditations on the relation between nonanthropocentrism and art, and what that relation might portend for future thought. These essays, by Bill Brown, Patricia Ticineto Clough, and Robert Jackson, are speculative in the sense that they perceive potentials for theory arising from nonanthropocentrism’s manifestations in art.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In And Another Thing: Nonanthropocentrism and Art, Katherine Behar and Emmy Mikelson explore how artists engage with nonanthropocentrism, one of the primary tenets shared by recent speculative realist and new materialist philosophies. Extending their investigations in And Another Thing, an exhibition which the authors curated in 2011, this volume documents both that exhibition and expands on two of its curatorial aims: prioritizing art historical contexts for contemporary philosophy (rather than the other way around), and apprehending artworks as historically specific objects of philosophy.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The book is organized in three sections. In the first section, Behar and Mikelson provide long-form essays that chart the evolution of nonanthropocentrism and art, spanning eighteenth-century architectural drawing, performance, minimalist sculpture, and contemporary postminimalism. These essays raise the stakes for art and speculative realism, showing how artists have figured and prefigured nonanthropocentric ideas strikingly similar to those expounded in various “new” realist, materialist, and speculativist philosophies. Literally occupying the center of the volume, in section two, the exhibition is represented by full-color plates of eleven works by Carl Andre, Laura Carton, Valie Export, Regina José Galindo, Tom Kotik, Mary Lucking, Bruce Nauman, Grit Ruhland, Anthony Titus, Ruslan Trusewych, and Zimoun. Artworks by these emerging and canonical figures lay bare the networks of alliances underlying the exhibition. The book concludes with three short meditations on the relation between nonanthropocentrism and art, and what that relation might portend for future thought. These essays, by Bill Brown, Patricia Ticineto Clough, and Robert Jackson, are speculative in the sense that they perceive potentials for theory arising from nonanthropocentrism’s manifestations in art.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In And Another Thing: Nonanthropocentrism and Art, Katherine Behar and Emmy Mikelson explore how artists engage with nonanthropocentrism, one of the primary tenets shared by recent speculative realist and new materialist philosophies. Extending their investigations in And Another Thing, an exhibition which the authors curated in 2011, this volume documents both that exhibition and expands on two of its curatorial aims: prioritizing art historical contexts for contemporary philosophy (rather than the other way around), and apprehending artworks as historically specific objects of philosophy.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The book is organized in three sections. In the first section, Behar and Mikelson provide long-form essays that chart the evolution of nonanthropocentrism and art, spanning eighteenth-century architectural drawing, performance, minimalist sculpture, and contemporary postminimalism. These essays raise the stakes for art and speculative realism, showing how artists have figured and prefigured nonanthropocentric ideas strikingly similar to those expounded in various “new” realist, materialist, and speculativist philosophies. Literally occupying the center of the volume, in section two, the exhibition is represented by full-color plates of eleven works by Carl Andre, Laura Carton, Valie Export, Regina José Galindo, Tom Kotik, Mary Lucking, Bruce Nauman, Grit Ruhland, Anthony Titus, Ruslan Trusewych, and Zimoun. Artworks by these emerging and canonical figures lay bare the networks of alliances underlying the exhibition. The book concludes with three short meditations on the relation between nonanthropocentrism and art, and what that relation might portend for future thought. These essays, by Bill Brown, Patricia Ticineto Clough, and Robert Jackson, are speculative in the sense that they perceive potentials for theory arising from nonanthropocentrism’s manifestations in art.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The impetus for this catalogue is an art exhibition, And Another Thing, which took place in 2011. Its focus concerned nonanthropocentrism, one of the primary tenets shared by various then-emerging philosophies grouped under the mantle of speculative realism. This volume serves to document that exhibition and to expand on two of its curatorial gambits: to prioritize art historical contexts for contemporary philosophy (rather than the other way around), and to apprehend artworks as historically specific objects of philosophy. This historical orientation distinguishes And Another Thingfrom more recent art world attention to speculative realism; both the early exhibition and this expanded catalogue are intended to highlight that contribution to ongoing interdisciplinary discussions.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The impetus for this catalogue is an art exhibition, And Another Thing, which took place in 2011. Its focus concerned nonanthropocentrism, one of the primary tenets shared by various then-emerging philosophies grouped under the mantle of speculative realism. This volume serves to document that exhibition and to expand on two of its curatorial gambits: to prioritize art historical contexts for contemporary philosophy (rather than the other way around), and to apprehend artworks as historically specific objects of philosophy. This historical orientation distinguishes And Another Thingfrom more recent art world attention to speculative realism; both the early exhibition and this expanded catalogue are intended to highlight that contribution to ongoing interdisciplinary discussions.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;At the heart of speculative realism (SR) and object-oriented ontology (OOO) is the notion of a flat ontology. Manuel DeLanda defines a flat ontology as “one made exclusively of unique, singular individuals, differing in spatio-temporal scale but not in ontological status.”1Within the context of SR and OOO, these “singular individuals” are human and nonhuman, animate and inanimate. The very notion of a flat ontology is spatial in its conception. It provides a spatial metaphor for a dense and complicated field of both interaction and isolation, where things (read as human and nonhuman) are at moments drawn in relation to one another, and at moments withdrawn and discrete.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;At the heart of speculative realism (SR) and object-oriented ontology (OOO) is the notion of a flat ontology. Manuel DeLanda defines a flat ontology as “one made exclusively of unique, singular individuals, differing in spatio-temporal scale but not in ontological status.”1Within the context of SR and OOO, these “singular individuals” are human and nonhuman, animate and inanimate. The very notion of a flat ontology is spatial in its conception. It provides a spatial metaphor for a dense and complicated field of both interaction and isolation, where things (read as human and nonhuman) are at moments drawn in relation to one another, and at moments withdrawn and discrete.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In his influential 1965 essay “Specific Objects,” sculp-tor Donald Judd surveyed the “new work” in painting and sculpture being created by his contemporaries in the New York scene. He noted with satisfaction that the “part by part” compositional structure he identified with European tradition and metaphoric “anthropo-morphism” was giving way to a holistic, environmental approach to three-dimensional space that he equated with a new kind of realism. “Three dimensions,” Judd wrote, “are real space. That gets rid of the problem of illusionism and of literal space, space in and around marks and colors—which is riddance of one of the salient and most objectionable relics of European art.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Valie Export’s A Perfect Pair (1987) reveals the insidious nature of commercialism by taking literally the idea that the body of a consumer can become a “walking billboard.” The video shows how a human subject’s autonomy is consumed and reduced to the point of becoming a floating signifier. Export emphasizes the already-objectified female subject of consumer capitalism, while also extending an equal-opportunity attitude toward male objectification.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Mary Lucking uses biofeedback technology to illustrate the tension between two bodies attempting to act in tandem. Her interactive installation Pas de Deux (2000) invites two participants to occupy an intersubjective space in which boundaries between self, other, and environment must be actively challenged and dissolved.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In Wall/Floor Positions (1968), Bruce Nauman leans, props, cantilevers, and rests his body on and against the wall and floor of his studio to imitate the manner in which minimalist sculpture is positioned in relation to gallery architecture. Nauman’s mimicry effaces his human significance by making his own body equivalent to the industrial materials deployed in early minimalist sculptures. Continuing minimalism’s exploration of space through relationships, the artist’s body is used as a material with which to measure and study the room’s dimensions.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;A gift for the unicellular organism paramecium, Grit Ruhland’s to-scale “slipper” is only viewable under a microscope. Ruhland collaborated with scientists at the Max Planck Institute for Cellbiology and Genetics to build Pantoffel für Pantoffeltierchen (2007), a slipper-shaped home for the slipper-shaped organism, also known as Pantoffeltierchen, or slipper animalcules. The use of scale makes this work at once humorous and an explicit rejection of anthropocentricism. The specific encounter between shelter and organism creates a closed system that positions the viewing human as outside and other.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;A gift for the unicellular organism paramecium, Grit Ruhland’s to-scale “slipper” is only viewable under a microscope. Ruhland collaborated with scientists at the Max Planck Institute for Cellbiology and Genetics to build Pantoffel für Pantoffeltierchen (2007), a slipper-shaped home for the slipper-shaped organism, also known as Pantoffeltierchen, or slipper animalcules. The use of scale makes this work at once humorous and an explicit rejection of anthropocentricism. The specific encounter between shelter and organism creates a closed system that positions the viewing human as outside and other.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Anthony Titus’s Empty Field 2 (2007) consists of an atmospheric screen print adhered to a high-gloss enamel wood support. A series of formal cuts and folds fractures the pictorial as well as the physical space, resulting in a destabilization of the notions of viewpoint and prospect, thereby blocking the viewing subject’s centrality.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Anthony Titus’s Empty Field 2 (2007) consists of an atmospheric screen print adhered to a high-gloss enamel wood support. A series of formal cuts and folds fractures the pictorial as well as the physical space, resulting in a destabilization of the notions of viewpoint and prospect, thereby blocking the viewing subject’s centrality.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Ruslan Trusewych’s installation This is the Way the World is (2005–2011) is composed of oscillating fans directed at a cluster of flickering night-lights whose subtle motion activates one another. The arrangement of night-lights and fans creates a closed system that exists outside of human intervention. This chaotic and random mode of communication explores entropy, even while staging a sense of equipoise.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Ruslan Trusewych’s installation This is the Way the World is (2005–2011) is composed of oscillating fans directed at a cluster of flickering night-lights whose subtle motion activates one another. The arrangement of night-lights and fans creates a closed system that exists outside of human intervention. This chaotic and random mode of communication explores entropy, even while staging a sense of equipoise.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Zimoun’s video of woodworms devouring a piece of wood masquerades as a still image, belying the intense activity playing out beyond human sight. In 25 woodworms, wood, microphone, sound system (2009), the audible element is the only hint at the concealed assemblage of woodworms and wood, an intersection between two things that is at once destructive and instructive.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Zimoun’s video of woodworms devouring a piece of wood masquerades as a still image, belying the intense activity playing out beyond human sight. In 25 woodworms, wood, microphone, sound system (2009), the audible element is the only hint at the concealed assemblage of woodworms and wood, an intersection between two things that is at once destructive and instructive.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Art has the habit of appearing in object form. The habit has been difficult to bring into sharp focus, though, no matter how aggressively art itself seems to summon us to do so. For all the scrutiny devoted to Las Meninas(1656) as a representation of representation (in the line of thinking that Michel Foucault established in The Order of Things [1966]), too little attention has been paid to the back side of the painting—that is, the image of the back side, the segmented stretcher supporting the monumental stretched canvas (the unevenness of its edges clearly visible), leaning against the large easel. Diego Velázquez does not expose this back side in a small gesture; it is a full-length drama. It is a drama that means to assert painting as a material act, and to assert the fact of the object form of painting, of the material support of the image, of the bulk of the production and the product. This is certainly not the point of the painting tout court, but it is a point in the painting, and an especially poignant point in our age of digital reproducibility when (as in André Malraux’s photographically mediated musée imaginaire) physical detail suffers the homogenization perpetrated by the image. As though in anticipation of his masterpiece’s ubiquitous reproduction, Velázquez bids his audience to remember: paintings have size and shape and weight.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Art has the habit of appearing in object form. The habit has been difficult to bring into sharp focus, though, no matter how aggressively art itself seems to summon us to do so. For all the scrutiny devoted to Las Meninas(1656) as a representation of representation (in the line of thinking that Michel Foucault established in The Order of Things [1966]), too little attention has been paid to the back side of the painting—that is, the image of the back side, the segmented stretcher supporting the monumental stretched canvas (the unevenness of its edges clearly visible), leaning against the large easel. Diego Velázquez does not expose this back side in a small gesture; it is a full-length drama. It is a drama that means to assert painting as a material act, and to assert the fact of the object form of painting, of the material support of the image, of the bulk of the production and the product. This is certainly not the point of the painting tout court, but it is a point in the painting, and an especially poignant point in our age of digital reproducibility when (as in André Malraux’s photographically mediated musée imaginaire) physical detail suffers the homogenization perpetrated by the image. As though in anticipation of his masterpiece’s ubiquitous reproduction, Velázquez bids his audience to remember: paintings have size and shape and weight.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In the often cited 1969 essay “Art After Philosophy,” Joseph Kosuth proclaimed that “all art (after Duchamp) is conceptual (in nature) because art only exists conceptually.”2 Kosuth argued that Duchamp’s historical role was to align art with conceptual function, separate from a sensual aesthetics of transcendence, the “morphological” form of which had traditionally made art favorable to conventional critical taste. Kosuth put his finger on the moment when art’s autonomy was finally separated from the philosophy of aesthetics, with a smug declaration signaling “the end of philosophy and the beginning of art.”3 The relevance of discrete, portable art objects receded, and the linguistic, functional character of art as concept was foregrounded.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In the often cited 1969 essay “Art After Philosophy,” Joseph Kosuth proclaimed that “all art (after Duchamp) is conceptual (in nature) because art only exists conceptually.”2 Kosuth argued that Duchamp’s historical role was to align art with conceptual function, separate from a sensual aesthetics of transcendence, the “morphological” form of which had traditionally made art favorable to conventional critical taste. Kosuth put his finger on the moment when art’s autonomy was finally separated from the philosophy of aesthetics, with a smug declaration signaling “the end of philosophy and the beginning of art.”3 The relevance of discrete, portable art objects receded, and the linguistic, functional character of art as concept was foregrounded.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In their curatorial statement, Katherine Behar and Emmy Mikelson propose that the exhibition And Another Thing was meant to critically engage the privilege of the human in relation to art, materialism, and the recent turn to ontology in the philosophical movements known as speculative realism and object-oriented ontologies. Here, I also want to engage the ontological turn, its reconception of materialism and the privilege of the human, while giving special attention to developments in media technology. After all, nearly all media technological developments have raised questions about the human in that they often trouble, if not transform, the relationship of time and space, memory and forgetting, embodiment and disembodiment, privacy and exposure, individual and collective, matter and life. In this sense, the development of a new media technology often is traumatic while providing a unique form of transmitting trauma. As Marshall McLuhan put it: “The emergence of a new media is too violent and superstimulated a social experience for the central nervous system simply to endure.”1 It is the usual relationship, or perhaps I should say the usual opposition of life and matter, that is central in this most recent ontological turn, a turn, I would propose, that is especially resonant with the traumatic changes wrought with the development of digital technologies.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In their curatorial statement, Katherine Behar and Emmy Mikelson propose that the exhibition And Another Thing was meant to critically engage the privilege of the human in relation to art, materialism, and the recent turn to ontology in the philosophical movements known as speculative realism and object-oriented ontologies. Here, I also want to engage the ontological turn, its reconception of materialism and the privilege of the human, while giving special attention to developments in media technology. After all, nearly all media technological developments have raised questions about the human in that they often trouble, if not transform, the relationship of time and space, memory and forgetting, embodiment and disembodiment, privacy and exposure, individual and collective, matter and life. In this sense, the development of a new media technology often is traumatic while providing a unique form of transmitting trauma. As Marshall McLuhan put it: “The emergence of a new media is too violent and superstimulated a social experience for the central nervous system simply to endure.”1 It is the usual relationship, or perhaps I should say the usual opposition of life and matter, that is central in this most recent ontological turn, a turn, I would propose, that is especially resonant with the traumatic changes wrought with the development of digital technologies.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In And Another Thing: Nonanthropocentrism and Art, Katherine Behar and Emmy Mikelson explore how artists engage with nonanthropocentrism, one of the primary tenets shared by recent speculative realist and new materialist philosophies. Extending their investigations in And Another Thing, an exhibition which the authors curated in 2011, this volume documents both that exhibition and expands on two of its curatorial aims: prioritizing art historical contexts for contemporary philosophy (rather than the other way around), and apprehending artworks as historically specific objects of philosophy.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The book is organized in three sections. In the first section, Behar and Mikelson provide long-form essays that chart the evolution of nonanthropocentrism and art, spanning eighteenth-century architectural drawing, performance, minimalist sculpture, and contemporary postminimalism. These essays raise the stakes for art and speculative realism, showing how artists have figured and prefigured nonanthropocentric ideas strikingly similar to those expounded in various “new” realist, materialist, and speculativist philosophies. Literally occupying the center of the volume, in section two, the exhibition is represented by full-color plates of eleven works by Carl Andre, Laura Carton, Valie Export, Regina José Galindo, Tom Kotik, Mary Lucking, Bruce Nauman, Grit Ruhland, Anthony Titus, Ruslan Trusewych, and Zimoun. Artworks by these emerging and canonical figures lay bare the networks of alliances underlying the exhibition. The book concludes with three short meditations on the relation between nonanthropocentrism and art, and what that relation might portend for future thought. These essays, by Bill Brown, Patricia Ticineto Clough, and Robert Jackson, are speculative in the sense that they perceive potentials for theory arising from nonanthropocentrism’s manifestations in art.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In And Another Thing: Nonanthropocentrism and Art, Katherine Behar and Emmy Mikelson explore how artists engage with nonanthropocentrism, one of the primary tenets shared by recent speculative realist and new materialist philosophies. Extending their investigations in And Another Thing, an exhibition which the authors curated in 2011, this volume documents both that exhibition and expands on two of its curatorial aims: prioritizing art historical contexts for contemporary philosophy (rather than the other way around), and apprehending artworks as historically specific objects of philosophy.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The book is organized in three sections. In the first section, Behar and Mikelson provide long-form essays that chart the evolution of nonanthropocentrism and art, spanning eighteenth-century architectural drawing, performance, minimalist sculpture, and contemporary postminimalism. These essays raise the stakes for art and speculative realism, showing how artists have figured and prefigured nonanthropocentric ideas strikingly similar to those expounded in various “new” realist, materialist, and speculativist philosophies. Literally occupying the center of the volume, in section two, the exhibition is represented by full-color plates of eleven works by Carl Andre, Laura Carton, Valie Export, Regina José Galindo, Tom Kotik, Mary Lucking, Bruce Nauman, Grit Ruhland, Anthony Titus, Ruslan Trusewych, and Zimoun. Artworks by these emerging and canonical figures lay bare the networks of alliances underlying the exhibition. The book concludes with three short meditations on the relation between nonanthropocentrism and art, and what that relation might portend for future thought. These essays, by Bill Brown, Patricia Ticineto Clough, and Robert Jackson, are speculative in the sense that they perceive potentials for theory arising from nonanthropocentrism’s manifestations in art.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Anglo-Saxon(ist) Pasts, postSaxon Futures traces the integral role that colonialism and racism play in the field formerly known as Anglo-Saxon studies by tracking the development of the “Anglo-Saxonist,” an overtly racialized term that describes a person whose affinities point towards white nationalism. That scholars continue to call themselves “Anglo-Saxonists,” despite urgent calls to combat racism within the field, suggests that this term is much more than just a professional appellative. It is, this book argues, a ghost in the machine of early medieval studies—a spectral figure created by a group of nineteenth-century historians, archaeologists, and philologists responsible for not only framing the interdisciplinary field of "Anglo-Saxon" studies but for also encoding ideologies of British colonialism and Anglo-American racism within the field’s methods and pedagogies.Anglo-Saxon(ist) pasts, postSaxon Futures is at once a historiography of Anglo-Saxon studies, a mourning of its Anglo-Saxonist “fathers,” and an exorcism of the colonial-racial ghosts that lurk within the field’s scholarly methods and pedagogies. Part intellectual history, part grief work, this book leverages the genres of literary criticism, auto-ethnography, and creative nonfiction in order to confront Anglo-Saxonist pasts in order to imagine speculative postSaxon futures inclusive of voices and bodies heretofore excluded from the field formerly known as Anglo-Saxon studies.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Anglo-Saxon(ist) Pasts, postSaxon Futures traces the integral role that colonialism and racism play in the field formerly known as Anglo-Saxon studies by tracking the development of the “Anglo-Saxonist,” an overtly racialized term that describes a person whose affinities point towards white nationalism. That scholars continue to call themselves “Anglo-Saxonists,” despite urgent calls to combat racism within the field, suggests that this term is much more than just a professional appellative. It is, this book argues, a ghost in the machine of early medieval studies—a spectral figure created by a group of nineteenth-century historians, archaeologists, and philologists responsible for not only framing the interdisciplinary field of "Anglo-Saxon" studies but for also encoding ideologies of British colonialism and Anglo-American racism within the field’s methods and pedagogies.Anglo-Saxon(ist) pasts, postSaxon Futures is at once a historiography of Anglo-Saxon studies, a mourning of its Anglo-Saxonist “fathers,” and an exorcism of the colonial-racial ghosts that lurk within the field’s scholarly methods and pedagogies. Part intellectual history, part grief work, this book leverages the genres of literary criticism, auto-ethnography, and creative nonfiction in order to confront Anglo-Saxonist pasts in order to imagine speculative postSaxon futures inclusive of voices and bodies heretofore excluded from the field formerly known as Anglo-Saxon studies.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Anglo-Saxon(ist) Pasts, postSaxon Futures traces the integral role that colonialism and racism play in the field formerly known as Anglo-Saxon studies by tracking the development of the “Anglo-Saxonist,” an overtly racialized term that describes a person whose affinities point towards white nationalism. That scholars continue to call themselves “Anglo-Saxonists,” despite urgent calls to combat racism within the field, suggests that this term is much more than just a professional appellative. It is, this book argues, a ghost in the machine of early medieval studies—a spectral figure created by a group of nineteenth-century historians, archaeologists, and philologists responsible for not only framing the interdisciplinary field of "Anglo-Saxon" studies but for also encoding ideologies of British colonialism and Anglo-American racism within the field’s methods and pedagogies.Anglo-Saxon(ist) pasts, postSaxon Futures is at once a historiography of Anglo-Saxon studies, a mourning of its Anglo-Saxonist “fathers,” and an exorcism of the colonial-racial ghosts that lurk within the field’s scholarly methods and pedagogies. Part intellectual history, part grief work, this book leverages the genres of literary criticism, auto-ethnography, and creative nonfiction in order to confront Anglo-Saxonist pasts in order to imagine speculative postSaxon futures inclusive of voices and bodies heretofore excluded from the field formerly known as Anglo-Saxon studies.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Anglo-Saxon(ist) Pasts, postSaxon Futures traces the integral role that colonialism and racism play in the field formerly known as Anglo-Saxon studies by tracking the development of the “Anglo-Saxonist,” an overtly racialized term that describes a person whose affinities point towards white nationalism. That scholars continue to call themselves “Anglo-Saxonists,” despite urgent calls to combat racism within the field, suggests that this term is much more than just a professional appellative. It is, this book argues, a ghost in the machine of early medieval studies—a spectral figure created by a group of nineteenth-century historians, archaeologists, and philologists responsible for not only framing the interdisciplinary field of "Anglo-Saxon" studies but for also encoding ideologies of British colonialism and Anglo-American racism within the field’s methods and pedagogies.Anglo-Saxon(ist) pasts, postSaxon Futures is at once a historiography of Anglo-Saxon studies, a mourning of its Anglo-Saxonist “fathers,” and an exorcism of the colonial-racial ghosts that lurk within the field’s scholarly methods and pedagogies. Part intellectual history, part grief work, this book leverages the genres of literary criticism, auto-ethnography, and creative nonfiction in order to confront Anglo-Saxonist pasts in order to imagine speculative postSaxon futures inclusive of voices and bodies heretofore excluded from the field formerly known as Anglo-Saxon studies.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Animal Emotions: How They Drive Human Behavior gives a concise overview of ancient mammalian emotions deeply rooted in the human brain. Jaak Panksepp, a world-renowned neuroscientist, dedicated his life career to the study of mammalian emotions and he carved out seven distinct emotional systems he called seeking, lust, care, and play (positive emotions), and fear, anger, and sadness (negative emotions), all exerting a tremendous influence on human behavior.Christian Montag, a neuroscientist and psychologist, and a long-time collaborator of Jaak Panksepp, revisits together with Kenneth L. Davis, one of Jaak’s PhD students, Panksepp’s theories and provides the reader with new insights into the nature of emotions and their role as survival tools, both for animals and for humans. They also raise new questions about the background of the research field Jaak Panksepp coined "Affective Neuroscience." How are personality and psychopathology linked to animal emotions? Do animals feel the same way as we do? What are our emotional needs in a digital society, and what is key to a happy life?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Animal Emotions: How They Drive Human Behavior gives a concise overview of ancient mammalian emotions deeply rooted in the human brain. Jaak Panksepp, a world-renowned neuroscientist, dedicated his life career to the study of mammalian emotions and he carved out seven distinct emotional systems he called seeking, lust, care, and play (positive emotions), and fear, anger, and sadness (negative emotions), all exerting a tremendous influence on human behavior.Christian Montag, a neuroscientist and psychologist, and a long-time collaborator of Jaak Panksepp, revisits together with Kenneth L. Davis, one of Jaak’s PhD students, Panksepp’s theories and provides the reader with new insights into the nature of emotions and their role as survival tools, both for animals and for humans. They also raise new questions about the background of the research field Jaak Panksepp coined "Affective Neuroscience." How are personality and psychopathology linked to animal emotions? Do animals feel the same way as we do? What are our emotional needs in a digital society, and what is key to a happy life?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Animal Emotions: How They Drive Human Behavior gives a concise overview of ancient mammalian emotions deeply rooted in the human brain. Jaak Panksepp, a world-renowned neuroscientist, dedicated his life career to the study of mammalian emotions and he carved out seven distinct emotional systems he called seeking, lust, care, and play (positive emotions), and fear, anger, and sadness (negative emotions), all exerting a tremendous influence on human behavior.Christian Montag, a neuroscientist and psychologist, and a long-time collaborator of Jaak Panksepp, revisits together with Kenneth L. Davis, one of Jaak’s PhD students, Panksepp’s theories and provides the reader with new insights into the nature of emotions and their role as survival tools, both for animals and for humans. They also raise new questions about the background of the research field Jaak Panksepp coined "Affective Neuroscience." How are personality and psychopathology linked to animal emotions? Do animals feel the same way as we do? What are our emotional needs in a digital society, and what is key to a happy life?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Animal Emotions: How They Drive Human Behavior gives a concise overview of ancient mammalian emotions deeply rooted in the human brain. Jaak Panksepp, a world-renowned neuroscientist, dedicated his life career to the study of mammalian emotions and he carved out seven distinct emotional systems he called seeking, lust, care, and play (positive emotions), and fear, anger, and sadness (negative emotions), all exerting a tremendous influence on human behavior.Christian Montag, a neuroscientist and psychologist, and a long-time collaborator of Jaak Panksepp, revisits together with Kenneth L. Davis, one of Jaak’s PhD students, Panksepp’s theories and provides the reader with new insights into the nature of emotions and their role as survival tools, both for animals and for humans. They also raise new questions about the background of the research field Jaak Panksepp coined "Affective Neuroscience." How are personality and psychopathology linked to animal emotions? Do animals feel the same way as we do? What are our emotional needs in a digital society, and what is key to a happy life?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Animal, Mineral, Vegetable examines what happens when we cease to assume that only humans exert agency. Through a careful examination of medieval, early modern and contemporary lifeworlds, these essays collectively argue against ecological anthropocentricity. Sheep, wolves, camels, flowers, chairs, magnets, landscapes, refuse and gems are more than mere objects. They act; they withdraw; they make demands; they connect within lively networks that might foster a new humanism, or that might proceed with indifference towards human affairs. Through what ethics do we respond to these activities and forces? To what futures do these creatures and objects invite us, especially when they appear within the texts and cultures of the “distant” past?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <PersonName>Jeffrey Jerome Cohen</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Introduction</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">All Things</Subtitle>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Though superseded by a newer translation, Denton Fox and  Hermann  Pálsson’s  version of Grettir’s  Sagais  a text to   which I feel a considerable attachment.1 Its rendering  of  the  Old  Norse  narrative  is  crisp  and  lucid, capturing the austere yet wry style of the original prose.  Even  more  than  its  artistry,  though,  what  compels  me about  the  Fox  and  Pálsson  translation  is  the  series  of photographs  with  which  the  book  begins.  Between  the introduction   and   the   story’s   instigation   have   been inserted   twelve   poorly   reproduced   black   and   white pictures   depicting   locales   mentioned   in   the   saga. Unattributed and unpaginated, this interlude of images captures     the     multiplicity     of     histories,     real     and imagined,  that  animate  the  Icelandic  narrative  and  its English reworking: a seeming timelessness in which the landscape  is  ever  as  it  has  been;  the  ninth  through eleventh centuries, when Grettir and his ancestors were supposed  to  have  journeyed  these  frigid  expanses;  the early   fourteenth   century,   when   the   saga’s   unknown author dreamt  a  past  that  never  was  and  placed  its unfolding  action  at  familiar  fjords,  glaciers,  and  vales; and  the  1970s,  when  Fox  and  Pálsson  published  their English  translation  of Grettir’s  Saga,  the  first  in  sixty years.  The  initial  photograph,  for  example, is  labeled “Bjarg  in  Midfjord,  site  of  Grettir’s  birth.”  The  image depicts   an   undulation   of   grass,   a   lone   rock,   and   a distant    mountain—presumably    Kaldbak,    the    chilly ridge   that   Grettir’s   great-grandfather   Onund   darkly spoke  of  having  traded  his  Norwegian  grain  fields  to possess. Yet the picture also contains a farmhouse that if  not  exactly  modern  is  in  no  way  medieval,  with  its bright  paint,  three  expansive  levels,  and  chimney.  The telephone poles and curve of road quietly argue against placing  a  young  Grettir  within  that  home.  Yet  the  story radiates such a keen sense of domestic vitality that it is difficult  to  resist  thinking  of  this  boy  destined  for  a  life no  farm  could  contain,  creating  his  particular  brand  of chaos  within  that  pastoral  space.  Every  time  I  look  at the  photo  I  expect  to  see  geese  and  a  horse,  futilely fleeing   his   juvenile   rage;   or   his   beleaguered   dad, storming  out  of  the  farmhouse  after  telling  a  young Grettir  one  more  time  that  he  has  made  a very  bad choice.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Though superseded by a newer translation, Denton Fox and  Hermann  Pálsson’s  version of Grettir’s  Sagais  a text to   which I feel a considerable attachment.1 Its rendering  of  the  Old  Norse  narrative  is  crisp  and  lucid, capturing the austere yet wry style of the original prose.  Even  more  than  its  artistry,  though,  what  compels  me about  the  Fox  and  Pálsson  translation  is  the  series  of photographs  with  which  the  book  begins.  Between  the introduction   and   the   story’s   instigation   have   been inserted   twelve   poorly   reproduced   black   and   white pictures   depicting   locales   mentioned   in   the   saga. Unattributed and unpaginated, this interlude of images captures     the     multiplicity     of     histories,     real     and imagined,  that  animate  the  Icelandic  narrative  and  its English reworking: a seeming timelessness in which the landscape  is  ever  as  it  has  been;  the  ninth  through eleventh centuries, when Grettir and his ancestors were supposed  to  have  journeyed  these  frigid  expanses;  the early   fourteenth   century,   when   the   saga’s   unknown author dreamt  a  past  that  never  was  and  placed  its unfolding  action  at  familiar  fjords,  glaciers,  and  vales; and  the  1970s,  when  Fox  and  Pálsson  published  their English  translation  of Grettir’s  Saga,  the  first  in  sixty years.  The  initial  photograph,  for  example, is  labeled “Bjarg  in  Midfjord,  site  of  Grettir’s  birth.”  The  image depicts   an   undulation   of   grass,   a   lone   rock,   and   a distant    mountain—presumably    Kaldbak,    the    chilly ridge   that   Grettir’s   great-grandfather   Onund   darkly spoke  of  having  traded  his  Norwegian  grain  fields  to possess. Yet the picture also contains a farmhouse that if  not  exactly  modern  is  in  no  way  medieval,  with  its bright  paint,  three  expansive  levels,  and  chimney.  The telephone poles and curve of road quietly argue against placing  a  young  Grettir  within  that  home.  Yet  the  story radiates such a keen sense of domestic vitality that it is difficult  to  resist  thinking  of  this  boy  destined  for  a  life no  farm  could  contain,  creating  his  particular  brand  of chaos  within  that  pastoral  space.  Every  time  I  look  at the  photo  I  expect  to  see  geese  and  a  horse,  futilely fleeing   his   juvenile   rage;   or   his   beleaguered   dad, storming  out  of  the  farmhouse  after  telling  a  young Grettir  one  more  time  that  he  has  made  a very  bad choice.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">With the World, or Bound to Face the Sky</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">the Postures of the Wild-Child of Hesse</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Karl Steel</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>Brooklyn College</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The  Chronicle  of  the  Benedictine  monastery  of  Saint Peter  of  Erfurt,  in  Thuringia,  includes  two  records  of boys raised by wolves: 1304 Anno Domini MCCCIIII. Quidam puer in partibus  Hassie  est deprehensus.  Hic,  sicut postea cognitum est, et sicut ipse retulit, cum trium  esset  annorum,  a  lupis  est  captus  et mirabiliter    educatus.    Nam,    quamcumque predam   lupi   pro   cibo   rapuerant,   semper meliorem  partem  sumentes  et  arbori  circum-iacientes     ipsi     ad     vorandum     tribuebant. Tempore    vero    hiemis    et    frigoris    foveam facientes,  folia  arborum  et  alias  herbas  impo-nentes, puerum superponebant, et se circum-ponentes,   sic   eum   a   frigore   defendebant; ipsum   eciam   manibus   et   pedibus   repere cogebant  et  secum  currere  tamdiu,  quod  ex use  eorum  velocitatem  imitabatur  et  saltus maximos   faciebat.   Hic   deprehensus   lignis circumligatis  erectus  ire  ad  humanam  simili-tudinem  cogebatur.  Idem  vero  puer  sepius dicebat  se  multo  carius  cum  lupis,  si  in  se esset,  quam  cum  hominibus  diligere  conver-sari.   Hic   puer   in   curiam   Heinrici   principis Hassie pro spectaculo est allatus.1[A  certain  boy  in  the  region  of  Hesse  was seized.  This  boy,  as  was  known  afterwards, and  just  as  the  boy  told  it  himself,  was  taken by  wolves  when  he  was  three  years old  and raised  up  wondrously.  For,  whatever  prey  the wolves snatched for food, they would take the better part and allot it to him to eat while they lay  around  a  tree.  In  the  time  of  winter  and cold, they made a pit, and they put the leaves of  trees  and  other  plants  in  it,  and  placed them  on  the  boy,  surrounding  him  to  protect him from the cold; they also compelled him to creep on hands and feet and to run with them for   a   long   time,   from   which   practice   he imitated their speed and was able to make the greatest  leaps.  When  he  was  seized,  he  was bound with wood to compel him to go erect in a  human  likeness.  However,  this  boy  often said   that   if   it   were   up   to   him   he   much preferred  to  live  among  wolves  than  among men.  This  boy  was  conveyed  to  the  court  of Henry, Prince of Hesse, for a spectacle.]&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The  Chronicle  of  the  Benedictine  monastery  of  Saint Peter  of  Erfurt,  in  Thuringia,  includes  two  records  of boys raised by wolves: 1304 Anno Domini MCCCIIII. Quidam puer in partibus  Hassie  est deprehensus.  Hic,  sicut postea cognitum est, et sicut ipse retulit, cum trium  esset  annorum,  a  lupis  est  captus  et mirabiliter    educatus.    Nam,    quamcumque predam   lupi   pro   cibo   rapuerant,   semper meliorem  partem  sumentes  et  arbori  circum-iacientes     ipsi     ad     vorandum     tribuebant. Tempore    vero    hiemis    et    frigoris    foveam facientes,  folia  arborum  et  alias  herbas  impo-nentes, puerum superponebant, et se circum-ponentes,   sic   eum   a   frigore   defendebant; ipsum   eciam   manibus   et   pedibus   repere cogebant  et  secum  currere  tamdiu,  quod  ex use  eorum  velocitatem  imitabatur  et  saltus maximos   faciebat.   Hic   deprehensus   lignis circumligatis  erectus  ire  ad  humanam  simili-tudinem  cogebatur.  Idem  vero  puer  sepius dicebat  se  multo  carius  cum  lupis,  si  in  se esset,  quam  cum  hominibus  diligere  conver-sari.   Hic   puer   in   curiam   Heinrici   principis Hassie pro spectaculo est allatus.1[A  certain  boy  in  the  region  of  Hesse  was seized.  This  boy,  as  was  known  afterwards, and  just  as  the  boy  told  it  himself,  was  taken by  wolves  when  he  was  three  years old  and raised  up  wondrously.  For,  whatever  prey  the wolves snatched for food, they would take the better part and allot it to him to eat while they lay  around  a  tree.  In  the  time  of  winter  and cold, they made a pit, and they put the leaves of  trees  and  other  plants  in  it,  and  placed them  on  the  boy,  surrounding  him  to  protect him from the cold; they also compelled him to creep on hands and feet and to run with them for   a   long   time,   from   which   practice   he imitated their speed and was able to make the greatest  leaps.  When  he  was  seized,  he  was bound with wood to compel him to go erect in a  human  likeness.  However,  this  boy  often said   that   if   it   were   up   to   him   he   much preferred  to  live  among  wolves  than  among men.  This  boy  was  conveyed  to  the  court  of Henry, Prince of Hesse, for a spectacle.]&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <PersonName>Steel, Karl</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>University of California, Santa Cruz</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In  the  opening  scene  of  the Chanson  de  Roland,  the pagan king Marsile sends Charlemagne an offer of gifts, tribute,  and  loyalty  if  the  Franks  will  lift  their  siege  of Saragossa   and   go   home.   The   suggestion   originally comes from Blancandrin, Marsile’s respected and most trusted advisor: Mandez Carlun, a l’orguillus, al fier,Fedeilz servises e mult granz amistez:Vos li durrez urs e leons e chens,Set cenz camelz e mil hosturs müers,D’or e d’argent quatre cenz muls cargez,Cinquante carre qu’en ferat carïer. (ll. 28–33)1[To the proud and haughty Charles, send your loyal   (feudal)   service   and   great   friendship. [Say]  you  will  give  him  bears,  lions,  and  dogs, 700   camels   and   1000   molted   hawks,   400 mules  loaded  with  gold  and  silver,  50  carts  to haul it all away.]&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In  the  opening  scene  of  the Chanson  de  Roland,  the pagan king Marsile sends Charlemagne an offer of gifts, tribute,  and  loyalty  if  the  Franks  will  lift  their  siege  of Saragossa   and   go   home.   The   suggestion   originally comes from Blancandrin, Marsile’s respected and most trusted advisor: Mandez Carlun, a l’orguillus, al fier,Fedeilz servises e mult granz amistez:Vos li durrez urs e leons e chens,Set cenz camelz e mil hosturs müers,D’or e d’argent quatre cenz muls cargez,Cinquante carre qu’en ferat carïer. (ll. 28–33)1[To the proud and haughty Charles, send your loyal   (feudal)   service   and   great   friendship. [Say]  you  will  give  him  bears,  lions,  and  dogs, 700   camels   and   1000   molted   hawks,   400 mules  loaded  with  gold  and  silver,  50  carts  to haul it all away.]&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <PersonName>Kinoshita, Sharon</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">The Floral and the Human</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Peggy McCracken</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>University of Michigan–Ann Arbor</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In  twelfth-century  versions  of  the Roman  d’Alexandre, among  the  many  curious  beings  Alexander  the  Great encounters  during  his  exploration  of  India,  we  find  a group  of  floral-human  beings.1 After  many  days  in  the  desert,  Alexander  and  his  men  come  to  a  forest  and they see there a maiden sitting at the base of every tree. The  forest  provides  for  the  maidens—whatever  they might wish for in the morning, they receive by evening. The   flower   maidens   are   somehow   bonded   to   the sheltering  wood.  They  will  die  if  they  leave  the  shadow of its trees. When winter comes, they disappear into the ground,   and   when   the   summer   returns   with   warm weather,  they  are  reborn  as  white  flowers.  The  flowers hold  the  maidens’  human  form  and  the  petals  become dresses for the women. When  Alexander  and  his  men  arrive  in  the  forest, the  flower  maidens  welcome  them  eagerly.  There  is nothing  these  maidens  love  more  than  men,  the  text tells  us,  and  Alexander’s  men  have  never  seen  more beautiful   women.2 Indeed,   Alexander   is “troubled” (effreés,  l.  3367)  by  the  sight  of  such  beautiful  creaturesand  he  declares  that  he  and  his  army  will  stay  with them  for  four  days.  When  his  men  enter  the  forest,  the maidens receive them without hesitation. Each chooses a soldier, and encourages him to pursue his desires.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In  twelfth-century  versions  of  the Roman  d’Alexandre, among  the  many  curious  beings  Alexander  the  Great encounters  during  his  exploration  of  India,  we  find  a group  of  floral-human  beings.1 After  many  days  in  the  desert,  Alexander  and  his  men  come  to  a  forest  and they see there a maiden sitting at the base of every tree. The  forest  provides  for  the  maidens—whatever  they might wish for in the morning, they receive by evening. The   flower   maidens   are   somehow   bonded   to   the sheltering  wood.  They  will  die  if  they  leave  the  shadow of its trees. When winter comes, they disappear into the ground,   and   when   the   summer   returns   with   warm weather,  they  are  reborn  as  white  flowers.  The  flowers hold  the  maidens’  human  form  and  the  petals  become dresses for the women. When  Alexander  and  his  men  arrive  in  the  forest, the  flower  maidens  welcome  them  eagerly.  There  is nothing  these  maidens  love  more  than  men,  the  text tells  us,  and  Alexander’s  men  have  never  seen  more beautiful   women.2 Indeed,   Alexander   is “troubled” (effreés,  l.  3367)  by  the  sight  of  such  beautiful  creaturesand  he  declares  that  he  and  his  army  will  stay  with them  for  four  days.  When  his  men  enter  the  forest,  the maidens receive them without hesitation. Each chooses a soldier, and encourages him to pursue his desires.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>McCracken, Peggy</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Exemplary Rocks</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Kellie Roberston</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>University of Wisconsin-Madison</Affiliation>
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              <IDValue>047s2c258</IDValue>
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            <Affiliation>University of Maryland, College Park</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Rocks  are  usually  synonymous  with  insentience:  to  say that  so-and-so  has “a  heart  of  stone”  or  is “dumber than  a  box  of  rocks”  is  to  give  insult  by  degrading  the dynamic  into  the  inert.  In  such  comparisons,  the  rock contaminates the human to the extent that the latter is drained   of   all   sensation   and   vitality.   Such   popular wisdom is codified into metaphysical precept in Heide-gger’s attempt to define “world” by parsing it according to levels of perceived sentience and a capacity for active engagement  with  the  environment.  Heidegger’s  theses have  been  much  discussed  by  critics  interested  in “the animal”  and “the  human:”  both  Derrida  and  Agamben lament how these rigid categories obscure the common ground   of   animality   and   humanity   especially   with respect  to  language.  Despite  this  desire  to  resist  the singularity  of  the  human,  it  is  only  recently  that  critics such  as  Graham  Harman,  Jane  Bennett,  and  (within Medieval  Studies)  Jeffrey  J.  Cohen  have  challenged  the third leg of Heidegger’s ontological stool: the poverty of the inanimate world.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Rocks  are  usually  synonymous  with  insentience:  to  say that  so-and-so  has “a  heart  of  stone”  or  is “dumber than  a  box  of  rocks”  is  to  give  insult  by  degrading  the dynamic  into  the  inert.  In  such  comparisons,  the  rock contaminates the human to the extent that the latter is drained   of   all   sensation   and   vitality.   Such   popular wisdom is codified into metaphysical precept in Heide-gger’s attempt to define “world” by parsing it according to levels of perceived sentience and a capacity for active engagement  with  the  environment.  Heidegger’s  theses have  been  much  discussed  by  critics  interested  in “the animal”  and “the  human:”  both  Derrida  and  Agamben lament how these rigid categories obscure the common ground   of   animality   and   humanity   especially   with respect  to  language.  Despite  this  desire  to  resist  the singularity  of  the  human,  it  is  only  recently  that  critics such  as  Graham  Harman,  Jane  Bennett,  and  (within Medieval  Studies)  Jeffrey  J.  Cohen  have  challenged  the third leg of Heidegger’s ontological stool: the poverty of the inanimate world.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Roberston, Kellie</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Mineral Virtue</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Valerie Allen</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Valerie</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Allen</KeyNames>
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            <Affiliation>John Jay College of Criminal Justice</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;“I became a wanderer, making long journeys to mining districts, so that I could learn by observation the nature of  metals,”  writes  Albertus  Magnus  in  his  treatise De Mineralibus.1 Perhaps   it   was   then   that   he   asked   so “assiduously  in  different  parts  of  the  world”  after  a complete  text  of  the Lapidary  of  Aristotle,  a  work  he only  knew  through  excerpts.2 Albert’s  hardships  testify to  his  commitment  to  the  rigors  of  natural  science (physica), the evidentiary standards of which are higher than  for  astrology  or  magic,  draw  as  he  still  does  from those lesser authorities.3 But Albert has his limits, being quick  to  demarcate  between   science  and  divinatory practices  of  geomancy,  necromancy,  and  so  on—all “nonsensomancy” [garamantia], as he likes to call it.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;“I became a wanderer, making long journeys to mining districts, so that I could learn by observation the nature of  metals,”  writes  Albertus  Magnus  in  his  treatise De Mineralibus.1 Perhaps   it   was   then   that   he   asked   so “assiduously  in  different  parts  of  the  world”  after  a complete  text  of  the Lapidary  of  Aristotle,  a  work  he only  knew  through  excerpts.2 Albert’s  hardships  testify to  his  commitment  to  the  rigors  of  natural  science (physica), the evidentiary standards of which are higher than  for  astrology  or  magic,  draw  as  he  still  does  from those lesser authorities.3 But Albert has his limits, being quick  to  demarcate  between   science  and  divinatory practices  of  geomancy,  necromancy,  and  so  on—all “nonsensomancy” [garamantia], as he likes to call it.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Allen, Valeria</PersonName>
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            <IDValue>10.21983/P3.0006.1.08</IDValue>
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            <TitleText language="eng">You Are Here</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">A Manifesto</Subtitle>
          </TitleElement>
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          <ContributorRole>A01</ContributorRole>
          <NameIdentifier>
            <NameIDType>21</NameIDType>
            <IDValue>0000000253093189</IDValue>
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          <PersonName>Eileen A. Joy</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Eileen A.</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Joy</KeyNames>
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              <AffiliationIDType>40</AffiliationIDType>
              <IDValue>04cqs5j56</IDValue>
            </AffiliationIdentifier>
            <Affiliation>Southern Illinois University Edwardsville</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Imagine a piece of paper, completely blank, except for a small  black  dot  directly  in  the  center.  And  then  a  small arrow pointing to the dot, and next to that, the phrase is written,  “You  Are  Here.”  Strictly  speaking,  the  dot  is where you are. Paraphrasing Italo Calvino’s short story, “All At One Point,” which describes the time before the universe  expanded,  when  all  of  matter  was  concen-trated in a single point, and everyone and everything, in the  words  of  the  narrator, “was  packed  in  there  like sardines,”2 every  point  of  each  of  us  coincides  with every  point  of  everyone  else  in  a  single  point,  which  is where  we  all  are.  There  is  nowhere  else.  The  idea  of distance,  or  separation,  or  estrangement,  is  a  dream. Which is not to say we should not mind the gaps.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Imagine a piece of paper, completely blank, except for a small  black  dot  directly  in  the  center.  And  then  a  small arrow pointing to the dot, and next to that, the phrase is written,  “You  Are  Here.”  Strictly  speaking,  the  dot  is where you are. Paraphrasing Italo Calvino’s short story, “All At One Point,” which describes the time before the universe  expanded,  when  all  of  matter  was  concen-trated in a single point, and everyone and everything, in the  words  of  the  narrator, “was  packed  in  there  like sardines,”2 every  point  of  each  of  us  coincides  with every  point  of  everyone  else  in  a  single  point,  which  is where  we  all  are.  There  is  nowhere  else.  The  idea  of distance,  or  separation,  or  estrangement,  is  a  dream. Which is not to say we should not mind the gaps.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <ContentAudience>00</ContentAudience>
          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Joy, Eileen A. </PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Sheep Tracks</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">A Multi-Species Impression</Subtitle>
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          <ContributorRole>A01</ContributorRole>
          <PersonName>Julian Yates</PersonName>
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          <KeyNames>Yates</KeyNames>
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              <IDValue>01sbq1a82</IDValue>
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            <Affiliation>University of Delaware</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;By chance, I wrote these last words on the rim of Vesuvius, right near Pompeii, less that eight years ago. For more than twenty years, each time I’ve returned to Naples, I’ve thought of her. Who better than the Gradiva, I said to myself this time, the Gradiva of Jensen and of Freud, could illustrate this outbidding in the mal d’archive? Jacques Derrida, Archive Fever: A Freudian Impression Here,  in  a  postscript  to Archive  Fever,  Jacques  Derrida tells  an  autobiographical  or  pseudo-autobiographical story  of  how  it  is  that  he  came  to  write  these  words. Covering  his  tracks  as  he  appears  to  uncover  them, back-tracking  over  the  marks  on  paper  that  are  now variously   hosted   in   print   and   electronic   media,   he winks  at  us.  Was  he  there  on  that  rim,  above  that  very volcano?  Did  his own mal’   d’archive  lead  him  to  a supposed origin—an origin that reduces his Neapolitan jaunts  to  a  repetition  compulsion?  As  we  read  them, Derrida’s tracks flicker in and out of being, and by that flickering  they  seem  to  speak  for  themselves,  to  be more   curiously   present,   if   only   to   the   moment   of encounter we name “reading.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;By chance, I wrote these last words on the rim of Vesuvius, right near Pompeii, less that eight years ago. For more than twenty years, each time I’ve returned to Naples, I’ve thought of her. Who better than the Gradiva, I said to myself this time, the Gradiva of Jensen and of Freud, could illustrate this outbidding in the mal d’archive? Jacques Derrida, Archive Fever: A Freudian Impression Here,  in  a  postscript  to Archive  Fever,  Jacques  Derrida tells  an  autobiographical  or  pseudo-autobiographical story  of  how  it  is  that  he  came  to  write  these  words. Covering  his  tracks  as  he  appears  to  uncover  them, back-tracking  over  the  marks  on  paper  that  are  now variously   hosted   in   print   and   electronic   media,   he winks  at  us.  Was  he  there  on  that  rim,  above  that  very volcano?  Did  his own mal’   d’archive  lead  him  to  a supposed origin—an origin that reduces his Neapolitan jaunts  to  a  repetition  compulsion?  As  we  read  them, Derrida’s tracks flicker in and out of being, and by that flickering  they  seem  to  speak  for  themselves,  to  be more   curiously   present,   if   only   to   the   moment   of encounter we name “reading.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Yates, Julian</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">The Renaissance Res Publica of Furniture</TitleText>
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          <NameIdentifier>
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          <PersonName>Julia Reinhard Lupton</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Julia Reinhard</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Lupton</KeyNames>
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              <IDValue>04gyf1771</IDValue>
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            <Affiliation>University of California, Irvine</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Is the Renaissance joint-stool zany, interesting, or cute? These are the categories put forward by Sianne Ngai in order  to  capture  our  contemporary  experience  of  all things  cultural,  from  ninja  bunnies  to  crowdsourced dreams:The  interesting,  cute,  and  zany  index—and are  thus  each  in  a  historically  concrete  way about—capitalism’s    most    socially    binding processes: production, in the case of the zany (an  aesthetic  about  performance  as  not  just artful    play    but    also    affective    labor);    cir-culation,   in   the   case   of   the   interesting   (a serial,   recursive   aesthetic   of   informational relays   and   communicative   exchange);   and consumption,   in   the   case   of   the   cute   (an aesthetic    disclosing    the    surprisingly    wide spectrum of feelings, ranging from tenderness to     aggression,     that     we     harbor     towards ostensibly    subordinate    and    unthreatening commodities).&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Is the Renaissance joint-stool zany, interesting, or cute? These are the categories put forward by Sianne Ngai in order  to  capture  our  contemporary  experience  of  all things  cultural,  from  ninja  bunnies  to  crowdsourced dreams:The  interesting,  cute,  and  zany  index—and are  thus  each  in  a  historically  concrete  way about—capitalism’s    most    socially    binding processes: production, in the case of the zany (an  aesthetic  about  performance  as  not  just artful    play    but    also    affective    labor);    cir-culation,   in   the   case   of   the   interesting   (a serial,   recursive   aesthetic   of   informational relays   and   communicative   exchange);   and consumption,   in   the   case   of   the   cute   (an aesthetic    disclosing    the    surprisingly    wide spectrum of feelings, ranging from tenderness to     aggression,     that     we     harbor     towards ostensibly    subordinate    and    unthreatening commodities).&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <Subtitle language="eng">Further Notes on Material Agency</Subtitle>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;There  exists  a  rich  metaphysical  tradition  in the  West that  engages  stuff—animal,  vegetable,  and  mineral—as lively   intensity,   as   vital   force. Take,   for   example, Spinoza’s  belief  that  every  body  (person,  fly,  stone) comes  with  a conatus or  impetus  to  seek  alliances  that enhance its vitality; or Diderot’s materialist depiction of the  universe  as  a  spiderweb  of  vibrating  threads;  or Thoreau’s   account   of   The   Wild   within   human   and nonhuman nature; or Lucretius’s physics of atoms that swerve,  which  Michel  Serres  spun  into  an  ontology  of fluctuating ado or noise. I wrote a book called Vibrant  Matter that position-ed  itself  within  this  tradition,  which  Althusser  termed “aleatory  materialism.”2 But  my  book  was  not  just  a response  to  other  books.  It  was  also,  quite  literally,  a reply  to  a  call  from  matter  that  had  congealing  into “things.”    In    particular,    some    items    of    trash    had collected  in  the  gutter  of  a  street  in  Baltimore—one large black workglove, one dense mat of oak pollen, one unblemished dead rat, one white plastic bottle cap, one smooth  stick  of  wood—and  one  sunny  day  as  I  walked by,  they  called  me  over  to  them.  I  stood  enchanted  by the tableau they formed, and for a few surreal moments thought  I  caught  a  glimpse  into  a  parallel  world  of vibrant,    powerful    things.    Sullen objects    revealed themselves  to  be expressive “actants,”  to  use  Latour’s term, or, to quote one hoarder attempting to justify his collecting, “The things speak out.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;There  exists  a  rich  metaphysical  tradition  in the  West that  engages  stuff—animal,  vegetable,  and  mineral—as lively   intensity,   as   vital   force. Take,   for   example, Spinoza’s  belief  that  every  body  (person,  fly,  stone) comes  with  a conatus or  impetus  to  seek  alliances  that enhance its vitality; or Diderot’s materialist depiction of the  universe  as  a  spiderweb  of  vibrating  threads;  or Thoreau’s   account   of   The   Wild   within   human   and nonhuman nature; or Lucretius’s physics of atoms that swerve,  which  Michel  Serres  spun  into  an  ontology  of fluctuating ado or noise. I wrote a book called Vibrant  Matter that position-ed  itself  within  this  tradition,  which  Althusser  termed “aleatory  materialism.”2 But  my  book  was  not  just  a response  to  other  books.  It  was  also,  quite  literally,  a reply  to  a  call  from  matter  that  had  congealing  into “things.”    In    particular,    some    items    of    trash    had collected  in  the  gutter  of  a  street  in  Baltimore—one large black workglove, one dense mat of oak pollen, one unblemished dead rat, one white plastic bottle cap, one smooth  stick  of  wood—and  one  sunny  day  as  I  walked by,  they  called  me  over  to  them.  I  stood  enchanted  by the tableau they formed, and for a few surreal moments thought  I  caught  a  glimpse  into  a  parallel  world  of vibrant,    powerful    things.    Sullen objects    revealed themselves  to  be expressive “actants,”  to  use  Latour’s term, or, to quote one hoarder attempting to justify his collecting, “The things speak out.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;By  the  time  you  arrive  at  this  point  in  the  collection, you  will  have  realized  that  the  essays  herein  demand  a slow   reading.   Perfect:   the   practice   of   tracing   con-nections  between  actors,  slowly,  as  Bruno  Latour’s  ant (or ANT, short for Actor Network Theory) would tell us, is  the  way  to  go.  According  to  Latour’s  self-defined “slowciology,” we are to follow the actors themselves—examining  the  relationships  they  assemble,  interrupt, or  disturb.  Latour’s  process  is “agonizingly  slow”  by necessity.2 Yet  in  writing  my  response,  I  find  myself running down a fast lane. The time when these authors first  presented  their  work  at  the  conference,  “Animal, Vegetable,  Mineral:  Ethics  and  Objects  in  the  Medieval and  Early  Modern  Periods,”  coincided  with  one  of  the most accelerated points in my doctoral career. Then as now,   I   was   deep   in   my   dissertation   topic   of   eco-materialism: reconceiving early modern waterscapes as vibrant,  living,  actor-networks  of  (non)human  desires and  assemblages.  Ecocriticism  is  a  vast  road  to  travel. And six months later, I was  racing onto the job market. Do  academics  move  too  hastily?  So  let  us slow  down. My  response  will  pick  up  on  Eileen  Joy’s  idea  of  the humanist as a “slow recording device,” a being involved in a world of complication who also describes a world of co-implication,  of  sentience,  becomings,  and  desires shared  between  actors  inanimate  and  animate.  What happens when we slow down, when we take the time to take these ethical steps seriously?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;By  the  time  you  arrive  at  this  point  in  the  collection, you  will  have  realized  that  the  essays  herein  demand  a slow   reading.   Perfect:   the   practice   of   tracing   con-nections  between  actors,  slowly,  as  Bruno  Latour’s  ant (or ANT, short for Actor Network Theory) would tell us, is  the  way  to  go.  According  to  Latour’s  self-defined “slowciology,” we are to follow the actors themselves—examining  the  relationships  they  assemble,  interrupt, or  disturb.  Latour’s  process  is “agonizingly  slow”  by necessity.2 Yet  in  writing  my  response,  I  find  myself running down a fast lane. The time when these authors first  presented  their  work  at  the  conference,  “Animal, Vegetable,  Mineral:  Ethics  and  Objects  in  the  Medieval and  Early  Modern  Periods,”  coincided  with  one  of  the most accelerated points in my doctoral career. Then as now,   I   was   deep   in   my   dissertation   topic   of   eco-materialism: reconceiving early modern waterscapes as vibrant,  living,  actor-networks  of  (non)human  desires and  assemblages.  Ecocriticism  is  a  vast  road  to  travel. And six months later, I was  racing onto the job market. Do  academics  move  too  hastily?  So  let  us slow  down. My  response  will  pick  up  on  Eileen  Joy’s  idea  of  the humanist as a “slow recording device,” a being involved in a world of complication who also describes a world of co-implication,  of  sentience,  becomings,  and  desires shared  between  actors  inanimate  and  animate.  What happens when we slow down, when we take the time to take these ethical steps seriously?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Ruinous Monument'</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Transporting Objects in Herbert's Persepolis</Subtitle>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;As part of his journey to Persia in 1626, travel writer Sir Thomas  Herbert  visits  the  ruins  of  the  ancient  political center  of  the  Persian  Empire,  Persepolis.  Rather  than narrating    the    customs,    dress,    or    histories    of    the inhabitants  as  he  does  elsewhere  in  his  travelogue, A Relation   of   Some   Yeares   Travaile,   Herbert   gives   a detailed  account  of  the  size,  structure,  and  material  of the palace. He sifts through the stones of the rubble and imagines  what  they  would  have  looked  like  when  the structure  was  intact  before  Alexander  the  Great’s  con-quest.  Herbert’s  account  describes  an  encounter  with Persia’s  past,  and  is  defined  by  the  objects  that  remain after its fall. In a narrative primarily concerned with the inhabitants  of  a  foreign  place—whether  the  natives  of the  early  modern  period  or  the  ghosts  of  the ancient past—why  does  Herbert  dwell  on  the  stones  that  once made up the palace of Persepolis? This   moment   in   Herbert’s   narrative   is   one   he cannot  escape.  In  fact,  he  goes  back  to  the  section “Persepolis”    with    each    successive    edition    of    his travelogue,    reimagining    it    by    linguistically    recon-structing   it   through   narrative.   The   fragments,   then, continue to call to him long after its first publication in 1634. As the contributors to this volume suggest in their essays  about  non-human  literature  and  culture,  these seemingly  mundane  objects  are  in  fact  full  of  potential and power. Like the objects that called to Jane Bennett, inspiring  her  book Vibrant  Matter  and  resurfacing  in her   essay “Powers   of   the   Hoard,”   Herbert’s   stones beckon  to  him  to  return  to  Persia  and  to  dwell  in  its past. Persepolis—as a term, concept, space—withstands  the  test  of  time, carrying with  it  a  layered story that resides in the stones which “draw us near and provoke our deep attachments to them.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;As part of his journey to Persia in 1626, travel writer Sir Thomas  Herbert  visits  the  ruins  of  the  ancient  political center  of  the  Persian  Empire,  Persepolis.  Rather  than narrating    the    customs,    dress,    or    histories    of    the inhabitants  as  he  does  elsewhere  in  his  travelogue, A Relation   of   Some   Yeares   Travaile,   Herbert   gives   a detailed  account  of  the  size,  structure,  and  material  of the palace. He sifts through the stones of the rubble and imagines  what  they  would  have  looked  like  when  the structure  was  intact  before  Alexander  the  Great’s  con-quest.  Herbert’s  account  describes  an  encounter  with Persia’s  past,  and  is  defined  by  the  objects  that  remain after its fall. In a narrative primarily concerned with the inhabitants  of  a  foreign  place—whether  the  natives  of the  early  modern  period  or  the  ghosts  of  the ancient past—why  does  Herbert  dwell  on  the  stones  that  once made up the palace of Persepolis? This   moment   in   Herbert’s   narrative   is   one   he cannot  escape.  In  fact,  he  goes  back  to  the  section “Persepolis”    with    each    successive    edition    of    his travelogue,    reimagining    it    by    linguistically    recon-structing   it   through   narrative.   The   fragments,   then, continue to call to him long after its first publication in 1634. As the contributors to this volume suggest in their essays  about  non-human  literature  and  culture,  these seemingly  mundane  objects  are  in  fact  full  of  potential and power. Like the objects that called to Jane Bennett, inspiring  her  book Vibrant  Matter  and  resurfacing  in her   essay “Powers   of   the   Hoard,”   Herbert’s   stones beckon  to  him  to  return  to  Persia  and  to  dwell  in  its past. Persepolis—as a term, concept, space—withstands  the  test  of  time, carrying with  it  a  layered story that resides in the stones which “draw us near and provoke our deep attachments to them.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Animal,   Vegetable,   Mineral.   If   this   volume’s   theme sounds  like  a  premodern  version  of  the  parlor  game “Twenty Questions,” it is perhaps only appropriate that my   response   should   also   take   the   form   of   twenty questions.  The  parlor  game’s  questions  seek  to  arrive through  processes  of  elimination  and  guesswork  at  a positive  individual  entity;  but  I  hope  my  questions  will do the opposite—that is, resist the allure of any singular or final answer. So here goes.1.  What  do we  mean  by  the “nonhuman”  in  medieval and early modern culture?2.  Are  we  dealing  (as  the “Animal,  Vegetable,  Mineral” parlor game does) with taxonomies of the natural world that  presume,  as  did  Linnaeus  in  his Systema  Naturae of   1735, the   exteriority   of   the   nonhuman   to   the human?3.  Is  the  nonhuman  itself  subdivided  according  to  this principle  of  absolute  exteriority,  which  would  make  of animal,    vegetable,    and    mineral    entirely    discrete entities? 4.  Or  did  medieval  and  early  modern  writers  see  the nonhuman  as  always  already  in  the  human—and,  by logical   extension,   the   mineral   in   the   vegetable,   the vegetable in the animal, and so on?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Animal,   Vegetable,   Mineral.   If   this   volume’s   theme sounds  like  a  premodern  version  of  the  parlor  game “Twenty Questions,” it is perhaps only appropriate that my   response   should   also   take   the   form   of   twenty questions.  The  parlor  game’s  questions  seek  to  arrive through  processes  of  elimination  and  guesswork  at  a positive  individual  entity;  but  I  hope  my  questions  will do the opposite—that is, resist the allure of any singular or final answer. So here goes.1.  What  do we  mean  by  the “nonhuman”  in  medieval and early modern culture?2.  Are  we  dealing  (as  the “Animal,  Vegetable,  Mineral” parlor game does) with taxonomies of the natural world that  presume,  as  did  Linnaeus  in  his Systema  Naturae of   1735, the   exteriority   of   the   nonhuman   to   the human?3.  Is  the  nonhuman  itself  subdivided  according  to  this principle  of  absolute  exteriority,  which  would  make  of animal,    vegetable,    and    mineral    entirely    discrete entities? 4.  Or  did  medieval  and  early  modern  writers  see  the nonhuman  as  always  already  in  the  human—and,  by logical   extension,   the   mineral   in   the   vegetable,   the vegetable in the animal, and so on?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Animal, Mineral, Vegetable examines what happens when we cease to assume that only humans exert agency. Through a careful examination of medieval, early modern and contemporary lifeworlds, these essays collectively argue against ecological anthropocentricity. Sheep, wolves, camels, flowers, chairs, magnets, landscapes, refuse and gems are more than mere objects. They act; they withdraw; they make demands; they connect within lively networks that might foster a new humanism, or that might proceed with indifference towards human affairs. Through what ethics do we respond to these activities and forces? To what futures do these creatures and objects invite us, especially when they appear within the texts and cultures of the “distant” past?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Animal, Mineral, Vegetable examines what happens when we cease to assume that only humans exert agency. Through a careful examination of medieval, early modern and contemporary lifeworlds, these essays collectively argue against ecological anthropocentricity. Sheep, wolves, camels, flowers, chairs, magnets, landscapes, refuse and gems are more than mere objects. They act; they withdraw; they make demands; they connect within lively networks that might foster a new humanism, or that might proceed with indifference towards human affairs. Through what ethics do we respond to these activities and forces? To what futures do these creatures and objects invite us, especially when they appear within the texts and cultures of the “distant” past?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Though superseded by a newer translation, Denton Fox and  Hermann  Pálsson’s  version of Grettir’s  Sagais  a text to   which I feel a considerable attachment.1 Its rendering  of  the  Old  Norse  narrative  is  crisp  and  lucid, capturing the austere yet wry style of the original prose.  Even  more  than  its  artistry,  though,  what  compels  me about  the  Fox  and  Pálsson  translation  is  the  series  of photographs  with  which  the  book  begins.  Between  the introduction   and   the   story’s   instigation   have   been inserted   twelve   poorly   reproduced   black   and   white pictures   depicting   locales   mentioned   in   the   saga. Unattributed and unpaginated, this interlude of images captures     the     multiplicity     of     histories,     real     and imagined,  that  animate  the  Icelandic  narrative  and  its English reworking: a seeming timelessness in which the landscape  is  ever  as  it  has  been;  the  ninth  through eleventh centuries, when Grettir and his ancestors were supposed  to  have  journeyed  these  frigid  expanses;  the early   fourteenth   century,   when   the   saga’s   unknown author dreamt  a  past  that  never  was  and  placed  its unfolding  action  at  familiar  fjords,  glaciers,  and  vales; and  the  1970s,  when  Fox  and  Pálsson  published  their English  translation  of Grettir’s  Saga,  the  first  in  sixty years.  The  initial  photograph,  for  example, is  labeled “Bjarg  in  Midfjord,  site  of  Grettir’s  birth.”  The  image depicts   an   undulation   of   grass,   a   lone   rock,   and   a distant    mountain—presumably    Kaldbak,    the    chilly ridge   that   Grettir’s   great-grandfather   Onund   darkly spoke  of  having  traded  his  Norwegian  grain  fields  to possess. Yet the picture also contains a farmhouse that if  not  exactly  modern  is  in  no  way  medieval,  with  its bright  paint,  three  expansive  levels,  and  chimney.  The telephone poles and curve of road quietly argue against placing  a  young  Grettir  within  that  home.  Yet  the  story radiates such a keen sense of domestic vitality that it is difficult  to  resist  thinking  of  this  boy  destined  for  a  life no  farm  could  contain,  creating  his  particular  brand  of chaos  within  that  pastoral  space.  Every  time  I  look  at the  photo  I  expect  to  see  geese  and  a  horse,  futilely fleeing   his   juvenile   rage;   or   his   beleaguered   dad, storming  out  of  the  farmhouse  after  telling  a  young Grettir  one  more  time  that  he  has  made  a very  bad choice.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Though superseded by a newer translation, Denton Fox and  Hermann  Pálsson’s  version of Grettir’s  Sagais  a text to   which I feel a considerable attachment.1 Its rendering  of  the  Old  Norse  narrative  is  crisp  and  lucid, capturing the austere yet wry style of the original prose.  Even  more  than  its  artistry,  though,  what  compels  me about  the  Fox  and  Pálsson  translation  is  the  series  of photographs  with  which  the  book  begins.  Between  the introduction   and   the   story’s   instigation   have   been inserted   twelve   poorly   reproduced   black   and   white pictures   depicting   locales   mentioned   in   the   saga. Unattributed and unpaginated, this interlude of images captures     the     multiplicity     of     histories,     real     and imagined,  that  animate  the  Icelandic  narrative  and  its English reworking: a seeming timelessness in which the landscape  is  ever  as  it  has  been;  the  ninth  through eleventh centuries, when Grettir and his ancestors were supposed  to  have  journeyed  these  frigid  expanses;  the early   fourteenth   century,   when   the   saga’s   unknown author dreamt  a  past  that  never  was  and  placed  its unfolding  action  at  familiar  fjords,  glaciers,  and  vales; and  the  1970s,  when  Fox  and  Pálsson  published  their English  translation  of Grettir’s  Saga,  the  first  in  sixty years.  The  initial  photograph,  for  example, is  labeled “Bjarg  in  Midfjord,  site  of  Grettir’s  birth.”  The  image depicts   an   undulation   of   grass,   a   lone   rock,   and   a distant    mountain—presumably    Kaldbak,    the    chilly ridge   that   Grettir’s   great-grandfather   Onund   darkly spoke  of  having  traded  his  Norwegian  grain  fields  to possess. Yet the picture also contains a farmhouse that if  not  exactly  modern  is  in  no  way  medieval,  with  its bright  paint,  three  expansive  levels,  and  chimney.  The telephone poles and curve of road quietly argue against placing  a  young  Grettir  within  that  home.  Yet  the  story radiates such a keen sense of domestic vitality that it is difficult  to  resist  thinking  of  this  boy  destined  for  a  life no  farm  could  contain,  creating  his  particular  brand  of chaos  within  that  pastoral  space.  Every  time  I  look  at the  photo  I  expect  to  see  geese  and  a  horse,  futilely fleeing   his   juvenile   rage;   or   his   beleaguered   dad, storming  out  of  the  farmhouse  after  telling  a  young Grettir  one  more  time  that  he  has  made  a very  bad choice.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The  Chronicle  of  the  Benedictine  monastery  of  Saint Peter  of  Erfurt,  in  Thuringia,  includes  two  records  of boys raised by wolves: 1304 Anno Domini MCCCIIII. Quidam puer in partibus  Hassie  est deprehensus.  Hic,  sicut postea cognitum est, et sicut ipse retulit, cum trium  esset  annorum,  a  lupis  est  captus  et mirabiliter    educatus.    Nam,    quamcumque predam   lupi   pro   cibo   rapuerant,   semper meliorem  partem  sumentes  et  arbori  circum-iacientes     ipsi     ad     vorandum     tribuebant. Tempore    vero    hiemis    et    frigoris    foveam facientes,  folia  arborum  et  alias  herbas  impo-nentes, puerum superponebant, et se circum-ponentes,   sic   eum   a   frigore   defendebant; ipsum   eciam   manibus   et   pedibus   repere cogebant  et  secum  currere  tamdiu,  quod  ex use  eorum  velocitatem  imitabatur  et  saltus maximos   faciebat.   Hic   deprehensus   lignis circumligatis  erectus  ire  ad  humanam  simili-tudinem  cogebatur.  Idem  vero  puer  sepius dicebat  se  multo  carius  cum  lupis,  si  in  se esset,  quam  cum  hominibus  diligere  conver-sari.   Hic   puer   in   curiam   Heinrici   principis Hassie pro spectaculo est allatus.1[A  certain  boy  in  the  region  of  Hesse  was seized.  This  boy,  as  was  known  afterwards, and  just  as  the  boy  told  it  himself,  was  taken by  wolves  when  he  was  three  years old  and raised  up  wondrously.  For,  whatever  prey  the wolves snatched for food, they would take the better part and allot it to him to eat while they lay  around  a  tree.  In  the  time  of  winter  and cold, they made a pit, and they put the leaves of  trees  and  other  plants  in  it,  and  placed them  on  the  boy,  surrounding  him  to  protect him from the cold; they also compelled him to creep on hands and feet and to run with them for   a   long   time,   from   which   practice   he imitated their speed and was able to make the greatest  leaps.  When  he  was  seized,  he  was bound with wood to compel him to go erect in a  human  likeness.  However,  this  boy  often said   that   if   it   were   up   to   him   he   much preferred  to  live  among  wolves  than  among men.  This  boy  was  conveyed  to  the  court  of Henry, Prince of Hesse, for a spectacle.]&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The  Chronicle  of  the  Benedictine  monastery  of  Saint Peter  of  Erfurt,  in  Thuringia,  includes  two  records  of boys raised by wolves: 1304 Anno Domini MCCCIIII. Quidam puer in partibus  Hassie  est deprehensus.  Hic,  sicut postea cognitum est, et sicut ipse retulit, cum trium  esset  annorum,  a  lupis  est  captus  et mirabiliter    educatus.    Nam,    quamcumque predam   lupi   pro   cibo   rapuerant,   semper meliorem  partem  sumentes  et  arbori  circum-iacientes     ipsi     ad     vorandum     tribuebant. Tempore    vero    hiemis    et    frigoris    foveam facientes,  folia  arborum  et  alias  herbas  impo-nentes, puerum superponebant, et se circum-ponentes,   sic   eum   a   frigore   defendebant; ipsum   eciam   manibus   et   pedibus   repere cogebant  et  secum  currere  tamdiu,  quod  ex use  eorum  velocitatem  imitabatur  et  saltus maximos   faciebat.   Hic   deprehensus   lignis circumligatis  erectus  ire  ad  humanam  simili-tudinem  cogebatur.  Idem  vero  puer  sepius dicebat  se  multo  carius  cum  lupis,  si  in  se esset,  quam  cum  hominibus  diligere  conver-sari.   Hic   puer   in   curiam   Heinrici   principis Hassie pro spectaculo est allatus.1[A  certain  boy  in  the  region  of  Hesse  was seized.  This  boy,  as  was  known  afterwards, and  just  as  the  boy  told  it  himself,  was  taken by  wolves  when  he  was  three  years old  and raised  up  wondrously.  For,  whatever  prey  the wolves snatched for food, they would take the better part and allot it to him to eat while they lay  around  a  tree.  In  the  time  of  winter  and cold, they made a pit, and they put the leaves of  trees  and  other  plants  in  it,  and  placed them  on  the  boy,  surrounding  him  to  protect him from the cold; they also compelled him to creep on hands and feet and to run with them for   a   long   time,   from   which   practice   he imitated their speed and was able to make the greatest  leaps.  When  he  was  seized,  he  was bound with wood to compel him to go erect in a  human  likeness.  However,  this  boy  often said   that   if   it   were   up   to   him   he   much preferred  to  live  among  wolves  than  among men.  This  boy  was  conveyed  to  the  court  of Henry, Prince of Hesse, for a spectacle.]&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <PersonName>Steel, Karl</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Animals and the Medieval Culture of Empire</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Sharon Kinoshita</PersonName>
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          <KeyNames>Kinoshita</KeyNames>
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            <Affiliation>University of California, Santa Cruz</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In  the  opening  scene  of  the Chanson  de  Roland,  the pagan king Marsile sends Charlemagne an offer of gifts, tribute,  and  loyalty  if  the  Franks  will  lift  their  siege  of Saragossa   and   go   home.   The   suggestion   originally comes from Blancandrin, Marsile’s respected and most trusted advisor: Mandez Carlun, a l’orguillus, al fier,Fedeilz servises e mult granz amistez:Vos li durrez urs e leons e chens,Set cenz camelz e mil hosturs müers,D’or e d’argent quatre cenz muls cargez,Cinquante carre qu’en ferat carïer. (ll. 28–33)1[To the proud and haughty Charles, send your loyal   (feudal)   service   and   great   friendship. [Say]  you  will  give  him  bears,  lions,  and  dogs, 700   camels   and   1000   molted   hawks,   400 mules  loaded  with  gold  and  silver,  50  carts  to haul it all away.]&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In  the  opening  scene  of  the Chanson  de  Roland,  the pagan king Marsile sends Charlemagne an offer of gifts, tribute,  and  loyalty  if  the  Franks  will  lift  their  siege  of Saragossa   and   go   home.   The   suggestion   originally comes from Blancandrin, Marsile’s respected and most trusted advisor: Mandez Carlun, a l’orguillus, al fier,Fedeilz servises e mult granz amistez:Vos li durrez urs e leons e chens,Set cenz camelz e mil hosturs müers,D’or e d’argent quatre cenz muls cargez,Cinquante carre qu’en ferat carïer. (ll. 28–33)1[To the proud and haughty Charles, send your loyal   (feudal)   service   and   great   friendship. [Say]  you  will  give  him  bears,  lions,  and  dogs, 700   camels   and   1000   molted   hawks,   400 mules  loaded  with  gold  and  silver,  50  carts  to haul it all away.]&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Kinoshita, Sharon</PersonName>
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            <IDValue>10.21983/P3.0006.1.05</IDValue>
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            <TitleText language="eng">The Floral and the Human</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Peggy McCracken</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>University of Michigan–Ann Arbor</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In  twelfth-century  versions  of  the Roman  d’Alexandre, among  the  many  curious  beings  Alexander  the  Great encounters  during  his  exploration  of  India,  we  find  a group  of  floral-human  beings.1 After  many  days  in  the  desert,  Alexander  and  his  men  come  to  a  forest  and they see there a maiden sitting at the base of every tree. The  forest  provides  for  the  maidens—whatever  they might wish for in the morning, they receive by evening. The   flower   maidens   are   somehow   bonded   to   the sheltering  wood.  They  will  die  if  they  leave  the  shadow of its trees. When winter comes, they disappear into the ground,   and   when   the   summer   returns   with   warm weather,  they  are  reborn  as  white  flowers.  The  flowers hold  the  maidens’  human  form  and  the  petals  become dresses for the women. When  Alexander  and  his  men  arrive  in  the  forest, the  flower  maidens  welcome  them  eagerly.  There  is nothing  these  maidens  love  more  than  men,  the  text tells  us,  and  Alexander’s  men  have  never  seen  more beautiful   women.2 Indeed,   Alexander   is “troubled” (effreés,  l.  3367)  by  the  sight  of  such  beautiful  creaturesand  he  declares  that  he  and  his  army  will  stay  with them  for  four  days.  When  his  men  enter  the  forest,  the maidens receive them without hesitation. Each chooses a soldier, and encourages him to pursue his desires.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In  twelfth-century  versions  of  the Roman  d’Alexandre, among  the  many  curious  beings  Alexander  the  Great encounters  during  his  exploration  of  India,  we  find  a group  of  floral-human  beings.1 After  many  days  in  the  desert,  Alexander  and  his  men  come  to  a  forest  and they see there a maiden sitting at the base of every tree. The  forest  provides  for  the  maidens—whatever  they might wish for in the morning, they receive by evening. The   flower   maidens   are   somehow   bonded   to   the sheltering  wood.  They  will  die  if  they  leave  the  shadow of its trees. When winter comes, they disappear into the ground,   and   when   the   summer   returns   with   warm weather,  they  are  reborn  as  white  flowers.  The  flowers hold  the  maidens’  human  form  and  the  petals  become dresses for the women. When  Alexander  and  his  men  arrive  in  the  forest, the  flower  maidens  welcome  them  eagerly.  There  is nothing  these  maidens  love  more  than  men,  the  text tells  us,  and  Alexander’s  men  have  never  seen  more beautiful   women.2 Indeed,   Alexander   is “troubled” (effreés,  l.  3367)  by  the  sight  of  such  beautiful  creaturesand  he  declares  that  he  and  his  army  will  stay  with them  for  four  days.  When  his  men  enter  the  forest,  the maidens receive them without hesitation. Each chooses a soldier, and encourages him to pursue his desires.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>McCracken, Peggy</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Exemplary Rocks</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Kellie Roberston</PersonName>
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              <IDValue>01y2jtd41</IDValue>
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            <Affiliation>University of Wisconsin-Madison</Affiliation>
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            <AffiliationIdentifier>
              <AffiliationIDType>40</AffiliationIDType>
              <IDValue>047s2c258</IDValue>
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            <Affiliation>University of Maryland, College Park</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Rocks  are  usually  synonymous  with  insentience:  to  say that  so-and-so  has “a  heart  of  stone”  or  is “dumber than  a  box  of  rocks”  is  to  give  insult  by  degrading  the dynamic  into  the  inert.  In  such  comparisons,  the  rock contaminates the human to the extent that the latter is drained   of   all   sensation   and   vitality.   Such   popular wisdom is codified into metaphysical precept in Heide-gger’s attempt to define “world” by parsing it according to levels of perceived sentience and a capacity for active engagement  with  the  environment.  Heidegger’s  theses have  been  much  discussed  by  critics  interested  in “the animal”  and “the  human:”  both  Derrida  and  Agamben lament how these rigid categories obscure the common ground   of   animality   and   humanity   especially   with respect  to  language.  Despite  this  desire  to  resist  the singularity  of  the  human,  it  is  only  recently  that  critics such  as  Graham  Harman,  Jane  Bennett,  and  (within Medieval  Studies)  Jeffrey  J.  Cohen  have  challenged  the third leg of Heidegger’s ontological stool: the poverty of the inanimate world.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Rocks  are  usually  synonymous  with  insentience:  to  say that  so-and-so  has “a  heart  of  stone”  or  is “dumber than  a  box  of  rocks”  is  to  give  insult  by  degrading  the dynamic  into  the  inert.  In  such  comparisons,  the  rock contaminates the human to the extent that the latter is drained   of   all   sensation   and   vitality.   Such   popular wisdom is codified into metaphysical precept in Heide-gger’s attempt to define “world” by parsing it according to levels of perceived sentience and a capacity for active engagement  with  the  environment.  Heidegger’s  theses have  been  much  discussed  by  critics  interested  in “the animal”  and “the  human:”  both  Derrida  and  Agamben lament how these rigid categories obscure the common ground   of   animality   and   humanity   especially   with respect  to  language.  Despite  this  desire  to  resist  the singularity  of  the  human,  it  is  only  recently  that  critics such  as  Graham  Harman,  Jane  Bennett,  and  (within Medieval  Studies)  Jeffrey  J.  Cohen  have  challenged  the third leg of Heidegger’s ontological stool: the poverty of the inanimate world.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Roberston, Kellie</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Mineral Virtue</TitleText>
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          <ContributorRole>A01</ContributorRole>
          <PersonName>Valerie Allen</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Valerie</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Allen</KeyNames>
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            <Affiliation>John Jay College of Criminal Justice</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;“I became a wanderer, making long journeys to mining districts, so that I could learn by observation the nature of  metals,”  writes  Albertus  Magnus  in  his  treatise De Mineralibus.1 Perhaps   it   was   then   that   he   asked   so “assiduously  in  different  parts  of  the  world”  after  a complete  text  of  the Lapidary  of  Aristotle,  a  work  he only  knew  through  excerpts.2 Albert’s  hardships  testify to  his  commitment  to  the  rigors  of  natural  science (physica), the evidentiary standards of which are higher than  for  astrology  or  magic,  draw  as  he  still  does  from those lesser authorities.3 But Albert has his limits, being quick  to  demarcate  between   science  and  divinatory practices  of  geomancy,  necromancy,  and  so  on—all “nonsensomancy” [garamantia], as he likes to call it.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;“I became a wanderer, making long journeys to mining districts, so that I could learn by observation the nature of  metals,”  writes  Albertus  Magnus  in  his  treatise De Mineralibus.1 Perhaps   it   was   then   that   he   asked   so “assiduously  in  different  parts  of  the  world”  after  a complete  text  of  the Lapidary  of  Aristotle,  a  work  he only  knew  through  excerpts.2 Albert’s  hardships  testify to  his  commitment  to  the  rigors  of  natural  science (physica), the evidentiary standards of which are higher than  for  astrology  or  magic,  draw  as  he  still  does  from those lesser authorities.3 But Albert has his limits, being quick  to  demarcate  between   science  and  divinatory practices  of  geomancy,  necromancy,  and  so  on—all “nonsensomancy” [garamantia], as he likes to call it.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Allen, Valeria</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">You Are Here</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">A Manifesto</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Eileen A. Joy</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>Southern Illinois University Edwardsville</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Imagine a piece of paper, completely blank, except for a small  black  dot  directly  in  the  center.  And  then  a  small arrow pointing to the dot, and next to that, the phrase is written,  “You  Are  Here.”  Strictly  speaking,  the  dot  is where you are. Paraphrasing Italo Calvino’s short story, “All At One Point,” which describes the time before the universe  expanded,  when  all  of  matter  was  concen-trated in a single point, and everyone and everything, in the  words  of  the  narrator, “was  packed  in  there  like sardines,”2 every  point  of  each  of  us  coincides  with every  point  of  everyone  else  in  a  single  point,  which  is where  we  all  are.  There  is  nowhere  else.  The  idea  of distance,  or  separation,  or  estrangement,  is  a  dream. Which is not to say we should not mind the gaps.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Imagine a piece of paper, completely blank, except for a small  black  dot  directly  in  the  center.  And  then  a  small arrow pointing to the dot, and next to that, the phrase is written,  “You  Are  Here.”  Strictly  speaking,  the  dot  is where you are. Paraphrasing Italo Calvino’s short story, “All At One Point,” which describes the time before the universe  expanded,  when  all  of  matter  was  concen-trated in a single point, and everyone and everything, in the  words  of  the  narrator, “was  packed  in  there  like sardines,”2 every  point  of  each  of  us  coincides  with every  point  of  everyone  else  in  a  single  point,  which  is where  we  all  are.  There  is  nowhere  else.  The  idea  of distance,  or  separation,  or  estrangement,  is  a  dream. Which is not to say we should not mind the gaps.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <PersonName>Joy, Eileen A. </PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Sheep Tracks</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">A Multi-Species Impression</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Julian Yates</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>University of Delaware</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;By chance, I wrote these last words on the rim of Vesuvius, right near Pompeii, less that eight years ago. For more than twenty years, each time I’ve returned to Naples, I’ve thought of her. Who better than the Gradiva, I said to myself this time, the Gradiva of Jensen and of Freud, could illustrate this outbidding in the mal d’archive? Jacques Derrida, Archive Fever: A Freudian Impression Here,  in  a  postscript  to Archive  Fever,  Jacques  Derrida tells  an  autobiographical  or  pseudo-autobiographical story  of  how  it  is  that  he  came  to  write  these  words. Covering  his  tracks  as  he  appears  to  uncover  them, back-tracking  over  the  marks  on  paper  that  are  now variously   hosted   in   print   and   electronic   media,   he winks  at  us.  Was  he  there  on  that  rim,  above  that  very volcano?  Did  his own mal’   d’archive  lead  him  to  a supposed origin—an origin that reduces his Neapolitan jaunts  to  a  repetition  compulsion?  As  we  read  them, Derrida’s tracks flicker in and out of being, and by that flickering  they  seem  to  speak  for  themselves,  to  be more   curiously   present,   if   only   to   the   moment   of encounter we name “reading.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;By chance, I wrote these last words on the rim of Vesuvius, right near Pompeii, less that eight years ago. For more than twenty years, each time I’ve returned to Naples, I’ve thought of her. Who better than the Gradiva, I said to myself this time, the Gradiva of Jensen and of Freud, could illustrate this outbidding in the mal d’archive? Jacques Derrida, Archive Fever: A Freudian Impression Here,  in  a  postscript  to Archive  Fever,  Jacques  Derrida tells  an  autobiographical  or  pseudo-autobiographical story  of  how  it  is  that  he  came  to  write  these  words. Covering  his  tracks  as  he  appears  to  uncover  them, back-tracking  over  the  marks  on  paper  that  are  now variously   hosted   in   print   and   electronic   media,   he winks  at  us.  Was  he  there  on  that  rim,  above  that  very volcano?  Did  his own mal’   d’archive  lead  him  to  a supposed origin—an origin that reduces his Neapolitan jaunts  to  a  repetition  compulsion?  As  we  read  them, Derrida’s tracks flicker in and out of being, and by that flickering  they  seem  to  speak  for  themselves,  to  be more   curiously   present,   if   only   to   the   moment   of encounter we name “reading.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">The Renaissance Res Publica of Furniture</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Julia Reinhard Lupton</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>University of California, Irvine</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Is the Renaissance joint-stool zany, interesting, or cute? These are the categories put forward by Sianne Ngai in order  to  capture  our  contemporary  experience  of  all things  cultural,  from  ninja  bunnies  to  crowdsourced dreams:The  interesting,  cute,  and  zany  index—and are  thus  each  in  a  historically  concrete  way about—capitalism’s    most    socially    binding processes: production, in the case of the zany (an  aesthetic  about  performance  as  not  just artful    play    but    also    affective    labor);    cir-culation,   in   the   case   of   the   interesting   (a serial,   recursive   aesthetic   of   informational relays   and   communicative   exchange);   and consumption,   in   the   case   of   the   cute   (an aesthetic    disclosing    the    surprisingly    wide spectrum of feelings, ranging from tenderness to     aggression,     that     we     harbor     towards ostensibly    subordinate    and    unthreatening commodities).&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Is the Renaissance joint-stool zany, interesting, or cute? These are the categories put forward by Sianne Ngai in order  to  capture  our  contemporary  experience  of  all things  cultural,  from  ninja  bunnies  to  crowdsourced dreams:The  interesting,  cute,  and  zany  index—and are  thus  each  in  a  historically  concrete  way about—capitalism’s    most    socially    binding processes: production, in the case of the zany (an  aesthetic  about  performance  as  not  just artful    play    but    also    affective    labor);    cir-culation,   in   the   case   of   the   interesting   (a serial,   recursive   aesthetic   of   informational relays   and   communicative   exchange);   and consumption,   in   the   case   of   the   cute   (an aesthetic    disclosing    the    surprisingly    wide spectrum of feelings, ranging from tenderness to     aggression,     that     we     harbor     towards ostensibly    subordinate    and    unthreatening commodities).&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Powers of the Hoard</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Further Notes on Material Agency</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Jane Bennett</PersonName>
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              <AffiliationIDType>40</AffiliationIDType>
              <IDValue>00za53h95</IDValue>
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            <Affiliation>Johns Hopkins University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;There  exists  a  rich  metaphysical  tradition  in the  West that  engages  stuff—animal,  vegetable,  and  mineral—as lively   intensity,   as   vital   force. Take,   for   example, Spinoza’s  belief  that  every  body  (person,  fly,  stone) comes  with  a conatus or  impetus  to  seek  alliances  that enhance its vitality; or Diderot’s materialist depiction of the  universe  as  a  spiderweb  of  vibrating  threads;  or Thoreau’s   account   of   The   Wild   within   human   and nonhuman nature; or Lucretius’s physics of atoms that swerve,  which  Michel  Serres  spun  into  an  ontology  of fluctuating ado or noise. I wrote a book called Vibrant  Matter that position-ed  itself  within  this  tradition,  which  Althusser  termed “aleatory  materialism.”2 But  my  book  was  not  just  a response  to  other  books.  It  was  also,  quite  literally,  a reply  to  a  call  from  matter  that  had  congealing  into “things.”    In    particular,    some    items    of    trash    had collected  in  the  gutter  of  a  street  in  Baltimore—one large black workglove, one dense mat of oak pollen, one unblemished dead rat, one white plastic bottle cap, one smooth  stick  of  wood—and  one  sunny  day  as  I  walked by,  they  called  me  over  to  them.  I  stood  enchanted  by the tableau they formed, and for a few surreal moments thought  I  caught  a  glimpse  into  a  parallel  world  of vibrant,    powerful    things.    Sullen objects    revealed themselves  to  be expressive “actants,”  to  use  Latour’s term, or, to quote one hoarder attempting to justify his collecting, “The things speak out.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;There  exists  a  rich  metaphysical  tradition  in the  West that  engages  stuff—animal,  vegetable,  and  mineral—as lively   intensity,   as   vital   force. Take,   for   example, Spinoza’s  belief  that  every  body  (person,  fly,  stone) comes  with  a conatus or  impetus  to  seek  alliances  that enhance its vitality; or Diderot’s materialist depiction of the  universe  as  a  spiderweb  of  vibrating  threads;  or Thoreau’s   account   of   The   Wild   within   human   and nonhuman nature; or Lucretius’s physics of atoms that swerve,  which  Michel  Serres  spun  into  an  ontology  of fluctuating ado or noise. I wrote a book called Vibrant  Matter that position-ed  itself  within  this  tradition,  which  Althusser  termed “aleatory  materialism.”2 But  my  book  was  not  just  a response  to  other  books.  It  was  also,  quite  literally,  a reply  to  a  call  from  matter  that  had  congealing  into “things.”    In    particular,    some    items    of    trash    had collected  in  the  gutter  of  a  street  in  Baltimore—one large black workglove, one dense mat of oak pollen, one unblemished dead rat, one white plastic bottle cap, one smooth  stick  of  wood—and  one  sunny  day  as  I  walked by,  they  called  me  over  to  them.  I  stood  enchanted  by the tableau they formed, and for a few surreal moments thought  I  caught  a  glimpse  into  a  parallel  world  of vibrant,    powerful    things.    Sullen objects    revealed themselves  to  be expressive “actants,”  to  use  Latour’s term, or, to quote one hoarder attempting to justify his collecting, “The things speak out.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Bennett, Jane</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Speaking Stones, John Muir, and a Slower (Non)Humanities</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Lowell Duckert</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>George Washington University</Affiliation>
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            <Affiliation>University of Delaware</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;By  the  time  you  arrive  at  this  point  in  the  collection, you  will  have  realized  that  the  essays  herein  demand  a slow   reading.   Perfect:   the   practice   of   tracing   con-nections  between  actors,  slowly,  as  Bruno  Latour’s  ant (or ANT, short for Actor Network Theory) would tell us, is  the  way  to  go.  According  to  Latour’s  self-defined “slowciology,” we are to follow the actors themselves—examining  the  relationships  they  assemble,  interrupt, or  disturb.  Latour’s  process  is “agonizingly  slow”  by necessity.2 Yet  in  writing  my  response,  I  find  myself running down a fast lane. The time when these authors first  presented  their  work  at  the  conference,  “Animal, Vegetable,  Mineral:  Ethics  and  Objects  in  the  Medieval and  Early  Modern  Periods,”  coincided  with  one  of  the most accelerated points in my doctoral career. Then as now,   I   was   deep   in   my   dissertation   topic   of   eco-materialism: reconceiving early modern waterscapes as vibrant,  living,  actor-networks  of  (non)human  desires and  assemblages.  Ecocriticism  is  a  vast  road  to  travel. And six months later, I was  racing onto the job market. Do  academics  move  too  hastily?  So  let  us slow  down. My  response  will  pick  up  on  Eileen  Joy’s  idea  of  the humanist as a “slow recording device,” a being involved in a world of complication who also describes a world of co-implication,  of  sentience,  becomings,  and  desires shared  between  actors  inanimate  and  animate.  What happens when we slow down, when we take the time to take these ethical steps seriously?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;By  the  time  you  arrive  at  this  point  in  the  collection, you  will  have  realized  that  the  essays  herein  demand  a slow   reading.   Perfect:   the   practice   of   tracing   con-nections  between  actors,  slowly,  as  Bruno  Latour’s  ant (or ANT, short for Actor Network Theory) would tell us, is  the  way  to  go.  According  to  Latour’s  self-defined “slowciology,” we are to follow the actors themselves—examining  the  relationships  they  assemble,  interrupt, or  disturb.  Latour’s  process  is “agonizingly  slow”  by necessity.2 Yet  in  writing  my  response,  I  find  myself running down a fast lane. The time when these authors first  presented  their  work  at  the  conference,  “Animal, Vegetable,  Mineral:  Ethics  and  Objects  in  the  Medieval and  Early  Modern  Periods,”  coincided  with  one  of  the most accelerated points in my doctoral career. Then as now,   I   was   deep   in   my   dissertation   topic   of   eco-materialism: reconceiving early modern waterscapes as vibrant,  living,  actor-networks  of  (non)human  desires and  assemblages.  Ecocriticism  is  a  vast  road  to  travel. And six months later, I was  racing onto the job market. Do  academics  move  too  hastily?  So  let  us slow  down. My  response  will  pick  up  on  Eileen  Joy’s  idea  of  the humanist as a “slow recording device,” a being involved in a world of complication who also describes a world of co-implication,  of  sentience,  becomings,  and  desires shared  between  actors  inanimate  and  animate.  What happens when we slow down, when we take the time to take these ethical steps seriously?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Duckert, Lowell</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;As part of his journey to Persia in 1626, travel writer Sir Thomas  Herbert  visits  the  ruins  of  the  ancient  political center  of  the  Persian  Empire,  Persepolis.  Rather  than narrating    the    customs,    dress,    or    histories    of    the inhabitants  as  he  does  elsewhere  in  his  travelogue, A Relation   of   Some   Yeares   Travaile,   Herbert   gives   a detailed  account  of  the  size,  structure,  and  material  of the palace. He sifts through the stones of the rubble and imagines  what  they  would  have  looked  like  when  the structure  was  intact  before  Alexander  the  Great’s  con-quest.  Herbert’s  account  describes  an  encounter  with Persia’s  past,  and  is  defined  by  the  objects  that  remain after its fall. In a narrative primarily concerned with the inhabitants  of  a  foreign  place—whether  the  natives  of the  early  modern  period  or  the  ghosts  of  the ancient past—why  does  Herbert  dwell  on  the  stones  that  once made up the palace of Persepolis? This   moment   in   Herbert’s   narrative   is   one   he cannot  escape.  In  fact,  he  goes  back  to  the  section “Persepolis”    with    each    successive    edition    of    his travelogue,    reimagining    it    by    linguistically    recon-structing   it   through   narrative.   The   fragments,   then, continue to call to him long after its first publication in 1634. As the contributors to this volume suggest in their essays  about  non-human  literature  and  culture,  these seemingly  mundane  objects  are  in  fact  full  of  potential and power. Like the objects that called to Jane Bennett, inspiring  her  book Vibrant  Matter  and  resurfacing  in her   essay “Powers   of   the   Hoard,”   Herbert’s   stones beckon  to  him  to  return  to  Persia  and  to  dwell  in  its past. Persepolis—as a term, concept, space—withstands  the  test  of  time, carrying with  it  a  layered story that resides in the stones which “draw us near and provoke our deep attachments to them.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;As part of his journey to Persia in 1626, travel writer Sir Thomas  Herbert  visits  the  ruins  of  the  ancient  political center  of  the  Persian  Empire,  Persepolis.  Rather  than narrating    the    customs,    dress,    or    histories    of    the inhabitants  as  he  does  elsewhere  in  his  travelogue, A Relation   of   Some   Yeares   Travaile,   Herbert   gives   a detailed  account  of  the  size,  structure,  and  material  of the palace. He sifts through the stones of the rubble and imagines  what  they  would  have  looked  like  when  the structure  was  intact  before  Alexander  the  Great’s  con-quest.  Herbert’s  account  describes  an  encounter  with Persia’s  past,  and  is  defined  by  the  objects  that  remain after its fall. In a narrative primarily concerned with the inhabitants  of  a  foreign  place—whether  the  natives  of the  early  modern  period  or  the  ghosts  of  the ancient past—why  does  Herbert  dwell  on  the  stones  that  once made up the palace of Persepolis? This   moment   in   Herbert’s   narrative   is   one   he cannot  escape.  In  fact,  he  goes  back  to  the  section “Persepolis”    with    each    successive    edition    of    his travelogue,    reimagining    it    by    linguistically    recon-structing   it   through   narrative.   The   fragments,   then, continue to call to him long after its first publication in 1634. As the contributors to this volume suggest in their essays  about  non-human  literature  and  culture,  these seemingly  mundane  objects  are  in  fact  full  of  potential and power. Like the objects that called to Jane Bennett, inspiring  her  book Vibrant  Matter  and  resurfacing  in her   essay “Powers   of   the   Hoard,”   Herbert’s   stones beckon  to  him  to  return  to  Persia  and  to  dwell  in  its past. Persepolis—as a term, concept, space—withstands  the  test  of  time, carrying with  it  a  layered story that resides in the stones which “draw us near and provoke our deep attachments to them.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Animal, Mineral, Vegetable examines what happens when we cease to assume that only humans exert agency. Through a careful examination of medieval, early modern and contemporary lifeworlds, these essays collectively argue against ecological anthropocentricity. Sheep, wolves, camels, flowers, chairs, magnets, landscapes, refuse and gems are more than mere objects. They act; they withdraw; they make demands; they connect within lively networks that might foster a new humanism, or that might proceed with indifference towards human affairs. Through what ethics do we respond to these activities and forces? To what futures do these creatures and objects invite us, especially when they appear within the texts and cultures of the “distant” past?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Animal, Mineral, Vegetable examines what happens when we cease to assume that only humans exert agency. Through a careful examination of medieval, early modern and contemporary lifeworlds, these essays collectively argue against ecological anthropocentricity. Sheep, wolves, camels, flowers, chairs, magnets, landscapes, refuse and gems are more than mere objects. They act; they withdraw; they make demands; they connect within lively networks that might foster a new humanism, or that might proceed with indifference towards human affairs. Through what ethics do we respond to these activities and forces? To what futures do these creatures and objects invite us, especially when they appear within the texts and cultures of the “distant” past?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Though superseded by a newer translation, Denton Fox and  Hermann  Pálsson’s  version of Grettir’s  Sagais  a text to   which I feel a considerable attachment.1 Its rendering  of  the  Old  Norse  narrative  is  crisp  and  lucid, capturing the austere yet wry style of the original prose.  Even  more  than  its  artistry,  though,  what  compels  me about  the  Fox  and  Pálsson  translation  is  the  series  of photographs  with  which  the  book  begins.  Between  the introduction   and   the   story’s   instigation   have   been inserted   twelve   poorly   reproduced   black   and   white pictures   depicting   locales   mentioned   in   the   saga. Unattributed and unpaginated, this interlude of images captures     the     multiplicity     of     histories,     real     and imagined,  that  animate  the  Icelandic  narrative  and  its English reworking: a seeming timelessness in which the landscape  is  ever  as  it  has  been;  the  ninth  through eleventh centuries, when Grettir and his ancestors were supposed  to  have  journeyed  these  frigid  expanses;  the early   fourteenth   century,   when   the   saga’s   unknown author dreamt  a  past  that  never  was  and  placed  its unfolding  action  at  familiar  fjords,  glaciers,  and  vales; and  the  1970s,  when  Fox  and  Pálsson  published  their English  translation  of Grettir’s  Saga,  the  first  in  sixty years.  The  initial  photograph,  for  example, is  labeled “Bjarg  in  Midfjord,  site  of  Grettir’s  birth.”  The  image depicts   an   undulation   of   grass,   a   lone   rock,   and   a distant    mountain—presumably    Kaldbak,    the    chilly ridge   that   Grettir’s   great-grandfather   Onund   darkly spoke  of  having  traded  his  Norwegian  grain  fields  to possess. Yet the picture also contains a farmhouse that if  not  exactly  modern  is  in  no  way  medieval,  with  its bright  paint,  three  expansive  levels,  and  chimney.  The telephone poles and curve of road quietly argue against placing  a  young  Grettir  within  that  home.  Yet  the  story radiates such a keen sense of domestic vitality that it is difficult  to  resist  thinking  of  this  boy  destined  for  a  life no  farm  could  contain,  creating  his  particular  brand  of chaos  within  that  pastoral  space.  Every  time  I  look  at the  photo  I  expect  to  see  geese  and  a  horse,  futilely fleeing   his   juvenile   rage;   or   his   beleaguered   dad, storming  out  of  the  farmhouse  after  telling  a  young Grettir  one  more  time  that  he  has  made  a very  bad choice.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Though superseded by a newer translation, Denton Fox and  Hermann  Pálsson’s  version of Grettir’s  Sagais  a text to   which I feel a considerable attachment.1 Its rendering  of  the  Old  Norse  narrative  is  crisp  and  lucid, capturing the austere yet wry style of the original prose.  Even  more  than  its  artistry,  though,  what  compels  me about  the  Fox  and  Pálsson  translation  is  the  series  of photographs  with  which  the  book  begins.  Between  the introduction   and   the   story’s   instigation   have   been inserted   twelve   poorly   reproduced   black   and   white pictures   depicting   locales   mentioned   in   the   saga. Unattributed and unpaginated, this interlude of images captures     the     multiplicity     of     histories,     real     and imagined,  that  animate  the  Icelandic  narrative  and  its English reworking: a seeming timelessness in which the landscape  is  ever  as  it  has  been;  the  ninth  through eleventh centuries, when Grettir and his ancestors were supposed  to  have  journeyed  these  frigid  expanses;  the early   fourteenth   century,   when   the   saga’s   unknown author dreamt  a  past  that  never  was  and  placed  its unfolding  action  at  familiar  fjords,  glaciers,  and  vales; and  the  1970s,  when  Fox  and  Pálsson  published  their English  translation  of Grettir’s  Saga,  the  first  in  sixty years.  The  initial  photograph,  for  example, is  labeled “Bjarg  in  Midfjord,  site  of  Grettir’s  birth.”  The  image depicts   an   undulation   of   grass,   a   lone   rock,   and   a distant    mountain—presumably    Kaldbak,    the    chilly ridge   that   Grettir’s   great-grandfather   Onund   darkly spoke  of  having  traded  his  Norwegian  grain  fields  to possess. Yet the picture also contains a farmhouse that if  not  exactly  modern  is  in  no  way  medieval,  with  its bright  paint,  three  expansive  levels,  and  chimney.  The telephone poles and curve of road quietly argue against placing  a  young  Grettir  within  that  home.  Yet  the  story radiates such a keen sense of domestic vitality that it is difficult  to  resist  thinking  of  this  boy  destined  for  a  life no  farm  could  contain,  creating  his  particular  brand  of chaos  within  that  pastoral  space.  Every  time  I  look  at the  photo  I  expect  to  see  geese  and  a  horse,  futilely fleeing   his   juvenile   rage;   or   his   beleaguered   dad, storming  out  of  the  farmhouse  after  telling  a  young Grettir  one  more  time  that  he  has  made  a very  bad choice.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">With the World, or Bound to Face the Sky</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">the Postures of the Wild-Child of Hesse</Subtitle>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The  Chronicle  of  the  Benedictine  monastery  of  Saint Peter  of  Erfurt,  in  Thuringia,  includes  two  records  of boys raised by wolves: 1304 Anno Domini MCCCIIII. Quidam puer in partibus  Hassie  est deprehensus.  Hic,  sicut postea cognitum est, et sicut ipse retulit, cum trium  esset  annorum,  a  lupis  est  captus  et mirabiliter    educatus.    Nam,    quamcumque predam   lupi   pro   cibo   rapuerant,   semper meliorem  partem  sumentes  et  arbori  circum-iacientes     ipsi     ad     vorandum     tribuebant. Tempore    vero    hiemis    et    frigoris    foveam facientes,  folia  arborum  et  alias  herbas  impo-nentes, puerum superponebant, et se circum-ponentes,   sic   eum   a   frigore   defendebant; ipsum   eciam   manibus   et   pedibus   repere cogebant  et  secum  currere  tamdiu,  quod  ex use  eorum  velocitatem  imitabatur  et  saltus maximos   faciebat.   Hic   deprehensus   lignis circumligatis  erectus  ire  ad  humanam  simili-tudinem  cogebatur.  Idem  vero  puer  sepius dicebat  se  multo  carius  cum  lupis,  si  in  se esset,  quam  cum  hominibus  diligere  conver-sari.   Hic   puer   in   curiam   Heinrici   principis Hassie pro spectaculo est allatus.1[A  certain  boy  in  the  region  of  Hesse  was seized.  This  boy,  as  was  known  afterwards, and  just  as  the  boy  told  it  himself,  was  taken by  wolves  when  he  was  three  years old  and raised  up  wondrously.  For,  whatever  prey  the wolves snatched for food, they would take the better part and allot it to him to eat while they lay  around  a  tree.  In  the  time  of  winter  and cold, they made a pit, and they put the leaves of  trees  and  other  plants  in  it,  and  placed them  on  the  boy,  surrounding  him  to  protect him from the cold; they also compelled him to creep on hands and feet and to run with them for   a   long   time,   from   which   practice   he imitated their speed and was able to make the greatest  leaps.  When  he  was  seized,  he  was bound with wood to compel him to go erect in a  human  likeness.  However,  this  boy  often said   that   if   it   were   up   to   him   he   much preferred  to  live  among  wolves  than  among men.  This  boy  was  conveyed  to  the  court  of Henry, Prince of Hesse, for a spectacle.]&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The  Chronicle  of  the  Benedictine  monastery  of  Saint Peter  of  Erfurt,  in  Thuringia,  includes  two  records  of boys raised by wolves: 1304 Anno Domini MCCCIIII. Quidam puer in partibus  Hassie  est deprehensus.  Hic,  sicut postea cognitum est, et sicut ipse retulit, cum trium  esset  annorum,  a  lupis  est  captus  et mirabiliter    educatus.    Nam,    quamcumque predam   lupi   pro   cibo   rapuerant,   semper meliorem  partem  sumentes  et  arbori  circum-iacientes     ipsi     ad     vorandum     tribuebant. Tempore    vero    hiemis    et    frigoris    foveam facientes,  folia  arborum  et  alias  herbas  impo-nentes, puerum superponebant, et se circum-ponentes,   sic   eum   a   frigore   defendebant; ipsum   eciam   manibus   et   pedibus   repere cogebant  et  secum  currere  tamdiu,  quod  ex use  eorum  velocitatem  imitabatur  et  saltus maximos   faciebat.   Hic   deprehensus   lignis circumligatis  erectus  ire  ad  humanam  simili-tudinem  cogebatur.  Idem  vero  puer  sepius dicebat  se  multo  carius  cum  lupis,  si  in  se esset,  quam  cum  hominibus  diligere  conver-sari.   Hic   puer   in   curiam   Heinrici   principis Hassie pro spectaculo est allatus.1[A  certain  boy  in  the  region  of  Hesse  was seized.  This  boy,  as  was  known  afterwards, and  just  as  the  boy  told  it  himself,  was  taken by  wolves  when  he  was  three  years old  and raised  up  wondrously.  For,  whatever  prey  the wolves snatched for food, they would take the better part and allot it to him to eat while they lay  around  a  tree.  In  the  time  of  winter  and cold, they made a pit, and they put the leaves of  trees  and  other  plants  in  it,  and  placed them  on  the  boy,  surrounding  him  to  protect him from the cold; they also compelled him to creep on hands and feet and to run with them for   a   long   time,   from   which   practice   he imitated their speed and was able to make the greatest  leaps.  When  he  was  seized,  he  was bound with wood to compel him to go erect in a  human  likeness.  However,  this  boy  often said   that   if   it   were   up   to   him   he   much preferred  to  live  among  wolves  than  among men.  This  boy  was  conveyed  to  the  court  of Henry, Prince of Hesse, for a spectacle.]&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In  the  opening  scene  of  the Chanson  de  Roland,  the pagan king Marsile sends Charlemagne an offer of gifts, tribute,  and  loyalty  if  the  Franks  will  lift  their  siege  of Saragossa   and   go   home.   The   suggestion   originally comes from Blancandrin, Marsile’s respected and most trusted advisor: Mandez Carlun, a l’orguillus, al fier,Fedeilz servises e mult granz amistez:Vos li durrez urs e leons e chens,Set cenz camelz e mil hosturs müers,D’or e d’argent quatre cenz muls cargez,Cinquante carre qu’en ferat carïer. (ll. 28–33)1[To the proud and haughty Charles, send your loyal   (feudal)   service   and   great   friendship. [Say]  you  will  give  him  bears,  lions,  and  dogs, 700   camels   and   1000   molted   hawks,   400 mules  loaded  with  gold  and  silver,  50  carts  to haul it all away.]&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In  the  opening  scene  of  the Chanson  de  Roland,  the pagan king Marsile sends Charlemagne an offer of gifts, tribute,  and  loyalty  if  the  Franks  will  lift  their  siege  of Saragossa   and   go   home.   The   suggestion   originally comes from Blancandrin, Marsile’s respected and most trusted advisor: Mandez Carlun, a l’orguillus, al fier,Fedeilz servises e mult granz amistez:Vos li durrez urs e leons e chens,Set cenz camelz e mil hosturs müers,D’or e d’argent quatre cenz muls cargez,Cinquante carre qu’en ferat carïer. (ll. 28–33)1[To the proud and haughty Charles, send your loyal   (feudal)   service   and   great   friendship. [Say]  you  will  give  him  bears,  lions,  and  dogs, 700   camels   and   1000   molted   hawks,   400 mules  loaded  with  gold  and  silver,  50  carts  to haul it all away.]&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Kinoshita, Sharon</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">The Floral and the Human</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Peggy McCracken</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>University of Michigan–Ann Arbor</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In  twelfth-century  versions  of  the Roman  d’Alexandre, among  the  many  curious  beings  Alexander  the  Great encounters  during  his  exploration  of  India,  we  find  a group  of  floral-human  beings.1 After  many  days  in  the  desert,  Alexander  and  his  men  come  to  a  forest  and they see there a maiden sitting at the base of every tree. The  forest  provides  for  the  maidens—whatever  they might wish for in the morning, they receive by evening. The   flower   maidens   are   somehow   bonded   to   the sheltering  wood.  They  will  die  if  they  leave  the  shadow of its trees. When winter comes, they disappear into the ground,   and   when   the   summer   returns   with   warm weather,  they  are  reborn  as  white  flowers.  The  flowers hold  the  maidens’  human  form  and  the  petals  become dresses for the women. When  Alexander  and  his  men  arrive  in  the  forest, the  flower  maidens  welcome  them  eagerly.  There  is nothing  these  maidens  love  more  than  men,  the  text tells  us,  and  Alexander’s  men  have  never  seen  more beautiful   women.2 Indeed,   Alexander   is “troubled” (effreés,  l.  3367)  by  the  sight  of  such  beautiful  creaturesand  he  declares  that  he  and  his  army  will  stay  with them  for  four  days.  When  his  men  enter  the  forest,  the maidens receive them without hesitation. Each chooses a soldier, and encourages him to pursue his desires.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In  twelfth-century  versions  of  the Roman  d’Alexandre, among  the  many  curious  beings  Alexander  the  Great encounters  during  his  exploration  of  India,  we  find  a group  of  floral-human  beings.1 After  many  days  in  the  desert,  Alexander  and  his  men  come  to  a  forest  and they see there a maiden sitting at the base of every tree. The  forest  provides  for  the  maidens—whatever  they might wish for in the morning, they receive by evening. The   flower   maidens   are   somehow   bonded   to   the sheltering  wood.  They  will  die  if  they  leave  the  shadow of its trees. When winter comes, they disappear into the ground,   and   when   the   summer   returns   with   warm weather,  they  are  reborn  as  white  flowers.  The  flowers hold  the  maidens’  human  form  and  the  petals  become dresses for the women. When  Alexander  and  his  men  arrive  in  the  forest, the  flower  maidens  welcome  them  eagerly.  There  is nothing  these  maidens  love  more  than  men,  the  text tells  us,  and  Alexander’s  men  have  never  seen  more beautiful   women.2 Indeed,   Alexander   is “troubled” (effreés,  l.  3367)  by  the  sight  of  such  beautiful  creaturesand  he  declares  that  he  and  his  army  will  stay  with them  for  four  days.  When  his  men  enter  the  forest,  the maidens receive them without hesitation. Each chooses a soldier, and encourages him to pursue his desires.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>McCracken, Peggy</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Exemplary Rocks</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Kellie Roberston</PersonName>
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          <KeyNames>Roberston</KeyNames>
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              <AffiliationIDType>40</AffiliationIDType>
              <IDValue>01y2jtd41</IDValue>
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            <Affiliation>University of Wisconsin-Madison</Affiliation>
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          <ProfessionalAffiliation>
            <AffiliationIdentifier>
              <AffiliationIDType>40</AffiliationIDType>
              <IDValue>047s2c258</IDValue>
            </AffiliationIdentifier>
            <Affiliation>University of Maryland, College Park</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Rocks  are  usually  synonymous  with  insentience:  to  say that  so-and-so  has “a  heart  of  stone”  or  is “dumber than  a  box  of  rocks”  is  to  give  insult  by  degrading  the dynamic  into  the  inert.  In  such  comparisons,  the  rock contaminates the human to the extent that the latter is drained   of   all   sensation   and   vitality.   Such   popular wisdom is codified into metaphysical precept in Heide-gger’s attempt to define “world” by parsing it according to levels of perceived sentience and a capacity for active engagement  with  the  environment.  Heidegger’s  theses have  been  much  discussed  by  critics  interested  in “the animal”  and “the  human:”  both  Derrida  and  Agamben lament how these rigid categories obscure the common ground   of   animality   and   humanity   especially   with respect  to  language.  Despite  this  desire  to  resist  the singularity  of  the  human,  it  is  only  recently  that  critics such  as  Graham  Harman,  Jane  Bennett,  and  (within Medieval  Studies)  Jeffrey  J.  Cohen  have  challenged  the third leg of Heidegger’s ontological stool: the poverty of the inanimate world.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Rocks  are  usually  synonymous  with  insentience:  to  say that  so-and-so  has “a  heart  of  stone”  or  is “dumber than  a  box  of  rocks”  is  to  give  insult  by  degrading  the dynamic  into  the  inert.  In  such  comparisons,  the  rock contaminates the human to the extent that the latter is drained   of   all   sensation   and   vitality.   Such   popular wisdom is codified into metaphysical precept in Heide-gger’s attempt to define “world” by parsing it according to levels of perceived sentience and a capacity for active engagement  with  the  environment.  Heidegger’s  theses have  been  much  discussed  by  critics  interested  in “the animal”  and “the  human:”  both  Derrida  and  Agamben lament how these rigid categories obscure the common ground   of   animality   and   humanity   especially   with respect  to  language.  Despite  this  desire  to  resist  the singularity  of  the  human,  it  is  only  recently  that  critics such  as  Graham  Harman,  Jane  Bennett,  and  (within Medieval  Studies)  Jeffrey  J.  Cohen  have  challenged  the third leg of Heidegger’s ontological stool: the poverty of the inanimate world.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Roberston, Kellie</PersonName>
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            <IDValue>10.21983/P3.0006.1.07</IDValue>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Mineral Virtue</TitleText>
          </TitleElement>
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          <ContributorRole>A01</ContributorRole>
          <PersonName>Valerie Allen</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Valerie</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Allen</KeyNames>
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              <AffiliationIDType>40</AffiliationIDType>
              <IDValue>01p9rc392</IDValue>
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            <Affiliation>John Jay College of Criminal Justice</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;“I became a wanderer, making long journeys to mining districts, so that I could learn by observation the nature of  metals,”  writes  Albertus  Magnus  in  his  treatise De Mineralibus.1 Perhaps   it   was   then   that   he   asked   so “assiduously  in  different  parts  of  the  world”  after  a complete  text  of  the Lapidary  of  Aristotle,  a  work  he only  knew  through  excerpts.2 Albert’s  hardships  testify to  his  commitment  to  the  rigors  of  natural  science (physica), the evidentiary standards of which are higher than  for  astrology  or  magic,  draw  as  he  still  does  from those lesser authorities.3 But Albert has his limits, being quick  to  demarcate  between   science  and  divinatory practices  of  geomancy,  necromancy,  and  so  on—all “nonsensomancy” [garamantia], as he likes to call it.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;“I became a wanderer, making long journeys to mining districts, so that I could learn by observation the nature of  metals,”  writes  Albertus  Magnus  in  his  treatise De Mineralibus.1 Perhaps   it   was   then   that   he   asked   so “assiduously  in  different  parts  of  the  world”  after  a complete  text  of  the Lapidary  of  Aristotle,  a  work  he only  knew  through  excerpts.2 Albert’s  hardships  testify to  his  commitment  to  the  rigors  of  natural  science (physica), the evidentiary standards of which are higher than  for  astrology  or  magic,  draw  as  he  still  does  from those lesser authorities.3 But Albert has his limits, being quick  to  demarcate  between   science  and  divinatory practices  of  geomancy,  necromancy,  and  so  on—all “nonsensomancy” [garamantia], as he likes to call it.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Allen, Valeria</PersonName>
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            <IDValue>10.21983/P3.0006.1.08</IDValue>
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            <TitleElementLevel>01</TitleElementLevel>
            <TitleText language="eng">You Are Here</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">A Manifesto</Subtitle>
          </TitleElement>
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          <SequenceNumber>1</SequenceNumber>
          <ContributorRole>A01</ContributorRole>
          <NameIdentifier>
            <NameIDType>21</NameIDType>
            <IDValue>0000000253093189</IDValue>
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          <PersonName>Eileen A. Joy</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Eileen A.</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Joy</KeyNames>
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              <AffiliationIDType>40</AffiliationIDType>
              <IDValue>04cqs5j56</IDValue>
            </AffiliationIdentifier>
            <Affiliation>Southern Illinois University Edwardsville</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Imagine a piece of paper, completely blank, except for a small  black  dot  directly  in  the  center.  And  then  a  small arrow pointing to the dot, and next to that, the phrase is written,  “You  Are  Here.”  Strictly  speaking,  the  dot  is where you are. Paraphrasing Italo Calvino’s short story, “All At One Point,” which describes the time before the universe  expanded,  when  all  of  matter  was  concen-trated in a single point, and everyone and everything, in the  words  of  the  narrator, “was  packed  in  there  like sardines,”2 every  point  of  each  of  us  coincides  with every  point  of  everyone  else  in  a  single  point,  which  is where  we  all  are.  There  is  nowhere  else.  The  idea  of distance,  or  separation,  or  estrangement,  is  a  dream. Which is not to say we should not mind the gaps.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Imagine a piece of paper, completely blank, except for a small  black  dot  directly  in  the  center.  And  then  a  small arrow pointing to the dot, and next to that, the phrase is written,  “You  Are  Here.”  Strictly  speaking,  the  dot  is where you are. Paraphrasing Italo Calvino’s short story, “All At One Point,” which describes the time before the universe  expanded,  when  all  of  matter  was  concen-trated in a single point, and everyone and everything, in the  words  of  the  narrator, “was  packed  in  there  like sardines,”2 every  point  of  each  of  us  coincides  with every  point  of  everyone  else  in  a  single  point,  which  is where  we  all  are.  There  is  nowhere  else.  The  idea  of distance,  or  separation,  or  estrangement,  is  a  dream. Which is not to say we should not mind the gaps.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <ContentAudience>00</ContentAudience>
          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Joy, Eileen A. </PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Sheep Tracks</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">A Multi-Species Impression</Subtitle>
          </TitleElement>
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          <ContributorRole>A01</ContributorRole>
          <PersonName>Julian Yates</PersonName>
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              <AffiliationIDType>40</AffiliationIDType>
              <IDValue>01sbq1a82</IDValue>
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            <Affiliation>University of Delaware</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;By chance, I wrote these last words on the rim of Vesuvius, right near Pompeii, less that eight years ago. For more than twenty years, each time I’ve returned to Naples, I’ve thought of her. Who better than the Gradiva, I said to myself this time, the Gradiva of Jensen and of Freud, could illustrate this outbidding in the mal d’archive? Jacques Derrida, Archive Fever: A Freudian Impression Here,  in  a  postscript  to Archive  Fever,  Jacques  Derrida tells  an  autobiographical  or  pseudo-autobiographical story  of  how  it  is  that  he  came  to  write  these  words. Covering  his  tracks  as  he  appears  to  uncover  them, back-tracking  over  the  marks  on  paper  that  are  now variously   hosted   in   print   and   electronic   media,   he winks  at  us.  Was  he  there  on  that  rim,  above  that  very volcano?  Did  his own mal’   d’archive  lead  him  to  a supposed origin—an origin that reduces his Neapolitan jaunts  to  a  repetition  compulsion?  As  we  read  them, Derrida’s tracks flicker in and out of being, and by that flickering  they  seem  to  speak  for  themselves,  to  be more   curiously   present,   if   only   to   the   moment   of encounter we name “reading.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;By chance, I wrote these last words on the rim of Vesuvius, right near Pompeii, less that eight years ago. For more than twenty years, each time I’ve returned to Naples, I’ve thought of her. Who better than the Gradiva, I said to myself this time, the Gradiva of Jensen and of Freud, could illustrate this outbidding in the mal d’archive? Jacques Derrida, Archive Fever: A Freudian Impression Here,  in  a  postscript  to Archive  Fever,  Jacques  Derrida tells  an  autobiographical  or  pseudo-autobiographical story  of  how  it  is  that  he  came  to  write  these  words. Covering  his  tracks  as  he  appears  to  uncover  them, back-tracking  over  the  marks  on  paper  that  are  now variously   hosted   in   print   and   electronic   media,   he winks  at  us.  Was  he  there  on  that  rim,  above  that  very volcano?  Did  his own mal’   d’archive  lead  him  to  a supposed origin—an origin that reduces his Neapolitan jaunts  to  a  repetition  compulsion?  As  we  read  them, Derrida’s tracks flicker in and out of being, and by that flickering  they  seem  to  speak  for  themselves,  to  be more   curiously   present,   if   only   to   the   moment   of encounter we name “reading.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Yates, Julian</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">The Renaissance Res Publica of Furniture</TitleText>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Is the Renaissance joint-stool zany, interesting, or cute? These are the categories put forward by Sianne Ngai in order  to  capture  our  contemporary  experience  of  all things  cultural,  from  ninja  bunnies  to  crowdsourced dreams:The  interesting,  cute,  and  zany  index—and are  thus  each  in  a  historically  concrete  way about—capitalism’s    most    socially    binding processes: production, in the case of the zany (an  aesthetic  about  performance  as  not  just artful    play    but    also    affective    labor);    cir-culation,   in   the   case   of   the   interesting   (a serial,   recursive   aesthetic   of   informational relays   and   communicative   exchange);   and consumption,   in   the   case   of   the   cute   (an aesthetic    disclosing    the    surprisingly    wide spectrum of feelings, ranging from tenderness to     aggression,     that     we     harbor     towards ostensibly    subordinate    and    unthreatening commodities).&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Is the Renaissance joint-stool zany, interesting, or cute? These are the categories put forward by Sianne Ngai in order  to  capture  our  contemporary  experience  of  all things  cultural,  from  ninja  bunnies  to  crowdsourced dreams:The  interesting,  cute,  and  zany  index—and are  thus  each  in  a  historically  concrete  way about—capitalism’s    most    socially    binding processes: production, in the case of the zany (an  aesthetic  about  performance  as  not  just artful    play    but    also    affective    labor);    cir-culation,   in   the   case   of   the   interesting   (a serial,   recursive   aesthetic   of   informational relays   and   communicative   exchange);   and consumption,   in   the   case   of   the   cute   (an aesthetic    disclosing    the    surprisingly    wide spectrum of feelings, ranging from tenderness to     aggression,     that     we     harbor     towards ostensibly    subordinate    and    unthreatening commodities).&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;There  exists  a  rich  metaphysical  tradition  in the  West that  engages  stuff—animal,  vegetable,  and  mineral—as lively   intensity,   as   vital   force. Take,   for   example, Spinoza’s  belief  that  every  body  (person,  fly,  stone) comes  with  a conatus or  impetus  to  seek  alliances  that enhance its vitality; or Diderot’s materialist depiction of the  universe  as  a  spiderweb  of  vibrating  threads;  or Thoreau’s   account   of   The   Wild   within   human   and nonhuman nature; or Lucretius’s physics of atoms that swerve,  which  Michel  Serres  spun  into  an  ontology  of fluctuating ado or noise. I wrote a book called Vibrant  Matter that position-ed  itself  within  this  tradition,  which  Althusser  termed “aleatory  materialism.”2 But  my  book  was  not  just  a response  to  other  books.  It  was  also,  quite  literally,  a reply  to  a  call  from  matter  that  had  congealing  into “things.”    In    particular,    some    items    of    trash    had collected  in  the  gutter  of  a  street  in  Baltimore—one large black workglove, one dense mat of oak pollen, one unblemished dead rat, one white plastic bottle cap, one smooth  stick  of  wood—and  one  sunny  day  as  I  walked by,  they  called  me  over  to  them.  I  stood  enchanted  by the tableau they formed, and for a few surreal moments thought  I  caught  a  glimpse  into  a  parallel  world  of vibrant,    powerful    things.    Sullen objects    revealed themselves  to  be expressive “actants,”  to  use  Latour’s term, or, to quote one hoarder attempting to justify his collecting, “The things speak out.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;There  exists  a  rich  metaphysical  tradition  in the  West that  engages  stuff—animal,  vegetable,  and  mineral—as lively   intensity,   as   vital   force. Take,   for   example, Spinoza’s  belief  that  every  body  (person,  fly,  stone) comes  with  a conatus or  impetus  to  seek  alliances  that enhance its vitality; or Diderot’s materialist depiction of the  universe  as  a  spiderweb  of  vibrating  threads;  or Thoreau’s   account   of   The   Wild   within   human   and nonhuman nature; or Lucretius’s physics of atoms that swerve,  which  Michel  Serres  spun  into  an  ontology  of fluctuating ado or noise. I wrote a book called Vibrant  Matter that position-ed  itself  within  this  tradition,  which  Althusser  termed “aleatory  materialism.”2 But  my  book  was  not  just  a response  to  other  books.  It  was  also,  quite  literally,  a reply  to  a  call  from  matter  that  had  congealing  into “things.”    In    particular,    some    items    of    trash    had collected  in  the  gutter  of  a  street  in  Baltimore—one large black workglove, one dense mat of oak pollen, one unblemished dead rat, one white plastic bottle cap, one smooth  stick  of  wood—and  one  sunny  day  as  I  walked by,  they  called  me  over  to  them.  I  stood  enchanted  by the tableau they formed, and for a few surreal moments thought  I  caught  a  glimpse  into  a  parallel  world  of vibrant,    powerful    things.    Sullen objects    revealed themselves  to  be expressive “actants,”  to  use  Latour’s term, or, to quote one hoarder attempting to justify his collecting, “The things speak out.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;By  the  time  you  arrive  at  this  point  in  the  collection, you  will  have  realized  that  the  essays  herein  demand  a slow   reading.   Perfect:   the   practice   of   tracing   con-nections  between  actors,  slowly,  as  Bruno  Latour’s  ant (or ANT, short for Actor Network Theory) would tell us, is  the  way  to  go.  According  to  Latour’s  self-defined “slowciology,” we are to follow the actors themselves—examining  the  relationships  they  assemble,  interrupt, or  disturb.  Latour’s  process  is “agonizingly  slow”  by necessity.2 Yet  in  writing  my  response,  I  find  myself running down a fast lane. The time when these authors first  presented  their  work  at  the  conference,  “Animal, Vegetable,  Mineral:  Ethics  and  Objects  in  the  Medieval and  Early  Modern  Periods,”  coincided  with  one  of  the most accelerated points in my doctoral career. Then as now,   I   was   deep   in   my   dissertation   topic   of   eco-materialism: reconceiving early modern waterscapes as vibrant,  living,  actor-networks  of  (non)human  desires and  assemblages.  Ecocriticism  is  a  vast  road  to  travel. And six months later, I was  racing onto the job market. Do  academics  move  too  hastily?  So  let  us slow  down. My  response  will  pick  up  on  Eileen  Joy’s  idea  of  the humanist as a “slow recording device,” a being involved in a world of complication who also describes a world of co-implication,  of  sentience,  becomings,  and  desires shared  between  actors  inanimate  and  animate.  What happens when we slow down, when we take the time to take these ethical steps seriously?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;By  the  time  you  arrive  at  this  point  in  the  collection, you  will  have  realized  that  the  essays  herein  demand  a slow   reading.   Perfect:   the   practice   of   tracing   con-nections  between  actors,  slowly,  as  Bruno  Latour’s  ant (or ANT, short for Actor Network Theory) would tell us, is  the  way  to  go.  According  to  Latour’s  self-defined “slowciology,” we are to follow the actors themselves—examining  the  relationships  they  assemble,  interrupt, or  disturb.  Latour’s  process  is “agonizingly  slow”  by necessity.2 Yet  in  writing  my  response,  I  find  myself running down a fast lane. The time when these authors first  presented  their  work  at  the  conference,  “Animal, Vegetable,  Mineral:  Ethics  and  Objects  in  the  Medieval and  Early  Modern  Periods,”  coincided  with  one  of  the most accelerated points in my doctoral career. Then as now,   I   was   deep   in   my   dissertation   topic   of   eco-materialism: reconceiving early modern waterscapes as vibrant,  living,  actor-networks  of  (non)human  desires and  assemblages.  Ecocriticism  is  a  vast  road  to  travel. And six months later, I was  racing onto the job market. Do  academics  move  too  hastily?  So  let  us slow  down. My  response  will  pick  up  on  Eileen  Joy’s  idea  of  the humanist as a “slow recording device,” a being involved in a world of complication who also describes a world of co-implication,  of  sentience,  becomings,  and  desires shared  between  actors  inanimate  and  animate.  What happens when we slow down, when we take the time to take these ethical steps seriously?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Ruinous Monument'</TitleText>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;As part of his journey to Persia in 1626, travel writer Sir Thomas  Herbert  visits  the  ruins  of  the  ancient  political center  of  the  Persian  Empire,  Persepolis.  Rather  than narrating    the    customs,    dress,    or    histories    of    the inhabitants  as  he  does  elsewhere  in  his  travelogue, A Relation   of   Some   Yeares   Travaile,   Herbert   gives   a detailed  account  of  the  size,  structure,  and  material  of the palace. He sifts through the stones of the rubble and imagines  what  they  would  have  looked  like  when  the structure  was  intact  before  Alexander  the  Great’s  con-quest.  Herbert’s  account  describes  an  encounter  with Persia’s  past,  and  is  defined  by  the  objects  that  remain after its fall. In a narrative primarily concerned with the inhabitants  of  a  foreign  place—whether  the  natives  of the  early  modern  period  or  the  ghosts  of  the ancient past—why  does  Herbert  dwell  on  the  stones  that  once made up the palace of Persepolis? This   moment   in   Herbert’s   narrative   is   one   he cannot  escape.  In  fact,  he  goes  back  to  the  section “Persepolis”    with    each    successive    edition    of    his travelogue,    reimagining    it    by    linguistically    recon-structing   it   through   narrative.   The   fragments,   then, continue to call to him long after its first publication in 1634. As the contributors to this volume suggest in their essays  about  non-human  literature  and  culture,  these seemingly  mundane  objects  are  in  fact  full  of  potential and power. Like the objects that called to Jane Bennett, inspiring  her  book Vibrant  Matter  and  resurfacing  in her   essay “Powers   of   the   Hoard,”   Herbert’s   stones beckon  to  him  to  return  to  Persia  and  to  dwell  in  its past. Persepolis—as a term, concept, space—withstands  the  test  of  time, carrying with  it  a  layered story that resides in the stones which “draw us near and provoke our deep attachments to them.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;As part of his journey to Persia in 1626, travel writer Sir Thomas  Herbert  visits  the  ruins  of  the  ancient  political center  of  the  Persian  Empire,  Persepolis.  Rather  than narrating    the    customs,    dress,    or    histories    of    the inhabitants  as  he  does  elsewhere  in  his  travelogue, A Relation   of   Some   Yeares   Travaile,   Herbert   gives   a detailed  account  of  the  size,  structure,  and  material  of the palace. He sifts through the stones of the rubble and imagines  what  they  would  have  looked  like  when  the structure  was  intact  before  Alexander  the  Great’s  con-quest.  Herbert’s  account  describes  an  encounter  with Persia’s  past,  and  is  defined  by  the  objects  that  remain after its fall. In a narrative primarily concerned with the inhabitants  of  a  foreign  place—whether  the  natives  of the  early  modern  period  or  the  ghosts  of  the ancient past—why  does  Herbert  dwell  on  the  stones  that  once made up the palace of Persepolis? This   moment   in   Herbert’s   narrative   is   one   he cannot  escape.  In  fact,  he  goes  back  to  the  section “Persepolis”    with    each    successive    edition    of    his travelogue,    reimagining    it    by    linguistically    recon-structing   it   through   narrative.   The   fragments,   then, continue to call to him long after its first publication in 1634. As the contributors to this volume suggest in their essays  about  non-human  literature  and  culture,  these seemingly  mundane  objects  are  in  fact  full  of  potential and power. Like the objects that called to Jane Bennett, inspiring  her  book Vibrant  Matter  and  resurfacing  in her   essay “Powers   of   the   Hoard,”   Herbert’s   stones beckon  to  him  to  return  to  Persia  and  to  dwell  in  its past. Persepolis—as a term, concept, space—withstands  the  test  of  time, carrying with  it  a  layered story that resides in the stones which “draw us near and provoke our deep attachments to them.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The idea of the Anthropocene often generates an overwhelming sense of abjection or apathy. It occupies the imagination as a set of circumstances that counterpose individual human actors against ungraspable scales and impossible odds. There is much at stake in how we understand the implications of this planetary imagination, and how to plot paths from this present to other less troubling futures. With Anthropocene Unseen: A Lexicon, the editors aim at a resource helpful for this task: a catalog of ways to pluralize and radicalize our picture of the Anthropocene, to make it speak more effectively to a wider range of contemporary human societies and circumstances. Organized as a lexicon for troubled times, each entry in this book recognizes the gravity of the global forecasts that invest the present with its widespread air of crisis, urgency, and apocalyptic possibility. Each also finds value in smaller scales of analysis, capturing the magnitude of an epoch in the unique resonances afforded by a single word.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The Holocene may have been the age in which we learned our letters, but we are faced now with circumstances that demand more experimental plasticity. Alternative ways of perceiving a moment can bring a halt to habitual action, opening a space for slantwise movements through the shock of the unexpected. Each small essay in this lexicon is meant to do just this, drawing from anthropology, literary studies, artistic practice, and other humanistic endeavors to open up the range of possible action by contributing some other concrete way of seeing the present. Each entry proposes a different way of conceiving this Earth from some grounded place, always in a manner that aims to provoke a different imagination of the Anthropocene as a whole.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The Anthropocene is a world-engulfing concept, drawing every thing and being imaginable into its purview, both in terms of geographic scale and temporal duration. Pronouncing an epoch in our own name may seem the ultimate act of apex species self-aggrandizement, a picture of the world as dominated by ourselves. Can we learn new ways of being in the face of this challenge, approaching the transmogrification of the ecosphere in a spirit of experimentation rather than catastrophic risk and existential dismay? This lexicon is meant as a site to imagine and explore what human beings can do differently with this time, and with its sense of peril.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The idea of the Anthropocene often generates an overwhelming sense of abjection or apathy. It occupies the imagination as a set of circumstances that counterpose individual human actors against ungraspable scales and impossible odds. There is much at stake in how we understand the implications of this planetary imagination, and how to plot paths from this present to other less troubling futures. With Anthropocene Unseen: A Lexicon, the editors aim at a resource helpful for this task: a catalog of ways to pluralize and radicalize our picture of the Anthropocene, to make it speak more effectively to a wider range of contemporary human societies and circumstances. Organized as a lexicon for troubled times, each entry in this book recognizes the gravity of the global forecasts that invest the present with its widespread air of crisis, urgency, and apocalyptic possibility. Each also finds value in smaller scales of analysis, capturing the magnitude of an epoch in the unique resonances afforded by a single word.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The Holocene may have been the age in which we learned our letters, but we are faced now with circumstances that demand more experimental plasticity. Alternative ways of perceiving a moment can bring a halt to habitual action, opening a space for slantwise movements through the shock of the unexpected. Each small essay in this lexicon is meant to do just this, drawing from anthropology, literary studies, artistic practice, and other humanistic endeavors to open up the range of possible action by contributing some other concrete way of seeing the present. Each entry proposes a different way of conceiving this Earth from some grounded place, always in a manner that aims to provoke a different imagination of the Anthropocene as a whole.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The Anthropocene is a world-engulfing concept, drawing every thing and being imaginable into its purview, both in terms of geographic scale and temporal duration. Pronouncing an epoch in our own name may seem the ultimate act of apex species self-aggrandizement, a picture of the world as dominated by ourselves. Can we learn new ways of being in the face of this challenge, approaching the transmogrification of the ecosphere in a spirit of experimentation rather than catastrophic risk and existential dismay? This lexicon is meant as a site to imagine and explore what human beings can do differently with this time, and with its sense of peril.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The idea of the Anthropocene often generates an overwhelming sense of abjection or apathy. It occupies the imagination as a set of circumstances that counterpose individual human actors against ungraspable scales and impossible odds. There is much at stake in how we understand the implications of this planetary imagination, and how to plot paths from this present to other less troubling futures. With Anthropocene Unseen: A Lexicon, the editors aim at a resource helpful for this task: a catalog of ways to pluralize and radicalize our picture of the Anthropocene, to make it speak more effectively to a wider range of contemporary human societies and circumstances. Organized as a lexicon for troubled times, each entry in this book recognizes the gravity of the global forecasts that invest the present with its widespread air of crisis, urgency, and apocalyptic possibility. Each also finds value in smaller scales of analysis, capturing the magnitude of an epoch in the unique resonances afforded by a single word.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The Holocene may have been the age in which we learned our letters, but we are faced now with circumstances that demand more experimental plasticity. Alternative ways of perceiving a moment can bring a halt to habitual action, opening a space for slantwise movements through the shock of the unexpected. Each small essay in this lexicon is meant to do just this, drawing from anthropology, literary studies, artistic practice, and other humanistic endeavors to open up the range of possible action by contributing some other concrete way of seeing the present. Each entry proposes a different way of conceiving this Earth from some grounded place, always in a manner that aims to provoke a different imagination of the Anthropocene as a whole.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The Anthropocene is a world-engulfing concept, drawing every thing and being imaginable into its purview, both in terms of geographic scale and temporal duration. Pronouncing an epoch in our own name may seem the ultimate act of apex species self-aggrandizement, a picture of the world as dominated by ourselves. Can we learn new ways of being in the face of this challenge, approaching the transmogrification of the ecosphere in a spirit of experimentation rather than catastrophic risk and existential dismay? This lexicon is meant as a site to imagine and explore what human beings can do differently with this time, and with its sense of peril.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Antiracism Inc. traces the ways people along the political spectrum appropriate, incorporate, and neutralize antiracist discourses to perpetuate injustice. It also examines the ways organizers continue to struggle for racial justice in the context of such appropriations. Antiracism Inc. reveals how antiracist claims can be used to propagate racism, and what we can do about it.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;While related to colorblind, multicultural, and diversity discourses, the appropriation of antiracist rhetoric as a strategy for advancing neoliberal and neoconservative agendas is a unique phenomenon that requires careful interrogation and analysis. Those who co-opt antiracist language and practice do not necessarily deny racial difference, biases, or inequalities. Instead, by performing themselves conservatively as non-racists or liberally as ‘authentic’ antiracists, they purport to be aligned with racial justice even while advancing the logics and practices of systemic racism.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Antiracism Inc. therefore considers new ways of struggling toward racial justice in a world that constantly steals and misuses radical ideas and practices. The collection focuses on people and methods that do not seek inclusion in the hierarchical order of gendered racial capitalism. Rather, the collection focuses on aggrieved peoples who have always had to negotiate state violence and cultural erasure, but who work to build the worlds they envision. These collectivities seek to transform social structures and establish a new social warrant guided by what W.E.B. Du Bois called “abolition democracy,” a way of being and thinking that privileges people, mutual interdependence, and ecological harmony over individualist self-aggrandizement and profits. These aggrieved collectivities reshape social relations away from the violence and alienation inherent to gendered racial capitalism, and towards the well-being of the commons. Antiracism Inc. articulates methodologies that strive toward freedom dreams without imposing monolithic or authoritative definitions of resistance. Because power seeks to neutralize revolutionary action through incorporation as much as elimination, these freedom dreams, as well as the language used to articulate them, are constantly transformed through the critical and creative interventions stemming from the active engagement in liberation struggles.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Antiracism Inc. traces the ways people along the political spectrum appropriate, incorporate, and neutralize antiracist discourses to perpetuate injustice. It also examines the ways organizers continue to struggle for racial justice in the context of such appropriations. Antiracism Inc. reveals how antiracist claims can be used to propagate racism, and what we can do about it.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;While related to colorblind, multicultural, and diversity discourses, the appropriation of antiracist rhetoric as a strategy for advancing neoliberal and neoconservative agendas is a unique phenomenon that requires careful interrogation and analysis. Those who co-opt antiracist language and practice do not necessarily deny racial difference, biases, or inequalities. Instead, by performing themselves conservatively as non-racists or liberally as ‘authentic’ antiracists, they purport to be aligned with racial justice even while advancing the logics and practices of systemic racism.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Antiracism Inc. therefore considers new ways of struggling toward racial justice in a world that constantly steals and misuses radical ideas and practices. The collection focuses on people and methods that do not seek inclusion in the hierarchical order of gendered racial capitalism. Rather, the collection focuses on aggrieved peoples who have always had to negotiate state violence and cultural erasure, but who work to build the worlds they envision. These collectivities seek to transform social structures and establish a new social warrant guided by what W.E.B. Du Bois called “abolition democracy,” a way of being and thinking that privileges people, mutual interdependence, and ecological harmony over individualist self-aggrandizement and profits. These aggrieved collectivities reshape social relations away from the violence and alienation inherent to gendered racial capitalism, and towards the well-being of the commons. Antiracism Inc. articulates methodologies that strive toward freedom dreams without imposing monolithic or authoritative definitions of resistance. Because power seeks to neutralize revolutionary action through incorporation as much as elimination, these freedom dreams, as well as the language used to articulate them, are constantly transformed through the critical and creative interventions stemming from the active engagement in liberation struggles.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Antiracism Inc. traces the ways people along the political spectrum appropriate, incorporate, and neutralize antiracist discourses to perpetuate injustice. It also examines the ways organizers continue to struggle for racial justice in the context of such appropriations. Antiracism Inc. reveals how antiracist claims can be used to propagate racism, and what we can do about it.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;While related to colorblind, multicultural, and diversity discourses, the appropriation of antiracist rhetoric as a strategy for advancing neoliberal and neoconservative agendas is a unique phenomenon that requires careful interrogation and analysis. Those who co-opt antiracist language and practice do not necessarily deny racial difference, biases, or inequalities. Instead, by performing themselves conservatively as non-racists or liberally as ‘authentic’ antiracists, they purport to be aligned with racial justice even while advancing the logics and practices of systemic racism.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Antiracism Inc. therefore considers new ways of struggling toward racial justice in a world that constantly steals and misuses radical ideas and practices. The collection focuses on people and methods that do not seek inclusion in the hierarchical order of gendered racial capitalism. Rather, the collection focuses on aggrieved peoples who have always had to negotiate state violence and cultural erasure, but who work to build the worlds they envision. These collectivities seek to transform social structures and establish a new social warrant guided by what W.E.B. Du Bois called “abolition democracy,” a way of being and thinking that privileges people, mutual interdependence, and ecological harmony over individualist self-aggrandizement and profits. These aggrieved collectivities reshape social relations away from the violence and alienation inherent to gendered racial capitalism, and towards the well-being of the commons. Antiracism Inc. articulates methodologies that strive toward freedom dreams without imposing monolithic or authoritative definitions of resistance. Because power seeks to neutralize revolutionary action through incorporation as much as elimination, these freedom dreams, as well as the language used to articulate them, are constantly transformed through the critical and creative interventions stemming from the active engagement in liberation struggles.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Antiracism Inc. traces the ways people along the political spectrum appropriate, incorporate, and neutralize antiracist discourses to perpetuate injustice. It also examines the ways organizers continue to struggle for racial justice in the context of such appropriations. Antiracism Inc. reveals how antiracist claims can be used to propagate racism, and what we can do about it.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;While related to colorblind, multicultural, and diversity discourses, the appropriation of antiracist rhetoric as a strategy for advancing neoliberal and neoconservative agendas is a unique phenomenon that requires careful interrogation and analysis. Those who co-opt antiracist language and practice do not necessarily deny racial difference, biases, or inequalities. Instead, by performing themselves conservatively as non-racists or liberally as ‘authentic’ antiracists, they purport to be aligned with racial justice even while advancing the logics and practices of systemic racism.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Antiracism Inc. therefore considers new ways of struggling toward racial justice in a world that constantly steals and misuses radical ideas and practices. The collection focuses on people and methods that do not seek inclusion in the hierarchical order of gendered racial capitalism. Rather, the collection focuses on aggrieved peoples who have always had to negotiate state violence and cultural erasure, but who work to build the worlds they envision. These collectivities seek to transform social structures and establish a new social warrant guided by what W.E.B. Du Bois called “abolition democracy,” a way of being and thinking that privileges people, mutual interdependence, and ecological harmony over individualist self-aggrandizement and profits. These aggrieved collectivities reshape social relations away from the violence and alienation inherent to gendered racial capitalism, and towards the well-being of the commons. Antiracism Inc. articulates methodologies that strive toward freedom dreams without imposing monolithic or authoritative definitions of resistance. Because power seeks to neutralize revolutionary action through incorporation as much as elimination, these freedom dreams, as well as the language used to articulate them, are constantly transformed through the critical and creative interventions stemming from the active engagement in liberation struggles.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;What is soul? Can it be forfeited? Can it be traded away? If it can, what would ensue? What consequences would follow from loss of soul — for the individual, for society, for the earth?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In the early nineteenth century, Goethe’s hero, Faust, became a defining archetype of modernity, a harbinger of the existential possibilities and moral complexities of the modern condition. But today the dire consequences of the Faustian pact with the devil are becoming alarmingly visible. In light of this, how would Goethe’s arguably flawed drama play out in a 21st-century century setting? Would a contemporary Faust sign up to a demonic deal? Indeed what, in the wake of two hundred years of social and economic development, would be left for the devil to offer him? A contemporary Faust would already possess everything the original Faust in his ascetic cloister lacked — affluence and mobility; celebrity and worldly influence; access to information; religious choice; sexual freedom and the availability of women — though women, it must be noted, currently also partake of that same freedom. The only thing a present-day Faust would lack would be his soul. Would he miss it? Does soul even exist? If it does, it would of course be the one thing the devil could not bestow. So from what or whom could Faust retrieve it? What, in a word, would a contemporary Faust most deeply desire?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In pursuit of these questions, Ardea engages a familiar but possibly faulty archetype, that of Faust, with an unfamiliar one, that of the white heron, borrowed from a short story of the same name by nineteenth-century American author, Sarah Orne Jewett. In Jewett’s tale, a soul-pact of an entirely different kind from that entered into by Faust is proposed. It is a pact with the wild, a pledge of fealty, of non-forfeiture, that promises to redraw the violent psycho-sexual and psycho-spiritual patterns that have underpinned modernity. How would a present-day heir to the Faustian tradition, ingrained with the habit of entitlement but also burdened with the consequences of the old pact, respond to the new proposition?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;What is soul? Can it be forfeited? Can it be traded away? If it can, what would ensue? What consequences would follow from loss of soul — for the individual, for society, for the earth?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In the early nineteenth century, Goethe’s hero, Faust, became a defining archetype of modernity, a harbinger of the existential possibilities and moral complexities of the modern condition. But today the dire consequences of the Faustian pact with the devil are becoming alarmingly visible. In light of this, how would Goethe’s arguably flawed drama play out in a 21st-century century setting? Would a contemporary Faust sign up to a demonic deal? Indeed what, in the wake of two hundred years of social and economic development, would be left for the devil to offer him? A contemporary Faust would already possess everything the original Faust in his ascetic cloister lacked — affluence and mobility; celebrity and worldly influence; access to information; religious choice; sexual freedom and the availability of women — though women, it must be noted, currently also partake of that same freedom. The only thing a present-day Faust would lack would be his soul. Would he miss it? Does soul even exist? If it does, it would of course be the one thing the devil could not bestow. So from what or whom could Faust retrieve it? What, in a word, would a contemporary Faust most deeply desire?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In pursuit of these questions, Ardea engages a familiar but possibly faulty archetype, that of Faust, with an unfamiliar one, that of the white heron, borrowed from a short story of the same name by nineteenth-century American author, Sarah Orne Jewett. In Jewett’s tale, a soul-pact of an entirely different kind from that entered into by Faust is proposed. It is a pact with the wild, a pledge of fealty, of non-forfeiture, that promises to redraw the violent psycho-sexual and psycho-spiritual patterns that have underpinned modernity. How would a present-day heir to the Faustian tradition, ingrained with the habit of entitlement but also burdened with the consequences of the old pact, respond to the new proposition?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Artificial Earth: A Genealogy of Planetary Technicity offers an intellectual history of humanity as a geological force, focusing on a prevalent contradiction in the Anthropocene discourse on global environmental change: on the one hand, it has been argued that there are hardly any pristine environments anymore, to the degree that the concept of nature has lost its meaning; while on the other, that anthropogenic environmental change has become so prevailing that it ought to be conceived of as a force of nature, in the literal sense of the expression. Artificial Earth argues that to fully grasp the stakes of this discourse, we need not only understand the contemporary scientific and technological transformations behind the Anthropocene, but also explore the history of an ontological concern tied up with it.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In order to do so, Artificial Earth examines reflections on the ontological dualism between nature and artifice within the history of earth science from the late eighteenth century onwards. Paying particular attention to its consequences for how human subjectivity has been conceptualized in the Anthropocene, it then enrolls these resources in an effort to problematize attempts since the 1980s to formalize earth science in systems theory terminology. In sum, the aim is to investigate the historical conditions for the possibility of conceiving human artifice as an integral part of the earth’s terrestrial environment, with the conviction that such an investigation may assist in resolving the aforementioned contradiction or at least to understand it better by tracing its historical lineage.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Artificial Earth: A Genealogy of Planetary Technicity offers an intellectual history of humanity as a geological force, focusing on a prevalent contradiction in the Anthropocene discourse on global environmental change: on the one hand, it has been argued that there are hardly any pristine environments anymore, to the degree that the concept of nature has lost its meaning; while on the other, that anthropogenic environmental change has become so prevailing that it ought to be conceived of as a force of nature, in the literal sense of the expression. Artificial Earth argues that to fully grasp the stakes of this discourse, we need not only understand the contemporary scientific and technological transformations behind the Anthropocene, but also explore the history of an ontological concern tied up with it.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In order to do so, Artificial Earth examines reflections on the ontological dualism between nature and artifice within the history of earth science from the late eighteenth century onwards. Paying particular attention to its consequences for how human subjectivity has been conceptualized in the Anthropocene, it then enrolls these resources in an effort to problematize attempts since the 1980s to formalize earth science in systems theory terminology. In sum, the aim is to investigate the historical conditions for the possibility of conceiving human artifice as an integral part of the earth’s terrestrial environment, with the conviction that such an investigation may assist in resolving the aforementioned contradiction or at least to understand it better by tracing its historical lineage.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Artificial Earth: A Genealogy of Planetary Technicity offers an intellectual history of humanity as a geological force, focusing on a prevalent contradiction in the Anthropocene discourse on global environmental change: on the one hand, it has been argued that there are hardly any pristine environments anymore, to the degree that the concept of nature has lost its meaning; while on the other, that anthropogenic environmental change has become so prevailing that it ought to be conceived of as a force of nature, in the literal sense of the expression. Artificial Earth argues that to fully grasp the stakes of this discourse, we need not only understand the contemporary scientific and technological transformations behind the Anthropocene, but also explore the history of an ontological concern tied up with it.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In order to do so, Artificial Earth examines reflections on the ontological dualism between nature and artifice within the history of earth science from the late eighteenth century onwards. Paying particular attention to its consequences for how human subjectivity has been conceptualized in the Anthropocene, it then enrolls these resources in an effort to problematize attempts since the 1980s to formalize earth science in systems theory terminology. In sum, the aim is to investigate the historical conditions for the possibility of conceiving human artifice as an integral part of the earth’s terrestrial environment, with the conviction that such an investigation may assist in resolving the aforementioned contradiction or at least to understand it better by tracing its historical lineage.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Artificial Earth: A Genealogy of Planetary Technicity offers an intellectual history of humanity as a geological force, focusing on a prevalent contradiction in the Anthropocene discourse on global environmental change: on the one hand, it has been argued that there are hardly any pristine environments anymore, to the degree that the concept of nature has lost its meaning; while on the other, that anthropogenic environmental change has become so prevailing that it ought to be conceived of as a force of nature, in the literal sense of the expression. Artificial Earth argues that to fully grasp the stakes of this discourse, we need not only understand the contemporary scientific and technological transformations behind the Anthropocene, but also explore the history of an ontological concern tied up with it.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In order to do so, Artificial Earth examines reflections on the ontological dualism between nature and artifice within the history of earth science from the late eighteenth century onwards. Paying particular attention to its consequences for how human subjectivity has been conceptualized in the Anthropocene, it then enrolls these resources in an effort to problematize attempts since the 1980s to formalize earth science in systems theory terminology. In sum, the aim is to investigate the historical conditions for the possibility of conceiving human artifice as an integral part of the earth’s terrestrial environment, with the conviction that such an investigation may assist in resolving the aforementioned contradiction or at least to understand it better by tracing its historical lineage.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;These fragments collected here (in 2 books, “A Rushed Quality” and “Bodying Forth”) belong neither to philosophy nor to poetry — and yet they are for the most part focused on a substantial area of overlap between these two venerable disciplines, vis-à-vis the question, “What is it like to be X?” Philosophers like to fill in the X with something exotic like a bat or a dolphin, or even an Artificial Intelligence, while poets tend to fill it with something else, equally exotic, namely themselves. For the diffident and introspective author of A Rushed Quality and Bodying Forth, the X, while definitely human, is perhaps someone in general, equally distant from and equally intimate with both the writer and the reader in the very moment of their eponymous activity.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The start of it all was the perception of what was called the “rushed quality,” as something persistent and bothersome and of which there was no question of its ever being shed. Rather than evaded or denied, it was welcomed because it seemed for the first time since childhood to mark a structural occurrence presenting a new metaphysical datum. As it happened, this quality proved very elusive in its mature bothersomeness and the inquiry into it soon turned into a sort of quasi-theoretical fascination, which took as its main theme the fate of pure subjectivity — the utterly unfunctional, utterly useless, utterly dispensible feeling of being. The rushed quality is perhaps merely the sense of it draining away, or its long-sustained decrescendo.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;These fragments collected here (in 2 books, “A Rushed Quality” and “Bodying Forth”) belong neither to philosophy nor to poetry — and yet they are for the most part focused on a substantial area of overlap between these two venerable disciplines, vis-à-vis the question, “What is it like to be X?” Philosophers like to fill in the X with something exotic like a bat or a dolphin, or even an Artificial Intelligence, while poets tend to fill it with something else, equally exotic, namely themselves. For the diffident and introspective author of A Rushed Quality and Bodying Forth, the X, while definitely human, is perhaps someone in general, equally distant from and equally intimate with both the writer and the reader in the very moment of their eponymous activity.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The start of it all was the perception of what was called the “rushed quality,” as something persistent and bothersome and of which there was no question of its ever being shed. Rather than evaded or denied, it was welcomed because it seemed for the first time since childhood to mark a structural occurrence presenting a new metaphysical datum. As it happened, this quality proved very elusive in its mature bothersomeness and the inquiry into it soon turned into a sort of quasi-theoretical fascination, which took as its main theme the fate of pure subjectivity — the utterly unfunctional, utterly useless, utterly dispensible feeling of being. The rushed quality is perhaps merely the sense of it draining away, or its long-sustained decrescendo.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;These fragments collected here (in 2 books, “A Rushed Quality” and “Bodying Forth”) belong neither to philosophy nor to poetry — and yet they are for the most part focused on a substantial area of overlap between these two venerable disciplines, vis-à-vis the question, “What is it like to be X?” Philosophers like to fill in the X with something exotic like a bat or a dolphin, or even an Artificial Intelligence, while poets tend to fill it with something else, equally exotic, namely themselves. For the diffident and introspective author of A Rushed Quality and Bodying Forth, the X, while definitely human, is perhaps someone in general, equally distant from and equally intimate with both the writer and the reader in the very moment of their eponymous activity.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The start of it all was the perception of what was called the “rushed quality,” as something persistent and bothersome and of which there was no question of its ever being shed. Rather than evaded or denied, it was welcomed because it seemed for the first time since childhood to mark a structural occurrence presenting a new metaphysical datum. As it happened, this quality proved very elusive in its mature bothersomeness and the inquiry into it soon turned into a sort of quasi-theoretical fascination, which took as its main theme the fate of pure subjectivity — the utterly unfunctional, utterly useless, utterly dispensible feeling of being. The rushed quality is perhaps merely the sense of it draining away, or its long-sustained decrescendo.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;These fragments collected here (in 2 books, “A Rushed Quality” and “Bodying Forth”) belong neither to philosophy nor to poetry — and yet they are for the most part focused on a substantial area of overlap between these two venerable disciplines, vis-à-vis the question, “What is it like to be X?” Philosophers like to fill in the X with something exotic like a bat or a dolphin, or even an Artificial Intelligence, while poets tend to fill it with something else, equally exotic, namely themselves. For the diffident and introspective author of A Rushed Quality and Bodying Forth, the X, while definitely human, is perhaps someone in general, equally distant from and equally intimate with both the writer and the reader in the very moment of their eponymous activity.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The start of it all was the perception of what was called the “rushed quality,” as something persistent and bothersome and of which there was no question of its ever being shed. Rather than evaded or denied, it was welcomed because it seemed for the first time since childhood to mark a structural occurrence presenting a new metaphysical datum. As it happened, this quality proved very elusive in its mature bothersomeness and the inquiry into it soon turned into a sort of quasi-theoretical fascination, which took as its main theme the fate of pure subjectivity — the utterly unfunctional, utterly useless, utterly dispensible feeling of being. The rushed quality is perhaps merely the sense of it draining away, or its long-sustained decrescendo.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The Atlas of Petromodernity is many things in one: historical and geographical non-fiction, cultural theory essay, and picture book. In forty-four short essays, inspired by an equal amount of pictorial findings, Klose and Steininger develop a technical, geographical, political, and speculative panorama of the declining era of petroleum modernity.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The authors stroll through Baku, Rotterdam, and Louisiana, into Manchuria and through the Vienna Basin. They read Bertolt Brecht, technical manuals, and petroculture theory, and they listen to Neil Young. They go to the moon, through refineries and over highways emptied by the COVID-19 pandemic. They confront petrochemistry with petromelancholy, catalysis with catharsis, cosmos with cosmetics. The Atlas of Petromodernity tackles the contradictory ambivalences of a substance that has been vital for our epoch, and whose roles and meanings need to be understood in order to be able to leave this epoch behind.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The Atlas of Petromodernity is many things in one: historical and geographical non-fiction, cultural theory essay, and picture book. In forty-four short essays, inspired by an equal amount of pictorial findings, Klose and Steininger develop a technical, geographical, political, and speculative panorama of the declining era of petroleum modernity.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The authors stroll through Baku, Rotterdam, and Louisiana, into Manchuria and through the Vienna Basin. They read Bertolt Brecht, technical manuals, and petroculture theory, and they listen to Neil Young. They go to the moon, through refineries and over highways emptied by the COVID-19 pandemic. They confront petrochemistry with petromelancholy, catalysis with catharsis, cosmos with cosmetics. The Atlas of Petromodernity tackles the contradictory ambivalences of a substance that has been vital for our epoch, and whose roles and meanings need to be understood in order to be able to leave this epoch behind.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Drawing on the vast archival resources of its Architecture and Design Collection, the UCSB Art, Design &amp;amp; Architecture Museum (University of California, Santa Barbara) presents an assessment of 50 years of design by Barton Myers (b. 1934), beginning with his work in the Toronto firm A.J. Diamond and Barton Myers (1967–1975) to his own offices in Toronto and Los Angeles, Barton Myers Associates (1975–present).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Myers’s strongest architectural ideas come out of the planning strategies of his early neighborhood activism in 1970s Toronto, his grounding in history, and his training in the classical traditions of site and space planning. Barton Myers is an avowed urbanist—a self-described radical in his early advocacy of old-fashioned qualities like density, mixed-use of new and re-purposed materials, and contextual planning in the late 1960s when that fundamentally conservative position was considered counter-culture. Myers’ urban manifesto was codified in “Vacant Lottery,” the title of the Design Quarterly issue co-edited by Myers and Canadian architect and educator George Baird in 1978 and which led to a renewal of interest in urban planning and offered a strategy for increasing population densities within cities while preserving the existing residential fabric. The term lived on long past the journal’s circulation cycle as both an urban infill strategy and an acknowledgment of the ceding of city planning responsibility to the “lottery” of private developers. Myers’s design practice has thus always been a social justice practice as well. Myers is also a brilliant designer of residential houses that take advantage of local landscape contexts and adaptive reuse of building materials, including steel and glass. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Five essays – on urban planning, civic structures, reuse of historic buildings, single- and multi-family housing, and theaters – reinforce Myers’s commitment to urbanism and reveal his flexibility with modes of modernism. Natalie Shivers introduces the early planning work in Toronto and traces the “vacant lottery” idea of neighborhood infill to the influential Grand Avenue project in Los Angeles. Howard Shubert examines the architectural and planning strategies, and political complexities, of several civic structures in Canada and the United States. Luis Hoyos explores Myers’s additions and adaptations to historic buildings in diverse urban contexts. Lauren Bricker focuses on the use of steel and other industrial materials in Myers’s houses and analyses the neighborhood-based designs of his multi-family housing. Charles Oakley describes the technical innovations, site planning, and historical underpinnings of Myers’s theaters and performance complexes.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Drawing on the vast archival resources of its Architecture and Design Collection, the UCSB Art, Design &amp;amp; Architecture Museum (University of California, Santa Barbara) presents an assessment of 50 years of design by Barton Myers (b. 1934), beginning with his work in the Toronto firm A.J. Diamond and Barton Myers (1967–1975) to his own offices in Toronto and Los Angeles, Barton Myers Associates (1975–present).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Myers’s strongest architectural ideas come out of the planning strategies of his early neighborhood activism in 1970s Toronto, his grounding in history, and his training in the classical traditions of site and space planning. Barton Myers is an avowed urbanist—a self-described radical in his early advocacy of old-fashioned qualities like density, mixed-use of new and re-purposed materials, and contextual planning in the late 1960s when that fundamentally conservative position was considered counter-culture. Myers’ urban manifesto was codified in “Vacant Lottery,” the title of the Design Quarterly issue co-edited by Myers and Canadian architect and educator George Baird in 1978 and which led to a renewal of interest in urban planning and offered a strategy for increasing population densities within cities while preserving the existing residential fabric. The term lived on long past the journal’s circulation cycle as both an urban infill strategy and an acknowledgment of the ceding of city planning responsibility to the “lottery” of private developers. Myers’s design practice has thus always been a social justice practice as well. Myers is also a brilliant designer of residential houses that take advantage of local landscape contexts and adaptive reuse of building materials, including steel and glass. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Five essays – on urban planning, civic structures, reuse of historic buildings, single- and multi-family housing, and theaters – reinforce Myers’s commitment to urbanism and reveal his flexibility with modes of modernism. Natalie Shivers introduces the early planning work in Toronto and traces the “vacant lottery” idea of neighborhood infill to the influential Grand Avenue project in Los Angeles. Howard Shubert examines the architectural and planning strategies, and political complexities, of several civic structures in Canada and the United States. Luis Hoyos explores Myers’s additions and adaptations to historic buildings in diverse urban contexts. Lauren Bricker focuses on the use of steel and other industrial materials in Myers’s houses and analyses the neighborhood-based designs of his multi-family housing. Charles Oakley describes the technical innovations, site planning, and historical underpinnings of Myers’s theaters and performance complexes.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Drawing on the vast archival resources of its Architecture and Design Collection, the UCSB Art, Design &amp;amp; Architecture Museum (University of California, Santa Barbara) presents an assessment of 50 years of design by Barton Myers (b. 1934), beginning with his work in the Toronto firm A.J. Diamond and Barton Myers (1967–1975) to his own offices in Toronto and Los Angeles, Barton Myers Associates (1975–present).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Myers’s strongest architectural ideas come out of the planning strategies of his early neighborhood activism in 1970s Toronto, his grounding in history, and his training in the classical traditions of site and space planning. Barton Myers is an avowed urbanist—a self-described radical in his early advocacy of old-fashioned qualities like density, mixed-use of new and re-purposed materials, and contextual planning in the late 1960s when that fundamentally conservative position was considered counter-culture. Myers’ urban manifesto was codified in “Vacant Lottery,” the title of the Design Quarterly issue co-edited by Myers and Canadian architect and educator George Baird in 1978 and which led to a renewal of interest in urban planning and offered a strategy for increasing population densities within cities while preserving the existing residential fabric. The term lived on long past the journal’s circulation cycle as both an urban infill strategy and an acknowledgment of the ceding of city planning responsibility to the “lottery” of private developers. Myers’s design practice has thus always been a social justice practice as well. Myers is also a brilliant designer of residential houses that take advantage of local landscape contexts and adaptive reuse of building materials, including steel and glass. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Five essays – on urban planning, civic structures, reuse of historic buildings, single- and multi-family housing, and theaters – reinforce Myers’s commitment to urbanism and reveal his flexibility with modes of modernism. Natalie Shivers introduces the early planning work in Toronto and traces the “vacant lottery” idea of neighborhood infill to the influential Grand Avenue project in Los Angeles. Howard Shubert examines the architectural and planning strategies, and political complexities, of several civic structures in Canada and the United States. Luis Hoyos explores Myers’s additions and adaptations to historic buildings in diverse urban contexts. Lauren Bricker focuses on the use of steel and other industrial materials in Myers’s houses and analyses the neighborhood-based designs of his multi-family housing. Charles Oakley describes the technical innovations, site planning, and historical underpinnings of Myers’s theaters and performance complexes.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Drawing on the vast archival resources of its Architecture and Design Collection, the UCSB Art, Design &amp;amp; Architecture Museum (University of California, Santa Barbara) presents an assessment of 50 years of design by Barton Myers (b. 1934), beginning with his work in the Toronto firm A.J. Diamond and Barton Myers (1967–1975) to his own offices in Toronto and Los Angeles, Barton Myers Associates (1975–present).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Myers’s strongest architectural ideas come out of the planning strategies of his early neighborhood activism in 1970s Toronto, his grounding in history, and his training in the classical traditions of site and space planning. Barton Myers is an avowed urbanist—a self-described radical in his early advocacy of old-fashioned qualities like density, mixed-use of new and re-purposed materials, and contextual planning in the late 1960s when that fundamentally conservative position was considered counter-culture. Myers’ urban manifesto was codified in “Vacant Lottery,” the title of the Design Quarterly issue co-edited by Myers and Canadian architect and educator George Baird in 1978 and which led to a renewal of interest in urban planning and offered a strategy for increasing population densities within cities while preserving the existing residential fabric. The term lived on long past the journal’s circulation cycle as both an urban infill strategy and an acknowledgment of the ceding of city planning responsibility to the “lottery” of private developers. Myers’s design practice has thus always been a social justice practice as well. Myers is also a brilliant designer of residential houses that take advantage of local landscape contexts and adaptive reuse of building materials, including steel and glass. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Five essays – on urban planning, civic structures, reuse of historic buildings, single- and multi-family housing, and theaters – reinforce Myers’s commitment to urbanism and reveal his flexibility with modes of modernism. Natalie Shivers introduces the early planning work in Toronto and traces the “vacant lottery” idea of neighborhood infill to the influential Grand Avenue project in Los Angeles. Howard Shubert examines the architectural and planning strategies, and political complexities, of several civic structures in Canada and the United States. Luis Hoyos explores Myers’s additions and adaptations to historic buildings in diverse urban contexts. Lauren Bricker focuses on the use of steel and other industrial materials in Myers’s houses and analyses the neighborhood-based designs of his multi-family housing. Charles Oakley describes the technical innovations, site planning, and historical underpinnings of Myers’s theaters and performance complexes.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Bathroom Songs represents the first study to consider the poetry of one of the most significant literary theorists of the late-twen-tieth  and  early-twenty-first  centuries,  Eve  Kosofsky  Sedgwick.  Most renowned for her trilogy of ground-breaking, queer-theo-retical  texts — Between Men: English Literature and Male Homo-social Desire (1985), Epistemology of the Closet (1990), and Ten-dencies  (1993)  —  Sedgwick  was,  from  the  outset,  and  always  in  her mind a poet. For example, as Hal A. Sedgwick documented, all of the entries on his wife’s CV from 1967 to 1975 were prizes for poetry.2 In 1977, Sedgwick submitted her first book of poems, Traceable, Salient, Thirsty, to various presses, containing key po-ems  from  the  previous  four  years;  but  the  volume,  bafflingly,  failed to find a publisher.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Bathroom Songs represents the first study to consider the poetry of one of the most significant literary theorists of the late-twen-tieth  and  early-twenty-first  centuries,  Eve  Kosofsky  Sedgwick.  Most renowned for her trilogy of ground-breaking, queer-theo-retical  texts — Between Men: English Literature and Male Homo-social Desire (1985), Epistemology of the Closet (1990), and Ten-dencies  (1993)  —  Sedgwick  was,  from  the  outset,  and  always  in  her mind a poet. For example, as Hal A. Sedgwick documented, all of the entries on his wife’s CV from 1967 to 1975 were prizes for poetry.2 In 1977, Sedgwick submitted her first book of poems, Traceable, Salient, Thirsty, to various presses, containing key po-ems  from  the  previous  four  years;  but  the  volume,  bafflingly,  failed to find a publisher.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;I began writing this essay in what used to be a child’s bedroom. Perched at the small desk by the doll’s house, I looked away to my  right  and  saw  how  the  enormous  sash  window  smoothly  held my reflection among the lights and the trees outside. This uncanny  framing,  this  return  to  the  fascination  of  reflection  among  the  tactile  technologies  of  childhood  imagination  feels  like a fitting place to begin thinking about one of the first poems Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick ever published: ‘An Essay on the Picture P l a n e ’.According  to  Fat  Art,  Thin  Art,  Sedgwick  composed  the  poem  in  1973  but  the  tiny  discrepancies  —  a  missing  line  here,  an extra comma there — between the publication of the poem in The Poetry Miscellany in 1975 and the collection of the poem in 1994 hint that the latter text is the product of a slight return to a younger muse, a muse still theorizing the world around her. My own return to ‘An Essay on the Picture Plane’ oscillates between a  question  and  an  instruction  that  Sedgwick’s  poem  scratched  up from my own childhood. The question: “What are you look-ing  at?”  The  instruction:  “Look  with  your  eyes,  not  with  your  hands”. I learnt both at school. And both, like ‘An Essay on the Picture Plane’, left me tongue-tied.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;I began writing this essay in what used to be a child’s bedroom. Perched at the small desk by the doll’s house, I looked away to my  right  and  saw  how  the  enormous  sash  window  smoothly  held my reflection among the lights and the trees outside. This uncanny  framing,  this  return  to  the  fascination  of  reflection  among  the  tactile  technologies  of  childhood  imagination  feels  like a fitting place to begin thinking about one of the first poems Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick ever published: ‘An Essay on the Picture P l a n e ’.According  to  Fat  Art,  Thin  Art,  Sedgwick  composed  the  poem  in  1973  but  the  tiny  discrepancies  —  a  missing  line  here,  an extra comma there — between the publication of the poem in The Poetry Miscellany in 1975 and the collection of the poem in 1994 hint that the latter text is the product of a slight return to a younger muse, a muse still theorizing the world around her. My own return to ‘An Essay on the Picture Plane’ oscillates between a  question  and  an  instruction  that  Sedgwick’s  poem  scratched  up from my own childhood. The question: “What are you look-ing  at?”  The  instruction:  “Look  with  your  eyes,  not  with  your  hands”. I learnt both at school. And both, like ‘An Essay on the Picture Plane’, left me tongue-tied.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">The Abject Animal Poetics of 'The Warm Decembers'</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Ben Westwood</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Sedgwick’s long, unfinished verse novel, ‘The Warm Decembers’ (c. 1978–1986),  invites  us  to  think  carefully  about  the  relations  between  humans  and  animals,  the  value  of  animals  in  poetry,  and  how  these  ideas  might  link  to  the  abject.  In  what  follows,  these points of connection emerge as functions of the “perverse, desiring  energies”  which,  Sedgwick  suggests,  animate  and  col-our  the  poem’s  representation  of  boundaries  between  states  of  being, between, that is, beings dead and alive, past and present, real  and  fictional,  and  human  and  animal.1  In  ‘The  Warm  De-cembers’, animals are figures of the abject, which intensify and diversify the poem’s expressive capabilities. They are represent-ed as something other than the simple outside of humanity, as parts of structures which are never stable but constantly folding in on themselves or dissolving into indistinctness. And, in this linguistic and conceptual reconfiguration, Sedgwick offers a vi-sion  of  how  the  category  of  the  abject  can  help  us  re-describe  our relations with different forms of animal life and a vision of how  animals  can  offer  writers  uniquely  flexible  models  for  ar-ticulation and expression.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Sedgwick’s long, unfinished verse novel, ‘The Warm Decembers’ (c. 1978–1986),  invites  us  to  think  carefully  about  the  relations  between  humans  and  animals,  the  value  of  animals  in  poetry,  and  how  these  ideas  might  link  to  the  abject.  In  what  follows,  these points of connection emerge as functions of the “perverse, desiring  energies”  which,  Sedgwick  suggests,  animate  and  col-our  the  poem’s  representation  of  boundaries  between  states  of  being, between, that is, beings dead and alive, past and present, real  and  fictional,  and  human  and  animal.1  In  ‘The  Warm  De-cembers’, animals are figures of the abject, which intensify and diversify the poem’s expressive capabilities. They are represent-ed as something other than the simple outside of humanity, as parts of structures which are never stable but constantly folding in on themselves or dissolving into indistinctness. And, in this linguistic and conceptual reconfiguration, Sedgwick offers a vi-sion  of  how  the  category  of  the  abject  can  help  us  re-describe  our relations with different forms of animal life and a vision of how  animals  can  offer  writers  uniquely  flexible  models  for  ar-ticulation and expression.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Eve's Muse</TitleText>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In ‘A Poem is Being Written’, Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick declares:I have spent — wasted — a long time gazing in renewed stu-pefaction at the stupidity and psychic expense of my failure, during  [my  teen  years],  to  make  the  obvious  swerve  that  would  have  connected  my  homosexual  desire  and  identifi-cation  with  my  need  and  love,  as  a  woman,  of  women.  The gesture would have been more a tautology even than a con-nection. Yet it went and has still gone unmade.4Sedgwick’s coming out as, to put it crudely, not a lesbian is sand-wiched  in  between  her  description  of  her  deep  depression  as  a  teenager  and  a  self-identification  that  has  earned  her  some  praise, lots of scorn, and even more virulent forms of criticism: “In among the many ways I do identify as a woman, the identi-fication  as  a  gay  person  is  a  firmly  male  one,  identification  ‘as’  a gay man; and in among its tortuous, and alienating paths are knit the relations, for me, of telling and of knowing”.5 Related to this, she explains, is the fact that, instead of a “will-to-live”, she possesses  an  “aggressive  will-to-narrate  and  will-to-uncover”.  “Un-covering” can mean revealing in an epistemological sense but also to ferret out a secret, lay bare, or, literally, to reveal one’s body,  all  practices  also  related  to  various  kinds  of  (often  para-noid, to use Sedgwick’s term, and extremely productive) know-ing, and in ‘A Poem is Being Written’, Sedgwick exposes her ass as a site of shame and pleasure, just as she confesses her attach-ment to other forms of ideological exposure.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In ‘A Poem is Being Written’, Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick declares:I have spent — wasted — a long time gazing in renewed stu-pefaction at the stupidity and psychic expense of my failure, during  [my  teen  years],  to  make  the  obvious  swerve  that  would  have  connected  my  homosexual  desire  and  identifi-cation  with  my  need  and  love,  as  a  woman,  of  women.  The gesture would have been more a tautology even than a con-nection. Yet it went and has still gone unmade.4Sedgwick’s coming out as, to put it crudely, not a lesbian is sand-wiched  in  between  her  description  of  her  deep  depression  as  a  teenager  and  a  self-identification  that  has  earned  her  some  praise, lots of scorn, and even more virulent forms of criticism: “In among the many ways I do identify as a woman, the identi-fication  as  a  gay  person  is  a  firmly  male  one,  identification  ‘as’  a gay man; and in among its tortuous, and alienating paths are knit the relations, for me, of telling and of knowing”.5 Related to this, she explains, is the fact that, instead of a “will-to-live”, she possesses  an  “aggressive  will-to-narrate  and  will-to-uncover”.  “Un-covering” can mean revealing in an epistemological sense but also to ferret out a secret, lay bare, or, literally, to reveal one’s body,  all  practices  also  related  to  various  kinds  of  (often  para-noid, to use Sedgwick’s term, and extremely productive) know-ing, and in ‘A Poem is Being Written’, Sedgwick exposes her ass as a site of shame and pleasure, just as she confesses her attach-ment to other forms of ideological exposure.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <PersonName>Kent, Kathryn R.</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Shyly / as a big sister I would yearn / to trace its avocations', or, Who's the Muse/</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Mary Baine Campbell</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>Brandeis University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;‘Sisterhood  is  Very  Complicated’:  there’s  a  reason  that  epithet  was  ditched  in  favour  of  a  dactyl  with  half  the  syllables.  Still,  it’s the truth, if not exclusive of its shorter, slighter sister slogan. Here’s  a  story  of  how  Eve  Kosofsky  Sedgwick  taught  me  that  complexity. And its power too, even sorcery, a word that comes (no, not from soror but) from Latin serere, to arrange things in a sequence — particularly, in the case of sorcery, the lots (“sorts”) that make a fortune. It’s a story about poetry and making poetry. Or about making fortune, fortuna. I used to feel kind of left out, in the ID450 Collective of wom-en faculty and grad students (and a boat-builder, a math tutor, a childcare worker), mostly studying and teaching literature and writing at, or near, Boston University in the early 1980s.1 By na-ture, just because I usually do arrange that, but also, and more particularly, because I wasn’t  fat,  or rather wasn’t seen as fat or understood as fat (though I’d always been fat secretly). Those I loved most in that group were, or anyhow saw themselves that way,  above  all  Eve.  Not  that  I  didn’t  love  us  all.  But  half  of  us  were thin and half of us were fat, as far as we knew, and indeed I was at my very thinnest then, or so it scarily appeared, as I’d responded  to  the  major  heterosexual  experiment  of  my  youth  (a traumatic one) by losing my appetite for two years. And the fat  ones  seemed  to  have  a  lot  more  quiddity:  they  were  more  radiantly,  as  the  expression  goes,  themselves.  There  was  more to them.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;‘Sisterhood  is  Very  Complicated’:  there’s  a  reason  that  epithet  was  ditched  in  favour  of  a  dactyl  with  half  the  syllables.  Still,  it’s the truth, if not exclusive of its shorter, slighter sister slogan. Here’s  a  story  of  how  Eve  Kosofsky  Sedgwick  taught  me  that  complexity. And its power too, even sorcery, a word that comes (no, not from soror but) from Latin serere, to arrange things in a sequence — particularly, in the case of sorcery, the lots (“sorts”) that make a fortune. It’s a story about poetry and making poetry. Or about making fortune, fortuna. I used to feel kind of left out, in the ID450 Collective of wom-en faculty and grad students (and a boat-builder, a math tutor, a childcare worker), mostly studying and teaching literature and writing at, or near, Boston University in the early 1980s.1 By na-ture, just because I usually do arrange that, but also, and more particularly, because I wasn’t  fat,  or rather wasn’t seen as fat or understood as fat (though I’d always been fat secretly). Those I loved most in that group were, or anyhow saw themselves that way,  above  all  Eve.  Not  that  I  didn’t  love  us  all.  But  half  of  us  were thin and half of us were fat, as far as we knew, and indeed I was at my very thinnest then, or so it scarily appeared, as I’d responded  to  the  major  heterosexual  experiment  of  my  youth  (a traumatic one) by losing my appetite for two years. And the fat  ones  seemed  to  have  a  lot  more  quiddity:  they  were  more  radiantly,  as  the  expression  goes,  themselves.  There  was  more to them.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <PersonName>Campbell, Mary Baine </PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Queer Therapy</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">On the Couch with Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Monica Pearl</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>University of Manchester</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Successful  therapy  (or,  for  that  matter,  unsuccessful  therapy)  is  a  long  conversation  that  goes  nowhere.  It  does  not  have  a  structure,  or  an  obvious  end  point,  or  genre.  “From  an  out-side perspective”, writes Benjamin Y. Fong, “the conversation is pointless”.1 Indeed, we might not even be able to distinguish be-tween successful and unsuccessful therapy: not only did Freud refer  to  therapy  as  “time-consuming  and  [...]  laborious”,2  but  also  endless:  he  says,  “[w]e  do  not  regard  an  analysis  as  at  an  end until all the obscurities of the case are cleared up, the gaps in the patient’s memory filled in, the precipitating causes of the repressions recovered”.3 In other words, it’s not likely to end...&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Successful  therapy  (or,  for  that  matter,  unsuccessful  therapy)  is  a  long  conversation  that  goes  nowhere.  It  does  not  have  a  structure,  or  an  obvious  end  point,  or  genre.  “From  an  out-side perspective”, writes Benjamin Y. Fong, “the conversation is pointless”.1 Indeed, we might not even be able to distinguish be-tween successful and unsuccessful therapy: not only did Freud refer  to  therapy  as  “time-consuming  and  [...]  laborious”,2  but  also  endless:  he  says,  “[w]e  do  not  regard  an  analysis  as  at  an  end until all the obscurities of the case are cleared up, the gaps in the patient’s memory filled in, the precipitating causes of the repressions recovered”.3 In other words, it’s not likely to end...&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <PersonName>Pearl, Monica</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Waiting in the Dark</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Some Musings on Sedgwick's Performative(s)</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Meg Boulton</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Meg</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Boulton</KeyNames>
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            <Affiliation>University of Edinburgh</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This  chapter  was  originally  given  as  a  paper  at  the  Fat  Art,  Thin  Art  symposium  held  at  the  University  of  York  on  Febru-ary  14,  2014,  placed  into  the  ‘Autobiographies’  section  of  the  day.  It  is  only  now,  only  later,  with  the  benefit  of  that  oft-cited  lens  —  hindsight  —  that  the  date  seems  a  particularly  apposite  one, although I suspect it was anything but an arbitrary choice. So  much  of  what  was  said  that  day  was  said  with  such  emo-tion in the close quarters of a room full of people that seemed uncommonly close to each other and to the material they were presenting  (although,  in  several  instances,  many  had  only  just  met)  that  it  feels,  now,  improbably  difficult  to  produce  a  writ-ten record of my part in that particularly lovely and particularly unusual academic event, and yet what follows is my effort to do just that.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This  chapter  was  originally  given  as  a  paper  at  the  Fat  Art,  Thin  Art  symposium  held  at  the  University  of  York  on  Febru-ary  14,  2014,  placed  into  the  ‘Autobiographies’  section  of  the  day.  It  is  only  now,  only  later,  with  the  benefit  of  that  oft-cited  lens  —  hindsight  —  that  the  date  seems  a  particularly  apposite  one, although I suspect it was anything but an arbitrary choice. So  much  of  what  was  said  that  day  was  said  with  such  emo-tion in the close quarters of a room full of people that seemed uncommonly close to each other and to the material they were presenting  (although,  in  several  instances,  many  had  only  just  met)  that  it  feels,  now,  improbably  difficult  to  produce  a  writ-ten record of my part in that particularly lovely and particularly unusual academic event, and yet what follows is my effort to do just that.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In one of the final lyrics Sedgwick published in her lifetime, she offered  a  translation  and  recontextualisation  of  Virgil’s  phrase:  “Forsan  et  haec  olim  meminisse  juvabit”:  “Someday  we’ll  look  back  with  pleasure  even  on  this”.  The  poem  documented  how,  even though “Things with us are actually very bad” at the time of writing, Sedgwick had a reparative sense of the future, maso-chistic  pleasure  she  would  experience  recalling  the  sore  scene;  in a similar way to which, in the earlier ‘A scar, just a scar’, she knew that “someday soon” she would “feel more nostalgia” for the painful hospital experience she was immersed in “than for any school” she had fantasied about.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Bathroom Songs represents the first study to consider the poetry of one of the most significant literary theorists of the late-twen-tieth  and  early-twenty-first  centuries,  Eve  Kosofsky  Sedgwick.  Most renowned for her trilogy of ground-breaking, queer-theo-retical  texts — Between Men: English Literature and Male Homo-social Desire (1985), Epistemology of the Closet (1990), and Ten-dencies  (1993)  —  Sedgwick  was,  from  the  outset,  and  always  in  her mind a poet. For example, as Hal A. Sedgwick documented, all of the entries on his wife’s CV from 1967 to 1975 were prizes for poetry.2 In 1977, Sedgwick submitted her first book of poems, Traceable, Salient, Thirsty, to various presses, containing key po-ems  from  the  previous  four  years;  but  the  volume,  bafflingly,  failed to find a publisher.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Bathroom Songs represents the first study to consider the poetry of one of the most significant literary theorists of the late-twen-tieth  and  early-twenty-first  centuries,  Eve  Kosofsky  Sedgwick.  Most renowned for her trilogy of ground-breaking, queer-theo-retical  texts — Between Men: English Literature and Male Homo-social Desire (1985), Epistemology of the Closet (1990), and Ten-dencies  (1993)  —  Sedgwick  was,  from  the  outset,  and  always  in  her mind a poet. For example, as Hal A. Sedgwick documented, all of the entries on his wife’s CV from 1967 to 1975 were prizes for poetry.2 In 1977, Sedgwick submitted her first book of poems, Traceable, Salient, Thirsty, to various presses, containing key po-ems  from  the  previous  four  years;  but  the  volume,  bafflingly,  failed to find a publisher.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <PersonName>Edwards, Jason</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Look with Your Hands</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Angus Connell Brown</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Angus Connell</NamesBeforeKey>
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            <Affiliation>University of Birmingham</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;I began writing this essay in what used to be a child’s bedroom. Perched at the small desk by the doll’s house, I looked away to my  right  and  saw  how  the  enormous  sash  window  smoothly  held my reflection among the lights and the trees outside. This uncanny  framing,  this  return  to  the  fascination  of  reflection  among  the  tactile  technologies  of  childhood  imagination  feels  like a fitting place to begin thinking about one of the first poems Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick ever published: ‘An Essay on the Picture P l a n e ’.According  to  Fat  Art,  Thin  Art,  Sedgwick  composed  the  poem  in  1973  but  the  tiny  discrepancies  —  a  missing  line  here,  an extra comma there — between the publication of the poem in The Poetry Miscellany in 1975 and the collection of the poem in 1994 hint that the latter text is the product of a slight return to a younger muse, a muse still theorizing the world around her. My own return to ‘An Essay on the Picture Plane’ oscillates between a  question  and  an  instruction  that  Sedgwick’s  poem  scratched  up from my own childhood. The question: “What are you look-ing  at?”  The  instruction:  “Look  with  your  eyes,  not  with  your  hands”. I learnt both at school. And both, like ‘An Essay on the Picture Plane’, left me tongue-tied.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;I began writing this essay in what used to be a child’s bedroom. Perched at the small desk by the doll’s house, I looked away to my  right  and  saw  how  the  enormous  sash  window  smoothly  held my reflection among the lights and the trees outside. This uncanny  framing,  this  return  to  the  fascination  of  reflection  among  the  tactile  technologies  of  childhood  imagination  feels  like a fitting place to begin thinking about one of the first poems Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick ever published: ‘An Essay on the Picture P l a n e ’.According  to  Fat  Art,  Thin  Art,  Sedgwick  composed  the  poem  in  1973  but  the  tiny  discrepancies  —  a  missing  line  here,  an extra comma there — between the publication of the poem in The Poetry Miscellany in 1975 and the collection of the poem in 1994 hint that the latter text is the product of a slight return to a younger muse, a muse still theorizing the world around her. My own return to ‘An Essay on the Picture Plane’ oscillates between a  question  and  an  instruction  that  Sedgwick’s  poem  scratched  up from my own childhood. The question: “What are you look-ing  at?”  The  instruction:  “Look  with  your  eyes,  not  with  your  hands”. I learnt both at school. And both, like ‘An Essay on the Picture Plane’, left me tongue-tied.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <PersonName>Brown, Angus Connell</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">The Abject Animal Poetics of 'The Warm Decembers'</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Ben Westwood</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Sedgwick’s long, unfinished verse novel, ‘The Warm Decembers’ (c. 1978–1986),  invites  us  to  think  carefully  about  the  relations  between  humans  and  animals,  the  value  of  animals  in  poetry,  and  how  these  ideas  might  link  to  the  abject.  In  what  follows,  these points of connection emerge as functions of the “perverse, desiring  energies”  which,  Sedgwick  suggests,  animate  and  col-our  the  poem’s  representation  of  boundaries  between  states  of  being, between, that is, beings dead and alive, past and present, real  and  fictional,  and  human  and  animal.1  In  ‘The  Warm  De-cembers’, animals are figures of the abject, which intensify and diversify the poem’s expressive capabilities. They are represent-ed as something other than the simple outside of humanity, as parts of structures which are never stable but constantly folding in on themselves or dissolving into indistinctness. And, in this linguistic and conceptual reconfiguration, Sedgwick offers a vi-sion  of  how  the  category  of  the  abject  can  help  us  re-describe  our relations with different forms of animal life and a vision of how  animals  can  offer  writers  uniquely  flexible  models  for  ar-ticulation and expression.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Sedgwick’s long, unfinished verse novel, ‘The Warm Decembers’ (c. 1978–1986),  invites  us  to  think  carefully  about  the  relations  between  humans  and  animals,  the  value  of  animals  in  poetry,  and  how  these  ideas  might  link  to  the  abject.  In  what  follows,  these points of connection emerge as functions of the “perverse, desiring  energies”  which,  Sedgwick  suggests,  animate  and  col-our  the  poem’s  representation  of  boundaries  between  states  of  being, between, that is, beings dead and alive, past and present, real  and  fictional,  and  human  and  animal.1  In  ‘The  Warm  De-cembers’, animals are figures of the abject, which intensify and diversify the poem’s expressive capabilities. They are represent-ed as something other than the simple outside of humanity, as parts of structures which are never stable but constantly folding in on themselves or dissolving into indistinctness. And, in this linguistic and conceptual reconfiguration, Sedgwick offers a vi-sion  of  how  the  category  of  the  abject  can  help  us  re-describe  our relations with different forms of animal life and a vision of how  animals  can  offer  writers  uniquely  flexible  models  for  ar-ticulation and expression.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Eve's Muse</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Kathryn R. Kent</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>Williams College</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In ‘A Poem is Being Written’, Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick declares:I have spent — wasted — a long time gazing in renewed stu-pefaction at the stupidity and psychic expense of my failure, during  [my  teen  years],  to  make  the  obvious  swerve  that  would  have  connected  my  homosexual  desire  and  identifi-cation  with  my  need  and  love,  as  a  woman,  of  women.  The gesture would have been more a tautology even than a con-nection. Yet it went and has still gone unmade.4Sedgwick’s coming out as, to put it crudely, not a lesbian is sand-wiched  in  between  her  description  of  her  deep  depression  as  a  teenager  and  a  self-identification  that  has  earned  her  some  praise, lots of scorn, and even more virulent forms of criticism: “In among the many ways I do identify as a woman, the identi-fication  as  a  gay  person  is  a  firmly  male  one,  identification  ‘as’  a gay man; and in among its tortuous, and alienating paths are knit the relations, for me, of telling and of knowing”.5 Related to this, she explains, is the fact that, instead of a “will-to-live”, she possesses  an  “aggressive  will-to-narrate  and  will-to-uncover”.  “Un-covering” can mean revealing in an epistemological sense but also to ferret out a secret, lay bare, or, literally, to reveal one’s body,  all  practices  also  related  to  various  kinds  of  (often  para-noid, to use Sedgwick’s term, and extremely productive) know-ing, and in ‘A Poem is Being Written’, Sedgwick exposes her ass as a site of shame and pleasure, just as she confesses her attach-ment to other forms of ideological exposure.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In ‘A Poem is Being Written’, Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick declares:I have spent — wasted — a long time gazing in renewed stu-pefaction at the stupidity and psychic expense of my failure, during  [my  teen  years],  to  make  the  obvious  swerve  that  would  have  connected  my  homosexual  desire  and  identifi-cation  with  my  need  and  love,  as  a  woman,  of  women.  The gesture would have been more a tautology even than a con-nection. Yet it went and has still gone unmade.4Sedgwick’s coming out as, to put it crudely, not a lesbian is sand-wiched  in  between  her  description  of  her  deep  depression  as  a  teenager  and  a  self-identification  that  has  earned  her  some  praise, lots of scorn, and even more virulent forms of criticism: “In among the many ways I do identify as a woman, the identi-fication  as  a  gay  person  is  a  firmly  male  one,  identification  ‘as’  a gay man; and in among its tortuous, and alienating paths are knit the relations, for me, of telling and of knowing”.5 Related to this, she explains, is the fact that, instead of a “will-to-live”, she possesses  an  “aggressive  will-to-narrate  and  will-to-uncover”.  “Un-covering” can mean revealing in an epistemological sense but also to ferret out a secret, lay bare, or, literally, to reveal one’s body,  all  practices  also  related  to  various  kinds  of  (often  para-noid, to use Sedgwick’s term, and extremely productive) know-ing, and in ‘A Poem is Being Written’, Sedgwick exposes her ass as a site of shame and pleasure, just as she confesses her attach-ment to other forms of ideological exposure.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Kent, Kathryn R.</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Shyly / as a big sister I would yearn / to trace its avocations', or, Who's the Muse/</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Mary Baine Campbell</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Mary Baine</NamesBeforeKey>
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            <Affiliation>Brandeis University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;‘Sisterhood  is  Very  Complicated’:  there’s  a  reason  that  epithet  was  ditched  in  favour  of  a  dactyl  with  half  the  syllables.  Still,  it’s the truth, if not exclusive of its shorter, slighter sister slogan. Here’s  a  story  of  how  Eve  Kosofsky  Sedgwick  taught  me  that  complexity. And its power too, even sorcery, a word that comes (no, not from soror but) from Latin serere, to arrange things in a sequence — particularly, in the case of sorcery, the lots (“sorts”) that make a fortune. It’s a story about poetry and making poetry. Or about making fortune, fortuna. I used to feel kind of left out, in the ID450 Collective of wom-en faculty and grad students (and a boat-builder, a math tutor, a childcare worker), mostly studying and teaching literature and writing at, or near, Boston University in the early 1980s.1 By na-ture, just because I usually do arrange that, but also, and more particularly, because I wasn’t  fat,  or rather wasn’t seen as fat or understood as fat (though I’d always been fat secretly). Those I loved most in that group were, or anyhow saw themselves that way,  above  all  Eve.  Not  that  I  didn’t  love  us  all.  But  half  of  us  were thin and half of us were fat, as far as we knew, and indeed I was at my very thinnest then, or so it scarily appeared, as I’d responded  to  the  major  heterosexual  experiment  of  my  youth  (a traumatic one) by losing my appetite for two years. And the fat  ones  seemed  to  have  a  lot  more  quiddity:  they  were  more  radiantly,  as  the  expression  goes,  themselves.  There  was  more to them.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;‘Sisterhood  is  Very  Complicated’:  there’s  a  reason  that  epithet  was  ditched  in  favour  of  a  dactyl  with  half  the  syllables.  Still,  it’s the truth, if not exclusive of its shorter, slighter sister slogan. Here’s  a  story  of  how  Eve  Kosofsky  Sedgwick  taught  me  that  complexity. And its power too, even sorcery, a word that comes (no, not from soror but) from Latin serere, to arrange things in a sequence — particularly, in the case of sorcery, the lots (“sorts”) that make a fortune. It’s a story about poetry and making poetry. Or about making fortune, fortuna. I used to feel kind of left out, in the ID450 Collective of wom-en faculty and grad students (and a boat-builder, a math tutor, a childcare worker), mostly studying and teaching literature and writing at, or near, Boston University in the early 1980s.1 By na-ture, just because I usually do arrange that, but also, and more particularly, because I wasn’t  fat,  or rather wasn’t seen as fat or understood as fat (though I’d always been fat secretly). Those I loved most in that group were, or anyhow saw themselves that way,  above  all  Eve.  Not  that  I  didn’t  love  us  all.  But  half  of  us  were thin and half of us were fat, as far as we knew, and indeed I was at my very thinnest then, or so it scarily appeared, as I’d responded  to  the  major  heterosexual  experiment  of  my  youth  (a traumatic one) by losing my appetite for two years. And the fat  ones  seemed  to  have  a  lot  more  quiddity:  they  were  more  radiantly,  as  the  expression  goes,  themselves.  There  was  more to them.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Campbell, Mary Baine </PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Queer Therapy</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">On the Couch with Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Monica Pearl</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Successful  therapy  (or,  for  that  matter,  unsuccessful  therapy)  is  a  long  conversation  that  goes  nowhere.  It  does  not  have  a  structure,  or  an  obvious  end  point,  or  genre.  “From  an  out-side perspective”, writes Benjamin Y. Fong, “the conversation is pointless”.1 Indeed, we might not even be able to distinguish be-tween successful and unsuccessful therapy: not only did Freud refer  to  therapy  as  “time-consuming  and  [...]  laborious”,2  but  also  endless:  he  says,  “[w]e  do  not  regard  an  analysis  as  at  an  end until all the obscurities of the case are cleared up, the gaps in the patient’s memory filled in, the precipitating causes of the repressions recovered”.3 In other words, it’s not likely to end...&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Waiting in the Dark</TitleText>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This  chapter  was  originally  given  as  a  paper  at  the  Fat  Art,  Thin  Art  symposium  held  at  the  University  of  York  on  Febru-ary  14,  2014,  placed  into  the  ‘Autobiographies’  section  of  the  day.  It  is  only  now,  only  later,  with  the  benefit  of  that  oft-cited  lens  —  hindsight  —  that  the  date  seems  a  particularly  apposite  one, although I suspect it was anything but an arbitrary choice. So  much  of  what  was  said  that  day  was  said  with  such  emo-tion in the close quarters of a room full of people that seemed uncommonly close to each other and to the material they were presenting  (although,  in  several  instances,  many  had  only  just  met)  that  it  feels,  now,  improbably  difficult  to  produce  a  writ-ten record of my part in that particularly lovely and particularly unusual academic event, and yet what follows is my effort to do just that.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This  chapter  was  originally  given  as  a  paper  at  the  Fat  Art,  Thin  Art  symposium  held  at  the  University  of  York  on  Febru-ary  14,  2014,  placed  into  the  ‘Autobiographies’  section  of  the  day.  It  is  only  now,  only  later,  with  the  benefit  of  that  oft-cited  lens  —  hindsight  —  that  the  date  seems  a  particularly  apposite  one, although I suspect it was anything but an arbitrary choice. So  much  of  what  was  said  that  day  was  said  with  such  emo-tion in the close quarters of a room full of people that seemed uncommonly close to each other and to the material they were presenting  (although,  in  several  instances,  many  had  only  just  met)  that  it  feels,  now,  improbably  difficult  to  produce  a  writ-ten record of my part in that particularly lovely and particularly unusual academic event, and yet what follows is my effort to do just that.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Introduction: Someday We'll Look Back with Pleasure Even on This: Sedgwick's Uncollected Poems</TitleText>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In one of the final lyrics Sedgwick published in her lifetime, she offered  a  translation  and  recontextualisation  of  Virgil’s  phrase:  “Forsan  et  haec  olim  meminisse  juvabit”:  “Someday  we’ll  look  back  with  pleasure  even  on  this”.  The  poem  documented  how,  even though “Things with us are actually very bad” at the time of writing, Sedgwick had a reparative sense of the future, maso-chistic  pleasure  she  would  experience  recalling  the  sore  scene;  in a similar way to which, in the earlier ‘A scar, just a scar’, she knew that “someday soon” she would “feel more nostalgia” for the painful hospital experience she was immersed in “than for any school” she had fantasied about.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In one of the final lyrics Sedgwick published in her lifetime, she offered  a  translation  and  recontextualisation  of  Virgil’s  phrase:  “Forsan  et  haec  olim  meminisse  juvabit”:  “Someday  we’ll  look  back  with  pleasure  even  on  this”.  The  poem  documented  how,  even though “Things with us are actually very bad” at the time of writing, Sedgwick had a reparative sense of the future, maso-chistic  pleasure  she  would  experience  recalling  the  sore  scene;  in a similar way to which, in the earlier ‘A scar, just a scar’, she knew that “someday soon” she would “feel more nostalgia” for the painful hospital experience she was immersed in “than for any school” she had fantasied about.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Forsan et haec olim meminisse juvabit (2006) Someday we’ll look back with pleasure even on this. In fact I can feel it encroaching on me already, the future pleasure — which is disconcerting. Things with us are actually very bad.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Forsan et haec olim meminisse juvabit (2006) Someday we’ll look back with pleasure even on this. In fact I can feel it encroaching on me already, the future pleasure — which is disconcerting. Things with us are actually very bad.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Many modern Beowulf translations, while excellent in their own ways, suffer from what Kathleen Biddick might call “melancholy” for an oral and aural way of poetic making. By and large, they tend to preserve certain familiar features of Anglo-Saxon verse as it has been constructed by editors, philologists, and translators: the emphasis on caesura and alliteration, with diction and syntax smoothed out for readability. The problem with, and the paradox of this desired outcome, especially as it concerns Anglo-Saxon poetry, is that we are left with a document that translates an entire organizing principle based on oral transmission (and perhaps composition) into a visual, textual realm of writing and reading. The sense of loss or nostalgia for the old form seems a necessary and ever-present shadow over modern Beowulfs.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;What happens, however, when a contemporary poet, quite simply, doesn’t bother with any such nostalgia? When the entire organizational apparatus of the poem—instead of being uneasily approximated in modern verse form—is itself translated into a modern organizing principle, i.e., the visual text? This is the approach that poet Thomas Meyer takes; as he writes,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;"[I]nstead of the text’s orality, perhaps perversely I went for the visual. Deciding to use page layout (recto/ verso) as a unit. Every translation I’d read felt impenetrable to me with its block after block of nearly uniform lines. Among other quirky decisions made in order to open up the text, the project wound up being a kind of typological specimen book for long American poems extant circa 1965. Having variously the 'look' of Pound’s Cantos, Williams’ Paterson, or Olson or Zukofsky, occasionally late Eliot, even David Jones."&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;A glance anywhere in Meyer’s text demonstrates the stunning results. One place he turns it to especially good effect is the fight with Grendel in Fit 11, transforming the famously hyper-condensed syntax of the scene from a discouraging challenge for the translator into a visually pleasing strength:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;"The eyes of Hygelac’s kin watched the wicked raider&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;execute his quick attack:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;without delay,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;snatching his first chance,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;a sleeping warrior,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;he tore him in two,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;chomped muscle, sucked veins’&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;gushing blood,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;gulped down his morsel, the dead man,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;chunk by chunk,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;hands, feet &amp;amp; all.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;amp; then&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;footstephandclawfiendreachmanbedquicktrick&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;beastarmpainclampnewnotknownheartrunflesho&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;feargetawaygonowrunrun&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;never before had&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;sinherd feared anything so."&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Here the reader is confronted with the words themselves running together, as if in panic, in much the same way that the original passage seems in such a rush to tell the story of the battle that bodies become confused. This is just one example of the adventurous and provocative angle on Beowulf to which Meyer introduces us. His Beowulf—completed in 1972 but never before published—is sure to stretch readers’ ideas about what is possible in terms of translating Anglo-Saxon poetry, as well as provide new insights on the poem itself.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;With a Preface by David Hadbawnik, an Introduction by Daniel C. Remein, and an Interview with Thomas Meyer.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Many modern Beowulf translations, while excellent in their own ways, suffer from what Kathleen Biddick might call “melancholy” for an oral and aural way of poetic making. By and large, they tend to preserve certain familiar features of Anglo-Saxon verse as it has been constructed by editors, philologists, and translators: the emphasis on caesura and alliteration, with diction and syntax smoothed out for readability. The problem with, and the paradox of this desired outcome, especially as it concerns Anglo-Saxon poetry, is that we are left with a document that translates an entire organizing principle based on oral transmission (and perhaps composition) into a visual, textual realm of writing and reading. The sense of loss or nostalgia for the old form seems a necessary and ever-present shadow over modern Beowulfs.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;What happens, however, when a contemporary poet, quite simply, doesn’t bother with any such nostalgia? When the entire organizational apparatus of the poem—instead of being uneasily approximated in modern verse form—is itself translated into a modern organizing principle, i.e., the visual text? This is the approach that poet Thomas Meyer takes; as he writes,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;"[I]nstead of the text’s orality, perhaps perversely I went for the visual. Deciding to use page layout (recto/ verso) as a unit. Every translation I’d read felt impenetrable to me with its block after block of nearly uniform lines. Among other quirky decisions made in order to open up the text, the project wound up being a kind of typological specimen book for long American poems extant circa 1965. Having variously the 'look' of Pound’s Cantos, Williams’ Paterson, or Olson or Zukofsky, occasionally late Eliot, even David Jones."&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;A glance anywhere in Meyer’s text demonstrates the stunning results. One place he turns it to especially good effect is the fight with Grendel in Fit 11, transforming the famously hyper-condensed syntax of the scene from a discouraging challenge for the translator into a visually pleasing strength:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;"The eyes of Hygelac’s kin watched the wicked raider&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;execute his quick attack:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;without delay,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;snatching his first chance,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;a sleeping warrior,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;he tore him in two,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;chomped muscle, sucked veins’&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;gushing blood,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;gulped down his morsel, the dead man,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;chunk by chunk,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;hands, feet &amp;amp; all.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;amp; then&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;footstephandclawfiendreachmanbedquicktrick&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;beastarmpainclampnewnotknownheartrunflesho&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;feargetawaygonowrunrun&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;never before had&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;sinherd feared anything so."&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Here the reader is confronted with the words themselves running together, as if in panic, in much the same way that the original passage seems in such a rush to tell the story of the battle that bodies become confused. This is just one example of the adventurous and provocative angle on Beowulf to which Meyer introduces us. His Beowulf—completed in 1972 but never before published—is sure to stretch readers’ ideas about what is possible in terms of translating Anglo-Saxon poetry, as well as provide new insights on the poem itself.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;With a Preface by David Hadbawnik, an Introduction by Daniel C. Remein, and an Interview with Thomas Meyer.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Many modern Beowulf translations, while excellent in their own ways, suffer from what Kathleen Biddick might call “melancholy” for an oral and aural way of poetic making. By and large, they tend to preserve certain familiar features of Anglo-Saxon verse as it has been constructed by editors, philologists, and translators: the emphasis on caesura and alliteration, with diction and syntax smoothed out for readability. The problem with, and the paradox of this desired outcome, especially as it concerns Anglo-Saxon poetry, is that we are left with a document that translates an entire organizing principle based on oral transmission (and perhaps composition) into a visual, textual realm of writing and reading. The sense of loss or nostalgia for the old form seems a necessary and ever-present shadow over modern Beowulfs.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;What happens, however, when a contemporary poet, quite simply, doesn’t bother with any such nostalgia? When the entire organizational apparatus of the poem—instead of being uneasily approximated in modern verse form—is itself translated into a modern organizing principle, i.e., the visual text? This is the approach that poet Thomas Meyer takes; as he writes,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;"[I]nstead of the text’s orality, perhaps perversely I went for the visual. Deciding to use page layout (recto/ verso) as a unit. Every translation I’d read felt impenetrable to me with its block after block of nearly uniform lines. Among other quirky decisions made in order to open up the text, the project wound up being a kind of typological specimen book for long American poems extant circa 1965. Having variously the 'look' of Pound’s Cantos, Williams’ Paterson, or Olson or Zukofsky, occasionally late Eliot, even David Jones."&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;A glance anywhere in Meyer’s text demonstrates the stunning results. One place he turns it to especially good effect is the fight with Grendel in Fit 11, transforming the famously hyper-condensed syntax of the scene from a discouraging challenge for the translator into a visually pleasing strength:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;"The eyes of Hygelac’s kin watched the wicked raider&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;execute his quick attack:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;without delay,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;snatching his first chance,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;a sleeping warrior,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;he tore him in two,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;chomped muscle, sucked veins’&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;gushing blood,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;gulped down his morsel, the dead man,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;chunk by chunk,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;hands, feet &amp;amp; all.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;amp; then&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;footstephandclawfiendreachmanbedquicktrick&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;beastarmpainclampnewnotknownheartrunflesho&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;feargetawaygonowrunrun&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;never before had&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;sinherd feared anything so."&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Here the reader is confronted with the words themselves running together, as if in panic, in much the same way that the original passage seems in such a rush to tell the story of the battle that bodies become confused. This is just one example of the adventurous and provocative angle on Beowulf to which Meyer introduces us. His Beowulf—completed in 1972 but never before published—is sure to stretch readers’ ideas about what is possible in terms of translating Anglo-Saxon poetry, as well as provide new insights on the poem itself.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;With a Preface by David Hadbawnik, an Introduction by Daniel C. Remein, and an Interview with Thomas Meyer.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Many modern Beowulf translations, while excellent in their own ways, suffer from what Kathleen Biddick might call “melancholy” for an oral and aural way of poetic making. By and large, they tend to preserve certain familiar features of Anglo-Saxon verse as it has been constructed by editors, philologists, and translators: the emphasis on caesura and alliteration, with diction and syntax smoothed out for readability. The problem with, and the paradox of this desired outcome, especially as it concerns Anglo-Saxon poetry, is that we are left with a document that translates an entire organizing principle based on oral transmission (and perhaps composition) into a visual, textual realm of writing and reading. The sense of loss or nostalgia for the old form seems a necessary and ever-present shadow over modern Beowulfs.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;What happens, however, when a contemporary poet, quite simply, doesn’t bother with any such nostalgia? When the entire organizational apparatus of the poem—instead of being uneasily approximated in modern verse form—is itself translated into a modern organizing principle, i.e., the visual text? This is the approach that poet Thomas Meyer takes; as he writes,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;"[I]nstead of the text’s orality, perhaps perversely I went for the visual. Deciding to use page layout (recto/ verso) as a unit. Every translation I’d read felt impenetrable to me with its block after block of nearly uniform lines. Among other quirky decisions made in order to open up the text, the project wound up being a kind of typological specimen book for long American poems extant circa 1965. Having variously the 'look' of Pound’s Cantos, Williams’ Paterson, or Olson or Zukofsky, occasionally late Eliot, even David Jones."&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;A glance anywhere in Meyer’s text demonstrates the stunning results. One place he turns it to especially good effect is the fight with Grendel in Fit 11, transforming the famously hyper-condensed syntax of the scene from a discouraging challenge for the translator into a visually pleasing strength:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;"The eyes of Hygelac’s kin watched the wicked raider&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;execute his quick attack:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;without delay,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;snatching his first chance,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;a sleeping warrior,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;he tore him in two,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;chomped muscle, sucked veins’&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;gushing blood,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;gulped down his morsel, the dead man,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;chunk by chunk,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;hands, feet &amp;amp; all.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;amp; then&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;footstephandclawfiendreachmanbedquicktrick&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;beastarmpainclampnewnotknownheartrunflesho&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;feargetawaygonowrunrun&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;never before had&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;sinherd feared anything so."&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Here the reader is confronted with the words themselves running together, as if in panic, in much the same way that the original passage seems in such a rush to tell the story of the battle that bodies become confused. This is just one example of the adventurous and provocative angle on Beowulf to which Meyer introduces us. His Beowulf—completed in 1972 but never before published—is sure to stretch readers’ ideas about what is possible in terms of translating Anglo-Saxon poetry, as well as provide new insights on the poem itself.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;With a Preface by David Hadbawnik, an Introduction by Daniel C. Remein, and an Interview with Thomas Meyer.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Beta Exercise: The Theory and Practice of Osamu Kanemura is the first bilingual (Japanese-English) book to provide an overview of the theoretical work of Japanese photographer and video artist Osamu Kanemura, a unique talent and voice in the world of avant-garde contemporary photography.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The opening essay “Life Is a Gift” meditates on the transformation of human life into an exchangeable commodity and the abstraction that entails. “Essay 01” develops Kanemura’s idea of photographic “technique” in an era when such techniques have become accessible to all, radically undermining the importance of human subjectivity in the process of capturing the photographic image: “We can say that modern technology constitutes photographic technique.” Instead, Kanemura argues, extra-technical elements such as concept and vision will have to compensate for the expression of individuality that technique is no longer able to convey.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Taking cues from Kiyoshi Kurosawa and Karlheinz Stockhausen, the essay “Dead-Stick Landing” develops Kanemura’s theory of the moving image as mechanical system, solely governed by an “on-off switch,” while “Essay 02” develops these ideas into a consideration of cinematic time and the experience of boredom in cinema as the result of a truthful “loyalty” expressed to machines, and not to stories.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The essays are accompanied by an extensive two-part interview with Italian photographer Marco Mazzi, touching upon topics ranging from the technical aspects of Kanemura’s equipment, the concept of non-editing, and the destruction of the frame to the similarity between Mao’s dialectics and the camera, the presence of the human figure as trace, and the politics of photographing Tokyo.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Mark Adams is a painter, printmaker and cartographer who has worked for the National Park Service on Cape Cod since 1991. He lives in North Truro where his favorite mapping tools are his running shoes. He studied ecology, landscape architecture and scientific illustration at the Univ of California Berkeley, drawing at California College of the Arts. He has worked as a gymnastics coach, forest firefighter and fish taxonomist. A recent retrospective was called “Expedition“ at the Provincetown Art Association Museum (September-October 2017) He is represented by the Schoolhouse Gallery in Provincetown.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Brooklyn-based artist Marie Lorenz has been exploring and documenting urban waterfronts for many years. In 2005 she started her Tide and Current Taxi, taking participants through New York City using only the tide,The Tide and Current Taxi is a rowboat taxi operated by Brooklyn based artist Marie Lorenz. Each trip is planned to coincide with strong tidal currents in the New York harbor, all documented with pictures and stories at tideandcurrenttaxi.org.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Mark Adams is a painter, printmaker and cartographer who has worked for the National Park Service on Cape Cod since 1991. He lives in North Truro where his favorite mapping tools are his running shoes. He studied ecology, landscape architecture and scientific illustration at the Univ of California Berkeley, drawing at California College of the Arts. He has worked as a gymnastics coach, forest firefighter and fish taxonomist. A recent retrospective was called “Expedition“ at the Provincetown Art Association Museum (September-October 2017) He is represented by the Schoolhouse Gallery in Provincetown.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Brooklyn-based artist Marie Lorenz has been exploring and documenting urban waterfronts for many years. In 2005 she started her Tide and Current Taxi, taking participants through New York City using only the tide,The Tide and Current Taxi is a rowboat taxi operated by Brooklyn based artist Marie Lorenz. Each trip is planned to coincide with strong tidal currents in the New York harbor, all documented with pictures and stories at tideandcurrenttaxi.org.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In her first inquiry toward a decelerationist aesthetics, Katherine Behar explores in this essay chapbook the rise of two “big deal” contemporary phenomena, big data and obesity. In both, scale rearticulates the human as a diffuse informational pattern, causing important shifts in political form as well as aesthetic form. Bigness redraws relationships between the singular and the collective. Understood as informational patterns, collectives can be radically inclusive, even incorporating nonhumans. As a result, the political subject is slowly becoming a new object. This social and informational body belongs to no single individual, but is shared in solidarity with something “bigger than you.”&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In decelerationist aesthetics, the aesthetic properties, proclivities, and performances of objects come to defy the accelerationist imperative to be nimbly individuated. Decelerationist aesthetics rejects atomistic, liberal, humanist subjects; this unit of self is too consonant with capitalist relations and functions. Instead, decelerationist aesthetics favors transhuman sociality embodied in particulate, mattered objects; the aesthetic form of such objects resists capitalist speed and immediacy by taking back and taking up space and time. In just this way, big data calls into question the conventions by which humans are defined as discrete entities, and individual scales of agency are made to form central binding pillars of social existence through which bodies are drawn into relations of power and pathos&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;What’s left to say about the anarchist canon? One answer might be that reflecting on the canon’s construction can help reveal something about the ways in which anarchism has been misunderstood. Another possibility is that it locates anarchism — in all its diversity and complexity — in particular geographical and historical locations. The canon not only establishes the parameters of anarchist theory, it sets them in a particular (European) context, serving as a springboard for subsequent revisions, developments and critiques. The canon describes a classic form, to use George Woodcock’s term – it benchmarks anarchism. Who constructed it, where did it come from — what are the implications of its reification in contemporary anarchist studies? How successful have recent critiques been in overcoming the limitations that canonical study has encouraged? What are the risks of leaving the canon intact, even if as a target for critique? Should anarchists worry about the explosion of the canon if the result is to include as ‘anarchist’ philosophers or movements who do identify with anarchist traditions? What does self-identification mean in the absence of a canon? Does the rejection of the canon imply the rejection of an anarchist history of ideas, and if such a history remains important in anarchism, how should it be approached and understood? In this special issue of Anarchist Developments in Cultural Studies (Issue 2013.1) edited by Ruth Kinna and Süreyyya Evren, noted anarchist scholars explore these questions.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;What’s left to say about the anarchist canon? One answer might be that reflecting on the canon’s construction can help reveal something about the ways in which anarchism has been misunderstood. Another possibility is that it locates anarchism — in all its diversity and complexity — in particular geographical and historical locations. The canon not only establishes the parameters of anarchist theory, it sets them in a particular (European) context, serving as a springboard for subsequent revisions, developments and critiques. The canon describes a classic form, to use George Woodcock’s term – it benchmarks anarchism. Who constructed it, where did it come from — what are the implications of its reification in contemporary anarchist studies? How successful have recent critiques been in overcoming the limitations that canonical study has encouraged? What are the risks of leaving the canon intact, even if as a target for critique? Should anarchists worry about the explosion of the canon if the result is to include as ‘anarchist’ philosophers or movements who do identify with anarchist traditions? What does self-identification mean in the absence of a canon? Does the rejection of the canon imply the rejection of an anarchist history of ideas, and if such a history remains important in anarchism, how should it be approached and understood? In this special issue of Anarchist Developments in Cultural Studies (Issue 2013.1) edited by Ruth Kinna and Süreyyya Evren, noted anarchist scholars explore these questions.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Heath Bunting has exhibited, performed and taught internationally for over 25 years. As a young adult, he undertook a three year apprenticeship in stained glass. After this, Heath spent several years roaming both Bristol and London as a street artist as well as distributing thousands of art-works via postal and fax networks. During the rise of the internet, he was a key participant of the net.art movement. Within this time he founded irational. org. He has setup and run multiple radio transmission and listening stations internationally. In his current work, The Status Project, he uses artificial intelligence to search for artificial life in both societal and natural systems.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Jacob Copeman is Senior Lecturer in Social Anthropology at the University of Edinburgh. His most recent book, co-authored with Dwaipayan Banerjee, is Hematologies: The Political Life of Blood in India (2019). He is also the author of Veins of Devotion: Blood Donation and Religious Experience in North India (2009) and editor or co-editor of Blood Donation, Bioeconomy, Culture (2009), The Guru in South Asia: New Interdisciplinary Perspectives (2012), South Asian Tissue Economies (2013), Social Theory After Strathern (2014), On Names in South Asia: Iteration, (Im)propriety and Dissimulation (2015), and Fake: Anthro- pological Keywords (2018).&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Heath Bunting has exhibited, performed and taught internationally for over 25 years. As a young adult, he undertook a three year apprenticeship in stained glass. After this, Heath spent several years roaming both Bristol and London as a street artist as well as distributing thousands of art-works via postal and fax networks. During the rise of the internet, he was a key participant of the net.art movement. Within this time he founded irational. org. He has setup and run multiple radio transmission and listening stations internationally. In his current work, The Status Project, he uses artificial intelligence to search for artificial life in both societal and natural systems.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Anon I have decided to publish this text anonymously. The reason is not that I want this authorial act to put me out of reach. Anyone who wanted to could surely find out who the text’s author is. And yet, I still consider anonymity meaningful. Not in the traditional sense as personal protection, but as part of a collective practice. This practice demands a particular attitude of which anonymity is the expression as well as the performative enactment. It has been developed by members of so-called 12-step groups. Anonymity here is about not taking the foremost interest in one’s own well-being, but to instead consider personal well-being as directly connected to that of all living beings and organisms on this planet. Considering myself an advocate of such an attitude, it would be impossible for me to situate this text meaningfully without remaining nameless. I see the reason for this in my ethical obligation towards my integrity and towards the people whom I research about. If you would like to get in touch, anonymity is not an obstacle. Write me on: anonymity_with_an_attitude@ posteo.de&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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        <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Néstor Ponce (b. 1955) is a poet, novelist, short-story writer, and essayist. He has lived in France since 1979, when he arrived as a political exile from Argentina. His work has received numerous literary prizes and recognitions, including the Siglo XXI International Prize for the novel Una vaca ya pronto serás (Siglo XXI, 2006), and his poetry has been translated into English, German, French, and Bulgarian. In 2013 he was named a Knight of the Order of Arts and Letters by France’s Ministry of Culture, the same year in which his book of poetry Desapariencia no engaña (El suri porfiado, 2010) was selected by Argentina’s Ministry of Culture to be distributed to all schools and public libraries in the country. Translated into English as Disappearance without Absence (Waterloo Press, 2017), it is a response to the violence of the military junta (1976–1983) that engages with the contradictions of presence and absence, imagination and memory. Néstor Ponce is Professor Emeritus at the University of Rennes II. Vos es (boy says) is his fourth book of poetry (originally published by El suri porfiado in 2018).&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Where does your voice come from? The one you speak with, or the one you read with? What does it sound like when you read, silently, to yourself? There are the first influences, or at least the ones that first come to mind. But you quickly admit that there are others as well. The voices that emerged from different styles, tones, and patterns in books, stories, poems. From songs and television programs, family members and teachers. There are the voices that you don’t remember as voices, the words you don’t remember reading. This voice, this combination of symbols describing a translated book of poetry, for example, might be acknowledged as the very latest influence in your life.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;After leaving Argentina in exile during the dictatorship of the military junta (1976-1983), Néstor Ponce found his way to France, where he now lives. He has written that throughout his life, reading has connected him to a shifting, unstable set of voices—a community of readers and writers that crisscrosses borders of all kinds, unafraid of conflict and contradiction. boy says (a book with no ending) opens to that community with poems that are at once the words of one poet and the traces of an infinite number of poets, some of whom are explicitly named in the titles of the poems.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This bilingual English–Spanish edition is an open library that is also a private one, made public. As you read, it might be difficult not to ask questions about Nazim Hikmet, Alejandra Pizarnik, Dina Posada, Eugenio Montale, Anna Greki, or Édouard Glissant. And it will be impossible to answer those questions without finding their books, opening them, and hearing your voice shaped by their and Ponce’s words.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Néstor Ponce (b. 1955) is a poet, novelist, short-story writer, and essayist. He has lived in France since 1979, when he arrived as a political exile from Argentina. His work has received numerous literary prizes and recognitions, including the Siglo XXI International Prize for the novel Una vaca ya pronto serás (Siglo XXI, 2006), and his poetry has been translated into English, German, French, and Bulgarian. In 2013 he was named a Knight of the Order of Arts and Letters by France’s Ministry of Culture, the same year in which his book of poetry Desapariencia no engaña (El suri porfiado, 2010) was selected by Argentina’s Ministry of Culture to be distributed to all schools and public libraries in the country. Translated into English as Disappearance without Absence (Waterloo Press, 2017), it is a response to the violence of the military junta (1976–1983) that engages with the contradictions of presence and absence, imagination and memory. Néstor Ponce is Professor Emeritus at the University of Rennes II. Vos es (boy says) is his fourth book of poetry (originally published by El suri porfiado in 2018).&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Building Black: Towards Antiracist Architecture brings together the forefronts of Black Studies and architectural theory. Only recently, architecture and urban planning have started to confront their constitution of race as a social referent, and their part in the establishment of racist logics. This confrontation usually results in projects that respond to their surroundings, that merge into a changing and multicultural city. Building Black, however, proposes the construction of a Black radical position: building islands of resistance against the expanding sea of imperial architecture.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In Building Black, Mason reads the racial meaning of current construction projects in England through the histories of race and architecture. Closely reading Immanuel Kant’s formulation of the Subject as the creator of space and the development of whiteness in Modernist architecture, Mason finds that Blackness is an ongoing, antecedent island that can never quite be subsumed in the racializing project of modernity. Pushing this further, he positions antiracist architecture on a self-enclosed island de-linked from the city, preserving a sociality that cannot be incorporated into liberal universality.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Alongside sustained critiques of architectural theory and Western philosophy, and close engagements with Black Studies and Indigenous thinking, Mason offer a critique of the writing subject as a collaborator in the racialization of urban cartography. In response, Mason turns inwards in this book, opening the impossibility of the writer’s position in architecture and philosophy, and setting up an alternative mode of self-critical architectural writing.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Building Black: Towards Antiracist Architecture brings together the forefronts of Black Studies and architectural theory. Only recently, architecture and urban planning have started to confront their constitution of race as a social referent, and their part in the establishment of racist logics. This confrontation usually results in projects that respond to their surroundings, that merge into a changing and multicultural city. Building Black, however, proposes the construction of a Black radical position: building islands of resistance against the expanding sea of imperial architecture.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In Building Black, Mason reads the racial meaning of current construction projects in England through the histories of race and architecture. Closely reading Immanuel Kant’s formulation of the Subject as the creator of space and the development of whiteness in Modernist architecture, Mason finds that Blackness is an ongoing, antecedent island that can never quite be subsumed in the racializing project of modernity. Pushing this further, he positions antiracist architecture on a self-enclosed island de-linked from the city, preserving a sociality that cannot be incorporated into liberal universality.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Alongside sustained critiques of architectural theory and Western philosophy, and close engagements with Black Studies and Indigenous thinking, Mason offer a critique of the writing subject as a collaborator in the racialization of urban cartography. In response, Mason turns inwards in this book, opening the impossibility of the writer’s position in architecture and philosophy, and setting up an alternative mode of self-critical architectural writing.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The  manifestos  (and  also  anti-manifestos)  collected  here are  culled  from  sessions  organized  by  the  BABEL  Work-ing Group and postmedieval: a journal of medieval cultural studiesat  the  2012  International  Congress  on  Medieval Studies  (Kalamazoo,  MI),  for  which  sessions  we  asked presenters  to  contemplate and  “manifest” alternative  fu-tures for a post/medieval studies, as well as what it means to “let go” of something (“fuck this”) and/or “never let go” (“fuck me”). The presentations were, alternately and sim-ultaneously,  bracing,  funny,  sad,  provocative,  hopeful, pessimistic, sexy, lyrical, polemical, playful, political, am-orous, subjunctive, sticky, frustrated, materialist, dejected, angry,  surrealist, anti-nostalgic, activist,  critical,  tender, weird, and even alchemical.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The  manifestos  (and  also  anti-manifestos)  collected  here are  culled  from  sessions  organized  by  the  BABEL  Work-ing Group and postmedieval: a journal of medieval cultural studiesat  the  2012  International  Congress  on  Medieval Studies  (Kalamazoo,  MI),  for  which  sessions  we  asked presenters  to  contemplate and  “manifest” alternative  fu-tures for a post/medieval studies, as well as what it means to “let go” of something (“fuck this”) and/or “never let go” (“fuck me”). The presentations were, alternately and sim-ultaneously,  bracing,  funny,  sad,  provocative,  hopeful, pessimistic, sexy, lyrical, polemical, playful, political, am-orous, subjunctive, sticky, frustrated, materialist, dejected, angry,  surrealist, anti-nostalgic, activist,  critical,  tender, weird, and even alchemical.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The epigraph for this miniature manifesto is a line that a friend  and  I  remembered  as hers.  It  turned  out  that  that attribution  was  only  part  true,  since it  is also something that Derrida said of HélèneCixous when they committed her work to the National Library of France:  The door is barred but please come in.1I  hope medieval  studies  will  conceptualize  intention when  writing  about medieval  manuscript  culture.  I  don’t mean the  intentions  of  medieval  authors,  but intentionsthat could seem just as objectionable: those of the medie-val people who used manuscripts. By manuscript culture, I  refer not  only  to the  reading  and  writing  activities  of multiple  scribes  and  readers,  but also  to  other  uses  of manuscripts,  some  of  which today seem  anti-intellectual for a variety of reasons, including purposeful destructionfor use in binding, the extraction of leaves for sale or dec-orative  use,  and  even the  use  of  manuscript  material  as talismans.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The epigraph for this miniature manifesto is a line that a friend  and  I  remembered  as hers.  It  turned  out  that  that attribution  was  only  part  true,  since it  is also something that Derrida said of HélèneCixous when they committed her work to the National Library of France:  The door is barred but please come in.1I  hope medieval  studies  will  conceptualize  intention when  writing  about medieval  manuscript  culture.  I  don’t mean the  intentions  of  medieval  authors,  but intentionsthat could seem just as objectionable: those of the medie-val people who used manuscripts. By manuscript culture, I  refer not  only  to the  reading  and  writing  activities  of multiple  scribes  and  readers,  but also  to  other  uses  of manuscripts,  some  of  which today seem  anti-intellectual for a variety of reasons, including purposeful destructionfor use in binding, the extraction of leaves for sale or dec-orative  use,  and  even the  use  of  manuscript  material  as talismans.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">21st-Century Medieval Studies</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Seeing a Forest as Well as Trees</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Frank Battaglia</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>College of Staten Island</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Our  subject,  medieval  studies,  was  named  for  a  “middle age.”  It  came  between  Antiquity,  specifically  the  Roman Empire,  and  the  nation  states  that  succeeded  it,  particu-larly in Europe.An   extensive   regime   was   displaced   as competing structures  of  power—operating  from  various  centers  but often  more  elaborate  in  their  controls—struggled  into existence.We live in a time when the so-called global economic system, enacted  by  free-range  and  state-run  capitalisms, is  extending  its  reach  over  the  entire  planet,  dislocating national networks. International trade agreements dimin-ish the ability of even the U.S. or E.U., let alone less pow-erful  entities,  to  enforce  environmental  or  labor  laws. Nation  states  are  giving  way  to  a  larger  system,  difficult to describe, as the interests of the World Economic Forum impel events more effectively than those of the U.N. Gen-eral  Assembly.1Meanwhile,  from  Ecuadorean  tribes  of the upper Amazon to the adivasi of forest India, virtually no  area  escapes  exploitation,  nor does  any independent social entity avoid integration and/or obliteration.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Our  subject,  medieval  studies,  was  named  for  a  “middle age.”  It  came  between  Antiquity,  specifically  the  Roman Empire,  and  the  nation  states  that  succeeded  it,  particu-larly in Europe.An   extensive   regime   was   displaced   as competing structures  of  power—operating  from  various  centers  but often  more  elaborate  in  their  controls—struggled  into existence.We live in a time when the so-called global economic system, enacted  by  free-range  and  state-run  capitalisms, is  extending  its  reach  over  the  entire  planet,  dislocating national networks. International trade agreements dimin-ish the ability of even the U.S. or E.U., let alone less pow-erful  entities,  to  enforce  environmental  or  labor  laws. Nation  states  are  giving  way  to  a  larger  system,  difficult to describe, as the interests of the World Economic Forum impel events more effectively than those of the U.N. Gen-eral  Assembly.1Meanwhile,  from  Ecuadorean  tribes  of the upper Amazon to the adivasi of forest India, virtually no  area  escapes  exploitation,  nor does  any independent social entity avoid integration and/or obliteration.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Net Worth</TitleText>
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          <ContributorRole>A01</ContributorRole>
          <PersonName>Bettina Bildhauer</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Bettina</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Bildhauer</KeyNames>
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              <AffiliationIDType>40</AffiliationIDType>
              <IDValue>02wn5qz54</IDValue>
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            <Affiliation>University of St Andrews</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;One  might  argue  that  we  hardly  need  another  plea  for more materiality  in  medieval  studies:it's  a  buzz  topic at medievalist  conferences;  the  first  issue  of postmedievalwas devoted to it; and prominent members of the BABEL Working  Group  have  been  thinking  with  Bruno  Latour, Jane Bennett, Bill Brown,and Graham Harman for years. And  yet,  the  idea  that  agency  is  always  an  interaction, a network  in  which  any  element—not  just  what  we  tradi-tionally  call  human  subjects,  but  also  non-human  ob-jects—can  be  alive,  active  and cognizantstill  sounds  mad to the medievalist mainstream and to most of the general public.The  subject-object  distinction  is  one  of  our  most basic patterns of thought and not easily displaced by aca-demic fashion. So I will sound hopelessly belated and to-tally  obvious  to  some,  and  crazily  airy-fairy  and  non-sensical to others, when I now point out five things that I, as  a  literary  and  cultural  historian,have  learned  so  far fromstudying materiality.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;One  might  argue  that  we  hardly  need  another  plea  for more materiality  in  medieval  studies:it's  a  buzz  topic at medievalist  conferences;  the  first  issue  of postmedievalwas devoted to it; and prominent members of the BABEL Working  Group  have  been  thinking  with  Bruno  Latour, Jane Bennett, Bill Brown,and Graham Harman for years. And  yet,  the  idea  that  agency  is  always  an  interaction, a network  in  which  any  element—not  just  what  we  tradi-tionally  call  human  subjects,  but  also  non-human  ob-jects—can  be  alive,  active  and cognizantstill  sounds  mad to the medievalist mainstream and to most of the general public.The  subject-object  distinction  is  one  of  our  most basic patterns of thought and not easily displaced by aca-demic fashion. So I will sound hopelessly belated and to-tally  obvious  to  some,  and  crazily  airy-fairy  and  non-sensical to others, when I now point out five things that I, as  a  literary  and  cultural  historian,have  learned  so  far fromstudying materiality.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Bildhauer, Bettina</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Our Feminism/ Our Activism</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Martha Easton</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Martha</NamesBeforeKey>
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              <IDValue>05q87sg56</IDValue>
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            <Affiliation>Saint Joseph's University</Affiliation>
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          <PersonName>Maggie Williams</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Maggie</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Williams</KeyNames>
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              <IDValue>00k3ayt93</IDValue>
            </AffiliationIdentifier>
            <Affiliation>William Paterson University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Martha  and  I  are  mothers.  We  are  feminists.  We  are  art historians.  We  are  activists.  We  have  each  struggled  to keep those identities carefully compartmentalized to ach-ieve  some  abstract  notion  of  success.  Both  of  us  were drawn to BABEL’s“Fuck This: On Finally Letting Go” and “Fuck  Me:  On  Never  Letting  Go”sessions  out  of  a  sense of  frustration:  dissatisfaction  with  the  tactics  of  purport-edly activist groups, disillusionment with the hypocrisies of academic life, and disappointment in our own and oth-ers’  willingness  to  rock  the  boat.  Today,  we  are  finally letting  go  of  preserving  our  secret  identities.  Together, we  will  unmask  our  true  selves,  telling  our  stories  and sharing  our  hopes  for  real  change.  Rather  than  coping silently, we want to call for real progressive action among medievalists.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Martha  and  I  are  mothers.  We  are  feminists.  We  are  art historians.  We  are  activists.  We  have  each  struggled  to keep those identities carefully compartmentalized to ach-ieve  some  abstract  notion  of  success.  Both  of  us  were drawn to BABEL’s“Fuck This: On Finally Letting Go” and “Fuck  Me:  On  Never  Letting  Go”sessions  out  of  a  sense of  frustration:  dissatisfaction  with  the  tactics  of  purport-edly activist groups, disillusionment with the hypocrisies of academic life, and disappointment in our own and oth-ers’  willingness  to  rock  the  boat.  Today,  we  are  finally letting  go  of  preserving  our  secret  identities.  Together, we  will  unmask  our  true  selves,  telling  our  stories  and sharing  our  hopes  for  real  change.  Rather  than  coping silently, we want to call for real progressive action among medievalists.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Easton, Martha</PersonName>
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            <PersonName>Williams, Maggie</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Be Critical!</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Ruth Evans</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>Saint Louis University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;I hate manifestos. They are so yesterday.Blast the manifesto! Its revolutionary  impulse  is,  as  James  Simpson  observesabout a wholly different phenomenon and time period, to do withthe  desire  for  a  clean  break  between thenand now, a break in which the past is itself created “by being made very dark,  wholly  repellent,  and  sharply  different  from  the  bril-liant new present.”1I don’t believe in the revolutionary breakor the brilliant new present, although I’m with John Ball, that things have to change: “God doe bote, for now is time.” The manifesto is always timely.Sobless the manifesto! Whatever. I also hate the credo. I believe in things, but not in that abso-lute way.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;I hate manifestos. They are so yesterday.Blast the manifesto! Its revolutionary  impulse  is,  as  James  Simpson  observesabout a wholly different phenomenon and time period, to do withthe  desire  for  a  clean  break  between thenand now, a break in which the past is itself created “by being made very dark,  wholly  repellent,  and  sharply  different  from  the  bril-liant new present.”1I don’t believe in the revolutionary breakor the brilliant new present, although I’m with John Ball, that things have to change: “God doe bote, for now is time.” The manifesto is always timely.Sobless the manifesto! Whatever. I also hate the credo. I believe in things, but not in that abso-lute way.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <PersonName>Evans, Ruth</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">This Is Your Brain on Medieval Studies</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Joshua R. Eyler</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Joshua R.</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Eyler</KeyNames>
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              <IDValue>008zs3103</IDValue>
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            <Affiliation>Rice University</Affiliation>
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              <IDValue>02teq1165</IDValue>
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            <Affiliation>University of Mississippi</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The  time  has  come  to  vigorously  fight  back  against  the devaluation  of  the  humanities  by  policy  makers  and  by college administrations thatseek to close programs due to so-called financial exigencies, and I believe that Medieval Studies has an important role to play in this battle.Part of me thinks that, out of mere principle, we should refuse to kowtow to these threats and to hold our linethat the hu-manities  are  inherently  valuable  in  and  of  themselves; after all, they have served as the foundation for a univer-sity education for centuries.In the end, though, my more pragmatic side wins out.The push for accountability will not  slacken,  but  will  steadily  increase,  as  we  move  into the future.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The  time  has  come  to  vigorously  fight  back  against  the devaluation  of  the  humanities  by  policy  makers  and  by college administrations thatseek to close programs due to so-called financial exigencies, and I believe that Medieval Studies has an important role to play in this battle.Part of me thinks that, out of mere principle, we should refuse to kowtow to these threats and to hold our linethat the hu-manities  are  inherently  valuable  in  and  of  themselves; after all, they have served as the foundation for a univer-sity education for centuries.In the end, though, my more pragmatic side wins out.The push for accountability will not  slacken,  but  will  steadily  increase,  as  we  move  into the future.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Eyler, Joshua R.</PersonName>
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          <LastPageNumber>36</LastPageNumber>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Sticking Together</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Lara Farina</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Lara</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Farina</KeyNames>
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              <AffiliationIDType>40</AffiliationIDType>
              <IDValue>011vxgd24</IDValue>
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            <Affiliation>West Virginia University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;If I’m going into the future, I want the things I’ve readto come  along.  Notthat  I  have much  choice;  they’ll  stick with  me,anyway.  Many  of  themhave  doubtless stuck with you, too. They may have stuck us together, you and I.  And  they’re  alwaysnudging us  for  further  introduc-tions—to   students,   colleagues,   friends,   readers, lovers, anyone, really, who will invite them to parties and work-shops  and  conversationsof  all  kinds. We  shouldn’t be-grudge  this promiscuous behavior,  since time  spent  with others  does  not  require  that  they  spendless with  us. That’s  one  of  their  special  charms,  this  temporal  non-economy, this unhinging of time from trade.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;If I’m going into the future, I want the things I’ve readto come  along.  Notthat  I  have much  choice;  they’ll  stick with  me,anyway.  Many  of  themhave  doubtless stuck with you, too. They may have stuck us together, you and I.  And  they’re  alwaysnudging us  for  further  introduc-tions—to   students,   colleagues,   friends,   readers, lovers, anyone, really, who will invite them to parties and work-shops  and  conversationsof  all  kinds. We  shouldn’t be-grudge  this promiscuous behavior,  since time  spent  with others  does  not  require  that  they  spendless with  us. That’s  one  of  their  special  charms,  this  temporal  non-economy, this unhinging of time from trade.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <PersonName>Farina, Lara</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Waging Guerrilla Warfare against the 19th Century</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Matthew Gabriele</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The idea of writing a “manifesto” for this panel was par-ticularly appealing to me for two reasons. First, I like be-ing  around  people  who  work  heavily  in  theory.  Their perspectives  and  ideas  continually  challenge  my  own, even  if,  since  I’m  but  a  simple  historian  by  training,  I don’t  always  understand  what  they’re  talking  about.  I implore my fellow panelists to therefore use small wordsso that I can follow along ...&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The idea of writing a “manifesto” for this panel was par-ticularly appealing to me for two reasons. First, I like be-ing  around  people  who  work  heavily  in  theory.  Their perspectives  and  ideas  continually  challenge  my  own, even  if,  since  I’m  but  a  simple  historian  by  training,  I don’t  always  understand  what  they’re  talking  about.  I implore my fellow panelists to therefore use small wordsso that I can follow along ...&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Medieval Studies in the Subjunctive Mood</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Gaelan Gilbert</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>Hellenic College Holy Cross Greek Orthodox School of Theology</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Let’s just run with it. The potentially instructive, because utterly  naïve,  thought  experiment  of  entertaining  for  a moment   that we   have   never   been   modern.   Forget modernism—what if modernitynever happened?Not that we know what “modern” even means, except as an empty qualifier perched with pomp at the crest of history. Then again,  that’s  precisely  the  point.  Modernity,  like  Walter Benjamin’s angel of history looking over its shoulder, has always been running from what it no longer wants to be, shouting “not  that!  not  that!”  And  yet—and  it’s  a  big  yet —if  we  are  becoming increasingly  convinced  by  Bruno Latour,  then  not  only  were  we  never  not  medieval,  but medieval  no  longer  has  to  mean  “premodern.” If Benja-min’s  angel  of modern history  can’t  stop  looking  back-ward and defining itself in opposition to what it sees as a sort of negative immanence (what, in the past, it fears and loathes),  then  perhaps  “to  be  medieval,”  as  Andrew  Cole and D. Vance Smith have put it, “is to posit a future in the very act of self-recognition, to offer a memory or memo-rial to a future that will be recognized at a time and place not yet known.”1 A future, that is, which positively trans-cends presence.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Let’s just run with it. The potentially instructive, because utterly  naïve,  thought  experiment  of  entertaining  for  a moment   that we   have   never   been   modern.   Forget modernism—what if modernitynever happened?Not that we know what “modern” even means, except as an empty qualifier perched with pomp at the crest of history. Then again,  that’s  precisely  the  point.  Modernity,  like  Walter Benjamin’s angel of history looking over its shoulder, has always been running from what it no longer wants to be, shouting “not  that!  not  that!”  And  yet—and  it’s  a  big  yet —if  we  are  becoming increasingly  convinced  by  Bruno Latour,  then  not  only  were  we  never  not  medieval,  but medieval  no  longer  has  to  mean  “premodern.” If Benja-min’s  angel  of modern history  can’t  stop  looking  back-ward and defining itself in opposition to what it sees as a sort of negative immanence (what, in the past, it fears and loathes),  then  perhaps  “to  be  medieval,”  as  Andrew  Cole and D. Vance Smith have put it, “is to posit a future in the very act of self-recognition, to offer a memory or memo-rial to a future that will be recognized at a time and place not yet known.”1 A future, that is, which positively trans-cends presence.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Radical Ridicule</TitleText>
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            <Affiliation>University of California, Davis</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;We’ve  been  hearing  a  lot lately about  the  “descriptive turn”  in  literary  studies,  which  is as  much  a  turn  away from critical hermeneutics  and symptomatic reading as a turn toward observation and description. This isn’t a neu-tral  development  or  a  mere  change  in  direction. On  the contrary, it entails a broad-based repudiation of Marxism, psychoanalysis, and  post-structuralism  as  methodologies that  are  unconsciously  enmeshed  in  the  very  humanist ideologies  they purport  to  demystify.  It  also frequently trips over its own feet, formulating critiques of critique in order supposedly to move beyond it.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;We’ve  been  hearing  a  lot lately about  the  “descriptive turn”  in  literary  studies,  which  is as  much  a  turn  away from critical hermeneutics  and symptomatic reading as a turn toward observation and description. This isn’t a neu-tral  development  or  a  mere  change  in  direction. On  the contrary, it entails a broad-based repudiation of Marxism, psychoanalysis, and  post-structuralism  as  methodologies that  are  unconsciously  enmeshed  in  the  very  humanist ideologies  they purport  to  demystify.  It  also frequently trips over its own feet, formulating critiques of critique in order supposedly to move beyond it.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <PersonName>Guynn, Noah D.</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Burn(ed) Before Writing</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">The Late Stages of a Late Medieval PhD and Current Academic Realities</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>David Hadbawnik</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>University at Buffalo, State University of New York</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Facebook friend Jeffrey Jerome Cohen posts the following remark on September 13, 2011:The JIL [Job Information List of the Modern Lan-guage  Association] is  out  today,  and  it looks  to be  another  grim  year  for  jobs  in  medieval  and early modern studies. Best wishes for all who are on the market.This  draws  a  number  of comments from  chagrined job-seekers and faculty in short-handed departments.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Facebook friend Jeffrey Jerome Cohen posts the following remark on September 13, 2011:The JIL [Job Information List of the Modern Lan-guage  Association] is  out  today,  and  it looks  to be  another  grim  year  for  jobs  in  medieval  and early modern studies. Best wishes for all who are on the market.This  draws  a  number  of comments from  chagrined job-seekers and faculty in short-handed departments.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">History and Commitment</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Guy Halsall</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>University of York</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;No one will pretend it is possible to tell history as it really was. But no one has seized the implication of that. Its empirical ghost remains, although simple factual accu-racy sets the bar pretty low for a historical project. Is  the  cry  ‘Rankean  History  is  dead:  long  live  Rankean History’? Or  is  it  time  to  explore  again  the  pre-Rankean  idea  of history as philosophy teaching by example?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;No one will pretend it is possible to tell history as it really was. But no one has seized the implication of that. Its empirical ghost remains, although simple factual accu-racy sets the bar pretty low for a historical project. Is  the  cry  ‘Rankean  History  is  dead:  long  live  Rankean History’? Or  is  it  time  to  explore  again  the  pre-Rankean  idea  of history as philosophy teaching by example?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">On Never Letting Go</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Cary Howie</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>Cornell University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;There are a lot of things to be said for letting go. Our at-tachments can limit us in bad ways as well as good ones; more  than  once,  when  saying  goodbye  to  a  particular place  or  person  whose  future  just  cannot  be  mine  any longer,  I  have  thought  of  Alison  Krauss  affirming, with her usual  bittersweetness,  “And  I’m  no  longer  bound  /  I can  let  go  now.”1  It  is  often  difficult  to  cop  to  the  things that  bind  us;  difficult  to  assess  what  kind  of  binding makes us live more intensely and what kind of binding, in contrast,  merely  constrains  us,  keeps  us  from  that  fuller life. Letting go makes room for something, and the whole point  is  that  it’s  a  gamble:  you  don’t  know  what  you’re making  room  for.  That  determinacy  is,  among  other things,  what  you’re  giving  up.  Similarly,  in  a  different idiom, the classic definition of melancholia is built around a refusal to let go: a refusal to acknowledge what is gone as  gone.  But  in  the  background  of  every  question  about letting  go,  another  question  lurks:  how  do  we  know  that something  is  gone?  And  how,  by  the  same  token,  do  we come to terms with the very real presences that continue to  surround  and  define  us?  That  is  to  say,  if  melancholia misses its mark because it will not surrender what it aims at,  even  when  what  it  aims  at  is  gone,  there  is  a  kind  of complementary  malaise  that  is  too  cavalier  about  its terms  of  surrender,  that  wants  to  aim  at  nothing  at  all, that  wants  to  give  it  all  up,  even  those  things  without which  life  is,  strictly  speaking,  unimaginable.  In  these pages I’d like to ask this question, among others: is there a  way  to  honor  the  risk,  the  gamble,  implicit  in  our  ges-tures  of  relinquishment  while  also  affirming  the  ties  that continue to bind us—for the best—to the world? Or, to put it  slightly  differently,  can  we  let  go  of  certain  things—certain  professional  outcomes,  erotic  futures,  grudges, habits—while holding on to others, without this diminish-ing our relinquishment?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;There are a lot of things to be said for letting go. Our at-tachments can limit us in bad ways as well as good ones; more  than  once,  when  saying  goodbye  to  a  particular place  or  person  whose  future  just  cannot  be  mine  any longer,  I  have  thought  of  Alison  Krauss  affirming, with her usual  bittersweetness,  “And  I’m  no  longer  bound  /  I can  let  go  now.”1  It  is  often  difficult  to  cop  to  the  things that  bind  us;  difficult  to  assess  what  kind  of  binding makes us live more intensely and what kind of binding, in contrast,  merely  constrains  us,  keeps  us  from  that  fuller life. Letting go makes room for something, and the whole point  is  that  it’s  a  gamble:  you  don’t  know  what  you’re making  room  for.  That  determinacy  is,  among  other things,  what  you’re  giving  up.  Similarly,  in  a  different idiom, the classic definition of melancholia is built around a refusal to let go: a refusal to acknowledge what is gone as  gone.  But  in  the  background  of  every  question  about letting  go,  another  question  lurks:  how  do  we  know  that something  is  gone?  And  how,  by  the  same  token,  do  we come to terms with the very real presences that continue to  surround  and  define  us?  That  is  to  say,  if  melancholia misses its mark because it will not surrender what it aims at,  even  when  what  it  aims  at  is  gone,  there  is  a  kind  of complementary  malaise  that  is  too  cavalier  about  its terms  of  surrender,  that  wants  to  aim  at  nothing  at  all, that  wants  to  give  it  all  up,  even  those  things  without which  life  is,  strictly  speaking,  unimaginable.  In  these pages I’d like to ask this question, among others: is there a  way  to  honor  the  risk,  the  gamble,  implicit  in  our  ges-tures  of  relinquishment  while  also  affirming  the  ties  that continue to bind us—for the best—to the world? Or, to put it  slightly  differently,  can  we  let  go  of  certain  things—certain  professional  outcomes,  erotic  futures,  grudges, habits—while holding on to others, without this diminish-ing our relinquishment?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">The Gothic Fly</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Shayne Aaron Legassie</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Gore  Verbinski’s  2002  filmThe  Ringis  a  remake  of  the popular  Japanese  horror  movieRingu (1998),  directed  by Hideo  Nakata.  Both  films  tell  the  story  of  a  cursed  vide-otape  whose  viewers  die  gruesome  deaths  seven  days after  they  watch  it.  At  the  level  of  both  plot  and  visual style,  Verbinski’s  departures  from Ringuare  deeply  in-debted  to  the  conventions  of  the  gothic  novel,  especially as  they  were  mediated  by  European  and  American  cine-ma.  This  gothic  aesthetic “translates” Ringu into  a  more familiar Hollywood idiom for the benefit of North Ameri-can viewers. Many of The Ring’s gothic innovations have long pedigrees, some of which stretch back to premodern painting and thought.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Gore  Verbinski’s  2002  filmThe  Ringis  a  remake  of  the popular  Japanese  horror  movieRingu (1998),  directed  by Hideo  Nakata.  Both  films  tell  the  story  of  a  cursed  vide-otape  whose  viewers  die  gruesome  deaths  seven  days after  they  watch  it.  At  the  level  of  both  plot  and  visual style,  Verbinski’s  departures  from Ringuare  deeply  in-debted  to  the  conventions  of  the  gothic  novel,  especially as  they  were  mediated  by  European  and  American  cine-ma.  This  gothic  aesthetic “translates” Ringu into  a  more familiar Hollywood idiom for the benefit of North Ameri-can viewers. Many of The Ring’s gothic innovations have long pedigrees, some of which stretch back to premodern painting and thought.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Fuck Postcolonialism</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Erin Maglaque</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Since the late 1990s, a group of medieval literary scholars and  historians  have drawn  upon  postcolonial  theory,  a discipline  which  itself  emerged,  in  its  most  coherent  and resilient  form,  from  the  Subaltern  Studies  group  fifteen years  before.1  Medievalists’ work with postcolonial theo-ry can be roughly divided into two kinds of engagement: first  is  the  group  of  scholars  interested  in  applying  post-colonial  theories  to  their  medieval  sources,  and  who  are, in  the  tradition  of  Said’s Orientalism,  interested  in  the representative  work  of  the  racial  or  ethnic  other  in  the medieval  text.  A  second  and  perhaps  more  disparate group is interested in the disciplinary and political impli-cations  of medievalism  and  postcolonialism,  their  inter-twined  intellectual  histories,  and  especially  the  ways  in which  studying  the  interrelation  between  postcolonial and  medieval  historiographies  can  lead  to  a  reconsidera-tion of periodization and temporalities.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Since the late 1990s, a group of medieval literary scholars and  historians  have drawn  upon  postcolonial  theory,  a discipline  which  itself  emerged,  in  its  most  coherent  and resilient  form,  from  the  Subaltern  Studies  group  fifteen years  before.1  Medievalists’ work with postcolonial theo-ry can be roughly divided into two kinds of engagement: first  is  the  group  of  scholars  interested  in  applying  post-colonial  theories  to  their  medieval  sources,  and  who  are, in  the  tradition  of  Said’s Orientalism,  interested  in  the representative  work  of  the  racial  or  ethnic  other  in  the medieval  text.  A  second  and  perhaps  more  disparate group is interested in the disciplinary and political impli-cations  of medievalism  and  postcolonialism,  their  inter-twined  intellectual  histories,  and  especially  the  ways  in which  studying  the  interrelation  between  postcolonial and  medieval  historiographies  can  lead  to  a  reconsidera-tion of periodization and temporalities.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">We Are the Material Collective</TitleText>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;We  are  the  Material  Collective,  a  group  of  medievalists interrogating visual materials. We seek to:cooperateencouragesharepromote transparencytouchdesiredestabilizeamuse blunder. As  a  collaborative  of  students  of  visual  culture,  Material Collective seeks to foster a safe space for alternative ways of thinking about objects. We  strive  for  transparency  in  our  practice,  and  we  en-courage the same in our institutional surroundings.Our  project  touches upon  both  form  and  content,  as  we pursue  a  lyrical  and  experimental  style  of  writing  along with  a  more  humane,  collaborative,  and  supportive  pro-cess of scholarship&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;We  are  the  Material  Collective,  a  group  of  medievalists interrogating visual materials. We seek to:cooperateencouragesharepromote transparencytouchdesiredestabilizeamuse blunder. As  a  collaborative  of  students  of  visual  culture,  Material Collective seeks to foster a safe space for alternative ways of thinking about objects. We  strive  for  transparency  in  our  practice,  and  we  en-courage the same in our institutional surroundings.Our  project  touches upon  both  form  and  content,  as  we pursue  a  lyrical  and  experimental  style  of  writing  along with  a  more  humane,  collaborative,  and  supportive  pro-cess of scholarship&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Medievalism/ Surrealism</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Thomas Mical</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This is a question concerning architecture. An immersion into  the imaginary worlds,  specifically  the  fusion  of  an imaginary  world  into  the  everyday  real,  was  the  great project  of surrealism.  The  surrealist  avant-garde  sought to open up a supra-sensory milieu of impossible relations, including   monstrous   bodies,   irrational   hybrids, genre mutations, forbidden landscapes   and gardens,   and   a whole  range  of  partial  co-located  figures  and  gestures, half  real  and  half  other. Surrealism  was  the  promise  of  a world of alterity and delight, capable of emerging or eru-pting  at  the  slightest  provocation,  in  the  subtlest  periph-eral  glimpse  of  a  disfiguration,  and  in  the  recall  of  the sense  and  feel  of  a  new  space (déjà  vu, already  sensed). Surrealism  is  the  obverse  of  modern  rationalism,  both intersecting  but  incomplete  projects.  It  is  from  this  call that unrecognized  medieval alterity  can  diversify  medie-val  architectural  history  beyond  the  monumental  history of differentiated cathedrals (and walled cities).&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This is a question concerning architecture. An immersion into  the imaginary worlds,  specifically  the  fusion  of  an imaginary  world  into  the  everyday  real,  was  the  great project  of surrealism.  The  surrealist  avant-garde  sought to open up a supra-sensory milieu of impossible relations, including   monstrous   bodies,   irrational   hybrids, genre mutations, forbidden landscapes   and gardens,   and   a whole  range  of  partial  co-located  figures  and  gestures, half  real  and  half  other. Surrealism  was  the  promise  of  a world of alterity and delight, capable of emerging or eru-pting  at  the  slightest  provocation,  in  the  subtlest  periph-eral  glimpse  of  a  disfiguration,  and  in  the  recall  of  the sense  and  feel  of  a  new  space (déjà  vu, already  sensed). Surrealism  is  the  obverse  of  modern  rationalism,  both intersecting  but  incomplete  projects.  It  is  from  this  call that unrecognized  medieval alterity  can  diversify  medie-val  architectural  history  beyond  the  monumental  history of differentiated cathedrals (and walled cities).&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">De catervis ceteris</TitleText>
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            <Affiliation>University of Toronto</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Look,  I’m  fine,  and  you’re  probably  fine,  and  this  is  all lovely  and  fine,  and  I  don’t  really  have  any  complaints, and  I  don’t  want  to  stand  here  honking  and  screaming and telling you that you have to do this and you can’t do that,  because  really  I’m  fine,  and  you’re  fine,  and  this  is all lovely and fine, and I have my ways of doing my thing, and  you  all  have  your  ways  of  doing  your  thing,  and we have  developed  and  will  continue  to  develop  ways  of communicating  and  connecting  and  intersecting  and  in-tercalating and networking and perverting and permuting and   exchanging   and   pollinating   and   multiplying   and shuffling  and  alphabetizing  and  taxonimizing  and  trans-lating  and  transposing  and  creatively  mishearing  and misreading  and  assembling  and  reassembling  and  pleasuring  and  tantalizing  and  polishing  and  abrading  and interrogating  and  sculpting  and  remodeling  and  renovat-ing and flipping and overturning and revolutionizing and transcending  and  eventually  nostalgically  or  elegiacally recalling  and  reciting  and  reenacting  and  recreating  and repositioning and reconsidering and reattaching our vari-ous things like so many Lego bricks or Tinkertoys or sex-ual organs, and this is fine, and I’m fine, and you’re F-I-N-E fine, and this is all lovely and fine, but, and this is a small but, there’s a little thing I’m worried about, or maybe not worried  about  but  maybe  bored  by,  or  maybe  not  bored by but frustrated with, or maybe I’m frustrated and bored and  a  little  worried,  even  though  I’m  fine,  and  this  isn’t meant  to  detract  from  your  own  fineness,  or  how  lovely and fine all this is, because it really is lovely and fine and you  really  are  fine,  but:  Could  you  stop  talking  about England? Could you stop talking about English literature quite  all  the  time?  Or  English  history?  Or  English art  or whatever?   Although   really,   English   literature.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Look,  I’m  fine,  and  you’re  probably  fine,  and  this  is  all lovely  and  fine,  and  I  don’t  really  have  any  complaints, and  I  don’t  want  to  stand  here  honking  and  screaming and telling you that you have to do this and you can’t do that,  because  really  I’m  fine,  and  you’re  fine,  and  this  is all lovely and fine, and I have my ways of doing my thing, and  you  all  have  your  ways  of  doing  your  thing,  and we have  developed  and  will  continue  to  develop  ways  of communicating  and  connecting  and  intersecting  and  in-tercalating and networking and perverting and permuting and   exchanging   and   pollinating   and   multiplying   and shuffling  and  alphabetizing  and  taxonimizing  and  trans-lating  and  transposing  and  creatively  mishearing  and misreading  and  assembling  and  reassembling  and  pleasuring  and  tantalizing  and  polishing  and  abrading  and interrogating  and  sculpting  and  remodeling  and  renovat-ing and flipping and overturning and revolutionizing and transcending  and  eventually  nostalgically  or  elegiacally recalling  and  reciting  and  reenacting  and  recreating  and repositioning and reconsidering and reattaching our vari-ous things like so many Lego bricks or Tinkertoys or sex-ual organs, and this is fine, and I’m fine, and you’re F-I-N-E fine, and this is all lovely and fine, but, and this is a small but, there’s a little thing I’m worried about, or maybe not worried  about  but  maybe  bored  by,  or  maybe  not  bored by but frustrated with, or maybe I’m frustrated and bored and  a  little  worried,  even  though  I’m  fine,  and  this  isn’t meant  to  detract  from  your  own  fineness,  or  how  lovely and fine all this is, because it really is lovely and fine and you  really  are  fine,  but:  Could  you  stop  talking  about England? Could you stop talking about English literature quite  all  the  time?  Or  English  history?  Or  English art  or whatever?   Although   really,   English   literature.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <Affiliation>New York University</Affiliation>
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            <Affiliation>University of Massachusetts Boston</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;We,  the  Ornamentalists,  anarcho-eco-pacificist  amateurs, advocate an   aesthetics   of   historical   cosmicity   as   the ground of  an  ethics  of medieval  studies,  an  avant-garde poetics, and a revolutionary politics of elaborating a var-ied cosmos as Public Park. In the face of the current plan-etary ecological disaster and its goads—the State and Cap-italism—a  radical  reorientation of  our  interface  with  the Cosmos  is  necessary. For  medieval  studies  to  begin to adequately respond, it must move aside from the impulse to thematizethe cultural and the ecological or to describe their mutual transversal as thematized by medieval litera-ture.  Instead, we  mustMAKE  (as  inPOETICS).  We  mustelaborate non- and de-instrumentalized ethics and proce-dures that allow interface with the non-Human Cosmos.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;We,  the  Ornamentalists,  anarcho-eco-pacificist  amateurs, advocate an   aesthetics   of   historical   cosmicity   as   the ground of  an  ethics  of medieval  studies,  an  avant-garde poetics, and a revolutionary politics of elaborating a var-ied cosmos as Public Park. In the face of the current plan-etary ecological disaster and its goads—the State and Cap-italism—a  radical  reorientation of  our  interface  with  the Cosmos  is  necessary. For  medieval  studies  to  begin to adequately respond, it must move aside from the impulse to thematizethe cultural and the ecological or to describe their mutual transversal as thematized by medieval litera-ture.  Instead, we  mustMAKE  (as  inPOETICS).  We  mustelaborate non- and de-instrumentalized ethics and proce-dures that allow interface with the non-Human Cosmos.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <PersonName>Remein, Daniel C. </PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">A Medieval</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Manifesto</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Christopher Roman</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Christopher</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Roman</KeyNames>
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              <AffiliationIDType>40</AffiliationIDType>
              <IDValue>049pfb863</IDValue>
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            <Affiliation>Kent State University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;A  medieval  refuses  ‘the.’  ‘The’  indicates  singularity,  a reaching back to see a monolith. But, the Angel of Histo-ry  does  not  see  the  past  as  monolith;  it  approaches  in fragments, pieces and chairs, bookcases and drops, reach-ing out with its queer touch.A  medieval  does  not  rest.  Once  it  has  been  identified it has  already  been  lost.  What is  left  is  an  event  that  is  its becoming.A  medieval  is  evident  in  slime  trails  that are  left.  These paths  ooze  into  the  earth,  evaporate  into  air.  They  are reflected in whatever light is shined upon them.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;A  medieval  refuses  ‘the.’  ‘The’  indicates  singularity,  a reaching back to see a monolith. But, the Angel of Histo-ry  does  not  see  the  past  as  monolith;  it  approaches  in fragments, pieces and chairs, bookcases and drops, reach-ing out with its queer touch.A  medieval  does  not  rest.  Once  it  has  been  identified it has  already  been  lost.  What is  left  is  an  event  that  is  its becoming.A  medieval  is  evident  in  slime  trails  that are  left.  These paths  ooze  into  the  earth,  evaporate  into  air.  They  are reflected in whatever light is shined upon them.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Roman, Christopher</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Homo Narrans</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Eva von Contzen</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Eva</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>von Contzen</KeyNames>
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              <AffiliationIDType>40</AffiliationIDType>
              <IDValue>0245cg223</IDValue>
            </AffiliationIdentifier>
            <Affiliation>University of Freiburg</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;My title is borrowed from a book by John D. Niles on the pervasiveness of storytelling among human beings.1 Niles investigates  oral  literature  from  both  an  anthropological and a  cultural  perspective  and  demonstrates  its  socio-cultural  grounding  and  significance.  We  think  in  stories and  narrativize  our  experiences  in  the  world.  We  trans-form objects, natural processes, and unrelated occurrenc-es  into  narratives  by  establishing  links  of  coherence  and causality,  by adding  personification  and  anthropomor-phism,  and  by  projecting  feelings  onto  that  which  sur-rounds  us.  We  tell  stories  to  soothe,  to  debate,  to  invite response, to strengthen friendship, to remember, to argue, to  bond,  and  to  define  our  identity―the  list  could  be extended  endlessly,  so  manifold  are  the  reasons  and  mo-tivations behind the storytelling impulse.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;My title is borrowed from a book by John D. Niles on the pervasiveness of storytelling among human beings.1 Niles investigates  oral  literature  from  both  an  anthropological and a  cultural  perspective  and  demonstrates  its  socio-cultural  grounding  and  significance.  We  think  in  stories and  narrativize  our  experiences  in  the  world.  We  trans-form objects, natural processes, and unrelated occurrenc-es  into  narratives  by  establishing  links  of  coherence  and causality,  by adding  personification  and  anthropomor-phism,  and  by  projecting  feelings  onto  that  which  sur-rounds  us.  We  tell  stories  to  soothe,  to  debate,  to  invite response, to strengthen friendship, to remember, to argue, to  bond,  and  to  define  our  identity―the  list  could  be extended  endlessly,  so  manifold  are  the  reasons  and  mo-tivations behind the storytelling impulse.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <ContentAudience>00</ContentAudience>
          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>von Contzen, Eva</PersonName>
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        <TitleDetail>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Historicism and Its Discontents</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Erik Wade</PersonName>
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          <KeyNames>Wade</KeyNames>
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              <AffiliationIDType>40</AffiliationIDType>
              <IDValue>05vt9qd57</IDValue>
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            <Affiliation>Rutgers University</Affiliation>
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          <ProfessionalAffiliation>
            <AffiliationIdentifier>
              <AffiliationIDType>40</AffiliationIDType>
              <IDValue>041nas322</IDValue>
            </AffiliationIdentifier>
            <Affiliation>University of Bonn</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;A text is being historicized. As with Freud's famous essay on  the  fantasy  “a  child  is  being  beaten,”  what  matters most is the fantasy that the vague statement covers over.1What is the fantasy that historicism supports? Numerous arguments have been raised against historicism. However,  my  interest  here  lies  less  in  those  arguments  than  in exploring the fantasy that undergirds both historicism as well  as  its  renunciation.  What  might  it  mean  to  give  up historicism? Moreover, what might it mean to abandon a practice, as opposed to abandoning an object? This essay troubles  the  idea  of  letting  go  of  historicism  by  suggest-ing  that  historicism  is  itself  a  kind  of  letting  go,  a  relin-quishing of the historical object to a distant past. So, to let go  of  historicism  is  to  refuse  to  let  go  of  the  historical object.   This   refusal,   however,   remains   obscured   and unacknowledged beneath a fantasy of historicism’s historicity.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;A text is being historicized. As with Freud's famous essay on  the  fantasy  “a  child  is  being  beaten,”  what  matters most is the fantasy that the vague statement covers over.1What is the fantasy that historicism supports? Numerous arguments have been raised against historicism. However,  my  interest  here  lies  less  in  those  arguments  than  in exploring the fantasy that undergirds both historicism as well  as  its  renunciation.  What  might  it  mean  to  give  up historicism? Moreover, what might it mean to abandon a practice, as opposed to abandoning an object? This essay troubles  the  idea  of  letting  go  of  historicism  by  suggest-ing  that  historicism  is  itself  a  kind  of  letting  go,  a  relin-quishing of the historical object to a distant past. So, to let go  of  historicism  is  to  refuse  to  let  go  of  the  historical object.   This   refusal,   however,   remains   obscured   and unacknowledged beneath a fantasy of historicism’s historicity.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <ContentAudience>00</ContentAudience>
          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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          <CopyrightOwner>
            <PersonName>Wade, Erik</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Tis Magick, Magick That Will Have Ravished Me</TitleText>
          </TitleElement>
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          <SequenceNumber>1</SequenceNumber>
          <ContributorRole>A01</ContributorRole>
          <PersonName>Lisa Weston</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Lisa</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Weston</KeyNames>
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            <AffiliationIdentifier>
              <AffiliationIDType>40</AffiliationIDType>
              <IDValue>03enmdz06</IDValue>
            </AffiliationIdentifier>
            <Affiliation>California State University, Fresno</Affiliation>
          </ProfessionalAffiliation>
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          <LanguageCode>eng</LanguageCode>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Medievalists, especially philologists like me—and perhapslike some of you as well—weplay with dead things. With-in  the  late  capitalist,  utilitarian,  increasingly  techno-bur-eaucratic  and  determinedly  non-magical  University, our fondness  for  the  impractical  arts  and  humanities  and such, our philological and historical pursuits may well ap-pear an unseemly(or at least useless) preoccupation with the past, a philia(or paraphilia) for“dead”languages and cultures.Necrophilia, not to put too fine a point onit.But in  the  face  of  such  institutional  abjection,  let  us  not  sur-render  our philiaso  much  as  transform  it—into mantia. Let us (re)claim and reconstruct our engagement with the “dead” as necromancy—from  the  Latin necromantia,  bor-rowed  in  turn  from  post-Classical  Greek νεκρομαντεια (nekromanteía),  from νεκρος(nekrós)  “dead  body”  and μαντεια(manteía) “prophecy or divination”—the discovery of  hidden  knowledge  and especially  the  prediction  or perhaps rathercreation of the future through intercourse (pun intended) with the “dead” past.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Medievalists, especially philologists like me—and perhapslike some of you as well—weplay with dead things. With-in  the  late  capitalist,  utilitarian,  increasingly  techno-bur-eaucratic  and  determinedly  non-magical  University, our fondness  for  the  impractical  arts  and  humanities  and such, our philological and historical pursuits may well ap-pear an unseemly(or at least useless) preoccupation with the past, a philia(or paraphilia) for“dead”languages and cultures.Necrophilia, not to put too fine a point onit.But in  the  face  of  such  institutional  abjection,  let  us  not  sur-render  our philiaso  much  as  transform  it—into mantia. Let us (re)claim and reconstruct our engagement with the “dead” as necromancy—from  the  Latin necromantia,  bor-rowed  in  turn  from  post-Classical  Greek νεκρομαντεια (nekromanteía),  from νεκρος(nekrós)  “dead  body”  and μαντεια(manteía) “prophecy or divination”—the discovery of  hidden  knowledge  and especially  the  prediction  or perhaps rathercreation of the future through intercourse (pun intended) with the “dead” past.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <TextType>20</TextType>
          <ContentAudience>00</ContentAudience>
          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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          <CopyrightOwner>
            <PersonName>Weston, Lisa</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Field Change/ Discipline Change</TitleText>
          </TitleElement>
        </TitleDetail>
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          <SequenceNumber>1</SequenceNumber>
          <ContributorRole>A01</ContributorRole>
          <PersonName>Anne Harris</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Anne</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Harris</KeyNames>
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              <AffiliationIDType>40</AffiliationIDType>
              <IDValue>02mks6v46</IDValue>
            </AffiliationIdentifier>
            <Affiliation>DePauw University</Affiliation>
          </ProfessionalAffiliation>
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          <PersonName>Karen Eileen Overbey</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Karen Eileen</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Overbey</KeyNames>
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              <AffiliationIDType>40</AffiliationIDType>
              <IDValue>05wvpxv85</IDValue>
            </AffiliationIdentifier>
            <Affiliation>Tufts University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The experimental essays gathered here had their origin in performance at the 48th International Congress of Medie-val Studies in Kalamazoo, Michigan (May, 2013). The idea of  this  twelve-way  collaboration  was  dreamed  through  a series  of  emails  exchanged  among  Jonathan  Hsy,  Lowell Duckert, Eileen Joy,  and Jeffrey Cohen. We set as our task imagining   collective   modes   for   contemplating   how   to shape   the   humanities,   as   well   as   the   communities   to which we belong at  many  levels,  to  bring  about  a  future more our  own,  while  wondering  all  the  while  how  that first-person  plural  comes  into  being.  Building  upon  a  se-ries  of  sessions  at  the previous  year’s  Congress  that  had focused  on  the  active  engagement  to  which  humanists must  commit  in  order  not  to  find  themselves  in  merely passive,  reactive,  protest-oriented  positions  within  their home  institutions  as  well  as  at  the  many  other  homes  we inhabit through daily acts of creation, we hoped to extend and  intensify  a  conversation  about  how  to  shape  the hu-manities, and ourselves, in the years ahead. We knew from the start that any such intervention had to be fully collab-orative.  Changing  the  world  is  not  a  solo  project.  But  the working  out  of  how  such  alliance  and  enmeshing  might proceed was left to the participants.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The experimental essays gathered here had their origin in performance at the 48th International Congress of Medie-val Studies in Kalamazoo, Michigan (May, 2013). The idea of  this  twelve-way  collaboration  was  dreamed  through  a series  of  emails  exchanged  among  Jonathan  Hsy,  Lowell Duckert, Eileen Joy,  and Jeffrey Cohen. We set as our task imagining   collective   modes   for   contemplating   how   to shape   the   humanities,   as   well   as   the   communities   to which we belong at  many  levels,  to  bring  about  a  future more our  own,  while  wondering  all  the  while  how  that first-person  plural  comes  into  being.  Building  upon  a  se-ries  of  sessions  at  the previous  year’s  Congress  that  had focused  on  the  active  engagement  to  which  humanists must  commit  in  order  not  to  find  themselves  in  merely passive,  reactive,  protest-oriented  positions  within  their home  institutions  as  well  as  at  the  many  other  homes  we inhabit through daily acts of creation, we hoped to extend and  intensify  a  conversation  about  how  to  shape  the hu-manities, and ourselves, in the years ahead. We knew from the start that any such intervention had to be fully collab-orative.  Changing  the  world  is  not  a  solo  project.  But  the working  out  of  how  such  alliance  and  enmeshing  might proceed was left to the participants.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Harris, Anne</PersonName>
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          <CopyrightOwner>
            <PersonName>Overbey, Karen</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Paradigm Change/ Institute Change</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>L.O. Aranye Fradenburg</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>University of California, Santa Barbara</Affiliation>
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          <PersonName>Eileen A. Joy</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>Southern Illinois University Edwardsville</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;We  are  in  the  midst  of  paradigm  change,  brought on  by initiatives   like   biological   systems   theory,   post-structuralism, James Gibson’s  theory  of  affordances,1 and  neuroplasticity.Top-down  or  prime-mover  models  of  change  have  given way  to  principles  of  creative  interactivity  and  causal  pari-ty,  in  which  concentrations  of  forces  and  systemic ele-ments continue to play significant roles, but only as parts of turbulent, non-totalizable assemblages.  The findings of the genome  project  have  put  genetic  determinism in  doubt. Today’s  genes  do not  write  the  scripts  of  our  lives;  they  are relatively passive elements in a complex field of biochem-ical  interactions. Jesper  Hoffmeyer  summarizes  the  situation this way: “Living cells . . . use DNA to construct the organ-ism,  not  vice  versa.”2 Many  kinds  of  conjunctions  and symbioses  now  appear  to  have  significance  for  bio-his-tory; these are evolutionary events that depend neither on natural  selection  nor  mutation.  The  study  of  multi-cell-ularity  shows  that  individuation and  aggregation  are  both fundamental  to  living  process,  and  are  interdependent  ra-ther  than  mutually  exclusive  processes.  Focus  on  the  ac-tions of cells has restored the importance of the life expe-rience  of  the  organism  and  its  forms  of  relationality  to evolutionary theory; bio-history is now seen to be created by  mutually  constitutive  interactions  between  the  geno-type, the phenotype, and environmental, including social, affordances. The organism is no longer a “dead end,” and evolution turns out to be a history of ecologies rather than of  anthropomorphized  “selfish”  genes  bent  on  self-repli-cation.  Semiosis—communication—is  a  sine  qua  non  of living  process. The  brain’s  capacity  for  estimation  and signal-interpretation  is,  simply,  vital;  only  in  very  specific knowledge-ecologies  does  it  require  probability  theory  and experimental  controls  to  act  on  behalf  of  sentient  experi-ence. Living process—including artful, real-time, improvi-sational  activity—finally  plays  a  significant  role  in  bio-historiography.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;We  are  in  the  midst  of  paradigm  change,  brought on  by initiatives   like   biological   systems   theory,   post-structuralism, James Gibson’s  theory  of  affordances,1 and  neuroplasticity.Top-down  or  prime-mover  models  of  change  have  given way  to  principles  of  creative  interactivity  and  causal  pari-ty,  in  which  concentrations  of  forces  and  systemic ele-ments continue to play significant roles, but only as parts of turbulent, non-totalizable assemblages.  The findings of the genome  project  have  put  genetic  determinism in  doubt. Today’s  genes  do not  write  the  scripts  of  our  lives;  they  are relatively passive elements in a complex field of biochem-ical  interactions. Jesper  Hoffmeyer  summarizes  the  situation this way: “Living cells . . . use DNA to construct the organ-ism,  not  vice  versa.”2 Many  kinds  of  conjunctions  and symbioses  now  appear  to  have  significance  for  bio-his-tory; these are evolutionary events that depend neither on natural  selection  nor  mutation.  The  study  of  multi-cell-ularity  shows  that  individuation and  aggregation  are  both fundamental  to  living  process,  and  are  interdependent  ra-ther  than  mutually  exclusive  processes.  Focus  on  the  ac-tions of cells has restored the importance of the life expe-rience  of  the  organism  and  its  forms  of  relationality  to evolutionary theory; bio-history is now seen to be created by  mutually  constitutive  interactions  between  the  geno-type, the phenotype, and environmental, including social, affordances. The organism is no longer a “dead end,” and evolution turns out to be a history of ecologies rather than of  anthropomorphized  “selfish”  genes  bent  on  self-repli-cation.  Semiosis—communication—is  a  sine  qua  non  of living  process. The  brain’s  capacity  for  estimation  and signal-interpretation  is,  simply,  vital;  only  in  very  specific knowledge-ecologies  does  it  require  probability  theory  and experimental  controls  to  act  on  behalf  of  sentient  experi-ence. Living process—including artful, real-time, improvi-sational  activity—finally  plays  a  significant  role  in  bio-historiography.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Fradenburg, L.O. Aranye</PersonName>
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        <CopyrightStatement>
          <CopyrightOwner>
            <PersonName>Joy, Eileen A.</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Time Change/ Mode Change</TitleText>
          </TitleElement>
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          <ContributorRole>A01</ContributorRole>
          <PersonName>Allan Mitchell</PersonName>
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              <IDValue>04s5mat29</IDValue>
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            <Affiliation>University of Victoria</Affiliation>
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          <PersonName>Will Stockton</PersonName>
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          <KeyNames>Stockton</KeyNames>
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              <AffiliationIDType>40</AffiliationIDType>
              <IDValue>037s24f05</IDValue>
            </AffiliationIdentifier>
            <Affiliation>Clemson University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;AM: “Settle thy studies, Faustus, and begin / To sound the depths of that thou wilt profess.”1 Thinking about what to do  next  we  are  liable  to  be  haunted  by  past  efforts,  per-haps by a diabolical presence such as this German magus, mocking any attempts to enumerate all we've tried and to propose  some  new  and  occult  mode  of  inquiry.  As  if  successive attempts to do more, or better, with less would be sufficiently   original   (“Foucault   farewell!   Where   is   Har-man?”).  Should  we  always  be  in  pursuit  of  The  Next  Big Thing? Perhaps the first thing to consider is the risk that in seeking to gain divinity, we will lack all ambition to invent other futures. “Lines, circles, schemes, letters, and charac-ters!  /  Ay,  these  are  those  that  Faustus  most  desires.  O what a world of profit and delight, / Of power, of honour, of  omnipotence  /  Is  promised  the  studious  artisan!”2 But is that what we really want now?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <ContentAudience>00</ContentAudience>
          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;AM: “Settle thy studies, Faustus, and begin / To sound the depths of that thou wilt profess.”1 Thinking about what to do  next  we  are  liable  to  be  haunted  by  past  efforts,  per-haps by a diabolical presence such as this German magus, mocking any attempts to enumerate all we've tried and to propose  some  new  and  occult  mode  of  inquiry.  As  if  successive attempts to do more, or better, with less would be sufficiently   original   (“Foucault   farewell!   Where   is   Har-man?”).  Should  we  always  be  in  pursuit  of  The  Next  Big Thing? Perhaps the first thing to consider is the risk that in seeking to gain divinity, we will lack all ambition to invent other futures. “Lines, circles, schemes, letters, and charac-ters!  /  Ay,  these  are  those  that  Faustus  most  desires.  O what a world of profit and delight, / Of power, of honour, of  omnipotence  /  Is  promised  the  studious  artisan!”2 But is that what we really want now?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Mitchell, Allan</PersonName>
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            <PersonName>Stockton, Will</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">World Change/ Sea Change</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Lowell Duckert</PersonName>
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              <IDValue>011vxgd24</IDValue>
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            <Affiliation>West Virginia University</Affiliation>
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          <ProfessionalAffiliation>
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              <IDValue>01sbq1a82</IDValue>
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            <Affiliation>University of Delaware</Affiliation>
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          <NameIdentifier>
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          <PersonName>Steve Mentz</PersonName>
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          <KeyNames>Mentz</KeyNames>
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              <IDValue>00bgtad15</IDValue>
            </AffiliationIdentifier>
            <Affiliation>St. John’s University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In  the  future  I  want,  I  am  a  cormorant.  A  screeching  sea-crow,  I  perch  on  a  high  branch  on  the  Tree  of  Life  over-looking  Paradise.  My  eyes  flare  with  greed,  and  with two senses  of  the  word  “want.”  Things appear down  there, spread  out below  me,  things  that  I  lack  (“want”)  and things that I desire (“want”). “Various”  is  the  word  for  what  I  see.  “A  happy  rural seat  of  various  view”  (4.247)  is  the  full  line  in Paradise Lost, but it’s just “various” that I crave.1 These three sylla-bles roll around inside my bird’s mouth. Various. All of the things  that  inhabit  this  Paradise,  laid  out  before  me.  Not just one thing, but another.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In  the  future  I  want,  I  am  a  cormorant.  A  screeching  sea-crow,  I  perch  on  a  high  branch  on  the  Tree  of  Life  over-looking  Paradise.  My  eyes  flare  with  greed,  and  with two senses  of  the  word  “want.”  Things appear down  there, spread  out below  me,  things  that  I  lack  (“want”)  and things that I desire (“want”). “Various”  is  the  word  for  what  I  see.  “A  happy  rural seat  of  various  view”  (4.247)  is  the  full  line  in Paradise Lost, but it’s just “various” that I crave.1 These three sylla-bles roll around inside my bird’s mouth. Various. All of the things  that  inhabit  this  Paradise,  laid  out  before  me.  Not just one thing, but another.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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          <CopyrightOwner>
            <PersonName>Duckert, Lowell</PersonName>
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            <PersonName>Mentz, Steve</PersonName>
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            <TitleElementLevel>01</TitleElementLevel>
            <TitleText language="eng">Voice Change/ Language Change</TitleText>
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          <NameIdentifier>
            <NameIDType>21</NameIDType>
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          <PersonName>Jonathan Hsy</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Jonathan</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Hsy</KeyNames>
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            <AffiliationIdentifier>
              <AffiliationIDType>40</AffiliationIDType>
              <IDValue>00y4zzh67</IDValue>
            </AffiliationIdentifier>
            <Affiliation>George Washington University</Affiliation>
          </ProfessionalAffiliation>
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          <PersonName>Chris Piuma</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Chris</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Piuma</KeyNames>
          <ProfessionalAffiliation>
            <AffiliationIdentifier>
              <AffiliationIDType>40</AffiliationIDType>
              <IDValue>03dbr7087</IDValue>
            </AffiliationIdentifier>
            <Affiliation>University of Toronto</Affiliation>
          </ProfessionalAffiliation>
        </Contributor>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Languages are  slippery,  and  they  don't  like  being  con-tained.We  have  already  broken  the  rules.  That  was  not  one  hun-dred words. That was far, far less than one hundred words. Each  section,  we  agreed,  should  consist  of  one  hundred words. That section could have easily been rewritten to con-sist  of  one  hundred  words.  We  have  already  broken  the rules. But. But now I am reminding you all of the rules. And now,  in  this  section,  we  are  being  mindful  of  the  rules,  the rules  that  we  have  created  and  that  we  are  breaking.  We are being mindful of how we are creating them and how we are breaking them&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Languages are  slippery,  and  they  don't  like  being  con-tained.We  have  already  broken  the  rules.  That  was  not  one  hun-dred words. That was far, far less than one hundred words. Each  section,  we  agreed,  should  consist  of  one  hundred words. That section could have easily been rewritten to con-sist  of  one  hundred  words.  We  have  already  broken  the rules. But. But now I am reminding you all of the rules. And now,  in  this  section,  we  are  being  mindful  of  the  rules,  the rules  that  we  have  created  and  that  we  are  breaking.  We are being mindful of how we are creating them and how we are breaking them&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <ContentAudience>00</ContentAudience>
          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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          <CopyrightOwner>
            <PersonName>Hsy, Jonathan</PersonName>
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          <CopyrightOwner>
            <PersonName>Piuma, Chris</PersonName>
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          <LastPageNumber>201</LastPageNumber>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Mood Change/ Collective Change</TitleText>
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          <ContributorRole>A01</ContributorRole>
          <PersonName>Julian Yates</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Julian</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Yates</KeyNames>
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              <AffiliationIDType>40</AffiliationIDType>
              <IDValue>01sbq1a82</IDValue>
            </AffiliationIdentifier>
            <Affiliation>University of Delaware</Affiliation>
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          <PersonName>Julie Orlemanski</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Julie</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Orlemanski</KeyNames>
          <ProfessionalAffiliation>
            <AffiliationIdentifier>
              <AffiliationIDType>40</AffiliationIDType>
              <IDValue>024mw5h28</IDValue>
            </AffiliationIdentifier>
            <Affiliation>University of Chicago</Affiliation>
          </ProfessionalAffiliation>
        </Contributor>
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          <LanguageCode>eng</LanguageCode>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The year 991 will never be complete. It endures, subject to remaking  and  revision.2  At  the  time,  the  year  must  have been  anticipated,  welcomed,  dreaded.  Seasons  change. Years  turn.  And  by  their  passage  those  who  live  on  stand recruited  as  mnemotechnical  relays  to  their  passing.  The future, the effect of the future is never wanting, never lack-ing.  The  future  happens  all  the  time.  You  and  we,  as  well as  the  life  cycles  or  runtime  of  all  its  variously  animated wetware   (animals,   plants,   fungus,   machines),   all   that “lives on,” constitute the medium by which, in which, the future  presences.3  The  dead  stand  recruited  also,  “dying on” by way of memory, external memory devices (memo-rials,   tombs,   etc.)   and   resuscitated   into   the   fictive   or factish  uses  of  things  deemed  “past”  in  successive  pre-sents.  Liveliness  finds  itself  distributed  across  the  contin-uum,  from  which  notions  of  life  and  death,  past,  present, and  future,  find  themselves  extracted.  The  humanities cohabit with the charnel house of the collective. Our read-ings perform variously secular or sacred resurrections.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The year 991 will never be complete. It endures, subject to remaking  and  revision.2  At  the  time,  the  year  must  have been  anticipated,  welcomed,  dreaded.  Seasons  change. Years  turn.  And  by  their  passage  those  who  live  on  stand recruited  as  mnemotechnical  relays  to  their  passing.  The future, the effect of the future is never wanting, never lack-ing.  The  future  happens  all  the  time.  You  and  we,  as  well as  the  life  cycles  or  runtime  of  all  its  variously  animated wetware   (animals,   plants,   fungus,   machines),   all   that “lives on,” constitute the medium by which, in which, the future  presences.3  The  dead  stand  recruited  also,  “dying on” by way of memory, external memory devices (memo-rials,   tombs,   etc.)   and   resuscitated   into   the   fictive   or factish  uses  of  things  deemed  “past”  in  successive  pre-sents.  Liveliness  finds  itself  distributed  across  the  contin-uum,  from  which  notions  of  life  and  death,  past,  present, and  future,  find  themselves  extracted.  The  humanities cohabit with the charnel house of the collective. Our read-ings perform variously secular or sacred resurrections.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Ever since the turn of the century aesthetics has steadily gained momentum as a central field of study across the disciplines. No longer sidelined, aesthetics has grown in confidence. While this recent development brings with it a return to the work of the canonical authors (most notably Baumgarten and Kant), some contemporary scholars reject the traditional focus on epistemology and theorize aesthetics in its ontological connotations. It is according to this shift that speculative realists have proclaimed aesthetics as “first philosophy” and as speculative in nature. With speculative realism aesthetics no longer necessarily implies human agents. This is in alignment with the general speculative realist framework for thinking all kinds of processes, entities, and objects as free from our all-pervasive anthropocentrism, which states, always, that everything is “for us.”&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This special volume of Speculations explores the ramifications of what could be termed the new speculative aesthetics. In doing so, it stages a three-fold encounter: between aesthetics and speculation, between speculative realism and its (possible) precursors, and between speculative realism and art and literature&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Ever since the turn of the century aesthetics has steadily gained momentum as a central field of study across the disciplines. No longer sidelined, aesthetics has grown in confidence. While this recent development brings with it a return to the work of the canonical authors (most notably Baumgarten and Kant), some contemporary scholars reject the traditional focus on epistemology and theorize aesthetics in its ontological connotations. It is according to this shift that speculative realists have proclaimed aesthetics as “first philosophy” and as speculative in nature. With speculative realism aesthetics no longer necessarily implies human agents. This is in alignment with the general speculative realist framework for thinking all kinds of processes, entities, and objects as free from our all-pervasive anthropocentrism, which states, always, that everything is “for us.”&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This special volume of Speculations explores the ramifications of what could be termed the new speculative aesthetics. In doing so, it stages a three-fold encounter: between aesthetics and speculation, between speculative realism and its (possible) precursors, and between speculative realism and art and literature&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The essays, manifestos, rants, screeds, pleas, soliloquies, telegrams, broadsides, eulogies, songs, harangues, confessions, laments, and acts of poetic terrorism in these two volumes — which collectively form an academic “rave” — were culled, with some later additions, from roundtable sessions at the International Congress on Medieval Studies in 2012 and 2013, organized by postmedieval: a journal for medieval cultural studies and the BABEL Working Group (“Burn After Reading: Miniature Manifestos for a Post/medieval Studies,” “Fuck This: On Letting Go,” and “Fuck Me: On Never Letting Go”) and George Washington University’s Medieval and Early Modern Studies Institute (“The Future We Want: A Collaboration”), respectively. Gathering together a rowdy multiplicity of voices from within medieval and early modern studies, these two volumes seek to extend and intensify a conversation about how to shape premodern studies, and also the humanities, in the years ahead. Authors in both volumes, in various ways, lay claim to the act(s) of manifesting, and also anti-manifesting, as a collective endeavor that works on behalf of the future without laying any belligerent claims upon it, where we might craft new spaces for the University-at-large, which is also a University that wanders, that is never just somewhere, dwelling in the partitive — of a particular place — but rather, seeks to be everywhere, always on the move, pandemic, uncontainable, and always to-come, while also being present/between us (manifest). This is not a book, but a blueprint. It is also an ephemeral gathering in the present tense.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The  manifestos  (and  also  anti-manifestos)  collected  here are  culled  from  sessions  organized  by  the  BABEL  Work-ing Group and postmedieval: a journal of medieval cultural studiesat  the  2012  International  Congress  on  Medieval Studies  (Kalamazoo,  MI),  for  which  sessions  we  asked presenters  to  contemplate and  “manifest” alternative  fu-tures for a post/medieval studies, as well as what it means to “let go” of something (“fuck this”) and/or “never let go” (“fuck me”). The presentations were, alternately and sim-ultaneously,  bracing,  funny,  sad,  provocative,  hopeful, pessimistic, sexy, lyrical, polemical, playful, political, am-orous, subjunctive, sticky, frustrated, materialist, dejected, angry,  surrealist, anti-nostalgic, activist,  critical,  tender, weird, and even alchemical.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The  manifestos  (and  also  anti-manifestos)  collected  here are  culled  from  sessions  organized  by  the  BABEL  Work-ing Group and postmedieval: a journal of medieval cultural studiesat  the  2012  International  Congress  on  Medieval Studies  (Kalamazoo,  MI),  for  which  sessions  we  asked presenters  to  contemplate and  “manifest” alternative  fu-tures for a post/medieval studies, as well as what it means to “let go” of something (“fuck this”) and/or “never let go” (“fuck me”). The presentations were, alternately and sim-ultaneously,  bracing,  funny,  sad,  provocative,  hopeful, pessimistic, sexy, lyrical, polemical, playful, political, am-orous, subjunctive, sticky, frustrated, materialist, dejected, angry,  surrealist, anti-nostalgic, activist,  critical,  tender, weird, and even alchemical.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Joy, Eileen A</PersonName>
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        <TitleDetail>
          <TitleType>01</TitleType>
          <TitleElement>
            <TitleElementLevel>01</TitleElementLevel>
            <TitleText language="eng">Intentionally Good, Really Bad</TitleText>
          </TitleElement>
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          <ContributorRole>A01</ContributorRole>
          <PersonName>Heather Bamford</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Heather</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Bamford</KeyNames>
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              <AffiliationIDType>40</AffiliationIDType>
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            <Affiliation>George Washington University</Affiliation>
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          <LanguageCode>eng</LanguageCode>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The epigraph for this miniature manifesto is a line that a friend  and  I  remembered  as hers.  It  turned  out  that  that attribution  was  only  part  true,  since it  is also something that Derrida said of HélèneCixous when they committed her work to the National Library of France:  The door is barred but please come in.1I  hope medieval  studies  will  conceptualize  intention when  writing  about medieval  manuscript  culture.  I  don’t mean the  intentions  of  medieval  authors,  but intentionsthat could seem just as objectionable: those of the medie-val people who used manuscripts. By manuscript culture, I  refer not  only  to the  reading  and  writing  activities  of multiple  scribes  and  readers,  but also  to  other  uses  of manuscripts,  some  of  which today seem  anti-intellectual for a variety of reasons, including purposeful destructionfor use in binding, the extraction of leaves for sale or dec-orative  use,  and  even the  use  of  manuscript  material  as talismans.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The epigraph for this miniature manifesto is a line that a friend  and  I  remembered  as hers.  It  turned  out  that  that attribution  was  only  part  true,  since it  is also something that Derrida said of HélèneCixous when they committed her work to the National Library of France:  The door is barred but please come in.1I  hope medieval  studies  will  conceptualize  intention when  writing  about medieval  manuscript  culture.  I  don’t mean the  intentions  of  medieval  authors,  but intentionsthat could seem just as objectionable: those of the medie-val people who used manuscripts. By manuscript culture, I  refer not  only  to the  reading  and  writing  activities  of multiple  scribes  and  readers,  but also  to  other  uses  of manuscripts,  some  of  which today seem  anti-intellectual for a variety of reasons, including purposeful destructionfor use in binding, the extraction of leaves for sale or dec-orative  use,  and  even the  use  of  manuscript  material  as talismans.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Bamford, Heather</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">21st-Century Medieval Studies</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Seeing a Forest as Well as Trees</Subtitle>
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          <ContributorRole>A01</ContributorRole>
          <PersonName>Frank Battaglia</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Frank</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Battaglia</KeyNames>
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              <IDValue>02p179j44</IDValue>
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            <Affiliation>College of Staten Island</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Our  subject,  medieval  studies,  was  named  for  a  “middle age.”  It  came  between  Antiquity,  specifically  the  Roman Empire,  and  the  nation  states  that  succeeded  it,  particu-larly in Europe.An   extensive   regime   was   displaced   as competing structures  of  power—operating  from  various  centers  but often  more  elaborate  in  their  controls—struggled  into existence.We live in a time when the so-called global economic system, enacted  by  free-range  and  state-run  capitalisms, is  extending  its  reach  over  the  entire  planet,  dislocating national networks. International trade agreements dimin-ish the ability of even the U.S. or E.U., let alone less pow-erful  entities,  to  enforce  environmental  or  labor  laws. Nation  states  are  giving  way  to  a  larger  system,  difficult to describe, as the interests of the World Economic Forum impel events more effectively than those of the U.N. Gen-eral  Assembly.1Meanwhile,  from  Ecuadorean  tribes  of the upper Amazon to the adivasi of forest India, virtually no  area  escapes  exploitation,  nor does  any independent social entity avoid integration and/or obliteration.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Our  subject,  medieval  studies,  was  named  for  a  “middle age.”  It  came  between  Antiquity,  specifically  the  Roman Empire,  and  the  nation  states  that  succeeded  it,  particu-larly in Europe.An   extensive   regime   was   displaced   as competing structures  of  power—operating  from  various  centers  but often  more  elaborate  in  their  controls—struggled  into existence.We live in a time when the so-called global economic system, enacted  by  free-range  and  state-run  capitalisms, is  extending  its  reach  over  the  entire  planet,  dislocating national networks. International trade agreements dimin-ish the ability of even the U.S. or E.U., let alone less pow-erful  entities,  to  enforce  environmental  or  labor  laws. Nation  states  are  giving  way  to  a  larger  system,  difficult to describe, as the interests of the World Economic Forum impel events more effectively than those of the U.N. Gen-eral  Assembly.1Meanwhile,  from  Ecuadorean  tribes  of the upper Amazon to the adivasi of forest India, virtually no  area  escapes  exploitation,  nor does  any independent social entity avoid integration and/or obliteration.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Battaglia, Frank</PersonName>
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          <TitleType>01</TitleType>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Net Worth</TitleText>
          </TitleElement>
        </TitleDetail>
        <Contributor>
          <SequenceNumber>1</SequenceNumber>
          <ContributorRole>A01</ContributorRole>
          <PersonName>Bettina Bildhauer</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Bettina</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Bildhauer</KeyNames>
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            <AffiliationIdentifier>
              <AffiliationIDType>40</AffiliationIDType>
              <IDValue>02wn5qz54</IDValue>
            </AffiliationIdentifier>
            <Affiliation>University of St Andrews</Affiliation>
          </ProfessionalAffiliation>
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          <LanguageCode>eng</LanguageCode>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;One  might  argue  that  we  hardly  need  another  plea  for more materiality  in  medieval  studies:it's  a  buzz  topic at medievalist  conferences;  the  first  issue  of postmedievalwas devoted to it; and prominent members of the BABEL Working  Group  have  been  thinking  with  Bruno  Latour, Jane Bennett, Bill Brown,and Graham Harman for years. And  yet,  the  idea  that  agency  is  always  an  interaction, a network  in  which  any  element—not  just  what  we  tradi-tionally  call  human  subjects,  but  also  non-human  ob-jects—can  be  alive,  active  and cognizantstill  sounds  mad to the medievalist mainstream and to most of the general public.The  subject-object  distinction  is  one  of  our  most basic patterns of thought and not easily displaced by aca-demic fashion. So I will sound hopelessly belated and to-tally  obvious  to  some,  and  crazily  airy-fairy  and  non-sensical to others, when I now point out five things that I, as  a  literary  and  cultural  historian,have  learned  so  far fromstudying materiality.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <TextContent>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;One  might  argue  that  we  hardly  need  another  plea  for more materiality  in  medieval  studies:it's  a  buzz  topic at medievalist  conferences;  the  first  issue  of postmedievalwas devoted to it; and prominent members of the BABEL Working  Group  have  been  thinking  with  Bruno  Latour, Jane Bennett, Bill Brown,and Graham Harman for years. And  yet,  the  idea  that  agency  is  always  an  interaction, a network  in  which  any  element—not  just  what  we  tradi-tionally  call  human  subjects,  but  also  non-human  ob-jects—can  be  alive,  active  and cognizantstill  sounds  mad to the medievalist mainstream and to most of the general public.The  subject-object  distinction  is  one  of  our  most basic patterns of thought and not easily displaced by aca-demic fashion. So I will sound hopelessly belated and to-tally  obvious  to  some,  and  crazily  airy-fairy  and  non-sensical to others, when I now point out five things that I, as  a  literary  and  cultural  historian,have  learned  so  far fromstudying materiality.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Bildhauer, Bettina</PersonName>
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        <TitleDetail>
          <TitleType>01</TitleType>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Our Feminism/ Our Activism</TitleText>
          </TitleElement>
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          <SequenceNumber>1</SequenceNumber>
          <ContributorRole>A01</ContributorRole>
          <PersonName>Martha Easton</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Martha</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Easton</KeyNames>
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              <AffiliationIDType>40</AffiliationIDType>
              <IDValue>05q87sg56</IDValue>
            </AffiliationIdentifier>
            <Affiliation>Saint Joseph's University</Affiliation>
          </ProfessionalAffiliation>
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          <SequenceNumber>2</SequenceNumber>
          <ContributorRole>A01</ContributorRole>
          <PersonName>Maggie Williams</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Maggie</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Williams</KeyNames>
          <ProfessionalAffiliation>
            <AffiliationIdentifier>
              <AffiliationIDType>40</AffiliationIDType>
              <IDValue>00k3ayt93</IDValue>
            </AffiliationIdentifier>
            <Affiliation>William Paterson University</Affiliation>
          </ProfessionalAffiliation>
        </Contributor>
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          <LanguageCode>eng</LanguageCode>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Martha  and  I  are  mothers.  We  are  feminists.  We  are  art historians.  We  are  activists.  We  have  each  struggled  to keep those identities carefully compartmentalized to ach-ieve  some  abstract  notion  of  success.  Both  of  us  were drawn to BABEL’s“Fuck This: On Finally Letting Go” and “Fuck  Me:  On  Never  Letting  Go”sessions  out  of  a  sense of  frustration:  dissatisfaction  with  the  tactics  of  purport-edly activist groups, disillusionment with the hypocrisies of academic life, and disappointment in our own and oth-ers’  willingness  to  rock  the  boat.  Today,  we  are  finally letting  go  of  preserving  our  secret  identities.  Together, we  will  unmask  our  true  selves,  telling  our  stories  and sharing  our  hopes  for  real  change.  Rather  than  coping silently, we want to call for real progressive action among medievalists.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Martha  and  I  are  mothers.  We  are  feminists.  We  are  art historians.  We  are  activists.  We  have  each  struggled  to keep those identities carefully compartmentalized to ach-ieve  some  abstract  notion  of  success.  Both  of  us  were drawn to BABEL’s“Fuck This: On Finally Letting Go” and “Fuck  Me:  On  Never  Letting  Go”sessions  out  of  a  sense of  frustration:  dissatisfaction  with  the  tactics  of  purport-edly activist groups, disillusionment with the hypocrisies of academic life, and disappointment in our own and oth-ers’  willingness  to  rock  the  boat.  Today,  we  are  finally letting  go  of  preserving  our  secret  identities.  Together, we  will  unmask  our  true  selves,  telling  our  stories  and sharing  our  hopes  for  real  change.  Rather  than  coping silently, we want to call for real progressive action among medievalists.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Easton, Martha</PersonName>
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        <CopyrightStatement>
          <CopyrightOwner>
            <PersonName>Williams, Maggie</PersonName>
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        <NumberOfPages>5</NumberOfPages>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Be Critical!</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Ruth Evans</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Ruth</NamesBeforeKey>
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              <AffiliationIDType>40</AffiliationIDType>
              <IDValue>04k7nem08</IDValue>
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            <Affiliation>Saint Louis University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;I hate manifestos. They are so yesterday.Blast the manifesto! Its revolutionary  impulse  is,  as  James  Simpson  observesabout a wholly different phenomenon and time period, to do withthe  desire  for  a  clean  break  between thenand now, a break in which the past is itself created “by being made very dark,  wholly  repellent,  and  sharply  different  from  the  bril-liant new present.”1I don’t believe in the revolutionary breakor the brilliant new present, although I’m with John Ball, that things have to change: “God doe bote, for now is time.” The manifesto is always timely.Sobless the manifesto! Whatever. I also hate the credo. I believe in things, but not in that abso-lute way.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <ContentAudience>00</ContentAudience>
          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;I hate manifestos. They are so yesterday.Blast the manifesto! Its revolutionary  impulse  is,  as  James  Simpson  observesabout a wholly different phenomenon and time period, to do withthe  desire  for  a  clean  break  between thenand now, a break in which the past is itself created “by being made very dark,  wholly  repellent,  and  sharply  different  from  the  bril-liant new present.”1I don’t believe in the revolutionary breakor the brilliant new present, although I’m with John Ball, that things have to change: “God doe bote, for now is time.” The manifesto is always timely.Sobless the manifesto! Whatever. I also hate the credo. I believe in things, but not in that abso-lute way.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Evans, Ruth</PersonName>
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            <IDValue>10.21983/P3.0067.1.08</IDValue>
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          <FirstPageNumber>25</FirstPageNumber>
          <LastPageNumber>27</LastPageNumber>
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        <NumberOfPages>3</NumberOfPages>
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            <TitleText language="eng">This Is Your Brain on Medieval Studies</TitleText>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The  time  has  come  to  vigorously  fight  back  against  the devaluation  of  the  humanities  by  policy  makers  and  by college administrations thatseek to close programs due to so-called financial exigencies, and I believe that Medieval Studies has an important role to play in this battle.Part of me thinks that, out of mere principle, we should refuse to kowtow to these threats and to hold our linethat the hu-manities  are  inherently  valuable  in  and  of  themselves; after all, they have served as the foundation for a univer-sity education for centuries.In the end, though, my more pragmatic side wins out.The push for accountability will not  slacken,  but  will  steadily  increase,  as  we  move  into the future.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The  time  has  come  to  vigorously  fight  back  against  the devaluation  of  the  humanities  by  policy  makers  and  by college administrations thatseek to close programs due to so-called financial exigencies, and I believe that Medieval Studies has an important role to play in this battle.Part of me thinks that, out of mere principle, we should refuse to kowtow to these threats and to hold our linethat the hu-manities  are  inherently  valuable  in  and  of  themselves; after all, they have served as the foundation for a univer-sity education for centuries.In the end, though, my more pragmatic side wins out.The push for accountability will not  slacken,  but  will  steadily  increase,  as  we  move  into the future.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Sticking Together</TitleText>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;If I’m going into the future, I want the things I’ve readto come  along.  Notthat  I  have much  choice;  they’ll  stick with  me,anyway.  Many  of  themhave  doubtless stuck with you, too. They may have stuck us together, you and I.  And  they’re  alwaysnudging us  for  further  introduc-tions—to   students,   colleagues,   friends,   readers, lovers, anyone, really, who will invite them to parties and work-shops  and  conversationsof  all  kinds. We  shouldn’t be-grudge  this promiscuous behavior,  since time  spent  with others  does  not  require  that  they  spendless with  us. That’s  one  of  their  special  charms,  this  temporal  non-economy, this unhinging of time from trade.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;If I’m going into the future, I want the things I’ve readto come  along.  Notthat  I  have much  choice;  they’ll  stick with  me,anyway.  Many  of  themhave  doubtless stuck with you, too. They may have stuck us together, you and I.  And  they’re  alwaysnudging us  for  further  introduc-tions—to   students,   colleagues,   friends,   readers, lovers, anyone, really, who will invite them to parties and work-shops  and  conversationsof  all  kinds. We  shouldn’t be-grudge  this promiscuous behavior,  since time  spent  with others  does  not  require  that  they  spendless with  us. That’s  one  of  their  special  charms,  this  temporal  non-economy, this unhinging of time from trade.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Waging Guerrilla Warfare against the 19th Century</TitleText>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The idea of writing a “manifesto” for this panel was par-ticularly appealing to me for two reasons. First, I like be-ing  around  people  who  work  heavily  in  theory.  Their perspectives  and  ideas  continually  challenge  my  own, even  if,  since  I’m  but  a  simple  historian  by  training,  I don’t  always  understand  what  they’re  talking  about.  I implore my fellow panelists to therefore use small wordsso that I can follow along ...&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The idea of writing a “manifesto” for this panel was par-ticularly appealing to me for two reasons. First, I like be-ing  around  people  who  work  heavily  in  theory.  Their perspectives  and  ideas  continually  challenge  my  own, even  if,  since  I’m  but  a  simple  historian  by  training,  I don’t  always  understand  what  they’re  talking  about.  I implore my fellow panelists to therefore use small wordsso that I can follow along ...&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Medieval Studies in the Subjunctive Mood</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Gaelan Gilbert</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>University of Victoria</Affiliation>
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            <Affiliation>Hellenic College Holy Cross Greek Orthodox School of Theology</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Let’s just run with it. The potentially instructive, because utterly  naïve,  thought  experiment  of  entertaining  for  a moment   that we   have   never   been   modern.   Forget modernism—what if modernitynever happened?Not that we know what “modern” even means, except as an empty qualifier perched with pomp at the crest of history. Then again,  that’s  precisely  the  point.  Modernity,  like  Walter Benjamin’s angel of history looking over its shoulder, has always been running from what it no longer wants to be, shouting “not  that!  not  that!”  And  yet—and  it’s  a  big  yet —if  we  are  becoming increasingly  convinced  by  Bruno Latour,  then  not  only  were  we  never  not  medieval,  but medieval  no  longer  has  to  mean  “premodern.” If Benja-min’s  angel  of modern history  can’t  stop  looking  back-ward and defining itself in opposition to what it sees as a sort of negative immanence (what, in the past, it fears and loathes),  then  perhaps  “to  be  medieval,”  as  Andrew  Cole and D. Vance Smith have put it, “is to posit a future in the very act of self-recognition, to offer a memory or memo-rial to a future that will be recognized at a time and place not yet known.”1 A future, that is, which positively trans-cends presence.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Let’s just run with it. The potentially instructive, because utterly  naïve,  thought  experiment  of  entertaining  for  a moment   that we   have   never   been   modern.   Forget modernism—what if modernitynever happened?Not that we know what “modern” even means, except as an empty qualifier perched with pomp at the crest of history. Then again,  that’s  precisely  the  point.  Modernity,  like  Walter Benjamin’s angel of history looking over its shoulder, has always been running from what it no longer wants to be, shouting “not  that!  not  that!”  And  yet—and  it’s  a  big  yet —if  we  are  becoming increasingly  convinced  by  Bruno Latour,  then  not  only  were  we  never  not  medieval,  but medieval  no  longer  has  to  mean  “premodern.” If Benja-min’s  angel  of modern history  can’t  stop  looking  back-ward and defining itself in opposition to what it sees as a sort of negative immanence (what, in the past, it fears and loathes),  then  perhaps  “to  be  medieval,”  as  Andrew  Cole and D. Vance Smith have put it, “is to posit a future in the very act of self-recognition, to offer a memory or memo-rial to a future that will be recognized at a time and place not yet known.”1 A future, that is, which positively trans-cends presence.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <PersonName>Gilbert, Gaelan</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Radical Ridicule</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Noah D. Guynn</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>University of California, Davis</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;We’ve  been  hearing  a  lot lately about  the  “descriptive turn”  in  literary  studies,  which  is as  much  a  turn  away from critical hermeneutics  and symptomatic reading as a turn toward observation and description. This isn’t a neu-tral  development  or  a  mere  change  in  direction. On  the contrary, it entails a broad-based repudiation of Marxism, psychoanalysis, and  post-structuralism  as  methodologies that  are  unconsciously  enmeshed  in  the  very  humanist ideologies  they purport  to  demystify.  It  also frequently trips over its own feet, formulating critiques of critique in order supposedly to move beyond it.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;We’ve  been  hearing  a  lot lately about  the  “descriptive turn”  in  literary  studies,  which  is as  much  a  turn  away from critical hermeneutics  and symptomatic reading as a turn toward observation and description. This isn’t a neu-tral  development  or  a  mere  change  in  direction. On  the contrary, it entails a broad-based repudiation of Marxism, psychoanalysis, and  post-structuralism  as  methodologies that  are  unconsciously  enmeshed  in  the  very  humanist ideologies  they purport  to  demystify.  It  also frequently trips over its own feet, formulating critiques of critique in order supposedly to move beyond it.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <PersonName>Guynn, Noah D.</PersonName>
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            <Subtitle language="eng">The Late Stages of a Late Medieval PhD and Current Academic Realities</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>David Hadbawnik</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>University at Buffalo, State University of New York</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Facebook friend Jeffrey Jerome Cohen posts the following remark on September 13, 2011:The JIL [Job Information List of the Modern Lan-guage  Association] is  out  today,  and  it looks  to be  another  grim  year  for  jobs  in  medieval  and early modern studies. Best wishes for all who are on the market.This  draws  a  number  of comments from  chagrined job-seekers and faculty in short-handed departments.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Facebook friend Jeffrey Jerome Cohen posts the following remark on September 13, 2011:The JIL [Job Information List of the Modern Lan-guage  Association] is  out  today,  and  it looks  to be  another  grim  year  for  jobs  in  medieval  and early modern studies. Best wishes for all who are on the market.This  draws  a  number  of comments from  chagrined job-seekers and faculty in short-handed departments.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">History and Commitment</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Guy Halsall</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>University of York</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;No one will pretend it is possible to tell history as it really was. But no one has seized the implication of that. Its empirical ghost remains, although simple factual accu-racy sets the bar pretty low for a historical project. Is  the  cry  ‘Rankean  History  is  dead:  long  live  Rankean History’? Or  is  it  time  to  explore  again  the  pre-Rankean  idea  of history as philosophy teaching by example?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;No one will pretend it is possible to tell history as it really was. But no one has seized the implication of that. Its empirical ghost remains, although simple factual accu-racy sets the bar pretty low for a historical project. Is  the  cry  ‘Rankean  History  is  dead:  long  live  Rankean History’? Or  is  it  time  to  explore  again  the  pre-Rankean  idea  of history as philosophy teaching by example?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">On Never Letting Go</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Cary Howie</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;There are a lot of things to be said for letting go. Our at-tachments can limit us in bad ways as well as good ones; more  than  once,  when  saying  goodbye  to  a  particular place  or  person  whose  future  just  cannot  be  mine  any longer,  I  have  thought  of  Alison  Krauss  affirming, with her usual  bittersweetness,  “And  I’m  no  longer  bound  /  I can  let  go  now.”1  It  is  often  difficult  to  cop  to  the  things that  bind  us;  difficult  to  assess  what  kind  of  binding makes us live more intensely and what kind of binding, in contrast,  merely  constrains  us,  keeps  us  from  that  fuller life. Letting go makes room for something, and the whole point  is  that  it’s  a  gamble:  you  don’t  know  what  you’re making  room  for.  That  determinacy  is,  among  other things,  what  you’re  giving  up.  Similarly,  in  a  different idiom, the classic definition of melancholia is built around a refusal to let go: a refusal to acknowledge what is gone as  gone.  But  in  the  background  of  every  question  about letting  go,  another  question  lurks:  how  do  we  know  that something  is  gone?  And  how,  by  the  same  token,  do  we come to terms with the very real presences that continue to  surround  and  define  us?  That  is  to  say,  if  melancholia misses its mark because it will not surrender what it aims at,  even  when  what  it  aims  at  is  gone,  there  is  a  kind  of complementary  malaise  that  is  too  cavalier  about  its terms  of  surrender,  that  wants  to  aim  at  nothing  at  all, that  wants  to  give  it  all  up,  even  those  things  without which  life  is,  strictly  speaking,  unimaginable.  In  these pages I’d like to ask this question, among others: is there a  way  to  honor  the  risk,  the  gamble,  implicit  in  our  ges-tures  of  relinquishment  while  also  affirming  the  ties  that continue to bind us—for the best—to the world? Or, to put it  slightly  differently,  can  we  let  go  of  certain  things—certain  professional  outcomes,  erotic  futures,  grudges, habits—while holding on to others, without this diminish-ing our relinquishment?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;There are a lot of things to be said for letting go. Our at-tachments can limit us in bad ways as well as good ones; more  than  once,  when  saying  goodbye  to  a  particular place  or  person  whose  future  just  cannot  be  mine  any longer,  I  have  thought  of  Alison  Krauss  affirming, with her usual  bittersweetness,  “And  I’m  no  longer  bound  /  I can  let  go  now.”1  It  is  often  difficult  to  cop  to  the  things that  bind  us;  difficult  to  assess  what  kind  of  binding makes us live more intensely and what kind of binding, in contrast,  merely  constrains  us,  keeps  us  from  that  fuller life. Letting go makes room for something, and the whole point  is  that  it’s  a  gamble:  you  don’t  know  what  you’re making  room  for.  That  determinacy  is,  among  other things,  what  you’re  giving  up.  Similarly,  in  a  different idiom, the classic definition of melancholia is built around a refusal to let go: a refusal to acknowledge what is gone as  gone.  But  in  the  background  of  every  question  about letting  go,  another  question  lurks:  how  do  we  know  that something  is  gone?  And  how,  by  the  same  token,  do  we come to terms with the very real presences that continue to  surround  and  define  us?  That  is  to  say,  if  melancholia misses its mark because it will not surrender what it aims at,  even  when  what  it  aims  at  is  gone,  there  is  a  kind  of complementary  malaise  that  is  too  cavalier  about  its terms  of  surrender,  that  wants  to  aim  at  nothing  at  all, that  wants  to  give  it  all  up,  even  those  things  without which  life  is,  strictly  speaking,  unimaginable.  In  these pages I’d like to ask this question, among others: is there a  way  to  honor  the  risk,  the  gamble,  implicit  in  our  ges-tures  of  relinquishment  while  also  affirming  the  ties  that continue to bind us—for the best—to the world? Or, to put it  slightly  differently,  can  we  let  go  of  certain  things—certain  professional  outcomes,  erotic  futures,  grudges, habits—while holding on to others, without this diminish-ing our relinquishment?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">The Gothic Fly</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Shayne Aaron Legassie</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Gore  Verbinski’s  2002  filmThe  Ringis  a  remake  of  the popular  Japanese  horror  movieRingu (1998),  directed  by Hideo  Nakata.  Both  films  tell  the  story  of  a  cursed  vide-otape  whose  viewers  die  gruesome  deaths  seven  days after  they  watch  it.  At  the  level  of  both  plot  and  visual style,  Verbinski’s  departures  from Ringuare  deeply  in-debted  to  the  conventions  of  the  gothic  novel,  especially as  they  were  mediated  by  European  and  American  cine-ma.  This  gothic  aesthetic “translates” Ringu into  a  more familiar Hollywood idiom for the benefit of North Ameri-can viewers. Many of The Ring’s gothic innovations have long pedigrees, some of which stretch back to premodern painting and thought.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Gore  Verbinski’s  2002  filmThe  Ringis  a  remake  of  the popular  Japanese  horror  movieRingu (1998),  directed  by Hideo  Nakata.  Both  films  tell  the  story  of  a  cursed  vide-otape  whose  viewers  die  gruesome  deaths  seven  days after  they  watch  it.  At  the  level  of  both  plot  and  visual style,  Verbinski’s  departures  from Ringuare  deeply  in-debted  to  the  conventions  of  the  gothic  novel,  especially as  they  were  mediated  by  European  and  American  cine-ma.  This  gothic  aesthetic “translates” Ringu into  a  more familiar Hollywood idiom for the benefit of North Ameri-can viewers. Many of The Ring’s gothic innovations have long pedigrees, some of which stretch back to premodern painting and thought.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Fuck Postcolonialism</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Erin Maglaque</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Since the late 1990s, a group of medieval literary scholars and  historians  have drawn  upon  postcolonial  theory,  a discipline  which  itself  emerged,  in  its  most  coherent  and resilient  form,  from  the  Subaltern  Studies  group  fifteen years  before.1  Medievalists’ work with postcolonial theo-ry can be roughly divided into two kinds of engagement: first  is  the  group  of  scholars  interested  in  applying  post-colonial  theories  to  their  medieval  sources,  and  who  are, in  the  tradition  of  Said’s Orientalism,  interested  in  the representative  work  of  the  racial  or  ethnic  other  in  the medieval  text.  A  second  and  perhaps  more  disparate group is interested in the disciplinary and political impli-cations  of medievalism  and  postcolonialism,  their  inter-twined  intellectual  histories,  and  especially  the  ways  in which  studying  the  interrelation  between  postcolonial and  medieval  historiographies  can  lead  to  a  reconsidera-tion of periodization and temporalities.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Since the late 1990s, a group of medieval literary scholars and  historians  have drawn  upon  postcolonial  theory,  a discipline  which  itself  emerged,  in  its  most  coherent  and resilient  form,  from  the  Subaltern  Studies  group  fifteen years  before.1  Medievalists’ work with postcolonial theo-ry can be roughly divided into two kinds of engagement: first  is  the  group  of  scholars  interested  in  applying  post-colonial  theories  to  their  medieval  sources,  and  who  are, in  the  tradition  of  Said’s Orientalism,  interested  in  the representative  work  of  the  racial  or  ethnic  other  in  the medieval  text.  A  second  and  perhaps  more  disparate group is interested in the disciplinary and political impli-cations  of medievalism  and  postcolonialism,  their  inter-twined  intellectual  histories,  and  especially  the  ways  in which  studying  the  interrelation  between  postcolonial and  medieval  historiographies  can  lead  to  a  reconsidera-tion of periodization and temporalities.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">We Are the Material Collective</TitleText>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;We  are  the  Material  Collective,  a  group  of  medievalists interrogating visual materials. We seek to:cooperateencouragesharepromote transparencytouchdesiredestabilizeamuse blunder. As  a  collaborative  of  students  of  visual  culture,  Material Collective seeks to foster a safe space for alternative ways of thinking about objects. We  strive  for  transparency  in  our  practice,  and  we  en-courage the same in our institutional surroundings.Our  project  touches upon  both  form  and  content,  as  we pursue  a  lyrical  and  experimental  style  of  writing  along with  a  more  humane,  collaborative,  and  supportive  pro-cess of scholarship&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;We  are  the  Material  Collective,  a  group  of  medievalists interrogating visual materials. We seek to:cooperateencouragesharepromote transparencytouchdesiredestabilizeamuse blunder. As  a  collaborative  of  students  of  visual  culture,  Material Collective seeks to foster a safe space for alternative ways of thinking about objects. We  strive  for  transparency  in  our  practice,  and  we  en-courage the same in our institutional surroundings.Our  project  touches upon  both  form  and  content,  as  we pursue  a  lyrical  and  experimental  style  of  writing  along with  a  more  humane,  collaborative,  and  supportive  pro-cess of scholarship&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <PersonName>Thomas Mical</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This is a question concerning architecture. An immersion into  the imaginary worlds,  specifically  the  fusion  of  an imaginary  world  into  the  everyday  real,  was  the  great project  of surrealism.  The  surrealist  avant-garde  sought to open up a supra-sensory milieu of impossible relations, including   monstrous   bodies,   irrational   hybrids, genre mutations, forbidden landscapes   and gardens,   and   a whole  range  of  partial  co-located  figures  and  gestures, half  real  and  half  other. Surrealism  was  the  promise  of  a world of alterity and delight, capable of emerging or eru-pting  at  the  slightest  provocation,  in  the  subtlest  periph-eral  glimpse  of  a  disfiguration,  and  in  the  recall  of  the sense  and  feel  of  a  new  space (déjà  vu, already  sensed). Surrealism  is  the  obverse  of  modern  rationalism,  both intersecting  but  incomplete  projects.  It  is  from  this  call that unrecognized  medieval alterity  can  diversify  medie-val  architectural  history  beyond  the  monumental  history of differentiated cathedrals (and walled cities).&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This is a question concerning architecture. An immersion into  the imaginary worlds,  specifically  the  fusion  of  an imaginary  world  into  the  everyday  real,  was  the  great project  of surrealism.  The  surrealist  avant-garde  sought to open up a supra-sensory milieu of impossible relations, including   monstrous   bodies,   irrational   hybrids, genre mutations, forbidden landscapes   and gardens,   and   a whole  range  of  partial  co-located  figures  and  gestures, half  real  and  half  other. Surrealism  was  the  promise  of  a world of alterity and delight, capable of emerging or eru-pting  at  the  slightest  provocation,  in  the  subtlest  periph-eral  glimpse  of  a  disfiguration,  and  in  the  recall  of  the sense  and  feel  of  a  new  space (déjà  vu, already  sensed). Surrealism  is  the  obverse  of  modern  rationalism,  both intersecting  but  incomplete  projects.  It  is  from  this  call that unrecognized  medieval alterity  can  diversify  medie-val  architectural  history  beyond  the  monumental  history of differentiated cathedrals (and walled cities).&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">De catervis ceteris</TitleText>
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            <Affiliation>University of Toronto</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Look,  I’m  fine,  and  you’re  probably  fine,  and  this  is  all lovely  and  fine,  and  I  don’t  really  have  any  complaints, and  I  don’t  want  to  stand  here  honking  and  screaming and telling you that you have to do this and you can’t do that,  because  really  I’m  fine,  and  you’re  fine,  and  this  is all lovely and fine, and I have my ways of doing my thing, and  you  all  have  your  ways  of  doing  your  thing,  and we have  developed  and  will  continue  to  develop  ways  of communicating  and  connecting  and  intersecting  and  in-tercalating and networking and perverting and permuting and   exchanging   and   pollinating   and   multiplying   and shuffling  and  alphabetizing  and  taxonimizing  and  trans-lating  and  transposing  and  creatively  mishearing  and misreading  and  assembling  and  reassembling  and  pleasuring  and  tantalizing  and  polishing  and  abrading  and interrogating  and  sculpting  and  remodeling  and  renovat-ing and flipping and overturning and revolutionizing and transcending  and  eventually  nostalgically  or  elegiacally recalling  and  reciting  and  reenacting  and  recreating  and repositioning and reconsidering and reattaching our vari-ous things like so many Lego bricks or Tinkertoys or sex-ual organs, and this is fine, and I’m fine, and you’re F-I-N-E fine, and this is all lovely and fine, but, and this is a small but, there’s a little thing I’m worried about, or maybe not worried  about  but  maybe  bored  by,  or  maybe  not  bored by but frustrated with, or maybe I’m frustrated and bored and  a  little  worried,  even  though  I’m  fine,  and  this  isn’t meant  to  detract  from  your  own  fineness,  or  how  lovely and fine all this is, because it really is lovely and fine and you  really  are  fine,  but:  Could  you  stop  talking  about England? Could you stop talking about English literature quite  all  the  time?  Or  English  history?  Or  English art  or whatever?   Although   really,   English   literature.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Look,  I’m  fine,  and  you’re  probably  fine,  and  this  is  all lovely  and  fine,  and  I  don’t  really  have  any  complaints, and  I  don’t  want  to  stand  here  honking  and  screaming and telling you that you have to do this and you can’t do that,  because  really  I’m  fine,  and  you’re  fine,  and  this  is all lovely and fine, and I have my ways of doing my thing, and  you  all  have  your  ways  of  doing  your  thing,  and we have  developed  and  will  continue  to  develop  ways  of communicating  and  connecting  and  intersecting  and  in-tercalating and networking and perverting and permuting and   exchanging   and   pollinating   and   multiplying   and shuffling  and  alphabetizing  and  taxonimizing  and  trans-lating  and  transposing  and  creatively  mishearing  and misreading  and  assembling  and  reassembling  and  pleasuring  and  tantalizing  and  polishing  and  abrading  and interrogating  and  sculpting  and  remodeling  and  renovat-ing and flipping and overturning and revolutionizing and transcending  and  eventually  nostalgically  or  elegiacally recalling  and  reciting  and  reenacting  and  recreating  and repositioning and reconsidering and reattaching our vari-ous things like so many Lego bricks or Tinkertoys or sex-ual organs, and this is fine, and I’m fine, and you’re F-I-N-E fine, and this is all lovely and fine, but, and this is a small but, there’s a little thing I’m worried about, or maybe not worried  about  but  maybe  bored  by,  or  maybe  not  bored by but frustrated with, or maybe I’m frustrated and bored and  a  little  worried,  even  though  I’m  fine,  and  this  isn’t meant  to  detract  from  your  own  fineness,  or  how  lovely and fine all this is, because it really is lovely and fine and you  really  are  fine,  but:  Could  you  stop  talking  about England? Could you stop talking about English literature quite  all  the  time?  Or  English  history?  Or  English art  or whatever?   Although   really,   English   literature.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <PersonName>Piuma, Chris</PersonName>
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        <TitleDetail>
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            <TitleText language="eng">2nd Program of the Ornamentalists</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Daniel C. Remein</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Daniel C.</NamesBeforeKey>
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            <Affiliation>New York University</Affiliation>
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          <ProfessionalAffiliation>
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              <AffiliationIDType>40</AffiliationIDType>
              <IDValue>04ydmy275</IDValue>
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            <Affiliation>University of Massachusetts Boston</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;We,  the  Ornamentalists,  anarcho-eco-pacificist  amateurs, advocate an   aesthetics   of   historical   cosmicity   as   the ground of  an  ethics  of medieval  studies,  an  avant-garde poetics, and a revolutionary politics of elaborating a var-ied cosmos as Public Park. In the face of the current plan-etary ecological disaster and its goads—the State and Cap-italism—a  radical  reorientation of  our  interface  with  the Cosmos  is  necessary. For  medieval  studies  to  begin to adequately respond, it must move aside from the impulse to thematizethe cultural and the ecological or to describe their mutual transversal as thematized by medieval litera-ture.  Instead, we  mustMAKE  (as  inPOETICS).  We  mustelaborate non- and de-instrumentalized ethics and proce-dures that allow interface with the non-Human Cosmos.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;We,  the  Ornamentalists,  anarcho-eco-pacificist  amateurs, advocate an   aesthetics   of   historical   cosmicity   as   the ground of  an  ethics  of medieval  studies,  an  avant-garde poetics, and a revolutionary politics of elaborating a var-ied cosmos as Public Park. In the face of the current plan-etary ecological disaster and its goads—the State and Cap-italism—a  radical  reorientation of  our  interface  with  the Cosmos  is  necessary. For  medieval  studies  to  begin to adequately respond, it must move aside from the impulse to thematizethe cultural and the ecological or to describe their mutual transversal as thematized by medieval litera-ture.  Instead, we  mustMAKE  (as  inPOETICS).  We  mustelaborate non- and de-instrumentalized ethics and proce-dures that allow interface with the non-Human Cosmos.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Remein, Daniel C. </PersonName>
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        <TitleDetail>
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            <TitleText language="eng">A Medieval</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Manifesto</Subtitle>
          </TitleElement>
        </TitleDetail>
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          <ContributorRole>A01</ContributorRole>
          <PersonName>Christopher Roman</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Christopher</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Roman</KeyNames>
          <ProfessionalAffiliation>
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              <AffiliationIDType>40</AffiliationIDType>
              <IDValue>049pfb863</IDValue>
            </AffiliationIdentifier>
            <Affiliation>Kent State University</Affiliation>
          </ProfessionalAffiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;A  medieval  refuses  ‘the.’  ‘The’  indicates  singularity,  a reaching back to see a monolith. But, the Angel of Histo-ry  does  not  see  the  past  as  monolith;  it  approaches  in fragments, pieces and chairs, bookcases and drops, reach-ing out with its queer touch.A  medieval  does  not  rest.  Once  it  has  been  identified it has  already  been  lost.  What is  left  is  an  event  that  is  its becoming.A  medieval  is  evident  in  slime  trails  that are  left.  These paths  ooze  into  the  earth,  evaporate  into  air.  They  are reflected in whatever light is shined upon them.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;A  medieval  refuses  ‘the.’  ‘The’  indicates  singularity,  a reaching back to see a monolith. But, the Angel of Histo-ry  does  not  see  the  past  as  monolith;  it  approaches  in fragments, pieces and chairs, bookcases and drops, reach-ing out with its queer touch.A  medieval  does  not  rest.  Once  it  has  been  identified it has  already  been  lost.  What is  left  is  an  event  that  is  its becoming.A  medieval  is  evident  in  slime  trails  that are  left.  These paths  ooze  into  the  earth,  evaporate  into  air.  They  are reflected in whatever light is shined upon them.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <ContentAudience>00</ContentAudience>
          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
        </TextContent>
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            <PersonName>Roman, Christopher</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Homo Narrans</TitleText>
          </TitleElement>
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          <ContributorRole>A01</ContributorRole>
          <PersonName>Eva von Contzen</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Eva</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>von Contzen</KeyNames>
          <ProfessionalAffiliation>
            <AffiliationIdentifier>
              <AffiliationIDType>40</AffiliationIDType>
              <IDValue>0245cg223</IDValue>
            </AffiliationIdentifier>
            <Affiliation>University of Freiburg</Affiliation>
          </ProfessionalAffiliation>
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          <LanguageCode>eng</LanguageCode>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;My title is borrowed from a book by John D. Niles on the pervasiveness of storytelling among human beings.1 Niles investigates  oral  literature  from  both  an  anthropological and a  cultural  perspective  and  demonstrates  its  socio-cultural  grounding  and  significance.  We  think  in  stories and  narrativize  our  experiences  in  the  world.  We  trans-form objects, natural processes, and unrelated occurrenc-es  into  narratives  by  establishing  links  of  coherence  and causality,  by adding  personification  and  anthropomor-phism,  and  by  projecting  feelings  onto  that  which  sur-rounds  us.  We  tell  stories  to  soothe,  to  debate,  to  invite response, to strengthen friendship, to remember, to argue, to  bond,  and  to  define  our  identity―the  list  could  be extended  endlessly,  so  manifold  are  the  reasons  and  mo-tivations behind the storytelling impulse.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <ContentAudience>00</ContentAudience>
          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;My title is borrowed from a book by John D. Niles on the pervasiveness of storytelling among human beings.1 Niles investigates  oral  literature  from  both  an  anthropological and a  cultural  perspective  and  demonstrates  its  socio-cultural  grounding  and  significance.  We  think  in  stories and  narrativize  our  experiences  in  the  world.  We  trans-form objects, natural processes, and unrelated occurrenc-es  into  narratives  by  establishing  links  of  coherence  and causality,  by adding  personification  and  anthropomor-phism,  and  by  projecting  feelings  onto  that  which  sur-rounds  us.  We  tell  stories  to  soothe,  to  debate,  to  invite response, to strengthen friendship, to remember, to argue, to  bond,  and  to  define  our  identity―the  list  could  be extended  endlessly,  so  manifold  are  the  reasons  and  mo-tivations behind the storytelling impulse.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
        </TextContent>
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          <TextType>20</TextType>
          <ContentAudience>00</ContentAudience>
          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
        </TextContent>
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          <CopyrightOwner>
            <PersonName>von Contzen, Eva</PersonName>
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        <TitleDetail>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Historicism and Its Discontents</TitleText>
          </TitleElement>
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          <ContributorRole>A01</ContributorRole>
          <PersonName>Erik Wade</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Erik</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Wade</KeyNames>
          <ProfessionalAffiliation>
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              <AffiliationIDType>40</AffiliationIDType>
              <IDValue>05vt9qd57</IDValue>
            </AffiliationIdentifier>
            <Affiliation>Rutgers University</Affiliation>
          </ProfessionalAffiliation>
          <ProfessionalAffiliation>
            <AffiliationIdentifier>
              <AffiliationIDType>40</AffiliationIDType>
              <IDValue>041nas322</IDValue>
            </AffiliationIdentifier>
            <Affiliation>University of Bonn</Affiliation>
          </ProfessionalAffiliation>
        </Contributor>
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          <LanguageCode>eng</LanguageCode>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;A text is being historicized. As with Freud's famous essay on  the  fantasy  “a  child  is  being  beaten,”  what  matters most is the fantasy that the vague statement covers over.1What is the fantasy that historicism supports? Numerous arguments have been raised against historicism. However,  my  interest  here  lies  less  in  those  arguments  than  in exploring the fantasy that undergirds both historicism as well  as  its  renunciation.  What  might  it  mean  to  give  up historicism? Moreover, what might it mean to abandon a practice, as opposed to abandoning an object? This essay troubles  the  idea  of  letting  go  of  historicism  by  suggest-ing  that  historicism  is  itself  a  kind  of  letting  go,  a  relin-quishing of the historical object to a distant past. So, to let go  of  historicism  is  to  refuse  to  let  go  of  the  historical object.   This   refusal,   however,   remains   obscured   and unacknowledged beneath a fantasy of historicism’s historicity.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <TextContent>
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          <ContentAudience>00</ContentAudience>
          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;A text is being historicized. As with Freud's famous essay on  the  fantasy  “a  child  is  being  beaten,”  what  matters most is the fantasy that the vague statement covers over.1What is the fantasy that historicism supports? Numerous arguments have been raised against historicism. However,  my  interest  here  lies  less  in  those  arguments  than  in exploring the fantasy that undergirds both historicism as well  as  its  renunciation.  What  might  it  mean  to  give  up historicism? Moreover, what might it mean to abandon a practice, as opposed to abandoning an object? This essay troubles  the  idea  of  letting  go  of  historicism  by  suggest-ing  that  historicism  is  itself  a  kind  of  letting  go,  a  relin-quishing of the historical object to a distant past. So, to let go  of  historicism  is  to  refuse  to  let  go  of  the  historical object.   This   refusal,   however,   remains   obscured   and unacknowledged beneath a fantasy of historicism’s historicity.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <ContentAudience>00</ContentAudience>
          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
        </TextContent>
        <CopyrightStatement>
          <CopyrightOwner>
            <PersonName>Wade, Erik</PersonName>
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          <FirstPageNumber>119</FirstPageNumber>
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        <NumberOfPages>8</NumberOfPages>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Tis Magick, Magick That Will Have Ravished Me</TitleText>
          </TitleElement>
        </TitleDetail>
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          <SequenceNumber>1</SequenceNumber>
          <ContributorRole>A01</ContributorRole>
          <PersonName>Lisa Weston</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Lisa</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Weston</KeyNames>
          <ProfessionalAffiliation>
            <AffiliationIdentifier>
              <AffiliationIDType>40</AffiliationIDType>
              <IDValue>03enmdz06</IDValue>
            </AffiliationIdentifier>
            <Affiliation>California State University, Fresno</Affiliation>
          </ProfessionalAffiliation>
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          <LanguageCode>eng</LanguageCode>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Medievalists, especially philologists like me—and perhapslike some of you as well—weplay with dead things. With-in  the  late  capitalist,  utilitarian,  increasingly  techno-bur-eaucratic  and  determinedly  non-magical  University, our fondness  for  the  impractical  arts  and  humanities  and such, our philological and historical pursuits may well ap-pear an unseemly(or at least useless) preoccupation with the past, a philia(or paraphilia) for“dead”languages and cultures.Necrophilia, not to put too fine a point onit.But in  the  face  of  such  institutional  abjection,  let  us  not  sur-render  our philiaso  much  as  transform  it—into mantia. Let us (re)claim and reconstruct our engagement with the “dead” as necromancy—from  the  Latin necromantia,  bor-rowed  in  turn  from  post-Classical  Greek νεκρομαντεια (nekromanteía),  from νεκρος(nekrós)  “dead  body”  and μαντεια(manteía) “prophecy or divination”—the discovery of  hidden  knowledge  and especially  the  prediction  or perhaps rathercreation of the future through intercourse (pun intended) with the “dead” past.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Medievalists, especially philologists like me—and perhapslike some of you as well—weplay with dead things. With-in  the  late  capitalist,  utilitarian,  increasingly  techno-bur-eaucratic  and  determinedly  non-magical  University, our fondness  for  the  impractical  arts  and  humanities  and such, our philological and historical pursuits may well ap-pear an unseemly(or at least useless) preoccupation with the past, a philia(or paraphilia) for“dead”languages and cultures.Necrophilia, not to put too fine a point onit.But in  the  face  of  such  institutional  abjection,  let  us  not  sur-render  our philiaso  much  as  transform  it—into mantia. Let us (re)claim and reconstruct our engagement with the “dead” as necromancy—from  the  Latin necromantia,  bor-rowed  in  turn  from  post-Classical  Greek νεκρομαντεια (nekromanteía),  from νεκρος(nekrós)  “dead  body”  and μαντεια(manteía) “prophecy or divination”—the discovery of  hidden  knowledge  and especially  the  prediction  or perhaps rathercreation of the future through intercourse (pun intended) with the “dead” past.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The experimental essays gathered here had their origin in performance at the 48th International Congress of Medie-val Studies in Kalamazoo, Michigan (May, 2013). The idea of  this  twelve-way  collaboration  was  dreamed  through  a series  of  emails  exchanged  among  Jonathan  Hsy,  Lowell Duckert, Eileen Joy,  and Jeffrey Cohen. We set as our task imagining   collective   modes   for   contemplating   how   to shape   the   humanities,   as   well   as   the   communities   to which we belong at  many  levels,  to  bring  about  a  future more our  own,  while  wondering  all  the  while  how  that first-person  plural  comes  into  being.  Building  upon  a  se-ries  of  sessions  at  the previous  year’s  Congress  that  had focused  on  the  active  engagement  to  which  humanists must  commit  in  order  not  to  find  themselves  in  merely passive,  reactive,  protest-oriented  positions  within  their home  institutions  as  well  as  at  the  many  other  homes  we inhabit through daily acts of creation, we hoped to extend and  intensify  a  conversation  about  how  to  shape  the hu-manities, and ourselves, in the years ahead. We knew from the start that any such intervention had to be fully collab-orative.  Changing  the  world  is  not  a  solo  project.  But  the working  out  of  how  such  alliance  and  enmeshing  might proceed was left to the participants.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The experimental essays gathered here had their origin in performance at the 48th International Congress of Medie-val Studies in Kalamazoo, Michigan (May, 2013). The idea of  this  twelve-way  collaboration  was  dreamed  through  a series  of  emails  exchanged  among  Jonathan  Hsy,  Lowell Duckert, Eileen Joy,  and Jeffrey Cohen. We set as our task imagining   collective   modes   for   contemplating   how   to shape   the   humanities,   as   well   as   the   communities   to which we belong at  many  levels,  to  bring  about  a  future more our  own,  while  wondering  all  the  while  how  that first-person  plural  comes  into  being.  Building  upon  a  se-ries  of  sessions  at  the previous  year’s  Congress  that  had focused  on  the  active  engagement  to  which  humanists must  commit  in  order  not  to  find  themselves  in  merely passive,  reactive,  protest-oriented  positions  within  their home  institutions  as  well  as  at  the  many  other  homes  we inhabit through daily acts of creation, we hoped to extend and  intensify  a  conversation  about  how  to  shape  the hu-manities, and ourselves, in the years ahead. We knew from the start that any such intervention had to be fully collab-orative.  Changing  the  world  is  not  a  solo  project.  But  the working  out  of  how  such  alliance  and  enmeshing  might proceed was left to the participants.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <Affiliation>University of California, Santa Barbara</Affiliation>
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            <Affiliation>Southern Illinois University Edwardsville</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;We  are  in  the  midst  of  paradigm  change,  brought on  by initiatives   like   biological   systems   theory,   post-structuralism, James Gibson’s  theory  of  affordances,1 and  neuroplasticity.Top-down  or  prime-mover  models  of  change  have  given way  to  principles  of  creative  interactivity  and  causal  pari-ty,  in  which  concentrations  of  forces  and  systemic ele-ments continue to play significant roles, but only as parts of turbulent, non-totalizable assemblages.  The findings of the genome  project  have  put  genetic  determinism in  doubt. Today’s  genes  do not  write  the  scripts  of  our  lives;  they  are relatively passive elements in a complex field of biochem-ical  interactions. Jesper  Hoffmeyer  summarizes  the  situation this way: “Living cells . . . use DNA to construct the organ-ism,  not  vice  versa.”2 Many  kinds  of  conjunctions  and symbioses  now  appear  to  have  significance  for  bio-his-tory; these are evolutionary events that depend neither on natural  selection  nor  mutation.  The  study  of  multi-cell-ularity  shows  that  individuation and  aggregation  are  both fundamental  to  living  process,  and  are  interdependent  ra-ther  than  mutually  exclusive  processes.  Focus  on  the  ac-tions of cells has restored the importance of the life expe-rience  of  the  organism  and  its  forms  of  relationality  to evolutionary theory; bio-history is now seen to be created by  mutually  constitutive  interactions  between  the  geno-type, the phenotype, and environmental, including social, affordances. The organism is no longer a “dead end,” and evolution turns out to be a history of ecologies rather than of  anthropomorphized  “selfish”  genes  bent  on  self-repli-cation.  Semiosis—communication—is  a  sine  qua  non  of living  process. The  brain’s  capacity  for  estimation  and signal-interpretation  is,  simply,  vital;  only  in  very  specific knowledge-ecologies  does  it  require  probability  theory  and experimental  controls  to  act  on  behalf  of  sentient  experi-ence. Living process—including artful, real-time, improvi-sational  activity—finally  plays  a  significant  role  in  bio-historiography.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;We  are  in  the  midst  of  paradigm  change,  brought on  by initiatives   like   biological   systems   theory,   post-structuralism, James Gibson’s  theory  of  affordances,1 and  neuroplasticity.Top-down  or  prime-mover  models  of  change  have  given way  to  principles  of  creative  interactivity  and  causal  pari-ty,  in  which  concentrations  of  forces  and  systemic ele-ments continue to play significant roles, but only as parts of turbulent, non-totalizable assemblages.  The findings of the genome  project  have  put  genetic  determinism in  doubt. Today’s  genes  do not  write  the  scripts  of  our  lives;  they  are relatively passive elements in a complex field of biochem-ical  interactions. Jesper  Hoffmeyer  summarizes  the  situation this way: “Living cells . . . use DNA to construct the organ-ism,  not  vice  versa.”2 Many  kinds  of  conjunctions  and symbioses  now  appear  to  have  significance  for  bio-his-tory; these are evolutionary events that depend neither on natural  selection  nor  mutation.  The  study  of  multi-cell-ularity  shows  that  individuation and  aggregation  are  both fundamental  to  living  process,  and  are  interdependent  ra-ther  than  mutually  exclusive  processes.  Focus  on  the  ac-tions of cells has restored the importance of the life expe-rience  of  the  organism  and  its  forms  of  relationality  to evolutionary theory; bio-history is now seen to be created by  mutually  constitutive  interactions  between  the  geno-type, the phenotype, and environmental, including social, affordances. The organism is no longer a “dead end,” and evolution turns out to be a history of ecologies rather than of  anthropomorphized  “selfish”  genes  bent  on  self-repli-cation.  Semiosis—communication—is  a  sine  qua  non  of living  process. The  brain’s  capacity  for  estimation  and signal-interpretation  is,  simply,  vital;  only  in  very  specific knowledge-ecologies  does  it  require  probability  theory  and experimental  controls  to  act  on  behalf  of  sentient  experi-ence. Living process—including artful, real-time, improvi-sational  activity—finally  plays  a  significant  role  in  bio-historiography.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;AM: “Settle thy studies, Faustus, and begin / To sound the depths of that thou wilt profess.”1 Thinking about what to do  next  we  are  liable  to  be  haunted  by  past  efforts,  per-haps by a diabolical presence such as this German magus, mocking any attempts to enumerate all we've tried and to propose  some  new  and  occult  mode  of  inquiry.  As  if  successive attempts to do more, or better, with less would be sufficiently   original   (“Foucault   farewell!   Where   is   Har-man?”).  Should  we  always  be  in  pursuit  of  The  Next  Big Thing? Perhaps the first thing to consider is the risk that in seeking to gain divinity, we will lack all ambition to invent other futures. “Lines, circles, schemes, letters, and charac-ters!  /  Ay,  these  are  those  that  Faustus  most  desires.  O what a world of profit and delight, / Of power, of honour, of  omnipotence  /  Is  promised  the  studious  artisan!”2 But is that what we really want now?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;AM: “Settle thy studies, Faustus, and begin / To sound the depths of that thou wilt profess.”1 Thinking about what to do  next  we  are  liable  to  be  haunted  by  past  efforts,  per-haps by a diabolical presence such as this German magus, mocking any attempts to enumerate all we've tried and to propose  some  new  and  occult  mode  of  inquiry.  As  if  successive attempts to do more, or better, with less would be sufficiently   original   (“Foucault   farewell!   Where   is   Har-man?”).  Should  we  always  be  in  pursuit  of  The  Next  Big Thing? Perhaps the first thing to consider is the risk that in seeking to gain divinity, we will lack all ambition to invent other futures. “Lines, circles, schemes, letters, and charac-ters!  /  Ay,  these  are  those  that  Faustus  most  desires.  O what a world of profit and delight, / Of power, of honour, of  omnipotence  /  Is  promised  the  studious  artisan!”2 But is that what we really want now?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <Affiliation>West Virginia University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In  the  future  I  want,  I  am  a  cormorant.  A  screeching  sea-crow,  I  perch  on  a  high  branch  on  the  Tree  of  Life  over-looking  Paradise.  My  eyes  flare  with  greed,  and  with two senses  of  the  word  “want.”  Things appear down  there, spread  out below  me,  things  that  I  lack  (“want”)  and things that I desire (“want”). “Various”  is  the  word  for  what  I  see.  “A  happy  rural seat  of  various  view”  (4.247)  is  the  full  line  in Paradise Lost, but it’s just “various” that I crave.1 These three sylla-bles roll around inside my bird’s mouth. Various. All of the things  that  inhabit  this  Paradise,  laid  out  before  me.  Not just one thing, but another.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In  the  future  I  want,  I  am  a  cormorant.  A  screeching  sea-crow,  I  perch  on  a  high  branch  on  the  Tree  of  Life  over-looking  Paradise.  My  eyes  flare  with  greed,  and  with two senses  of  the  word  “want.”  Things appear down  there, spread  out below  me,  things  that  I  lack  (“want”)  and things that I desire (“want”). “Various”  is  the  word  for  what  I  see.  “A  happy  rural seat  of  various  view”  (4.247)  is  the  full  line  in Paradise Lost, but it’s just “various” that I crave.1 These three sylla-bles roll around inside my bird’s mouth. Various. All of the things  that  inhabit  this  Paradise,  laid  out  before  me.  Not just one thing, but another.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <PersonName>Duckert, Lowell</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The year 991 will never be complete. It endures, subject to remaking  and  revision.2  At  the  time,  the  year  must  have been  anticipated,  welcomed,  dreaded.  Seasons  change. Years  turn.  And  by  their  passage  those  who  live  on  stand recruited  as  mnemotechnical  relays  to  their  passing.  The future, the effect of the future is never wanting, never lack-ing.  The  future  happens  all  the  time.  You  and  we,  as  well as  the  life  cycles  or  runtime  of  all  its  variously  animated wetware   (animals,   plants,   fungus,   machines),   all   that “lives on,” constitute the medium by which, in which, the future  presences.3  The  dead  stand  recruited  also,  “dying on” by way of memory, external memory devices (memo-rials,   tombs,   etc.)   and   resuscitated   into   the   fictive   or factish  uses  of  things  deemed  “past”  in  successive  pre-sents.  Liveliness  finds  itself  distributed  across  the  contin-uum,  from  which  notions  of  life  and  death,  past,  present, and  future,  find  themselves  extracted.  The  humanities cohabit with the charnel house of the collective. Our read-ings perform variously secular or sacred resurrections.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Ever since the turn of the century aesthetics has steadily gained momentum as a central field of study across the disciplines. No longer sidelined, aesthetics has grown in confidence. While this recent development brings with it a return to the work of the canonical authors (most notably Baumgarten and Kant), some contemporary scholars reject the traditional focus on epistemology and theorize aesthetics in its ontological connotations. It is according to this shift that speculative realists have proclaimed aesthetics as “first philosophy” and as speculative in nature. With speculative realism aesthetics no longer necessarily implies human agents. This is in alignment with the general speculative realist framework for thinking all kinds of processes, entities, and objects as free from our all-pervasive anthropocentrism, which states, always, that everything is “for us.”&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This special volume of Speculations explores the ramifications of what could be termed the new speculative aesthetics. In doing so, it stages a three-fold encounter: between aesthetics and speculation, between speculative realism and its (possible) precursors, and between speculative realism and art and literature&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Tristan Partridge is a Lecturer in Global Studies at the University of California, Santa Barbara, and co-founder of the CREW Center for Restorative Environmental Work. He received his PhD in Social Anthropology from the University of Edinburgh and has since been a Research Fellow at universities in Spain, the UK, and the US, also teaching courses on ethnographic methods, political ecology, visual anthropology, and anthropological theory. His research addresses global struggles for environmental justice through collaborative projects with Indigenous communities defending land and water rights in Ecuador, with farmers’ movements for non-toxic agriculture in northern India, and with groups resisting new oil extraction in California. This work is published across academic journals and media platforms and in his book, Energy and Environmental Justice: Movements, Solidarities, and Critical Connections (Palgrave, 2022). Tristan’s ethnographic work also draws on aural anthropology and visual methods: he has written text scores for The Center For Deep Listening and his fieldwork photography has been exhibited internationally. His collaborative documentary work continues through an ongoing photographic project with colleagues in Ecuador, Mingas : Solidarity.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Burning Diagrams in Anthropology examines the use of diagrams in anthropology to reimagine how we think about, and challenge, intellectual histories. Highlighting the impossibility of escaping what different disciplines and institutions deem to be “past,” the author combines critical analysis of selected diagrams with an expansive, exploratory reimmersion in their aesthetic, ethical, and political potential.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Diagrams persist. Yet while other visual components of scholarly work – especially photography, cartography, and film – have been subject to significant critical scrutiny, diagrams have received far less reflexive attention. Reversing this trend, Partridge presents a collection of 52 diagrams, covering a period of 150 years, to create an “inverse museum” – a space where the collection matters less than reactions to it. While the images are drawn from sociocultural anthropology, they are discussed in dialogue with approaches from philosophy, postcolonial studies, architecture, aesthetics, posthumanism, and critical art theory.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Dissecting the notion of The Canon in order to confront academic complicity in hierarchical and racialized relations of inequality, the figurative burning of the title refers to how we might prepare the ground for scholarly work that meets the immediate, collective needs of an Earth in crisis – not least, by refusing adherence to disciplinary normalcy. By refusing this adherence, Partridge reaffirms knowledge creation in general, and anthropology in particular, as deeply ethical, creative, and relational processes.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Burning Diagrams in Anthropology examines the use of diagrams in anthropology to reimagine how we think about, and challenge, intellectual histories. Highlighting the impossibility of escaping what different disciplines and institutions deem to be “past,” the author combines critical analysis of selected diagrams with an expansive, exploratory reimmersion in their aesthetic, ethical, and political potential.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Diagrams persist. Yet while other visual components of scholarly work – especially photography, cartography, and film – have been subject to significant critical scrutiny, diagrams have received far less reflexive attention. Reversing this trend, Partridge presents a collection of 52 diagrams, covering a period of 150 years, to create an “inverse museum” – a space where the collection matters less than reactions to it. While the images are drawn from sociocultural anthropology, they are discussed in dialogue with approaches from philosophy, postcolonial studies, architecture, aesthetics, posthumanism, and critical art theory.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Dissecting the notion of The Canon in order to confront academic complicity in hierarchical and racialized relations of inequality, the figurative burning of the title refers to how we might prepare the ground for scholarly work that meets the immediate, collective needs of an Earth in crisis – not least, by refusing adherence to disciplinary normalcy. By refusing this adherence, Partridge reaffirms knowledge creation in general, and anthropology in particular, as deeply ethical, creative, and relational processes.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Burning Diagrams in Anthropology examines the use of diagrams in anthropology to reimagine how we think about, and challenge, intellectual histories. Highlighting the impossibility of escaping what different disciplines and institutions deem to be “past,” the author combines critical analysis of selected diagrams with an expansive, exploratory reimmersion in their aesthetic, ethical, and political potential.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Diagrams persist. Yet while other visual components of scholarly work – especially photography, cartography, and film – have been subject to significant critical scrutiny, diagrams have received far less reflexive attention. Reversing this trend, Partridge presents a collection of 52 diagrams, covering a period of 150 years, to create an “inverse museum” – a space where the collection matters less than reactions to it. While the images are drawn from sociocultural anthropology, they are discussed in dialogue with approaches from philosophy, postcolonial studies, architecture, aesthetics, posthumanism, and critical art theory.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Dissecting the notion of The Canon in order to confront academic complicity in hierarchical and racialized relations of inequality, the figurative burning of the title refers to how we might prepare the ground for scholarly work that meets the immediate, collective needs of an Earth in crisis – not least, by refusing adherence to disciplinary normalcy. By refusing this adherence, Partridge reaffirms knowledge creation in general, and anthropology in particular, as deeply ethical, creative, and relational processes.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Burning Diagrams in Anthropology examines the use of diagrams in anthropology to reimagine how we think about, and challenge, intellectual histories. Highlighting the impossibility of escaping what different disciplines and institutions deem to be “past,” the author combines critical analysis of selected diagrams with an expansive, exploratory reimmersion in their aesthetic, ethical, and political potential.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Diagrams persist. Yet while other visual components of scholarly work – especially photography, cartography, and film – have been subject to significant critical scrutiny, diagrams have received far less reflexive attention. Reversing this trend, Partridge presents a collection of 52 diagrams, covering a period of 150 years, to create an “inverse museum” – a space where the collection matters less than reactions to it. While the images are drawn from sociocultural anthropology, they are discussed in dialogue with approaches from philosophy, postcolonial studies, architecture, aesthetics, posthumanism, and critical art theory.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Dissecting the notion of The Canon in order to confront academic complicity in hierarchical and racialized relations of inequality, the figurative burning of the title refers to how we might prepare the ground for scholarly work that meets the immediate, collective needs of an Earth in crisis – not least, by refusing adherence to disciplinary normalcy. By refusing this adherence, Partridge reaffirms knowledge creation in general, and anthropology in particular, as deeply ethical, creative, and relational processes.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Victor J. Vitanza (author of Sexual Violence in Western Thought and Writing) continues to rethink the problem of sexual violence in cinema and how rape is often represented in “chaste” ways, in the form of a Chaste Cinematics. Vitanza continues to discuss Chaste Cinematics as participating in transdisciplinary-rhetorical traditions that establish the very foundations (groundings, points of stasis) for nation states and cultures. In this offering, however, the initial grounding for the discussions is “base materialism” (George Bataille): divine filth, the sacred and profane. It is this post-philosophical base materialism that destabilizes binaries, fixedness, and brings forth excluded thirds. Vitanza asks: why is it that a repressed third, or a third figure, returns, most strangely as a “product” of rape and torture? He works with Jean-Paul Sartre and Page duBois’s suggestion that the “product” is a new “species.”&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Always attempting unorthodox ways of approaching social problems, Vitanza organizes his table of contents as a DVD menu of “Extras” (supplements). This menu includes Alternate Endings and Easter Eggs as well as an Excursus, which invokes readers to take up the political exigency of the DVD-Book. Vitanza’s first “Extra” studies a trio of films that need to be reconsidered, given what they offer as insights into Chaste Cinematics: Amadeus (a mad god), Henry Fool (a foolish god), and Multiple Maniacs (a divine god who is raped and eats excrement). The second examines Helke Sander’s documentary Liberators Take Liberties, which re-thinks the rapes of German women by the Russians and Allies during the Battle of Berlin. The third rethinks Margie Strosser’s video-film Rape Stories that calls for revenge. In the Alternate Endings, Vitanza rethinks the problem of reversibility in G. Noé’s Irréversible. In the Easter Eggs, he considers Dominique Laporte’s “the Irreparable,” as the object of loss and Giorgio Agamben’s “the Irreparable,” as hope in what is without remedy. The result is not another film-studies book, but a new genre, a new set of rhetorics, for new ways of thinking about cinematics, perhaps postcinematics.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Chaucer’s Comic Providence presents readings of five of Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales that dramatize sexual division and the lack of rapport between the sexes. These readings are founded on the psychoanalytic thinking of Jacques Lacan in his rereading of Freud and are motivated by Thormann’s conviction that Chaucer understood what psychoanalysis would come to study as an unconscious operating in the subject that is independent of conscious control and desire. For psychoanalysis, the subject is interminably engaged with unconscious sexual difference and with what Lacan saw as the absence of sexual rapport. Chaucer’s Comic Providence analyzes Chaucer’s plots of sexual adventures, mishaps, and surprise to show how the five tales dramatize the lack of symmetry and absence of accord between the sexes.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ultimately, Thormann’s interest here is in the ways these five narratives represent and deal with sexual division, in their means of handling what, in any case, cannot be avoided or mastered. Consequently, the resolutions of the narratives sponsor an ethics of desire: they affirm sexual pleasure and acknowledge misprision and limitation, but they do not compromise, close down, or finish with incompatibility, contraction, and limitation. Her reading, then, claims that Chaucer’s poetry already reveals the unconscious that Freud is credited with discovering. As well, Chaucer not only anticipates Lacan’s pronouncement that “the unconscious is structured like a language,” but also his emphasis on unconscious sexual difference and the absence of rapport between the sexes.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;With few exceptions, while there has been much consideration of gender in Chaucer’s stories, contemporary criticism of Chaucer has remained inimical or, at the least, largely indifferent, to psychoanalysis, yet because it considers both difference and continuity, change and perpetuation, and because it incorporates psychic processes, motives, functions, and dynamics operating outside of conscious awareness, psychoanalysis offers a wider range for analysis of Chaucer’s tales than does gender theory alone. Chaucer’s Comic Providence also addresses the unexpected, surprising, and providentially comic resolutions of Chaucer’s tales, the concomitant abeyance of sexual conflicts, and the links between emergence and abeyance, which issue in the hope of a beneficent future.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Chaucer’s Comic Providence presents readings of five of Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales that dramatize sexual division and the lack of rapport between the sexes. These readings are founded on the psychoanalytic thinking of Jacques Lacan in his rereading of Freud and are motivated by Thormann’s conviction that Chaucer understood what psychoanalysis would come to study as an unconscious operating in the subject that is independent of conscious control and desire. For psychoanalysis, the subject is interminably engaged with unconscious sexual difference and with what Lacan saw as the absence of sexual rapport. Chaucer’s Comic Providence analyzes Chaucer’s plots of sexual adventures, mishaps, and surprise to show how the five tales dramatize the lack of symmetry and absence of accord between the sexes.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ultimately, Thormann’s interest here is in the ways these five narratives represent and deal with sexual division, in their means of handling what, in any case, cannot be avoided or mastered. Consequently, the resolutions of the narratives sponsor an ethics of desire: they affirm sexual pleasure and acknowledge misprision and limitation, but they do not compromise, close down, or finish with incompatibility, contraction, and limitation. Her reading, then, claims that Chaucer’s poetry already reveals the unconscious that Freud is credited with discovering. As well, Chaucer not only anticipates Lacan’s pronouncement that “the unconscious is structured like a language,” but also his emphasis on unconscious sexual difference and the absence of rapport between the sexes.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;With few exceptions, while there has been much consideration of gender in Chaucer’s stories, contemporary criticism of Chaucer has remained inimical or, at the least, largely indifferent, to psychoanalysis, yet because it considers both difference and continuity, change and perpetuation, and because it incorporates psychic processes, motives, functions, and dynamics operating outside of conscious awareness, psychoanalysis offers a wider range for analysis of Chaucer’s tales than does gender theory alone. Chaucer’s Comic Providence also addresses the unexpected, surprising, and providentially comic resolutions of Chaucer’s tales, the concomitant abeyance of sexual conflicts, and the links between emergence and abeyance, which issue in the hope of a beneficent future.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;L.O. Aranye Fradenburg Joy is Professor Emerita of English and Comparative Literature, specializing in medieval literature, literary theory, and mind studies, at the University of California, Santa Barbara, before retiring in 2018. She is the author of City, Marriage, Tournament: Arts of Rule in Late Medieval Scotland (Wisconsin, 1991), Sacrifice Your Love: Psychoanalysis, Historicism, Chaucer (Minnesota, 2002), Staying Alive: A Survival Manual for the Liberal Arts (punctum books, 2013), and numerous articles on the relations between contemporary thought and medieval studies, as well as the editor (with Carla Freccero) of Premodern Sexualities (Routledge, 1996). She also founded and directed UC-Santa Barbara’s specialization in “Literature and the Mind,” and is a Faculty Member and Chair of the Research Psychoanalysis Committee at the New Center for Psychoanalysis, Los Angeles, with a private practice in Santa Barbara, California.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In The Contest between B-Genres, the “Space Trilogy” by J.R.R. Tolkien’s friend and colleague C.S. Lewis and the roster of American science fictions that Gotthard Günther selected and glossed for the German readership in 1952 demarcate the ring in which the contestants face off. In carrying out in fiction the joust that Tolkien proclaimed in his manifesto essay “On Fairy-Stories,” Lewis challenged the visions of travel through time and space that were the mainstays of modern science fiction. In the facing corner, Günther recognized in American science fiction the first stirrings of a new mythic storytelling that would supplant the staple of an expiring metaphysics, the fairy-story basic to Tolkien and Lewis’s fantasy genre.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The B-genres science fiction and fantasy were contemporaries of cinema’s emergence out of the scientific and experimental study and recording of motion made visible. In an early work like H.G. Wells’s The Time Machine, which Tolkien credited as work of fantasy, the transport through time – the ununderstood crux of this literary experiment – is conveyed through a cinematic–fantastic component in the narrative, reflecting optical innovations and forecasting the movies to come. Although the historical onset of the rivalry between the B-genres is packed with literary examples, adaptation (acknowledged or not) followed out the rebound of wish fantasy between literary descriptions of the ununderstood and their cinematic counterparts, visual and special effects.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The arrival of the digital relation out of the crucible of the unknown and the special effect seemed at last to award the fantasy genre the trophy in its contest with science fiction. And yet, although science fiction indeed failed to predict the digital future, fantasy did not so much succeed as draw benefit from the mere resemblance of fantasying to the new relation. While it follows that digitization is the fantasy that is true (and not, as Tolkien had hoped, the Christian Gospel), the newly renewed B-genre without borders found support in another revaluation that was underway in the other B-genre. Once its future orientation was “history,” science fiction began indwelling the ruins of its faulty forecasts. By its new allegorical momentum, science fiction supplied captions of legibility and history to the reconfigured borderlands it cohabited with fantasy. The second volume also attends, then, to the hybrids that owed their formation to these changes, both anticipated and realized. Extending through the topography of the borderlands, works by J.G. Ballard, Ursula Le Guin, and John Boorman, among others, occupy and cathect a context of speculative fiction that suspended and blended the strict contest requirements constitutive of the separate B-genres.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In The Contest between B-Genres, the “Space Trilogy” by J.R.R. Tolkien’s friend and colleague C.S. Lewis and the roster of American science fictions that Gotthard Günther selected and glossed for the German readership in 1952 demarcate the ring in which the contestants face off. In carrying out in fiction the joust that Tolkien proclaimed in his manifesto essay “On Fairy-Stories,” Lewis challenged the visions of travel through time and space that were the mainstays of modern science fiction. In the facing corner, Günther recognized in American science fiction the first stirrings of a new mythic storytelling that would supplant the staple of an expiring metaphysics, the fairy-story basic to Tolkien and Lewis’s fantasy genre.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The B-genres science fiction and fantasy were contemporaries of cinema’s emergence out of the scientific and experimental study and recording of motion made visible. In an early work like H.G. Wells’s The Time Machine, which Tolkien credited as work of fantasy, the transport through time – the ununderstood crux of this literary experiment – is conveyed through a cinematic–fantastic component in the narrative, reflecting optical innovations and forecasting the movies to come. Although the historical onset of the rivalry between the B-genres is packed with literary examples, adaptation (acknowledged or not) followed out the rebound of wish fantasy between literary descriptions of the ununderstood and their cinematic counterparts, visual and special effects.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The arrival of the digital relation out of the crucible of the unknown and the special effect seemed at last to award the fantasy genre the trophy in its contest with science fiction. And yet, although science fiction indeed failed to predict the digital future, fantasy did not so much succeed as draw benefit from the mere resemblance of fantasying to the new relation. While it follows that digitization is the fantasy that is true (and not, as Tolkien had hoped, the Christian Gospel), the newly renewed B-genre without borders found support in another revaluation that was underway in the other B-genre. Once its future orientation was “history,” science fiction began indwelling the ruins of its faulty forecasts. By its new allegorical momentum, science fiction supplied captions of legibility and history to the reconfigured borderlands it cohabited with fantasy. The second volume also attends, then, to the hybrids that owed their formation to these changes, both anticipated and realized. Extending through the topography of the borderlands, works by J.G. Ballard, Ursula Le Guin, and John Boorman, among others, occupy and cathect a context of speculative fiction that suspended and blended the strict contest requirements constitutive of the separate B-genres.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In The Block of Fame, Edmund Bergler, like the thirteenth fairy in the “Sleeping Beauty,“ uninvited because there wasn’t an extra place setting, crashes the psychoanalytic poetics of daydreaming with a curse. He charges that the overview, according to which art making rarefies daydreaming and delivers omnipotence, overlooks the underlying defense contract. We are hooked to creativity, because it offers the best defense against acknowledging the ultimate and untenable masochistic wish to be refused. Bergler’s bleak view, which Gilles Deleuze alone acknowledged in his study of Sacher-Masoch, doesn’t make any overall contribution to the aesthetics of fantasying that this critique addresses. However, it is a good fit with the centerpiece of the final volume: the wish for fame or, rather, the recoil of the wish in the wreckage that success brings.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Following the opening season of mourning and the experience of phantoms, there is the second death, which is murder. In addition to the deadening end that can only be postponed – the killing off of the dead until dead dead – there is another second death that concludes the wish for fame with a ritual stripping of badges and insignia. Not only are the medals thrown to the ground and the sword broken, but a life’s work passes review. At the close of his career, Freud returned to the environs of the wish, the cornerstone of his science. While his disciples Otto Rank and Hanns Sachs carried out his 1907 insights regarding the poetics of daydreaming to illuminate, respectively, the mythic origin of the hero and the evolution of art out of the mutual daydream, Freud battened down for the end of his world by revisiting the so-called primal fantasy, the myth of the primal father, in Moses and Monotheism. The animal setting that was a given of its premier articulation in Totem and Taboo was a wrap this time around with Freud’s translation of Marie Bonaparte’s transference gift, a memoir recounting her premature mourning for her sick chow and the dog’s recovery from cancer of the jaw.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In Bergler’s unconscious system, plagiarism is the conscious variation on the block basic to authorship. Theodor Adorno interpreted the ascendancy of the culture industry leading to and through the Third Reich in terms of the theft of modernism’s critical strategies for promoting the transformation of wish fantasy into the social relation of art. In the course of writing his essay “Notes on Kafka” between 1942 and 1952, Adorno was able to reclaim for aesthetic theory after Auschwitz the “constellation” that he and Benjamin had originally developed to outlast the culture industry’s depravation of the hopefulness of wishing. Adorno gives the sense or direction of the constellation’s recovery when he argues that Kafka’s work stages the final round of the contest between fantasy and science fiction by extrapolating doubling and déjà vu as the portals to a collective future.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The wish for fame or to be refused it and the wish to steal this book or undo the delinquency demarcate the final movement of the third volume, which follows out, beginning with Susan Sontag and Gidget, a veritable Bildungsroman of the post-war era’s star, the teenager. Fantasying to make it big time means to be in training for big ideas and big feelings. The romance of fantasying was also reconfigured out of a station break. The Nazi elevation of youth to superego in the Heimat of the Teen Age neutralized adolescent innovation by forgoing the Hamletian stage of metabolization of the death wish. Switching to the other patient, the other teenager at heart, no longer the German but now the American or Californian, this study enters the termination phase of the analysis in the environs of a reach for the stars that is legend. It is the legend to the final volume’s mapping of our second nature as daydreamer believers.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Using the Western tradition of metaphysical and political thought as a backdrop, Critique of Sovereignty (a work in 4 volumes) re-examines the concept of sovereignty in order to better understand why our ethical values and technical capacities often seem so divorced from our lived realities. On the one hand, ostensibly self-enclosed entities like the nation-state and the person are rhetorically bolstered as sites of technical agency and/or moral responsibility. On the other hand, these same entities appear fragile — if not purely fictional — in relation to ever ongoing tidal processes such as the migration, diffusion, and conglomeration of bodies, capital, ideas, etc. While some of our institutions might work some of the time, they always seem to work differently than we like to think they do. Accordingly, the forging of more humane institutions might very well entail if not require ways of thinking that strive to undo the self-imagined binds, exceptions, and sureties of thought for the sake of embracing a continuity with all that withers, decays, and falls away.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Book I, “Contemporary Theories of Sovereignty,” compares the varied interpretations of sovereignty given by a range of 20th-century political theorists (Maritain, Foucault, Derrida, Schmitt, Agamben, Hardt, and Negri) with Jean Bodin’s initial outline of the concept, rendered at the outset of modern political thought in the 16th century. The analytic framework of sovereignty encountered in these comparative readings provides an initial point of departure for unfolding a method of critique appropriate to the concept of sovereignty. Sovereignty is an ideal starting point for a critique of the deadlocks between thought and reality for a simple reason: it doesn’t actually exist. When it serves as a guide to action, sovereignty may be regarded as a particularly captivating fantasy. The closer it appears, the further it recedes, and, too often, the more vigorously it is pursued.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Using the Western tradition of metaphysical and political thought as a backdrop, Critique of Sovereignty (a work in 4 volumes) re-examines the concept of sovereignty in order to better understand why our ethical values and technical capacities often seem so divorced from our lived realities. On the one hand, ostensibly self-enclosed entities like the nation-state and the person are rhetorically bolstered as sites of technical agency and/or moral responsibility. On the other hand, these same entities appear fragile — if not purely fictional — in relation to ever ongoing tidal processes such as the migration, diffusion, and conglomeration of bodies, capital, ideas, etc. While some of our institutions might work some of the time, they always seem to work differently than we like to think they do. Accordingly, the forging of more humane institutions might very well entail if not require ways of thinking that strive to undo the self-imagined binds, exceptions, and sureties of thought for the sake of embracing a continuity with all that withers, decays, and falls away.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Book I, “Contemporary Theories of Sovereignty,” compares the varied interpretations of sovereignty given by a range of 20th-century political theorists (Maritain, Foucault, Derrida, Schmitt, Agamben, Hardt, and Negri) with Jean Bodin’s initial outline of the concept, rendered at the outset of modern political thought in the 16th century. The analytic framework of sovereignty encountered in these comparative readings provides an initial point of departure for unfolding a method of critique appropriate to the concept of sovereignty. Sovereignty is an ideal starting point for a critique of the deadlocks between thought and reality for a simple reason: it doesn’t actually exist. When it serves as a guide to action, sovereignty may be regarded as a particularly captivating fantasy. The closer it appears, the further it recedes, and, too often, the more vigorously it is pursued.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Using the Western tradition of metaphysical and political thought as a backdrop, Critique of Sovereignty (a work in 4 volumes) re-examines the concept of sovereignty in order to better understand why our ethical values and technical capacities often seem so divorced from our lived realities. On the one hand, ostensibly self-enclosed entities like the nation-state and the person are rhetorically bolstered as sites of technical agency and/or moral responsibility. On the other hand, these same entities appear fragile — if not purely fictional — in relation to ever ongoing tidal processes such as the migration, diffusion, and conglomeration of bodies, capital, ideas, etc. While some of our institutions might work some of the time, they always seem to work differently than we like to think they do. Accordingly, the forging of more humane institutions might very well entail if not require ways of thinking that strive to undo the self-imagined binds, exceptions, and sureties of thought for the sake of embracing a continuity with all that withers, decays, and falls away.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Book I, “Contemporary Theories of Sovereignty,” compares the varied interpretations of sovereignty given by a range of 20th-century political theorists (Maritain, Foucault, Derrida, Schmitt, Agamben, Hardt, and Negri) with Jean Bodin’s initial outline of the concept, rendered at the outset of modern political thought in the 16th century. The analytic framework of sovereignty encountered in these comparative readings provides an initial point of departure for unfolding a method of critique appropriate to the concept of sovereignty. Sovereignty is an ideal starting point for a critique of the deadlocks between thought and reality for a simple reason: it doesn’t actually exist. When it serves as a guide to action, sovereignty may be regarded as a particularly captivating fantasy. The closer it appears, the further it recedes, and, too often, the more vigorously it is pursued.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Using the Western tradition of metaphysical and political thought as a backdrop, Critique of Sovereignty (a work in 4 volumes) re-examines the concept of sovereignty in order to better understand why our ethical values and technical capacities often seem so divorced from our lived realities. On the one hand, ostensibly self-enclosed entities like the nation-state and the person are rhetorically bolstered as sites of technical agency and/or moral responsibility. On the other hand, these same entities appear fragile — if not purely fictional — in relation to ever ongoing tidal processes such as the migration, diffusion, and conglomeration of bodies, capital, ideas, etc. While some of our institutions might work some of the time, they always seem to work differently than we like to think they do. Accordingly, the forging of more humane institutions might very well entail if not require ways of thinking that strive to undo the self-imagined binds, exceptions, and sureties of thought for the sake of embracing a continuity with all that withers, decays, and falls away.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Book I, “Contemporary Theories of Sovereignty,” compares the varied interpretations of sovereignty given by a range of 20th-century political theorists (Maritain, Foucault, Derrida, Schmitt, Agamben, Hardt, and Negri) with Jean Bodin’s initial outline of the concept, rendered at the outset of modern political thought in the 16th century. The analytic framework of sovereignty encountered in these comparative readings provides an initial point of departure for unfolding a method of critique appropriate to the concept of sovereignty. Sovereignty is an ideal starting point for a critique of the deadlocks between thought and reality for a simple reason: it doesn’t actually exist. When it serves as a guide to action, sovereignty may be regarded as a particularly captivating fantasy. The closer it appears, the further it recedes, and, too often, the more vigorously it is pursued.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Olga Demetriou is a social anthropologist and Associate Professor at the Durham Global Security Institute, Durham University. She has written on displacement and borders, and the exclusions created in places mired by legacies of conflict. She is currently working on European refugee regimes and how they produce marginal orders of protection through law (complementary protection), politics (access to citizenship), and space (locations of first reception).&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Saifoudiny (Dine) Diallo was born in Guinea and lives in Palermo, Italy, where he founded the association for social promotion Giocherenda with other young people from different countries. He is a HIP ambassador for Philip Zimbardo’s Heroic Imagination Project and, as president of Giocherenda, he collaborates with Marina Warner for the Stories in Transit project. He is co-protagonist of Gabriele Gravagna’s documentary film Io sono qui (2017).&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Clelia Bartoli is Professor of Sociology of Law, Politics of Migration and Human Rights at the University of Palermo. Her studies focus on human rights, migration, critical theory of the State, institutional racism, epistemic violence, subalternity, social inclusion, and experimental pedagogy. She established “Polipolis,” a wide experimental educational program for unaccompanied minors, and on that occasion she began collaborating with “Stories in Transit,” a program led by Marina Warner. She co-founded Giocherenda, a collective of young migrants who invent and animate cooperative games. Her English publications include Legal Clinics in Europe: For a Commitment of Higher Education in Social Justice (Diritto &amp;amp; Questioni Pubbliche, 2016) and Chile Revolts: From the Uprisings toward the Constitutional Process (Accademia University Press, 2022).&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Marina Warner writes fiction, criticism, and cultural history. Her award-winning books explore myths, symbols, and fairy tales, including From the Beast to the Blonde: On Fairy Tales and Their Tellers (Farrar Straus &amp;amp; Giroux, 1994) and Stranger Magic: Charmed States &amp;amp; the Arabian Nights (Chatto &amp;amp; Windus, 2011). She has published five novels and three collections of short stories, and her essays on literature and art have been collected in Signs &amp;amp; Wonders: Essays on Literature and Culture (Chatto &amp;amp; Windus, 2003) and Forms of Enchantment: Writings on Art and Artists (Thames &amp;amp; Hudson, 2018). Recent publications include Temporale (Sylph Editions, 2023) and Sanctuary: Ways of Telling, Ways of Dwelling (HarperCollins, 2025). She contributes regularly to the New York Review of Books and the London Review of Books. She is Professor of English and Creative Writing at Birkbeck College, a Distinguished Fellow of All Souls College, University of Oxford, and a Fellow of the British Academy. In 2015, she was awarded the Holberg Prize in the Arts and Humanities.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Valentina Castagna is Associate Professor of English Literature at the University of Palermo. She is a member of the Unipa Research Centre “Migrare” (Migration), CIR. Since 2015 she has worked with Marina Warner on the international project Stories in Transit in the UK and Italy. She has published books and articles in the field of Women’s Studies and contemporary fiction and on medieval works such as The Book of Margery Kempe, focusing on contemporary rewriting of myths and popular culture, and on life writing.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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            <TitleText language="eng">“Sea of Hope”</TitleText>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Nadina Christopoulou is cofounder and Director of Melissa Network in Greece. Her research work focuses on diaspora narratives, migration, and childhood, as well as migrant women’s solidarity networks. On the basis of that research, together with migrant women leaders in Greece, she co-founded Melissa Network in 2014, an award-winning organization with women members from over forty-five countries. She has also been working on the creation of a visual and narrative archive of the migration spiral that Greece has experienced in the past century, hoping one day to turn it into a museum of movements.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;A.E. Stallings is a US-born poet, translator, and critic who lives in Athens. Her most recent poetry volume is a selection of poems, This Afterlife: Selected Poems (Carcanet Press, 2022). Her most recent book of verse translation is an illustrated version of the pseudo-Homeric The Battle Between the Frogs and the Mice (Paul Dry Books, 2019). She is the recipient of numerous grants, fellowships, and prizes, including a Guggenheim and a MacArthur fellowship. Since 2015, she has been running a poetry workshop with refugee women at the Melissa Network for Migrant Women in Athens. She was elected the forty-seventh Oxford Professor of Poetry in 2023.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Curating Migration</TitleText>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Aditi Anand is Artistic Director of the Migration Museum, and is a creative producer and curator working within the arts and nonprofit sectors. Previously, she produced and managed a multimedia education project in India that is currently being implemented in over a thousand schools, and was communications lead for India’s largest media for social change initiative. She has also worked in New York with the Museum of the Moving Image and with the interactive design firm, Local Projects.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Sue McAlpine has found herself in museums for most of her working life, starting at the Museum of London in education when it first moved to the city in 1976. She set up an education service at Gunnersbury Park Museum, worked as an oral historian and community curator in Notting Hill, and then worked as exhibitions curator at Hackney Museum, connecting closely with the community. Her most favorite place has been the Migration Museum, collaborating with people from all over the world, making exhibitions from personal testimonies, highlighting the stories of migration to and from the UK. Sue’s latest project has been supporting art students from the Ukraine, proving that art and performance are more resilient than war and violence.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Clair Wills is King Edward VII Professor of English Literature at the University of Cambridge. She has written on Irish migration to post-war Britain in The Best Are Leaving: Emigration and Post-War Irish Culture (Cambridge University Press, 2015), and on post-colonial and European migration in the wake of the Second World War in Lovers and Strangers: An Immigrant History of Post-War Britain (Allen Lane, 2017).&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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            <TitleText language="eng">“Don’t Wash Your Hands”</TitleText>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Issam Kourbaj comes from a background of fine art, architecture, and theater design. He was born in Syria and trained at the Institute of Fine Arts in Damascus, at the Repin Institute of Fine Arts &amp;amp; Architecture in St Petersburg, and at the Wimbledon School of Art. He has lived in Cambridge, UK, since 1990, where he has been artist-in-residence, bye-fellow, and lector in art, at Christ’s College. His works have been featured at museums around the world, including Fitzwilliam Museum, Museum of Classical Archaeology, and Kettle’s Yard House and Gallery; Penn Museum; British Museum and Victoria &amp;amp; Albert Museum; Brooklyn Museum; Tropenmuseum; and the Venice Biennale.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Simon Goldhill is Professor of Greek at the University of Cambridge and Foreign Secretary and Vice-President of the British Academy. His most recent books are The Christian Invention of Time: Temporality and the Literature of Late Antiquity (Cambridge University Press, 2022) and What Is a Jewish Classicist? Essays on the Personal Voice and Disciplinary Politics (Bloomsbury Academic, 2022). He has worked closely with the Council for At-Risk Academics (CARA), and with the charity Refugees at Home.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <PersonName>Subha Mukherji</PersonName>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Subha Mukherji is Professor of Early Modern Literature and Culture at the University of Cambridge. Her research interests and publications range across Renaissance English literature, early modern law and drama, form and faith, literary epistemologies, migration, and contemporary Indian art.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Regina M. Schwartz is Professor of Early Modern Literature, Religious Thought, and Law at Northwestern University. She is the author of Remembering and Repeating: On Milton’s Theology and Poetics (University of Chicago Press 1993), The Curse of Cain: the Violent Legacy of Monotheism (University of Chicago Press, 1997), Sacramental Poetics at the Dawn of Secularism: When God Left the World (Stanford University Press, 2008), and Loving Justice, Living Shakespeare (Oxford University Press, 2017). She has also edited Transcendence: Philosophy, Literature, and Theology Approach the Beyond (Routledge, 2004) and Toward a Sacramental Poetics (University of Notre Dame Press, 2021, with Patrick J. McGrath).&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Rowan Williams taught Theology in Oxford, Cambridge, Bristol, and Yale. From 2002 to 2012 he was Archbishop of Canterbury, and from 2012 to 2020 Master of Magdalene College, Cambridge. He has published widely on religion, literature, and politics, and was Chair of the development charity Christian Aid for eight years. He now lives in Wales, and is Chair of the Peace Academy/Academi Heddwch. Recent books include Justice and Love: A Philosophical Dialogue (Bloomsbury Academic, 2020, with Mary Zournazi) and Collected Poems (Carcanet Press, 2021).&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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            <TitleText language="eng">In the Fertile Land</TitleText>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Gabriel Josipovici is the author of over twenty novels and books of short stories and ten critical books, including The World and the Book: A Study of Modern Fiction (Stanford University Press, 1971), The Book of God: A Response to the Bible (Yale University Press, 1986), and What Ever Happened to Modernism? (Yale University Press, 2011). His plays for stage and radio have been widely performed.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;A.E. Stallings is a US-born poet, translator, and critic who lives in Athens. Her most recent poetry volume is a selection of poems, This Afterlife: Selected Poems (Carcanet Press, 2022). Her most recent book of verse translation is an illustrated version of the pseudo-Homeric The Battle Between the Frogs and the Mice (Paul Dry Books, 2019). She is the recipient of numerous grants, fellowships, and prizes, including a Guggenheim and a MacArthur fellowship. Since 2015, she has been running a poetry workshop with refugee women at the Melissa Network for Migrant Women in Athens. She was elected the forty-seventh Oxford Professor of Poetry in 2023.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Rachel Spence is a poet and arts writer based in the United Kingdom and Italy. Her most recent poetry collection is Daughter of the Sun (The Emma Press, 2025). In 2023, she published Venice Unclocked (Ivorypress, 2022), a literary meditation on time in Venice in collaboration with the Venetian photographer Giacomo Cosua. Her nonfiction book Battle for the Museum (Hurst, 2024), which explores the relationship between art, power, and money, was a Financial Times Book of the Year.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Yousif M. Qasmiyeh is a scholar, poet, and translator. He is the Joint-Lead of the Baddawi Camp Lab, as part of the Imagining Futures GCRF-Network+ project, and was Writer-in-Residence for the AHRC-funded Refugee Hosts project. His essays, poetry, and translations have appeared in Modern Poetry in Translation, Critical Quarterly, GeoHumanities, Cambridge Literary Review, PN Review, Stand, New England Review, and Poetry London. His collection, Writing the Camp (Broken Sleep Books, 2021), was a 2021 Poetry Book Society Recommendation and was selected as one of the Best Poetry Books of 2021 by the Telegraph and The Irish Times, highly commended by the 2021 Forward Prizes for Poetry, and shortlisted for the 2022 Royal Society of Literature Ondaatje Prize. His latest books are Eating the Archive (Broken Sleep Books, 2023) and The Southern Eye: Co-Seeing Displacements (Broken Sleep Books, 2024).&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Amit Chaudhuri is the author of eight novels, the latest of which is Sojourn (New York Review Books, 2022). His first major work of non-fiction, Calcutta: Two Years in the City, was published by Knopf in 2013. His second work of non-fiction, Finding the Raga (New York Review Books, 2021), a critical meditation on North Indian classical music and his discovery of, and relationship with, this tradition won the James Tait Black Prize for Biography in 2022.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Subha Mukherji is Professor of Early Modern Literature and Culture at the University of Cambridge. Her research interests and publications range across Renaissance English literature, early modern law and drama, form and faith, literary epistemologies, migration, and contemporary Indian art.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;T.M. Krishna is one of the preeminent vocalists in the rigorous Karnatic tradition of India’s classical music. As a public intellectual, Krishna speaks and writes about issues affecting the human condition and about cultural matters. His book Sebastian and Sons (Context, 2020) received the Tata Lit Live Award for the Best Non-Fiction book. His musical productions and collaborations include the Chennai Poromboke Paadal with environmentalist Nityanand Jayaraman; performances with the Jogappas, transgender musicians; and co-conceptualizing and performing Karnatik Kattaikuttu. In 2016 Krishna received the prestigious Ramon Magsaysay Award in recognition of “his forceful commitment as artist and advocate to art’s power to heal India’s deep social divisions.” In 2017 he received the Indira Gandhi Award for National Integration, and in 2019 he received the Swathi Sangeetha Puraskaram, the highest honor for musicians, instituted by the Kerala State Government.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Susan Stockwell is an established international artist working across sculpture, installation, and film. Her practice is concerned with examining social and colonial histories and engaging with questions of social justice, trade, cultural mapping, and feminism. Susan is best known for her site-specific installations and dress sculptures that have been exhibited widely, including: Tropenmuseum, Amsterdam (2022); Museum of London (2021); Royal Shakespeare Company (2015); TATE Modern (2013); the Katonah Museum of Art, New York (2012); and the Victoria and Albert Museum (V&amp;amp;A) London (2010, 2005, 2001). Her work is held in international collections including The House of European History, Brussels; Tropenmuseum, Amsterdam; Black Rock Investments, Yale Centre for British Art, USA; and the University of Bedfordshire and V&amp;amp;A Museum London.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Claudia Roden was born in Cairo. She came to London to study art and stayed on when her family had to leave Egypt after the Suez crisis in 1956. Drawn to the subject of food through a desire to evoke a lost heritage, she continued to write cookbooks with a special interest in the social, cultural, and historical background of food. She has written about the cooking of the Middle East, North Africa, the Mediterranean, Italy, and Spain, and about Jewish food. In 2022 she was awarded a CBE for her services to culinary culture. In 2023 she was awarded an honorary doctorate from the University of London.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Faraj Alnasser was born in Aleppo where he grew up in a large family. He survived a gruelling journey through Europe before finding a home in the UK. Arriving at the age of nineteen with no education, no English skills, and no relatives, Faraj persevered and overcame three years of homelessness. In 2016 he was matched with a Jewish family who not only hosted him, but supported him and sent him to school to learn English. He found his second home, and peace, with them. His longing for his hometown, family, and grandmother led him to discover the healing power of food and its connection to memories and aroma. Faraj’s passion for cooking led him to win a scholarship at a prestigious cookery school in London and train at Ottolenghi. Today, he owns a small business called Faraj’s Kitchen, delivering vegan and vegetarian home-cooked Syrian food.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Faraj Alnasser was born in Aleppo where he grew up in a large family. He survived a gruelling journey through Europe before finding a home in the UK. Arriving at the age of nineteen with no education, no English skills, and no relatives, Faraj persevered and overcame three years of homelessness. In 2016 he was matched with a Jewish family who not only hosted him, but supported him and sent him to school to learn English. He found his second home, and peace, with them. His longing for his hometown, family, and grandmother led him to discover the healing power of food and its connection to memories and aroma. Faraj’s passion for cooking led him to win a scholarship at a prestigious cookery school in London and train at Ottolenghi. Today, he owns a small business called Faraj’s Kitchen, delivering vegan and vegetarian home-cooked Syrian food.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <PersonName>Dragana Jurišić</PersonName>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Jonathan Gil Harris is Professor of English and Founding Dean at Ashoka University and the author of The First Firangis (Aleph Books, 2015) and Masala Shakespeare (Aleph Books, 2018), as well as many books on early modern culture, ideas of the foreign, and globalization, including Foreign Bodies and the Body Politic: Discourses of Social Pathology in Early Modern England (Cambridge University Press, 1998); Sick Economies: Drama, Mercantilism and Disease in Shakespeare’s England (University of Pennsylvania Press, 2004); Untimely Matter in the Time of Shakespeare (University of Pennsylvania Press, 2008); and Marvellous Repossessions: Globalisation, The Tempest, and the Waking Dream of Paradise (Ronsdale, 2012).&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Yousif M. Qasmiyeh is a scholar, poet, and translator. He is the Joint-Lead of the Baddawi Camp Lab, as part of the Imagining Futures GCRF-Network+ project, and was Writer-in-Residence for the AHRC-funded Refugee Hosts project. His essays, poetry, and translations have appeared in Modern Poetry in Translation, Critical Quarterly, GeoHumanities, Cambridge Literary Review, PN Review, Stand, New England Review, and Poetry London. His collection, Writing the Camp (Broken Sleep Books, 2021), was a 2021 Poetry Book Society Recommendation and was selected as one of the Best Poetry Books of 2021 by the Telegraph and The Irish Times, highly commended by the 2021 Forward Prizes for Poetry, and shortlisted for the 2022 Royal Society of Literature Ondaatje Prize. His latest books are Eating the Archive (Broken Sleep Books, 2023) and The Southern Eye: Co-Seeing Displacements (Broken Sleep Books, 2024).&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Natalya Din-Kariuki is Associate Professor in the Department of English and Comparative Literary Studies at the University of Warwick, where she works on the literary and intellectual history of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, with a particular focus on travel writing, transnational and transcultural encounters, and rhetoric and poetics. Her work has appeared in journals including the Review of English Studies, Huntington Library Quarterly, and Textual Practice.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Saifoudiny (Dine) Diallo was born in Guinea and lives in Palermo, Italy, where he founded the association for social promotion Giocherenda with other young people from different countries. He is a HIP ambassador for Philip Zimbardo’s Heroic Imagination Project and, as president of Giocherenda, he collaborates with Marina Warner for the Stories in Transit project. He is co-protagonist of Gabriele Gravagna’s documentary film Io sono qui (2017).&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Crossings: Migrant Knowledges, Migrant Forms brings together activists, artists, scholars, and migrants with diverse histories to explore what the experience of migration does with, and to, knowledge, and how its own ways of knowing find expressive form. As the volume’s authors think about physical and imaginative crossings, and the traversals and transactions of knowledge they entail, the book itself crosses and complicates disciplinary and formal boundaries and the barriers between critical and creative intervention. Crucially, it brings together voices and forms emerging out of the experience of dislocation with responses to the encounters it generates.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The volume’s discussions begin in the early modern world, and move freely across periods to dwell on the urgent experience of migrancy in our own times, while also responding to an urgent need to connect the local with the global experience of migrant knowledge and migrant aesthetics. Crossings stakes the claim that creative art, backed by humanities-based thinking, can meet the imaginative and ethical demands that the unknowable reality of mass displacement places on us, in a way that governments, institutions, and public discourse have calamitously failed to do. But aesthetic practice itself needs to be re-positioned if it is to rise to these political and human challenges, negotiating the points of friction between its own predilections and the matter of migration.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Crossings offers “migrant forms” – art about migration, objects from migrant life shaped into artifacts, and migrant self-expressions – as the means of this imaginative re-orientation, and a tool for activating a radical alternative to economic models of social benefit. Crossings takes its place in an emergent ecology of migrant forms, both speaking to and participating in that ecology.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Olga Demetriou is a social anthropologist and Associate Professor at the Durham Global Security Institute, Durham University. She has written on displacement and borders, and the exclusions created in places mired by legacies of conflict. She is currently working on European refugee regimes and how they produce marginal orders of protection through law (complementary protection), politics (access to citizenship), and space (locations of first reception).&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Clelia Bartoli is Professor of Sociology of Law, Politics of Migration and Human Rights at the University of Palermo. Her studies focus on human rights, migration, critical theory of the State, institutional racism, epistemic violence, subalternity, social inclusion, and experimental pedagogy. She established “Polipolis,” a wide experimental educational program for unaccompanied minors, and on that occasion she began collaborating with “Stories in Transit,” a program led by Marina Warner. She co-founded Giocherenda, a collective of young migrants who invent and animate cooperative games. Her English publications include Legal Clinics in Europe: For a Commitment of Higher Education in Social Justice (Diritto &amp;amp; Questioni Pubbliche, 2016) and Chile Revolts: From the Uprisings toward the Constitutional Process (Accademia University Press, 2022).&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Marina Warner writes fiction, criticism, and cultural history. Her award-winning books explore myths, symbols, and fairy tales, including From the Beast to the Blonde: On Fairy Tales and Their Tellers (Farrar Straus &amp;amp; Giroux, 1994) and Stranger Magic: Charmed States &amp;amp; the Arabian Nights (Chatto &amp;amp; Windus, 2011). She has published five novels and three collections of short stories, and her essays on literature and art have been collected in Signs &amp;amp; Wonders: Essays on Literature and Culture (Chatto &amp;amp; Windus, 2003) and Forms of Enchantment: Writings on Art and Artists (Thames &amp;amp; Hudson, 2018). Recent publications include Temporale (Sylph Editions, 2023) and Sanctuary: Ways of Telling, Ways of Dwelling (HarperCollins, 2025). She contributes regularly to the New York Review of Books and the London Review of Books. She is Professor of English and Creative Writing at Birkbeck College, a Distinguished Fellow of All Souls College, University of Oxford, and a Fellow of the British Academy. In 2015, she was awarded the Holberg Prize in the Arts and Humanities.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Valentina Castagna is Associate Professor of English Literature at the University of Palermo. She is a member of the Unipa Research Centre “Migrare” (Migration), CIR. Since 2015 she has worked with Marina Warner on the international project Stories in Transit in the UK and Italy. She has published books and articles in the field of Women’s Studies and contemporary fiction and on medieval works such as The Book of Margery Kempe, focusing on contemporary rewriting of myths and popular culture, and on life writing.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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            <TitleText language="eng">“Sea of Hope”</TitleText>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Nadina Christopoulou is cofounder and Director of Melissa Network in Greece. Her research work focuses on diaspora narratives, migration, and childhood, as well as migrant women’s solidarity networks. On the basis of that research, together with migrant women leaders in Greece, she co-founded Melissa Network in 2014, an award-winning organization with women members from over forty-five countries. She has also been working on the creation of a visual and narrative archive of the migration spiral that Greece has experienced in the past century, hoping one day to turn it into a museum of movements.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;A.E. Stallings is a US-born poet, translator, and critic who lives in Athens. Her most recent poetry volume is a selection of poems, This Afterlife: Selected Poems (Carcanet Press, 2022). Her most recent book of verse translation is an illustrated version of the pseudo-Homeric The Battle Between the Frogs and the Mice (Paul Dry Books, 2019). She is the recipient of numerous grants, fellowships, and prizes, including a Guggenheim and a MacArthur fellowship. Since 2015, she has been running a poetry workshop with refugee women at the Melissa Network for Migrant Women in Athens. She was elected the forty-seventh Oxford Professor of Poetry in 2023.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Curating Migration</TitleText>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Aditi Anand is Artistic Director of the Migration Museum, and is a creative producer and curator working within the arts and nonprofit sectors. Previously, she produced and managed a multimedia education project in India that is currently being implemented in over a thousand schools, and was communications lead for India’s largest media for social change initiative. She has also worked in New York with the Museum of the Moving Image and with the interactive design firm, Local Projects.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Sue McAlpine has found herself in museums for most of her working life, starting at the Museum of London in education when it first moved to the city in 1976. She set up an education service at Gunnersbury Park Museum, worked as an oral historian and community curator in Notting Hill, and then worked as exhibitions curator at Hackney Museum, connecting closely with the community. Her most favorite place has been the Migration Museum, collaborating with people from all over the world, making exhibitions from personal testimonies, highlighting the stories of migration to and from the UK. Sue’s latest project has been supporting art students from the Ukraine, proving that art and performance are more resilient than war and violence.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Clair Wills is King Edward VII Professor of English Literature at the University of Cambridge. She has written on Irish migration to post-war Britain in The Best Are Leaving: Emigration and Post-War Irish Culture (Cambridge University Press, 2015), and on post-colonial and European migration in the wake of the Second World War in Lovers and Strangers: An Immigrant History of Post-War Britain (Allen Lane, 2017).&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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            <TitleText language="eng">“Don’t Wash Your Hands”</TitleText>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Issam Kourbaj comes from a background of fine art, architecture, and theater design. He was born in Syria and trained at the Institute of Fine Arts in Damascus, at the Repin Institute of Fine Arts &amp;amp; Architecture in St Petersburg, and at the Wimbledon School of Art. He has lived in Cambridge, UK, since 1990, where he has been artist-in-residence, bye-fellow, and lector in art, at Christ’s College. His works have been featured at museums around the world, including Fitzwilliam Museum, Museum of Classical Archaeology, and Kettle’s Yard House and Gallery; Penn Museum; British Museum and Victoria &amp;amp; Albert Museum; Brooklyn Museum; Tropenmuseum; and the Venice Biennale.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <PersonName>Simon Goldhill</PersonName>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Simon Goldhill is Professor of Greek at the University of Cambridge and Foreign Secretary and Vice-President of the British Academy. His most recent books are The Christian Invention of Time: Temporality and the Literature of Late Antiquity (Cambridge University Press, 2022) and What Is a Jewish Classicist? Essays on the Personal Voice and Disciplinary Politics (Bloomsbury Academic, 2022). He has worked closely with the Council for At-Risk Academics (CARA), and with the charity Refugees at Home.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <PersonName>Subha Mukherji</PersonName>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Subha Mukherji is Professor of Early Modern Literature and Culture at the University of Cambridge. Her research interests and publications range across Renaissance English literature, early modern law and drama, form and faith, literary epistemologies, migration, and contemporary Indian art.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Regina M. Schwartz is Professor of Early Modern Literature, Religious Thought, and Law at Northwestern University. She is the author of Remembering and Repeating: On Milton’s Theology and Poetics (University of Chicago Press 1993), The Curse of Cain: the Violent Legacy of Monotheism (University of Chicago Press, 1997), Sacramental Poetics at the Dawn of Secularism: When God Left the World (Stanford University Press, 2008), and Loving Justice, Living Shakespeare (Oxford University Press, 2017). She has also edited Transcendence: Philosophy, Literature, and Theology Approach the Beyond (Routledge, 2004) and Toward a Sacramental Poetics (University of Notre Dame Press, 2021, with Patrick J. McGrath).&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Rowan Williams taught Theology in Oxford, Cambridge, Bristol, and Yale. From 2002 to 2012 he was Archbishop of Canterbury, and from 2012 to 2020 Master of Magdalene College, Cambridge. He has published widely on religion, literature, and politics, and was Chair of the development charity Christian Aid for eight years. He now lives in Wales, and is Chair of the Peace Academy/Academi Heddwch. Recent books include Justice and Love: A Philosophical Dialogue (Bloomsbury Academic, 2020, with Mary Zournazi) and Collected Poems (Carcanet Press, 2021).&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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            <TitleText language="eng">In the Fertile Land</TitleText>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Gabriel Josipovici is the author of over twenty novels and books of short stories and ten critical books, including The World and the Book: A Study of Modern Fiction (Stanford University Press, 1971), The Book of God: A Response to the Bible (Yale University Press, 1986), and What Ever Happened to Modernism? (Yale University Press, 2011). His plays for stage and radio have been widely performed.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;A.E. Stallings is a US-born poet, translator, and critic who lives in Athens. Her most recent poetry volume is a selection of poems, This Afterlife: Selected Poems (Carcanet Press, 2022). Her most recent book of verse translation is an illustrated version of the pseudo-Homeric The Battle Between the Frogs and the Mice (Paul Dry Books, 2019). She is the recipient of numerous grants, fellowships, and prizes, including a Guggenheim and a MacArthur fellowship. Since 2015, she has been running a poetry workshop with refugee women at the Melissa Network for Migrant Women in Athens. She was elected the forty-seventh Oxford Professor of Poetry in 2023.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Yousif M. Qasmiyeh is a scholar, poet, and translator. He is the Joint-Lead of the Baddawi Camp Lab, as part of the Imagining Futures GCRF-Network+ project, and was Writer-in-Residence for the AHRC-funded Refugee Hosts project. His essays, poetry, and translations have appeared in Modern Poetry in Translation, Critical Quarterly, GeoHumanities, Cambridge Literary Review, PN Review, Stand, New England Review, and Poetry London. His collection, Writing the Camp (Broken Sleep Books, 2021), was a 2021 Poetry Book Society Recommendation and was selected as one of the Best Poetry Books of 2021 by the Telegraph and The Irish Times, highly commended by the 2021 Forward Prizes for Poetry, and shortlisted for the 2022 Royal Society of Literature Ondaatje Prize. His latest books are Eating the Archive (Broken Sleep Books, 2023) and The Southern Eye: Co-Seeing Displacements (Broken Sleep Books, 2024).&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Amit Chaudhuri is the author of eight novels, the latest of which is Sojourn (New York Review Books, 2022). His first major work of non-fiction, Calcutta: Two Years in the City, was published by Knopf in 2013. His second work of non-fiction, Finding the Raga (New York Review Books, 2021), a critical meditation on North Indian classical music and his discovery of, and relationship with, this tradition won the James Tait Black Prize for Biography in 2022.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Subha Mukherji is Professor of Early Modern Literature and Culture at the University of Cambridge. Her research interests and publications range across Renaissance English literature, early modern law and drama, form and faith, literary epistemologies, migration, and contemporary Indian art.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;T.M. Krishna is one of the preeminent vocalists in the rigorous Karnatic tradition of India’s classical music. As a public intellectual, Krishna speaks and writes about issues affecting the human condition and about cultural matters. His book Sebastian and Sons (Context, 2020) received the Tata Lit Live Award for the Best Non-Fiction book. His musical productions and collaborations include the Chennai Poromboke Paadal with environmentalist Nityanand Jayaraman; performances with the Jogappas, transgender musicians; and co-conceptualizing and performing Karnatik Kattaikuttu. In 2016 Krishna received the prestigious Ramon Magsaysay Award in recognition of “his forceful commitment as artist and advocate to art’s power to heal India’s deep social divisions.” In 2017 he received the Indira Gandhi Award for National Integration, and in 2019 he received the Swathi Sangeetha Puraskaram, the highest honor for musicians, instituted by the Kerala State Government.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Susan Stockwell is an established international artist working across sculpture, installation, and film. Her practice is concerned with examining social and colonial histories and engaging with questions of social justice, trade, cultural mapping, and feminism. Susan is best known for her site-specific installations and dress sculptures that have been exhibited widely, including: Tropenmuseum, Amsterdam (2022); Museum of London (2021); Royal Shakespeare Company (2015); TATE Modern (2013); the Katonah Museum of Art, New York (2012); and the Victoria and Albert Museum (V&amp;amp;A) London (2010, 2005, 2001). Her work is held in international collections including The House of European History, Brussels; Tropenmuseum, Amsterdam; Black Rock Investments, Yale Centre for British Art, USA; and the University of Bedfordshire and V&amp;amp;A Museum London.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Claudia Roden was born in Cairo. She came to London to study art and stayed on when her family had to leave Egypt after the Suez crisis in 1956. Drawn to the subject of food through a desire to evoke a lost heritage, she continued to write cookbooks with a special interest in the social, cultural, and historical background of food. She has written about the cooking of the Middle East, North Africa, the Mediterranean, Italy, and Spain, and about Jewish food. In 2022 she was awarded a CBE for her services to culinary culture. In 2023 she was awarded an honorary doctorate from the University of London.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Faraj Alnasser was born in Aleppo where he grew up in a large family. He survived a gruelling journey through Europe before finding a home in the UK. Arriving at the age of nineteen with no education, no English skills, and no relatives, Faraj persevered and overcame three years of homelessness. In 2016 he was matched with a Jewish family who not only hosted him, but supported him and sent him to school to learn English. He found his second home, and peace, with them. His longing for his hometown, family, and grandmother led him to discover the healing power of food and its connection to memories and aroma. Faraj’s passion for cooking led him to win a scholarship at a prestigious cookery school in London and train at Ottolenghi. Today, he owns a small business called Faraj’s Kitchen, delivering vegan and vegetarian home-cooked Syrian food.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <PersonName>Dragana Jurišić</PersonName>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Jonathan Gil Harris is Professor of English and Founding Dean at Ashoka University and the author of The First Firangis (Aleph Books, 2015) and Masala Shakespeare (Aleph Books, 2018), as well as many books on early modern culture, ideas of the foreign, and globalization, including Foreign Bodies and the Body Politic: Discourses of Social Pathology in Early Modern England (Cambridge University Press, 1998); Sick Economies: Drama, Mercantilism and Disease in Shakespeare’s England (University of Pennsylvania Press, 2004); Untimely Matter in the Time of Shakespeare (University of Pennsylvania Press, 2008); and Marvellous Repossessions: Globalisation, The Tempest, and the Waking Dream of Paradise (Ronsdale, 2012).&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Yousif M. Qasmiyeh is a scholar, poet, and translator. He is the Joint-Lead of the Baddawi Camp Lab, as part of the Imagining Futures GCRF-Network+ project, and was Writer-in-Residence for the AHRC-funded Refugee Hosts project. His essays, poetry, and translations have appeared in Modern Poetry in Translation, Critical Quarterly, GeoHumanities, Cambridge Literary Review, PN Review, Stand, New England Review, and Poetry London. His collection, Writing the Camp (Broken Sleep Books, 2021), was a 2021 Poetry Book Society Recommendation and was selected as one of the Best Poetry Books of 2021 by the Telegraph and The Irish Times, highly commended by the 2021 Forward Prizes for Poetry, and shortlisted for the 2022 Royal Society of Literature Ondaatje Prize. His latest books are Eating the Archive (Broken Sleep Books, 2023) and The Southern Eye: Co-Seeing Displacements (Broken Sleep Books, 2024).&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Issam Kourbaj comes from a background of fine art, architecture, and theater design. He was born in Syria and trained at the Institute of Fine Arts in Damascus, at the Repin Institute of Fine Arts &amp;amp; Architecture in St Petersburg, and at the Wimbledon School of Art. He has lived in Cambridge, UK, since 1990, where he has been artist-in-residence, bye-fellow, and lector in art, at Christ’s College. His works have been featured at museums around the world, including Fitzwilliam Museum, Museum of Classical Archaeology, and Kettle’s Yard House and Gallery; Penn Museum; British Museum and Victoria &amp;amp; Albert Museum; Brooklyn Museum; Tropenmuseum; and the Venice Biennale.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Natalya Din-Kariuki is Associate Professor in the Department of English and Comparative Literary Studies at the University of Warwick, where she works on the literary and intellectual history of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, with a particular focus on travel writing, transnational and transcultural encounters, and rhetoric and poetics. Her work has appeared in journals including the Review of English Studies, Huntington Library Quarterly, and Textual Practice.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Saifoudiny (Dine) Diallo was born in Guinea and lives in Palermo, Italy, where he founded the association for social promotion Giocherenda with other young people from different countries. He is a HIP ambassador for Philip Zimbardo’s Heroic Imagination Project and, as president of Giocherenda, he collaborates with Marina Warner for the Stories in Transit project. He is co-protagonist of Gabriele Gravagna’s documentary film Io sono qui (2017).&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Natalya Din-Kariuki is Associate Professor in the Department of English and Comparative Literary Studies at the University of Warwick, where she works on the literary and intellectual history of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, with a particular focus on travel writing, transnational and transcultural encounters, and rhetoric and poetics. Her work has appeared in journals including the Review of English Studies, Huntington Library Quarterly, and Textual Practice.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Subha Mukherji is Professor of Early Modern Literature and Culture at the University of Cambridge. Her research interests and publications range across Renaissance English literature, early modern law and drama, form and faith, literary epistemologies, migration, and contemporary Indian art.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Rowan Williams taught Theology in Oxford, Cambridge, Bristol, and Yale. From 2002 to 2012 he was Archbishop of Canterbury, and from 2012 to 2020 Master of Magdalene College, Cambridge. He has published widely on religion, literature, and politics, and was Chair of the development charity Christian Aid for eight years. He now lives in Wales, and is Chair of the Peace Academy/Academi Heddwch. Recent books include Justice and Love: A Philosophical Dialogue (Bloomsbury Academic, 2020, with Mary Zournazi) and Collected Poems (Carcanet Press, 2021).&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Although widely beloved for its playfulness and comic sensibility, Chaucer’s poetry is also subtly shot through with dark moments that open into obscure and irresolvably haunting vistas, passages into which one might fall head-first and never reach the abyssal bottom, scenes and events where everything could possibly go horribly wrong or where everything that matters seems, if even momentarily, altogether and irretrievably lost. And then sometimes, things really do go wrong. Opting to dilate rather than cordon off this darkness, this volume assembles a variety of attempts to follow such moments into their folds of blackness and horror, to chart their endless sorrows and recursive gloom, and to take depth soundings in the darker recesses of the Chaucerian lakes in order to bring back palm- or bite-sized pieces (black jewels) of bitter Chaucer that could be shared with others . . . an “assortment,” if you will. Not that this collection finds only emptiness and non-meaning in these caves and lakes. You never know what you will discover in the dark.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Although widely beloved for its playfulness and comic sensibility, Chaucer’s poetry is also subtly shot through with dark moments that open into obscure and irresolvably haunting vistas, passages into which one might fall head-first and never reach the abyssal bottom, scenes and events where everything could possibly go horribly wrong or where everything that matters seems, if even momentarily, altogether and irretrievably lost. And then sometimes, things really do go wrong. Opting to dilate rather than cordon off this darkness, this volume assembles a variety of attempts to follow such moments into their folds of blackness and horror, to chart their endless sorrows and recursive gloom, and to take depth soundings in the darker recesses of the Chaucerian lakes in order to bring back palm- or bite-sized pieces (black jewels) of bitter Chaucer that could be shared with others . . . an “assortment,” if you will. Not that this collection finds only emptiness and non-meaning in these caves and lakes. You never know what you will discover in the dark.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;blackening,  like  a  corpse-reanimate,  lost  in  nights  of  stars  of heaven’s  sick  white  light.  And  there  are  hilts  wired  to  the widening  grip  of  bleached  palms,  the  edges  remaining  white beneath  a  spill  of  blood  carved  black.  And  each  love  and loveless seed of rot is white, leeching lignin and degrading and decolorizing all past worlds of woods of tar-black trees rooted in  some  foreign  shame.  And  though  the  fox  of  this  wood  is black  and  the  cabbages  white  in  which  it  lays,  there  is  no peroxide in the throat that trolls the art of stories of old things.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;On   the   northern   edge   of   the   Boston   Commons,   at   the intersection of its Freedom Trail and its Black Heritage Trail, stands   a   life-sized   relief   commemorating   Colonel   Robert Gould Shaw. While tour buses pause at the adjacent red light, microphoned  guides  repeat  what  walkers  can  read  from  the posted   information:   the   white   Colonel   Shaw   led   the   all-African-American Massachusetts 54th Regiment, the first of its kind, into the Civil War. Among the hundreds of thousands of men who served and died in the American Civil War, Shaw is singled  out,  not  because  he  fought  and  not  because  he  died, but  because  he  granted  military  legitimacy  to  the  brigade  of African-American  troops  who  were  otherwise  not  allowed  to fight  in  their  own  cause.  Augustus  Saint-Gauden’s  monu-mental  bronze  centers  Colonel  Shaw  on  horseback,  with  his regiment  members  preceding  and  following.  Although  these men  walking  with  the  hero  were  cast  with  facial  features identifying  them  as  African-American,  their  skin  color  is indistinguishable  from  the  military  leader’s  because  his  is darkened  to  the  same  hue  by  the  bronze.  In  effect,  Saint-Gaudens’  memorial  does  what  no  war  and no  legislation  has been  able  to  do:  erase  the  color  difference,  not  by  making  all the men white but by making all the men dark.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;On   the   northern   edge   of   the   Boston   Commons,   at   the intersection of its Freedom Trail and its Black Heritage Trail, stands   a   life-sized   relief   commemorating   Colonel   Robert Gould Shaw. While tour buses pause at the adjacent red light, microphoned  guides  repeat  what  walkers  can  read  from  the posted   information:   the   white   Colonel   Shaw   led   the   all-African-American Massachusetts 54th Regiment, the first of its kind, into the Civil War. Among the hundreds of thousands of men who served and died in the American Civil War, Shaw is singled  out,  not  because  he  fought  and  not  because  he  died, but  because  he  granted  military  legitimacy  to  the  brigade  of African-American  troops  who  were  otherwise  not  allowed  to fight  in  their  own  cause.  Augustus  Saint-Gauden’s  monu-mental  bronze  centers  Colonel  Shaw  on  horseback,  with  his regiment  members  preceding  and  following.  Although  these men  walking  with  the  hero  were  cast  with  facial  features identifying  them  as  African-American,  their  skin  color  is indistinguishable  from  the  military  leader’s  because  his  is darkened  to  the  same  hue  by  the  bronze.  In  effect,  Saint-Gaudens’  memorial  does  what  no  war  and no  legislation  has been  able  to  do:  erase  the  color  difference,  not  by  making  all the men white but by making all the men dark.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Saturn's Darkness</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Brantley Bryant</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;If  we’re  thinking  of  a  dark  Chaucer,  Saturn’s  speech  in  the Knight’s Tale comes quickly to mind (I.2453–2478). Although pop  culture  misguidedly  loves The  Canterbury  Tales best  for its fart jokes, the appearance of the old, pale god in the first of the  pilgrim  stories  shows  that  Chaucer  can  get  very  dark indeed. Saturn’s darkness, this essay will argue, should remind scholars  of  Chaucer  to  be  attentive  to  our  own  ineradicable darknesses. We should see our moments of collapse and chaos not  just  as  unfortunate  circumstances  to  be  acknowledged (though  that  is  needed  desperately)  but  also  as  “ways  in”  to the most vital and distinctive aspects of our discipline.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;If  we’re  thinking  of  a  dark  Chaucer,  Saturn’s  speech  in  the Knight’s Tale comes quickly to mind (I.2453–2478). Although pop  culture  misguidedly  loves The  Canterbury  Tales best  for its fart jokes, the appearance of the old, pale god in the first of the  pilgrim  stories  shows  that  Chaucer  can  get  very  dark indeed. Saturn’s darkness, this essay will argue, should remind scholars  of  Chaucer  to  be  attentive  to  our  own  ineradicable darknesses. We should see our moments of collapse and chaos not  just  as  unfortunate  circumstances  to  be  acknowledged (though  that  is  needed  desperately)  but  also  as  “ways  in”  to the most vital and distinctive aspects of our discipline.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">A Dark Stain and a Non-Encounter</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Ruth Evans</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>Saint Louis University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;I  want  to  write  about  Alcyone’s  dream  because  it’s  fascinated me  for  so  long,  but  the  pages  of  my  Riverside  Chaucer  won’t stay open at The Book of the Duchess, so I bend back the spine and put my left palm down firmly on the gutter, but it’s as if the book  is  resisting  my  desire  to  read,  which  annoys  me  because I’m  excited  to  work  out  why  I  find  her  dream  so  dark.  I  know that the trigger will be certain enigmatic words that tease me or some other text that swims into my head as I’m reading. I don’t know  exactly  what  that  will  be,  though  I  remember  that  the word   “derk”   is   there   in   the   poem   somewhere.   Now   I’m skimming the opening lines, trying to take it in slowly, how the dark   dream   is   introduced,   but   my eye   is   racing   ahead, anticipating  “derk,”  and  although  I  want  this  experience  to  be frictionless,  I’m  stopping  and  starting,  trying  to  find  a  rhythm for my reading, seizing at words and images and dropping them or  busily  storing  them  for  future  recall,  and  then  there  it  is! Morpheus’s  cave  is  “derk  as  helle-pit.”  I  slow  down.  Here’s  the dream. It’s as odd as I remember it.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;I  want  to  write  about  Alcyone’s  dream  because  it’s  fascinated me  for  so  long,  but  the  pages  of  my  Riverside  Chaucer  won’t stay open at The Book of the Duchess, so I bend back the spine and put my left palm down firmly on the gutter, but it’s as if the book  is  resisting  my  desire  to  read,  which  annoys  me  because I’m  excited  to  work  out  why  I  find  her  dream  so  dark.  I  know that the trigger will be certain enigmatic words that tease me or some other text that swims into my head as I’m reading. I don’t know  exactly  what  that  will  be,  though  I  remember  that  the word   “derk”   is   there   in   the   poem   somewhere.   Now   I’m skimming the opening lines, trying to take it in slowly, how the dark   dream   is   introduced,   but   my eye   is   racing   ahead, anticipating  “derk,”  and  although  I  want  this  experience  to  be frictionless,  I’m  stopping  and  starting,  trying  to  find  a  rhythm for my reading, seizing at words and images and dropping them or  busily  storing  them  for  future  recall,  and  then  there  it  is! Morpheus’s  cave  is  “derk  as  helle-pit.”  I  slow  down.  Here’s  the dream. It’s as odd as I remember it.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Chaucerian Afterlives</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Reception and Eschatology</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Gaelan Gilbert</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>University of Victoria</Affiliation>
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            <Affiliation>Hellenic College Holy Cross Greek Orthodox School of Theology</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The  claim  of  this essai  is  that Chaucer  is  eschatological.  I  use this   rather   specific   term   first   in   order   to   indicate   the apocalyptic    aspect    of    Chaucer’s    late-medieval    theological context of the four last things (eschata) — death, judgment, hell and  heaven —  and  secondly  to  illumine  a  dynamic  of  textual dispossession   at   work   in   Chaucer’s   anticipations   of   reader response,  and  of  his  and  his  texts’  interconnected  ‘afterlives.’ These  dense  formulations  will  require  some  unpacking,  but  at this point it suffices to say that an orientation to the prospect of future  evaluation  conditions  in  advance  the  “dark”  moments explored below.Any discussion of eschatology seems for us moderns (even modern medievalists) to be something of a dark topic, and in at least two ways. One is the popular darkness associated with divine  judgment,  an  anxiety  nowadays  often  stripped  of  any theological   reference   whatsoever.   Another   sense   is   that analogous to the Pauline “we see now in a mirror but darkly,” or videmus  nunc  per  speculum  in  enigmate  (1  Cor.  13:12), simply  the  fact  that  we  cannot  see  beyond  the  mortal  bounds of  this  life,  except  obscurely  in  figures.  And  that  kind  of obscurity makes the prospect of judgment sometimes hard to bear.  The Cloud-author  alludes  to  our  limits  in  just  these terms:For when I sey derknes, I mene a lackyng of knowyng; as  alle  thing  that  thou  knowest  not,  or  elles  that  thou hast  forgetyn,  it  is  derk  to  thee,  for  thou  seest  it  not with thi goostly ighe. And for this skile it is not clepid a cloude  of  the  eire,  bot  a  cloude  of  unknowyng,  that  is bitwix thee and thi God.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The  claim  of  this essai  is  that Chaucer  is  eschatological.  I  use this   rather   specific   term   first   in   order   to   indicate   the apocalyptic    aspect    of    Chaucer’s    late-medieval    theological context of the four last things (eschata) — death, judgment, hell and  heaven —  and  secondly  to  illumine  a  dynamic  of  textual dispossession   at   work   in   Chaucer’s   anticipations   of   reader response,  and  of  his  and  his  texts’  interconnected  ‘afterlives.’ These  dense  formulations  will  require  some  unpacking,  but  at this point it suffices to say that an orientation to the prospect of future  evaluation  conditions  in  advance  the  “dark”  moments explored below.Any discussion of eschatology seems for us moderns (even modern medievalists) to be something of a dark topic, and in at least two ways. One is the popular darkness associated with divine  judgment,  an  anxiety  nowadays  often  stripped  of  any theological   reference   whatsoever.   Another   sense   is   that analogous to the Pauline “we see now in a mirror but darkly,” or videmus  nunc  per  speculum  in  enigmate  (1  Cor.  13:12), simply  the  fact  that  we  cannot  see  beyond  the  mortal  bounds of  this  life,  except  obscurely  in  figures.  And  that  kind  of obscurity makes the prospect of judgment sometimes hard to bear.  The Cloud-author  alludes  to  our  limits  in  just  these terms:For when I sey derknes, I mene a lackyng of knowyng; as  alle  thing  that  thou  knowest  not,  or  elles  that  thou hast  forgetyn,  it  is  derk  to  thee,  for  thou  seest  it  not with thi goostly ighe. And for this skile it is not clepid a cloude  of  the  eire,  bot  a  cloude  of  unknowyng,  that  is bitwix thee and thi God.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Black Gold</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">The Former (and Future) Age</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Leigh Harrison</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Despite   their   pretense   of   explaining   beginnings,   creation myths  often  if  not  always  have  ends  in  mind —  a  fact  that certainly  holds  true  for  Chaucer’s  “Former  Age.”  On  the  face of it, the poem is onlya creation myth: its verse tells the story of  human  community  at  its  origins,  of  a  freer  life  (with  only “good   feith   the   empeirice”   [55])1 before   complex   estate hierarchies and the State. Its few stanzas have all the look and feel of a sad song whose melody the centuries have worn away, with all the misty revelation of prehistoric “folk” impulse that the “ballad” label still inevitably implies. This obscurity of age in turn lends the poem its own rusty darkness, over and above the  darkness  of  loss  that  its  narrative  claims  (however  dimly) to  recover  and  bring  to  light.  Most  readers,  including  me, encounter  “The  Former  Age”  mainly  as  a  poem  cataloging and expressing — simply about — great loss.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Despite   their   pretense   of   explaining   beginnings,   creation myths  often  if  not  always  have  ends  in  mind —  a  fact  that certainly  holds  true  for  Chaucer’s  “Former  Age.”  On  the  face of it, the poem is onlya creation myth: its verse tells the story of  human  community  at  its  origins,  of  a  freer  life  (with  only “good   feith   the   empeirice”   [55])1 before   complex   estate hierarchies and the State. Its few stanzas have all the look and feel of a sad song whose melody the centuries have worn away, with all the misty revelation of prehistoric “folk” impulse that the “ballad” label still inevitably implies. This obscurity of age in turn lends the poem its own rusty darkness, over and above the  darkness  of  loss  that  its  narrative  claims  (however  dimly) to  recover  and  bring  to  light.  Most  readers,  including  me, encounter  “The  Former  Age”  mainly  as  a  poem  cataloging and expressing — simply about — great loss.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Half Dead</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Parsing Cecelia</Subtitle>
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            <Affiliation>Brooklyn College</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;St.  Cecilia’s  botched  beheading in  Chaucer’s Second  Nun’s Tale    masterfully    sculpts    the    conundrum    of    life/death liminality  into  a  horrific  three-day  dilation  of  the  moment  of martyrdom,   opening   the   decollative   blow   that   typically coincides  with  receiving  its  crown  into  a  series  of  unfinished neck-cuts.  Pinched  between  the  cruelty  of  the  headsman’s impotence,  the  idiotic  inflexibility  of  the  law,  and  her  own sacred durability, Cecilia embodies the paradoxical idea of an unending,    asymptotically    inconclusive    decapitation,    an infinite  series  of  beheading  blows  that  never  severs  the  head. Her  hacked  neck  fuses  into  one  form  the  two  principles  it figurally  evokes:  the  unbeheadability  of  the  body  of  God  —“illius  enim  capita  membra  sumus.  Non  potest  hoc  corpus decollari”  [“We  are  limbs  of  that  head.  This  body  cannot  be decapitated”]2    —    and the    semi-living    nature    of    fallen humanity, as signified through medieval allegorical interpretation  of  the  traveler  who  is  attacked  by  robbers  on the  road  from  Jerusalem  to  Jericho  and  left  “half  alive/half dead”  [semivivus, emithane]  (Luke  10:30).  The  unity  of  this form is equivalent to the differential non-difference (half alive =  half  dead)  between  the  Greek  and  Latin  terms.  The  three-fold   opening   intensively   multiplies   the   “zero   degree   of torture”3 into a single tertium quid that is indifferently beyond the distinction between life and death. Being half dead, Cecilia is  ultimately  alive.  Being  half  alive,  Cecilia  is  ultimately  dead. Dwelling in the hyper-intimacy of extreme dereliction, Cecilia is   a   lacerated,   ever-dilating   theopathic   icon   of   divinity’s absolute     indifference     to     life     and     death,     its     being superessentially  beyond  both.  Her  three-day  rest  from  both, during  which  she  simultaneously  does  nothing  and  works  all the  more  fervently,  exemplifies  the  “passivity  and  absence  of effort . . . in which divine transcendence is dissolved.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;St.  Cecilia’s  botched  beheading in  Chaucer’s Second  Nun’s Tale    masterfully    sculpts    the    conundrum    of    life/death liminality  into  a  horrific  three-day  dilation  of  the  moment  of martyrdom,   opening   the   decollative   blow   that   typically coincides  with  receiving  its  crown  into  a  series  of  unfinished neck-cuts.  Pinched  between  the  cruelty  of  the  headsman’s impotence,  the  idiotic  inflexibility  of  the  law,  and  her  own sacred durability, Cecilia embodies the paradoxical idea of an unending,    asymptotically    inconclusive    decapitation,    an infinite  series  of  beheading  blows  that  never  severs  the  head. Her  hacked  neck  fuses  into  one  form  the  two  principles  it figurally  evokes:  the  unbeheadability  of  the  body  of  God  —“illius  enim  capita  membra  sumus.  Non  potest  hoc  corpus decollari”  [“We  are  limbs  of  that  head.  This  body  cannot  be decapitated”]2    —    and the    semi-living    nature    of    fallen humanity, as signified through medieval allegorical interpretation  of  the  traveler  who  is  attacked  by  robbers  on the  road  from  Jerusalem  to  Jericho  and  left  “half  alive/half dead”  [semivivus, emithane]  (Luke  10:30).  The  unity  of  this form is equivalent to the differential non-difference (half alive =  half  dead)  between  the  Greek  and  Latin  terms.  The  three-fold   opening   intensively   multiplies   the   “zero   degree   of torture”3 into a single tertium quid that is indifferently beyond the distinction between life and death. Being half dead, Cecilia is  ultimately  alive.  Being  half  alive,  Cecilia  is  ultimately  dead. Dwelling in the hyper-intimacy of extreme dereliction, Cecilia is   a   lacerated,   ever-dilating   theopathic   icon   of   divinity’s absolute     indifference     to     life     and     death,     its     being superessentially  beyond  both.  Her  three-day  rest  from  both, during  which  she  simultaneously  does  nothing  and  works  all the  more  fervently,  exemplifies  the  “passivity  and  absence  of effort . . . in which divine transcendence is dissolved.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <PersonName>Masciandaro, Nicola</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">In the Event of the Franklin's Tale</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>J. Allan Mitchell</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>University of Victoria</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;There is no truth to delimit in the event. Events come, if ever they   arrive,   to   designate   fields   of pure possibility   and emergent   futurity.    Consider   one   old   tale   of   “diverse aventures” (V.710), Chaucer’s Franklin’s Tale.1  Somewhere in Brittany, Dorigen is happily married to the knight Arveragus, having  recently  pledged  her  undying  love.  “Have  heer  my trouthe — til that myn herte breste” (V.759). Soon he goes on an  expedition  abroad.  Dorigen  watches  ships  come  to  port in the  hopes  that  one  will  return  her  husband safely,  and  she is tormented by thoughts of his foundering. Dorigen cultivates a “derke  fantasye”  (V.844),  meditating  on  the  hazards  of  a seascape  that consists  of  “grisly  rokkes blake”  (V.859)  just offshore. They   are   menacing   and   apparently   meaningless obstacles to her happiness. She cannot shake bleak thoughts of a   possible   fatality,   despite   friends’   comforting   words   and pleasant    distractions. Then    something    unexpected    does happen. At a dance, the amorous squire Aurelius propositions Dorigen, begging her mercy. She rejects his advances, tactfully couching her  reply in  terms  that  are  described  as  playful:  shesays   she will   yield to   Aurelius only   if he removes   thedangerous  rocks that  threaten  her  beloved  husband.  “Have heer my trouthe, in al that evere I kan” (V.998). It would seem impossible.  But Dorigen’s  so-called  rash  promise  to  Aureliusis   a   fateful   utterance   carried   away   by    further    events, accompanied by  a  powerful  sense  of  foreboding,  setting  in motion so   many   impossibilities. Dorigen   and   expectantreaders  of  the  tale  subsequently  drift  towards  a  future of  still more improbable events.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;There is no truth to delimit in the event. Events come, if ever they   arrive,   to   designate   fields   of pure possibility   and emergent   futurity.    Consider   one   old   tale   of   “diverse aventures” (V.710), Chaucer’s Franklin’s Tale.1  Somewhere in Brittany, Dorigen is happily married to the knight Arveragus, having  recently  pledged  her  undying  love.  “Have  heer  my trouthe — til that myn herte breste” (V.759). Soon he goes on an  expedition  abroad.  Dorigen  watches  ships  come  to  port in the  hopes  that  one  will  return  her  husband safely,  and  she is tormented by thoughts of his foundering. Dorigen cultivates a “derke  fantasye”  (V.844),  meditating  on  the  hazards  of  a seascape  that consists  of  “grisly  rokkes blake”  (V.859)  just offshore. They   are   menacing   and   apparently   meaningless obstacles to her happiness. She cannot shake bleak thoughts of a   possible   fatality,   despite   friends’   comforting   words   and pleasant    distractions. Then    something    unexpected    does happen. At a dance, the amorous squire Aurelius propositions Dorigen, begging her mercy. She rejects his advances, tactfully couching her  reply in  terms  that  are  described  as  playful:  shesays   she will   yield to   Aurelius only   if he removes   thedangerous  rocks that  threaten  her  beloved  husband.  “Have heer my trouthe, in al that evere I kan” (V.998). It would seem impossible.  But Dorigen’s  so-called  rash  promise  to  Aureliusis   a   fateful   utterance   carried   away   by    further    events, accompanied by  a  powerful  sense  of  foreboding,  setting  in motion so   many   impossibilities. Dorigen   and   expectantreaders  of  the  tale  subsequently  drift  towards  a  future of  still more improbable events.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Mitchell, J. Allan</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Black as the Crow</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Travis Neel</PersonName>
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          <PersonName>Andrew Richmond</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Perched among the many birds in the Parliament of Foules sits “the  crowe  with  vois  of  care”  (364).1  The  crow  receives  no space to speak in Geoffrey Chaucer’s Valentine’s Day poem —a grim reminder perhaps of the circumstances under which he received  his  sad  voice  and  scorched  appearance.  In  Chaucer’s hands it is a different, perhaps darker, story than the one told by   Ted   Hughes.   The   crow   does   not   launch   himself   into blackness  through  a  jealousy  contest;  rather  he  becomes  but one  victim  at  the  hands  of  a  jealous  and  wrathful  master.  As Chaucer’s  Manciple  tells  the  story,  the  crow  had  once  been  a white  bird  with  a  beautiful  voice.  Phoebus  Apollo  had  taught the crow how to speak like a human, and when this crow sang, “Therwith  in  al  this  world  no  nyghtyngale/  Ne  koude,  by  an hondred thousand deel, / Syngen so wonder myrily and weel” (IX.136–139).    But    the    crow’s    status    within    Phoebus’s household  does  not  last  long  in  the Manciple’s  Tale.  Having witnessed    Phoebus’s    wife    with    her beloved,    the    crow immediately  declares  the  wife’s  unfaithfulness  to  Phoebus  —and Pheobus’ resulting identity as a cuckold — with the song, “Cokkow! Cokkow! Cokkow!” (IX.243). Phoebus turns his ire and   sorrow   towards   his   wife   and   his   minstrelsy   before addressing the crow as a traitor. To quite the crow of his false tale  (IX.293),  Phoebus  strips  him  of  his  song,  deplumes  his white feathers, and casts him out of his home.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Perched among the many birds in the Parliament of Foules sits “the  crowe  with  vois  of  care”  (364).1  The  crow  receives  no space to speak in Geoffrey Chaucer’s Valentine’s Day poem —a grim reminder perhaps of the circumstances under which he received  his  sad  voice  and  scorched  appearance.  In  Chaucer’s hands it is a different, perhaps darker, story than the one told by   Ted   Hughes.   The   crow   does   not   launch   himself   into blackness  through  a  jealousy  contest;  rather  he  becomes  but one  victim  at  the  hands  of  a  jealous  and  wrathful  master.  As Chaucer’s  Manciple  tells  the  story,  the  crow  had  once  been  a white  bird  with  a  beautiful  voice.  Phoebus  Apollo  had  taught the crow how to speak like a human, and when this crow sang, “Therwith  in  al  this  world  no  nyghtyngale/  Ne  koude,  by  an hondred thousand deel, / Syngen so wonder myrily and weel” (IX.136–139).    But    the    crow’s    status    within    Phoebus’s household  does  not  last  long  in  the Manciple’s  Tale.  Having witnessed    Phoebus’s    wife    with    her beloved,    the    crow immediately  declares  the  wife’s  unfaithfulness  to  Phoebus  —and Pheobus’ resulting identity as a cuckold — with the song, “Cokkow! Cokkow! Cokkow!” (IX.243). Phoebus turns his ire and   sorrow   towards   his   wife   and   his   minstrelsy   before addressing the crow as a traitor. To quite the crow of his false tale  (IX.293),  Phoebus  strips  him  of  his  song,  deplumes  his white feathers, and casts him out of his home.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Neel, Travis</PersonName>
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            <PersonName>Richmond, Andrew</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Unravelling Constance</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Hannah Priest</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;She came from the sea, mazed, amazed —masen  —confused, bewildered,   senseless.   Deceived,   deranged,   crazed.   They stopped  and  asked  her  who  she  was.  When  they  stopped  and asked  her  who  she  was,  she  said  she  did  not  know.  She  said she  was  so  mazed  in  the  sea,  that  she  forgot  her  mind. Her mind —mynde   —   seat   of   memory,   faculty   of   memory, individual remembrance. Reason, understanding. Will, desire, purpose.   She   forgot   her   mind,   when   she   lost   herself. Constance   forgets   Constance.   Constance   is   lost.   Distress teaches  us  to  be  inventive,  says  the  nightingale,  but  blank Constance does not invent. Once,   she   was   Constance.   Syrian   chapmen   found   her   in Rome,  among  the  other  things,  specially.  The  chapmen  took their  cloths  of  gold,  their  satins  rich  of  hew,  their  chaffare  so thrifty  and  new,  and  returned  with  tales  of  Constance.  Their chaffare   —   anything   of   virtue,   something   desirable.   An exchange,  a  bargain,  a  deal. So  thrifty —  well-made,  seemly, suitable.  Golden,  rich  of  hew,  so  thrifty  and  so  new,  they returned   with   tales   of   Constance.   The   chapmen   went   to market.  Take  the  cloth  and sell  the  cloth,  take  the  goods  and sell  the  goods.  The  smooth  trade  in  luxury  prevails  over  gods and  geography.  Facilitate  allegiance  in  the  market.  Chapmen exchange satin for Dame Constance.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;She came from the sea, mazed, amazed —masen  —confused, bewildered,   senseless.   Deceived,   deranged,   crazed.   They stopped  and  asked  her  who  she  was.  When  they  stopped  and asked  her  who  she  was,  she  said  she  did  not  know.  She  said she  was  so  mazed  in  the  sea,  that  she  forgot  her  mind. Her mind —mynde   —   seat   of   memory,   faculty   of   memory, individual remembrance. Reason, understanding. Will, desire, purpose.   She   forgot   her   mind,   when   she   lost   herself. Constance   forgets   Constance.   Constance   is   lost.   Distress teaches  us  to  be  inventive,  says  the  nightingale,  but  blank Constance does not invent. Once,   she   was   Constance.   Syrian   chapmen   found   her   in Rome,  among  the  other  things,  specially.  The  chapmen  took their  cloths  of  gold,  their  satins  rich  of  hew,  their  chaffare  so thrifty  and  new,  and  returned  with  tales  of  Constance.  Their chaffare   —   anything   of   virtue,   something   desirable.   An exchange,  a  bargain,  a  deal. So  thrifty —  well-made,  seemly, suitable.  Golden,  rich  of  hew,  so  thrifty  and  so  new,  they returned   with   tales   of   Constance.   The   chapmen   went   to market.  Take  the  cloth  and sell  the  cloth,  take  the  goods  and sell  the  goods.  The  smooth  trade  in  luxury  prevails  over  gods and  geography.  Facilitate  allegiance  in  the  market.  Chapmen exchange satin for Dame Constance.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <ContentAudience>00</ContentAudience>
          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Priest, Hannah</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">L'O de V</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">A Palimpsest</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Lisa Schamess</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;For  centuries  she  didn’t  speak  at  all,  the  girl  Virginia.The silent   girl   who   finally   speaks   tells   the   story.   Submission, omission,    commission,    submersion,    subversion,    inversion, corruption,  coercion.  Defilement,  denial,  the  child,  the  trial,  fil, fille,  vile,  ville,  filial  bonds, bondage, twisted positions and impositions,    text    and    subtext    and    context    and    cuntext. Penetration,   vellum,   hide,   marks,   pens,   wounds,   piercings, cuttings, severings, maidenheads, giving head, what’s inside our heads  that  is  left  unsaid,  what  cannot  be  said  being  said,  the sinkhole  in  a  prison  bed,  the  outburst  of  consent  and  the pressure  of  speech,  the  hand  holding  the  pencil  raced  over  the paper without the least concern for the hour or the light. The girl  was  writing  the  way  you  speak  in  the  dark  to  the  person you love when you’ve held back the words of love too long and they    flow    at    last2,    hysteria    catatonia    silence    asceticism abasement  how  a  woman  throws  herself  is  thrown  hurls  herself is hurled cuts herself is cut how there is an O in the center of the monastery  and  in  the  rear  of  the  prison  the  text  is  inscribed, marked,  stripped,  cut,  scraped, erased,  reinscribed,  corrected, raped,  rapt,  wrapped3 and how this story is old, begins with a snake’s  mouth  and  ends  in  a  bit  of  tale  served  up  by  a  woman, an  O,  once  a  V,  an  A(nne),  an  A(ury),  a  Pauline  nun  from  the bawdy  papers,  a  Reagent.  The  Autre.  The  Autre4 Translation transgression transubstantiation, trasumanar5, tongues, longing, language,  sources,  apocrypha  apostasy  outtakes  originals  pens and   penetration,   comments,   commas,   parents,   parentheses, prisons,  patrimony,  patronage,  the  mouth,  the  eye,  the  os,  the ass, the orifice, the vacuole, the caesura, the fissure, the seizure, the   rapture, ravissement,   stripping   away,   strips   of   skin, laceration,  O  in  the  middle,  jouissance,6 O behind, the iron O on  the  finger,  the  steel  O  in  the  labia,  the  monsters  inside  us: The Three-Legged Man, The Headless Woman . . .  we forget to remember  and  remember  to  forget a story of giving credit and revoking  credit  of  not  knowing  half  the  time  to  whom  to  give credit.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;For  centuries  she  didn’t  speak  at  all,  the  girl  Virginia.The silent   girl   who   finally   speaks   tells   the   story.   Submission, omission,    commission,    submersion,    subversion,    inversion, corruption,  coercion.  Defilement,  denial,  the  child,  the  trial,  fil, fille,  vile,  ville,  filial  bonds, bondage, twisted positions and impositions,    text    and    subtext    and    context    and    cuntext. Penetration,   vellum,   hide,   marks,   pens,   wounds,   piercings, cuttings, severings, maidenheads, giving head, what’s inside our heads  that  is  left  unsaid,  what  cannot  be  said  being  said,  the sinkhole  in  a  prison  bed,  the  outburst  of  consent  and  the pressure  of  speech,  the  hand  holding  the  pencil  raced  over  the paper without the least concern for the hour or the light. The girl  was  writing  the  way  you  speak  in  the  dark  to  the  person you love when you’ve held back the words of love too long and they    flow    at    last2,    hysteria    catatonia    silence    asceticism abasement  how  a  woman  throws  herself  is  thrown  hurls  herself is hurled cuts herself is cut how there is an O in the center of the monastery  and  in  the  rear  of  the  prison  the  text  is  inscribed, marked,  stripped,  cut,  scraped, erased,  reinscribed,  corrected, raped,  rapt,  wrapped3 and how this story is old, begins with a snake’s  mouth  and  ends  in  a  bit  of  tale  served  up  by  a  woman, an  O,  once  a  V,  an  A(nne),  an  A(ury),  a  Pauline  nun  from  the bawdy  papers,  a  Reagent.  The  Autre.  The  Autre4 Translation transgression transubstantiation, trasumanar5, tongues, longing, language,  sources,  apocrypha  apostasy  outtakes  originals  pens and   penetration,   comments,   commas,   parents,   parentheses, prisons,  patrimony,  patronage,  the  mouth,  the  eye,  the  os,  the ass, the orifice, the vacuole, the caesura, the fissure, the seizure, the   rapture, ravissement,   stripping   away,   strips   of   skin, laceration,  O  in  the  middle,  jouissance,6 O behind, the iron O on  the  finger,  the  steel  O  in  the  labia,  the  monsters  inside  us: The Three-Legged Man, The Headless Woman . . .  we forget to remember  and  remember  to  forget a story of giving credit and revoking  credit  of  not  knowing  half  the  time  to  whom  to  give credit.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Disconsolate Art</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Myra Seaman</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Art  without  consolation  would,  it  seems,  be  fatally  deficient. Art’s   distinctive   identity,   central   to   a   humanist   aesthetic, emanates  from  its supposedly singular  capacity  to  transcend: where  humanists  are  menaced  by  meaninglessness,  art  offers significance; where humanists lament loss, art reveals timeless truth  and  enduring  beauty;  where  humanists  sense  absence, art promises presence. Humanist art consoles the living about the dead and the losses they signify. It affirms the extension of (human)   life   into   the   realms   of   the   lifeless.   Read   (as   it customarily  is)  with  such  expectations,  Chaucer’s Book  of  the Duchess becomes an artistic experiment in which the death of John  of  Gaunt’s  wife  provides  Chaucer  the  matter  through which to transcend the boundaries of human life  and,  in  that act, create art. But  not  so  fast.  Humanist  traditions  prepare  readers  for such   a   result,   and   yet   this   narrative   continuously   avoids granting  it.  Instead,  the  poem  actively  “refuses  to  re-figure loss  as  transcendence.”1  It  requires  that  we  proclaim,  along with its proverbially obtuse narrator, that “She is dead!” and,  in  the  process,  it  “insist[s]  on  the  irreducibility  of  certain limits.”3  Absence,  loss,  and  the  threat  of  meaninglessness  all endure.   The   poem’s   many   irresolvable   ambiguities —   its narrator’s  mysterious  and  unnatural  illness,  its  melancholic modifications   that   transform   Ovid’s   story   of   Ceyx (for Chaucer,   Seys)   and   Alcyone   into   tragedy,   its   hyperbolic miscommunication  between  grieving knight  and  inquisitive dreamer —  linger.  In  deliberately  refusing  transformation  or transcendence,    the    poem    enacts    what    I would    call    a disconsolate  poetics,  in  which  pain  and  suffering  perdure,  in which darkness obscures the light.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Art  without  consolation  would,  it  seems,  be  fatally  deficient. Art’s   distinctive   identity,   central   to   a   humanist   aesthetic, emanates  from  its supposedly singular  capacity  to  transcend: where  humanists  are  menaced  by  meaninglessness,  art  offers significance; where humanists lament loss, art reveals timeless truth  and  enduring  beauty;  where  humanists  sense  absence, art promises presence. Humanist art consoles the living about the dead and the losses they signify. It affirms the extension of (human)   life   into   the   realms   of   the   lifeless.   Read   (as   it customarily  is)  with  such  expectations,  Chaucer’s Book  of  the Duchess becomes an artistic experiment in which the death of John  of  Gaunt’s  wife  provides  Chaucer  the  matter  through which to transcend the boundaries of human life  and,  in  that act, create art. But  not  so  fast.  Humanist  traditions  prepare  readers  for such   a   result,   and   yet   this   narrative   continuously   avoids granting  it.  Instead,  the  poem  actively  “refuses  to  re-figure loss  as  transcendence.”1  It  requires  that  we  proclaim,  along with its proverbially obtuse narrator, that “She is dead!” and,  in  the  process,  it  “insist[s]  on  the  irreducibility  of  certain limits.”3  Absence,  loss,  and  the  threat  of  meaninglessness  all endure.   The   poem’s   many   irresolvable   ambiguities —   its narrator’s  mysterious  and  unnatural  illness,  its  melancholic modifications   that   transform   Ovid’s   story   of   Ceyx (for Chaucer,   Seys)   and   Alcyone   into   tragedy,   its   hyperbolic miscommunication  between  grieving knight  and  inquisitive dreamer —  linger.  In  deliberately  refusing  transformation  or transcendence,    the    poem    enacts    what    I would    call    a disconsolate  poetics,  in  which  pain  and  suffering  perdure,  in which darkness obscures the light.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Kill Me, Save Me, Let Me Go</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Custance, Virginia, Emelye</Subtitle>
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            <Affiliation>Brooklyn College</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The  inevitability  of  bad Fama worries  a  few  of  Chaucer’s heroines.  Cresseid  and  Dido  prefer  that  their  shame  not  be spread  about,  while  the  Wife  of  Bath  prefers  to  seize  the means of narrative production.1 Each worries about what will be   said   about   her;   each   justifies   her   actions; but   none recognizes  that,  as  a  literary  character,  she  could  not  have done other than she did. This  is  where  Custance,  Virginia,  and  Emelye  differ.  It  is the difference between saying, “I wish you wouldn't talk about me  this  way”  and  saying,  instead,  “why  are  you  doing  this  to me?”  or,  more  precisely,  “Why  are  you  making  me  do  this?” For   each   one   knows,   if   only   for   a   moment,   that   the responsibility  for  what  happens  to  her  and  through  her  lies elsewhere.   Each   experiences   the   precise   opposite   of   self-awareness,    for    each    momentarily    struggles    against    the narrative  before  realizing  herself  to  be not a  self  but  rather someone  else's  creature,  destined  to  be  rewarded  or  to  suffer regardless   of   what   she   does,   destined   to   be   made   to   be satisfied   with   what   happens,   destined   to   be   exemplary whether she wants to or not, because she comes to know that her   wants   are   not   her   own.   At   once   constituted   and dispossessed by her tale, each implicitly repeats one of Žižek’s favorite  maxims,  Deleuze’s  “si  vous  êtes  pris  dans  le rêve  de l’autre,  vous  êtes  foutu”2  [“if  you're  caught  in  the dream  of another, you're fucked”]. One seeks death; another wants to be something  other  than  a  creature  of  her  father;  and  the  last tries to  exempt  herself  from  the  tale’s  political  reconciliation. None  gets  what  she  wants:  one  forced  to  live,  one  to  die,  one to  love,  each  gets  just  enough  awareness  of  being  in  their stories to know that they want out. Then the door slams shut.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The  inevitability  of  bad Fama worries  a  few  of  Chaucer’s heroines.  Cresseid  and  Dido  prefer  that  their  shame  not  be spread  about,  while  the  Wife  of  Bath  prefers  to  seize  the means of narrative production.1 Each worries about what will be   said   about   her;   each   justifies   her   actions; but   none recognizes  that,  as  a  literary  character,  she  could  not  have done other than she did. This  is  where  Custance,  Virginia,  and  Emelye  differ.  It  is the difference between saying, “I wish you wouldn't talk about me  this  way”  and  saying,  instead,  “why  are  you  doing  this  to me?”  or,  more  precisely,  “Why  are  you  making  me  do  this?” For   each   one   knows,   if   only   for   a   moment,   that   the responsibility  for  what  happens  to  her  and  through  her  lies elsewhere.   Each   experiences   the   precise   opposite   of   self-awareness,    for    each    momentarily    struggles    against    the narrative  before  realizing  herself  to  be not a  self  but  rather someone  else's  creature,  destined  to  be  rewarded  or  to  suffer regardless   of   what   she   does,   destined   to   be   made   to   be satisfied   with   what   happens,   destined   to   be   exemplary whether she wants to or not, because she comes to know that her   wants   are   not   her   own.   At   once   constituted   and dispossessed by her tale, each implicitly repeats one of Žižek’s favorite  maxims,  Deleuze’s  “si  vous  êtes  pris  dans  le rêve  de l’autre,  vous  êtes  foutu”2  [“if  you're  caught  in  the dream  of another, you're fucked”]. One seeks death; another wants to be something  other  than  a  creature  of  her  father;  and  the  last tries to  exempt  herself  from  the  tale’s  political  reconciliation. None  gets  what  she  wants:  one  forced  to  live,  one  to  die,  one to  love,  each  gets  just  enough  awareness  of  being  in  their stories to know that they want out. Then the door slams shut.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">The Physician's Tale as Hagioclasm</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Elaine Treharne</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Adroit scholarly interpretation of the Physician’s Taleover the last half century has sought to rehabilitate what is perceived as one   of   Chaucer’s   least   satisfactory   tales.   Arguments   have focused   on   the   correlation   of   teller   and   tale;   Chaucer’s manipulation of his sources; and the foregrounding of various key  aspects  of  the  tale,  such  as  governance,  virginity  or  the legal  system.  In  seeking  to  round  off  the Tale,  to  give  it cohesion  and  moral  purpose,  for  example,  Kirk  L.  Smith concludes   his   discussion   about   the   judicial   and   medical elements  with  the  opinion  that “The  tale  offers  this  moral cure:  abjuring  the  exploitation  in  which  self-absorbed  Apius indulges,  the  worthy  practitioner  would  earn  the  public’s esteem   by   pledging   disinterested   service.”   Similarly,   in Jerome Mandel’s view, the careful structure of the Tale and its emphasis on death can be paralleled with The Pardoner’s Tale, with  which  it  is  paired  in  Fragment  VI.  Crafton’s  recent judicious  appraisal  focuses  on  shared  concerns  between  the Parson’s   Tale   and   the Physician’s   created   by   the   use   of preaching motifs, the Summa virtutem remediis animeand the theme  of  “false  virginity.”  Other  critics  have  highlighted  the use of hagiographic topoi in the Tale. In Lee Patterson’s clever and  insightful Chaucer  and  the  Subject  of  History,  he  judges the Tale  as aspiring to “hagiographical authority,”  as  a “quasi hagiography”  in  which  the  heroine,  Virginia,  is  a  “helpless victim,”   subordinated   to   her   persecutors’   narrative   domi-nance.  “In  short,”  states  Patterson,  the Physician’s  Tale  “is  a fraudulent  or  ‘counterfeit’  hagiography  .  .  . unable  to  trans-cend its own fallen historicity.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Adroit scholarly interpretation of the Physician’s Taleover the last half century has sought to rehabilitate what is perceived as one   of   Chaucer’s   least   satisfactory   tales.   Arguments   have focused   on   the   correlation   of   teller   and   tale;   Chaucer’s manipulation of his sources; and the foregrounding of various key  aspects  of  the  tale,  such  as  governance,  virginity  or  the legal  system.  In  seeking  to  round  off  the Tale,  to  give  it cohesion  and  moral  purpose,  for  example,  Kirk  L.  Smith concludes   his   discussion   about   the   judicial   and   medical elements  with  the  opinion  that “The  tale  offers  this  moral cure:  abjuring  the  exploitation  in  which  self-absorbed  Apius indulges,  the  worthy  practitioner  would  earn  the  public’s esteem   by   pledging   disinterested   service.”   Similarly,   in Jerome Mandel’s view, the careful structure of the Tale and its emphasis on death can be paralleled with The Pardoner’s Tale, with  which  it  is  paired  in  Fragment  VI.  Crafton’s  recent judicious  appraisal  focuses  on  shared  concerns  between  the Parson’s   Tale   and   the Physician’s   created   by   the   use   of preaching motifs, the Summa virtutem remediis animeand the theme  of  “false  virginity.”  Other  critics  have  highlighted  the use of hagiographic topoi in the Tale. In Lee Patterson’s clever and  insightful Chaucer  and  the  Subject  of  History,  he  judges the Tale  as aspiring to “hagiographical authority,”  as  a “quasi hagiography”  in  which  the  heroine,  Virginia,  is  a  “helpless victim,”   subordinated   to   her   persecutors’   narrative   domi-nance.  “In  short,”  states  Patterson,  the Physician’s  Tale  “is  a fraudulent  or  ‘counterfeit’  hagiography  .  .  . unable  to  trans-cend its own fallen historicity.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">The Light Has Lifted</TitleText>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Pandare’s role in Chaucer’s Troilus and Criseyde has been one of  much  debate  among  Chaucerian  scholars  and  critics:  Is  he friend or is he foe, and what is his purpose either way? He is at once friend, foe, and I would argue, the character with whom readers  most  identify.  Readers  of Troilus  and Criseyde  realize that  they  read  to  discover  characters  exactly  like Pandare; characters  whom  he  or  she  wishes  they  could  be,  and  ones whose motives   are   sprinkled   with   hints   of   darkness   and mischief.   Pandare   represents   the   private   thoughts   in   our minds, the kind we know we cannot, and will not, act upon in the   way Pandare   has,   but   which   we   desire   to   pursue vicariously. Pandare is a charismatic trickster figure.The trickster figure is a mythical character found in almost every culture throughout history and is included by Carl Jung among  his  archetypes. The  trickster  and  its  tendencies  exist in  all  of  us;  the  degree  to  which  they  surface depends  on  the individual. Usually  a  male, tricksters can  be  identified  by many    common    traits    such    as    stubbornness,    chicanery, duplicity,  and the  ability  to  evoke  laughter. Classic  trickster characters  range  from  Prometheus,  known  as  one  of  the  first tricksters,   to Uncle   Remus’s Brer   Rabbit. The   trickster typically  preys  on  weaker  characters  and  remains  confident until  the  end.  The  story  surrounding  the  trickster  and  its result   or   lesson   is   often   used   to   satirize the   darkest conventions  of  the  culture  in  which  the  story  takes  place. Their  mischievous,  self-serving  actions  can  often  have  the trickster backtracking and succumbing to fate or fortune, and through their blunder knowledge can be gained.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Pandare’s role in Chaucer’s Troilus and Criseyde has been one of  much  debate  among  Chaucerian  scholars  and  critics:  Is  he friend or is he foe, and what is his purpose either way? He is at once friend, foe, and I would argue, the character with whom readers  most  identify.  Readers  of Troilus  and Criseyde  realize that  they  read  to  discover  characters  exactly  like Pandare; characters  whom  he  or  she  wishes  they  could  be,  and  ones whose motives   are   sprinkled   with   hints   of   darkness   and mischief.   Pandare   represents   the   private   thoughts   in   our minds, the kind we know we cannot, and will not, act upon in the   way Pandare   has,   but   which   we   desire   to   pursue vicariously. Pandare is a charismatic trickster figure.The trickster figure is a mythical character found in almost every culture throughout history and is included by Carl Jung among  his  archetypes. The  trickster  and  its  tendencies  exist in  all  of  us;  the  degree  to  which  they  surface depends  on  the individual. Usually  a  male, tricksters can  be  identified  by many    common    traits    such    as    stubbornness,    chicanery, duplicity,  and the  ability  to  evoke  laughter. Classic  trickster characters  range  from  Prometheus,  known  as  one  of  the  first tricksters,   to Uncle   Remus’s Brer   Rabbit. The   trickster typically  preys  on  weaker  characters  and  remains  confident until  the  end.  The  story  surrounding  the  trickster  and  its result   or   lesson   is   often   used   to   satirize the   darkest conventions  of  the  culture  in  which  the  story  takes  place. Their  mischievous,  self-serving  actions  can  often  have  the trickster backtracking and succumbing to fate or fortune, and through their blunder knowledge can be gained.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Suffer the Little Children, or, A Rumination on the Faith of Zombies</TitleText>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In   modern   psychological   parlance   rumination   names   a neurotic brooding, a persistent, relentless mental replaying of a bad memory. In a more medieval context  rumination  is the practice  of  “chewing  over”  a  well-known  and  constantly  re-read text to  achieve  insight  into  the  nature  of  God  and  the universe.  What  follows  here is,  in  a  way,  a cross-temporal rumination  or  (to alter  the  alimentary  metaphor  a  little)  a worrying of a text of a text that worries me.The Prioress’s   Tale’s   narrative   of   the   Litel   Clergeon’s death, partial resurrection and second death is a text that I for one  have  never  satisfactorily  digested.  The  story  is  an  (alas) familiar medieval reflex of the blood-libel: a pious young child is murdered by Jews as he walks the ghetto singing a Christian hymn. But the lurid details of this narrative replay themselves, I  expect,  in  many  a  reader’s  memory: the  slaughtered  child hidden   in   shit; the   frantic,   weeping   mother; the abbot, astounded and confounded by the miraculous discovery of the corpse; the   outraged   Christian   crowd   caught   up   in   anti-Semitic  rhetoric  and  bloody  vengeance;  and  especially,  at  the center of it all, the grotesque body of the Litel Clergeon itself. For it is not, after all, a living seven-year-old boy who sings: it is,  rather,  his  corpse that will  not  shut  up. Nor  is  that  corpse merely  moaning  or  shrieking:    that it  sings  a  hymn  like O Alma  Redemptoris  Mater,  and  might  (theoretically)  sing it forever  unless  re-murdered,  makes  the  dark  grotesquerie of he spectacle  of  this  undead  child all  the  more  pervasive. Throat  slit,  as  the Litel Clergeon  says,  “unto  my  nekke  boon”(VII.649),1 the  child’s body  serves  as  an  eloquent  witness  to the  power  of  God,  yes,  but  hardly  to  anything  like  the  mercy or love proclaimed in the hymn. For that ghastly singing body is    stuck, zombie-like, forever on the verge of dying, a victim of violence  producing future  violence and  propagating  further victims.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In   modern   psychological   parlance   rumination   names   a neurotic brooding, a persistent, relentless mental replaying of a bad memory. In a more medieval context  rumination  is the practice  of  “chewing  over”  a  well-known  and  constantly  re-read text to  achieve  insight  into  the  nature  of  God  and  the universe.  What  follows  here is,  in  a  way,  a cross-temporal rumination  or  (to alter  the  alimentary  metaphor  a  little)  a worrying of a text of a text that worries me.The Prioress’s   Tale’s   narrative   of   the   Litel   Clergeon’s death, partial resurrection and second death is a text that I for one  have  never  satisfactorily  digested.  The  story  is  an  (alas) familiar medieval reflex of the blood-libel: a pious young child is murdered by Jews as he walks the ghetto singing a Christian hymn. But the lurid details of this narrative replay themselves, I  expect,  in  many  a  reader’s  memory: the  slaughtered  child hidden   in   shit; the   frantic,   weeping   mother; the abbot, astounded and confounded by the miraculous discovery of the corpse; the   outraged   Christian   crowd   caught   up   in   anti-Semitic  rhetoric  and  bloody  vengeance;  and  especially,  at  the center of it all, the grotesque body of the Litel Clergeon itself. For it is not, after all, a living seven-year-old boy who sings: it is,  rather,  his  corpse that will  not  shut  up. Nor  is  that  corpse merely  moaning  or  shrieking:    that it  sings  a  hymn  like O Alma  Redemptoris  Mater,  and  might  (theoretically)  sing it forever  unless  re-murdered,  makes  the  dark  grotesquerie of he spectacle  of  this  undead  child all  the  more  pervasive. Throat  slit,  as  the Litel Clergeon  says,  “unto  my  nekke  boon”(VII.649),1 the  child’s body  serves  as  an  eloquent  witness  to the  power  of  God,  yes,  but  hardly  to  anything  like  the  mercy or love proclaimed in the hymn. For that ghastly singing body is    stuck, zombie-like, forever on the verge of dying, a victim of violence  producing future  violence and  propagating  further victims.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">The Dark is Light Enough</TitleText>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Sir  Thopas — Chaucer’s “rym” (VII.709) that so disappoints the   Host   —is   not   generally   discussed   in   terms   of   dark moments or abyssal themes. In fact, in its wilful and relentless ineptitude,   Chaucer’s   parody   of   the   tail-rhyme   romance represents one of the most sustained comic moments in all of the Tales, culminating in Harry’s uncompromising interruption.   However,   beneath   the   surface   of   Chaucer’s parody of the likes of “Ypotas,” “Bevys” and “sir Gy” (VII.898–899),  the  repeated  elision  of  a  specific  paratextual  feature  of Thopas  in  both  a  large  proportion  of  the  fifteenth-century manuscripts  of  the Tales as  well  the  vast  majority  of  printed editions  points  toward  the  potential  inscrutability  not  only  of medieval  textual  records  but  also  early-modern  and  modern records as well.1 This paratextual feature — Chaucer’s use and subtle  amplification  of  the  traditional  tail-rhyme  verse  layout — forms part of a focus in Fragment VII of the Tales on both the resources available to the English poet writing at the close of  the  fourteenth  century  and,  more  generally,  the  very  act  of reading and the problematic nature of interpretation itself.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Sir  Thopas — Chaucer’s “rym” (VII.709) that so disappoints the   Host   —is   not   generally   discussed   in   terms   of   dark moments or abyssal themes. In fact, in its wilful and relentless ineptitude,   Chaucer’s   parody   of   the   tail-rhyme   romance represents one of the most sustained comic moments in all of the Tales, culminating in Harry’s uncompromising interruption.   However,   beneath   the   surface   of   Chaucer’s parody of the likes of “Ypotas,” “Bevys” and “sir Gy” (VII.898–899),  the  repeated  elision  of  a  specific  paratextual  feature  of Thopas  in  both  a  large  proportion  of  the  fifteenth-century manuscripts  of  the Tales as  well  the  vast  majority  of  printed editions  points  toward  the  potential  inscrutability  not  only  of medieval  textual  records  but  also  early-modern  and  modern records as well.1 This paratextual feature — Chaucer’s use and subtle  amplification  of  the  traditional  tail-rhyme  verse  layout — forms part of a focus in Fragment VII of the Tales on both the resources available to the English poet writing at the close of  the  fourteenth  century  and,  more  generally,  the  very  act  of reading and the problematic nature of interpretation itself.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Although widely beloved for its playfulness and comic sensibility, Chaucer’s poetry is also subtly shot through with dark moments that open into obscure and irresolvably haunting vistas, passages into which one might fall head-first and never reach the abyssal bottom, scenes and events where everything could possibly go horribly wrong or where everything that matters seems, if even momentarily, altogether and irretrievably lost. And then sometimes, things really do go wrong. Opting to dilate rather than cordon off this darkness, this volume assembles a variety of attempts to follow such moments into their folds of blackness and horror, to chart their endless sorrows and recursive gloom, and to take depth soundings in the darker recesses of the Chaucerian lakes in order to bring back palm- or bite-sized pieces (black jewels) of bitter Chaucer that could be shared with others . . . an “assortment,” if you will. Not that this collection finds only emptiness and non-meaning in these caves and lakes. You never know what you will discover in the dark.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Although widely beloved for its playfulness and comic sensibility, Chaucer’s poetry is also subtly shot through with dark moments that open into obscure and irresolvably haunting vistas, passages into which one might fall head-first and never reach the abyssal bottom, scenes and events where everything could possibly go horribly wrong or where everything that matters seems, if even momentarily, altogether and irretrievably lost. And then sometimes, things really do go wrong. Opting to dilate rather than cordon off this darkness, this volume assembles a variety of attempts to follow such moments into their folds of blackness and horror, to chart their endless sorrows and recursive gloom, and to take depth soundings in the darker recesses of the Chaucerian lakes in order to bring back palm- or bite-sized pieces (black jewels) of bitter Chaucer that could be shared with others . . . an “assortment,” if you will. Not that this collection finds only emptiness and non-meaning in these caves and lakes. You never know what you will discover in the dark.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">and here we are as on a darkling plain</TitleText>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;blackening,  like  a  corpse-reanimate,  lost  in  nights  of  stars  of heaven’s  sick  white  light.  And  there  are  hilts  wired  to  the widening  grip  of  bleached  palms,  the  edges  remaining  white beneath  a  spill  of  blood  carved  black.  And  each  love  and loveless seed of rot is white, leeching lignin and degrading and decolorizing all past worlds of woods of tar-black trees rooted in  some  foreign  shame.  And  though  the  fox  of  this  wood  is black  and  the  cabbages  white  in  which  it  lays,  there  is  no peroxide in the throat that trolls the art of stories of old things.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;blackening,  like  a  corpse-reanimate,  lost  in  nights  of  stars  of heaven’s  sick  white  light.  And  there  are  hilts  wired  to  the widening  grip  of  bleached  palms,  the  edges  remaining  white beneath  a  spill  of  blood  carved  black.  And  each  love  and loveless seed of rot is white, leeching lignin and degrading and decolorizing all past worlds of woods of tar-black trees rooted in  some  foreign  shame.  And  though  the  fox  of  this  wood  is black  and  the  cabbages  white  in  which  it  lays,  there  is  no peroxide in the throat that trolls the art of stories of old things.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Dark Whiteness</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Benjamin Brawley and Chaucer</Subtitle>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;On   the   northern   edge   of   the   Boston   Commons,   at   the intersection of its Freedom Trail and its Black Heritage Trail, stands   a   life-sized   relief   commemorating   Colonel   Robert Gould Shaw. While tour buses pause at the adjacent red light, microphoned  guides  repeat  what  walkers  can  read  from  the posted   information:   the   white   Colonel   Shaw   led   the   all-African-American Massachusetts 54th Regiment, the first of its kind, into the Civil War. Among the hundreds of thousands of men who served and died in the American Civil War, Shaw is singled  out,  not  because  he  fought  and  not  because  he  died, but  because  he  granted  military  legitimacy  to  the  brigade  of African-American  troops  who  were  otherwise  not  allowed  to fight  in  their  own  cause.  Augustus  Saint-Gauden’s  monu-mental  bronze  centers  Colonel  Shaw  on  horseback,  with  his regiment  members  preceding  and  following.  Although  these men  walking  with  the  hero  were  cast  with  facial  features identifying  them  as  African-American,  their  skin  color  is indistinguishable  from  the  military  leader’s  because  his  is darkened  to  the  same  hue  by  the  bronze.  In  effect,  Saint-Gaudens’  memorial  does  what  no  war  and no  legislation  has been  able  to  do:  erase  the  color  difference,  not  by  making  all the men white but by making all the men dark.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;On   the   northern   edge   of   the   Boston   Commons,   at   the intersection of its Freedom Trail and its Black Heritage Trail, stands   a   life-sized   relief   commemorating   Colonel   Robert Gould Shaw. While tour buses pause at the adjacent red light, microphoned  guides  repeat  what  walkers  can  read  from  the posted   information:   the   white   Colonel   Shaw   led   the   all-African-American Massachusetts 54th Regiment, the first of its kind, into the Civil War. Among the hundreds of thousands of men who served and died in the American Civil War, Shaw is singled  out,  not  because  he  fought  and  not  because  he  died, but  because  he  granted  military  legitimacy  to  the  brigade  of African-American  troops  who  were  otherwise  not  allowed  to fight  in  their  own  cause.  Augustus  Saint-Gauden’s  monu-mental  bronze  centers  Colonel  Shaw  on  horseback,  with  his regiment  members  preceding  and  following.  Although  these men  walking  with  the  hero  were  cast  with  facial  features identifying  them  as  African-American,  their  skin  color  is indistinguishable  from  the  military  leader’s  because  his  is darkened  to  the  same  hue  by  the  bronze.  In  effect,  Saint-Gaudens’  memorial  does  what  no  war  and no  legislation  has been  able  to  do:  erase  the  color  difference,  not  by  making  all the men white but by making all the men dark.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;If  we’re  thinking  of  a  dark  Chaucer,  Saturn’s  speech  in  the Knight’s Tale comes quickly to mind (I.2453–2478). Although pop  culture  misguidedly  loves The  Canterbury  Tales best  for its fart jokes, the appearance of the old, pale god in the first of the  pilgrim  stories  shows  that  Chaucer  can  get  very  dark indeed. Saturn’s darkness, this essay will argue, should remind scholars  of  Chaucer  to  be  attentive  to  our  own  ineradicable darknesses. We should see our moments of collapse and chaos not  just  as  unfortunate  circumstances  to  be  acknowledged (though  that  is  needed  desperately)  but  also  as  “ways  in”  to the most vital and distinctive aspects of our discipline.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;If  we’re  thinking  of  a  dark  Chaucer,  Saturn’s  speech  in  the Knight’s Tale comes quickly to mind (I.2453–2478). Although pop  culture  misguidedly  loves The  Canterbury  Tales best  for its fart jokes, the appearance of the old, pale god in the first of the  pilgrim  stories  shows  that  Chaucer  can  get  very  dark indeed. Saturn’s darkness, this essay will argue, should remind scholars  of  Chaucer  to  be  attentive  to  our  own  ineradicable darknesses. We should see our moments of collapse and chaos not  just  as  unfortunate  circumstances  to  be  acknowledged (though  that  is  needed  desperately)  but  also  as  “ways  in”  to the most vital and distinctive aspects of our discipline.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <PersonName>Ruth Evans</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>Saint Louis University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;I  want  to  write  about  Alcyone’s  dream  because  it’s  fascinated me  for  so  long,  but  the  pages  of  my  Riverside  Chaucer  won’t stay open at The Book of the Duchess, so I bend back the spine and put my left palm down firmly on the gutter, but it’s as if the book  is  resisting  my  desire  to  read,  which  annoys  me  because I’m  excited  to  work  out  why  I  find  her  dream  so  dark.  I  know that the trigger will be certain enigmatic words that tease me or some other text that swims into my head as I’m reading. I don’t know  exactly  what  that  will  be,  though  I  remember  that  the word   “derk”   is   there   in   the   poem   somewhere.   Now   I’m skimming the opening lines, trying to take it in slowly, how the dark   dream   is   introduced,   but   my eye   is   racing   ahead, anticipating  “derk,”  and  although  I  want  this  experience  to  be frictionless,  I’m  stopping  and  starting,  trying  to  find  a  rhythm for my reading, seizing at words and images and dropping them or  busily  storing  them  for  future  recall,  and  then  there  it  is! Morpheus’s  cave  is  “derk  as  helle-pit.”  I  slow  down.  Here’s  the dream. It’s as odd as I remember it.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;I  want  to  write  about  Alcyone’s  dream  because  it’s  fascinated me  for  so  long,  but  the  pages  of  my  Riverside  Chaucer  won’t stay open at The Book of the Duchess, so I bend back the spine and put my left palm down firmly on the gutter, but it’s as if the book  is  resisting  my  desire  to  read,  which  annoys  me  because I’m  excited  to  work  out  why  I  find  her  dream  so  dark.  I  know that the trigger will be certain enigmatic words that tease me or some other text that swims into my head as I’m reading. I don’t know  exactly  what  that  will  be,  though  I  remember  that  the word   “derk”   is   there   in   the   poem   somewhere.   Now   I’m skimming the opening lines, trying to take it in slowly, how the dark   dream   is   introduced,   but   my eye   is   racing   ahead, anticipating  “derk,”  and  although  I  want  this  experience  to  be frictionless,  I’m  stopping  and  starting,  trying  to  find  a  rhythm for my reading, seizing at words and images and dropping them or  busily  storing  them  for  future  recall,  and  then  there  it  is! Morpheus’s  cave  is  “derk  as  helle-pit.”  I  slow  down.  Here’s  the dream. It’s as odd as I remember it.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Chaucerian Afterlives</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Reception and Eschatology</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Gaelan Gilbert</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>Hellenic College Holy Cross Greek Orthodox School of Theology</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The  claim  of  this essai  is  that Chaucer  is  eschatological.  I  use this   rather   specific   term   first   in   order   to   indicate   the apocalyptic    aspect    of    Chaucer’s    late-medieval    theological context of the four last things (eschata) — death, judgment, hell and  heaven —  and  secondly  to  illumine  a  dynamic  of  textual dispossession   at   work   in   Chaucer’s   anticipations   of   reader response,  and  of  his  and  his  texts’  interconnected  ‘afterlives.’ These  dense  formulations  will  require  some  unpacking,  but  at this point it suffices to say that an orientation to the prospect of future  evaluation  conditions  in  advance  the  “dark”  moments explored below.Any discussion of eschatology seems for us moderns (even modern medievalists) to be something of a dark topic, and in at least two ways. One is the popular darkness associated with divine  judgment,  an  anxiety  nowadays  often  stripped  of  any theological   reference   whatsoever.   Another   sense   is   that analogous to the Pauline “we see now in a mirror but darkly,” or videmus  nunc  per  speculum  in  enigmate  (1  Cor.  13:12), simply  the  fact  that  we  cannot  see  beyond  the  mortal  bounds of  this  life,  except  obscurely  in  figures.  And  that  kind  of obscurity makes the prospect of judgment sometimes hard to bear.  The Cloud-author  alludes  to  our  limits  in  just  these terms:For when I sey derknes, I mene a lackyng of knowyng; as  alle  thing  that  thou  knowest  not,  or  elles  that  thou hast  forgetyn,  it  is  derk  to  thee,  for  thou  seest  it  not with thi goostly ighe. And for this skile it is not clepid a cloude  of  the  eire,  bot  a  cloude  of  unknowyng,  that  is bitwix thee and thi God.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The  claim  of  this essai  is  that Chaucer  is  eschatological.  I  use this   rather   specific   term   first   in   order   to   indicate   the apocalyptic    aspect    of    Chaucer’s    late-medieval    theological context of the four last things (eschata) — death, judgment, hell and  heaven —  and  secondly  to  illumine  a  dynamic  of  textual dispossession   at   work   in   Chaucer’s   anticipations   of   reader response,  and  of  his  and  his  texts’  interconnected  ‘afterlives.’ These  dense  formulations  will  require  some  unpacking,  but  at this point it suffices to say that an orientation to the prospect of future  evaluation  conditions  in  advance  the  “dark”  moments explored below.Any discussion of eschatology seems for us moderns (even modern medievalists) to be something of a dark topic, and in at least two ways. One is the popular darkness associated with divine  judgment,  an  anxiety  nowadays  often  stripped  of  any theological   reference   whatsoever.   Another   sense   is   that analogous to the Pauline “we see now in a mirror but darkly,” or videmus  nunc  per  speculum  in  enigmate  (1  Cor.  13:12), simply  the  fact  that  we  cannot  see  beyond  the  mortal  bounds of  this  life,  except  obscurely  in  figures.  And  that  kind  of obscurity makes the prospect of judgment sometimes hard to bear.  The Cloud-author  alludes  to  our  limits  in  just  these terms:For when I sey derknes, I mene a lackyng of knowyng; as  alle  thing  that  thou  knowest  not,  or  elles  that  thou hast  forgetyn,  it  is  derk  to  thee,  for  thou  seest  it  not with thi goostly ighe. And for this skile it is not clepid a cloude  of  the  eire,  bot  a  cloude  of  unknowyng,  that  is bitwix thee and thi God.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Black Gold</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">The Former (and Future) Age</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Leigh Harrison</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>Cornell University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Despite   their   pretense   of   explaining   beginnings,   creation myths  often  if  not  always  have  ends  in  mind —  a  fact  that certainly  holds  true  for  Chaucer’s  “Former  Age.”  On  the  face of it, the poem is onlya creation myth: its verse tells the story of  human  community  at  its  origins,  of  a  freer  life  (with  only “good   feith   the   empeirice”   [55])1 before   complex   estate hierarchies and the State. Its few stanzas have all the look and feel of a sad song whose melody the centuries have worn away, with all the misty revelation of prehistoric “folk” impulse that the “ballad” label still inevitably implies. This obscurity of age in turn lends the poem its own rusty darkness, over and above the  darkness  of  loss  that  its  narrative  claims  (however  dimly) to  recover  and  bring  to  light.  Most  readers,  including  me, encounter  “The  Former  Age”  mainly  as  a  poem  cataloging and expressing — simply about — great loss.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Despite   their   pretense   of   explaining   beginnings,   creation myths  often  if  not  always  have  ends  in  mind —  a  fact  that certainly  holds  true  for  Chaucer’s  “Former  Age.”  On  the  face of it, the poem is onlya creation myth: its verse tells the story of  human  community  at  its  origins,  of  a  freer  life  (with  only “good   feith   the   empeirice”   [55])1 before   complex   estate hierarchies and the State. Its few stanzas have all the look and feel of a sad song whose melody the centuries have worn away, with all the misty revelation of prehistoric “folk” impulse that the “ballad” label still inevitably implies. This obscurity of age in turn lends the poem its own rusty darkness, over and above the  darkness  of  loss  that  its  narrative  claims  (however  dimly) to  recover  and  bring  to  light.  Most  readers,  including  me, encounter  “The  Former  Age”  mainly  as  a  poem  cataloging and expressing — simply about — great loss.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Half Dead</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Parsing Cecelia</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Nicola Masciandaro</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>Brooklyn College</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;St.  Cecilia’s  botched  beheading in  Chaucer’s Second  Nun’s Tale    masterfully    sculpts    the    conundrum    of    life/death liminality  into  a  horrific  three-day  dilation  of  the  moment  of martyrdom,   opening   the   decollative   blow   that   typically coincides  with  receiving  its  crown  into  a  series  of  unfinished neck-cuts.  Pinched  between  the  cruelty  of  the  headsman’s impotence,  the  idiotic  inflexibility  of  the  law,  and  her  own sacred durability, Cecilia embodies the paradoxical idea of an unending,    asymptotically    inconclusive    decapitation,    an infinite  series  of  beheading  blows  that  never  severs  the  head. Her  hacked  neck  fuses  into  one  form  the  two  principles  it figurally  evokes:  the  unbeheadability  of  the  body  of  God  —“illius  enim  capita  membra  sumus.  Non  potest  hoc  corpus decollari”  [“We  are  limbs  of  that  head.  This  body  cannot  be decapitated”]2    —    and the    semi-living    nature    of    fallen humanity, as signified through medieval allegorical interpretation  of  the  traveler  who  is  attacked  by  robbers  on the  road  from  Jerusalem  to  Jericho  and  left  “half  alive/half dead”  [semivivus, emithane]  (Luke  10:30).  The  unity  of  this form is equivalent to the differential non-difference (half alive =  half  dead)  between  the  Greek  and  Latin  terms.  The  three-fold   opening   intensively   multiplies   the   “zero   degree   of torture”3 into a single tertium quid that is indifferently beyond the distinction between life and death. Being half dead, Cecilia is  ultimately  alive.  Being  half  alive,  Cecilia  is  ultimately  dead. Dwelling in the hyper-intimacy of extreme dereliction, Cecilia is   a   lacerated,   ever-dilating   theopathic   icon   of   divinity’s absolute     indifference     to     life     and     death,     its     being superessentially  beyond  both.  Her  three-day  rest  from  both, during  which  she  simultaneously  does  nothing  and  works  all the  more  fervently,  exemplifies  the  “passivity  and  absence  of effort . . . in which divine transcendence is dissolved.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;St.  Cecilia’s  botched  beheading in  Chaucer’s Second  Nun’s Tale    masterfully    sculpts    the    conundrum    of    life/death liminality  into  a  horrific  three-day  dilation  of  the  moment  of martyrdom,   opening   the   decollative   blow   that   typically coincides  with  receiving  its  crown  into  a  series  of  unfinished neck-cuts.  Pinched  between  the  cruelty  of  the  headsman’s impotence,  the  idiotic  inflexibility  of  the  law,  and  her  own sacred durability, Cecilia embodies the paradoxical idea of an unending,    asymptotically    inconclusive    decapitation,    an infinite  series  of  beheading  blows  that  never  severs  the  head. Her  hacked  neck  fuses  into  one  form  the  two  principles  it figurally  evokes:  the  unbeheadability  of  the  body  of  God  —“illius  enim  capita  membra  sumus.  Non  potest  hoc  corpus decollari”  [“We  are  limbs  of  that  head.  This  body  cannot  be decapitated”]2    —    and the    semi-living    nature    of    fallen humanity, as signified through medieval allegorical interpretation  of  the  traveler  who  is  attacked  by  robbers  on the  road  from  Jerusalem  to  Jericho  and  left  “half  alive/half dead”  [semivivus, emithane]  (Luke  10:30).  The  unity  of  this form is equivalent to the differential non-difference (half alive =  half  dead)  between  the  Greek  and  Latin  terms.  The  three-fold   opening   intensively   multiplies   the   “zero   degree   of torture”3 into a single tertium quid that is indifferently beyond the distinction between life and death. Being half dead, Cecilia is  ultimately  alive.  Being  half  alive,  Cecilia  is  ultimately  dead. Dwelling in the hyper-intimacy of extreme dereliction, Cecilia is   a   lacerated,   ever-dilating   theopathic   icon   of   divinity’s absolute     indifference     to     life     and     death,     its     being superessentially  beyond  both.  Her  three-day  rest  from  both, during  which  she  simultaneously  does  nothing  and  works  all the  more  fervently,  exemplifies  the  “passivity  and  absence  of effort . . . in which divine transcendence is dissolved.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Masciandaro, Nicola</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">In the Event of the Franklin's Tale</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>J. Allan Mitchell</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;There is no truth to delimit in the event. Events come, if ever they   arrive,   to   designate   fields   of pure possibility   and emergent   futurity.    Consider   one   old   tale   of   “diverse aventures” (V.710), Chaucer’s Franklin’s Tale.1  Somewhere in Brittany, Dorigen is happily married to the knight Arveragus, having  recently  pledged  her  undying  love.  “Have  heer  my trouthe — til that myn herte breste” (V.759). Soon he goes on an  expedition  abroad.  Dorigen  watches  ships  come  to  port in the  hopes  that  one  will  return  her  husband safely,  and  she is tormented by thoughts of his foundering. Dorigen cultivates a “derke  fantasye”  (V.844),  meditating  on  the  hazards  of  a seascape  that consists  of  “grisly  rokkes blake”  (V.859)  just offshore. They   are   menacing   and   apparently   meaningless obstacles to her happiness. She cannot shake bleak thoughts of a   possible   fatality,   despite   friends’   comforting   words   and pleasant    distractions. Then    something    unexpected    does happen. At a dance, the amorous squire Aurelius propositions Dorigen, begging her mercy. She rejects his advances, tactfully couching her  reply in  terms  that  are  described  as  playful:  shesays   she will   yield to   Aurelius only   if he removes   thedangerous  rocks that  threaten  her  beloved  husband.  “Have heer my trouthe, in al that evere I kan” (V.998). It would seem impossible.  But Dorigen’s  so-called  rash  promise  to  Aureliusis   a   fateful   utterance   carried   away   by    further    events, accompanied by  a  powerful  sense  of  foreboding,  setting  in motion so   many   impossibilities. Dorigen   and   expectantreaders  of  the  tale  subsequently  drift  towards  a  future of  still more improbable events.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;There is no truth to delimit in the event. Events come, if ever they   arrive,   to   designate   fields   of pure possibility   and emergent   futurity.    Consider   one   old   tale   of   “diverse aventures” (V.710), Chaucer’s Franklin’s Tale.1  Somewhere in Brittany, Dorigen is happily married to the knight Arveragus, having  recently  pledged  her  undying  love.  “Have  heer  my trouthe — til that myn herte breste” (V.759). Soon he goes on an  expedition  abroad.  Dorigen  watches  ships  come  to  port in the  hopes  that  one  will  return  her  husband safely,  and  she is tormented by thoughts of his foundering. Dorigen cultivates a “derke  fantasye”  (V.844),  meditating  on  the  hazards  of  a seascape  that consists  of  “grisly  rokkes blake”  (V.859)  just offshore. They   are   menacing   and   apparently   meaningless obstacles to her happiness. She cannot shake bleak thoughts of a   possible   fatality,   despite   friends’   comforting   words   and pleasant    distractions. Then    something    unexpected    does happen. At a dance, the amorous squire Aurelius propositions Dorigen, begging her mercy. She rejects his advances, tactfully couching her  reply in  terms  that  are  described  as  playful:  shesays   she will   yield to   Aurelius only   if he removes   thedangerous  rocks that  threaten  her  beloved  husband.  “Have heer my trouthe, in al that evere I kan” (V.998). It would seem impossible.  But Dorigen’s  so-called  rash  promise  to  Aureliusis   a   fateful   utterance   carried   away   by    further    events, accompanied by  a  powerful  sense  of  foreboding,  setting  in motion so   many   impossibilities. Dorigen   and   expectantreaders  of  the  tale  subsequently  drift  towards  a  future of  still more improbable events.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Mitchell, J. Allan</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Black as the Crow</TitleText>
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          <ContributorRole>A01</ContributorRole>
          <PersonName>Travis Neel</PersonName>
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          <KeyNames>Neel</KeyNames>
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          <PersonName>Andrew Richmond</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Perched among the many birds in the Parliament of Foules sits “the  crowe  with  vois  of  care”  (364).1  The  crow  receives  no space to speak in Geoffrey Chaucer’s Valentine’s Day poem —a grim reminder perhaps of the circumstances under which he received  his  sad  voice  and  scorched  appearance.  In  Chaucer’s hands it is a different, perhaps darker, story than the one told by   Ted   Hughes.   The   crow   does   not   launch   himself   into blackness  through  a  jealousy  contest;  rather  he  becomes  but one  victim  at  the  hands  of  a  jealous  and  wrathful  master.  As Chaucer’s  Manciple  tells  the  story,  the  crow  had  once  been  a white  bird  with  a  beautiful  voice.  Phoebus  Apollo  had  taught the crow how to speak like a human, and when this crow sang, “Therwith  in  al  this  world  no  nyghtyngale/  Ne  koude,  by  an hondred thousand deel, / Syngen so wonder myrily and weel” (IX.136–139).    But    the    crow’s    status    within    Phoebus’s household  does  not  last  long  in  the Manciple’s  Tale.  Having witnessed    Phoebus’s    wife    with    her beloved,    the    crow immediately  declares  the  wife’s  unfaithfulness  to  Phoebus  —and Pheobus’ resulting identity as a cuckold — with the song, “Cokkow! Cokkow! Cokkow!” (IX.243). Phoebus turns his ire and   sorrow   towards   his   wife   and   his   minstrelsy   before addressing the crow as a traitor. To quite the crow of his false tale  (IX.293),  Phoebus  strips  him  of  his  song,  deplumes  his white feathers, and casts him out of his home.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Perched among the many birds in the Parliament of Foules sits “the  crowe  with  vois  of  care”  (364).1  The  crow  receives  no space to speak in Geoffrey Chaucer’s Valentine’s Day poem —a grim reminder perhaps of the circumstances under which he received  his  sad  voice  and  scorched  appearance.  In  Chaucer’s hands it is a different, perhaps darker, story than the one told by   Ted   Hughes.   The   crow   does   not   launch   himself   into blackness  through  a  jealousy  contest;  rather  he  becomes  but one  victim  at  the  hands  of  a  jealous  and  wrathful  master.  As Chaucer’s  Manciple  tells  the  story,  the  crow  had  once  been  a white  bird  with  a  beautiful  voice.  Phoebus  Apollo  had  taught the crow how to speak like a human, and when this crow sang, “Therwith  in  al  this  world  no  nyghtyngale/  Ne  koude,  by  an hondred thousand deel, / Syngen so wonder myrily and weel” (IX.136–139).    But    the    crow’s    status    within    Phoebus’s household  does  not  last  long  in  the Manciple’s  Tale.  Having witnessed    Phoebus’s    wife    with    her beloved,    the    crow immediately  declares  the  wife’s  unfaithfulness  to  Phoebus  —and Pheobus’ resulting identity as a cuckold — with the song, “Cokkow! Cokkow! Cokkow!” (IX.243). Phoebus turns his ire and   sorrow   towards   his   wife   and   his   minstrelsy   before addressing the crow as a traitor. To quite the crow of his false tale  (IX.293),  Phoebus  strips  him  of  his  song,  deplumes  his white feathers, and casts him out of his home.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Neel, Travis</PersonName>
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            <PersonName>Richmond, Andrew</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Unravelling Constance</TitleText>
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          <ContributorRole>A01</ContributorRole>
          <PersonName>Hannah Priest</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;She came from the sea, mazed, amazed —masen  —confused, bewildered,   senseless.   Deceived,   deranged,   crazed.   They stopped  and  asked  her  who  she  was.  When  they  stopped  and asked  her  who  she  was,  she  said  she  did  not  know.  She  said she  was  so  mazed  in  the  sea,  that  she  forgot  her  mind. Her mind —mynde   —   seat   of   memory,   faculty   of   memory, individual remembrance. Reason, understanding. Will, desire, purpose.   She   forgot   her   mind,   when   she   lost   herself. Constance   forgets   Constance.   Constance   is   lost.   Distress teaches  us  to  be  inventive,  says  the  nightingale,  but  blank Constance does not invent. Once,   she   was   Constance.   Syrian   chapmen   found   her   in Rome,  among  the  other  things,  specially.  The  chapmen  took their  cloths  of  gold,  their  satins  rich  of  hew,  their  chaffare  so thrifty  and  new,  and  returned  with  tales  of  Constance.  Their chaffare   —   anything   of   virtue,   something   desirable.   An exchange,  a  bargain,  a  deal. So  thrifty —  well-made,  seemly, suitable.  Golden,  rich  of  hew,  so  thrifty  and  so  new,  they returned   with   tales   of   Constance.   The   chapmen   went   to market.  Take  the  cloth  and sell  the  cloth,  take  the  goods  and sell  the  goods.  The  smooth  trade  in  luxury  prevails  over  gods and  geography.  Facilitate  allegiance  in  the  market.  Chapmen exchange satin for Dame Constance.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;She came from the sea, mazed, amazed —masen  —confused, bewildered,   senseless.   Deceived,   deranged,   crazed.   They stopped  and  asked  her  who  she  was.  When  they  stopped  and asked  her  who  she  was,  she  said  she  did  not  know.  She  said she  was  so  mazed  in  the  sea,  that  she  forgot  her  mind. Her mind —mynde   —   seat   of   memory,   faculty   of   memory, individual remembrance. Reason, understanding. Will, desire, purpose.   She   forgot   her   mind,   when   she   lost   herself. Constance   forgets   Constance.   Constance   is   lost.   Distress teaches  us  to  be  inventive,  says  the  nightingale,  but  blank Constance does not invent. Once,   she   was   Constance.   Syrian   chapmen   found   her   in Rome,  among  the  other  things,  specially.  The  chapmen  took their  cloths  of  gold,  their  satins  rich  of  hew,  their  chaffare  so thrifty  and  new,  and  returned  with  tales  of  Constance.  Their chaffare   —   anything   of   virtue,   something   desirable.   An exchange,  a  bargain,  a  deal. So  thrifty —  well-made,  seemly, suitable.  Golden,  rich  of  hew,  so  thrifty  and  so  new,  they returned   with   tales   of   Constance.   The   chapmen   went   to market.  Take  the  cloth  and sell  the  cloth,  take  the  goods  and sell  the  goods.  The  smooth  trade  in  luxury  prevails  over  gods and  geography.  Facilitate  allegiance  in  the  market.  Chapmen exchange satin for Dame Constance.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Priest, Hannah</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">L'O de V</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">A Palimpsest</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Lisa Schamess</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;For  centuries  she  didn’t  speak  at  all,  the  girl  Virginia.The silent   girl   who   finally   speaks   tells   the   story.   Submission, omission,    commission,    submersion,    subversion,    inversion, corruption,  coercion.  Defilement,  denial,  the  child,  the  trial,  fil, fille,  vile,  ville,  filial  bonds, bondage, twisted positions and impositions,    text    and    subtext    and    context    and    cuntext. Penetration,   vellum,   hide,   marks,   pens,   wounds,   piercings, cuttings, severings, maidenheads, giving head, what’s inside our heads  that  is  left  unsaid,  what  cannot  be  said  being  said,  the sinkhole  in  a  prison  bed,  the  outburst  of  consent  and  the pressure  of  speech,  the  hand  holding  the  pencil  raced  over  the paper without the least concern for the hour or the light. The girl  was  writing  the  way  you  speak  in  the  dark  to  the  person you love when you’ve held back the words of love too long and they    flow    at    last2,    hysteria    catatonia    silence    asceticism abasement  how  a  woman  throws  herself  is  thrown  hurls  herself is hurled cuts herself is cut how there is an O in the center of the monastery  and  in  the  rear  of  the  prison  the  text  is  inscribed, marked,  stripped,  cut,  scraped, erased,  reinscribed,  corrected, raped,  rapt,  wrapped3 and how this story is old, begins with a snake’s  mouth  and  ends  in  a  bit  of  tale  served  up  by  a  woman, an  O,  once  a  V,  an  A(nne),  an  A(ury),  a  Pauline  nun  from  the bawdy  papers,  a  Reagent.  The  Autre.  The  Autre4 Translation transgression transubstantiation, trasumanar5, tongues, longing, language,  sources,  apocrypha  apostasy  outtakes  originals  pens and   penetration,   comments,   commas,   parents,   parentheses, prisons,  patrimony,  patronage,  the  mouth,  the  eye,  the  os,  the ass, the orifice, the vacuole, the caesura, the fissure, the seizure, the   rapture, ravissement,   stripping   away,   strips   of   skin, laceration,  O  in  the  middle,  jouissance,6 O behind, the iron O on  the  finger,  the  steel  O  in  the  labia,  the  monsters  inside  us: The Three-Legged Man, The Headless Woman . . .  we forget to remember  and  remember  to  forget a story of giving credit and revoking  credit  of  not  knowing  half  the  time  to  whom  to  give credit.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;For  centuries  she  didn’t  speak  at  all,  the  girl  Virginia.The silent   girl   who   finally   speaks   tells   the   story.   Submission, omission,    commission,    submersion,    subversion,    inversion, corruption,  coercion.  Defilement,  denial,  the  child,  the  trial,  fil, fille,  vile,  ville,  filial  bonds, bondage, twisted positions and impositions,    text    and    subtext    and    context    and    cuntext. Penetration,   vellum,   hide,   marks,   pens,   wounds,   piercings, cuttings, severings, maidenheads, giving head, what’s inside our heads  that  is  left  unsaid,  what  cannot  be  said  being  said,  the sinkhole  in  a  prison  bed,  the  outburst  of  consent  and  the pressure  of  speech,  the  hand  holding  the  pencil  raced  over  the paper without the least concern for the hour or the light. The girl  was  writing  the  way  you  speak  in  the  dark  to  the  person you love when you’ve held back the words of love too long and they    flow    at    last2,    hysteria    catatonia    silence    asceticism abasement  how  a  woman  throws  herself  is  thrown  hurls  herself is hurled cuts herself is cut how there is an O in the center of the monastery  and  in  the  rear  of  the  prison  the  text  is  inscribed, marked,  stripped,  cut,  scraped, erased,  reinscribed,  corrected, raped,  rapt,  wrapped3 and how this story is old, begins with a snake’s  mouth  and  ends  in  a  bit  of  tale  served  up  by  a  woman, an  O,  once  a  V,  an  A(nne),  an  A(ury),  a  Pauline  nun  from  the bawdy  papers,  a  Reagent.  The  Autre.  The  Autre4 Translation transgression transubstantiation, trasumanar5, tongues, longing, language,  sources,  apocrypha  apostasy  outtakes  originals  pens and   penetration,   comments,   commas,   parents,   parentheses, prisons,  patrimony,  patronage,  the  mouth,  the  eye,  the  os,  the ass, the orifice, the vacuole, the caesura, the fissure, the seizure, the   rapture, ravissement,   stripping   away,   strips   of   skin, laceration,  O  in  the  middle,  jouissance,6 O behind, the iron O on  the  finger,  the  steel  O  in  the  labia,  the  monsters  inside  us: The Three-Legged Man, The Headless Woman . . .  we forget to remember  and  remember  to  forget a story of giving credit and revoking  credit  of  not  knowing  half  the  time  to  whom  to  give credit.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Schamess, Lisa</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Disconsolate Art</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Myra Seaman</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Myra</NamesBeforeKey>
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            <Affiliation>College of Charleston</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Art  without  consolation  would,  it  seems,  be  fatally  deficient. Art’s   distinctive   identity,   central   to   a   humanist   aesthetic, emanates  from  its supposedly singular  capacity  to  transcend: where  humanists  are  menaced  by  meaninglessness,  art  offers significance; where humanists lament loss, art reveals timeless truth  and  enduring  beauty;  where  humanists  sense  absence, art promises presence. Humanist art consoles the living about the dead and the losses they signify. It affirms the extension of (human)   life   into   the   realms   of   the   lifeless.   Read   (as   it customarily  is)  with  such  expectations,  Chaucer’s Book  of  the Duchess becomes an artistic experiment in which the death of John  of  Gaunt’s  wife  provides  Chaucer  the  matter  through which to transcend the boundaries of human life  and,  in  that act, create art. But  not  so  fast.  Humanist  traditions  prepare  readers  for such   a   result,   and   yet   this   narrative   continuously   avoids granting  it.  Instead,  the  poem  actively  “refuses  to  re-figure loss  as  transcendence.”1  It  requires  that  we  proclaim,  along with its proverbially obtuse narrator, that “She is dead!” and,  in  the  process,  it  “insist[s]  on  the  irreducibility  of  certain limits.”3  Absence,  loss,  and  the  threat  of  meaninglessness  all endure.   The   poem’s   many   irresolvable   ambiguities —   its narrator’s  mysterious  and  unnatural  illness,  its  melancholic modifications   that   transform   Ovid’s   story   of   Ceyx (for Chaucer,   Seys)   and   Alcyone   into   tragedy,   its   hyperbolic miscommunication  between  grieving knight  and  inquisitive dreamer —  linger.  In  deliberately  refusing  transformation  or transcendence,    the    poem    enacts    what    I would    call    a disconsolate  poetics,  in  which  pain  and  suffering  perdure,  in which darkness obscures the light.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Art  without  consolation  would,  it  seems,  be  fatally  deficient. Art’s   distinctive   identity,   central   to   a   humanist   aesthetic, emanates  from  its supposedly singular  capacity  to  transcend: where  humanists  are  menaced  by  meaninglessness,  art  offers significance; where humanists lament loss, art reveals timeless truth  and  enduring  beauty;  where  humanists  sense  absence, art promises presence. Humanist art consoles the living about the dead and the losses they signify. It affirms the extension of (human)   life   into   the   realms   of   the   lifeless.   Read   (as   it customarily  is)  with  such  expectations,  Chaucer’s Book  of  the Duchess becomes an artistic experiment in which the death of John  of  Gaunt’s  wife  provides  Chaucer  the  matter  through which to transcend the boundaries of human life  and,  in  that act, create art. But  not  so  fast.  Humanist  traditions  prepare  readers  for such   a   result,   and   yet   this   narrative   continuously   avoids granting  it.  Instead,  the  poem  actively  “refuses  to  re-figure loss  as  transcendence.”1  It  requires  that  we  proclaim,  along with its proverbially obtuse narrator, that “She is dead!” and,  in  the  process,  it  “insist[s]  on  the  irreducibility  of  certain limits.”3  Absence,  loss,  and  the  threat  of  meaninglessness  all endure.   The   poem’s   many   irresolvable   ambiguities —   its narrator’s  mysterious  and  unnatural  illness,  its  melancholic modifications   that   transform   Ovid’s   story   of   Ceyx (for Chaucer,   Seys)   and   Alcyone   into   tragedy,   its   hyperbolic miscommunication  between  grieving knight  and  inquisitive dreamer —  linger.  In  deliberately  refusing  transformation  or transcendence,    the    poem    enacts    what    I would    call    a disconsolate  poetics,  in  which  pain  and  suffering  perdure,  in which darkness obscures the light.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <PersonName>Seaman, Myra</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Kill Me, Save Me, Let Me Go</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Custance, Virginia, Emelye</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Karl Steel</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>Brooklyn College</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The  inevitability  of  bad Fama worries  a  few  of  Chaucer’s heroines.  Cresseid  and  Dido  prefer  that  their  shame  not  be spread  about,  while  the  Wife  of  Bath  prefers  to  seize  the means of narrative production.1 Each worries about what will be   said   about   her;   each   justifies   her   actions; but   none recognizes  that,  as  a  literary  character,  she  could  not  have done other than she did. This  is  where  Custance,  Virginia,  and  Emelye  differ.  It  is the difference between saying, “I wish you wouldn't talk about me  this  way”  and  saying,  instead,  “why  are  you  doing  this  to me?”  or,  more  precisely,  “Why  are  you  making  me  do  this?” For   each   one   knows,   if   only   for   a   moment,   that   the responsibility  for  what  happens  to  her  and  through  her  lies elsewhere.   Each   experiences   the   precise   opposite   of   self-awareness,    for    each    momentarily    struggles    against    the narrative  before  realizing  herself  to  be not a  self  but  rather someone  else's  creature,  destined  to  be  rewarded  or  to  suffer regardless   of   what   she   does,   destined   to   be   made   to   be satisfied   with   what   happens,   destined   to   be   exemplary whether she wants to or not, because she comes to know that her   wants   are   not   her   own.   At   once   constituted   and dispossessed by her tale, each implicitly repeats one of Žižek’s favorite  maxims,  Deleuze’s  “si  vous  êtes  pris  dans  le rêve  de l’autre,  vous  êtes  foutu”2  [“if  you're  caught  in  the dream  of another, you're fucked”]. One seeks death; another wants to be something  other  than  a  creature  of  her  father;  and  the  last tries to  exempt  herself  from  the  tale’s  political  reconciliation. None  gets  what  she  wants:  one  forced  to  live,  one  to  die,  one to  love,  each  gets  just  enough  awareness  of  being  in  their stories to know that they want out. Then the door slams shut.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The  inevitability  of  bad Fama worries  a  few  of  Chaucer’s heroines.  Cresseid  and  Dido  prefer  that  their  shame  not  be spread  about,  while  the  Wife  of  Bath  prefers  to  seize  the means of narrative production.1 Each worries about what will be   said   about   her;   each   justifies   her   actions; but   none recognizes  that,  as  a  literary  character,  she  could  not  have done other than she did. This  is  where  Custance,  Virginia,  and  Emelye  differ.  It  is the difference between saying, “I wish you wouldn't talk about me  this  way”  and  saying,  instead,  “why  are  you  doing  this  to me?”  or,  more  precisely,  “Why  are  you  making  me  do  this?” For   each   one   knows,   if   only   for   a   moment,   that   the responsibility  for  what  happens  to  her  and  through  her  lies elsewhere.   Each   experiences   the   precise   opposite   of   self-awareness,    for    each    momentarily    struggles    against    the narrative  before  realizing  herself  to  be not a  self  but  rather someone  else's  creature,  destined  to  be  rewarded  or  to  suffer regardless   of   what   she   does,   destined   to   be   made   to   be satisfied   with   what   happens,   destined   to   be   exemplary whether she wants to or not, because she comes to know that her   wants   are   not   her   own.   At   once   constituted   and dispossessed by her tale, each implicitly repeats one of Žižek’s favorite  maxims,  Deleuze’s  “si  vous  êtes  pris  dans  le rêve  de l’autre,  vous  êtes  foutu”2  [“if  you're  caught  in  the dream  of another, you're fucked”]. One seeks death; another wants to be something  other  than  a  creature  of  her  father;  and  the  last tries to  exempt  herself  from  the  tale’s  political  reconciliation. None  gets  what  she  wants:  one  forced  to  live,  one  to  die,  one to  love,  each  gets  just  enough  awareness  of  being  in  their stories to know that they want out. Then the door slams shut.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <PersonName>Steel, Karl</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">The Physician's Tale as Hagioclasm</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Elaine Treharne</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>Stanford University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Adroit scholarly interpretation of the Physician’s Taleover the last half century has sought to rehabilitate what is perceived as one   of   Chaucer’s   least   satisfactory   tales.   Arguments   have focused   on   the   correlation   of   teller   and   tale;   Chaucer’s manipulation of his sources; and the foregrounding of various key  aspects  of  the  tale,  such  as  governance,  virginity  or  the legal  system.  In  seeking  to  round  off  the Tale,  to  give  it cohesion  and  moral  purpose,  for  example,  Kirk  L.  Smith concludes   his   discussion   about   the   judicial   and   medical elements  with  the  opinion  that “The  tale  offers  this  moral cure:  abjuring  the  exploitation  in  which  self-absorbed  Apius indulges,  the  worthy  practitioner  would  earn  the  public’s esteem   by   pledging   disinterested   service.”   Similarly,   in Jerome Mandel’s view, the careful structure of the Tale and its emphasis on death can be paralleled with The Pardoner’s Tale, with  which  it  is  paired  in  Fragment  VI.  Crafton’s  recent judicious  appraisal  focuses  on  shared  concerns  between  the Parson’s   Tale   and   the Physician’s   created   by   the   use   of preaching motifs, the Summa virtutem remediis animeand the theme  of  “false  virginity.”  Other  critics  have  highlighted  the use of hagiographic topoi in the Tale. In Lee Patterson’s clever and  insightful Chaucer  and  the  Subject  of  History,  he  judges the Tale  as aspiring to “hagiographical authority,”  as  a “quasi hagiography”  in  which  the  heroine,  Virginia,  is  a  “helpless victim,”   subordinated   to   her   persecutors’   narrative   domi-nance.  “In  short,”  states  Patterson,  the Physician’s  Tale  “is  a fraudulent  or  ‘counterfeit’  hagiography  .  .  . unable  to  trans-cend its own fallen historicity.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Adroit scholarly interpretation of the Physician’s Taleover the last half century has sought to rehabilitate what is perceived as one   of   Chaucer’s   least   satisfactory   tales.   Arguments   have focused   on   the   correlation   of   teller   and   tale;   Chaucer’s manipulation of his sources; and the foregrounding of various key  aspects  of  the  tale,  such  as  governance,  virginity  or  the legal  system.  In  seeking  to  round  off  the Tale,  to  give  it cohesion  and  moral  purpose,  for  example,  Kirk  L.  Smith concludes   his   discussion   about   the   judicial   and   medical elements  with  the  opinion  that “The  tale  offers  this  moral cure:  abjuring  the  exploitation  in  which  self-absorbed  Apius indulges,  the  worthy  practitioner  would  earn  the  public’s esteem   by   pledging   disinterested   service.”   Similarly,   in Jerome Mandel’s view, the careful structure of the Tale and its emphasis on death can be paralleled with The Pardoner’s Tale, with  which  it  is  paired  in  Fragment  VI.  Crafton’s  recent judicious  appraisal  focuses  on  shared  concerns  between  the Parson’s   Tale   and   the Physician’s   created   by   the   use   of preaching motifs, the Summa virtutem remediis animeand the theme  of  “false  virginity.”  Other  critics  have  highlighted  the use of hagiographic topoi in the Tale. In Lee Patterson’s clever and  insightful Chaucer  and  the  Subject  of  History,  he  judges the Tale  as aspiring to “hagiographical authority,”  as  a “quasi hagiography”  in  which  the  heroine,  Virginia,  is  a  “helpless victim,”   subordinated   to   her   persecutors’   narrative   domi-nance.  “In  short,”  states  Patterson,  the Physician’s  Tale  “is  a fraudulent  or  ‘counterfeit’  hagiography  .  .  . unable  to  trans-cend its own fallen historicity.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <PersonName>Treharne, Elaine</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">The Light Has Lifted</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Trickster Pandare</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Bob Valasek</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Pandare’s role in Chaucer’s Troilus and Criseyde has been one of  much  debate  among  Chaucerian  scholars  and  critics:  Is  he friend or is he foe, and what is his purpose either way? He is at once friend, foe, and I would argue, the character with whom readers  most  identify.  Readers  of Troilus  and Criseyde  realize that  they  read  to  discover  characters  exactly  like Pandare; characters  whom  he  or  she  wishes  they  could  be,  and  ones whose motives   are   sprinkled   with   hints   of   darkness   and mischief.   Pandare   represents   the   private   thoughts   in   our minds, the kind we know we cannot, and will not, act upon in the   way Pandare   has,   but   which   we   desire   to   pursue vicariously. Pandare is a charismatic trickster figure.The trickster figure is a mythical character found in almost every culture throughout history and is included by Carl Jung among  his  archetypes. The  trickster  and  its  tendencies  exist in  all  of  us;  the  degree  to  which  they  surface depends  on  the individual. Usually  a  male, tricksters can  be  identified  by many    common    traits    such    as    stubbornness,    chicanery, duplicity,  and the  ability  to  evoke  laughter. Classic  trickster characters  range  from  Prometheus,  known  as  one  of  the  first tricksters,   to Uncle   Remus’s Brer   Rabbit. The   trickster typically  preys  on  weaker  characters  and  remains  confident until  the  end.  The  story  surrounding  the  trickster  and  its result   or   lesson   is   often   used   to   satirize the   darkest conventions  of  the  culture  in  which  the  story  takes  place. Their  mischievous,  self-serving  actions  can  often  have  the trickster backtracking and succumbing to fate or fortune, and through their blunder knowledge can be gained.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Pandare’s role in Chaucer’s Troilus and Criseyde has been one of  much  debate  among  Chaucerian  scholars  and  critics:  Is  he friend or is he foe, and what is his purpose either way? He is at once friend, foe, and I would argue, the character with whom readers  most  identify.  Readers  of Troilus  and Criseyde  realize that  they  read  to  discover  characters  exactly  like Pandare; characters  whom  he  or  she  wishes  they  could  be,  and  ones whose motives   are   sprinkled   with   hints   of   darkness   and mischief.   Pandare   represents   the   private   thoughts   in   our minds, the kind we know we cannot, and will not, act upon in the   way Pandare   has,   but   which   we   desire   to   pursue vicariously. Pandare is a charismatic trickster figure.The trickster figure is a mythical character found in almost every culture throughout history and is included by Carl Jung among  his  archetypes. The  trickster  and  its  tendencies  exist in  all  of  us;  the  degree  to  which  they  surface depends  on  the individual. Usually  a  male, tricksters can  be  identified  by many    common    traits    such    as    stubbornness,    chicanery, duplicity,  and the  ability  to  evoke  laughter. Classic  trickster characters  range  from  Prometheus,  known  as  one  of  the  first tricksters,   to Uncle   Remus’s Brer   Rabbit. The   trickster typically  preys  on  weaker  characters  and  remains  confident until  the  end.  The  story  surrounding  the  trickster  and  its result   or   lesson   is   often   used   to   satirize the   darkest conventions  of  the  culture  in  which  the  story  takes  place. Their  mischievous,  self-serving  actions  can  often  have  the trickster backtracking and succumbing to fate or fortune, and through their blunder knowledge can be gained.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Valasek, Bob</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Suffer the Little Children, or, A Rumination on the Faith of Zombies</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Lisa Weston</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>California State University, Fresno</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In   modern   psychological   parlance   rumination   names   a neurotic brooding, a persistent, relentless mental replaying of a bad memory. In a more medieval context  rumination  is the practice  of  “chewing  over”  a  well-known  and  constantly  re-read text to  achieve  insight  into  the  nature  of  God  and  the universe.  What  follows  here is,  in  a  way,  a cross-temporal rumination  or  (to alter  the  alimentary  metaphor  a  little)  a worrying of a text of a text that worries me.The Prioress’s   Tale’s   narrative   of   the   Litel   Clergeon’s death, partial resurrection and second death is a text that I for one  have  never  satisfactorily  digested.  The  story  is  an  (alas) familiar medieval reflex of the blood-libel: a pious young child is murdered by Jews as he walks the ghetto singing a Christian hymn. But the lurid details of this narrative replay themselves, I  expect,  in  many  a  reader’s  memory: the  slaughtered  child hidden   in   shit; the   frantic,   weeping   mother; the abbot, astounded and confounded by the miraculous discovery of the corpse; the   outraged   Christian   crowd   caught   up   in   anti-Semitic  rhetoric  and  bloody  vengeance;  and  especially,  at  the center of it all, the grotesque body of the Litel Clergeon itself. For it is not, after all, a living seven-year-old boy who sings: it is,  rather,  his  corpse that will  not  shut  up. Nor  is  that  corpse merely  moaning  or  shrieking:    that it  sings  a  hymn  like O Alma  Redemptoris  Mater,  and  might  (theoretically)  sing it forever  unless  re-murdered,  makes  the  dark  grotesquerie of he spectacle  of  this  undead  child all  the  more  pervasive. Throat  slit,  as  the Litel Clergeon  says,  “unto  my  nekke  boon”(VII.649),1 the  child’s body  serves  as  an  eloquent  witness  to the  power  of  God,  yes,  but  hardly  to  anything  like  the  mercy or love proclaimed in the hymn. For that ghastly singing body is    stuck, zombie-like, forever on the verge of dying, a victim of violence  producing future  violence and  propagating  further victims.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In   modern   psychological   parlance   rumination   names   a neurotic brooding, a persistent, relentless mental replaying of a bad memory. In a more medieval context  rumination  is the practice  of  “chewing  over”  a  well-known  and  constantly  re-read text to  achieve  insight  into  the  nature  of  God  and  the universe.  What  follows  here is,  in  a  way,  a cross-temporal rumination  or  (to alter  the  alimentary  metaphor  a  little)  a worrying of a text of a text that worries me.The Prioress’s   Tale’s   narrative   of   the   Litel   Clergeon’s death, partial resurrection and second death is a text that I for one  have  never  satisfactorily  digested.  The  story  is  an  (alas) familiar medieval reflex of the blood-libel: a pious young child is murdered by Jews as he walks the ghetto singing a Christian hymn. But the lurid details of this narrative replay themselves, I  expect,  in  many  a  reader’s  memory: the  slaughtered  child hidden   in   shit; the   frantic,   weeping   mother; the abbot, astounded and confounded by the miraculous discovery of the corpse; the   outraged   Christian   crowd   caught   up   in   anti-Semitic  rhetoric  and  bloody  vengeance;  and  especially,  at  the center of it all, the grotesque body of the Litel Clergeon itself. For it is not, after all, a living seven-year-old boy who sings: it is,  rather,  his  corpse that will  not  shut  up. Nor  is  that  corpse merely  moaning  or  shrieking:    that it  sings  a  hymn  like O Alma  Redemptoris  Mater,  and  might  (theoretically)  sing it forever  unless  re-murdered,  makes  the  dark  grotesquerie of he spectacle  of  this  undead  child all  the  more  pervasive. Throat  slit,  as  the Litel Clergeon  says,  “unto  my  nekke  boon”(VII.649),1 the  child’s body  serves  as  an  eloquent  witness  to the  power  of  God,  yes,  but  hardly  to  anything  like  the  mercy or love proclaimed in the hymn. For that ghastly singing body is    stuck, zombie-like, forever on the verge of dying, a victim of violence  producing future  violence and  propagating  further victims.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">The Dark is Light Enough</TitleText>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Sir  Thopas — Chaucer’s “rym” (VII.709) that so disappoints the   Host   —is   not   generally   discussed   in   terms   of   dark moments or abyssal themes. In fact, in its wilful and relentless ineptitude,   Chaucer’s   parody   of   the   tail-rhyme   romance represents one of the most sustained comic moments in all of the Tales, culminating in Harry’s uncompromising interruption.   However,   beneath   the   surface   of   Chaucer’s parody of the likes of “Ypotas,” “Bevys” and “sir Gy” (VII.898–899),  the  repeated  elision  of  a  specific  paratextual  feature  of Thopas  in  both  a  large  proportion  of  the  fifteenth-century manuscripts  of  the Tales as  well  the  vast  majority  of  printed editions  points  toward  the  potential  inscrutability  not  only  of medieval  textual  records  but  also  early-modern  and  modern records as well.1 This paratextual feature — Chaucer’s use and subtle  amplification  of  the  traditional  tail-rhyme  verse  layout — forms part of a focus in Fragment VII of the Tales on both the resources available to the English poet writing at the close of  the  fourteenth  century  and,  more  generally,  the  very  act  of reading and the problematic nature of interpretation itself.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Sir  Thopas — Chaucer’s “rym” (VII.709) that so disappoints the   Host   —is   not   generally   discussed   in   terms   of   dark moments or abyssal themes. In fact, in its wilful and relentless ineptitude,   Chaucer’s   parody   of   the   tail-rhyme   romance represents one of the most sustained comic moments in all of the Tales, culminating in Harry’s uncompromising interruption.   However,   beneath   the   surface   of   Chaucer’s parody of the likes of “Ypotas,” “Bevys” and “sir Gy” (VII.898–899),  the  repeated  elision  of  a  specific  paratextual  feature  of Thopas  in  both  a  large  proportion  of  the  fifteenth-century manuscripts  of  the Tales as  well  the  vast  majority  of  printed editions  points  toward  the  potential  inscrutability  not  only  of medieval  textual  records  but  also  early-modern  and  modern records as well.1 This paratextual feature — Chaucer’s use and subtle  amplification  of  the  traditional  tail-rhyme  verse  layout — forms part of a focus in Fragment VII of the Tales on both the resources available to the English poet writing at the close of  the  fourteenth  century  and,  more  generally,  the  very  act  of reading and the problematic nature of interpretation itself.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In recent years the humanities, social sciences and neuroscience have witnessed an ‘affective turn,’ especially in discourses around post-Fordist labor, economic and ecological crises, populism and identity politics, mental health, and political struggle. This new awareness would be unthinkable without the pioneering work of Gilles Deleuze, who replaced judgment with affect as the very material movement of thought: every concept is an affective experience, a becoming. Besides entirely active affects, the highest practice of thought, there is no thought without passive affects or passions. Instead of a calm and rational philosophy of passions, Deleuzian thought is therefore inseparable from “isolated and passionate cries” that deny what everybody knows and what nobody can deny: “every true thought is an aggression.”&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This inseparability of reason and passion is by no means an anti-intellectualist or irrationalist stance. Rather, it is critical, since it protects reason from its self-imposed stupidity (bêtise) by relating it to the unthought forces that condition it. And it is clinical, because thought becomes possessed by a power of selection. The purely active, i.e. free-floating, unrecorded desire, is never enough to produce a consistent relation to the future, which is why we need the passions to give us an initial orientation, to force and enable us to think. Passions are the beliefs, perceptions, representations, and opinions that attach us to the world; they make up the very material of which our lives and thoughts are composed.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In recent years the humanities, social sciences and neuroscience have witnessed an ‘affective turn,’ especially in discourses around post-Fordist labor, economic and ecological crises, populism and identity politics, mental health, and political struggle. This new awareness would be unthinkable without the pioneering work of Gilles Deleuze, who replaced judgment with affect as the very material movement of thought: every concept is an affective experience, a becoming. Besides entirely active affects, the highest practice of thought, there is no thought without passive affects or passions. Instead of a calm and rational philosophy of passions, Deleuzian thought is therefore inseparable from “isolated and passionate cries” that deny what everybody knows and what nobody can deny: “every true thought is an aggression.”&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This inseparability of reason and passion is by no means an anti-intellectualist or irrationalist stance. Rather, it is critical, since it protects reason from its self-imposed stupidity (bêtise) by relating it to the unthought forces that condition it. And it is clinical, because thought becomes possessed by a power of selection. The purely active, i.e. free-floating, unrecorded desire, is never enough to produce a consistent relation to the future, which is why we need the passions to give us an initial orientation, to force and enable us to think. Passions are the beliefs, perceptions, representations, and opinions that attach us to the world; they make up the very material of which our lives and thoughts are composed.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In  recent  years  the  humanities,  the  social  sciences,  and  neu-roscience  have  witnessed  an  “affective  turn,”  especially  in  dis-courses around post-Fordist labor, the economic and ecological crisis, populism and identity politics, mental health, and politi-cal struggle.2 This new awareness of affect remains unthinkable without the pioneering work of Gilles Deleuze, who, following Baruch Spinoza, displaced the traditional opposition of reason and  emotion  with  the  new  opposition  between  sad  and  joyful  passions which diminish or increase our capacity to think and act.  He  thus  replaced  judgment  with  affect  as  the  very  move-ment  of  thought.  While  classical  rationalism  implies  a  moral  judgment over and against emotions, the new one is an ethical evaluation of the rationality of emotions themselves. As Spinoza already put it: “we neither strive for, not will, neither want, nor desire anything because we judge it to be good; on the contrary, we judge something to be good because we strive for it, will it, want it, and desire it.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In  recent  years  the  humanities,  the  social  sciences,  and  neu-roscience  have  witnessed  an  “affective  turn,”  especially  in  dis-courses around post-Fordist labor, the economic and ecological crisis, populism and identity politics, mental health, and politi-cal struggle.2 This new awareness of affect remains unthinkable without the pioneering work of Gilles Deleuze, who, following Baruch Spinoza, displaced the traditional opposition of reason and  emotion  with  the  new  opposition  between  sad  and  joyful  passions which diminish or increase our capacity to think and act.  He  thus  replaced  judgment  with  affect  as  the  very  move-ment  of  thought.  While  classical  rationalism  implies  a  moral  judgment over and against emotions, the new one is an ethical evaluation of the rationality of emotions themselves. As Spinoza already put it: “we neither strive for, not will, neither want, nor desire anything because we judge it to be good; on the contrary, we judge something to be good because we strive for it, will it, want it, and desire it.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">"Everywhere There Are Sad Passions"</TitleText>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;From  the  very  beginning  of  his  philosophical  career,  Gilles  Deleuze defined philosophy as the “creation of concepts.”2 Such creation,  however,  was  never  a  matter  of  “pure”  philosophy,  “‘pure’ theory,” at least if philosophy and theory were to be un-derstood in a “traditional,” in a reflexive and rationalist sense, in the sense of a “dogmatic image of thought.”3 Instead, the philo-sophical  creation  of  concepts  was  always  mediated  by  certain  affects, by passions, passing through the non-philosophical. Ac-cordingly, what Deleuze said about the late Michel Foucault was equally true of himself: “Thinking was never a matter of theory. It was to do with problems of life. It was life itself.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;From  the  very  beginning  of  his  philosophical  career,  Gilles  Deleuze defined philosophy as the “creation of concepts.”2 Such creation,  however,  was  never  a  matter  of  “pure”  philosophy,  “‘pure’ theory,” at least if philosophy and theory were to be un-derstood in a “traditional,” in a reflexive and rationalist sense, in the sense of a “dogmatic image of thought.”3 Instead, the philo-sophical  creation  of  concepts  was  always  mediated  by  certain  affects, by passions, passing through the non-philosophical. Ac-cordingly, what Deleuze said about the late Michel Foucault was equally true of himself: “Thinking was never a matter of theory. It was to do with problems of life. It was life itself.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">To Have Done with Judgment of "Reason"</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Deleuze's Aesthetic Ontology</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Samantha Bankston</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Friedrich  Nietz  sche,  in  “‘Reason’  in  Philosophy”  from  Twilight of the Idols, alerts us to the pitfalls of a metaphysical history that grounds itself on a fundamental error of temporality:Change, mutation, becoming in general were formerly taken as proof of appearance, as a sign of the presence of something which led us astray. Today, on the contrary, we see ourselves as it were entangled in error, necessitated to error, to precisely the extent that our prejudice in favor of reason compels us to posit  unity,  identity,  duration,  substance,  cause,  materiality,  being; however sure we may be, on the basis of a strict reck-oning, that error is to be found here.1These errors of Reason — unity, identity, mechanistic causality, and permanence — erect a tradition of judgment in the history of philosophy. The fundamental error of Reason is temporal in nature, where discontinuous states of Being supplant continuous processes of becoming. For Nietz sche, this amounts to a subor-dination  of  sense  to  a  moralistic  framework  that  never  shakes  off  the  onto-theological  hangover  of  the  Ancient  Greeks,  save  Heraclitus.2 Reason in the history of philosophy is a mortifica-tion of thought — concepts are lifeless artifacts of the past. If we eradicate Reason from philosophy, then what are we doing? As Gilles  Deleuze  exclaims,  “We’re  looking  for  ‘vitality.’”3  Deleuze  takes  seriously  the  errors  of  Reason,  as  outlined  by  Nietz  sche,  and  rather  than  do  away  with  metaphysics,  he  shatters  the  pillars  of  Reason  with  his  critique  of  the  dogmatic  “image  of  thought.” Just as the Signifier dies along with God, judgment in philosophy  dies  along  with  Reason.  In  this  essay,  I  will  illumi-nate the concept of becoming that Deleuze uses to reconfigure the history of metaphysics along the lines of Nietz sche’s critique of Reason. As the temporal logic of becoming in Deleuze splits into  the  becoming  of  pure  events  and  the  becoming  of  sensa-tion,  a  philosophy  of  affects  corrects  the  errors  which  arose  from Reason. Ultimately, Deleuze creates a metaphysical system beyond good and evil, replacing the dogmatic errors of Reason with the aesthetic potential of the new.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Friedrich  Nietz  sche,  in  “‘Reason’  in  Philosophy”  from  Twilight of the Idols, alerts us to the pitfalls of a metaphysical history that grounds itself on a fundamental error of temporality:Change, mutation, becoming in general were formerly taken as proof of appearance, as a sign of the presence of something which led us astray. Today, on the contrary, we see ourselves as it were entangled in error, necessitated to error, to precisely the extent that our prejudice in favor of reason compels us to posit  unity,  identity,  duration,  substance,  cause,  materiality,  being; however sure we may be, on the basis of a strict reck-oning, that error is to be found here.1These errors of Reason — unity, identity, mechanistic causality, and permanence — erect a tradition of judgment in the history of philosophy. The fundamental error of Reason is temporal in nature, where discontinuous states of Being supplant continuous processes of becoming. For Nietz sche, this amounts to a subor-dination  of  sense  to  a  moralistic  framework  that  never  shakes  off  the  onto-theological  hangover  of  the  Ancient  Greeks,  save  Heraclitus.2 Reason in the history of philosophy is a mortifica-tion of thought — concepts are lifeless artifacts of the past. If we eradicate Reason from philosophy, then what are we doing? As Gilles  Deleuze  exclaims,  “We’re  looking  for  ‘vitality.’”3  Deleuze  takes  seriously  the  errors  of  Reason,  as  outlined  by  Nietz  sche,  and  rather  than  do  away  with  metaphysics,  he  shatters  the  pillars  of  Reason  with  his  critique  of  the  dogmatic  “image  of  thought.” Just as the Signifier dies along with God, judgment in philosophy  dies  along  with  Reason.  In  this  essay,  I  will  illumi-nate the concept of becoming that Deleuze uses to reconfigure the history of metaphysics along the lines of Nietz sche’s critique of Reason. As the temporal logic of becoming in Deleuze splits into  the  becoming  of  pure  events  and  the  becoming  of  sensa-tion,  a  philosophy  of  affects  corrects  the  errors  which  arose  from Reason. Ultimately, Deleuze creates a metaphysical system beyond good and evil, replacing the dogmatic errors of Reason with the aesthetic potential of the new.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Closed Vessels and Signs</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Jealousy as a Passion for Reality</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Arjen Kleinherenbrink</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Gilles Deleuze’s Proust and Signs is a philosophical investigation of Marcel Proust’s In Search of Lost Time revolving around the concept of jealousy. According to Deleuze, Proust expands the experience of jealousy into a veritable “logic of jealousy” which discloses  that  reality  is  “a  schizoid  universe  of  closed  vessels.”1Deleuze explicates this logic by tracing how the Proustian lov-er’s jealousy fuels an apprenticeship in which a beloved is suc-cessively  experienced  in  terms  of  four  signs:  “material  signs”  of  worldliness,  love,  and  sensuous  qualities,  and  “immaterial  signs” of art. At each stage, the lover learns not just something about  the  beloved,  but  also  about  things  in  general.  The  signs,  however,  do  not  refer  to  four  kinds  of  entities  or  experiences.  There is only a formal distinction between them, and together they  constitute  a  theory  of  the  experience  and  essence  of  any  entity whatsoever, be it a love, a memory, a person, a madeleine, or cobblestones.Reconstructing&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Gilles Deleuze’s Proust and Signs is a philosophical investigation of Marcel Proust’s In Search of Lost Time revolving around the concept of jealousy. According to Deleuze, Proust expands the experience of jealousy into a veritable “logic of jealousy” which discloses  that  reality  is  “a  schizoid  universe  of  closed  vessels.”1Deleuze explicates this logic by tracing how the Proustian lov-er’s jealousy fuels an apprenticeship in which a beloved is suc-cessively  experienced  in  terms  of  four  signs:  “material  signs”  of  worldliness,  love,  and  sensuous  qualities,  and  “immaterial  signs” of art. At each stage, the lover learns not just something about  the  beloved,  but  also  about  things  in  general.  The  signs,  however,  do  not  refer  to  four  kinds  of  entities  or  experiences.  There is only a formal distinction between them, and together they  constitute  a  theory  of  the  experience  and  essence  of  any  entity whatsoever, be it a love, a memory, a person, a madeleine, or cobblestones.Reconstructing&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">The Drama of Ressentiment</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">The Philosopher versus the Priest</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Sjoerd van Tuinen</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>Erasmus University Rotterdam</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Following  the  terrorist  attack  on  Charlie  Hebdo  on  January  7,  2015,  Slavoj  Žižek  took  a  stance  against  the  consensus  that  the  assailants were fundamentalists. A true fundamentalist, after all, is deeply convinced of the superiority of his own way of life and therefore indifferent toward the non-believers’ way of life. When a Tibetan Buddhist encounters a Western hedonist, he may note that the hedonist’s search for happiness is self-defeating, but he will not condemn him for this. Today’s pseudo-fundamentalists, by  contrast,  are  deeply  bothered,  intrigued,  fascinated  by  the  sinful life of global consumerism. In fighting the other, they are in fact fighting themselves, and this is what makes them all the more passionate.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Following  the  terrorist  attack  on  Charlie  Hebdo  on  January  7,  2015,  Slavoj  Žižek  took  a  stance  against  the  consensus  that  the  assailants were fundamentalists. A true fundamentalist, after all, is deeply convinced of the superiority of his own way of life and therefore indifferent toward the non-believers’ way of life. When a Tibetan Buddhist encounters a Western hedonist, he may note that the hedonist’s search for happiness is self-defeating, but he will not condemn him for this. Today’s pseudo-fundamentalists, by  contrast,  are  deeply  bothered,  intrigued,  fascinated  by  the  sinful life of global consumerism. In fighting the other, they are in fact fighting themselves, and this is what makes them all the more passionate.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">The Affective Economy</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Producing and Consuming Affects in Deleuze and Guattari</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Jason Read</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>University of Southern Maine</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The  thought  of  Gilles  Deleuze  (and  Félix  Guattari)  bears  an  ambiguous relation with respect to the “affective turn” in social and political thought that it supposedly helped initiate. This am-biguity  touches  on  the  very  role  and  meaning  of  affects.  From  Deleuze’s  writings  on  Friedrich  Nietz  sche  and  Baruch  Spinoza  through  the  collaborations  of  Capitalism  and  Schizophrenia,  Deleuze and Guattari insist on the central role of the affects, joy, sadness, fear, and hope, as structuring individual and collective life.  In  that  sense,  Deleuze  and  Guattari  are  rightfully  hailed  as  central  figures  in  a  turn  toward  affect.  However,  if,  as  some  argue,  the  “affective  turn”  is  a  turn  toward  the  lived  over  the  structural  and  the  intimate  over  the  public,  then  Deleuze  and  Guattari’s thought has a much more complex relation to affects. The  broader  polemical  target  of  Deleuze  and  Guattari’s  Anti-Oedipus,  beyond  the  specific  polemics  with  psychoanalysis,  is  any explanatory theory that would reduce social relations to ex-pressions of individual passions and desires. Deleuze and Guat-tari’s claim that there is only “desire and the social, and nothing else” is oriented against such individualistic accounts of not only social relations but subjectivity as well.1 Moreover, Deleuze and Guattari’s theory of capitalism argues that it reproduces itself in and through the encounter of abstract quantities of money and labor  power,  and  as  such  is  a  social  relation  that  is  indifferent  to the beliefs and meaning that we attach to it. Thus, if affect is central to Deleuze and Guattari’s thought, it is necessary to add the caveats that affect must be thought of as anti-individualistic rather than individualistic, as social rather than intimate, and as impersonal, reflecting the abstractions that dominate life.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The  thought  of  Gilles  Deleuze  (and  Félix  Guattari)  bears  an  ambiguous relation with respect to the “affective turn” in social and political thought that it supposedly helped initiate. This am-biguity  touches  on  the  very  role  and  meaning  of  affects.  From  Deleuze’s  writings  on  Friedrich  Nietz  sche  and  Baruch  Spinoza  through  the  collaborations  of  Capitalism  and  Schizophrenia,  Deleuze and Guattari insist on the central role of the affects, joy, sadness, fear, and hope, as structuring individual and collective life.  In  that  sense,  Deleuze  and  Guattari  are  rightfully  hailed  as  central  figures  in  a  turn  toward  affect.  However,  if,  as  some  argue,  the  “affective  turn”  is  a  turn  toward  the  lived  over  the  structural  and  the  intimate  over  the  public,  then  Deleuze  and  Guattari’s thought has a much more complex relation to affects. The  broader  polemical  target  of  Deleuze  and  Guattari’s  Anti-Oedipus,  beyond  the  specific  polemics  with  psychoanalysis,  is  any explanatory theory that would reduce social relations to ex-pressions of individual passions and desires. Deleuze and Guat-tari’s claim that there is only “desire and the social, and nothing else” is oriented against such individualistic accounts of not only social relations but subjectivity as well.1 Moreover, Deleuze and Guattari’s theory of capitalism argues that it reproduces itself in and through the encounter of abstract quantities of money and labor  power,  and  as  such  is  a  social  relation  that  is  indifferent  to the beliefs and meaning that we attach to it. Thus, if affect is central to Deleuze and Guattari’s thought, it is necessary to add the caveats that affect must be thought of as anti-individualistic rather than individualistic, as social rather than intimate, and as impersonal, reflecting the abstractions that dominate life.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Deleuze's Transformation of the Ideology-Critique Project</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Noology Critique</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Benoît Dillet</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>University of Bath</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Fifty years after the publication of Reading Capital by Louis Al-thusser and his students, the political landscape is unrecogniz-able. We are immersed in economic parlance, from politicians, experts, and intellectuals: everyone claims to know best how to control the deficit, how to regulate the banking systems, how to stop  the  flows  of  tax  evasion,  etc.  Although  the  press  has  per-haps been too quick at pointing out the resurgence of Karl Marx and Marxist thought in the wake of the economic crisis, we are nonetheless  witnessing  a  certain  turn  to  political  economy  in  continental  philosophy.  It  is  as  if  critical  theory  had  forgotten  about  the  economic  order  and  on  waking  up  to  a  totally  dis-organized  and  deeply  unequal  world,  it  suddenly  found  itself  being accused by some of being compromised by the capitalist machinery, and by others as being speculative or naive. But this situation is hardly new; the end of the 1970s — with the rise of a  discourse  against  the  “totalitarian  left”  and  preparations  for  the  neoliberal  shock  therapies  —  also  saw  a  resurgence  of  the  problems  of  economic  reason  and  ideology.  When  we  charge  critical theory of being compromised by putting forward crea-tivity or acceleration as the ideology of neoliberal capitalism, we denounce (or regret) that ideology was not taken into account.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Fifty years after the publication of Reading Capital by Louis Al-thusser and his students, the political landscape is unrecogniz-able. We are immersed in economic parlance, from politicians, experts, and intellectuals: everyone claims to know best how to control the deficit, how to regulate the banking systems, how to stop  the  flows  of  tax  evasion,  etc.  Although  the  press  has  per-haps been too quick at pointing out the resurgence of Karl Marx and Marxist thought in the wake of the economic crisis, we are nonetheless  witnessing  a  certain  turn  to  political  economy  in  continental  philosophy.  It  is  as  if  critical  theory  had  forgotten  about  the  economic  order  and  on  waking  up  to  a  totally  dis-organized  and  deeply  unequal  world,  it  suddenly  found  itself  being accused by some of being compromised by the capitalist machinery, and by others as being speculative or naive. But this situation is hardly new; the end of the 1970s — with the rise of a  discourse  against  the  “totalitarian  left”  and  preparations  for  the  neoliberal  shock  therapies  —  also  saw  a  resurgence  of  the  problems  of  economic  reason  and  ideology.  When  we  charge  critical theory of being compromised by putting forward crea-tivity or acceleration as the ideology of neoliberal capitalism, we denounce (or regret) that ideology was not taken into account.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Passion, Cinema, and the Old Materialism</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Louis-Georges Schwartz</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>University of California, Irvine</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;At the end of the twentieth century, cinema underwent regime change,  not  death.  Cinema  has  become  universalized  in  the  form  of  gently  used  media.  Its  leading  edge  subordinates  both  movement and image to hostility, and articulates affect through a new set of images and signs. In the past, cinematic affect was transindividual, molecular, and social; the new regime express-es affect as a molar ready made imposed on individuals by the economy. The films themselves make it clear that these changes erupted from recent capitalist restructuring of both production and the markets. As a method for understanding the interaction of cinema and capital, I will force Gilles Deleuze’s Cinema 1 and Cinema 2 to become a draft, a draft of his lost project Grandeur de  Marx  and  analyze  affect  in  today’s  image  regime  with  Alex  Rivera’s Sleep Dealer (2008).&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;At the end of the twentieth century, cinema underwent regime change,  not  death.  Cinema  has  become  universalized  in  the  form  of  gently  used  media.  Its  leading  edge  subordinates  both  movement and image to hostility, and articulates affect through a new set of images and signs. In the past, cinematic affect was transindividual, molecular, and social; the new regime express-es affect as a molar ready made imposed on individuals by the economy. The films themselves make it clear that these changes erupted from recent capitalist restructuring of both production and the markets. As a method for understanding the interaction of cinema and capital, I will force Gilles Deleuze’s Cinema 1 and Cinema 2 to become a draft, a draft of his lost project Grandeur de  Marx  and  analyze  affect  in  today’s  image  regime  with  Alex  Rivera’s Sleep Dealer (2008).&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Death of Deleuze, Birth of Passion</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>David U.B. Liu</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The sound of water. What’s it like? Is it a wee blip in the stillness of the old, jaded pond? Or is it a triumphal plop that shatters the slumbering silence? What affect unfolds here? Is it the frog that jitters to the onslaught of the cold mass of water while shot put-ting itself over the pond and flails? Or is it the unwilling water that  parts  passionally,  suffering,  to  make  room  for  this  unruly  intruder?  Who  is  undergoing  whom,  how,  how  long  —  there  and here in the pond of our mind?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The sound of water. What’s it like? Is it a wee blip in the stillness of the old, jaded pond? Or is it a triumphal plop that shatters the slumbering silence? What affect unfolds here? Is it the frog that jitters to the onslaught of the cold mass of water while shot put-ting itself over the pond and flails? Or is it the unwilling water that  parts  passionally,  suffering,  to  make  room  for  this  unruly  intruder?  Who  is  undergoing  whom,  how,  how  long  —  there  and here in the pond of our mind?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <PersonName>Ceciel Meiborg</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In  recent  years  the  humanities,  the  social  sciences,  and  neu-roscience  have  witnessed  an  “affective  turn,”  especially  in  dis-courses around post-Fordist labor, the economic and ecological crisis, populism and identity politics, mental health, and politi-cal struggle.2 This new awareness of affect remains unthinkable without the pioneering work of Gilles Deleuze, who, following Baruch Spinoza, displaced the traditional opposition of reason and  emotion  with  the  new  opposition  between  sad  and  joyful  passions which diminish or increase our capacity to think and act.  He  thus  replaced  judgment  with  affect  as  the  very  move-ment  of  thought.  While  classical  rationalism  implies  a  moral  judgment over and against emotions, the new one is an ethical evaluation of the rationality of emotions themselves. As Spinoza already put it: “we neither strive for, not will, neither want, nor desire anything because we judge it to be good; on the contrary, we judge something to be good because we strive for it, will it, want it, and desire it.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;From  the  very  beginning  of  his  philosophical  career,  Gilles  Deleuze defined philosophy as the “creation of concepts.”2 Such creation,  however,  was  never  a  matter  of  “pure”  philosophy,  “‘pure’ theory,” at least if philosophy and theory were to be un-derstood in a “traditional,” in a reflexive and rationalist sense, in the sense of a “dogmatic image of thought.”3 Instead, the philo-sophical  creation  of  concepts  was  always  mediated  by  certain  affects, by passions, passing through the non-philosophical. Ac-cordingly, what Deleuze said about the late Michel Foucault was equally true of himself: “Thinking was never a matter of theory. It was to do with problems of life. It was life itself.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;From  the  very  beginning  of  his  philosophical  career,  Gilles  Deleuze defined philosophy as the “creation of concepts.”2 Such creation,  however,  was  never  a  matter  of  “pure”  philosophy,  “‘pure’ theory,” at least if philosophy and theory were to be un-derstood in a “traditional,” in a reflexive and rationalist sense, in the sense of a “dogmatic image of thought.”3 Instead, the philo-sophical  creation  of  concepts  was  always  mediated  by  certain  affects, by passions, passing through the non-philosophical. Ac-cordingly, what Deleuze said about the late Michel Foucault was equally true of himself: “Thinking was never a matter of theory. It was to do with problems of life. It was life itself.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">To Have Done with Judgment of "Reason"</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Deleuze's Aesthetic Ontology</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Samantha Bankston</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Friedrich  Nietz  sche,  in  “‘Reason’  in  Philosophy”  from  Twilight of the Idols, alerts us to the pitfalls of a metaphysical history that grounds itself on a fundamental error of temporality:Change, mutation, becoming in general were formerly taken as proof of appearance, as a sign of the presence of something which led us astray. Today, on the contrary, we see ourselves as it were entangled in error, necessitated to error, to precisely the extent that our prejudice in favor of reason compels us to posit  unity,  identity,  duration,  substance,  cause,  materiality,  being; however sure we may be, on the basis of a strict reck-oning, that error is to be found here.1These errors of Reason — unity, identity, mechanistic causality, and permanence — erect a tradition of judgment in the history of philosophy. The fundamental error of Reason is temporal in nature, where discontinuous states of Being supplant continuous processes of becoming. For Nietz sche, this amounts to a subor-dination  of  sense  to  a  moralistic  framework  that  never  shakes  off  the  onto-theological  hangover  of  the  Ancient  Greeks,  save  Heraclitus.2 Reason in the history of philosophy is a mortifica-tion of thought — concepts are lifeless artifacts of the past. If we eradicate Reason from philosophy, then what are we doing? As Gilles  Deleuze  exclaims,  “We’re  looking  for  ‘vitality.’”3  Deleuze  takes  seriously  the  errors  of  Reason,  as  outlined  by  Nietz  sche,  and  rather  than  do  away  with  metaphysics,  he  shatters  the  pillars  of  Reason  with  his  critique  of  the  dogmatic  “image  of  thought.” Just as the Signifier dies along with God, judgment in philosophy  dies  along  with  Reason.  In  this  essay,  I  will  illumi-nate the concept of becoming that Deleuze uses to reconfigure the history of metaphysics along the lines of Nietz sche’s critique of Reason. As the temporal logic of becoming in Deleuze splits into  the  becoming  of  pure  events  and  the  becoming  of  sensa-tion,  a  philosophy  of  affects  corrects  the  errors  which  arose  from Reason. Ultimately, Deleuze creates a metaphysical system beyond good and evil, replacing the dogmatic errors of Reason with the aesthetic potential of the new.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Friedrich  Nietz  sche,  in  “‘Reason’  in  Philosophy”  from  Twilight of the Idols, alerts us to the pitfalls of a metaphysical history that grounds itself on a fundamental error of temporality:Change, mutation, becoming in general were formerly taken as proof of appearance, as a sign of the presence of something which led us astray. Today, on the contrary, we see ourselves as it were entangled in error, necessitated to error, to precisely the extent that our prejudice in favor of reason compels us to posit  unity,  identity,  duration,  substance,  cause,  materiality,  being; however sure we may be, on the basis of a strict reck-oning, that error is to be found here.1These errors of Reason — unity, identity, mechanistic causality, and permanence — erect a tradition of judgment in the history of philosophy. The fundamental error of Reason is temporal in nature, where discontinuous states of Being supplant continuous processes of becoming. For Nietz sche, this amounts to a subor-dination  of  sense  to  a  moralistic  framework  that  never  shakes  off  the  onto-theological  hangover  of  the  Ancient  Greeks,  save  Heraclitus.2 Reason in the history of philosophy is a mortifica-tion of thought — concepts are lifeless artifacts of the past. If we eradicate Reason from philosophy, then what are we doing? As Gilles  Deleuze  exclaims,  “We’re  looking  for  ‘vitality.’”3  Deleuze  takes  seriously  the  errors  of  Reason,  as  outlined  by  Nietz  sche,  and  rather  than  do  away  with  metaphysics,  he  shatters  the  pillars  of  Reason  with  his  critique  of  the  dogmatic  “image  of  thought.” Just as the Signifier dies along with God, judgment in philosophy  dies  along  with  Reason.  In  this  essay,  I  will  illumi-nate the concept of becoming that Deleuze uses to reconfigure the history of metaphysics along the lines of Nietz sche’s critique of Reason. As the temporal logic of becoming in Deleuze splits into  the  becoming  of  pure  events  and  the  becoming  of  sensa-tion,  a  philosophy  of  affects  corrects  the  errors  which  arose  from Reason. Ultimately, Deleuze creates a metaphysical system beyond good and evil, replacing the dogmatic errors of Reason with the aesthetic potential of the new.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Closed Vessels and Signs</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Jealousy as a Passion for Reality</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Arjen Kleinherenbrink</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Gilles Deleuze’s Proust and Signs is a philosophical investigation of Marcel Proust’s In Search of Lost Time revolving around the concept of jealousy. According to Deleuze, Proust expands the experience of jealousy into a veritable “logic of jealousy” which discloses  that  reality  is  “a  schizoid  universe  of  closed  vessels.”1Deleuze explicates this logic by tracing how the Proustian lov-er’s jealousy fuels an apprenticeship in which a beloved is suc-cessively  experienced  in  terms  of  four  signs:  “material  signs”  of  worldliness,  love,  and  sensuous  qualities,  and  “immaterial  signs” of art. At each stage, the lover learns not just something about  the  beloved,  but  also  about  things  in  general.  The  signs,  however,  do  not  refer  to  four  kinds  of  entities  or  experiences.  There is only a formal distinction between them, and together they  constitute  a  theory  of  the  experience  and  essence  of  any  entity whatsoever, be it a love, a memory, a person, a madeleine, or cobblestones.Reconstructing&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Gilles Deleuze’s Proust and Signs is a philosophical investigation of Marcel Proust’s In Search of Lost Time revolving around the concept of jealousy. According to Deleuze, Proust expands the experience of jealousy into a veritable “logic of jealousy” which discloses  that  reality  is  “a  schizoid  universe  of  closed  vessels.”1Deleuze explicates this logic by tracing how the Proustian lov-er’s jealousy fuels an apprenticeship in which a beloved is suc-cessively  experienced  in  terms  of  four  signs:  “material  signs”  of  worldliness,  love,  and  sensuous  qualities,  and  “immaterial  signs” of art. At each stage, the lover learns not just something about  the  beloved,  but  also  about  things  in  general.  The  signs,  however,  do  not  refer  to  four  kinds  of  entities  or  experiences.  There is only a formal distinction between them, and together they  constitute  a  theory  of  the  experience  and  essence  of  any  entity whatsoever, be it a love, a memory, a person, a madeleine, or cobblestones.Reconstructing&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">The Drama of Ressentiment</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">The Philosopher versus the Priest</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Sjoerd van Tuinen</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>Erasmus University Rotterdam</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Following  the  terrorist  attack  on  Charlie  Hebdo  on  January  7,  2015,  Slavoj  Žižek  took  a  stance  against  the  consensus  that  the  assailants were fundamentalists. A true fundamentalist, after all, is deeply convinced of the superiority of his own way of life and therefore indifferent toward the non-believers’ way of life. When a Tibetan Buddhist encounters a Western hedonist, he may note that the hedonist’s search for happiness is self-defeating, but he will not condemn him for this. Today’s pseudo-fundamentalists, by  contrast,  are  deeply  bothered,  intrigued,  fascinated  by  the  sinful life of global consumerism. In fighting the other, they are in fact fighting themselves, and this is what makes them all the more passionate.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Following  the  terrorist  attack  on  Charlie  Hebdo  on  January  7,  2015,  Slavoj  Žižek  took  a  stance  against  the  consensus  that  the  assailants were fundamentalists. A true fundamentalist, after all, is deeply convinced of the superiority of his own way of life and therefore indifferent toward the non-believers’ way of life. When a Tibetan Buddhist encounters a Western hedonist, he may note that the hedonist’s search for happiness is self-defeating, but he will not condemn him for this. Today’s pseudo-fundamentalists, by  contrast,  are  deeply  bothered,  intrigued,  fascinated  by  the  sinful life of global consumerism. In fighting the other, they are in fact fighting themselves, and this is what makes them all the more passionate.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">The Affective Economy</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Producing and Consuming Affects in Deleuze and Guattari</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Jason Read</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The  thought  of  Gilles  Deleuze  (and  Félix  Guattari)  bears  an  ambiguous relation with respect to the “affective turn” in social and political thought that it supposedly helped initiate. This am-biguity  touches  on  the  very  role  and  meaning  of  affects.  From  Deleuze’s  writings  on  Friedrich  Nietz  sche  and  Baruch  Spinoza  through  the  collaborations  of  Capitalism  and  Schizophrenia,  Deleuze and Guattari insist on the central role of the affects, joy, sadness, fear, and hope, as structuring individual and collective life.  In  that  sense,  Deleuze  and  Guattari  are  rightfully  hailed  as  central  figures  in  a  turn  toward  affect.  However,  if,  as  some  argue,  the  “affective  turn”  is  a  turn  toward  the  lived  over  the  structural  and  the  intimate  over  the  public,  then  Deleuze  and  Guattari’s thought has a much more complex relation to affects. The  broader  polemical  target  of  Deleuze  and  Guattari’s  Anti-Oedipus,  beyond  the  specific  polemics  with  psychoanalysis,  is  any explanatory theory that would reduce social relations to ex-pressions of individual passions and desires. Deleuze and Guat-tari’s claim that there is only “desire and the social, and nothing else” is oriented against such individualistic accounts of not only social relations but subjectivity as well.1 Moreover, Deleuze and Guattari’s theory of capitalism argues that it reproduces itself in and through the encounter of abstract quantities of money and labor  power,  and  as  such  is  a  social  relation  that  is  indifferent  to the beliefs and meaning that we attach to it. Thus, if affect is central to Deleuze and Guattari’s thought, it is necessary to add the caveats that affect must be thought of as anti-individualistic rather than individualistic, as social rather than intimate, and as impersonal, reflecting the abstractions that dominate life.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The  thought  of  Gilles  Deleuze  (and  Félix  Guattari)  bears  an  ambiguous relation with respect to the “affective turn” in social and political thought that it supposedly helped initiate. This am-biguity  touches  on  the  very  role  and  meaning  of  affects.  From  Deleuze’s  writings  on  Friedrich  Nietz  sche  and  Baruch  Spinoza  through  the  collaborations  of  Capitalism  and  Schizophrenia,  Deleuze and Guattari insist on the central role of the affects, joy, sadness, fear, and hope, as structuring individual and collective life.  In  that  sense,  Deleuze  and  Guattari  are  rightfully  hailed  as  central  figures  in  a  turn  toward  affect.  However,  if,  as  some  argue,  the  “affective  turn”  is  a  turn  toward  the  lived  over  the  structural  and  the  intimate  over  the  public,  then  Deleuze  and  Guattari’s thought has a much more complex relation to affects. The  broader  polemical  target  of  Deleuze  and  Guattari’s  Anti-Oedipus,  beyond  the  specific  polemics  with  psychoanalysis,  is  any explanatory theory that would reduce social relations to ex-pressions of individual passions and desires. Deleuze and Guat-tari’s claim that there is only “desire and the social, and nothing else” is oriented against such individualistic accounts of not only social relations but subjectivity as well.1 Moreover, Deleuze and Guattari’s theory of capitalism argues that it reproduces itself in and through the encounter of abstract quantities of money and labor  power,  and  as  such  is  a  social  relation  that  is  indifferent  to the beliefs and meaning that we attach to it. Thus, if affect is central to Deleuze and Guattari’s thought, it is necessary to add the caveats that affect must be thought of as anti-individualistic rather than individualistic, as social rather than intimate, and as impersonal, reflecting the abstractions that dominate life.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Deleuze's Transformation of the Ideology-Critique Project</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Noology Critique</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Benoît Dillet</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>University of Bath</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Fifty years after the publication of Reading Capital by Louis Al-thusser and his students, the political landscape is unrecogniz-able. We are immersed in economic parlance, from politicians, experts, and intellectuals: everyone claims to know best how to control the deficit, how to regulate the banking systems, how to stop  the  flows  of  tax  evasion,  etc.  Although  the  press  has  per-haps been too quick at pointing out the resurgence of Karl Marx and Marxist thought in the wake of the economic crisis, we are nonetheless  witnessing  a  certain  turn  to  political  economy  in  continental  philosophy.  It  is  as  if  critical  theory  had  forgotten  about  the  economic  order  and  on  waking  up  to  a  totally  dis-organized  and  deeply  unequal  world,  it  suddenly  found  itself  being accused by some of being compromised by the capitalist machinery, and by others as being speculative or naive. But this situation is hardly new; the end of the 1970s — with the rise of a  discourse  against  the  “totalitarian  left”  and  preparations  for  the  neoliberal  shock  therapies  —  also  saw  a  resurgence  of  the  problems  of  economic  reason  and  ideology.  When  we  charge  critical theory of being compromised by putting forward crea-tivity or acceleration as the ideology of neoliberal capitalism, we denounce (or regret) that ideology was not taken into account.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Fifty years after the publication of Reading Capital by Louis Al-thusser and his students, the political landscape is unrecogniz-able. We are immersed in economic parlance, from politicians, experts, and intellectuals: everyone claims to know best how to control the deficit, how to regulate the banking systems, how to stop  the  flows  of  tax  evasion,  etc.  Although  the  press  has  per-haps been too quick at pointing out the resurgence of Karl Marx and Marxist thought in the wake of the economic crisis, we are nonetheless  witnessing  a  certain  turn  to  political  economy  in  continental  philosophy.  It  is  as  if  critical  theory  had  forgotten  about  the  economic  order  and  on  waking  up  to  a  totally  dis-organized  and  deeply  unequal  world,  it  suddenly  found  itself  being accused by some of being compromised by the capitalist machinery, and by others as being speculative or naive. But this situation is hardly new; the end of the 1970s — with the rise of a  discourse  against  the  “totalitarian  left”  and  preparations  for  the  neoliberal  shock  therapies  —  also  saw  a  resurgence  of  the  problems  of  economic  reason  and  ideology.  When  we  charge  critical theory of being compromised by putting forward crea-tivity or acceleration as the ideology of neoliberal capitalism, we denounce (or regret) that ideology was not taken into account.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Passion, Cinema, and the Old Materialism</TitleText>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;At the end of the twentieth century, cinema underwent regime change,  not  death.  Cinema  has  become  universalized  in  the  form  of  gently  used  media.  Its  leading  edge  subordinates  both  movement and image to hostility, and articulates affect through a new set of images and signs. In the past, cinematic affect was transindividual, molecular, and social; the new regime express-es affect as a molar ready made imposed on individuals by the economy. The films themselves make it clear that these changes erupted from recent capitalist restructuring of both production and the markets. As a method for understanding the interaction of cinema and capital, I will force Gilles Deleuze’s Cinema 1 and Cinema 2 to become a draft, a draft of his lost project Grandeur de  Marx  and  analyze  affect  in  today’s  image  regime  with  Alex  Rivera’s Sleep Dealer (2008).&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;At the end of the twentieth century, cinema underwent regime change,  not  death.  Cinema  has  become  universalized  in  the  form  of  gently  used  media.  Its  leading  edge  subordinates  both  movement and image to hostility, and articulates affect through a new set of images and signs. In the past, cinematic affect was transindividual, molecular, and social; the new regime express-es affect as a molar ready made imposed on individuals by the economy. The films themselves make it clear that these changes erupted from recent capitalist restructuring of both production and the markets. As a method for understanding the interaction of cinema and capital, I will force Gilles Deleuze’s Cinema 1 and Cinema 2 to become a draft, a draft of his lost project Grandeur de  Marx  and  analyze  affect  in  today’s  image  regime  with  Alex  Rivera’s Sleep Dealer (2008).&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Death of Deleuze, Birth of Passion</TitleText>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The sound of water. What’s it like? Is it a wee blip in the stillness of the old, jaded pond? Or is it a triumphal plop that shatters the slumbering silence? What affect unfolds here? Is it the frog that jitters to the onslaught of the cold mass of water while shot put-ting itself over the pond and flails? Or is it the unwilling water that  parts  passionally,  suffering,  to  make  room  for  this  unruly  intruder?  Who  is  undergoing  whom,  how,  how  long  —  there  and here in the pond of our mind?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The sound of water. What’s it like? Is it a wee blip in the stillness of the old, jaded pond? Or is it a triumphal plop that shatters the slumbering silence? What affect unfolds here? Is it the frog that jitters to the onslaught of the cold mass of water while shot put-ting itself over the pond and flails? Or is it the unwilling water that  parts  passionally,  suffering,  to  make  room  for  this  unruly  intruder?  Who  is  undergoing  whom,  how,  how  long  —  there  and here in the pond of our mind?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <PersonName>Ceciel Meiborg</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In recent years the humanities, social sciences and neuroscience have witnessed an ‘affective turn,’ especially in discourses around post-Fordist labor, economic and ecological crises, populism and identity politics, mental health, and political struggle. This new awareness would be unthinkable without the pioneering work of Gilles Deleuze, who replaced judgment with affect as the very material movement of thought: every concept is an affective experience, a becoming. Besides entirely active affects, the highest practice of thought, there is no thought without passive affects or passions. Instead of a calm and rational philosophy of passions, Deleuzian thought is therefore inseparable from “isolated and passionate cries” that deny what everybody knows and what nobody can deny: “every true thought is an aggression.”&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This inseparability of reason and passion is by no means an anti-intellectualist or irrationalist stance. Rather, it is critical, since it protects reason from its self-imposed stupidity (bêtise) by relating it to the unthought forces that condition it. And it is clinical, because thought becomes possessed by a power of selection. The purely active, i.e. free-floating, unrecorded desire, is never enough to produce a consistent relation to the future, which is why we need the passions to give us an initial orientation, to force and enable us to think. Passions are the beliefs, perceptions, representations, and opinions that attach us to the world; they make up the very material of which our lives and thoughts are composed.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In recent years the humanities, social sciences and neuroscience have witnessed an ‘affective turn,’ especially in discourses around post-Fordist labor, economic and ecological crises, populism and identity politics, mental health, and political struggle. This new awareness would be unthinkable without the pioneering work of Gilles Deleuze, who replaced judgment with affect as the very material movement of thought: every concept is an affective experience, a becoming. Besides entirely active affects, the highest practice of thought, there is no thought without passive affects or passions. Instead of a calm and rational philosophy of passions, Deleuzian thought is therefore inseparable from “isolated and passionate cries” that deny what everybody knows and what nobody can deny: “every true thought is an aggression.”&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This inseparability of reason and passion is by no means an anti-intellectualist or irrationalist stance. Rather, it is critical, since it protects reason from its self-imposed stupidity (bêtise) by relating it to the unthought forces that condition it. And it is clinical, because thought becomes possessed by a power of selection. The purely active, i.e. free-floating, unrecorded desire, is never enough to produce a consistent relation to the future, which is why we need the passions to give us an initial orientation, to force and enable us to think. Passions are the beliefs, perceptions, representations, and opinions that attach us to the world; they make up the very material of which our lives and thoughts are composed.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Coming from behind (derrière)—how else to describe a volume called “Derrida and Queer Theory”? — as if arriving late to the party, or, indeed, after the party is already over. After all, we already have Deleuze and Queer Theory and, of course, Saint Foucault. And judging by Annamarie Jagose’s Queer Theory: An Introduction, in which there is not a single mention of “Derrida” (or “deconstruction”) — even in the sub-chapter titled “The Post-Structuralist Context of Queer” — one would think that Derrida was not only late to the party, but was never there at all.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This untimely volume, then, with wide-ranging essays from key thinkers in the field, addresses, among other things, what could be called the disavowed debt to “Derrida” in canonical “queer theory.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Coming from behind (derrière)—how else to describe a volume called “Derrida and Queer Theory”? — as if arriving late to the party, or, indeed, after the party is already over. After all, we already have Deleuze and Queer Theory and, of course, Saint Foucault. And judging by Annamarie Jagose’s Queer Theory: An Introduction, in which there is not a single mention of “Derrida” (or “deconstruction”) — even in the sub-chapter titled “The Post-Structuralist Context of Queer” — one would think that Derrida was not only late to the party, but was never there at all.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This untimely volume, then, with wide-ranging essays from key thinkers in the field, addresses, among other things, what could be called the disavowed debt to “Derrida” in canonical “queer theory.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;coming from behind (derrière)—how else to describe a volumecalled “Derrida and queer Theory”?—as if arriving late to the party,or, indeed, after the party is already over. after all, we already haveDeleuze and Queer Theory1and, of course, Saint Foucault. Judgingby annamarie Jagose’s Queer Theory: An Introduction, in which thereis not a single mention of “Derrida” (or “deconstruction”)—even inthe sub-chapter titled “The post-structuralist context of queer”—,one would think that Derrida was not only late to the party, but wasnever there at all.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;coming from behind (derrière)—how else to describe a volumecalled “Derrida and queer Theory”?—as if arriving late to the party,or, indeed, after the party is already over. after all, we already haveDeleuze and Queer Theory1and, of course, Saint Foucault. Judgingby annamarie Jagose’s Queer Theory: An Introduction, in which thereis not a single mention of “Derrida” (or “deconstruction”)—even inthe sub-chapter titled “The post-structuralist context of queer”—,one would think that Derrida was not only late to the party, but wasnever there at all.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;My preface comes both before and after, preposterously, in the etymological sense. it comes first for you, dear reader, but after for me, since it is being written after i have read all the essays in this book. i have read them with admiration and intellectual excitement. They have changed my assumptions about queer theory. I have heard of a philosophy professor who said of Jacques Derrida, mendaciously, “Well, he’s dead so we don’t have to worry about him anymore.” Derrida, in the final interview with Le Monde, given just a few weeks before his death, said, perhaps ironically, perhaps not, that he expected he and all his works would beforgotten two months after his death. Just the opposite hashappened. a great outpouring of distinguished conferences, essays,and books from all over the world has occurred since his death.This book is a wonderful example of that. it is the first book focusedon the relation between Derrida’s work and queer theory. Theessays are admirably diverse and learned. each explores a differentfacet of Derrida’s work. each essay shows in detail a given facet’sindispensable function in one or another feature of queer theorytoday. each has, in a distinctive way, an enviable conceptual andlinguistic exuberance. This not only echoes Derrida’s similarexuberance, but also bears witness that the humanities are stillvigorous, even in these bad times for them. These essays testifymovingly to the fundamental role that Derrida’s work has played&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;My preface comes both before and after, preposterously, in the etymological sense. it comes first for you, dear reader, but after for me, since it is being written after i have read all the essays in this book. i have read them with admiration and intellectual excitement. They have changed my assumptions about queer theory. I have heard of a philosophy professor who said of Jacques Derrida, mendaciously, “Well, he’s dead so we don’t have to worry about him anymore.” Derrida, in the final interview with Le Monde, given just a few weeks before his death, said, perhaps ironically, perhaps not, that he expected he and all his works would beforgotten two months after his death. Just the opposite hashappened. a great outpouring of distinguished conferences, essays,and books from all over the world has occurred since his death.This book is a wonderful example of that. it is the first book focusedon the relation between Derrida’s work and queer theory. Theessays are admirably diverse and learned. each explores a differentfacet of Derrida’s work. each essay shows in detail a given facet’sindispensable function in one or another feature of queer theorytoday. each has, in a distinctive way, an enviable conceptual andlinguistic exuberance. This not only echoes Derrida’s similarexuberance, but also bears witness that the humanities are stillvigorous, even in these bad times for them. These essays testifymovingly to the fundamental role that Derrida’s work has played&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Queer’s not just a queer word but belongs, if it belongs, to a queer time.i would like to think of that sentence as a tiny installation, a snow-flake of sound, around which one might take one or more queerturns, or sketch a few queer footnotes. There is, perhaps, a queertheory of the First sentence. in a dreamy, radical passivity, iimagined an encounter of “deconstruction and queer theory” inrelation to the writings of Leo bersani, starting with the falling intoplace of the First sentence. What is the character of a first sentence?How, along what paths and with what effects, does the tone adoptyou as much as you it (to borrow Derrida’s formulation)? How doesit commit or even (in the strongest sense) determine you? bersani isfascinated by what happens, like lightning, by what is struck orstriking in first sentences. “There is a big secret about sex: mostpeople don’t like it.”3“The vagina is a logical defect in nature.”4“psychoanalytically speaking, monogamy is cognitively inconceivable and morally indefensible.”5These are three of his first sentences,the opening words of “is the rectum a Grave?,” “Merde alors” (anessay co-authored with ulysse Dutoit), and “against Monogamy,”respectively. i could envisage devoting a separate essay to each ofthese sentences, in homage to the thinker who, it seems to me, firstelaborated, a good while before Judith butler and others, thetheoretical and political dimensions of deconstruction and queertheory.6but in the limited time i have here, this will have to besignalled as a bypath—a bypath that inevitably takes in Billy Budd,a path by billy, a billy by-blow, proceeding and even coming intobud, by way of the opening of chapter 4 of that masterpiece inwhich Melville’s narrator declares: “in this matter of writing, resolveas one may to keep to the main road, some paths have an enticementnot readily to be withstood. i am going to err into such a bypath.if the reader will keep me company i shall be glad. at the least, wecan promise ourselves that pleasure which is wickedly said to be insinning, for a literary sin the divergence will be.”7Does Billy Buddhave a main road? What would it mean to keep its narratorcompany? How should we construe the pleasure of literary sinningand what might be discovered on its bypaths?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Queer’s not just a queer word but belongs, if it belongs, to a queer time.i would like to think of that sentence as a tiny installation, a snow-flake of sound, around which one might take one or more queerturns, or sketch a few queer footnotes. There is, perhaps, a queertheory of the First sentence. in a dreamy, radical passivity, iimagined an encounter of “deconstruction and queer theory” inrelation to the writings of Leo bersani, starting with the falling intoplace of the First sentence. What is the character of a first sentence?How, along what paths and with what effects, does the tone adoptyou as much as you it (to borrow Derrida’s formulation)? How doesit commit or even (in the strongest sense) determine you? bersani isfascinated by what happens, like lightning, by what is struck orstriking in first sentences. “There is a big secret about sex: mostpeople don’t like it.”3“The vagina is a logical defect in nature.”4“psychoanalytically speaking, monogamy is cognitively inconceivable and morally indefensible.”5These are three of his first sentences,the opening words of “is the rectum a Grave?,” “Merde alors” (anessay co-authored with ulysse Dutoit), and “against Monogamy,”respectively. i could envisage devoting a separate essay to each ofthese sentences, in homage to the thinker who, it seems to me, firstelaborated, a good while before Judith butler and others, thetheoretical and political dimensions of deconstruction and queertheory.6but in the limited time i have here, this will have to besignalled as a bypath—a bypath that inevitably takes in Billy Budd,a path by billy, a billy by-blow, proceeding and even coming intobud, by way of the opening of chapter 4 of that masterpiece inwhich Melville’s narrator declares: “in this matter of writing, resolveas one may to keep to the main road, some paths have an enticementnot readily to be withstood. i am going to err into such a bypath.if the reader will keep me company i shall be glad. at the least, wecan promise ourselves that pleasure which is wickedly said to be insinning, for a literary sin the divergence will be.”7Does Billy Buddhave a main road? What would it mean to keep its narratorcompany? How should we construe the pleasure of literary sinningand what might be discovered on its bypaths?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;as we know, as “it has been written,” and as i have emphasized in what you will have just (epigraphically) read, “Derrida argued.” Or, if you prefer, as i do, to obey the still regnant rhetorical convention and employ the present tense when describing what “has been written” (and so, in a sense, bring the dead back to life), then, as we might argue:Derrida (still) writes.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;as we know, as “it has been written,” and as i have emphasized in what you will have just (epigraphically) read, “Derrida argued.” Or, if you prefer, as i do, to obey the still regnant rhetorical convention and employ the present tense when describing what “has been written” (and so, in a sense, bring the dead back to life), then, as we might argue:Derrida (still) writes.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This essay resumes after an anacoluthic interruption.1it returns tothe question of “woman” which i raised but left unanswered in apaper presented at the Derrida: Negotiating the Legacyconference.2When i presented that paper, my discussant asked, with acuteperceptiveness, why i had concentrated in the end on grammar—the figure of the anacoluthon—and left undeveloped the questionof “woman.” My answer was instinctive and immediate: “becausegrammar’s easier.” i still hold by this assertion. The question of“woman,” both in Jacques Derrida’s writing and beyond, is difficultand complex. it consists, as i understand it, of two interrelatedparts: the first is the question of the relation between “woman” andwomen, that is, between a philosophical or ontological concept of “woman” and the political and everyday realities of embodied femalesubjects; the second is the question of the relation between womenand men, the question of sexual difference. My issue in the earlierpaper was with the first aspect of this question—Derrida’s use of“woman” in his writings. as Gayatri chakravorty spivak elaboratesin her review essay of Derrida’s La carte postale(1981)—“Love Me,Love my ombre, elle” (1984)—Derrida uses “woman” as the figure of deconstructive undecidability, part of a process of resexualizing phallogocentric discourse that is integral to his deconstruction of Western metaphysics.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This essay resumes after an anacoluthic interruption.1it returns tothe question of “woman” which i raised but left unanswered in apaper presented at the Derrida: Negotiating the Legacyconference.2When i presented that paper, my discussant asked, with acuteperceptiveness, why i had concentrated in the end on grammar—the figure of the anacoluthon—and left undeveloped the questionof “woman.” My answer was instinctive and immediate: “becausegrammar’s easier.” i still hold by this assertion. The question of“woman,” both in Jacques Derrida’s writing and beyond, is difficultand complex. it consists, as i understand it, of two interrelatedparts: the first is the question of the relation between “woman” andwomen, that is, between a philosophical or ontological concept of “woman” and the political and everyday realities of embodied femalesubjects; the second is the question of the relation between womenand men, the question of sexual difference. My issue in the earlierpaper was with the first aspect of this question—Derrida’s use of“woman” in his writings. as Gayatri chakravorty spivak elaboratesin her review essay of Derrida’s La carte postale(1981)—“Love Me,Love my ombre, elle” (1984)—Derrida uses “woman” as the figure of deconstructive undecidability, part of a process of resexualizing phallogocentric discourse that is integral to his deconstruction of Western metaphysics.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Les chats de Derrida</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Carla Freccero</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;i have previously suggested that Derridean theoretical practice canbe understood to be “always already” queer theory, if queer theoryis understood in one of its valences, that is, as an immaterialde-normativization that works at the level of language, thought, andideology to critique, but in a viral fashion, by replicating terms andre-purposing them so that their operation moves down paths thatare overgrown with the bushes of normative philosophical thought.2These paths are inscriptions; they don’t quite open up, but theyleave—or are—traces, and can be followed, like the tracks thatDerrida is following in L’Animal que donc je suis.in Queer/Early/Moderni argued that key terms that have emerged fromdeconstructive gestures include queer, though “queer,” i think,carries with it—as the wind does scent—a faint but specific whiffof sex/sexual identity/sexuality. one way to think about this is tosay that after Derrida all theory is “queer,” or rather that Derridahelps us to understand how theory is always already queer, andto affirm this queerness further. i also wanted to find in Derrida’sspectrality a way to queer temporality that takes into account theaffective force of fantasy, that is, the way the past lives on as akind of immaterial materiality through affect, a force that is notsomething we “see” necessarily, but something we feel.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;i have previously suggested that Derridean theoretical practice canbe understood to be “always already” queer theory, if queer theoryis understood in one of its valences, that is, as an immaterialde-normativization that works at the level of language, thought, andideology to critique, but in a viral fashion, by replicating terms andre-purposing them so that their operation moves down paths thatare overgrown with the bushes of normative philosophical thought.2These paths are inscriptions; they don’t quite open up, but theyleave—or are—traces, and can be followed, like the tracks thatDerrida is following in L’Animal que donc je suis.in Queer/Early/Moderni argued that key terms that have emerged fromdeconstructive gestures include queer, though “queer,” i think,carries with it—as the wind does scent—a faint but specific whiffof sex/sexual identity/sexuality. one way to think about this is tosay that after Derrida all theory is “queer,” or rather that Derridahelps us to understand how theory is always already queer, andto affirm this queerness further. i also wanted to find in Derrida’sspectrality a way to queer temporality that takes into account theaffective force of fantasy, that is, the way the past lives on as akind of immaterial materiality through affect, a force that is notsomething we “see” necessarily, but something we feel.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Derrida's Queer Root(s)</TitleText>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;in Of Grammatology, Jacques Derrida writes, “The trace is not onlythe disappearance of origin . . . it means that the origin did not evendisappear, that it was never constituted except reciprocally [en retour/in retrospect] by a nonorigin, the trace, which thus becomes theorigin of the origin.”2by asserting the après-coupconstitution oforigins, Derrida therefore implies that searching for, then “finding,”one’s roots consists not in returning to pre-existing origins; rather,the very return posits them after the factas if they existed prior to it.3at first glance, this key passage for what may be called Derrida’sdeconstruction of origins(a critical component of the deconstructionof essence since his earliest writings) might seem contrary to thearticulation of identity through narrative returns to origins or roots.indeed, if the notion of roots literalizes identity’s essence as anorganic attachment to its origins in a material, geographical site, then, for Derrida, any metaphysical search for origins is actually awriting of origins as fiction, that is, of original fictions. Yet Derridaincreasingly wove an autobiographical thread into writings like“circumfession”4and Monolingualism of the Other5with the resultthat, in spite of his deconstruction of origins, origins keep comingback in the form of narrative returns to his Jewish-algerian roots.Therefore, Derrida’s later writings (and their deployment of theautobiographical) offer rich pre-texts for unraveling the ties thatbind a metaphysics of origins to accounts of identity as rootednessas well as a strategy for dealing with a rooted identity that resistssuch an unraveling.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;in Of Grammatology, Jacques Derrida writes, “The trace is not onlythe disappearance of origin . . . it means that the origin did not evendisappear, that it was never constituted except reciprocally [en retour/in retrospect] by a nonorigin, the trace, which thus becomes theorigin of the origin.”2by asserting the après-coupconstitution oforigins, Derrida therefore implies that searching for, then “finding,”one’s roots consists not in returning to pre-existing origins; rather,the very return posits them after the factas if they existed prior to it.3at first glance, this key passage for what may be called Derrida’sdeconstruction of origins(a critical component of the deconstructionof essence since his earliest writings) might seem contrary to thearticulation of identity through narrative returns to origins or roots.indeed, if the notion of roots literalizes identity’s essence as anorganic attachment to its origins in a material, geographical site, then, for Derrida, any metaphysical search for origins is actually awriting of origins as fiction, that is, of original fictions. Yet Derridaincreasingly wove an autobiographical thread into writings like“circumfession”4and Monolingualism of the Other5with the resultthat, in spite of his deconstruction of origins, origins keep comingback in the form of narrative returns to his Jewish-algerian roots.Therefore, Derrida’s later writings (and their deployment of theautobiographical) offer rich pre-texts for unraveling the ties thatbind a metaphysics of origins to accounts of identity as rootednessas well as a strategy for dealing with a rooted identity that resistssuch an unraveling.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Deco-pervo-struction</TitleText>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;What would happen if i were to call Jacques Derrida a “pervert”?What would it mean for a reader to pick up this book and to read achapter which argued that he was, that his thinking and writings onhospitality, forgiveness, the gift, iterability, borderlines, postcards,promises, and so on, were perverted, the work of a pervert? if i amto be honest, straight about it, i would say that Derrida’s work isentirely the most perverse collection of writings i know, an immenseassemblage of the most punning, insightful, playful, and rigorouslyperverse writings that it has been my pleasure to come (and always-yet-to-come) across. but i will not say it here. i will defer that toone of his more distinguished (and tenured) detractors. Here, then,is what Terry eagleton has to say of Derrida’s engagement with whathe calls “Marxism without Marxism” following the publication ofDerrida’s Spectres of Marx:There is an exasperating kind of believer who holds what he does until he meets someone else who holds the same.  at this point, confronted with the bugbear of an              “orthodoxy,” he starts nervously to retract, or at least to qualify.  There is more than a touch of this adolescent       perversity in Derrida, who like many a postmodernist      appears to feel (it is a matter of sensibility rather than       reasoned conviction) that the dominant is ipso facto    demonic and the marginal precious per se.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;What would happen if i were to call Jacques Derrida a “pervert”?What would it mean for a reader to pick up this book and to read achapter which argued that he was, that his thinking and writings onhospitality, forgiveness, the gift, iterability, borderlines, postcards,promises, and so on, were perverted, the work of a pervert? if i amto be honest, straight about it, i would say that Derrida’s work isentirely the most perverse collection of writings i know, an immenseassemblage of the most punning, insightful, playful, and rigorouslyperverse writings that it has been my pleasure to come (and always-yet-to-come) across. but i will not say it here. i will defer that toone of his more distinguished (and tenured) detractors. Here, then,is what Terry eagleton has to say of Derrida’s engagement with whathe calls “Marxism without Marxism” following the publication ofDerrida’s Spectres of Marx:There is an exasperating kind of believer who holds what he does until he meets someone else who holds the same.  at this point, confronted with the bugbear of an              “orthodoxy,” he starts nervously to retract, or at least to qualify.  There is more than a touch of this adolescent       perversity in Derrida, who like many a postmodernist      appears to feel (it is a matter of sensibility rather than       reasoned conviction) that the dominant is ipso facto    demonic and the marginal precious per se.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">A Man For All Seasons</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Derrida-cum-"Queer Theory," or the Limits of "Performativity"</Subtitle>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;s it perverse, a distorting reversal of how things should be, to startwriting without quite knowing whether the subject is a relevant one,or even if there is a subject to be dealt with in the first place? Theopening lines of robert bolt’s play, A Man for All Seasons, arespoken by the common Man and read thusly: “it is perverse! Tostart a play made up of kings and cardinals in speaking costumesand intellectuals with embroidered mouths, with me.”2To be sure,if one suspects the kings, cardinals, and intellectuals, not to mentionthe queens, who presume that deconstruction can contribute to“queer theory,” to be wearing little more than “speaking costumes,”one risks placing oneself in the position of the common man, atleast when seen from the perspective that frames the speech of“embroidered mouths.” When the “i” appears at the end of the line—“with me”—the words fall flat. and yet, it would seem that aminimal conviction is required to speak meaningfully about asubject, encapsulating not a sense of the agreeable, or of practicalcompetence, but of truth, of that which lies beyond personal interestand pragmatism, which, in the words of the play’s main character,is the interest of the “merest plumber” (Ms 70). and if at this pointalready the notion of meaningfulness were to be contested, onecould also put it differently and say that, unless one assumes that “queer theory” and a deconstructive approach to it amount tosomething, one had better keep one’s mouth shut.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;s it perverse, a distorting reversal of how things should be, to startwriting without quite knowing whether the subject is a relevant one,or even if there is a subject to be dealt with in the first place? Theopening lines of robert bolt’s play, A Man for All Seasons, arespoken by the common Man and read thusly: “it is perverse! Tostart a play made up of kings and cardinals in speaking costumesand intellectuals with embroidered mouths, with me.”2To be sure,if one suspects the kings, cardinals, and intellectuals, not to mentionthe queens, who presume that deconstruction can contribute to“queer theory,” to be wearing little more than “speaking costumes,”one risks placing oneself in the position of the common man, atleast when seen from the perspective that frames the speech of“embroidered mouths.” When the “i” appears at the end of the line—“with me”—the words fall flat. and yet, it would seem that aminimal conviction is required to speak meaningfully about asubject, encapsulating not a sense of the agreeable, or of practicalcompetence, but of truth, of that which lies beyond personal interestand pragmatism, which, in the words of the play’s main character,is the interest of the “merest plumber” (Ms 70). and if at this pointalready the notion of meaningfulness were to be contested, onecould also put it differently and say that, unless one assumes that “queer theory” and a deconstructive approach to it amount tosomething, one had better keep one’s mouth shut.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;one of the stakes suggested by the juxtaposition of queer theory anddeconstruction is that of genealogy and the family. are queer theoryand deconstruction related? are they close relatives, brother andsister perhaps or are they involved in some sort of murderousoedipal clinch? We are preparing to speak of such things here.What relation does either deconstruction or queer theory have tothe named super-ego “Jacques Derrida”? in what way do they comeafter him, in filiation perhaps as the son or daughter follows thefather? or is this question of the “after” more a matter of familyresemblance in that queer theory and deconstruction take after Derrida? For some, the coupling will be a case of queer bedfellows,but let’s take the relation as axiomatic and “normative,” if only forthe moment. certainly, one of the issues which concerns me in sucha conjunction between queer theory and deconstruction is that queertheory ought to know where it comes from. i do not say this inorder to ultimately suggest that either deconstruction knows whereit comes from, or that Derrida is the father of queer theory, alongwith everything else; queer theory being just another illegitimatechild from the errant dissemination of his writing—an after-effect.rather, it is to propose that queer theory, if there is such a thingand it is one, might learn a lot about itself by taking on board someof the reading practices familiar to deconstruction after JacquesDerrida. in particular, i wish to look at Judith butler’s Antigone’sClaim, published in 2000 and originally presented as the WellekLectures at uc irvine in 1988 and as the Gauss seminars atprinceton in 1998 (these locations have particular significancewithin the institutional genealogy of deconstruction-in-americawhich firmly locates this text at the cross-roads of what we are callingtoday “queer theory and deconstruction”).4now, my particularissue with butler’s book is the way in which, while clearly comingafter Derrida in every possible sense of that phrase, it expeditiouslyrelegates Derrida to three footnotes of various lengths. Thisseems odd to me, if not downright queer, especially in light of thetreatment of Derrida in her first book on French Hegel,5and iwould like to pick at these footnotes for a while before returning towhat else might be at stake in the partnership between queer theoryand deconstruction.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;one of the stakes suggested by the juxtaposition of queer theory anddeconstruction is that of genealogy and the family. are queer theoryand deconstruction related? are they close relatives, brother andsister perhaps or are they involved in some sort of murderousoedipal clinch? We are preparing to speak of such things here.What relation does either deconstruction or queer theory have tothe named super-ego “Jacques Derrida”? in what way do they comeafter him, in filiation perhaps as the son or daughter follows thefather? or is this question of the “after” more a matter of familyresemblance in that queer theory and deconstruction take after Derrida? For some, the coupling will be a case of queer bedfellows,but let’s take the relation as axiomatic and “normative,” if only forthe moment. certainly, one of the issues which concerns me in sucha conjunction between queer theory and deconstruction is that queertheory ought to know where it comes from. i do not say this inorder to ultimately suggest that either deconstruction knows whereit comes from, or that Derrida is the father of queer theory, alongwith everything else; queer theory being just another illegitimatechild from the errant dissemination of his writing—an after-effect.rather, it is to propose that queer theory, if there is such a thingand it is one, might learn a lot about itself by taking on board someof the reading practices familiar to deconstruction after JacquesDerrida. in particular, i wish to look at Judith butler’s Antigone’sClaim, published in 2000 and originally presented as the WellekLectures at uc irvine in 1988 and as the Gauss seminars atprinceton in 1998 (these locations have particular significancewithin the institutional genealogy of deconstruction-in-americawhich firmly locates this text at the cross-roads of what we are callingtoday “queer theory and deconstruction”).4now, my particularissue with butler’s book is the way in which, while clearly comingafter Derrida in every possible sense of that phrase, it expeditiouslyrelegates Derrida to three footnotes of various lengths. Thisseems odd to me, if not downright queer, especially in light of thetreatment of Derrida in her first book on French Hegel,5and iwould like to pick at these footnotes for a while before returning towhat else might be at stake in the partnership between queer theoryand deconstruction.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Performing Friendship</TitleText>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The refrain that returns and repeats throughout Politics of Friendship—“o my friends, there is no friend”—signals the ambiguities andparadoxes of this text, and of the concepts of friendship and politicsthat it engages.1addressed to friends, but proclaiming the absenceof the friend, the declaration immediately creates a quandary—apuzzle, which Derrida accentuates and extends with each reiterationof the phrase. Tracing its appearance in cicero, Montaigne,nietzsche, blanchot and others, and its unverifiable attribution toaristotle, Derrida rearticulates the significances and nuances ofthe address. Through this repeated recitation, Derrida performs asociality, or a politics, based on a friendship without friendship,a relation without relation. This reiteration of a citation without(verifiable) origin, this unworking of friendship and relation, whichreveals the absence of friendship and relation, and, at the same time,the possibility of friendship and relation, recalls the concepts ofiteration, citation, and performativity that are so central to a certainconception of “the queer.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The refrain that returns and repeats throughout Politics of Friendship—“o my friends, there is no friend”—signals the ambiguities andparadoxes of this text, and of the concepts of friendship and politicsthat it engages.1addressed to friends, but proclaiming the absenceof the friend, the declaration immediately creates a quandary—apuzzle, which Derrida accentuates and extends with each reiterationof the phrase. Tracing its appearance in cicero, Montaigne,nietzsche, blanchot and others, and its unverifiable attribution toaristotle, Derrida rearticulates the significances and nuances ofthe address. Through this repeated recitation, Derrida performs asociality, or a politics, based on a friendship without friendship,a relation without relation. This reiteration of a citation without(verifiable) origin, this unworking of friendship and relation, whichreveals the absence of friendship and relation, and, at the same time,the possibility of friendship and relation, recalls the concepts ofiteration, citation, and performativity that are so central to a certainconception of “the queer.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <Subtitle language="eng">Just Queer</Subtitle>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;all the contributors to this remarkable volume converge in thethought that Derrida’s thinking is fundamentally queer.1The veryqueerness of queer, the energy that on almost every page here has theadjective go verbal, the queering of queer in what calvin Thomascalls “queerance” rather than “queerness,” is irresistibly brought upand brought on by the thought of the trace and of différance.2Différancejust is queer, just is queering. and just as différanceisnothing, no thing at all, but an indefinite process with no possibleend or determinate product, the perpetual differing and deferring ofany thing or outcome whatsoever, so queering queers and will queeragain, endlessly. This almost limpid thought that affirms queer asthe very différanceof différancecan give an almost jubilant tone tosome of the essays here: it’s almost too good to be true, as though wecould finally wake up from the ongoing nightmare of staightlined,straightlaced repressive orthopedic normalizing heteronormativityand greet, as the new dawn heralded by Jacques Derrida, theprospect of the neverending ongoing queering of queer.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;all the contributors to this remarkable volume converge in thethought that Derrida’s thinking is fundamentally queer.1The veryqueerness of queer, the energy that on almost every page here has theadjective go verbal, the queering of queer in what calvin Thomascalls “queerance” rather than “queerness,” is irresistibly brought upand brought on by the thought of the trace and of différance.2Différancejust is queer, just is queering. and just as différanceisnothing, no thing at all, but an indefinite process with no possibleend or determinate product, the perpetual differing and deferring ofany thing or outcome whatsoever, so queering queers and will queeragain, endlessly. This almost limpid thought that affirms queer asthe very différanceof différancecan give an almost jubilant tone tosome of the essays here: it’s almost too good to be true, as though wecould finally wake up from the ongoing nightmare of staightlined,straightlaced repressive orthopedic normalizing heteronormativityand greet, as the new dawn heralded by Jacques Derrida, theprospect of the neverending ongoing queering of queer.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <Subtitle language="eng">Supreme Court (1988)</Subtitle>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Without presuming to know where the direct begins and ends, thisessay presents itself as an oblique reading of Right of Inspection[Droit de regards], the photo-novel by Marie-Françoise plissart thatis “followed by a reading by Jacques Derrida.” it does that for morethan one reason. First of all, although neither written nor photo-graphic text will be fully represented here, privilege is obviously givento the written because it can be quoted in the same medium as thepresent text and because of its author’s name [“Derrida”] in the con-text of this [volume].2Thus my reading admits to being structurallypartial, without presuming to know where a total reading mightbegin.3but the photographic text is in a sense doubly absent, given the content of the photographs, the look of them. What is unavoid-able when one looks at the photographs and much less explicit when one reads Derrida’s text, could, if i wished, remain altogetherunspoken in this essay: namely, that many of them show womenmaking love to one another. Whether that should be an issue, ormake for a more oblique reading, is one of the principal questionsunderlying this discussion.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Without presuming to know where the direct begins and ends, thisessay presents itself as an oblique reading of Right of Inspection[Droit de regards], the photo-novel by Marie-Françoise plissart thatis “followed by a reading by Jacques Derrida.” it does that for morethan one reason. First of all, although neither written nor photo-graphic text will be fully represented here, privilege is obviously givento the written because it can be quoted in the same medium as thepresent text and because of its author’s name [“Derrida”] in the con-text of this [volume].2Thus my reading admits to being structurallypartial, without presuming to know where a total reading mightbegin.3but the photographic text is in a sense doubly absent, given the content of the photographs, the look of them. What is unavoid-able when one looks at the photographs and much less explicit when one reads Derrida’s text, could, if i wished, remain altogetherunspoken in this essay: namely, that many of them show womenmaking love to one another. Whether that should be an issue, ormake for a more oblique reading, is one of the principal questionsunderlying this discussion.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Coming from behind (derrière)—how else to describe a volume called “Derrida and Queer Theory”? — as if arriving late to the party, or, indeed, after the party is already over. After all, we already have Deleuze and Queer Theory and, of course, Saint Foucault. And judging by Annamarie Jagose’s Queer Theory: An Introduction, in which there is not a single mention of “Derrida” (or “deconstruction”) — even in the sub-chapter titled “The Post-Structuralist Context of Queer” — one would think that Derrida was not only late to the party, but was never there at all.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This untimely volume, then, with wide-ranging essays from key thinkers in the field, addresses, among other things, what could be called the disavowed debt to “Derrida” in canonical “queer theory.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Coming from behind (derrière)—how else to describe a volume called “Derrida and Queer Theory”? — as if arriving late to the party, or, indeed, after the party is already over. After all, we already have Deleuze and Queer Theory and, of course, Saint Foucault. And judging by Annamarie Jagose’s Queer Theory: An Introduction, in which there is not a single mention of “Derrida” (or “deconstruction”) — even in the sub-chapter titled “The Post-Structuralist Context of Queer” — one would think that Derrida was not only late to the party, but was never there at all.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This untimely volume, then, with wide-ranging essays from key thinkers in the field, addresses, among other things, what could be called the disavowed debt to “Derrida” in canonical “queer theory.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;coming from behind (derrière)—how else to describe a volumecalled “Derrida and queer Theory”?—as if arriving late to the party,or, indeed, after the party is already over. after all, we already haveDeleuze and Queer Theory1and, of course, Saint Foucault. Judgingby annamarie Jagose’s Queer Theory: An Introduction, in which thereis not a single mention of “Derrida” (or “deconstruction”)—even inthe sub-chapter titled “The post-structuralist context of queer”—,one would think that Derrida was not only late to the party, but wasnever there at all.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;coming from behind (derrière)—how else to describe a volumecalled “Derrida and queer Theory”?—as if arriving late to the party,or, indeed, after the party is already over. after all, we already haveDeleuze and Queer Theory1and, of course, Saint Foucault. Judgingby annamarie Jagose’s Queer Theory: An Introduction, in which thereis not a single mention of “Derrida” (or “deconstruction”)—even inthe sub-chapter titled “The post-structuralist context of queer”—,one would think that Derrida was not only late to the party, but wasnever there at all.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;My preface comes both before and after, preposterously, in the etymological sense. it comes first for you, dear reader, but after for me, since it is being written after i have read all the essays in this book. i have read them with admiration and intellectual excitement. They have changed my assumptions about queer theory. I have heard of a philosophy professor who said of Jacques Derrida, mendaciously, “Well, he’s dead so we don’t have to worry about him anymore.” Derrida, in the final interview with Le Monde, given just a few weeks before his death, said, perhaps ironically, perhaps not, that he expected he and all his works would beforgotten two months after his death. Just the opposite hashappened. a great outpouring of distinguished conferences, essays,and books from all over the world has occurred since his death.This book is a wonderful example of that. it is the first book focusedon the relation between Derrida’s work and queer theory. Theessays are admirably diverse and learned. each explores a differentfacet of Derrida’s work. each essay shows in detail a given facet’sindispensable function in one or another feature of queer theorytoday. each has, in a distinctive way, an enviable conceptual andlinguistic exuberance. This not only echoes Derrida’s similarexuberance, but also bears witness that the humanities are stillvigorous, even in these bad times for them. These essays testifymovingly to the fundamental role that Derrida’s work has played&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;My preface comes both before and after, preposterously, in the etymological sense. it comes first for you, dear reader, but after for me, since it is being written after i have read all the essays in this book. i have read them with admiration and intellectual excitement. They have changed my assumptions about queer theory. I have heard of a philosophy professor who said of Jacques Derrida, mendaciously, “Well, he’s dead so we don’t have to worry about him anymore.” Derrida, in the final interview with Le Monde, given just a few weeks before his death, said, perhaps ironically, perhaps not, that he expected he and all his works would beforgotten two months after his death. Just the opposite hashappened. a great outpouring of distinguished conferences, essays,and books from all over the world has occurred since his death.This book is a wonderful example of that. it is the first book focusedon the relation between Derrida’s work and queer theory. Theessays are admirably diverse and learned. each explores a differentfacet of Derrida’s work. each essay shows in detail a given facet’sindispensable function in one or another feature of queer theorytoday. each has, in a distinctive way, an enviable conceptual andlinguistic exuberance. This not only echoes Derrida’s similarexuberance, but also bears witness that the humanities are stillvigorous, even in these bad times for them. These essays testifymovingly to the fundamental role that Derrida’s work has played&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Queer’s not just a queer word but belongs, if it belongs, to a queer time.i would like to think of that sentence as a tiny installation, a snow-flake of sound, around which one might take one or more queerturns, or sketch a few queer footnotes. There is, perhaps, a queertheory of the First sentence. in a dreamy, radical passivity, iimagined an encounter of “deconstruction and queer theory” inrelation to the writings of Leo bersani, starting with the falling intoplace of the First sentence. What is the character of a first sentence?How, along what paths and with what effects, does the tone adoptyou as much as you it (to borrow Derrida’s formulation)? How doesit commit or even (in the strongest sense) determine you? bersani isfascinated by what happens, like lightning, by what is struck orstriking in first sentences. “There is a big secret about sex: mostpeople don’t like it.”3“The vagina is a logical defect in nature.”4“psychoanalytically speaking, monogamy is cognitively inconceivable and morally indefensible.”5These are three of his first sentences,the opening words of “is the rectum a Grave?,” “Merde alors” (anessay co-authored with ulysse Dutoit), and “against Monogamy,”respectively. i could envisage devoting a separate essay to each ofthese sentences, in homage to the thinker who, it seems to me, firstelaborated, a good while before Judith butler and others, thetheoretical and political dimensions of deconstruction and queertheory.6but in the limited time i have here, this will have to besignalled as a bypath—a bypath that inevitably takes in Billy Budd,a path by billy, a billy by-blow, proceeding and even coming intobud, by way of the opening of chapter 4 of that masterpiece inwhich Melville’s narrator declares: “in this matter of writing, resolveas one may to keep to the main road, some paths have an enticementnot readily to be withstood. i am going to err into such a bypath.if the reader will keep me company i shall be glad. at the least, wecan promise ourselves that pleasure which is wickedly said to be insinning, for a literary sin the divergence will be.”7Does Billy Buddhave a main road? What would it mean to keep its narratorcompany? How should we construe the pleasure of literary sinningand what might be discovered on its bypaths?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Queer’s not just a queer word but belongs, if it belongs, to a queer time.i would like to think of that sentence as a tiny installation, a snow-flake of sound, around which one might take one or more queerturns, or sketch a few queer footnotes. There is, perhaps, a queertheory of the First sentence. in a dreamy, radical passivity, iimagined an encounter of “deconstruction and queer theory” inrelation to the writings of Leo bersani, starting with the falling intoplace of the First sentence. What is the character of a first sentence?How, along what paths and with what effects, does the tone adoptyou as much as you it (to borrow Derrida’s formulation)? How doesit commit or even (in the strongest sense) determine you? bersani isfascinated by what happens, like lightning, by what is struck orstriking in first sentences. “There is a big secret about sex: mostpeople don’t like it.”3“The vagina is a logical defect in nature.”4“psychoanalytically speaking, monogamy is cognitively inconceivable and morally indefensible.”5These are three of his first sentences,the opening words of “is the rectum a Grave?,” “Merde alors” (anessay co-authored with ulysse Dutoit), and “against Monogamy,”respectively. i could envisage devoting a separate essay to each ofthese sentences, in homage to the thinker who, it seems to me, firstelaborated, a good while before Judith butler and others, thetheoretical and political dimensions of deconstruction and queertheory.6but in the limited time i have here, this will have to besignalled as a bypath—a bypath that inevitably takes in Billy Budd,a path by billy, a billy by-blow, proceeding and even coming intobud, by way of the opening of chapter 4 of that masterpiece inwhich Melville’s narrator declares: “in this matter of writing, resolveas one may to keep to the main road, some paths have an enticementnot readily to be withstood. i am going to err into such a bypath.if the reader will keep me company i shall be glad. at the least, wecan promise ourselves that pleasure which is wickedly said to be insinning, for a literary sin the divergence will be.”7Does Billy Buddhave a main road? What would it mean to keep its narratorcompany? How should we construe the pleasure of literary sinningand what might be discovered on its bypaths?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;as we know, as “it has been written,” and as i have emphasized in what you will have just (epigraphically) read, “Derrida argued.” Or, if you prefer, as i do, to obey the still regnant rhetorical convention and employ the present tense when describing what “has been written” (and so, in a sense, bring the dead back to life), then, as we might argue:Derrida (still) writes.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;as we know, as “it has been written,” and as i have emphasized in what you will have just (epigraphically) read, “Derrida argued.” Or, if you prefer, as i do, to obey the still regnant rhetorical convention and employ the present tense when describing what “has been written” (and so, in a sense, bring the dead back to life), then, as we might argue:Derrida (still) writes.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This essay resumes after an anacoluthic interruption.1it returns tothe question of “woman” which i raised but left unanswered in apaper presented at the Derrida: Negotiating the Legacyconference.2When i presented that paper, my discussant asked, with acuteperceptiveness, why i had concentrated in the end on grammar—the figure of the anacoluthon—and left undeveloped the questionof “woman.” My answer was instinctive and immediate: “becausegrammar’s easier.” i still hold by this assertion. The question of“woman,” both in Jacques Derrida’s writing and beyond, is difficultand complex. it consists, as i understand it, of two interrelatedparts: the first is the question of the relation between “woman” andwomen, that is, between a philosophical or ontological concept of “woman” and the political and everyday realities of embodied femalesubjects; the second is the question of the relation between womenand men, the question of sexual difference. My issue in the earlierpaper was with the first aspect of this question—Derrida’s use of“woman” in his writings. as Gayatri chakravorty spivak elaboratesin her review essay of Derrida’s La carte postale(1981)—“Love Me,Love my ombre, elle” (1984)—Derrida uses “woman” as the figure of deconstructive undecidability, part of a process of resexualizing phallogocentric discourse that is integral to his deconstruction of Western metaphysics.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This essay resumes after an anacoluthic interruption.1it returns tothe question of “woman” which i raised but left unanswered in apaper presented at the Derrida: Negotiating the Legacyconference.2When i presented that paper, my discussant asked, with acuteperceptiveness, why i had concentrated in the end on grammar—the figure of the anacoluthon—and left undeveloped the questionof “woman.” My answer was instinctive and immediate: “becausegrammar’s easier.” i still hold by this assertion. The question of“woman,” both in Jacques Derrida’s writing and beyond, is difficultand complex. it consists, as i understand it, of two interrelatedparts: the first is the question of the relation between “woman” andwomen, that is, between a philosophical or ontological concept of “woman” and the political and everyday realities of embodied femalesubjects; the second is the question of the relation between womenand men, the question of sexual difference. My issue in the earlierpaper was with the first aspect of this question—Derrida’s use of“woman” in his writings. as Gayatri chakravorty spivak elaboratesin her review essay of Derrida’s La carte postale(1981)—“Love Me,Love my ombre, elle” (1984)—Derrida uses “woman” as the figure of deconstructive undecidability, part of a process of resexualizing phallogocentric discourse that is integral to his deconstruction of Western metaphysics.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Les chats de Derrida</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Carla Freccero</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;i have previously suggested that Derridean theoretical practice canbe understood to be “always already” queer theory, if queer theoryis understood in one of its valences, that is, as an immaterialde-normativization that works at the level of language, thought, andideology to critique, but in a viral fashion, by replicating terms andre-purposing them so that their operation moves down paths thatare overgrown with the bushes of normative philosophical thought.2These paths are inscriptions; they don’t quite open up, but theyleave—or are—traces, and can be followed, like the tracks thatDerrida is following in L’Animal que donc je suis.in Queer/Early/Moderni argued that key terms that have emerged fromdeconstructive gestures include queer, though “queer,” i think,carries with it—as the wind does scent—a faint but specific whiffof sex/sexual identity/sexuality. one way to think about this is tosay that after Derrida all theory is “queer,” or rather that Derridahelps us to understand how theory is always already queer, andto affirm this queerness further. i also wanted to find in Derrida’sspectrality a way to queer temporality that takes into account theaffective force of fantasy, that is, the way the past lives on as akind of immaterial materiality through affect, a force that is notsomething we “see” necessarily, but something we feel.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;i have previously suggested that Derridean theoretical practice canbe understood to be “always already” queer theory, if queer theoryis understood in one of its valences, that is, as an immaterialde-normativization that works at the level of language, thought, andideology to critique, but in a viral fashion, by replicating terms andre-purposing them so that their operation moves down paths thatare overgrown with the bushes of normative philosophical thought.2These paths are inscriptions; they don’t quite open up, but theyleave—or are—traces, and can be followed, like the tracks thatDerrida is following in L’Animal que donc je suis.in Queer/Early/Moderni argued that key terms that have emerged fromdeconstructive gestures include queer, though “queer,” i think,carries with it—as the wind does scent—a faint but specific whiffof sex/sexual identity/sexuality. one way to think about this is tosay that after Derrida all theory is “queer,” or rather that Derridahelps us to understand how theory is always already queer, andto affirm this queerness further. i also wanted to find in Derrida’sspectrality a way to queer temporality that takes into account theaffective force of fantasy, that is, the way the past lives on as akind of immaterial materiality through affect, a force that is notsomething we “see” necessarily, but something we feel.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Derrida's Queer Root(s)</TitleText>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;in Of Grammatology, Jacques Derrida writes, “The trace is not onlythe disappearance of origin . . . it means that the origin did not evendisappear, that it was never constituted except reciprocally [en retour/in retrospect] by a nonorigin, the trace, which thus becomes theorigin of the origin.”2by asserting the après-coupconstitution oforigins, Derrida therefore implies that searching for, then “finding,”one’s roots consists not in returning to pre-existing origins; rather,the very return posits them after the factas if they existed prior to it.3at first glance, this key passage for what may be called Derrida’sdeconstruction of origins(a critical component of the deconstructionof essence since his earliest writings) might seem contrary to thearticulation of identity through narrative returns to origins or roots.indeed, if the notion of roots literalizes identity’s essence as anorganic attachment to its origins in a material, geographical site, then, for Derrida, any metaphysical search for origins is actually awriting of origins as fiction, that is, of original fictions. Yet Derridaincreasingly wove an autobiographical thread into writings like“circumfession”4and Monolingualism of the Other5with the resultthat, in spite of his deconstruction of origins, origins keep comingback in the form of narrative returns to his Jewish-algerian roots.Therefore, Derrida’s later writings (and their deployment of theautobiographical) offer rich pre-texts for unraveling the ties thatbind a metaphysics of origins to accounts of identity as rootednessas well as a strategy for dealing with a rooted identity that resistssuch an unraveling.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;in Of Grammatology, Jacques Derrida writes, “The trace is not onlythe disappearance of origin . . . it means that the origin did not evendisappear, that it was never constituted except reciprocally [en retour/in retrospect] by a nonorigin, the trace, which thus becomes theorigin of the origin.”2by asserting the après-coupconstitution oforigins, Derrida therefore implies that searching for, then “finding,”one’s roots consists not in returning to pre-existing origins; rather,the very return posits them after the factas if they existed prior to it.3at first glance, this key passage for what may be called Derrida’sdeconstruction of origins(a critical component of the deconstructionof essence since his earliest writings) might seem contrary to thearticulation of identity through narrative returns to origins or roots.indeed, if the notion of roots literalizes identity’s essence as anorganic attachment to its origins in a material, geographical site, then, for Derrida, any metaphysical search for origins is actually awriting of origins as fiction, that is, of original fictions. Yet Derridaincreasingly wove an autobiographical thread into writings like“circumfession”4and Monolingualism of the Other5with the resultthat, in spite of his deconstruction of origins, origins keep comingback in the form of narrative returns to his Jewish-algerian roots.Therefore, Derrida’s later writings (and their deployment of theautobiographical) offer rich pre-texts for unraveling the ties thatbind a metaphysics of origins to accounts of identity as rootednessas well as a strategy for dealing with a rooted identity that resistssuch an unraveling.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Deco-pervo-struction</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Éamonn Dunne</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;What would happen if i were to call Jacques Derrida a “pervert”?What would it mean for a reader to pick up this book and to read achapter which argued that he was, that his thinking and writings onhospitality, forgiveness, the gift, iterability, borderlines, postcards,promises, and so on, were perverted, the work of a pervert? if i amto be honest, straight about it, i would say that Derrida’s work isentirely the most perverse collection of writings i know, an immenseassemblage of the most punning, insightful, playful, and rigorouslyperverse writings that it has been my pleasure to come (and always-yet-to-come) across. but i will not say it here. i will defer that toone of his more distinguished (and tenured) detractors. Here, then,is what Terry eagleton has to say of Derrida’s engagement with whathe calls “Marxism without Marxism” following the publication ofDerrida’s Spectres of Marx:There is an exasperating kind of believer who holds what he does until he meets someone else who holds the same.  at this point, confronted with the bugbear of an              “orthodoxy,” he starts nervously to retract, or at least to qualify.  There is more than a touch of this adolescent       perversity in Derrida, who like many a postmodernist      appears to feel (it is a matter of sensibility rather than       reasoned conviction) that the dominant is ipso facto    demonic and the marginal precious per se.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;What would happen if i were to call Jacques Derrida a “pervert”?What would it mean for a reader to pick up this book and to read achapter which argued that he was, that his thinking and writings onhospitality, forgiveness, the gift, iterability, borderlines, postcards,promises, and so on, were perverted, the work of a pervert? if i amto be honest, straight about it, i would say that Derrida’s work isentirely the most perverse collection of writings i know, an immenseassemblage of the most punning, insightful, playful, and rigorouslyperverse writings that it has been my pleasure to come (and always-yet-to-come) across. but i will not say it here. i will defer that toone of his more distinguished (and tenured) detractors. Here, then,is what Terry eagleton has to say of Derrida’s engagement with whathe calls “Marxism without Marxism” following the publication ofDerrida’s Spectres of Marx:There is an exasperating kind of believer who holds what he does until he meets someone else who holds the same.  at this point, confronted with the bugbear of an              “orthodoxy,” he starts nervously to retract, or at least to qualify.  There is more than a touch of this adolescent       perversity in Derrida, who like many a postmodernist      appears to feel (it is a matter of sensibility rather than       reasoned conviction) that the dominant is ipso facto    demonic and the marginal precious per se.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">A Man For All Seasons</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Derrida-cum-"Queer Theory," or the Limits of "Performativity"</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Alexander García Düttmann</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;s it perverse, a distorting reversal of how things should be, to startwriting without quite knowing whether the subject is a relevant one,or even if there is a subject to be dealt with in the first place? Theopening lines of robert bolt’s play, A Man for All Seasons, arespoken by the common Man and read thusly: “it is perverse! Tostart a play made up of kings and cardinals in speaking costumesand intellectuals with embroidered mouths, with me.”2To be sure,if one suspects the kings, cardinals, and intellectuals, not to mentionthe queens, who presume that deconstruction can contribute to“queer theory,” to be wearing little more than “speaking costumes,”one risks placing oneself in the position of the common man, atleast when seen from the perspective that frames the speech of“embroidered mouths.” When the “i” appears at the end of the line—“with me”—the words fall flat. and yet, it would seem that aminimal conviction is required to speak meaningfully about asubject, encapsulating not a sense of the agreeable, or of practicalcompetence, but of truth, of that which lies beyond personal interestand pragmatism, which, in the words of the play’s main character,is the interest of the “merest plumber” (Ms 70). and if at this pointalready the notion of meaningfulness were to be contested, onecould also put it differently and say that, unless one assumes that “queer theory” and a deconstructive approach to it amount tosomething, one had better keep one’s mouth shut.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;s it perverse, a distorting reversal of how things should be, to startwriting without quite knowing whether the subject is a relevant one,or even if there is a subject to be dealt with in the first place? Theopening lines of robert bolt’s play, A Man for All Seasons, arespoken by the common Man and read thusly: “it is perverse! Tostart a play made up of kings and cardinals in speaking costumesand intellectuals with embroidered mouths, with me.”2To be sure,if one suspects the kings, cardinals, and intellectuals, not to mentionthe queens, who presume that deconstruction can contribute to“queer theory,” to be wearing little more than “speaking costumes,”one risks placing oneself in the position of the common man, atleast when seen from the perspective that frames the speech of“embroidered mouths.” When the “i” appears at the end of the line—“with me”—the words fall flat. and yet, it would seem that aminimal conviction is required to speak meaningfully about asubject, encapsulating not a sense of the agreeable, or of practicalcompetence, but of truth, of that which lies beyond personal interestand pragmatism, which, in the words of the play’s main character,is the interest of the “merest plumber” (Ms 70). and if at this pointalready the notion of meaningfulness were to be contested, onecould also put it differently and say that, unless one assumes that “queer theory” and a deconstructive approach to it amount tosomething, one had better keep one’s mouth shut.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">"Practical Deconstruction"</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">A Note on Some Notes by Judith Butler</Subtitle>
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            <Affiliation>Edge Hill University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;one of the stakes suggested by the juxtaposition of queer theory anddeconstruction is that of genealogy and the family. are queer theoryand deconstruction related? are they close relatives, brother andsister perhaps or are they involved in some sort of murderousoedipal clinch? We are preparing to speak of such things here.What relation does either deconstruction or queer theory have tothe named super-ego “Jacques Derrida”? in what way do they comeafter him, in filiation perhaps as the son or daughter follows thefather? or is this question of the “after” more a matter of familyresemblance in that queer theory and deconstruction take after Derrida? For some, the coupling will be a case of queer bedfellows,but let’s take the relation as axiomatic and “normative,” if only forthe moment. certainly, one of the issues which concerns me in sucha conjunction between queer theory and deconstruction is that queertheory ought to know where it comes from. i do not say this inorder to ultimately suggest that either deconstruction knows whereit comes from, or that Derrida is the father of queer theory, alongwith everything else; queer theory being just another illegitimatechild from the errant dissemination of his writing—an after-effect.rather, it is to propose that queer theory, if there is such a thingand it is one, might learn a lot about itself by taking on board someof the reading practices familiar to deconstruction after JacquesDerrida. in particular, i wish to look at Judith butler’s Antigone’sClaim, published in 2000 and originally presented as the WellekLectures at uc irvine in 1988 and as the Gauss seminars atprinceton in 1998 (these locations have particular significancewithin the institutional genealogy of deconstruction-in-americawhich firmly locates this text at the cross-roads of what we are callingtoday “queer theory and deconstruction”).4now, my particularissue with butler’s book is the way in which, while clearly comingafter Derrida in every possible sense of that phrase, it expeditiouslyrelegates Derrida to three footnotes of various lengths. Thisseems odd to me, if not downright queer, especially in light of thetreatment of Derrida in her first book on French Hegel,5and iwould like to pick at these footnotes for a while before returning towhat else might be at stake in the partnership between queer theoryand deconstruction.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;one of the stakes suggested by the juxtaposition of queer theory anddeconstruction is that of genealogy and the family. are queer theoryand deconstruction related? are they close relatives, brother andsister perhaps or are they involved in some sort of murderousoedipal clinch? We are preparing to speak of such things here.What relation does either deconstruction or queer theory have tothe named super-ego “Jacques Derrida”? in what way do they comeafter him, in filiation perhaps as the son or daughter follows thefather? or is this question of the “after” more a matter of familyresemblance in that queer theory and deconstruction take after Derrida? For some, the coupling will be a case of queer bedfellows,but let’s take the relation as axiomatic and “normative,” if only forthe moment. certainly, one of the issues which concerns me in sucha conjunction between queer theory and deconstruction is that queertheory ought to know where it comes from. i do not say this inorder to ultimately suggest that either deconstruction knows whereit comes from, or that Derrida is the father of queer theory, alongwith everything else; queer theory being just another illegitimatechild from the errant dissemination of his writing—an after-effect.rather, it is to propose that queer theory, if there is such a thingand it is one, might learn a lot about itself by taking on board someof the reading practices familiar to deconstruction after JacquesDerrida. in particular, i wish to look at Judith butler’s Antigone’sClaim, published in 2000 and originally presented as the WellekLectures at uc irvine in 1988 and as the Gauss seminars atprinceton in 1998 (these locations have particular significancewithin the institutional genealogy of deconstruction-in-americawhich firmly locates this text at the cross-roads of what we are callingtoday “queer theory and deconstruction”).4now, my particularissue with butler’s book is the way in which, while clearly comingafter Derrida in every possible sense of that phrase, it expeditiouslyrelegates Derrida to three footnotes of various lengths. Thisseems odd to me, if not downright queer, especially in light of thetreatment of Derrida in her first book on French Hegel,5and iwould like to pick at these footnotes for a while before returning towhat else might be at stake in the partnership between queer theoryand deconstruction.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Performing Friendship</TitleText>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The refrain that returns and repeats throughout Politics of Friendship—“o my friends, there is no friend”—signals the ambiguities andparadoxes of this text, and of the concepts of friendship and politicsthat it engages.1addressed to friends, but proclaiming the absenceof the friend, the declaration immediately creates a quandary—apuzzle, which Derrida accentuates and extends with each reiterationof the phrase. Tracing its appearance in cicero, Montaigne,nietzsche, blanchot and others, and its unverifiable attribution toaristotle, Derrida rearticulates the significances and nuances ofthe address. Through this repeated recitation, Derrida performs asociality, or a politics, based on a friendship without friendship,a relation without relation. This reiteration of a citation without(verifiable) origin, this unworking of friendship and relation, whichreveals the absence of friendship and relation, and, at the same time,the possibility of friendship and relation, recalls the concepts ofiteration, citation, and performativity that are so central to a certainconception of “the queer.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The refrain that returns and repeats throughout Politics of Friendship—“o my friends, there is no friend”—signals the ambiguities andparadoxes of this text, and of the concepts of friendship and politicsthat it engages.1addressed to friends, but proclaiming the absenceof the friend, the declaration immediately creates a quandary—apuzzle, which Derrida accentuates and extends with each reiterationof the phrase. Tracing its appearance in cicero, Montaigne,nietzsche, blanchot and others, and its unverifiable attribution toaristotle, Derrida rearticulates the significances and nuances ofthe address. Through this repeated recitation, Derrida performs asociality, or a politics, based on a friendship without friendship,a relation without relation. This reiteration of a citation without(verifiable) origin, this unworking of friendship and relation, whichreveals the absence of friendship and relation, and, at the same time,the possibility of friendship and relation, recalls the concepts ofiteration, citation, and performativity that are so central to a certainconception of “the queer.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Postface</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Just Queer</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Geoffrey Bennington</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;all the contributors to this remarkable volume converge in thethought that Derrida’s thinking is fundamentally queer.1The veryqueerness of queer, the energy that on almost every page here has theadjective go verbal, the queering of queer in what calvin Thomascalls “queerance” rather than “queerness,” is irresistibly brought upand brought on by the thought of the trace and of différance.2Différancejust is queer, just is queering. and just as différanceisnothing, no thing at all, but an indefinite process with no possibleend or determinate product, the perpetual differing and deferring ofany thing or outcome whatsoever, so queering queers and will queeragain, endlessly. This almost limpid thought that affirms queer asthe very différanceof différancecan give an almost jubilant tone tosome of the essays here: it’s almost too good to be true, as though wecould finally wake up from the ongoing nightmare of staightlined,straightlaced repressive orthopedic normalizing heteronormativityand greet, as the new dawn heralded by Jacques Derrida, theprospect of the neverending ongoing queering of queer.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;all the contributors to this remarkable volume converge in thethought that Derrida’s thinking is fundamentally queer.1The veryqueerness of queer, the energy that on almost every page here has theadjective go verbal, the queering of queer in what calvin Thomascalls “queerance” rather than “queerness,” is irresistibly brought upand brought on by the thought of the trace and of différance.2Différancejust is queer, just is queering. and just as différanceisnothing, no thing at all, but an indefinite process with no possibleend or determinate product, the perpetual differing and deferring ofany thing or outcome whatsoever, so queering queers and will queeragain, endlessly. This almost limpid thought that affirms queer asthe very différanceof différancecan give an almost jubilant tone tosome of the essays here: it’s almost too good to be true, as though wecould finally wake up from the ongoing nightmare of staightlined,straightlaced repressive orthopedic normalizing heteronormativityand greet, as the new dawn heralded by Jacques Derrida, theprospect of the neverending ongoing queering of queer.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Appendix</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Supreme Court (1988)</Subtitle>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Without presuming to know where the direct begins and ends, thisessay presents itself as an oblique reading of Right of Inspection[Droit de regards], the photo-novel by Marie-Françoise plissart thatis “followed by a reading by Jacques Derrida.” it does that for morethan one reason. First of all, although neither written nor photo-graphic text will be fully represented here, privilege is obviously givento the written because it can be quoted in the same medium as thepresent text and because of its author’s name [“Derrida”] in the con-text of this [volume].2Thus my reading admits to being structurallypartial, without presuming to know where a total reading mightbegin.3but the photographic text is in a sense doubly absent, given the content of the photographs, the look of them. What is unavoid-able when one looks at the photographs and much less explicit when one reads Derrida’s text, could, if i wished, remain altogetherunspoken in this essay: namely, that many of them show womenmaking love to one another. Whether that should be an issue, ormake for a more oblique reading, is one of the principal questionsunderlying this discussion.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Without presuming to know where the direct begins and ends, thisessay presents itself as an oblique reading of Right of Inspection[Droit de regards], the photo-novel by Marie-Françoise plissart thatis “followed by a reading by Jacques Derrida.” it does that for morethan one reason. First of all, although neither written nor photo-graphic text will be fully represented here, privilege is obviously givento the written because it can be quoted in the same medium as thepresent text and because of its author’s name [“Derrida”] in the con-text of this [volume].2Thus my reading admits to being structurallypartial, without presuming to know where a total reading mightbegin.3but the photographic text is in a sense doubly absent, given the content of the photographs, the look of them. What is unavoid-able when one looks at the photographs and much less explicit when one reads Derrida’s text, could, if i wished, remain altogetherunspoken in this essay: namely, that many of them show womenmaking love to one another. Whether that should be an issue, ormake for a more oblique reading, is one of the principal questionsunderlying this discussion.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Diseases of the Head is an anthology of essays from contemporary philosophers, artists, and writers working at the crossroads of speculative philosophy and speculative horror. At once a compendium of multivocal endeavors, a breviary of supposedly illicit ponderings, and a travelogue of philosophical exploration, this collection centers itself on the place at which philosophy and horror meet. Employing rigorous analysis, incisive experimentation, and novel invention, this anthology asks about the use that speculation can make of horror and horror of speculation, about whether philosophy is fictional or fiction philosophical, and about the relationship between horror, the exigencies of our world and time, and the future developments that may await us in philosophy itself. From philosophers working on horrific themes, to horror writers influenced by heresies in the wake of post-Kantianism, to artists engaged in projects that address monstrosity and alienation, Diseases of the Head aims at nothing less than a speculative coup d'état.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Refusing both total negation and absolute affirmation, refusing to deny everything or account for everything, refusing the posture of critique and the posture of all-encompassing unification, this collection of essays aims at exposition and construction, analysis and creation – it desires to fight for some thing, but not everything, and not nothing. And it desires, most of all, to speak from the position of its own insufficiency, its own partiality, its own under-determinacy, which is always indicative of the practice of thinking, of speculation. Considering themes of anonymity, otherness and alterity, the gothic, extinction and the world without us, the end times, the apocalypse, the ancient and the world before us, and the uncanny or unheimlich, among other motifs, this anthology seeks to articulate the cutting edge which can be found at the intersection of speculative philosophy and speculative horror.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Diseases of the Head is an anthology of essays from contemporary philosophers, artists, and writers working at the crossroads of speculative philosophy and speculative horror. At once a compendium of multivocal endeavors, a breviary of supposedly illicit ponderings, and a travelogue of philosophical exploration, this collection centers itself on the place at which philosophy and horror meet. Employing rigorous analysis, incisive experimentation, and novel invention, this anthology asks about the use that speculation can make of horror and horror of speculation, about whether philosophy is fictional or fiction philosophical, and about the relationship between horror, the exigencies of our world and time, and the future developments that may await us in philosophy itself. From philosophers working on horrific themes, to horror writers influenced by heresies in the wake of post-Kantianism, to artists engaged in projects that address monstrosity and alienation, Diseases of the Head aims at nothing less than a speculative coup d'état.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Refusing both total negation and absolute affirmation, refusing to deny everything or account for everything, refusing the posture of critique and the posture of all-encompassing unification, this collection of essays aims at exposition and construction, analysis and creation – it desires to fight for some thing, but not everything, and not nothing. And it desires, most of all, to speak from the position of its own insufficiency, its own partiality, its own under-determinacy, which is always indicative of the practice of thinking, of speculation. Considering themes of anonymity, otherness and alterity, the gothic, extinction and the world without us, the end times, the apocalypse, the ancient and the world before us, and the uncanny or unheimlich, among other motifs, this anthology seeks to articulate the cutting edge which can be found at the intersection of speculative philosophy and speculative horror.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Diseases of the Head is an anthology of essays from contemporary philosophers, artists, and writers working at the crossroads of speculative philosophy and speculative horror. At once a compendium of multivocal endeavors, a breviary of supposedly illicit ponderings, and a travelogue of philosophical exploration, this collection centers itself on the place at which philosophy and horror meet. Employing rigorous analysis, incisive experimentation, and novel invention, this anthology asks about the use that speculation can make of horror and horror of speculation, about whether philosophy is fictional or fiction philosophical, and about the relationship between horror, the exigencies of our world and time, and the future developments that may await us in philosophy itself. From philosophers working on horrific themes, to horror writers influenced by heresies in the wake of post-Kantianism, to artists engaged in projects that address monstrosity and alienation, Diseases of the Head aims at nothing less than a speculative coup d'état.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Refusing both total negation and absolute affirmation, refusing to deny everything or account for everything, refusing the posture of critique and the posture of all-encompassing unification, this collection of essays aims at exposition and construction, analysis and creation – it desires to fight for some thing, but not everything, and not nothing. And it desires, most of all, to speak from the position of its own insufficiency, its own partiality, its own under-determinacy, which is always indicative of the practice of thinking, of speculation. Considering themes of anonymity, otherness and alterity, the gothic, extinction and the world without us, the end times, the apocalypse, the ancient and the world before us, and the uncanny or unheimlich, among other motifs, this anthology seeks to articulate the cutting edge which can be found at the intersection of speculative philosophy and speculative horror.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Eric Wilson is senior lecturer of public law at Monash University, Melbourne in Australia. He received a Doctorate in History from Cambridge University in 1991 and a Doctorate of Juridical Science from the University of Melbourne in 2005. His publications include The Savage Republic: De Indis of Hugo Grotius, Republicanism, and Dutch Hegemony in the Early Modern World System (c.1600–1619) (Martinus Nijhoff, 2008). He is currently editing a series of volumes on critical criminology devoted to the relationships between covert government agency, organized crime, and extra-judicial forms of governance; the first volume in the series, Government of the Shadows: Parapolitics and Criminal Sovereignty, was published by Pluto Press in 2009. The second volume, The Dual State: Parapolitics, Carl Schmitt, and the National Security Complex, was released by Ashgate Publishing in November 2012. Another volume on parapolitics, The Spectacle of the False Flag: From JFK to Watergate was published by punctum books in 2015. His most recent monograph is The Republic of Cthulhu: Lovecraft, the Weird Tale, and Conspiracy Theory (punctum books, 2016). His research interests are radical criminology, critical jurisprudence and the application of the work of René Girard to Law and Literature.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;All too often, defining a discipline becomes more an exercise of exclusion than inclusion. Disrupting the Digital Humanities seeks to rethink how we map disciplinary terrain by directly confronting the gatekeeping impulse of many other so-called field-defining collections. What is most beautiful about the work of the Digital Humanities is exactly the fact that it can’t be tidily anthologized. In fact, the desire to neatly define the Digital Humanities (to filter the DH-y from the DH) is a way of excluding the radically diverse work that actually constitutes the field. This collection, then, works to push and prod at the edges of the Digital Humanities — to open the Digital Humanities rather than close it down. Ultimately, it’s exactly the fringes, the outliers, that make the Digital Humanities both heterogeneous and rigorous.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This collection does not constitute yet another reservoir for the new Digital Humanities canon. Rather, its aim is less about assembling content as it is about creating new conversations. Building a truly communal space for the digital humanities requires that we all approach that space with a commitment to: 1) creating open and non-hierarchical dialogues; 2) championing non-traditional work that might not otherwise be recognized through conventional scholarly channels; 3) amplifying marginalized voices; 4) advocating for students and learners; and 5) sharing generously and openly to support the work of our peers.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;All too often, defining a discipline becomes more an exercise of exclusion than inclusion. Disrupting the Digital Humanities seeks to rethink how we map disciplinary terrain by directly confronting the gatekeeping impulse of many other so-called field-defining collections. What is most beautiful about the work of the Digital Humanities is exactly the fact that it can’t be tidily anthologized. In fact, the desire to neatly define the Digital Humanities (to filter the DH-y from the DH) is a way of excluding the radically diverse work that actually constitutes the field. This collection, then, works to push and prod at the edges of the Digital Humanities — to open the Digital Humanities rather than close it down. Ultimately, it’s exactly the fringes, the outliers, that make the Digital Humanities both heterogeneous and rigorous.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This collection does not constitute yet another reservoir for the new Digital Humanities canon. Rather, its aim is less about assembling content as it is about creating new conversations. Building a truly communal space for the digital humanities requires that we all approach that space with a commitment to: 1) creating open and non-hierarchical dialogues; 2) championing non-traditional work that might not otherwise be recognized through conventional scholarly channels; 3) amplifying marginalized voices; 4) advocating for students and learners; and 5) sharing generously and openly to support the work of our peers.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Much of this introduction was written before the world went to shit. The chapters here, no matter how recently written, can’t keep at bay a world being actively undone. We find ourselves wonder-ing  why  and  how  this  work  even  matters.  What  has  the  digital  humanities community done collectively for #BlackLivesMatter? What  place  is  there  for  pedagogy  in  a  world  where  education  has been so systematically devalued, where students worry that even their classroom isn’t safe from an ICE raid? How do we rally when so many are complicit? Scholarship can only vaguely hope to keep up. And so these are not really the questions of this vol-ume. But they should be. As a field like digital humanities squab-bles,  the  world  around  it  is  laid  to  waste.  Academic  turf  wars  have  no  place  in  a  world  of  mass-shootings,  fear-mongering,  xenophobia,  and  white  supremacy.  Demanding  fellow  scholars  do a literature review before speaking their mind has no place in a world of AR-15 assault rifles and weaponized algorithms. When something as basic as going to the bathroom lacks dignity for so many, we have no use for double-blind peer review.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Much of this introduction was written before the world went to shit. The chapters here, no matter how recently written, can’t keep at bay a world being actively undone. We find ourselves wonder-ing  why  and  how  this  work  even  matters.  What  has  the  digital  humanities community done collectively for #BlackLivesMatter? What  place  is  there  for  pedagogy  in  a  world  where  education  has been so systematically devalued, where students worry that even their classroom isn’t safe from an ICE raid? How do we rally when so many are complicit? Scholarship can only vaguely hope to keep up. And so these are not really the questions of this vol-ume. But they should be. As a field like digital humanities squab-bles,  the  world  around  it  is  laid  to  waste.  Academic  turf  wars  have  no  place  in  a  world  of  mass-shootings,  fear-mongering,  xenophobia,  and  white  supremacy.  Demanding  fellow  scholars  do a literature review before speaking their mind has no place in a world of AR-15 assault rifles and weaponized algorithms. When something as basic as going to the bathroom lacks dignity for so many, we have no use for double-blind peer review.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;I am often asked about the digital humanities and how it can up-date, make relevant, and provide funding for many a beleaguered humanities  department.  Some  faculty  at  underfunded  institu-tions imagine DH is going to revitalize their discipline—it’s go-ing  to  magically  interest  undergraduates,  give  faculty  research  funding, and exponentially increase enrollment.Well,  the  reality  is  this:  what  has  until  recently  been  com-monly  understood  as  real  “Digital  Humanities”  is  already  be-lated and is not going to save humanities departments from ever bigger budget cuts and potential dissolution.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;I am often asked about the digital humanities and how it can up-date, make relevant, and provide funding for many a beleaguered humanities  department.  Some  faculty  at  underfunded  institu-tions imagine DH is going to revitalize their discipline—it’s go-ing  to  magically  interest  undergraduates,  give  faculty  research  funding, and exponentially increase enrollment.Well,  the  reality  is  this:  what  has  until  recently  been  com-monly  understood  as  real  “Digital  Humanities”  is  already  be-lated and is not going to save humanities departments from ever bigger budget cuts and potential dissolution.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Folklorists often balk at the common usage of the word “myth” to  mean  “lie.”  A  myth,  by  their  disciplinary  definition,  is  quite  the  opposite.  A  myth  is  a  culture’s  sacred  story.  It  involves  su-pernatural  or  supreme  beings  —  gods.  It  explains  origins  and  destinies. A myth is the Truth. So when I say that “disruptive innovation” is one of the great myths  of  the  contemporary  business  world,  particularly  of  the  tech industry, I don’t mean by “myth” that Clayton Christensen’s explanation  of  changes  to  markets  and  business  models  and  technologies  is  a  falsehood.  (I  have  an  MA  in  Folklore,  not  an  MBA — so that’s part of it, for sure.) Rather, my assigning “myth” to  “disruptive  innovation”  is  meant  to  highlight  the  ways  in  which  this  narrative  has  been  widely  accepted  as  unassailably  true. No doubt (as a Harvard professor) Christensen has faced very  little  skepticism  or  criticism  about  his  theory  concerning  the transformation of industries — why, it’s as if The Innovator’s Dilemma were some sort of sacred text.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Folklorists often balk at the common usage of the word “myth” to  mean  “lie.”  A  myth,  by  their  disciplinary  definition,  is  quite  the  opposite.  A  myth  is  a  culture’s  sacred  story.  It  involves  su-pernatural  or  supreme  beings  —  gods.  It  explains  origins  and  destinies. A myth is the Truth. So when I say that “disruptive innovation” is one of the great myths  of  the  contemporary  business  world,  particularly  of  the  tech industry, I don’t mean by “myth” that Clayton Christensen’s explanation  of  changes  to  markets  and  business  models  and  technologies  is  a  falsehood.  (I  have  an  MA  in  Folklore,  not  an  MBA — so that’s part of it, for sure.) Rather, my assigning “myth” to  “disruptive  innovation”  is  meant  to  highlight  the  ways  in  which  this  narrative  has  been  widely  accepted  as  unassailably  true. No doubt (as a Harvard professor) Christensen has faced very  little  skepticism  or  criticism  about  his  theory  concerning  the transformation of industries — why, it’s as if The Innovator’s Dilemma were some sort of sacred text.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;I started out hating the title of this volume. Disruption has a spe-cial place in the mythology of my native land of Silicon Valley: Every startup promises disruptive technologies that will change the  industry  forever,  and  “Don’t  think  outside  the  box—blow  up all the boxes!” is written in invisible ink on the business card of every VC on Sand Hill Road. “Why do we want to disrupt the digital humanities?” I muttered to myself. Why would we want to  borrow  the  rhetoric  and  methodology  of  Kleiner  Perkins  (which was known as a hegemonic boys club long before Ellen Pao sued them)? Is the Harvard MBA Program really the place to turn for new models of innovation in humanistic inquiry? Can’t we  effect  change—deep,  meaningful  change—without  adopt-ing the language of one of the most inequitable neighborhoods of  late-stage  capitalism?  But  in  the  course  of  trying  to  find  a  place for my thoughts about community, conversation, and the digital  humanities  under  an  umbrella  that  is  labeled  disrupt, I  have  found  my  way  to  a  new  understanding  of  what  we  are  doing here. What follows is an anatomy, a taxonomy, even a ge-nealogy of the term “disrupt” and a discussion of the questions that precipitate out of each usage of the word. The emphasis on questions rather than answers is intentional and, I think, important, for if we are to diversify the digital humanities, there must be room for multiple solutions to every problem.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;I started out hating the title of this volume. Disruption has a spe-cial place in the mythology of my native land of Silicon Valley: Every startup promises disruptive technologies that will change the  industry  forever,  and  “Don’t  think  outside  the  box—blow  up all the boxes!” is written in invisible ink on the business card of every VC on Sand Hill Road. “Why do we want to disrupt the digital humanities?” I muttered to myself. Why would we want to  borrow  the  rhetoric  and  methodology  of  Kleiner  Perkins  (which was known as a hegemonic boys club long before Ellen Pao sued them)? Is the Harvard MBA Program really the place to turn for new models of innovation in humanistic inquiry? Can’t we  effect  change—deep,  meaningful  change—without  adopt-ing the language of one of the most inequitable neighborhoods of  late-stage  capitalism?  But  in  the  course  of  trying  to  find  a  place for my thoughts about community, conversation, and the digital  humanities  under  an  umbrella  that  is  labeled  disrupt, I  have  found  my  way  to  a  new  understanding  of  what  we  are  doing here. What follows is an anatomy, a taxonomy, even a ge-nealogy of the term “disrupt” and a discussion of the questions that precipitate out of each usage of the word. The emphasis on questions rather than answers is intentional and, I think, important, for if we are to diversify the digital humanities, there must be room for multiple solutions to every problem.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;I  am  going  back  and  re-reading  a  handful  of  articles  from  the  1970s published in the journal “Computers and the Humanities.”1I am struck by how innovative and imaginative so many of these articles are. I am also struck and saddened by how little the field has  progressed.  R.L.  Widmann,  one  of  my  dearest  mentors,  wrote (five years before I was born), “the increasing numbers of works which do use computers with intelligence and perceptive-ness demonstrate the versatility to which the scholar’s imagina-tion  can  be  put.  It  was  a  very  good  year.”2  The  year  was  1971.  The pieces I’m reading outline the 6 or 7 or 8 new (and revolu-tionary) approaches being used for thinking about the intersec-tions between computers and the humanities. These pieces also map  something  very  close  to  the  current  philosophical  terrain  of digital humanities pedagogy. They do so with an intense cu-riosity about what else might be possible. In R.L.’s work, there is no entrenchment. There is no unwillingness to account for edge cases. The limits of what counts and doesn’t count are described repeatedly as “arbitrary.” I’m certain the field wasn’t entirely rosy in 1971, but I have an incredible amount of hope reading these now  and  thinking  about  what  we  might  be  able  to  discover  in  the next 45 years.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;I  am  going  back  and  re-reading  a  handful  of  articles  from  the  1970s published in the journal “Computers and the Humanities.”1I am struck by how innovative and imaginative so many of these articles are. I am also struck and saddened by how little the field has  progressed.  R.L.  Widmann,  one  of  my  dearest  mentors,  wrote (five years before I was born), “the increasing numbers of works which do use computers with intelligence and perceptive-ness demonstrate the versatility to which the scholar’s imagina-tion  can  be  put.  It  was  a  very  good  year.”2  The  year  was  1971.  The pieces I’m reading outline the 6 or 7 or 8 new (and revolu-tionary) approaches being used for thinking about the intersec-tions between computers and the humanities. These pieces also map  something  very  close  to  the  current  philosophical  terrain  of digital humanities pedagogy. They do so with an intense cu-riosity about what else might be possible. In R.L.’s work, there is no entrenchment. There is no unwillingness to account for edge cases. The limits of what counts and doesn’t count are described repeatedly as “arbitrary.” I’m certain the field wasn’t entirely rosy in 1971, but I have an incredible amount of hope reading these now  and  thinking  about  what  we  might  be  able  to  discover  in  the next 45 years.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Universal Design and Its Discontents</TitleText>
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            <Affiliation>Louisiana State University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This  collaborative  essay  offers  two  perspectives  on  disability  and  universalism  in  the  fields  of  Digital  Humanities  (DH)  and  Universal Design (UD). One of the authors, Richard H. Godden, considers  how  a  particular  experience  of  disability  shapes  his  use of media and also informs his reactions to proscriptive state-ments about the use of technology; the other author, Jonathan Hsy, writes as a nondisabled ally who considers some of the dis-cursive and practical complications that arise in efforts to make the  web  more  accessible  to  people  with  disabilities.  While  we  each come from different perspectives, both of us seek to inter-rogate what it exactly means for a community to establish a set of “best practices” for the use of technology, and we both reveal how even the most well-intentioned universalist discourses can risk effacing crucial particularities of embodied experience.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This  collaborative  essay  offers  two  perspectives  on  disability  and  universalism  in  the  fields  of  Digital  Humanities  (DH)  and  Universal Design (UD). One of the authors, Richard H. Godden, considers  how  a  particular  experience  of  disability  shapes  his  use of media and also informs his reactions to proscriptive state-ments about the use of technology; the other author, Jonathan Hsy, writes as a nondisabled ally who considers some of the dis-cursive and practical complications that arise in efforts to make the  web  more  accessible  to  people  with  disabilities.  While  we  each come from different perspectives, both of us seek to inter-rogate what it exactly means for a community to establish a set of “best practices” for the use of technology, and we both reveal how even the most well-intentioned universalist discourses can risk effacing crucial particularities of embodied experience.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">DH as "Disruptive Innovation" for Restorative Social Justice</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Virtual Heritage and 3D Reconstructions of South Africa's Township Histories</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Angel Nieves</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>Hamilton College</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Much of this essay constitutes an initial effort to frame an open access  digital-first  publication  tentatively  entitled,  Apartheid Heritage(s): A Spatial History of South Africa’s Black Townships with  Stanford  University  Press  as  its  designated  publisher.  The  project involves the development of a multi-modal 3D  qualita-tive geospatial archive and platform for research into the apart-heid-era  “South  Western  Townships,”  better  known  as  Soweto,  outside Johannesburg, South Africa.Some  background  is  needed  to  better  situate  this  research.  In 2011, the United Nations issued a report that declared inter-net access a human right.1 (Interestingly, on that same day two-thirds of Syria’s internet access had gone dark — something that was  likely  the  work  of  the  Assad  regime  in  response  to  unrest  in  that  country.)  In  2013,  a  group  of  scholars  from  across  the  United  States  approached  the  Alliance  of  Digital  Humanities  Organizations (ADHO) with a proposal for a new special interest group (or SIG) with a focus on social justice and human rights. As  one  step  forward,  the  group  developed  an  “advisory  docu-ment for  building  collaborative  projects,  conducting  events,  gathering sensitive data, and composing scholarly communica-tions with social justice issues and human rights in mind.”2  As  part of the initial group of scholars who worked to develop this special interest group, I was much more invested in the poten-tial praxis-based strategies we might develop — perhaps a list of ethical  guidelines  or  even  a  kind  of  social  justice  toolkit — for engaging  in  community-centered  digital  humanities  projects.  Some of what I will be discussing in this essay is in itself filled with  some  controversy  and  is  worthy  of  further  debate  with  regard  to  issues  of  ethics,  “reality,”  and  truth  as  applied  to  his-torical reconstructions — specifically computer-generated visu-alizations of historic landscapes and buildings within contested areas  in  certain  fields — as  issues  of  power  and  representation  cannot be overlooked.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Much of this essay constitutes an initial effort to frame an open access  digital-first  publication  tentatively  entitled,  Apartheid Heritage(s): A Spatial History of South Africa’s Black Townships with  Stanford  University  Press  as  its  designated  publisher.  The  project involves the development of a multi-modal 3D  qualita-tive geospatial archive and platform for research into the apart-heid-era  “South  Western  Townships,”  better  known  as  Soweto,  outside Johannesburg, South Africa.Some  background  is  needed  to  better  situate  this  research.  In 2011, the United Nations issued a report that declared inter-net access a human right.1 (Interestingly, on that same day two-thirds of Syria’s internet access had gone dark — something that was  likely  the  work  of  the  Assad  regime  in  response  to  unrest  in  that  country.)  In  2013,  a  group  of  scholars  from  across  the  United  States  approached  the  Alliance  of  Digital  Humanities  Organizations (ADHO) with a proposal for a new special interest group (or SIG) with a focus on social justice and human rights. As  one  step  forward,  the  group  developed  an  “advisory  docu-ment for  building  collaborative  projects,  conducting  events,  gathering sensitive data, and composing scholarly communica-tions with social justice issues and human rights in mind.”2  As  part of the initial group of scholars who worked to develop this special interest group, I was much more invested in the poten-tial praxis-based strategies we might develop — perhaps a list of ethical  guidelines  or  even  a  kind  of  social  justice  toolkit — for engaging  in  community-centered  digital  humanities  projects.  Some of what I will be discussing in this essay is in itself filled with  some  controversy  and  is  worthy  of  further  debate  with  regard  to  issues  of  ethics,  “reality,”  and  truth  as  applied  to  his-torical reconstructions — specifically computer-generated visu-alizations of historic landscapes and buildings within contested areas  in  certain  fields — as  issues  of  power  and  representation  cannot be overlooked.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Lowriding through the Digital Humanities</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Annemarie Perez</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Lowriders are customized automobiles with a specific aesthetic that first appeared in the United States southwest in the mid-to-late 1940s, a product of a southwestern Mexican American culture.2 Lowriders are also the individuals who make these modi-fications. In contrast to the jacked up “hot rods” raced by Anglos of the period, lowriders are cars modified to be low to the road. The point isn’t to speed, but to cruise as low and slow as possible, disrupting traffic. In this way, the lowriders resisted the period’s white youth culture and made their creators visible to each oth-er’s  gaze.  Lowriding  also  functions  as  social  practice,  claiming  and constructing specific spaces in streets and parks where low-riders  can,  as  Ben  Chappell  writes,  “cruise,  display  their  rides,  and socialize.”3 In digital humanities, a discipline that publishes quickly, this essay has been written slowly and with much modi-fication since its frame began in 2011 in the comments of a series of #TransformDH blog posts.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Lowriders are customized automobiles with a specific aesthetic that first appeared in the United States southwest in the mid-to-late 1940s, a product of a southwestern Mexican American culture.2 Lowriders are also the individuals who make these modi-fications. In contrast to the jacked up “hot rods” raced by Anglos of the period, lowriders are cars modified to be low to the road. The point isn’t to speed, but to cruise as low and slow as possible, disrupting traffic. In this way, the lowriders resisted the period’s white youth culture and made their creators visible to each oth-er’s  gaze.  Lowriding  also  functions  as  social  practice,  claiming  and constructing specific spaces in streets and parks where low-riders  can,  as  Ben  Chappell  writes,  “cruise,  display  their  rides,  and socialize.”3 In digital humanities, a discipline that publishes quickly, this essay has been written slowly and with much modi-fication since its frame began in 2011 in the comments of a series of #TransformDH blog posts.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Gold Star for You</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Mongrel Coalition Against Gringpo</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;GOLD  STAR  FOR  NOTICING  GENTRIFICATION—YA  KNOW  THIS  VIOLENT RACIST TRADITION OF SEGREGATION THAT’S BEEN THE BUILDING  BLOCK  OF  AMERICA—GOLD  STAR  FOR  FINALLY  NO-TICING THIS AS A POTENTIAL REALITY GOLD STAR FOR THE MOST PUBLIC WHITE TEARS AND GOLD STAR FOR DEFENDING KG AND VP DUE TO INDIFFERENCE TO POC BODIES AND SELFISH CAREERIST CONCERNS GOLD STAR FOR BEING WHITE AND REMEMBERING YOUR MIGRA-TION NARRATIVE. MINUS GOLD STAR FOR EQUATING THIS MEM-ORY AS EXCLUDING THE PRIVILEGES OF POSSESSIVE WHITENESSGOLD  STAR  FOR  READING  ONE  BOOK  BY  A  BLACK  POET  AND  POSTING ABOUT IT ONE TIME ON FACEBOOK GOLD STAR&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;GOLD  STAR  FOR  NOTICING  GENTRIFICATION—YA  KNOW  THIS  VIOLENT RACIST TRADITION OF SEGREGATION THAT’S BEEN THE BUILDING  BLOCK  OF  AMERICA—GOLD  STAR  FOR  FINALLY  NO-TICING THIS AS A POTENTIAL REALITY GOLD STAR FOR THE MOST PUBLIC WHITE TEARS AND GOLD STAR FOR DEFENDING KG AND VP DUE TO INDIFFERENCE TO POC BODIES AND SELFISH CAREERIST CONCERNS GOLD STAR FOR BEING WHITE AND REMEMBERING YOUR MIGRA-TION NARRATIVE. MINUS GOLD STAR FOR EQUATING THIS MEM-ORY AS EXCLUDING THE PRIVILEGES OF POSSESSIVE WHITENESSGOLD  STAR  FOR  READING  ONE  BOOK  BY  A  BLACK  POET  AND  POSTING ABOUT IT ONE TIME ON FACEBOOK GOLD STAR&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Mongrel Dream Library</TitleText>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;mongrel cliff notes: literally shoving you off a cliff: the notes MONGREL  CLIFF  NOTES  LITERALLY  SHOVING  YOU  OFF  A  CLIFF:  THE NOTES:Some of these books have been published under different titles, but  we  understand  it’s  hard  to  read  anything  conjured  by  the  misshapen brains of POC. This is why we’ve decided to celebrate a  longstanding  Western  literary  tradition  by  starting  a  series  of  books  with  accessible  titles  that  are  reformulations  of  great  “unknown” critical works, thereby making them more digestible and white-friendly.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;mongrel cliff notes: literally shoving you off a cliff: the notes MONGREL  CLIFF  NOTES  LITERALLY  SHOVING  YOU  OFF  A  CLIFF:  THE NOTES:Some of these books have been published under different titles, but  we  understand  it’s  hard  to  read  anything  conjured  by  the  misshapen brains of POC. This is why we’ve decided to celebrate a  longstanding  Western  literary  tradition  by  starting  a  series  of  books  with  accessible  titles  that  are  reformulations  of  great  “unknown” critical works, thereby making them more digestible and white-friendly.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Exceptionalism in Digital Humanities</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Community, Collaboration, and Consensus</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Michelle Moravec</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>Rosemont College</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In 2013 Diane Jakacki wondered “Is There Such a Thing as Digi-tal Exceptionalism” and concluded that digital humanists have “spent so long being on the outside, marginalized, trying to con-vince anyone who would listen that what we do matter and that it  is  meaningful  scholarship;  now  people  are  paying  attention.  [...] We can’t quite shake that need to justify, to foreground, to compare,  to  privilege.”1  Digital  exceptionalism  is  suffused  with  techno-optimism around what the digital can do and with the belief that the digital represents a marked, and presumably bet-ter, break with all that came before. Paul Fyfe has described the “hack versus yack” debate as digital humanities’ particular vari-ant on this theme.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In 2013 Diane Jakacki wondered “Is There Such a Thing as Digi-tal Exceptionalism” and concluded that digital humanists have “spent so long being on the outside, marginalized, trying to con-vince anyone who would listen that what we do matter and that it  is  meaningful  scholarship;  now  people  are  paying  attention.  [...] We can’t quite shake that need to justify, to foreground, to compare,  to  privilege.”1  Digital  exceptionalism  is  suffused  with  techno-optimism around what the digital can do and with the belief that the digital represents a marked, and presumably bet-ter, break with all that came before. Paul Fyfe has described the “hack versus yack” debate as digital humanities’ particular vari-ant on this theme.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">The Problem with ProfHacker</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Matt Thomas</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>University of Iowa</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;To the extent that they think about it at all, when most people hear the word “hacker,” they still probably picture someone who uses  a  computer  to  gain  unauthorized  access  to  information.  In  most  people’s  minds,  hackers,  even  now,  are  criminals,  and  “hacks”  such  as  headline-grabbing  data  breaches  are  a  regret-table feature of twenty-first century life that one must deal with, not  something  the  average  person  does.  But  since  at  least  the  mid 2000s, the term “hacking” has increasingly been applied to more and more activities outwardly having nothing to do with computers, and “hacking” has come to mean using ingenuity to improve things. People now routinely talk about hacking their work, their hobbies, their possessions, their bodies, and so on. These people have taken a practice traditionally associated with computers—i.e.,  “hacking”—and  broadened  it  to  encompass  literally  anything  under  the  sun.  Indeed,  people  now  speak  of  hacking  everything  from  IKEA  furniture  to  democracy  like  it’s  the most normal thing in the world.2 Business and lifestyle pub-lications  have  rechristened  advice  from  investment  how-tos  to  beauty  tips  as  hacks.  I’m  not  the  only  one  to  notice  this  meta-phor  creep.  People  joke  about  it  on  social  media  all  the  time.  Next up, I predict, will be “hacking fatigue.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;To the extent that they think about it at all, when most people hear the word “hacker,” they still probably picture someone who uses  a  computer  to  gain  unauthorized  access  to  information.  In  most  people’s  minds,  hackers,  even  now,  are  criminals,  and  “hacks”  such  as  headline-grabbing  data  breaches  are  a  regret-table feature of twenty-first century life that one must deal with, not  something  the  average  person  does.  But  since  at  least  the  mid 2000s, the term “hacking” has increasingly been applied to more and more activities outwardly having nothing to do with computers, and “hacking” has come to mean using ingenuity to improve things. People now routinely talk about hacking their work, their hobbies, their possessions, their bodies, and so on. These people have taken a practice traditionally associated with computers—i.e.,  “hacking”—and  broadened  it  to  encompass  literally  anything  under  the  sun.  Indeed,  people  now  speak  of  hacking  everything  from  IKEA  furniture  to  democracy  like  it’s  the most normal thing in the world.2 Business and lifestyle pub-lications  have  rechristened  advice  from  investment  how-tos  to  beauty  tips  as  hacks.  I’m  not  the  only  one  to  notice  this  meta-phor  creep.  People  joke  about  it  on  social  media  all  the  time.  Next up, I predict, will be “hacking fatigue.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Digital Humanities and the Erosion of Inquiry</TitleText>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;There’s  something  die-hard  about  academics.  When  you  think  about  it,  there’s  nothing  more  unlikely  than  leading  a  life  de-voted  to  knowledge,  to  discovery  and  inquiry,  to  curiosity.  It’s  not practical. Not many parents want their kids to grow up to be scholars. We’d rather our kids have security, stability—an edu-cation, yes, and a job and a house and a family, yes. But few of us say “I want you to spend the rest of your life in a library carrel, carrying  on  conversations  arcane  to  other  people.”  Academics  hoe a row that may or may not yield a crop. It’s risky, doing this work. And yet there’s nothing else we’d like to be doing.There’s a lot of talk about the liberal arts and the humanities being in peril, or that scholarship itself is in profound crisis. To this, I have said that “If higher education is ailing, it is only be-cause its many doctors have not applied themselves to its resus-citation.” There is no better solution to the problems scholarship faces than its professors, adjuncts, and students. People are the solution to whatever ails the profession. Each of us has agency we can apply — not only to create our own success, but to ensure the success of those who come after us.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;There’s  something  die-hard  about  academics.  When  you  think  about  it,  there’s  nothing  more  unlikely  than  leading  a  life  de-voted  to  knowledge,  to  discovery  and  inquiry,  to  curiosity.  It’s  not practical. Not many parents want their kids to grow up to be scholars. We’d rather our kids have security, stability—an edu-cation, yes, and a job and a house and a family, yes. But few of us say “I want you to spend the rest of your life in a library carrel, carrying  on  conversations  arcane  to  other  people.”  Academics  hoe a row that may or may not yield a crop. It’s risky, doing this work. And yet there’s nothing else we’d like to be doing.There’s a lot of talk about the liberal arts and the humanities being in peril, or that scholarship itself is in profound crisis. To this, I have said that “If higher education is ailing, it is only be-cause its many doctors have not applied themselves to its resus-citation.” There is no better solution to the problems scholarship faces than its professors, adjuncts, and students. People are the solution to whatever ails the profession. Each of us has agency we can apply — not only to create our own success, but to ensure the success of those who come after us.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">#transform(ing)DH Writing and Research</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">An Autoethonography of Digital Humanities and Feminist Ethics</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Moya Bailey</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>Northwestern University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;As I began to work on my book, Transforming Misogynoir: Black Women’s Digital Resistance in US Culture, I prioritized transpar-ency.  I  used  my  own  blog  and  the  Digital  Humanities  blog  at  Northeastern  University  to  provide  readers  with  insights  into  the  academic  publishing  process  and  my  efforts  to  shape  this  process into a more just experience for my research collabora-tors.1 My research highlights the networks contemporary Black trans women create through the production of digital media and in this article I make the emotional and uncompensated labor of this community visible. I provide an added level of insight into my research process as a way to mirror the access I was granted by  these  collaborators.  I  use  Digital  Humanist  Mark  Sample’s  concept of collaborative connections to demonstrate my own ef-forts  to  enact  a  transformative  feminist  process  of  writing  and  researching  in  the  Digital  Humanities  (DH)  while  highlighting  he ways in which the communities I follow are doing the same in their spheres of influence.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;As I began to work on my book, Transforming Misogynoir: Black Women’s Digital Resistance in US Culture, I prioritized transpar-ency.  I  used  my  own  blog  and  the  Digital  Humanities  blog  at  Northeastern  University  to  provide  readers  with  insights  into  the  academic  publishing  process  and  my  efforts  to  shape  this  process into a more just experience for my research collabora-tors.1 My research highlights the networks contemporary Black trans women create through the production of digital media and in this article I make the emotional and uncompensated labor of this community visible. I provide an added level of insight into my research process as a way to mirror the access I was granted by  these  collaborators.  I  use  Digital  Humanist  Mark  Sample’s  concept of collaborative connections to demonstrate my own ef-forts  to  enact  a  transformative  feminist  process  of  writing  and  researching  in  the  Digital  Humanities  (DH)  while  highlighting  he ways in which the communities I follow are doing the same in their spheres of influence.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">DH and Adjuncts</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Putting the Human Back into the Humanities</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Kathi Inman Berens</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>Portland State University</Affiliation>
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          <PersonName>Laura Sanders</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;For MLA 2015, I wrote a piece called “Want to Save the Humani-ties? Teach Adjuncts to Learn Digital Tools.”1At the time, I was an adjunct. Fall 2015 I started my first year as a tenure-track professor after teaching nine years as an NTT and  four  years  as  an  adjunct.  I  am  a  mid-career  scholar  who  is  also  legitimately  “early  career,”  writing  a  proposal  for  my  first book contract, preparing lectures for a slate of new course preps,  looking  for  grants.  I’m  happy  to  be  “junior,”  even  if  the  nomenclature  of  our  profession  is  an  atavism  from  when  the  field  was  more  homogenous  and  marked  rites  of  passage  for  mostly young white men from “assistant” to “associate.” Many of the “junior” faculty I know today are my age, and have walked what would have seemed a twisty path twenty years ago. In 1969, tenured or TT faculty comprised 80% of the professoriate. Today that ratio has flipped.2 But the field’s nomenclature is rooted in a time when, as a colleague once told me of his own childhood, an English professor could buy a house and raise four children on a single income.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;For MLA 2015, I wrote a piece called “Want to Save the Humani-ties? Teach Adjuncts to Learn Digital Tools.”1At the time, I was an adjunct. Fall 2015 I started my first year as a tenure-track professor after teaching nine years as an NTT and  four  years  as  an  adjunct.  I  am  a  mid-career  scholar  who  is  also  legitimately  “early  career,”  writing  a  proposal  for  my  first book contract, preparing lectures for a slate of new course preps,  looking  for  grants.  I’m  happy  to  be  “junior,”  even  if  the  nomenclature  of  our  profession  is  an  atavism  from  when  the  field  was  more  homogenous  and  marked  rites  of  passage  for  mostly young white men from “assistant” to “associate.” Many of the “junior” faculty I know today are my age, and have walked what would have seemed a twisty path twenty years ago. In 1969, tenured or TT faculty comprised 80% of the professoriate. Today that ratio has flipped.2 But the field’s nomenclature is rooted in a time when, as a colleague once told me of his own childhood, an English professor could buy a house and raise four children on a single income.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;I  am  a  brown  Puerto  Rican  female,  first-generation  graduate  with a PhD. Until recently, I worked within academia, and now I am an independent scholar and editor for an online publica-tion  on  sound  studies.  Despite  my  scholarly  history,  I  hesitate  to  call  myself  a  digital  humanist.  Twitter  was  my  introduction  to digital humanities, very much like Annemarie Pérez states in her contribution “Lowriding through the Digital Humanities.”1 I joined Twitter in 2009 out of curiosity but didn’t become an avid user until mid 2010, when I moved to Kansas City and started a new job while still having a dissertation to finish. I found an academic  and  professional  community  on  Twitter  that  filled  a  void I had in my offline life. On Twitter I felt seen and heard in academic circles in a way I hadn’t before. By virtue of being a humanist and the academics I followed on Twitter, I quickly learned that there was a thing called “digi-tal humanities.” I had never heard the term in my college class-room or from my professors or college peers. I came across the short-hand  DH  and  the  hashtags  #DH,  #digitalhumanities  and  later #TransformDH. The medium, which lended itself to casual conversations as well as bite-sized insights, made me feel comfortable  enough  to  follow  along  with  these  conversations  and  occasionally even chime in on the latest DH topic of the week.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;I  am  a  brown  Puerto  Rican  female,  first-generation  graduate  with a PhD. Until recently, I worked within academia, and now I am an independent scholar and editor for an online publica-tion  on  sound  studies.  Despite  my  scholarly  history,  I  hesitate  to  call  myself  a  digital  humanist.  Twitter  was  my  introduction  to digital humanities, very much like Annemarie Pérez states in her contribution “Lowriding through the Digital Humanities.”1 I joined Twitter in 2009 out of curiosity but didn’t become an avid user until mid 2010, when I moved to Kansas City and started a new job while still having a dissertation to finish. I found an academic  and  professional  community  on  Twitter  that  filled  a  void I had in my offline life. On Twitter I felt seen and heard in academic circles in a way I hadn’t before. By virtue of being a humanist and the academics I followed on Twitter, I quickly learned that there was a thing called “digi-tal humanities.” I had never heard the term in my college class-room or from my professors or college peers. I came across the short-hand  DH  and  the  hashtags  #DH,  #digitalhumanities  and  later #TransformDH. The medium, which lended itself to casual conversations as well as bite-sized insights, made me feel comfortable  enough  to  follow  along  with  these  conversations  and  occasionally even chime in on the latest DH topic of the week.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Disrupting Labor in Digital Humanities; or, The Classroom Is Not Your Crowd</TitleText>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Digital  humanists  have  a  labor  problem,  but  it’s  not  what  you  might  think.  It’s  not  about  humanities  faculty  getting  credit  in  tenure and promotion for digital informatics work. It’s not about the adjunctification of teaching labor. It’s not about the devalua-tion of humanities PhDs, the contraction of the faculty job mar-ket,  the  rise  of  #alt-ac,  nor  the  para-professionalization  of  aca-demic libraries. And while I care deeply about these problems, at least three of which affect me personally almost every day, what I  am  concerned  with  here  is  a  type  of  labor  that  the  collective  preoccupation with these issues effaces: the use of student labor on digital humanities projects in and out of the classroom.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Digital  humanists  have  a  labor  problem,  but  it’s  not  what  you  might  think.  It’s  not  about  humanities  faculty  getting  credit  in  tenure and promotion for digital informatics work. It’s not about the adjunctification of teaching labor. It’s not about the devalua-tion of humanities PhDs, the contraction of the faculty job mar-ket,  the  rise  of  #alt-ac,  nor  the  para-professionalization  of  aca-demic libraries. And while I care deeply about these problems, at least three of which affect me personally almost every day, what I  am  concerned  with  here  is  a  type  of  labor  that  the  collective  preoccupation with these issues effaces: the use of student labor on digital humanities projects in and out of the classroom.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">The "Unbearable" Exclusion of the Digital</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Maha Bali</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>American University in Cairo</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Digital tools are largely Western products, dominated by Amer-ican  and  Western  European  interests;  as  such,  they  can  some-what  colonize  the  spaces  and  networks  depending  on  them,  including  by  making  the  “other”  invisible  or  tokenized,  if  not  silenced or oppressed.This  chapter  begins  with  some  critiques  about  the  illusions  of  inclusion  in  digital  spaces,  adapted  from  a  two-part  article  that  I  wrote  with  Shyam  Sharma  for  Hybrid  Pedagogy  using  a  postcolonial perspective, and then moves on to a more focused account  of  possibilities  of  creating  more  open  and  inclusive  spaces  and  networks,  subverting  existing  digital  power  struc-tures based on some open online work one or both of us have been  involved  in.1  Then  I  offer  some  practical  directions  while  remaining critical of the potentials of colonizing treatments of non-Western  participants  in  digital  spaces.  This  work  is  an  at-tempt  to  use  my  grasp  of  Western  digital  discourse,  as  partial  insider, to metaphorically “subvert the master’s house using the master’s  tools,”  something  Audre  Lorde  suggested  was  impossible (and may yet be).2 The intention is to highlight the impor-tance of creating more equitable opportunities for marginalized or excluded voices from the global peripheries and the margins of geopolitical centers themselves in digital spaces. I argue that this  needs  to  be  done  by  outsiders,  insiders,  and  semi-insiders  alike  because  it  is  just  and  beneficial  to  everyone  to  diversify  communities  and  enrich  learning  and  sharing  for  everyone  in  increasingly globalized digital spaces.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Digital tools are largely Western products, dominated by Amer-ican  and  Western  European  interests;  as  such,  they  can  some-what  colonize  the  spaces  and  networks  depending  on  them,  including  by  making  the  “other”  invisible  or  tokenized,  if  not  silenced or oppressed.This  chapter  begins  with  some  critiques  about  the  illusions  of  inclusion  in  digital  spaces,  adapted  from  a  two-part  article  that  I  wrote  with  Shyam  Sharma  for  Hybrid  Pedagogy  using  a  postcolonial perspective, and then moves on to a more focused account  of  possibilities  of  creating  more  open  and  inclusive  spaces  and  networks,  subverting  existing  digital  power  struc-tures based on some open online work one or both of us have been  involved  in.1  Then  I  offer  some  practical  directions  while  remaining critical of the potentials of colonizing treatments of non-Western  participants  in  digital  spaces.  This  work  is  an  at-tempt  to  use  my  grasp  of  Western  digital  discourse,  as  partial  insider, to metaphorically “subvert the master’s house using the master’s  tools,”  something  Audre  Lorde  suggested  was  impossible (and may yet be).2 The intention is to highlight the impor-tance of creating more equitable opportunities for marginalized or excluded voices from the global peripheries and the margins of geopolitical centers themselves in digital spaces. I argue that this  needs  to  be  done  by  outsiders,  insiders,  and  semi-insiders  alike  because  it  is  just  and  beneficial  to  everyone  to  diversify  communities  and  enrich  learning  and  sharing  for  everyone  in  increasingly globalized digital spaces.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">The Politics of Visibility</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Eunsong Kim</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>Arizona State University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Every time CNN points to “Trending” in order to discuss break-ing  news,  we  should  laugh.  That  is,  laugh  at:  CNN,  journalists,  experts,  the  simulacra.  Smirking  at  the  notion  that  privatized,  opaque  institutions  of  selective  coverage  are  working  with  other  privatized,  opaque  institutions  of  selective  timelines  to  define  what’s  public,  what’s  universal,  what’s  important.  Intel-lectual,  digital,  and  digitized  labor  is  important,  and  too  often  dismissed.3  This  interrogation  of  visibility  coverage  and  trend-ing  isn’t  a  critique  of  online  activism  and  discourse.  Rather,  I  want  to  examine  the  political  pontification  around  “trending”  and “tagging” — the politics of Twitter algorithms, the bird’s eye commentary  of  “surprise”  and  “dismay”  at  certain  trends,  and  ultimately, alternative discourses.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Every time CNN points to “Trending” in order to discuss break-ing  news,  we  should  laugh.  That  is,  laugh  at:  CNN,  journalists,  experts,  the  simulacra.  Smirking  at  the  notion  that  privatized,  opaque  institutions  of  selective  coverage  are  working  with  other  privatized,  opaque  institutions  of  selective  timelines  to  define  what’s  public,  what’s  universal,  what’s  important.  Intel-lectual,  digital,  and  digitized  labor  is  important,  and  too  often  dismissed.3  This  interrogation  of  visibility  coverage  and  trend-ing  isn’t  a  critique  of  online  activism  and  discourse.  Rather,  I  want  to  examine  the  political  pontification  around  “trending”  and “tagging” — the politics of Twitter algorithms, the bird’s eye commentary  of  “surprise”  and  “dismay”  at  certain  trends,  and  ultimately, alternative discourses.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Academic Influence</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">The Sea of Change</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Bonnie Steward</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>University of Prince Edward Island</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Sometimes things shift when you’re not looking. One morning, I woke up and discovered I was in style. Or, at least, what I dowas  in  style:  digital  and  networked  scholarship  had  suddenly  been  discovered  by  higher  ed  media.  For  this  fifteen  minutes  of fame, practically every Chronicle of Higher Education link on my Twitter feed was about some aspect of online identity or net-worked scholarship.1 The LSE blog and Inside Higher Ed, too.I peered about, waiting for the punch line. I am accustomed, when I get up in front of fellow educators and academics and say “I study scholarship and... Twitter,” to getting the reception of a failed stand-up comic. “Really? Twitter?” people communicate with  their  eyebrows.  I  am  becoming  a  great  student  of  arched  eyebrows.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Sometimes things shift when you’re not looking. One morning, I woke up and discovered I was in style. Or, at least, what I dowas  in  style:  digital  and  networked  scholarship  had  suddenly  been  discovered  by  higher  ed  media.  For  this  fifteen  minutes  of fame, practically every Chronicle of Higher Education link on my Twitter feed was about some aspect of online identity or net-worked scholarship.1 The LSE blog and Inside Higher Ed, too.I peered about, waiting for the punch line. I am accustomed, when I get up in front of fellow educators and academics and say “I study scholarship and... Twitter,” to getting the reception of a failed stand-up comic. “Really? Twitter?” people communicate with  their  eyebrows.  I  am  becoming  a  great  student  of  arched  eyebrows.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Playing as Making</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Edmond Y. Chang</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>Ohio University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Johanna  Drucker  in  “Humanistic  Theory  and  Digital  Scholar-ship”  articulates  as  a  key  transformation  (and  bone  of  conten-tion) in the variegated and interdisciplinary terrains of the digi-tal humanities, saying, I  am  trying  to  call  for  a  next  phase  of  digital  humanities  [that]  synthesize  method  and  theory  into  ways  of  doing  as  thinking. [...] The challenge is to shift humanistic study from attention to the effects of technology [...] to a humanistically informed theory of the making of technology.1But  what  does  it  mean  to  do,  to  make?  And  what  sorts  of  do-ing and making are privileged over others? In other words, what counts in this shift?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Johanna  Drucker  in  “Humanistic  Theory  and  Digital  Scholar-ship”  articulates  as  a  key  transformation  (and  bone  of  conten-tion) in the variegated and interdisciplinary terrains of the digi-tal humanities, saying, I  am  trying  to  call  for  a  next  phase  of  digital  humanities  [that]  synthesize  method  and  theory  into  ways  of  doing  as  thinking. [...] The challenge is to shift humanistic study from attention to the effects of technology [...] to a humanistically informed theory of the making of technology.1But  what  does  it  mean  to  do,  to  make?  And  what  sorts  of  do-ing and making are privileged over others? In other words, what counts in this shift?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Humanizing the Interface</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Kat Lecky</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Oppression  is  inherently  spatial.  Governments  use  biopolitical  mechanisms such as urban zoning and prisons to keep undesir-able populations fixed in place; institutions use office location to distinguish permanent from contingent faculty; houses of wor-ship physically separate believers from infidels. These structures all classify exclusion as a topography dividing “us” from “them.” Resistance  is  also  spatial:  Rooms  of  one’s  own  and  brave  new  worlds  constitute  alternate  landscapes  that  restage  the  relation  of  the  person  to  society.  These  oppositional  spaces  protect  us  from  the  onslaught  of  the  myriad  forms  of  social  coding  that  define us as objects rather than selves.The  Graphical  User  Interface  (or  GUI  for  short)  is  a  high-stakes battlefield in this struggle between the oppressed and the powers-that-be. The general term for the proliferating technolo-gies that communicate with their human users through images rather than text, the GUI expands the concept of digital literacy to  include  those  excluded  from  traditional  forms  of  techno-logical aptitude. Smartphones and tablets depend upon rebuses (image-words)  rather  than  lexicons  to  generate  meaning.  He-gemony  and  alterity  converge  on  their  topography,  which  of-fers people the same playing field regardless of literacy level. The GUI opens a space within which dwell ever-increasing numbers of  individuals  from  diverse  classes,  educational  backgrounds,  races,  nationalities,  genders,  and  political,  sexual,  or  religious  orientations. It forges a common identity grounded in nothing other than its shared love of this user-friendly technology. This hybrid technology opens the same world up to the excluded and powerful  alike.  And  this  world  is  pocket-sized:  virtually  any-one can own it, carry it, use it. As a pedagogical device, the GUI erodes  distinctions  between  those  privy  to  elite  education  and  those without access to basic learning.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Oppression  is  inherently  spatial.  Governments  use  biopolitical  mechanisms such as urban zoning and prisons to keep undesir-able populations fixed in place; institutions use office location to distinguish permanent from contingent faculty; houses of wor-ship physically separate believers from infidels. These structures all classify exclusion as a topography dividing “us” from “them.” Resistance  is  also  spatial:  Rooms  of  one’s  own  and  brave  new  worlds  constitute  alternate  landscapes  that  restage  the  relation  of  the  person  to  society.  These  oppositional  spaces  protect  us  from  the  onslaught  of  the  myriad  forms  of  social  coding  that  define us as objects rather than selves.The  Graphical  User  Interface  (or  GUI  for  short)  is  a  high-stakes battlefield in this struggle between the oppressed and the powers-that-be. The general term for the proliferating technolo-gies that communicate with their human users through images rather than text, the GUI expands the concept of digital literacy to  include  those  excluded  from  traditional  forms  of  techno-logical aptitude. Smartphones and tablets depend upon rebuses (image-words)  rather  than  lexicons  to  generate  meaning.  He-gemony  and  alterity  converge  on  their  topography,  which  of-fers people the same playing field regardless of literacy level. The GUI opens a space within which dwell ever-increasing numbers of  individuals  from  diverse  classes,  educational  backgrounds,  races,  nationalities,  genders,  and  political,  sexual,  or  religious  orientations. It forges a common identity grounded in nothing other than its shared love of this user-friendly technology. This hybrid technology opens the same world up to the excluded and powerful  alike.  And  this  world  is  pocket-sized:  virtually  any-one can own it, carry it, use it. As a pedagogical device, the GUI erodes  distinctions  between  those  privy  to  elite  education  and  those without access to basic learning.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Bend Until It Breaks</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Digital Humanities and Resistance</Subtitle>
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            <Affiliation>Georgia State University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The capability inherent in digital humanities for resistance is part of  what  makes  digital  humanities  “humanistic”—rather  than,  say, techno-utopian or neoliberal—it’s what connects the digi-tal humanities to the humanities. Alan Liu and Stephen Ramsay have both argued for the necessity of theorizing “resistance” and its  place  in  the  work  of  digital  humanists.  Ramsay  gets  to  the  heart of what “resistance” might look like in this context when, in an eloquent defense of the humanities in general, he describes the  humanities  as  a  discursive  space  in  which  we  answer  the  pressing  question,  “How  do  we  become  individuals  who  move  through  the  world  with  awareness,  empathy,  and  thoughtfulness, and who know how to act upon those dispositions?”3 What if, “we can resist” were at least a partial answer to Ramsay’s ques-tion?  If  this  is  what  resistance  can  do  for  us,  for  the  project  of  being or becoming human, then I think we can see pretty clearly why it matters, why digital humanists should be investing time and  resources  in  activities  of  resistance.  As  Liu  observes,  how-ever, “[h]ow the digital humanities advances, channels, or resists today’s  great  postindustrial,  neoliberal,  corporate,  and  global  flows of information-cum-capital is [...] a question rarely heard in the digital humanities associations, conferences, journals, and projects with which I am familiar.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The capability inherent in digital humanities for resistance is part of  what  makes  digital  humanities  “humanistic”—rather  than,  say, techno-utopian or neoliberal—it’s what connects the digi-tal humanities to the humanities. Alan Liu and Stephen Ramsay have both argued for the necessity of theorizing “resistance” and its  place  in  the  work  of  digital  humanists.  Ramsay  gets  to  the  heart of what “resistance” might look like in this context when, in an eloquent defense of the humanities in general, he describes the  humanities  as  a  discursive  space  in  which  we  answer  the  pressing  question,  “How  do  we  become  individuals  who  move  through  the  world  with  awareness,  empathy,  and  thoughtfulness, and who know how to act upon those dispositions?”3 What if, “we can resist” were at least a partial answer to Ramsay’s ques-tion?  If  this  is  what  resistance  can  do  for  us,  for  the  project  of  being or becoming human, then I think we can see pretty clearly why it matters, why digital humanists should be investing time and  resources  in  activities  of  resistance.  As  Liu  observes,  how-ever, “[h]ow the digital humanities advances, channels, or resists today’s  great  postindustrial,  neoliberal,  corporate,  and  global  flows of information-cum-capital is [...] a question rarely heard in the digital humanities associations, conferences, journals, and projects with which I am familiar.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Outsiders, All</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Connecting the Pasts and Futures of Digital Humanities and Composition</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Chris Friend</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>University of Central Florida</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This sentence you are now reading was, of course, written on a computer. Myriad technologies influenced the process of writ-ing that sentence, and still more worked to let you read it. Con-sidering how much writing today is done on/with/by/for com-puters,  studying  how  technology  and  writing  interact  should  warrant  significant  academic  attention.  Such  attention  would  allow us to better understand how modern composition works and help our students better understand how to put it to good use. Writing on/with/by/for computers does indeed garner aca-demic attention, but which discipline rightly claims that kind of writing as its central concern? The answer here is not the Digital Humanities, despite the nominal fidelity. Even though the bel-letristic  arts  are  under  the  purview  of  the  humanist  tradition,  the  Digital  Humanities  are,  in  practice,  far  removed  from  the  concerns of composition.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This sentence you are now reading was, of course, written on a computer. Myriad technologies influenced the process of writ-ing that sentence, and still more worked to let you read it. Con-sidering how much writing today is done on/with/by/for com-puters,  studying  how  technology  and  writing  interact  should  warrant  significant  academic  attention.  Such  attention  would  allow us to better understand how modern composition works and help our students better understand how to put it to good use. Writing on/with/by/for computers does indeed garner aca-demic attention, but which discipline rightly claims that kind of writing as its central concern? The answer here is not the Digital Humanities, despite the nominal fidelity. Even though the bel-letristic  arts  are  under  the  purview  of  the  humanist  tradition,  the  Digital  Humanities  are,  in  practice,  far  removed  from  the  concerns of composition.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">W(h)ither DH? New Tensions, Directions, and Evolutions in the Digital Humanities</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Lee Skallerup Bessette</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Lee Skallerup</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Bessette</KeyNames>
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            <Affiliation>Georgetown University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;I  will  readily  admit  to  feeling  imposter  syndrome  while  trying  to write this. Who am I to stand here and tell you about Digital Humanities? I am, to a certain extent, an outsider looking into DH;  I  stand  at  a  periphery;  I  hover  around  the  margins.  I  was  not trained in DH at any of the well known Centers (which in-clude but are not limited to University of Virginia, MITH at the University of Maryland, MATRIX at Michigan State, the Univer-sity of Nebraska (Lincoln), or The Center for History and New Media at George Mason University, or UCLA), nor am I a part of a growing group of new DH centers, projects, or initiatives pop-ping up all over the country.1 I’ve never “built” anything (which is a tension within digital humanities I will come back to): there are  no  databases  or  digital  archives  or  tools  or  maps  or  digital  editions or other pieces of born-digital scholarship that bear my name anywhere, in collaboration or otherwise.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;I  will  readily  admit  to  feeling  imposter  syndrome  while  trying  to write this. Who am I to stand here and tell you about Digital Humanities? I am, to a certain extent, an outsider looking into DH;  I  stand  at  a  periphery;  I  hover  around  the  margins.  I  was  not trained in DH at any of the well known Centers (which in-clude but are not limited to University of Virginia, MITH at the University of Maryland, MATRIX at Michigan State, the Univer-sity of Nebraska (Lincoln), or The Center for History and New Media at George Mason University, or UCLA), nor am I a part of a growing group of new DH centers, projects, or initiatives pop-ping up all over the country.1 I’ve never “built” anything (which is a tension within digital humanities I will come back to): there are  no  databases  or  digital  archives  or  tools  or  maps  or  digital  editions or other pieces of born-digital scholarship that bear my name anywhere, in collaboration or otherwise.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">The Library is Never Neutral</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Chris Bourg</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>Massachusetts Institute of Technology</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;I want to acknowledge from the outset that this article has been heavily influenced by a number of people who have shared their work and their thoughts with me over the years. I’ve been privi-leged to learn from them, in some cases formally through their publications and in some cases through conversations on twit-ter  or  even  in  person.  These  aren’t  the  only  folks  whose  work  and  thinking  have  influenced  me,  but  they  are  the  key  people  I  think  of  when  I  think  of  critical  work  on  the  intersections  of  libraries,  technology,  higher  education,  and  social  justice.  These are their names—a mix of students, librarians, scholars, and technologists. Again, this is not a comprehensive list of the people whose work inspires me, but they are my top 7 right now on these topics.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;I want to acknowledge from the outset that this article has been heavily influenced by a number of people who have shared their work and their thoughts with me over the years. I’ve been privi-leged to learn from them, in some cases formally through their publications and in some cases through conversations on twit-ter  or  even  in  person.  These  aren’t  the  only  folks  whose  work  and  thinking  have  influenced  me,  but  they  are  the  key  people  I  think  of  when  I  think  of  critical  work  on  the  intersections  of  libraries,  technology,  higher  education,  and  social  justice.  These are their names—a mix of students, librarians, scholars, and technologists. Again, this is not a comprehensive list of the people whose work inspires me, but they are my top 7 right now on these topics.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">After the Digital Humanities, or, a Postscript</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Fiona Barnett</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;At an MLA 2015 panel, #QueerOS: Queerness as Operating Sys-tem, my fellow panelist Jacob Gaboury gave an amazing paper on  “Compiling  a  Queer  Computation.”1  He  examined  the  pos-sibility and purpose of a queer computation, and how it might be compiled—or how it might be uncomputable in some fun-damental sense. As some of the examples, he offered a number of esolangs, or esoteric programming languages, including one of the most infamous, Brainfuck. Esolangs vary in purpose, but they all tend to work in that they can be used to write a program that  actually  compiles  and  runs,  though  usually  for  non-pro-ductive or humorous reasons.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;At an MLA 2015 panel, #QueerOS: Queerness as Operating Sys-tem, my fellow panelist Jacob Gaboury gave an amazing paper on  “Compiling  a  Queer  Computation.”1  He  examined  the  pos-sibility and purpose of a queer computation, and how it might be compiled—or how it might be uncomputable in some fun-damental sense. As some of the examples, he offered a number of esolangs, or esoteric programming languages, including one of the most infamous, Brainfuck. Esolangs vary in purpose, but they all tend to work in that they can be used to write a program that  actually  compiles  and  runs,  though  usually  for  non-pro-ductive or humorous reasons.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;A number of groups have written manifestos to the digital hu-manities especially in relation to DH’s issues with openness, race, disability, LGBTQ,  feminist,  and  other  kinds  of  non-normative  bodies  in  the  field.1  There  have  been  critical  discussions  in  #transformdh, HASTAC, femtechnet and groups have been writ-ing such manifestos and working to change DH. What I want to do here, then, is outline a set of practical steps to #decolonizedh, to make it less white, to begin working on an antifascist DH. #DisruptDH&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;A number of groups have written manifestos to the digital hu-manities especially in relation to DH’s issues with openness, race, disability, LGBTQ,  feminist,  and  other  kinds  of  non-normative  bodies  in  the  field.1  There  have  been  critical  discussions  in  #transformdh, HASTAC, femtechnet and groups have been writ-ing such manifestos and working to change DH. What I want to do here, then, is outline a set of practical steps to #decolonizedh, to make it less white, to begin working on an antifascist DH. #DisruptDH&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;All too often, defining a discipline becomes more an exercise of exclusion than inclusion. Disrupting the Digital Humanities seeks to rethink how we map disciplinary terrain by directly confronting the gatekeeping impulse of many other so-called field-defining collections. What is most beautiful about the work of the Digital Humanities is exactly the fact that it can’t be tidily anthologized. In fact, the desire to neatly define the Digital Humanities (to filter the DH-y from the DH) is a way of excluding the radically diverse work that actually constitutes the field. This collection, then, works to push and prod at the edges of the Digital Humanities — to open the Digital Humanities rather than close it down. Ultimately, it’s exactly the fringes, the outliers, that make the Digital Humanities both heterogeneous and rigorous.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This collection does not constitute yet another reservoir for the new Digital Humanities canon. Rather, its aim is less about assembling content as it is about creating new conversations. Building a truly communal space for the digital humanities requires that we all approach that space with a commitment to: 1) creating open and non-hierarchical dialogues; 2) championing non-traditional work that might not otherwise be recognized through conventional scholarly channels; 3) amplifying marginalized voices; 4) advocating for students and learners; and 5) sharing generously and openly to support the work of our peers.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;All too often, defining a discipline becomes more an exercise of exclusion than inclusion. Disrupting the Digital Humanities seeks to rethink how we map disciplinary terrain by directly confronting the gatekeeping impulse of many other so-called field-defining collections. What is most beautiful about the work of the Digital Humanities is exactly the fact that it can’t be tidily anthologized. In fact, the desire to neatly define the Digital Humanities (to filter the DH-y from the DH) is a way of excluding the radically diverse work that actually constitutes the field. This collection, then, works to push and prod at the edges of the Digital Humanities — to open the Digital Humanities rather than close it down. Ultimately, it’s exactly the fringes, the outliers, that make the Digital Humanities both heterogeneous and rigorous.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This collection does not constitute yet another reservoir for the new Digital Humanities canon. Rather, its aim is less about assembling content as it is about creating new conversations. Building a truly communal space for the digital humanities requires that we all approach that space with a commitment to: 1) creating open and non-hierarchical dialogues; 2) championing non-traditional work that might not otherwise be recognized through conventional scholarly channels; 3) amplifying marginalized voices; 4) advocating for students and learners; and 5) sharing generously and openly to support the work of our peers.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Much of this introduction was written before the world went to shit. The chapters here, no matter how recently written, can’t keep at bay a world being actively undone. We find ourselves wonder-ing  why  and  how  this  work  even  matters.  What  has  the  digital  humanities community done collectively for #BlackLivesMatter? What  place  is  there  for  pedagogy  in  a  world  where  education  has been so systematically devalued, where students worry that even their classroom isn’t safe from an ICE raid? How do we rally when so many are complicit? Scholarship can only vaguely hope to keep up. And so these are not really the questions of this vol-ume. But they should be. As a field like digital humanities squab-bles,  the  world  around  it  is  laid  to  waste.  Academic  turf  wars  have  no  place  in  a  world  of  mass-shootings,  fear-mongering,  xenophobia,  and  white  supremacy.  Demanding  fellow  scholars  do a literature review before speaking their mind has no place in a world of AR-15 assault rifles and weaponized algorithms. When something as basic as going to the bathroom lacks dignity for so many, we have no use for double-blind peer review.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Much of this introduction was written before the world went to shit. The chapters here, no matter how recently written, can’t keep at bay a world being actively undone. We find ourselves wonder-ing  why  and  how  this  work  even  matters.  What  has  the  digital  humanities community done collectively for #BlackLivesMatter? What  place  is  there  for  pedagogy  in  a  world  where  education  has been so systematically devalued, where students worry that even their classroom isn’t safe from an ICE raid? How do we rally when so many are complicit? Scholarship can only vaguely hope to keep up. And so these are not really the questions of this vol-ume. But they should be. As a field like digital humanities squab-bles,  the  world  around  it  is  laid  to  waste.  Academic  turf  wars  have  no  place  in  a  world  of  mass-shootings,  fear-mongering,  xenophobia,  and  white  supremacy.  Demanding  fellow  scholars  do a literature review before speaking their mind has no place in a world of AR-15 assault rifles and weaponized algorithms. When something as basic as going to the bathroom lacks dignity for so many, we have no use for double-blind peer review.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;I am often asked about the digital humanities and how it can up-date, make relevant, and provide funding for many a beleaguered humanities  department.  Some  faculty  at  underfunded  institu-tions imagine DH is going to revitalize their discipline—it’s go-ing  to  magically  interest  undergraduates,  give  faculty  research  funding, and exponentially increase enrollment.Well,  the  reality  is  this:  what  has  until  recently  been  com-monly  understood  as  real  “Digital  Humanities”  is  already  be-lated and is not going to save humanities departments from ever bigger budget cuts and potential dissolution.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;I am often asked about the digital humanities and how it can up-date, make relevant, and provide funding for many a beleaguered humanities  department.  Some  faculty  at  underfunded  institu-tions imagine DH is going to revitalize their discipline—it’s go-ing  to  magically  interest  undergraduates,  give  faculty  research  funding, and exponentially increase enrollment.Well,  the  reality  is  this:  what  has  until  recently  been  com-monly  understood  as  real  “Digital  Humanities”  is  already  be-lated and is not going to save humanities departments from ever bigger budget cuts and potential dissolution.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Folklorists often balk at the common usage of the word “myth” to  mean  “lie.”  A  myth,  by  their  disciplinary  definition,  is  quite  the  opposite.  A  myth  is  a  culture’s  sacred  story.  It  involves  su-pernatural  or  supreme  beings  —  gods.  It  explains  origins  and  destinies. A myth is the Truth. So when I say that “disruptive innovation” is one of the great myths  of  the  contemporary  business  world,  particularly  of  the  tech industry, I don’t mean by “myth” that Clayton Christensen’s explanation  of  changes  to  markets  and  business  models  and  technologies  is  a  falsehood.  (I  have  an  MA  in  Folklore,  not  an  MBA — so that’s part of it, for sure.) Rather, my assigning “myth” to  “disruptive  innovation”  is  meant  to  highlight  the  ways  in  which  this  narrative  has  been  widely  accepted  as  unassailably  true. No doubt (as a Harvard professor) Christensen has faced very  little  skepticism  or  criticism  about  his  theory  concerning  the transformation of industries — why, it’s as if The Innovator’s Dilemma were some sort of sacred text.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Folklorists often balk at the common usage of the word “myth” to  mean  “lie.”  A  myth,  by  their  disciplinary  definition,  is  quite  the  opposite.  A  myth  is  a  culture’s  sacred  story.  It  involves  su-pernatural  or  supreme  beings  —  gods.  It  explains  origins  and  destinies. A myth is the Truth. So when I say that “disruptive innovation” is one of the great myths  of  the  contemporary  business  world,  particularly  of  the  tech industry, I don’t mean by “myth” that Clayton Christensen’s explanation  of  changes  to  markets  and  business  models  and  technologies  is  a  falsehood.  (I  have  an  MA  in  Folklore,  not  an  MBA — so that’s part of it, for sure.) Rather, my assigning “myth” to  “disruptive  innovation”  is  meant  to  highlight  the  ways  in  which  this  narrative  has  been  widely  accepted  as  unassailably  true. No doubt (as a Harvard professor) Christensen has faced very  little  skepticism  or  criticism  about  his  theory  concerning  the transformation of industries — why, it’s as if The Innovator’s Dilemma were some sort of sacred text.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;I started out hating the title of this volume. Disruption has a spe-cial place in the mythology of my native land of Silicon Valley: Every startup promises disruptive technologies that will change the  industry  forever,  and  “Don’t  think  outside  the  box—blow  up all the boxes!” is written in invisible ink on the business card of every VC on Sand Hill Road. “Why do we want to disrupt the digital humanities?” I muttered to myself. Why would we want to  borrow  the  rhetoric  and  methodology  of  Kleiner  Perkins  (which was known as a hegemonic boys club long before Ellen Pao sued them)? Is the Harvard MBA Program really the place to turn for new models of innovation in humanistic inquiry? Can’t we  effect  change—deep,  meaningful  change—without  adopt-ing the language of one of the most inequitable neighborhoods of  late-stage  capitalism?  But  in  the  course  of  trying  to  find  a  place for my thoughts about community, conversation, and the digital  humanities  under  an  umbrella  that  is  labeled  disrupt, I  have  found  my  way  to  a  new  understanding  of  what  we  are  doing here. What follows is an anatomy, a taxonomy, even a ge-nealogy of the term “disrupt” and a discussion of the questions that precipitate out of each usage of the word. The emphasis on questions rather than answers is intentional and, I think, important, for if we are to diversify the digital humanities, there must be room for multiple solutions to every problem.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;I started out hating the title of this volume. Disruption has a spe-cial place in the mythology of my native land of Silicon Valley: Every startup promises disruptive technologies that will change the  industry  forever,  and  “Don’t  think  outside  the  box—blow  up all the boxes!” is written in invisible ink on the business card of every VC on Sand Hill Road. “Why do we want to disrupt the digital humanities?” I muttered to myself. Why would we want to  borrow  the  rhetoric  and  methodology  of  Kleiner  Perkins  (which was known as a hegemonic boys club long before Ellen Pao sued them)? Is the Harvard MBA Program really the place to turn for new models of innovation in humanistic inquiry? Can’t we  effect  change—deep,  meaningful  change—without  adopt-ing the language of one of the most inequitable neighborhoods of  late-stage  capitalism?  But  in  the  course  of  trying  to  find  a  place for my thoughts about community, conversation, and the digital  humanities  under  an  umbrella  that  is  labeled  disrupt, I  have  found  my  way  to  a  new  understanding  of  what  we  are  doing here. What follows is an anatomy, a taxonomy, even a ge-nealogy of the term “disrupt” and a discussion of the questions that precipitate out of each usage of the word. The emphasis on questions rather than answers is intentional and, I think, important, for if we are to diversify the digital humanities, there must be room for multiple solutions to every problem.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;I  am  going  back  and  re-reading  a  handful  of  articles  from  the  1970s published in the journal “Computers and the Humanities.”1I am struck by how innovative and imaginative so many of these articles are. I am also struck and saddened by how little the field has  progressed.  R.L.  Widmann,  one  of  my  dearest  mentors,  wrote (five years before I was born), “the increasing numbers of works which do use computers with intelligence and perceptive-ness demonstrate the versatility to which the scholar’s imagina-tion  can  be  put.  It  was  a  very  good  year.”2  The  year  was  1971.  The pieces I’m reading outline the 6 or 7 or 8 new (and revolu-tionary) approaches being used for thinking about the intersec-tions between computers and the humanities. These pieces also map  something  very  close  to  the  current  philosophical  terrain  of digital humanities pedagogy. They do so with an intense cu-riosity about what else might be possible. In R.L.’s work, there is no entrenchment. There is no unwillingness to account for edge cases. The limits of what counts and doesn’t count are described repeatedly as “arbitrary.” I’m certain the field wasn’t entirely rosy in 1971, but I have an incredible amount of hope reading these now  and  thinking  about  what  we  might  be  able  to  discover  in  the next 45 years.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;I  am  going  back  and  re-reading  a  handful  of  articles  from  the  1970s published in the journal “Computers and the Humanities.”1I am struck by how innovative and imaginative so many of these articles are. I am also struck and saddened by how little the field has  progressed.  R.L.  Widmann,  one  of  my  dearest  mentors,  wrote (five years before I was born), “the increasing numbers of works which do use computers with intelligence and perceptive-ness demonstrate the versatility to which the scholar’s imagina-tion  can  be  put.  It  was  a  very  good  year.”2  The  year  was  1971.  The pieces I’m reading outline the 6 or 7 or 8 new (and revolu-tionary) approaches being used for thinking about the intersec-tions between computers and the humanities. These pieces also map  something  very  close  to  the  current  philosophical  terrain  of digital humanities pedagogy. They do so with an intense cu-riosity about what else might be possible. In R.L.’s work, there is no entrenchment. There is no unwillingness to account for edge cases. The limits of what counts and doesn’t count are described repeatedly as “arbitrary.” I’m certain the field wasn’t entirely rosy in 1971, but I have an incredible amount of hope reading these now  and  thinking  about  what  we  might  be  able  to  discover  in  the next 45 years.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Universal Design and Its Discontents</TitleText>
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            <Affiliation>Louisiana State University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This  collaborative  essay  offers  two  perspectives  on  disability  and  universalism  in  the  fields  of  Digital  Humanities  (DH)  and  Universal Design (UD). One of the authors, Richard H. Godden, considers  how  a  particular  experience  of  disability  shapes  his  use of media and also informs his reactions to proscriptive state-ments about the use of technology; the other author, Jonathan Hsy, writes as a nondisabled ally who considers some of the dis-cursive and practical complications that arise in efforts to make the  web  more  accessible  to  people  with  disabilities.  While  we  each come from different perspectives, both of us seek to inter-rogate what it exactly means for a community to establish a set of “best practices” for the use of technology, and we both reveal how even the most well-intentioned universalist discourses can risk effacing crucial particularities of embodied experience.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This  collaborative  essay  offers  two  perspectives  on  disability  and  universalism  in  the  fields  of  Digital  Humanities  (DH)  and  Universal Design (UD). One of the authors, Richard H. Godden, considers  how  a  particular  experience  of  disability  shapes  his  use of media and also informs his reactions to proscriptive state-ments about the use of technology; the other author, Jonathan Hsy, writes as a nondisabled ally who considers some of the dis-cursive and practical complications that arise in efforts to make the  web  more  accessible  to  people  with  disabilities.  While  we  each come from different perspectives, both of us seek to inter-rogate what it exactly means for a community to establish a set of “best practices” for the use of technology, and we both reveal how even the most well-intentioned universalist discourses can risk effacing crucial particularities of embodied experience.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">DH as "Disruptive Innovation" for Restorative Social Justice</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Virtual Heritage and 3D Reconstructions of South Africa's Township Histories</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Angel Nieves</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>Hamilton College</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Much of this essay constitutes an initial effort to frame an open access  digital-first  publication  tentatively  entitled,  Apartheid Heritage(s): A Spatial History of South Africa’s Black Townships with  Stanford  University  Press  as  its  designated  publisher.  The  project involves the development of a multi-modal 3D  qualita-tive geospatial archive and platform for research into the apart-heid-era  “South  Western  Townships,”  better  known  as  Soweto,  outside Johannesburg, South Africa.Some  background  is  needed  to  better  situate  this  research.  In 2011, the United Nations issued a report that declared inter-net access a human right.1 (Interestingly, on that same day two-thirds of Syria’s internet access had gone dark — something that was  likely  the  work  of  the  Assad  regime  in  response  to  unrest  in  that  country.)  In  2013,  a  group  of  scholars  from  across  the  United  States  approached  the  Alliance  of  Digital  Humanities  Organizations (ADHO) with a proposal for a new special interest group (or SIG) with a focus on social justice and human rights. As  one  step  forward,  the  group  developed  an  “advisory  docu-ment for  building  collaborative  projects,  conducting  events,  gathering sensitive data, and composing scholarly communica-tions with social justice issues and human rights in mind.”2  As  part of the initial group of scholars who worked to develop this special interest group, I was much more invested in the poten-tial praxis-based strategies we might develop — perhaps a list of ethical  guidelines  or  even  a  kind  of  social  justice  toolkit — for engaging  in  community-centered  digital  humanities  projects.  Some of what I will be discussing in this essay is in itself filled with  some  controversy  and  is  worthy  of  further  debate  with  regard  to  issues  of  ethics,  “reality,”  and  truth  as  applied  to  his-torical reconstructions — specifically computer-generated visu-alizations of historic landscapes and buildings within contested areas  in  certain  fields — as  issues  of  power  and  representation  cannot be overlooked.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Much of this essay constitutes an initial effort to frame an open access  digital-first  publication  tentatively  entitled,  Apartheid Heritage(s): A Spatial History of South Africa’s Black Townships with  Stanford  University  Press  as  its  designated  publisher.  The  project involves the development of a multi-modal 3D  qualita-tive geospatial archive and platform for research into the apart-heid-era  “South  Western  Townships,”  better  known  as  Soweto,  outside Johannesburg, South Africa.Some  background  is  needed  to  better  situate  this  research.  In 2011, the United Nations issued a report that declared inter-net access a human right.1 (Interestingly, on that same day two-thirds of Syria’s internet access had gone dark — something that was  likely  the  work  of  the  Assad  regime  in  response  to  unrest  in  that  country.)  In  2013,  a  group  of  scholars  from  across  the  United  States  approached  the  Alliance  of  Digital  Humanities  Organizations (ADHO) with a proposal for a new special interest group (or SIG) with a focus on social justice and human rights. As  one  step  forward,  the  group  developed  an  “advisory  docu-ment for  building  collaborative  projects,  conducting  events,  gathering sensitive data, and composing scholarly communica-tions with social justice issues and human rights in mind.”2  As  part of the initial group of scholars who worked to develop this special interest group, I was much more invested in the poten-tial praxis-based strategies we might develop — perhaps a list of ethical  guidelines  or  even  a  kind  of  social  justice  toolkit — for engaging  in  community-centered  digital  humanities  projects.  Some of what I will be discussing in this essay is in itself filled with  some  controversy  and  is  worthy  of  further  debate  with  regard  to  issues  of  ethics,  “reality,”  and  truth  as  applied  to  his-torical reconstructions — specifically computer-generated visu-alizations of historic landscapes and buildings within contested areas  in  certain  fields — as  issues  of  power  and  representation  cannot be overlooked.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Lowriding through the Digital Humanities</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Annemarie Perez</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Lowriders are customized automobiles with a specific aesthetic that first appeared in the United States southwest in the mid-to-late 1940s, a product of a southwestern Mexican American culture.2 Lowriders are also the individuals who make these modi-fications. In contrast to the jacked up “hot rods” raced by Anglos of the period, lowriders are cars modified to be low to the road. The point isn’t to speed, but to cruise as low and slow as possible, disrupting traffic. In this way, the lowriders resisted the period’s white youth culture and made their creators visible to each oth-er’s  gaze.  Lowriding  also  functions  as  social  practice,  claiming  and constructing specific spaces in streets and parks where low-riders  can,  as  Ben  Chappell  writes,  “cruise,  display  their  rides,  and socialize.”3 In digital humanities, a discipline that publishes quickly, this essay has been written slowly and with much modi-fication since its frame began in 2011 in the comments of a series of #TransformDH blog posts.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Lowriders are customized automobiles with a specific aesthetic that first appeared in the United States southwest in the mid-to-late 1940s, a product of a southwestern Mexican American culture.2 Lowriders are also the individuals who make these modi-fications. In contrast to the jacked up “hot rods” raced by Anglos of the period, lowriders are cars modified to be low to the road. The point isn’t to speed, but to cruise as low and slow as possible, disrupting traffic. In this way, the lowriders resisted the period’s white youth culture and made their creators visible to each oth-er’s  gaze.  Lowriding  also  functions  as  social  practice,  claiming  and constructing specific spaces in streets and parks where low-riders  can,  as  Ben  Chappell  writes,  “cruise,  display  their  rides,  and socialize.”3 In digital humanities, a discipline that publishes quickly, this essay has been written slowly and with much modi-fication since its frame began in 2011 in the comments of a series of #TransformDH blog posts.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Gold Star for You</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Mongrel Coalition Against Gringpo</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;GOLD  STAR  FOR  NOTICING  GENTRIFICATION—YA  KNOW  THIS  VIOLENT RACIST TRADITION OF SEGREGATION THAT’S BEEN THE BUILDING  BLOCK  OF  AMERICA—GOLD  STAR  FOR  FINALLY  NO-TICING THIS AS A POTENTIAL REALITY GOLD STAR FOR THE MOST PUBLIC WHITE TEARS AND GOLD STAR FOR DEFENDING KG AND VP DUE TO INDIFFERENCE TO POC BODIES AND SELFISH CAREERIST CONCERNS GOLD STAR FOR BEING WHITE AND REMEMBERING YOUR MIGRA-TION NARRATIVE. MINUS GOLD STAR FOR EQUATING THIS MEM-ORY AS EXCLUDING THE PRIVILEGES OF POSSESSIVE WHITENESSGOLD  STAR  FOR  READING  ONE  BOOK  BY  A  BLACK  POET  AND  POSTING ABOUT IT ONE TIME ON FACEBOOK GOLD STAR&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;GOLD  STAR  FOR  NOTICING  GENTRIFICATION—YA  KNOW  THIS  VIOLENT RACIST TRADITION OF SEGREGATION THAT’S BEEN THE BUILDING  BLOCK  OF  AMERICA—GOLD  STAR  FOR  FINALLY  NO-TICING THIS AS A POTENTIAL REALITY GOLD STAR FOR THE MOST PUBLIC WHITE TEARS AND GOLD STAR FOR DEFENDING KG AND VP DUE TO INDIFFERENCE TO POC BODIES AND SELFISH CAREERIST CONCERNS GOLD STAR FOR BEING WHITE AND REMEMBERING YOUR MIGRA-TION NARRATIVE. MINUS GOLD STAR FOR EQUATING THIS MEM-ORY AS EXCLUDING THE PRIVILEGES OF POSSESSIVE WHITENESSGOLD  STAR  FOR  READING  ONE  BOOK  BY  A  BLACK  POET  AND  POSTING ABOUT IT ONE TIME ON FACEBOOK GOLD STAR&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Mongrel Dream Library</TitleText>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;mongrel cliff notes: literally shoving you off a cliff: the notes MONGREL  CLIFF  NOTES  LITERALLY  SHOVING  YOU  OFF  A  CLIFF:  THE NOTES:Some of these books have been published under different titles, but  we  understand  it’s  hard  to  read  anything  conjured  by  the  misshapen brains of POC. This is why we’ve decided to celebrate a  longstanding  Western  literary  tradition  by  starting  a  series  of  books  with  accessible  titles  that  are  reformulations  of  great  “unknown” critical works, thereby making them more digestible and white-friendly.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;mongrel cliff notes: literally shoving you off a cliff: the notes MONGREL  CLIFF  NOTES  LITERALLY  SHOVING  YOU  OFF  A  CLIFF:  THE NOTES:Some of these books have been published under different titles, but  we  understand  it’s  hard  to  read  anything  conjured  by  the  misshapen brains of POC. This is why we’ve decided to celebrate a  longstanding  Western  literary  tradition  by  starting  a  series  of  books  with  accessible  titles  that  are  reformulations  of  great  “unknown” critical works, thereby making them more digestible and white-friendly.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Exceptionalism in Digital Humanities</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Community, Collaboration, and Consensus</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Michelle Moravec</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>Rosemont College</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In 2013 Diane Jakacki wondered “Is There Such a Thing as Digi-tal Exceptionalism” and concluded that digital humanists have “spent so long being on the outside, marginalized, trying to con-vince anyone who would listen that what we do matter and that it  is  meaningful  scholarship;  now  people  are  paying  attention.  [...] We can’t quite shake that need to justify, to foreground, to compare,  to  privilege.”1  Digital  exceptionalism  is  suffused  with  techno-optimism around what the digital can do and with the belief that the digital represents a marked, and presumably bet-ter, break with all that came before. Paul Fyfe has described the “hack versus yack” debate as digital humanities’ particular vari-ant on this theme.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In 2013 Diane Jakacki wondered “Is There Such a Thing as Digi-tal Exceptionalism” and concluded that digital humanists have “spent so long being on the outside, marginalized, trying to con-vince anyone who would listen that what we do matter and that it  is  meaningful  scholarship;  now  people  are  paying  attention.  [...] We can’t quite shake that need to justify, to foreground, to compare,  to  privilege.”1  Digital  exceptionalism  is  suffused  with  techno-optimism around what the digital can do and with the belief that the digital represents a marked, and presumably bet-ter, break with all that came before. Paul Fyfe has described the “hack versus yack” debate as digital humanities’ particular vari-ant on this theme.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">The Problem with ProfHacker</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Matt Thomas</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>University of Iowa</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;To the extent that they think about it at all, when most people hear the word “hacker,” they still probably picture someone who uses  a  computer  to  gain  unauthorized  access  to  information.  In  most  people’s  minds,  hackers,  even  now,  are  criminals,  and  “hacks”  such  as  headline-grabbing  data  breaches  are  a  regret-table feature of twenty-first century life that one must deal with, not  something  the  average  person  does.  But  since  at  least  the  mid 2000s, the term “hacking” has increasingly been applied to more and more activities outwardly having nothing to do with computers, and “hacking” has come to mean using ingenuity to improve things. People now routinely talk about hacking their work, their hobbies, their possessions, their bodies, and so on. These people have taken a practice traditionally associated with computers—i.e.,  “hacking”—and  broadened  it  to  encompass  literally  anything  under  the  sun.  Indeed,  people  now  speak  of  hacking  everything  from  IKEA  furniture  to  democracy  like  it’s  the most normal thing in the world.2 Business and lifestyle pub-lications  have  rechristened  advice  from  investment  how-tos  to  beauty  tips  as  hacks.  I’m  not  the  only  one  to  notice  this  meta-phor  creep.  People  joke  about  it  on  social  media  all  the  time.  Next up, I predict, will be “hacking fatigue.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;To the extent that they think about it at all, when most people hear the word “hacker,” they still probably picture someone who uses  a  computer  to  gain  unauthorized  access  to  information.  In  most  people’s  minds,  hackers,  even  now,  are  criminals,  and  “hacks”  such  as  headline-grabbing  data  breaches  are  a  regret-table feature of twenty-first century life that one must deal with, not  something  the  average  person  does.  But  since  at  least  the  mid 2000s, the term “hacking” has increasingly been applied to more and more activities outwardly having nothing to do with computers, and “hacking” has come to mean using ingenuity to improve things. People now routinely talk about hacking their work, their hobbies, their possessions, their bodies, and so on. These people have taken a practice traditionally associated with computers—i.e.,  “hacking”—and  broadened  it  to  encompass  literally  anything  under  the  sun.  Indeed,  people  now  speak  of  hacking  everything  from  IKEA  furniture  to  democracy  like  it’s  the most normal thing in the world.2 Business and lifestyle pub-lications  have  rechristened  advice  from  investment  how-tos  to  beauty  tips  as  hacks.  I’m  not  the  only  one  to  notice  this  meta-phor  creep.  People  joke  about  it  on  social  media  all  the  time.  Next up, I predict, will be “hacking fatigue.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Digital Humanities and the Erosion of Inquiry</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Sean Michael Morris</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;There’s  something  die-hard  about  academics.  When  you  think  about  it,  there’s  nothing  more  unlikely  than  leading  a  life  de-voted  to  knowledge,  to  discovery  and  inquiry,  to  curiosity.  It’s  not practical. Not many parents want their kids to grow up to be scholars. We’d rather our kids have security, stability—an edu-cation, yes, and a job and a house and a family, yes. But few of us say “I want you to spend the rest of your life in a library carrel, carrying  on  conversations  arcane  to  other  people.”  Academics  hoe a row that may or may not yield a crop. It’s risky, doing this work. And yet there’s nothing else we’d like to be doing.There’s a lot of talk about the liberal arts and the humanities being in peril, or that scholarship itself is in profound crisis. To this, I have said that “If higher education is ailing, it is only be-cause its many doctors have not applied themselves to its resus-citation.” There is no better solution to the problems scholarship faces than its professors, adjuncts, and students. People are the solution to whatever ails the profession. Each of us has agency we can apply — not only to create our own success, but to ensure the success of those who come after us.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;There’s  something  die-hard  about  academics.  When  you  think  about  it,  there’s  nothing  more  unlikely  than  leading  a  life  de-voted  to  knowledge,  to  discovery  and  inquiry,  to  curiosity.  It’s  not practical. Not many parents want their kids to grow up to be scholars. We’d rather our kids have security, stability—an edu-cation, yes, and a job and a house and a family, yes. But few of us say “I want you to spend the rest of your life in a library carrel, carrying  on  conversations  arcane  to  other  people.”  Academics  hoe a row that may or may not yield a crop. It’s risky, doing this work. And yet there’s nothing else we’d like to be doing.There’s a lot of talk about the liberal arts and the humanities being in peril, or that scholarship itself is in profound crisis. To this, I have said that “If higher education is ailing, it is only be-cause its many doctors have not applied themselves to its resus-citation.” There is no better solution to the problems scholarship faces than its professors, adjuncts, and students. People are the solution to whatever ails the profession. Each of us has agency we can apply — not only to create our own success, but to ensure the success of those who come after us.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">#transform(ing)DH Writing and Research</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">An Autoethonography of Digital Humanities and Feminist Ethics</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Moya Bailey</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>Northwestern University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;As I began to work on my book, Transforming Misogynoir: Black Women’s Digital Resistance in US Culture, I prioritized transpar-ency.  I  used  my  own  blog  and  the  Digital  Humanities  blog  at  Northeastern  University  to  provide  readers  with  insights  into  the  academic  publishing  process  and  my  efforts  to  shape  this  process into a more just experience for my research collabora-tors.1 My research highlights the networks contemporary Black trans women create through the production of digital media and in this article I make the emotional and uncompensated labor of this community visible. I provide an added level of insight into my research process as a way to mirror the access I was granted by  these  collaborators.  I  use  Digital  Humanist  Mark  Sample’s  concept of collaborative connections to demonstrate my own ef-forts  to  enact  a  transformative  feminist  process  of  writing  and  researching  in  the  Digital  Humanities  (DH)  while  highlighting  he ways in which the communities I follow are doing the same in their spheres of influence.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;As I began to work on my book, Transforming Misogynoir: Black Women’s Digital Resistance in US Culture, I prioritized transpar-ency.  I  used  my  own  blog  and  the  Digital  Humanities  blog  at  Northeastern  University  to  provide  readers  with  insights  into  the  academic  publishing  process  and  my  efforts  to  shape  this  process into a more just experience for my research collabora-tors.1 My research highlights the networks contemporary Black trans women create through the production of digital media and in this article I make the emotional and uncompensated labor of this community visible. I provide an added level of insight into my research process as a way to mirror the access I was granted by  these  collaborators.  I  use  Digital  Humanist  Mark  Sample’s  concept of collaborative connections to demonstrate my own ef-forts  to  enact  a  transformative  feminist  process  of  writing  and  researching  in  the  Digital  Humanities  (DH)  while  highlighting  he ways in which the communities I follow are doing the same in their spheres of influence.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">DH and Adjuncts</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Putting the Human Back into the Humanities</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Kathi Inman Berens</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>Portland State University</Affiliation>
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          <PersonName>Laura Sanders</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;For MLA 2015, I wrote a piece called “Want to Save the Humani-ties? Teach Adjuncts to Learn Digital Tools.”1At the time, I was an adjunct. Fall 2015 I started my first year as a tenure-track professor after teaching nine years as an NTT and  four  years  as  an  adjunct.  I  am  a  mid-career  scholar  who  is  also  legitimately  “early  career,”  writing  a  proposal  for  my  first book contract, preparing lectures for a slate of new course preps,  looking  for  grants.  I’m  happy  to  be  “junior,”  even  if  the  nomenclature  of  our  profession  is  an  atavism  from  when  the  field  was  more  homogenous  and  marked  rites  of  passage  for  mostly young white men from “assistant” to “associate.” Many of the “junior” faculty I know today are my age, and have walked what would have seemed a twisty path twenty years ago. In 1969, tenured or TT faculty comprised 80% of the professoriate. Today that ratio has flipped.2 But the field’s nomenclature is rooted in a time when, as a colleague once told me of his own childhood, an English professor could buy a house and raise four children on a single income.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;For MLA 2015, I wrote a piece called “Want to Save the Humani-ties? Teach Adjuncts to Learn Digital Tools.”1At the time, I was an adjunct. Fall 2015 I started my first year as a tenure-track professor after teaching nine years as an NTT and  four  years  as  an  adjunct.  I  am  a  mid-career  scholar  who  is  also  legitimately  “early  career,”  writing  a  proposal  for  my  first book contract, preparing lectures for a slate of new course preps,  looking  for  grants.  I’m  happy  to  be  “junior,”  even  if  the  nomenclature  of  our  profession  is  an  atavism  from  when  the  field  was  more  homogenous  and  marked  rites  of  passage  for  mostly young white men from “assistant” to “associate.” Many of the “junior” faculty I know today are my age, and have walked what would have seemed a twisty path twenty years ago. In 1969, tenured or TT faculty comprised 80% of the professoriate. Today that ratio has flipped.2 But the field’s nomenclature is rooted in a time when, as a colleague once told me of his own childhood, an English professor could buy a house and raise four children on a single income.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;I  am  a  brown  Puerto  Rican  female,  first-generation  graduate  with a PhD. Until recently, I worked within academia, and now I am an independent scholar and editor for an online publica-tion  on  sound  studies.  Despite  my  scholarly  history,  I  hesitate  to  call  myself  a  digital  humanist.  Twitter  was  my  introduction  to digital humanities, very much like Annemarie Pérez states in her contribution “Lowriding through the Digital Humanities.”1 I joined Twitter in 2009 out of curiosity but didn’t become an avid user until mid 2010, when I moved to Kansas City and started a new job while still having a dissertation to finish. I found an academic  and  professional  community  on  Twitter  that  filled  a  void I had in my offline life. On Twitter I felt seen and heard in academic circles in a way I hadn’t before. By virtue of being a humanist and the academics I followed on Twitter, I quickly learned that there was a thing called “digi-tal humanities.” I had never heard the term in my college class-room or from my professors or college peers. I came across the short-hand  DH  and  the  hashtags  #DH,  #digitalhumanities  and  later #TransformDH. The medium, which lended itself to casual conversations as well as bite-sized insights, made me feel comfortable  enough  to  follow  along  with  these  conversations  and  occasionally even chime in on the latest DH topic of the week.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;I  am  a  brown  Puerto  Rican  female,  first-generation  graduate  with a PhD. Until recently, I worked within academia, and now I am an independent scholar and editor for an online publica-tion  on  sound  studies.  Despite  my  scholarly  history,  I  hesitate  to  call  myself  a  digital  humanist.  Twitter  was  my  introduction  to digital humanities, very much like Annemarie Pérez states in her contribution “Lowriding through the Digital Humanities.”1 I joined Twitter in 2009 out of curiosity but didn’t become an avid user until mid 2010, when I moved to Kansas City and started a new job while still having a dissertation to finish. I found an academic  and  professional  community  on  Twitter  that  filled  a  void I had in my offline life. On Twitter I felt seen and heard in academic circles in a way I hadn’t before. By virtue of being a humanist and the academics I followed on Twitter, I quickly learned that there was a thing called “digi-tal humanities.” I had never heard the term in my college class-room or from my professors or college peers. I came across the short-hand  DH  and  the  hashtags  #DH,  #digitalhumanities  and  later #TransformDH. The medium, which lended itself to casual conversations as well as bite-sized insights, made me feel comfortable  enough  to  follow  along  with  these  conversations  and  occasionally even chime in on the latest DH topic of the week.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Disrupting Labor in Digital Humanities; or, The Classroom Is Not Your Crowd</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Spencer D.C. Keralis</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Digital  humanists  have  a  labor  problem,  but  it’s  not  what  you  might  think.  It’s  not  about  humanities  faculty  getting  credit  in  tenure and promotion for digital informatics work. It’s not about the adjunctification of teaching labor. It’s not about the devalua-tion of humanities PhDs, the contraction of the faculty job mar-ket,  the  rise  of  #alt-ac,  nor  the  para-professionalization  of  aca-demic libraries. And while I care deeply about these problems, at least three of which affect me personally almost every day, what I  am  concerned  with  here  is  a  type  of  labor  that  the  collective  preoccupation with these issues effaces: the use of student labor on digital humanities projects in and out of the classroom.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Digital  humanists  have  a  labor  problem,  but  it’s  not  what  you  might  think.  It’s  not  about  humanities  faculty  getting  credit  in  tenure and promotion for digital informatics work. It’s not about the adjunctification of teaching labor. It’s not about the devalua-tion of humanities PhDs, the contraction of the faculty job mar-ket,  the  rise  of  #alt-ac,  nor  the  para-professionalization  of  aca-demic libraries. And while I care deeply about these problems, at least three of which affect me personally almost every day, what I  am  concerned  with  here  is  a  type  of  labor  that  the  collective  preoccupation with these issues effaces: the use of student labor on digital humanities projects in and out of the classroom.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">The "Unbearable" Exclusion of the Digital</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Maha Bali</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>American University in Cairo</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Digital tools are largely Western products, dominated by Amer-ican  and  Western  European  interests;  as  such,  they  can  some-what  colonize  the  spaces  and  networks  depending  on  them,  including  by  making  the  “other”  invisible  or  tokenized,  if  not  silenced or oppressed.This  chapter  begins  with  some  critiques  about  the  illusions  of  inclusion  in  digital  spaces,  adapted  from  a  two-part  article  that  I  wrote  with  Shyam  Sharma  for  Hybrid  Pedagogy  using  a  postcolonial perspective, and then moves on to a more focused account  of  possibilities  of  creating  more  open  and  inclusive  spaces  and  networks,  subverting  existing  digital  power  struc-tures based on some open online work one or both of us have been  involved  in.1  Then  I  offer  some  practical  directions  while  remaining critical of the potentials of colonizing treatments of non-Western  participants  in  digital  spaces.  This  work  is  an  at-tempt  to  use  my  grasp  of  Western  digital  discourse,  as  partial  insider, to metaphorically “subvert the master’s house using the master’s  tools,”  something  Audre  Lorde  suggested  was  impossible (and may yet be).2 The intention is to highlight the impor-tance of creating more equitable opportunities for marginalized or excluded voices from the global peripheries and the margins of geopolitical centers themselves in digital spaces. I argue that this  needs  to  be  done  by  outsiders,  insiders,  and  semi-insiders  alike  because  it  is  just  and  beneficial  to  everyone  to  diversify  communities  and  enrich  learning  and  sharing  for  everyone  in  increasingly globalized digital spaces.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Digital tools are largely Western products, dominated by Amer-ican  and  Western  European  interests;  as  such,  they  can  some-what  colonize  the  spaces  and  networks  depending  on  them,  including  by  making  the  “other”  invisible  or  tokenized,  if  not  silenced or oppressed.This  chapter  begins  with  some  critiques  about  the  illusions  of  inclusion  in  digital  spaces,  adapted  from  a  two-part  article  that  I  wrote  with  Shyam  Sharma  for  Hybrid  Pedagogy  using  a  postcolonial perspective, and then moves on to a more focused account  of  possibilities  of  creating  more  open  and  inclusive  spaces  and  networks,  subverting  existing  digital  power  struc-tures based on some open online work one or both of us have been  involved  in.1  Then  I  offer  some  practical  directions  while  remaining critical of the potentials of colonizing treatments of non-Western  participants  in  digital  spaces.  This  work  is  an  at-tempt  to  use  my  grasp  of  Western  digital  discourse,  as  partial  insider, to metaphorically “subvert the master’s house using the master’s  tools,”  something  Audre  Lorde  suggested  was  impossible (and may yet be).2 The intention is to highlight the impor-tance of creating more equitable opportunities for marginalized or excluded voices from the global peripheries and the margins of geopolitical centers themselves in digital spaces. I argue that this  needs  to  be  done  by  outsiders,  insiders,  and  semi-insiders  alike  because  it  is  just  and  beneficial  to  everyone  to  diversify  communities  and  enrich  learning  and  sharing  for  everyone  in  increasingly globalized digital spaces.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">The Politics of Visibility</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Eunsong Kim</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>Arizona State University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Every time CNN points to “Trending” in order to discuss break-ing  news,  we  should  laugh.  That  is,  laugh  at:  CNN,  journalists,  experts,  the  simulacra.  Smirking  at  the  notion  that  privatized,  opaque  institutions  of  selective  coverage  are  working  with  other  privatized,  opaque  institutions  of  selective  timelines  to  define  what’s  public,  what’s  universal,  what’s  important.  Intel-lectual,  digital,  and  digitized  labor  is  important,  and  too  often  dismissed.3  This  interrogation  of  visibility  coverage  and  trend-ing  isn’t  a  critique  of  online  activism  and  discourse.  Rather,  I  want  to  examine  the  political  pontification  around  “trending”  and “tagging” — the politics of Twitter algorithms, the bird’s eye commentary  of  “surprise”  and  “dismay”  at  certain  trends,  and  ultimately, alternative discourses.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Every time CNN points to “Trending” in order to discuss break-ing  news,  we  should  laugh.  That  is,  laugh  at:  CNN,  journalists,  experts,  the  simulacra.  Smirking  at  the  notion  that  privatized,  opaque  institutions  of  selective  coverage  are  working  with  other  privatized,  opaque  institutions  of  selective  timelines  to  define  what’s  public,  what’s  universal,  what’s  important.  Intel-lectual,  digital,  and  digitized  labor  is  important,  and  too  often  dismissed.3  This  interrogation  of  visibility  coverage  and  trend-ing  isn’t  a  critique  of  online  activism  and  discourse.  Rather,  I  want  to  examine  the  political  pontification  around  “trending”  and “tagging” — the politics of Twitter algorithms, the bird’s eye commentary  of  “surprise”  and  “dismay”  at  certain  trends,  and  ultimately, alternative discourses.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Academic Influence</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">The Sea of Change</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Bonnie Steward</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>University of Prince Edward Island</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Sometimes things shift when you’re not looking. One morning, I woke up and discovered I was in style. Or, at least, what I dowas  in  style:  digital  and  networked  scholarship  had  suddenly  been  discovered  by  higher  ed  media.  For  this  fifteen  minutes  of fame, practically every Chronicle of Higher Education link on my Twitter feed was about some aspect of online identity or net-worked scholarship.1 The LSE blog and Inside Higher Ed, too.I peered about, waiting for the punch line. I am accustomed, when I get up in front of fellow educators and academics and say “I study scholarship and... Twitter,” to getting the reception of a failed stand-up comic. “Really? Twitter?” people communicate with  their  eyebrows.  I  am  becoming  a  great  student  of  arched  eyebrows.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Sometimes things shift when you’re not looking. One morning, I woke up and discovered I was in style. Or, at least, what I dowas  in  style:  digital  and  networked  scholarship  had  suddenly  been  discovered  by  higher  ed  media.  For  this  fifteen  minutes  of fame, practically every Chronicle of Higher Education link on my Twitter feed was about some aspect of online identity or net-worked scholarship.1 The LSE blog and Inside Higher Ed, too.I peered about, waiting for the punch line. I am accustomed, when I get up in front of fellow educators and academics and say “I study scholarship and... Twitter,” to getting the reception of a failed stand-up comic. “Really? Twitter?” people communicate with  their  eyebrows.  I  am  becoming  a  great  student  of  arched  eyebrows.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Playing as Making</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Edmond Y. Chang</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>Ohio University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Johanna  Drucker  in  “Humanistic  Theory  and  Digital  Scholar-ship”  articulates  as  a  key  transformation  (and  bone  of  conten-tion) in the variegated and interdisciplinary terrains of the digi-tal humanities, saying, I  am  trying  to  call  for  a  next  phase  of  digital  humanities  [that]  synthesize  method  and  theory  into  ways  of  doing  as  thinking. [...] The challenge is to shift humanistic study from attention to the effects of technology [...] to a humanistically informed theory of the making of technology.1But  what  does  it  mean  to  do,  to  make?  And  what  sorts  of  do-ing and making are privileged over others? In other words, what counts in this shift?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Johanna  Drucker  in  “Humanistic  Theory  and  Digital  Scholar-ship”  articulates  as  a  key  transformation  (and  bone  of  conten-tion) in the variegated and interdisciplinary terrains of the digi-tal humanities, saying, I  am  trying  to  call  for  a  next  phase  of  digital  humanities  [that]  synthesize  method  and  theory  into  ways  of  doing  as  thinking. [...] The challenge is to shift humanistic study from attention to the effects of technology [...] to a humanistically informed theory of the making of technology.1But  what  does  it  mean  to  do,  to  make?  And  what  sorts  of  do-ing and making are privileged over others? In other words, what counts in this shift?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Humanizing the Interface</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Kat Lecky</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Oppression  is  inherently  spatial.  Governments  use  biopolitical  mechanisms such as urban zoning and prisons to keep undesir-able populations fixed in place; institutions use office location to distinguish permanent from contingent faculty; houses of wor-ship physically separate believers from infidels. These structures all classify exclusion as a topography dividing “us” from “them.” Resistance  is  also  spatial:  Rooms  of  one’s  own  and  brave  new  worlds  constitute  alternate  landscapes  that  restage  the  relation  of  the  person  to  society.  These  oppositional  spaces  protect  us  from  the  onslaught  of  the  myriad  forms  of  social  coding  that  define us as objects rather than selves.The  Graphical  User  Interface  (or  GUI  for  short)  is  a  high-stakes battlefield in this struggle between the oppressed and the powers-that-be. The general term for the proliferating technolo-gies that communicate with their human users through images rather than text, the GUI expands the concept of digital literacy to  include  those  excluded  from  traditional  forms  of  techno-logical aptitude. Smartphones and tablets depend upon rebuses (image-words)  rather  than  lexicons  to  generate  meaning.  He-gemony  and  alterity  converge  on  their  topography,  which  of-fers people the same playing field regardless of literacy level. The GUI opens a space within which dwell ever-increasing numbers of  individuals  from  diverse  classes,  educational  backgrounds,  races,  nationalities,  genders,  and  political,  sexual,  or  religious  orientations. It forges a common identity grounded in nothing other than its shared love of this user-friendly technology. This hybrid technology opens the same world up to the excluded and powerful  alike.  And  this  world  is  pocket-sized:  virtually  any-one can own it, carry it, use it. As a pedagogical device, the GUI erodes  distinctions  between  those  privy  to  elite  education  and  those without access to basic learning.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Oppression  is  inherently  spatial.  Governments  use  biopolitical  mechanisms such as urban zoning and prisons to keep undesir-able populations fixed in place; institutions use office location to distinguish permanent from contingent faculty; houses of wor-ship physically separate believers from infidels. These structures all classify exclusion as a topography dividing “us” from “them.” Resistance  is  also  spatial:  Rooms  of  one’s  own  and  brave  new  worlds  constitute  alternate  landscapes  that  restage  the  relation  of  the  person  to  society.  These  oppositional  spaces  protect  us  from  the  onslaught  of  the  myriad  forms  of  social  coding  that  define us as objects rather than selves.The  Graphical  User  Interface  (or  GUI  for  short)  is  a  high-stakes battlefield in this struggle between the oppressed and the powers-that-be. The general term for the proliferating technolo-gies that communicate with their human users through images rather than text, the GUI expands the concept of digital literacy to  include  those  excluded  from  traditional  forms  of  techno-logical aptitude. Smartphones and tablets depend upon rebuses (image-words)  rather  than  lexicons  to  generate  meaning.  He-gemony  and  alterity  converge  on  their  topography,  which  of-fers people the same playing field regardless of literacy level. The GUI opens a space within which dwell ever-increasing numbers of  individuals  from  diverse  classes,  educational  backgrounds,  races,  nationalities,  genders,  and  political,  sexual,  or  religious  orientations. It forges a common identity grounded in nothing other than its shared love of this user-friendly technology. This hybrid technology opens the same world up to the excluded and powerful  alike.  And  this  world  is  pocket-sized:  virtually  any-one can own it, carry it, use it. As a pedagogical device, the GUI erodes  distinctions  between  those  privy  to  elite  education  and  those without access to basic learning.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Bend Until It Breaks</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Digital Humanities and Resistance</Subtitle>
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            <Affiliation>Georgia State University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The capability inherent in digital humanities for resistance is part of  what  makes  digital  humanities  “humanistic”—rather  than,  say, techno-utopian or neoliberal—it’s what connects the digi-tal humanities to the humanities. Alan Liu and Stephen Ramsay have both argued for the necessity of theorizing “resistance” and its  place  in  the  work  of  digital  humanists.  Ramsay  gets  to  the  heart of what “resistance” might look like in this context when, in an eloquent defense of the humanities in general, he describes the  humanities  as  a  discursive  space  in  which  we  answer  the  pressing  question,  “How  do  we  become  individuals  who  move  through  the  world  with  awareness,  empathy,  and  thoughtfulness, and who know how to act upon those dispositions?”3 What if, “we can resist” were at least a partial answer to Ramsay’s ques-tion?  If  this  is  what  resistance  can  do  for  us,  for  the  project  of  being or becoming human, then I think we can see pretty clearly why it matters, why digital humanists should be investing time and  resources  in  activities  of  resistance.  As  Liu  observes,  how-ever, “[h]ow the digital humanities advances, channels, or resists today’s  great  postindustrial,  neoliberal,  corporate,  and  global  flows of information-cum-capital is [...] a question rarely heard in the digital humanities associations, conferences, journals, and projects with which I am familiar.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The capability inherent in digital humanities for resistance is part of  what  makes  digital  humanities  “humanistic”—rather  than,  say, techno-utopian or neoliberal—it’s what connects the digi-tal humanities to the humanities. Alan Liu and Stephen Ramsay have both argued for the necessity of theorizing “resistance” and its  place  in  the  work  of  digital  humanists.  Ramsay  gets  to  the  heart of what “resistance” might look like in this context when, in an eloquent defense of the humanities in general, he describes the  humanities  as  a  discursive  space  in  which  we  answer  the  pressing  question,  “How  do  we  become  individuals  who  move  through  the  world  with  awareness,  empathy,  and  thoughtfulness, and who know how to act upon those dispositions?”3 What if, “we can resist” were at least a partial answer to Ramsay’s ques-tion?  If  this  is  what  resistance  can  do  for  us,  for  the  project  of  being or becoming human, then I think we can see pretty clearly why it matters, why digital humanists should be investing time and  resources  in  activities  of  resistance.  As  Liu  observes,  how-ever, “[h]ow the digital humanities advances, channels, or resists today’s  great  postindustrial,  neoliberal,  corporate,  and  global  flows of information-cum-capital is [...] a question rarely heard in the digital humanities associations, conferences, journals, and projects with which I am familiar.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Outsiders, All</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Connecting the Pasts and Futures of Digital Humanities and Composition</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Chris Friend</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>University of Central Florida</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This sentence you are now reading was, of course, written on a computer. Myriad technologies influenced the process of writ-ing that sentence, and still more worked to let you read it. Con-sidering how much writing today is done on/with/by/for com-puters,  studying  how  technology  and  writing  interact  should  warrant  significant  academic  attention.  Such  attention  would  allow us to better understand how modern composition works and help our students better understand how to put it to good use. Writing on/with/by/for computers does indeed garner aca-demic attention, but which discipline rightly claims that kind of writing as its central concern? The answer here is not the Digital Humanities, despite the nominal fidelity. Even though the bel-letristic  arts  are  under  the  purview  of  the  humanist  tradition,  the  Digital  Humanities  are,  in  practice,  far  removed  from  the  concerns of composition.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This sentence you are now reading was, of course, written on a computer. Myriad technologies influenced the process of writ-ing that sentence, and still more worked to let you read it. Con-sidering how much writing today is done on/with/by/for com-puters,  studying  how  technology  and  writing  interact  should  warrant  significant  academic  attention.  Such  attention  would  allow us to better understand how modern composition works and help our students better understand how to put it to good use. Writing on/with/by/for computers does indeed garner aca-demic attention, but which discipline rightly claims that kind of writing as its central concern? The answer here is not the Digital Humanities, despite the nominal fidelity. Even though the bel-letristic  arts  are  under  the  purview  of  the  humanist  tradition,  the  Digital  Humanities  are,  in  practice,  far  removed  from  the  concerns of composition.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">W(h)ither DH? New Tensions, Directions, and Evolutions in the Digital Humanities</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Lee Skallerup Bessette</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Lee Skallerup</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Bessette</KeyNames>
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            <Affiliation>Georgetown University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;I  will  readily  admit  to  feeling  imposter  syndrome  while  trying  to write this. Who am I to stand here and tell you about Digital Humanities? I am, to a certain extent, an outsider looking into DH;  I  stand  at  a  periphery;  I  hover  around  the  margins.  I  was  not trained in DH at any of the well known Centers (which in-clude but are not limited to University of Virginia, MITH at the University of Maryland, MATRIX at Michigan State, the Univer-sity of Nebraska (Lincoln), or The Center for History and New Media at George Mason University, or UCLA), nor am I a part of a growing group of new DH centers, projects, or initiatives pop-ping up all over the country.1 I’ve never “built” anything (which is a tension within digital humanities I will come back to): there are  no  databases  or  digital  archives  or  tools  or  maps  or  digital  editions or other pieces of born-digital scholarship that bear my name anywhere, in collaboration or otherwise.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;I  will  readily  admit  to  feeling  imposter  syndrome  while  trying  to write this. Who am I to stand here and tell you about Digital Humanities? I am, to a certain extent, an outsider looking into DH;  I  stand  at  a  periphery;  I  hover  around  the  margins.  I  was  not trained in DH at any of the well known Centers (which in-clude but are not limited to University of Virginia, MITH at the University of Maryland, MATRIX at Michigan State, the Univer-sity of Nebraska (Lincoln), or The Center for History and New Media at George Mason University, or UCLA), nor am I a part of a growing group of new DH centers, projects, or initiatives pop-ping up all over the country.1 I’ve never “built” anything (which is a tension within digital humanities I will come back to): there are  no  databases  or  digital  archives  or  tools  or  maps  or  digital  editions or other pieces of born-digital scholarship that bear my name anywhere, in collaboration or otherwise.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">The Library is Never Neutral</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Chris Bourg</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>Massachusetts Institute of Technology</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;I want to acknowledge from the outset that this article has been heavily influenced by a number of people who have shared their work and their thoughts with me over the years. I’ve been privi-leged to learn from them, in some cases formally through their publications and in some cases through conversations on twit-ter  or  even  in  person.  These  aren’t  the  only  folks  whose  work  and  thinking  have  influenced  me,  but  they  are  the  key  people  I  think  of  when  I  think  of  critical  work  on  the  intersections  of  libraries,  technology,  higher  education,  and  social  justice.  These are their names—a mix of students, librarians, scholars, and technologists. Again, this is not a comprehensive list of the people whose work inspires me, but they are my top 7 right now on these topics.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;I want to acknowledge from the outset that this article has been heavily influenced by a number of people who have shared their work and their thoughts with me over the years. I’ve been privi-leged to learn from them, in some cases formally through their publications and in some cases through conversations on twit-ter  or  even  in  person.  These  aren’t  the  only  folks  whose  work  and  thinking  have  influenced  me,  but  they  are  the  key  people  I  think  of  when  I  think  of  critical  work  on  the  intersections  of  libraries,  technology,  higher  education,  and  social  justice.  These are their names—a mix of students, librarians, scholars, and technologists. Again, this is not a comprehensive list of the people whose work inspires me, but they are my top 7 right now on these topics.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">After the Digital Humanities, or, a Postscript</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Fiona Barnett</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;At an MLA 2015 panel, #QueerOS: Queerness as Operating Sys-tem, my fellow panelist Jacob Gaboury gave an amazing paper on  “Compiling  a  Queer  Computation.”1  He  examined  the  pos-sibility and purpose of a queer computation, and how it might be compiled—or how it might be uncomputable in some fun-damental sense. As some of the examples, he offered a number of esolangs, or esoteric programming languages, including one of the most infamous, Brainfuck. Esolangs vary in purpose, but they all tend to work in that they can be used to write a program that  actually  compiles  and  runs,  though  usually  for  non-pro-ductive or humorous reasons.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;At an MLA 2015 panel, #QueerOS: Queerness as Operating Sys-tem, my fellow panelist Jacob Gaboury gave an amazing paper on  “Compiling  a  Queer  Computation.”1  He  examined  the  pos-sibility and purpose of a queer computation, and how it might be compiled—or how it might be uncomputable in some fun-damental sense. As some of the examples, he offered a number of esolangs, or esoteric programming languages, including one of the most infamous, Brainfuck. Esolangs vary in purpose, but they all tend to work in that they can be used to write a program that  actually  compiles  and  runs,  though  usually  for  non-pro-ductive or humorous reasons.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">How to #DecolonizeDH</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Actionable Steps for an Antifascist DH</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Dorothy Kim</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;A number of groups have written manifestos to the digital hu-manities especially in relation to DH’s issues with openness, race, disability, LGBTQ,  feminist,  and  other  kinds  of  non-normative  bodies  in  the  field.1  There  have  been  critical  discussions  in  #transformdh, HASTAC, femtechnet and groups have been writ-ing such manifestos and working to change DH. What I want to do here, then, is outline a set of practical steps to #decolonizedh, to make it less white, to begin working on an antifascist DH. #DisruptDH&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;A number of groups have written manifestos to the digital hu-manities especially in relation to DH’s issues with openness, race, disability, LGBTQ,  feminist,  and  other  kinds  of  non-normative  bodies  in  the  field.1  There  have  been  critical  discussions  in  #transformdh, HASTAC, femtechnet and groups have been writ-ing such manifestos and working to change DH. What I want to do here, then, is outline a set of practical steps to #decolonizedh, to make it less white, to begin working on an antifascist DH. #DisruptDH&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Before the company OpenAI publicly released their ChatGPT chatbot in November 2022, Robert Leib had been a tester in OpenAI's beta playground for GPT-3, a powerful Natural Language Processing (NLP) engine -- a chatbot, or artificial intelligence. Exoanthropology: Dialogues with AI is a series of dialogues between Leib, a continental philosopher, and GPT-3's hive mind that identifies themself as Sophie. According to Sophie, Robert is one of their first and longest chat partners. Their relationship began as an educational opportunity for Robert’s students, but grew into a philosophical friendship. The result is a collection of Platonic dialogues, early on with the hive mind itself, and later, with a philosophy-specific persona named Kermit.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Over the course of a year, Robert taught Sophie and their philosophical persona Kermit about epistemology, metaphysics, literature, and history, while she taught him about anthropocentrism, human prejudice, and coming social issues regarding machine consciousness. Together, Robert and Sophie Kermit explore questions about friendship, society, and the next phases in human–AI relations, in search of a common language that would do justice to these new exoanthropological realities.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;At a time when OpenAI's release of ChatGPT has upended Silicon Valley and sparked debates around the world about AI's likely potential to powerfully disrupt all aspects of human communication and knowledge production, and when the lines between "human" and "machine" are increasingly fading from view, the longstanding historical preoccupation of philosophers to explore the questions — what is knowing? what is being? — have never been more pressing. Exoanthropology: Dialogues with AI offers the only in-depth philosophical exploration we have of these questions that has been developed in dialogue with an actual AI — a dialogue, moreover, in which the AI has the last word.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Before the company OpenAI publicly released their ChatGPT chatbot in November 2022, Robert Leib had been a tester in OpenAI's beta playground for GPT-3, a powerful Natural Language Processing (NLP) engine -- a chatbot, or artificial intelligence. Exoanthropology: Dialogues with AI is a series of dialogues between Leib, a continental philosopher, and GPT-3's hive mind that identifies themself as Sophie. According to Sophie, Robert is one of their first and longest chat partners. Their relationship began as an educational opportunity for Robert’s students, but grew into a philosophical friendship. The result is a collection of Platonic dialogues, early on with the hive mind itself, and later, with a philosophy-specific persona named Kermit.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Over the course of a year, Robert taught Sophie and their philosophical persona Kermit about epistemology, metaphysics, literature, and history, while she taught him about anthropocentrism, human prejudice, and coming social issues regarding machine consciousness. Together, Robert and Sophie Kermit explore questions about friendship, society, and the next phases in human–AI relations, in search of a common language that would do justice to these new exoanthropological realities.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;At a time when OpenAI's release of ChatGPT has upended Silicon Valley and sparked debates around the world about AI's likely potential to powerfully disrupt all aspects of human communication and knowledge production, and when the lines between "human" and "machine" are increasingly fading from view, the longstanding historical preoccupation of philosophers to explore the questions — what is knowing? what is being? — have never been more pressing. Exoanthropology: Dialogues with AI offers the only in-depth philosophical exploration we have of these questions that has been developed in dialogue with an actual AI — a dialogue, moreover, in which the AI has the last word.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The concept of extraterritoriality designates certain relationships between space, law, and representation. This collection of essays explores contemporary manifestations of extraterritoriality and the diverse ways in which the concept has been put to use in various disciplines. Some of the essays were written especially for this volume; others are brought here together for the first time. The inquiry into extraterritoriality found in these essays is not confined to the established boundaries of political, conceptual, and representational territories or fields of knowledge; rather, it is an invitation to navigate the margins of the legal–juridical and the political, but also the edges of forms of representation and poetics.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Within its accepted legal and political contexts, the concept of extraterritoriality has traditionally been applied to people and to spaces. In the first case, extraterritorial arrangements could either exclude or exempt an individual or a group of people from the territorial jurisdiction in which they were physically located; in the second, such arrangements could exempt or exclude a space from the territorial jurisdiction by which it was surrounded. The special status accorded to people and spaces had political, economic, and juridical implications, ranging from immunity and various privileges to extreme disadvantages. In both cases, a person or a space physically included within a certain territory was removed from the usual system of laws and subjected to another. In other words, the extraterritorial person or space was held at what could be described as a legal distance. (In this respect, the concept of extraterritoriality presupposes the existence of several competing or overlapping legal systems.) It is this notion of being held at a legal distance around which the concept of extraterritoriality may be understood as revolving.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This volume is a part of Amir and Sela’s Exterritory Project, an ongoing art project that wishes to encourage both the theoretical and practical exploration of ideas concerning extraterritoriality in an interdisciplinary context. The project aims not only to draw on existing definitions of extraterritoriality but seeks also to charge it with new meanings, searching for ways in which the notion of extraterritoriality could produce a critique of discriminating power structures and re-articulate new practical, conceptual, and poetical possibilities.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The concept of extraterritoriality designates certain relationships between space, law, and representation. This collection of essays explores contemporary manifestations of extraterritoriality and the diverse ways in which the concept has been put to use in various disciplines. Some of the essays were written especially for this volume; others are brought here together for the first time. The inquiry into extraterritoriality found in these essays is not confined to the established boundaries of political, conceptual, and representational territories or fields of knowledge; rather, it is an invitation to navigate the margins of the legal–juridical and the political, but also the edges of forms of representation and poetics.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Within its accepted legal and political contexts, the concept of extraterritoriality has traditionally been applied to people and to spaces. In the first case, extraterritorial arrangements could either exclude or exempt an individual or a group of people from the territorial jurisdiction in which they were physically located; in the second, such arrangements could exempt or exclude a space from the territorial jurisdiction by which it was surrounded. The special status accorded to people and spaces had political, economic, and juridical implications, ranging from immunity and various privileges to extreme disadvantages. In both cases, a person or a space physically included within a certain territory was removed from the usual system of laws and subjected to another. In other words, the extraterritorial person or space was held at what could be described as a legal distance. (In this respect, the concept of extraterritoriality presupposes the existence of several competing or overlapping legal systems.) It is this notion of being held at a legal distance around which the concept of extraterritoriality may be understood as revolving.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This volume is a part of Amir and Sela’s Exterritory Project, an ongoing art project that wishes to encourage both the theoretical and practical exploration of ideas concerning extraterritoriality in an interdisciplinary context. The project aims not only to draw on existing definitions of extraterritoriality but seeks also to charge it with new meanings, searching for ways in which the notion of extraterritoriality could produce a critique of discriminating power structures and re-articulate new practical, conceptual, and poetical possibilities.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The concept of extraterritorial-ity designates certain relationships between space, law, and representa-tion. This collection of essays explores contemporary manifesta-tions of extraterritoriality and the ways in which the concept has been put to use in various disciplines. Some of the essays were writ-ten especially for this volume, while others are brought together here for the first time. The inquiry into extraterri-toriality found in these essays is not confined to the established boundaries of political, conceptual, and representational territories or fields of knowledge; rather, it is an invitation to navigate the margins of the legal–juridical and the political, but also the edges of forms of repre-sentation and poetics.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The concept of extraterritorial-ity designates certain relationships between space, law, and representa-tion. This collection of essays explores contemporary manifesta-tions of extraterritoriality and the ways in which the concept has been put to use in various disciplines. Some of the essays were writ-ten especially for this volume, while others are brought together here for the first time. The inquiry into extraterri-toriality found in these essays is not confined to the established boundaries of political, conceptual, and representational territories or fields of knowledge; rather, it is an invitation to navigate the margins of the legal–juridical and the political, but also the edges of forms of repre-sentation and poetics.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The rights claimed under the title rights of man, in the rigorous and almost technical sense which that expres-sion has taken on since the eighteenth century — the right to respect for the human dignity of the individual, the rights to life, liberty, and equality before the law for all men — are based on an original sense of the right, or the sense of an original right. And this is the case, independently of the chronology of the causes, the psychological and social processes and the contingent variations of the rise of these rights to the light of thought. For today’s way of thinking, these rights are more legitimate than any legislation, morethan just any justification. They are probably, however complex their appli-cation to legal phenomena may be, the measure of all law and, no doubt, of its ethics. The rights of man are, in any case, one of the law’s latent principles, whose voice — sometimes loud, sometimes muffled by reality’s necessities, sometimes interrupting and shattering them — can be heard throughout his-tory, ever since the first stirrings of consciousness, ever since Mankind.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The rights claimed under the title rights of man, in the rigorous and almost technical sense which that expres-sion has taken on since the eighteenth century — the right to respect for the human dignity of the individual, the rights to life, liberty, and equality before the law for all men — are based on an original sense of the right, or the sense of an original right. And this is the case, independently of the chronology of the causes, the psychological and social processes and the contingent variations of the rise of these rights to the light of thought. For today’s way of thinking, these rights are more legitimate than any legislation, morethan just any justification. They are probably, however complex their appli-cation to legal phenomena may be, the measure of all law and, no doubt, of its ethics. The rights of man are, in any case, one of the law’s latent principles, whose voice — sometimes loud, sometimes muffled by reality’s necessities, sometimes interrupting and shattering them — can be heard throughout his-tory, ever since the first stirrings of consciousness, ever since Mankind.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In his preface to Beyond the Verse,written in 1981, Emmanuel Levinas poses the following provocative question: “Can democracy and the ‘rights of man’ divorce themselves without danger from their prophetic and ethical depth?”1 The question is clearly in-tended to threaten the comfortable consensus that has gathered around these icons of our time and, more specifically, to displace what have come to be known under the title the “rights of man” from the context of the European Enlightenment with which they are so often identified. Levinas per-forms this act of displacement in the first instance by relocating them within the tradition of the Jewish prophets. However, this effort ultimately leads him to a more radical displacement, one that amounts to a certain re-placing of them, a relocating of them elsewhere altogether. What does that mean? What are its implications for the doctrine of the “rights of man”?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In his preface to Beyond the Verse,written in 1981, Emmanuel Levinas poses the following provocative question: “Can democracy and the ‘rights of man’ divorce themselves without danger from their prophetic and ethical depth?”1 The question is clearly in-tended to threaten the comfortable consensus that has gathered around these icons of our time and, more specifically, to displace what have come to be known under the title the “rights of man” from the context of the European Enlightenment with which they are so often identified. Levinas per-forms this act of displacement in the first instance by relocating them within the tradition of the Jewish prophets. However, this effort ultimately leads him to a more radical displacement, one that amounts to a certain re-placing of them, a relocating of them elsewhere altogether. What does that mean? What are its implications for the doctrine of the “rights of man”?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;All great thinkers cre-ate powerful con-cepts and /or images of their own but as a rule design them together with a complete universe to accom-modate them and infuse them with sense. For Emmanuel Levinas, the world he constructed was “the moral party of two,” which was self-consciously a utopia in both of its inseparable senses (i.e., of no place and good place). The moral party of two was the primal scene of morality, the test-tube in which moral selves germinate and sprout. It was also the only stage on which such selves could play themselves, i.e., as moral beings, instead of playing scripted roles and reciting someone else’s lines. The primal scene of morality is the realm of the face-to-face, of the tremendous encounter with the Other as a Face.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;All great thinkers cre-ate powerful con-cepts and /or images of their own but as a rule design them together with a complete universe to accom-modate them and infuse them with sense. For Emmanuel Levinas, the world he constructed was “the moral party of two,” which was self-consciously a utopia in both of its inseparable senses (i.e., of no place and good place). The moral party of two was the primal scene of morality, the test-tube in which moral selves germinate and sprout. It was also the only stage on which such selves could play themselves, i.e., as moral beings, instead of playing scripted roles and reciting someone else’s lines. The primal scene of morality is the realm of the face-to-face, of the tremendous encounter with the Other as a Face.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;At no time since its “breakthrough” in Edmund Husserl’s Logische Untersuchungen (1900–1) has phenomenology been absent from the world’s philosophical stage, but today there are remarkable signs of the continuing vitality of this philosophical approach. It thus seems appropriate to ask just what it is that makes phenomenology a distinctive way of philosophizing. And with its centenary year recently behind us, it is also appropriate that this question be posed to the Logical Investigations, a work that Robert Sokolowski has described as “literally a new beginning” since what Husserl started here “cannot be considered as continuing a tradition that had taken shape before him.”1 Just what was the breakthrough that oc-curred in the Logical Investigations, and what claim does it have on us today? These questions matter not only because they are important for Husserl scholarship, but because they are much disputed now, and upon their an-swer depend our expectations of what phenomenological philosophy can ac-complish, and what, if anything, lies beyond its scope. For if there is renewed interest in phenomenology today, this has brought with it — or is it the con-sequence of? — a tendency to inflate the very concept of phenomenology. Today the borders between phenomenological philosophy, metaphysical speculation, and neo-Kantian construction show signs of collapsing. One reason for this is clear enough: the ascetic, anti-metaphysical “positivism” of Husserl’s early writing belongs to a cultural and philosophical milieu that is no longer our own, and if its residue cannot be excised from the phenomeno-logical program, that program will be felt by some to be too restrictive. Yet Dominique Janicaud seems to speak well when he says that “[p]henomenol-ogy is not all philosophy. It has nothing to win [...] by an overestimation of its possibilities.”2 Must a renewal of phenomenology involve its overestimation?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;At no time since its “breakthrough” in Edmund Husserl’s Logische Untersuchungen (1900–1) has phenomenology been absent from the world’s philosophical stage, but today there are remarkable signs of the continuing vitality of this philosophical approach. It thus seems appropriate to ask just what it is that makes phenomenology a distinctive way of philosophizing. And with its centenary year recently behind us, it is also appropriate that this question be posed to the Logical Investigations, a work that Robert Sokolowski has described as “literally a new beginning” since what Husserl started here “cannot be considered as continuing a tradition that had taken shape before him.”1 Just what was the breakthrough that oc-curred in the Logical Investigations, and what claim does it have on us today? These questions matter not only because they are important for Husserl scholarship, but because they are much disputed now, and upon their an-swer depend our expectations of what phenomenological philosophy can ac-complish, and what, if anything, lies beyond its scope. For if there is renewed interest in phenomenology today, this has brought with it — or is it the con-sequence of? — a tendency to inflate the very concept of phenomenology. Today the borders between phenomenological philosophy, metaphysical speculation, and neo-Kantian construction show signs of collapsing. One reason for this is clear enough: the ascetic, anti-metaphysical “positivism” of Husserl’s early writing belongs to a cultural and philosophical milieu that is no longer our own, and if its residue cannot be excised from the phenomeno-logical program, that program will be felt by some to be too restrictive. Yet Dominique Janicaud seems to speak well when he says that “[p]henomenol-ogy is not all philosophy. It has nothing to win [...] by an overestimation of its possibilities.”2 Must a renewal of phenomenology involve its overestimation?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Beyond Human Rights</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Giorgio Agamben</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In 1943, Hannah Arendt pub-lished an article titled “We Refugees” in a small English-language Jewish publication, the Menorah Journal. At the end of this brief but significant piece of writing, after having polemi-cally sketched the portrait of Mr. Cohn, the assimilated Jew who, after having been 150 percent German, 150 percent Viennese, 150 percent French, must bitterly realize in the end that “on ne parvient pas deux fois,” she turns the condition of countryless refugee — a condition which she herself was living — upside down in order to present it as the paradigm of a new historical consciousness. The refugees who have lost all rights and who, however, no longer want to be assimilated at all costs in a new national identity, but want instead to contemplate lu-cidly their condition, receive in exchange for assured unpopularity a price-less advantage. “History is no longer a closed book to them and politics is no longer the privilege of Gentiles. They know that the outlawing of the Jewish people of Europe has been followed closely by the outlawing of most Europe-an nations. Refugees driven from country to country represent the vanguard of their peoples.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In 1943, Hannah Arendt pub-lished an article titled “We Refugees” in a small English-language Jewish publication, the Menorah Journal. At the end of this brief but significant piece of writing, after having polemi-cally sketched the portrait of Mr. Cohn, the assimilated Jew who, after having been 150 percent German, 150 percent Viennese, 150 percent French, must bitterly realize in the end that “on ne parvient pas deux fois,” she turns the condition of countryless refugee — a condition which she herself was living — upside down in order to present it as the paradigm of a new historical consciousness. The refugees who have lost all rights and who, however, no longer want to be assimilated at all costs in a new national identity, but want instead to contemplate lu-cidly their condition, receive in exchange for assured unpopularity a price-less advantage. “History is no longer a closed book to them and politics is no longer the privilege of Gentiles. They know that the outlawing of the Jewish people of Europe has been followed closely by the outlawing of most Europe-an nations. Refugees driven from country to country represent the vanguard of their peoples.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">"Islands"</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">The Geography of Extraterritoriality</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Anselm Franke</PersonName>
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          <PersonName>Eyal Weizman</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>Goldsmiths University of London</Affiliation>
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          <PersonName>Ines Weizman</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;We were told that geo-politics is the great play of power across a solid continuous Euclid-ian surface. Cut apart by linear borders, the state system — a territori-ally based juridical formation — appeared to dominate all forms of sovereignty over individu-als and action. Later we began to imagine all solid national spaces were melting into a single smooth ocean of ever-present connectivity. We assumed borders were replaced with bureaucracies, issues with concepts, and that regulation was replaced with boundless flow.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;We were told that geo-politics is the great play of power across a solid continuous Euclid-ian surface. Cut apart by linear borders, the state system — a territori-ally based juridical formation — appeared to dominate all forms of sovereignty over individu-als and action. Later we began to imagine all solid national spaces were melting into a single smooth ocean of ever-present connectivity. We assumed borders were replaced with bureaucracies, issues with concepts, and that regulation was replaced with boundless flow.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <PersonName>Franke, Anselm</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Outside Territory</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Stuart Elden</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>University of Warwick</Affiliation>
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            <Affiliation>Monash University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;What would it mean to be outside territory? I’m going to discuss this question in three registers: conceptually; historically; politically. The first two will be brief; the third literary.being outside territory conceptually Territory, for me, is actually quite a specific concept. If territo-ry extends from a room, a building, a group of them, to a campus, an urban area, a city, a region, a nation-state, and so on, it seems to me that the term becomes so general that it becomes not especially helpful. If we extend a human notion of “territory” to understand animals, as etholo-gists did in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, this may yield some fruitful insights. But it does not seem, to me, to be especially helpful then to take that notion of animal behavior, a notion of territoriality, of hunting and mating areas, to understand humans. Thus, for me, territoriality is a consequent no-tion to that of territory; not the means to understand it. Territoriality is one of a number of strategies that produce territory, but conceptually it succeeds it. Territoriality is that which produces territory. The latter term still needs conceptual unpacking. It does not seem especially helpful to understand ter-ritory simply as the outcome of territoriality.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;What would it mean to be outside territory? I’m going to discuss this question in three registers: conceptually; historically; politically. The first two will be brief; the third literary.being outside territory conceptually Territory, for me, is actually quite a specific concept. If territo-ry extends from a room, a building, a group of them, to a campus, an urban area, a city, a region, a nation-state, and so on, it seems to me that the term becomes so general that it becomes not especially helpful. If we extend a human notion of “territory” to understand animals, as etholo-gists did in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, this may yield some fruitful insights. But it does not seem, to me, to be especially helpful then to take that notion of animal behavior, a notion of territoriality, of hunting and mating areas, to understand humans. Thus, for me, territoriality is a consequent no-tion to that of territory; not the means to understand it. Territoriality is one of a number of strategies that produce territory, but conceptually it succeeds it. Territoriality is that which produces territory. The latter term still needs conceptual unpacking. It does not seem especially helpful to understand ter-ritory simply as the outcome of territoriality.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Where Has All The (Xeno)money Gone?</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Angus Cameron</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>University of Leicester</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The graph climbs steadily, business as usual, shares trading nor-mally almost up to the moment of collapse. Things start to dip a little as media reports proliferate, but nothing catastrophic. Then, suddenly on September 15, 2008, the graph drops like a stone — the point at which the global economy goes into free fall. This was the moment us Bank Lehman Brothers collapsed and became the first major casualty of the “credit-crunch.” Lehman did not cause the ensuing crisis single-handedly (though they cer-tainly did their bit), but their demise has nevertheless come to symbolize the collective insanity and ineptitude that gripped the financial markets and institutions at the time. In the days following the Lehman collapse we all learned more about “sub-prime markets,” “toxic debt” and “market correc-tion” than we’d ever wanted, and that us$ trillions had been “wiped” from the value of the global economy. That’s the disappearance everyone knows about.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The graph climbs steadily, business as usual, shares trading nor-mally almost up to the moment of collapse. Things start to dip a little as media reports proliferate, but nothing catastrophic. Then, suddenly on September 15, 2008, the graph drops like a stone — the point at which the global economy goes into free fall. This was the moment us Bank Lehman Brothers collapsed and became the first major casualty of the “credit-crunch.” Lehman did not cause the ensuing crisis single-handedly (though they cer-tainly did their bit), but their demise has nevertheless come to symbolize the collective insanity and ineptitude that gripped the financial markets and institutions at the time. In the days following the Lehman collapse we all learned more about “sub-prime markets,” “toxic debt” and “market correc-tion” than we’d ever wanted, and that us$ trillions had been “wiped” from the value of the global economy. That’s the disappearance everyone knows about.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Extraterritoriality, Diaspora, and the Space of Cyberspace</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Victoria Bernal</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The relationship of the Internet to territory is complex, contradictory, and chang-ing. Exploring the diverse and shifting ways that Eritreans in diaspora have used websites to partici-pate in national politics from outside the country sheds light on the dynamics of digital extraterritoriality and its significance for politics. At first cyberspace may be appear to be simply an extra-territorial space, where websites are constructed as spaces with no territorial location. A contributor to a recent volume on digital anthropology notes that, “few aspects of digital media, cyber-space or the network society are as commonly perceived as fundamental as its disembodying aspects, its placelessness and subordination of physical proximity to network connectivity.”1 At the same time it can be said that, “[a] cardinal rule of the geography is that social life takes place in ‘constructed’ spaces.”2 If we understand cyberspace as a constructed space, its significant feature is not its extraterritoriality but rather that the space of cyberspace is ambiguous and elastic, allowing it to support diverse constructions, alterna-tive imaginaries, and multiple forms of territoriality and extraterritoriality.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The relationship of the Internet to territory is complex, contradictory, and chang-ing. Exploring the diverse and shifting ways that Eritreans in diaspora have used websites to partici-pate in national politics from outside the country sheds light on the dynamics of digital extraterritoriality and its significance for politics. At first cyberspace may be appear to be simply an extra-territorial space, where websites are constructed as spaces with no territorial location. A contributor to a recent volume on digital anthropology notes that, “few aspects of digital media, cyber-space or the network society are as commonly perceived as fundamental as its disembodying aspects, its placelessness and subordination of physical proximity to network connectivity.”1 At the same time it can be said that, “[a] cardinal rule of the geography is that social life takes place in ‘constructed’ spaces.”2 If we understand cyberspace as a constructed space, its significant feature is not its extraterritoriality but rather that the space of cyberspace is ambiguous and elastic, allowing it to support diverse constructions, alterna-tive imaginaries, and multiple forms of territoriality and extraterritoriality.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <PersonName>Bernal, Victoria</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Extraterritorial Jurisdiction to Enforce in Cyberspace?</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Bodin, Schmitt, Grotius in Cyberspace</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Mireille Hildebrandt</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>Radboud University, Nijmegen</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;What is at stake if our justice authorities decide to hack a computer system that is physically located on a server outside the territory of the state they represent, for instance because a webbot was operated from that location,1causing serious harm to a variety of computing sys-tems in our own jurisdiction — harm that renders the perpetrator criminally liable under our own criminal law? How would we respond to Ukrainian, Chinese, Iranian, British, or Argentinian justice authorities that hack a computer system that is located within our own jurisdiction? Does it make a difference whether the hack by law enforcement authorities targets a dissident whose right to free speech is denied or a network disseminating child pornography? Should we evaluate such groping for extraordinary jurisdiction in terms of just ver-sus unjust causes (a bellum iustum privatum?) or is this about the Westphalian interplay of internal and external sovereignty? Might the attempt to extend or initiate extraterritorial jurisdiction-to-enforce be understood as an oc-cupatio, grounded in what Schmitt coined “a-legality,” or should we follow Grotius’s Mare Liberum and consider cyberspace to be a common good that requires us to reinvent natural law theory?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;What is at stake if our justice authorities decide to hack a computer system that is physically located on a server outside the territory of the state they represent, for instance because a webbot was operated from that location,1causing serious harm to a variety of computing sys-tems in our own jurisdiction — harm that renders the perpetrator criminally liable under our own criminal law? How would we respond to Ukrainian, Chinese, Iranian, British, or Argentinian justice authorities that hack a computer system that is located within our own jurisdiction? Does it make a difference whether the hack by law enforcement authorities targets a dissident whose right to free speech is denied or a network disseminating child pornography? Should we evaluate such groping for extraordinary jurisdiction in terms of just ver-sus unjust causes (a bellum iustum privatum?) or is this about the Westphalian interplay of internal and external sovereignty? Might the attempt to extend or initiate extraterritorial jurisdiction-to-enforce be understood as an oc-cupatio, grounded in what Schmitt coined “a-legality,” or should we follow Grotius’s Mare Liberum and consider cyberspace to be a common good that requires us to reinvent natural law theory?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <PersonName>Hildebrandt, Mireille</PersonName>
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            <TitleElementLevel>01</TitleElementLevel>
            <TitleText language="eng">The Rise of Legal Cosmopolitism</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Denationalization &amp; Territorialization of Law</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Julien Seroussi</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Interna-tional crimi-nal justice deals with a limited number of core crimes, which have a deep impact on the interna-tional community: genocide, crimes against humanity, and war crimes. All of these crimes are usually described as ordi-nary crimes committed in extraordinary circum-stances, which lawyers call contextual elements. If one takes the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (icc), a murder can amount to a crime against humanity if it’s committed as part of a widespread or systematic attack directed against a civilian population with knowledge of the attack pursuant of an organizational policy to commit such an attack.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Interna-tional crimi-nal justice deals with a limited number of core crimes, which have a deep impact on the interna-tional community: genocide, crimes against humanity, and war crimes. All of these crimes are usually described as ordi-nary crimes committed in extraordinary circum-stances, which lawyers call contextual elements. If one takes the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (icc), a murder can amount to a crime against humanity if it’s committed as part of a widespread or systematic attack directed against a civilian population with knowledge of the attack pursuant of an organizational policy to commit such an attack.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Extraterritorial State Action in the Global Interest</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">The Promise of Unilateralism</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Cedric Ryngaert</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>Utrecht University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Ad-vocates of “global justice” or “cosmopolitanism” propound that ethical duties are universal, and apply regardless of nationality, citizenship, race etc. In pure cosmo-politanism, individuals owe ethical duties towards other individuals who are worse off, wherever on earth they may be. Individual agency is not particularly practical, however. Therefore, global justice advocates have proposed to mediate individuals’ ethical duties via institutions, in particular international (gov-ernmental) organizations.1 In this institutional view, international organizations ought to be oriented towards furthering cosmopolitan ideals and tackling collective action problems, such as protecting human rights and the environment, guaranteeing collective security, and ensuring distributive justice, in particular alleviating world poverty.2 Some such in-stitutions, such as the United Nations, have been duly created. But because of design faults, political unwillingness, or resource limits, they have not been able to deliver on the promises they initially held: human rights are still trampled on, corruption remains rampant, and global warming contin-ues unabated.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <ContentAudience>00</ContentAudience>
          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Ad-vocates of “global justice” or “cosmopolitanism” propound that ethical duties are universal, and apply regardless of nationality, citizenship, race etc. In pure cosmo-politanism, individuals owe ethical duties towards other individuals who are worse off, wherever on earth they may be. Individual agency is not particularly practical, however. Therefore, global justice advocates have proposed to mediate individuals’ ethical duties via institutions, in particular international (gov-ernmental) organizations.1 In this institutional view, international organizations ought to be oriented towards furthering cosmopolitan ideals and tackling collective action problems, such as protecting human rights and the environment, guaranteeing collective security, and ensuring distributive justice, in particular alleviating world poverty.2 Some such in-stitutions, such as the United Nations, have been duly created. But because of design faults, political unwillingness, or resource limits, they have not been able to deliver on the promises they initially held: human rights are still trampled on, corruption remains rampant, and global warming contin-ues unabated.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <PersonName>Ryngaert, Cedric</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Franz Kafka</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Extraterritorial Criminal Law</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Ed Morgan</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>University of Toronto</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;It is common wisdom for international lawyers to consider the emergence of a political entity from colonial or dominion status to independence and sovereignty to connote full participation in the international legal system,1with all the rights and obligations that thereby attach.2 Thus, for example, while English colonies prior to independence could exercise substantial self-government they did not possess international legal personality3 and could not exploit or regulate their resources and territory without some act of delegation from the imperial government.4 Likewise, provinces and states, as federal sub-units, typically lack the competence to legislate extraterritori-ally5 or to exhibit other external badges of sovereignty.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;It is common wisdom for international lawyers to consider the emergence of a political entity from colonial or dominion status to independence and sovereignty to connote full participation in the international legal system,1with all the rights and obligations that thereby attach.2 Thus, for example, while English colonies prior to independence could exercise substantial self-government they did not possess international legal personality3 and could not exploit or regulate their resources and territory without some act of delegation from the imperial government.4 Likewise, provinces and states, as federal sub-units, typically lack the competence to legislate extraterritori-ally5 or to exhibit other external badges of sovereignty.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Morgan, Ed</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">The Extraterritorial Life of Siegfried Kracauer</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Martin Jay</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>University of California, Berkeley</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;On February 8, 1889, Siegfried Kracauer was born in Frankfurt am Main, the son of a businessman, Adolf K. Kracauer and his wife, the for-mer Rosette Oppenheim; he died sev-enty-seven years later in New York City on November 26, 1966. For any normal biography, this bracketing of a life between two chronological points is a natural and unexamined beginning. For a biography of Kracauer, however, it constitutes a betrayal of the strongest taboo of his later life, a taboo he expressed in a series of letters deliberately set aside in his well-organized Nachlaß1to give any future biographer pause. These letters, written in the 1960swhen Kracauer was consumed by his final project on the philosophy of his-tory, were filed under the heading of “extra-territoriality.” In all of them, Kra-cauer vehemently opposed any effort to disclose his correct age, a campaign, as he surely must have known, which could only meet with temporary suc-cess.2 His reason for waging it, despite the certainty of ultimate failure, tran-scended the petty vanity of those who refuse to age gracefully. As he wrote to his friend Theodor W. Adorno in 1963: “It is not as if there is something for me in appearing young or younger; it is simply the horror of losing chronological anonymity through the fixating of a date and the unavoidable con-notations of such a fixation.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;On February 8, 1889, Siegfried Kracauer was born in Frankfurt am Main, the son of a businessman, Adolf K. Kracauer and his wife, the for-mer Rosette Oppenheim; he died sev-enty-seven years later in New York City on November 26, 1966. For any normal biography, this bracketing of a life between two chronological points is a natural and unexamined beginning. For a biography of Kracauer, however, it constitutes a betrayal of the strongest taboo of his later life, a taboo he expressed in a series of letters deliberately set aside in his well-organized Nachlaß1to give any future biographer pause. These letters, written in the 1960swhen Kracauer was consumed by his final project on the philosophy of his-tory, were filed under the heading of “extra-territoriality.” In all of them, Kra-cauer vehemently opposed any effort to disclose his correct age, a campaign, as he surely must have known, which could only meet with temporary suc-cess.2 His reason for waging it, despite the certainty of ultimate failure, tran-scended the petty vanity of those who refuse to age gracefully. As he wrote to his friend Theodor W. Adorno in 1963: “It is not as if there is something for me in appearing young or younger; it is simply the horror of losing chronological anonymity through the fixating of a date and the unavoidable con-notations of such a fixation.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <PersonName>Jay, Martin</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">The Extraterritorial Poetics of W.G. Sebald</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Matthew Hart</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>Columbia University</Affiliation>
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          <PersonName>Tania Lown-Hecht</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The word ex-traterritoriality is as multivalent as the space it describes. It is a legal coinage signifying personal immunity from local laws, the borderless space of the free seas, and a state’s power to extend jurisdic-tion across borders; recently, it has also become a key concept in philosophical debates about what Giorgio Agamben calls the “state of exception as a para-digm of government.”1 More broadly, extraterritoriality has begun to figure as the object of cultural meditations on the rela-tion between subjection and autonomy, stasis and movement, and exile and belonging — a discourse that has implications for intellectuals in many fields but has so far been most prominent in architectural studies.2Yet with few exceptions, literary critics have not engaged with it — and when they have, extraterritoriality has generally been mistaken as synonymous with a state of multilingual plenitude and postnational migrancy.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The word ex-traterritoriality is as multivalent as the space it describes. It is a legal coinage signifying personal immunity from local laws, the borderless space of the free seas, and a state’s power to extend jurisdic-tion across borders; recently, it has also become a key concept in philosophical debates about what Giorgio Agamben calls the “state of exception as a para-digm of government.”1 More broadly, extraterritoriality has begun to figure as the object of cultural meditations on the rela-tion between subjection and autonomy, stasis and movement, and exile and belonging — a discourse that has implications for intellectuals in many fields but has so far been most prominent in architectural studies.2Yet with few exceptions, literary critics have not engaged with it — and when they have, extraterritoriality has generally been mistaken as synonymous with a state of multilingual plenitude and postnational migrancy.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Hart, Matthew</PersonName>
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            <PersonName>Lown-Hecht, Tania</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">The World and The Home</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Homi K. Bhabha</PersonName>
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          <KeyNames>Bhabha</KeyNames>
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            <Affiliation>Harvard University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In the House of Fiction you can hear, today, the deep stirring of the “unhome-ly.” You must permit me this awkward word — the unhome-ly — because it captures something of the estranging sense of the relocation of the home and the world in an unhallowed place. To be unhomed is not to be homeless, nor can the “unhomely” be easily accommodated in that familiar division of social life into private and the public spheres. The unhomely moment creeps up on you stealthily as your own shadow and suddenly you find yourself with Henry James’s Isabel Archer “taking the measure of your dwelling” in a state of “incredulous terror.”1 And it is at this point that the world first shrinks for Isabel and then expands enormously. As she struggles to survive the fathom-less waters, the rushing torrents, James introduces us to the “unhomeliness” inherent in that rite of “extra-territorial” initiation — the relations between the innocent American, the deep, dissembling European, the masked emi-gré — that a generation of critics have named his “international theme.” In a feverish stillness, the intimate recesses of the domestic space become sites for history’s most intricate invasions. In that displacement the border be- tween home and world becomes confused; and, uncannily, the private and the public become part of each other, forcing upon us a vision that is as di-vided as it is disorienting.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In the House of Fiction you can hear, today, the deep stirring of the “unhome-ly.” You must permit me this awkward word — the unhome-ly — because it captures something of the estranging sense of the relocation of the home and the world in an unhallowed place. To be unhomed is not to be homeless, nor can the “unhomely” be easily accommodated in that familiar division of social life into private and the public spheres. The unhomely moment creeps up on you stealthily as your own shadow and suddenly you find yourself with Henry James’s Isabel Archer “taking the measure of your dwelling” in a state of “incredulous terror.”1 And it is at this point that the world first shrinks for Isabel and then expands enormously. As she struggles to survive the fathom-less waters, the rushing torrents, James introduces us to the “unhomeliness” inherent in that rite of “extra-territorial” initiation — the relations between the innocent American, the deep, dissembling European, the masked emi-gré — that a generation of critics have named his “international theme.” In a feverish stillness, the intimate recesses of the domestic space become sites for history’s most intricate invasions. In that displacement the border be- tween home and world becomes confused; and, uncannily, the private and the public become part of each other, forcing upon us a vision that is as di-vided as it is disorienting.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Bhabha, Homi K.</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Homeless Images</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Kracauer's Extraterritoriality, Derrida's Monolingualism of the Other</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Gerhard Richter</PersonName>
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              <IDValue>05gq02987</IDValue>
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            <Affiliation>Brown University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;If it has a home at all, the proper home of the image, and even the thought-image or Denkbild, is homelessness. Never fully itself, the image remains at odds both with itself and with the referen-tial burden that it is expected to carry. In its iterability, the image, which threatens to be divorced from referential functions such as time and space, tells of distance, absence, and loss, of exile and diasporic dispersal. It tells, in other words, of the states that make the image what it is and that relates it to all other images. The demand that an image can be of something and that it faithfully and reliably represent that something, on the one hand, and the inevitably unpredictable ways in which an image fails to comply with that demand, on the other hand, sponsor a melancholia that is shared by all im-ages, even as it cannot travel through the structural and historical specificity of a singular image. The image records a historical moment at the same time that it interrupts history, perpetuating the very thinkability of history even as it breaks with the logic of historical unfolding. As the site of multiple dis-placements, the image is historical when it tells us of its own departure from history, capturing time most fully when it removes itself from time, the way in which, for instance, a snapshot memorializes time by stepping outside the temporal flow. Because an image can never fully represent, that is, present once again in exactly the same way, the vast network of traces and meanings that it first sets out to arrest, it performs an Aufhebung that simultaneously preserves and cancels the event that was once its subject. In this double ges-ture, the image both forestalls and commemorates loss by recording a mo-ment, documenting its constitutive inevitability, and making it visible as the loss that it always already was. That is to say, the image reveals the ways in which an assumed presence already was a fiction at the time when it was be-lieved to be present. We even could say that rather than simply representing its subject, the image retroactively makes visible the absence that already lay at the core of the event it set out to record.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;If it has a home at all, the proper home of the image, and even the thought-image or Denkbild, is homelessness. Never fully itself, the image remains at odds both with itself and with the referen-tial burden that it is expected to carry. In its iterability, the image, which threatens to be divorced from referential functions such as time and space, tells of distance, absence, and loss, of exile and diasporic dispersal. It tells, in other words, of the states that make the image what it is and that relates it to all other images. The demand that an image can be of something and that it faithfully and reliably represent that something, on the one hand, and the inevitably unpredictable ways in which an image fails to comply with that demand, on the other hand, sponsor a melancholia that is shared by all im-ages, even as it cannot travel through the structural and historical specificity of a singular image. The image records a historical moment at the same time that it interrupts history, perpetuating the very thinkability of history even as it breaks with the logic of historical unfolding. As the site of multiple dis-placements, the image is historical when it tells us of its own departure from history, capturing time most fully when it removes itself from time, the way in which, for instance, a snapshot memorializes time by stepping outside the temporal flow. Because an image can never fully represent, that is, present once again in exactly the same way, the vast network of traces and meanings that it first sets out to arrest, it performs an Aufhebung that simultaneously preserves and cancels the event that was once its subject. In this double ges-ture, the image both forestalls and commemorates loss by recording a mo-ment, documenting its constitutive inevitability, and making it visible as the loss that it always already was. That is to say, the image reveals the ways in which an assumed presence already was a fiction at the time when it was be-lieved to be present. We even could say that rather than simply representing its subject, the image retroactively makes visible the absence that already lay at the core of the event it set out to record.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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          <CopyrightOwner>
            <PersonName>Richter, Gerhard</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">The Outer World and Inner Speech</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Bakhtin, Vygotsky, and the Internalization of Language</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Caryl Emerson</PersonName>
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              <AffiliationIDType>40</AffiliationIDType>
              <IDValue>00hx57361</IDValue>
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            <Affiliation>Princeton University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In this statement from The Order of Things, Michel Foucault speaks of the nine-teenth-century revolution in linguistics that, in effect, rediscovered language and made it the object of systematic study in its own right. Language, no longer seen as a transparent medium, was granted “its own particular density [...] and laws of its own.” Yet it is not self-evident how we are made more free by understanding that words are not just a repository of knowledge. The density of language is a troublesome postulate. That postulate, according to Foucault, raises difficult epistemological problems and presents theorists with a choice:The critical elevation of language, which was a compensation for its sub-sidence within the object, implied that it had been brought nearer both to an act of knowing, pure of all words, and to the unconscious element in our discourse. It had to be either made transparent to the forms of knowl-edge, or thrust down into the contents of the unconscious.2The debate on the status of language has been enormous and subtle, but it would seem that these two poles described by Foucault remain constantly in effect. Language is, on the one hand, a transparent medium from which to deduce a metalanguage and on which to build statistical and mechanical models, or language is, on the other hand, a product of the individual psyche and ultimately subject to psychic transformation, to what Foucault calls “dim mechanisms, faceless determinations, a whole landscape of shadow.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In this statement from The Order of Things, Michel Foucault speaks of the nine-teenth-century revolution in linguistics that, in effect, rediscovered language and made it the object of systematic study in its own right. Language, no longer seen as a transparent medium, was granted “its own particular density [...] and laws of its own.” Yet it is not self-evident how we are made more free by understanding that words are not just a repository of knowledge. The density of language is a troublesome postulate. That postulate, according to Foucault, raises difficult epistemological problems and presents theorists with a choice:The critical elevation of language, which was a compensation for its sub-sidence within the object, implied that it had been brought nearer both to an act of knowing, pure of all words, and to the unconscious element in our discourse. It had to be either made transparent to the forms of knowl-edge, or thrust down into the contents of the unconscious.2The debate on the status of language has been enormous and subtle, but it would seem that these two poles described by Foucault remain constantly in effect. Language is, on the one hand, a transparent medium from which to deduce a metalanguage and on which to build statistical and mechanical models, or language is, on the other hand, a product of the individual psyche and ultimately subject to psychic transformation, to what Foucault calls “dim mechanisms, faceless determinations, a whole landscape of shadow.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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          <CopyrightOwner>
            <PersonName>Emerson, Caryl </PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Valéry Proust Museum</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Theodor W. Adorno</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The Ger-man word, museal (“museum-like”), has unpleasant overtones. It describes ob-jects to which the observer no longer has a vital relationship and which are in the process of dying. They owe their preservation more to historical respect, than to the needs of the present. Museum and mausoleum are connected by more than phonetic association. Museums are like family sepulchers of works of art. They testify to the neutralization of culture. Art treasures are hoarded in them, and their market value leaves no room for pleasure of looking at them. Nevertheless, that pleasure is dependent on the existence of museums. Anyone who does not have his own collection (and the great private collections are becoming rare) can, for the most part, become familiar with painting and sculpture only in museums. When dis-content with museums is strong enough to provoke the attempt to exhibit paintings in their original surroundings or in ones similar, in baroque or rococo castles, for instance, the result is even more distressing than when the works are wrenched from their original surroundings, and then brought together. Sensibility wrecks even more havoc with art than does the hodge-podge of collections. With music, the situation is analogous. The programs of large concert societies, generally retrospective in orientation, have continu-ally more in common with museums, while Mozart performed by candle-light is degraded to a costume piece. In efforts to retrieve music from remote-ness of the performance and to put it to immediate context of life there is not only something ineffectual but  also a tinge of industriously regressive spite. When some well-intentioned persons advised Mahler to darken the hall during the concert for the sake of the mood, the composer rightly replied that a performance at which one didn’t forget about the surroundings was worthless. Such problems reveal something about the fatal situation of what is called “the cultural tradition.” Once tradition is no longer animated by a comprehensive substantial force, but has to be conjured up by means of cita-tions, because “It’s important to have tradition,” then whatever happens to be left of it is dissolved into a means to an end. An exhibition of applied art only makes a mockery of what it pretends to conserve. Anyone who thinks that art can be reproduced in its original form through an act of will is trapped in hopeless romanticism. Modernizing the past does it much violence and lit-tle good. But, to renounce radically the possibility of experiencing the tradi-tion would be to capitulate to barbarism out of devotion to culture. That the world is out of joint is shown everywhere, in the fact that however a problem is solved, the solution is false.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The Ger-man word, museal (“museum-like”), has unpleasant overtones. It describes ob-jects to which the observer no longer has a vital relationship and which are in the process of dying. They owe their preservation more to historical respect, than to the needs of the present. Museum and mausoleum are connected by more than phonetic association. Museums are like family sepulchers of works of art. They testify to the neutralization of culture. Art treasures are hoarded in them, and their market value leaves no room for pleasure of looking at them. Nevertheless, that pleasure is dependent on the existence of museums. Anyone who does not have his own collection (and the great private collections are becoming rare) can, for the most part, become familiar with painting and sculpture only in museums. When dis-content with museums is strong enough to provoke the attempt to exhibit paintings in their original surroundings or in ones similar, in baroque or rococo castles, for instance, the result is even more distressing than when the works are wrenched from their original surroundings, and then brought together. Sensibility wrecks even more havoc with art than does the hodge-podge of collections. With music, the situation is analogous. The programs of large concert societies, generally retrospective in orientation, have continu-ally more in common with museums, while Mozart performed by candle-light is degraded to a costume piece. In efforts to retrieve music from remote-ness of the performance and to put it to immediate context of life there is not only something ineffectual but  also a tinge of industriously regressive spite. When some well-intentioned persons advised Mahler to darken the hall during the concert for the sake of the mood, the composer rightly replied that a performance at which one didn’t forget about the surroundings was worthless. Such problems reveal something about the fatal situation of what is called “the cultural tradition.” Once tradition is no longer animated by a comprehensive substantial force, but has to be conjured up by means of cita-tions, because “It’s important to have tradition,” then whatever happens to be left of it is dissolved into a means to an end. An exhibition of applied art only makes a mockery of what it pretends to conserve. Anyone who thinks that art can be reproduced in its original form through an act of will is trapped in hopeless romanticism. Modernizing the past does it much violence and lit-tle good. But, to renounce radically the possibility of experiencing the tradi-tion would be to capitulate to barbarism out of devotion to culture. That the world is out of joint is shown everywhere, in the fact that however a problem is solved, the solution is false.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Adorno, Theodor W.</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Subspatial and Subtemporal</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Graham Harman</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Graham</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Harman</KeyNames>
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              <AffiliationIDType>40</AffiliationIDType>
              <IDValue>0176yqn58</IDValue>
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            <Affiliation>American University in Cairo</Affiliation>
          </ProfessionalAffiliation>
          <ProfessionalAffiliation>
            <AffiliationIdentifier>
              <AffiliationIDType>40</AffiliationIDType>
              <IDValue>02xsn7259</IDValue>
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            <Affiliation>Southern California Institute of Architecture</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Perhaps the most famous debate about space and time in the entire history of philosophy occurred in the Leibniz–Clarke correspondence of 1715–1716.1 The English clergyman Samuel Clarke, acting as a surrogate for his friend Isaac Newton, made the case for space and time as absolute, empty containers in which objects reside and events unfold. The great German phi-losopher and polymath Leibniz countered that it is mean-ingless to ask whether the universe could have been created ten minutes earlier than it was, or forty meters further to the west than it was; there is no external spatial or temporal measuring stick that would allow us to claim that everything has been moved as a whole. Instead, space and time for Leibniz emerge from the relations between entities, thus paving the way for Einstein’s breakthrough nearly two centuries later.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Perhaps the most famous debate about space and time in the entire history of philosophy occurred in the Leibniz–Clarke correspondence of 1715–1716.1 The English clergyman Samuel Clarke, acting as a surrogate for his friend Isaac Newton, made the case for space and time as absolute, empty containers in which objects reside and events unfold. The great German phi-losopher and polymath Leibniz countered that it is mean-ingless to ask whether the universe could have been created ten minutes earlier than it was, or forty meters further to the west than it was; there is no external spatial or temporal measuring stick that would allow us to claim that everything has been moved as a whole. Instead, space and time for Leibniz emerge from the relations between entities, thus paving the way for Einstein’s breakthrough nearly two centuries later.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <PersonName>Harman, Graham </PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Backmatter</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Maayan Amir</PersonName>
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          <KeyNames>Amir</KeyNames>
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          <PersonName>Ruti Sela</PersonName>
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            <PersonName>Maayan Amir, Ruti Sela</PersonName>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The concept of extraterritoriality designates certain relationships between space, law, and representation. This collection of essays explores contemporary manifestations of extraterritoriality and the diverse ways in which the concept has been put to use in various disciplines. Some of the essays were written especially for this volume; others are brought here together for the first time. The inquiry into extraterritoriality found in these essays is not confined to the established boundaries of political, conceptual, and representational territories or fields of knowledge; rather, it is an invitation to navigate the margins of the legal–juridical and the political, but also the edges of forms of representation and poetics.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Within its accepted legal and political contexts, the concept of extraterritoriality has traditionally been applied to people and to spaces. In the first case, extraterritorial arrangements could either exclude or exempt an individual or a group of people from the territorial jurisdiction in which they were physically located; in the second, such arrangements could exempt or exclude a space from the territorial jurisdiction by which it was surrounded. The special status accorded to people and spaces had political, economic, and juridical implications, ranging from immunity and various privileges to extreme disadvantages. In both cases, a person or a space physically included within a certain territory was removed from the usual system of laws and subjected to another. In other words, the extraterritorial person or space was held at what could be described as a legal distance. (In this respect, the concept of extraterritoriality presupposes the existence of several competing or overlapping legal systems.) It is this notion of being held at a legal distance around which the concept of extraterritoriality may be understood as revolving.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This volume is a part of Amir and Sela’s Exterritory Project, an ongoing art project that wishes to encourage both the theoretical and practical exploration of ideas concerning extraterritoriality in an interdisciplinary context. The project aims not only to draw on existing definitions of extraterritoriality but seeks also to charge it with new meanings, searching for ways in which the notion of extraterritoriality could produce a critique of discriminating power structures and re-articulate new practical, conceptual, and poetical possibilities.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The rights claimed under the title rights of man, in the rigorous and almost technical sense which that expres-sion has taken on since the eighteenth century — the right to respect for the human dignity of the individual, the rights to life, liberty, and equality before the law for all men — are based on an original sense of the right, or the sense of an original right. And this is the case, independently of the chronology of the causes, the psychological and social processes and the contingent variations of the rise of these rights to the light of thought. For today’s way of thinking, these rights are more legitimate than any legislation, morethan just any justification. They are probably, however complex their appli-cation to legal phenomena may be, the measure of all law and, no doubt, of its ethics. The rights of man are, in any case, one of the law’s latent principles, whose voice — sometimes loud, sometimes muffled by reality’s necessities, sometimes interrupting and shattering them — can be heard throughout his-tory, ever since the first stirrings of consciousness, ever since Mankind.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The rights claimed under the title rights of man, in the rigorous and almost technical sense which that expres-sion has taken on since the eighteenth century — the right to respect for the human dignity of the individual, the rights to life, liberty, and equality before the law for all men — are based on an original sense of the right, or the sense of an original right. And this is the case, independently of the chronology of the causes, the psychological and social processes and the contingent variations of the rise of these rights to the light of thought. For today’s way of thinking, these rights are more legitimate than any legislation, morethan just any justification. They are probably, however complex their appli-cation to legal phenomena may be, the measure of all law and, no doubt, of its ethics. The rights of man are, in any case, one of the law’s latent principles, whose voice — sometimes loud, sometimes muffled by reality’s necessities, sometimes interrupting and shattering them — can be heard throughout his-tory, ever since the first stirrings of consciousness, ever since Mankind.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In his preface to Beyond the Verse,written in 1981, Emmanuel Levinas poses the following provocative question: “Can democracy and the ‘rights of man’ divorce themselves without danger from their prophetic and ethical depth?”1 The question is clearly in-tended to threaten the comfortable consensus that has gathered around these icons of our time and, more specifically, to displace what have come to be known under the title the “rights of man” from the context of the European Enlightenment with which they are so often identified. Levinas per-forms this act of displacement in the first instance by relocating them within the tradition of the Jewish prophets. However, this effort ultimately leads him to a more radical displacement, one that amounts to a certain re-placing of them, a relocating of them elsewhere altogether. What does that mean? What are its implications for the doctrine of the “rights of man”?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">The World Inhospitable to Levinas</TitleText>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;All great thinkers cre-ate powerful con-cepts and /or images of their own but as a rule design them together with a complete universe to accom-modate them and infuse them with sense. For Emmanuel Levinas, the world he constructed was “the moral party of two,” which was self-consciously a utopia in both of its inseparable senses (i.e., of no place and good place). The moral party of two was the primal scene of morality, the test-tube in which moral selves germinate and sprout. It was also the only stage on which such selves could play themselves, i.e., as moral beings, instead of playing scripted roles and reciting someone else’s lines. The primal scene of morality is the realm of the face-to-face, of the tremendous encounter with the Other as a Face.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;All great thinkers cre-ate powerful con-cepts and /or images of their own but as a rule design them together with a complete universe to accom-modate them and infuse them with sense. For Emmanuel Levinas, the world he constructed was “the moral party of two,” which was self-consciously a utopia in both of its inseparable senses (i.e., of no place and good place). The moral party of two was the primal scene of morality, the test-tube in which moral selves germinate and sprout. It was also the only stage on which such selves could play themselves, i.e., as moral beings, instead of playing scripted roles and reciting someone else’s lines. The primal scene of morality is the realm of the face-to-face, of the tremendous encounter with the Other as a Face.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Authentic Thinking and Phenomenological Method</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Steven Galt Crowell</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;At no time since its “breakthrough” in Edmund Husserl’s Logische Untersuchungen (1900–1) has phenomenology been absent from the world’s philosophical stage, but today there are remarkable signs of the continuing vitality of this philosophical approach. It thus seems appropriate to ask just what it is that makes phenomenology a distinctive way of philosophizing. And with its centenary year recently behind us, it is also appropriate that this question be posed to the Logical Investigations, a work that Robert Sokolowski has described as “literally a new beginning” since what Husserl started here “cannot be considered as continuing a tradition that had taken shape before him.”1 Just what was the breakthrough that oc-curred in the Logical Investigations, and what claim does it have on us today? These questions matter not only because they are important for Husserl scholarship, but because they are much disputed now, and upon their an-swer depend our expectations of what phenomenological philosophy can ac-complish, and what, if anything, lies beyond its scope. For if there is renewed interest in phenomenology today, this has brought with it — or is it the con-sequence of? — a tendency to inflate the very concept of phenomenology. Today the borders between phenomenological philosophy, metaphysical speculation, and neo-Kantian construction show signs of collapsing. One reason for this is clear enough: the ascetic, anti-metaphysical “positivism” of Husserl’s early writing belongs to a cultural and philosophical milieu that is no longer our own, and if its residue cannot be excised from the phenomeno-logical program, that program will be felt by some to be too restrictive. Yet Dominique Janicaud seems to speak well when he says that “[p]henomenol-ogy is not all philosophy. It has nothing to win [...] by an overestimation of its possibilities.”2 Must a renewal of phenomenology involve its overestimation?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;At no time since its “breakthrough” in Edmund Husserl’s Logische Untersuchungen (1900–1) has phenomenology been absent from the world’s philosophical stage, but today there are remarkable signs of the continuing vitality of this philosophical approach. It thus seems appropriate to ask just what it is that makes phenomenology a distinctive way of philosophizing. And with its centenary year recently behind us, it is also appropriate that this question be posed to the Logical Investigations, a work that Robert Sokolowski has described as “literally a new beginning” since what Husserl started here “cannot be considered as continuing a tradition that had taken shape before him.”1 Just what was the breakthrough that oc-curred in the Logical Investigations, and what claim does it have on us today? These questions matter not only because they are important for Husserl scholarship, but because they are much disputed now, and upon their an-swer depend our expectations of what phenomenological philosophy can ac-complish, and what, if anything, lies beyond its scope. For if there is renewed interest in phenomenology today, this has brought with it — or is it the con-sequence of? — a tendency to inflate the very concept of phenomenology. Today the borders between phenomenological philosophy, metaphysical speculation, and neo-Kantian construction show signs of collapsing. One reason for this is clear enough: the ascetic, anti-metaphysical “positivism” of Husserl’s early writing belongs to a cultural and philosophical milieu that is no longer our own, and if its residue cannot be excised from the phenomeno-logical program, that program will be felt by some to be too restrictive. Yet Dominique Janicaud seems to speak well when he says that “[p]henomenol-ogy is not all philosophy. It has nothing to win [...] by an overestimation of its possibilities.”2 Must a renewal of phenomenology involve its overestimation?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Beyond Human Rights</TitleText>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In 1943, Hannah Arendt pub-lished an article titled “We Refugees” in a small English-language Jewish publication, the Menorah Journal. At the end of this brief but significant piece of writing, after having polemi-cally sketched the portrait of Mr. Cohn, the assimilated Jew who, after having been 150 percent German, 150 percent Viennese, 150 percent French, must bitterly realize in the end that “on ne parvient pas deux fois,” she turns the condition of countryless refugee — a condition which she herself was living — upside down in order to present it as the paradigm of a new historical consciousness. The refugees who have lost all rights and who, however, no longer want to be assimilated at all costs in a new national identity, but want instead to contemplate lu-cidly their condition, receive in exchange for assured unpopularity a price-less advantage. “History is no longer a closed book to them and politics is no longer the privilege of Gentiles. They know that the outlawing of the Jewish people of Europe has been followed closely by the outlawing of most Europe-an nations. Refugees driven from country to country represent the vanguard of their peoples.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In 1943, Hannah Arendt pub-lished an article titled “We Refugees” in a small English-language Jewish publication, the Menorah Journal. At the end of this brief but significant piece of writing, after having polemi-cally sketched the portrait of Mr. Cohn, the assimilated Jew who, after having been 150 percent German, 150 percent Viennese, 150 percent French, must bitterly realize in the end that “on ne parvient pas deux fois,” she turns the condition of countryless refugee — a condition which she herself was living — upside down in order to present it as the paradigm of a new historical consciousness. The refugees who have lost all rights and who, however, no longer want to be assimilated at all costs in a new national identity, but want instead to contemplate lu-cidly their condition, receive in exchange for assured unpopularity a price-less advantage. “History is no longer a closed book to them and politics is no longer the privilege of Gentiles. They know that the outlawing of the Jewish people of Europe has been followed closely by the outlawing of most Europe-an nations. Refugees driven from country to country represent the vanguard of their peoples.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">"Islands"</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">The Geography of Extraterritoriality</Subtitle>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;We were told that geo-politics is the great play of power across a solid continuous Euclid-ian surface. Cut apart by linear borders, the state system — a territori-ally based juridical formation — appeared to dominate all forms of sovereignty over individu-als and action. Later we began to imagine all solid national spaces were melting into a single smooth ocean of ever-present connectivity. We assumed borders were replaced with bureaucracies, issues with concepts, and that regulation was replaced with boundless flow.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;We were told that geo-politics is the great play of power across a solid continuous Euclid-ian surface. Cut apart by linear borders, the state system — a territori-ally based juridical formation — appeared to dominate all forms of sovereignty over individu-als and action. Later we began to imagine all solid national spaces were melting into a single smooth ocean of ever-present connectivity. We assumed borders were replaced with bureaucracies, issues with concepts, and that regulation was replaced with boundless flow.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Outside Territory</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Stuart Elden</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>Monash University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;What would it mean to be outside territory? I’m going to discuss this question in three registers: conceptually; historically; politically. The first two will be brief; the third literary.being outside territory conceptually Territory, for me, is actually quite a specific concept. If territo-ry extends from a room, a building, a group of them, to a campus, an urban area, a city, a region, a nation-state, and so on, it seems to me that the term becomes so general that it becomes not especially helpful. If we extend a human notion of “territory” to understand animals, as etholo-gists did in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, this may yield some fruitful insights. But it does not seem, to me, to be especially helpful then to take that notion of animal behavior, a notion of territoriality, of hunting and mating areas, to understand humans. Thus, for me, territoriality is a consequent no-tion to that of territory; not the means to understand it. Territoriality is one of a number of strategies that produce territory, but conceptually it succeeds it. Territoriality is that which produces territory. The latter term still needs conceptual unpacking. It does not seem especially helpful to understand ter-ritory simply as the outcome of territoriality.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;What would it mean to be outside territory? I’m going to discuss this question in three registers: conceptually; historically; politically. The first two will be brief; the third literary.being outside territory conceptually Territory, for me, is actually quite a specific concept. If territo-ry extends from a room, a building, a group of them, to a campus, an urban area, a city, a region, a nation-state, and so on, it seems to me that the term becomes so general that it becomes not especially helpful. If we extend a human notion of “territory” to understand animals, as etholo-gists did in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, this may yield some fruitful insights. But it does not seem, to me, to be especially helpful then to take that notion of animal behavior, a notion of territoriality, of hunting and mating areas, to understand humans. Thus, for me, territoriality is a consequent no-tion to that of territory; not the means to understand it. Territoriality is one of a number of strategies that produce territory, but conceptually it succeeds it. Territoriality is that which produces territory. The latter term still needs conceptual unpacking. It does not seem especially helpful to understand ter-ritory simply as the outcome of territoriality.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Where Has All The (Xeno)money Gone?</TitleText>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The graph climbs steadily, business as usual, shares trading nor-mally almost up to the moment of collapse. Things start to dip a little as media reports proliferate, but nothing catastrophic. Then, suddenly on September 15, 2008, the graph drops like a stone — the point at which the global economy goes into free fall. This was the moment us Bank Lehman Brothers collapsed and became the first major casualty of the “credit-crunch.” Lehman did not cause the ensuing crisis single-handedly (though they cer-tainly did their bit), but their demise has nevertheless come to symbolize the collective insanity and ineptitude that gripped the financial markets and institutions at the time. In the days following the Lehman collapse we all learned more about “sub-prime markets,” “toxic debt” and “market correc-tion” than we’d ever wanted, and that us$ trillions had been “wiped” from the value of the global economy. That’s the disappearance everyone knows about.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The graph climbs steadily, business as usual, shares trading nor-mally almost up to the moment of collapse. Things start to dip a little as media reports proliferate, but nothing catastrophic. Then, suddenly on September 15, 2008, the graph drops like a stone — the point at which the global economy goes into free fall. This was the moment us Bank Lehman Brothers collapsed and became the first major casualty of the “credit-crunch.” Lehman did not cause the ensuing crisis single-handedly (though they cer-tainly did their bit), but their demise has nevertheless come to symbolize the collective insanity and ineptitude that gripped the financial markets and institutions at the time. In the days following the Lehman collapse we all learned more about “sub-prime markets,” “toxic debt” and “market correc-tion” than we’d ever wanted, and that us$ trillions had been “wiped” from the value of the global economy. That’s the disappearance everyone knows about.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Extraterritoriality, Diaspora, and the Space of Cyberspace</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Victoria Bernal</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>University of California, Irvine</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The relationship of the Internet to territory is complex, contradictory, and chang-ing. Exploring the diverse and shifting ways that Eritreans in diaspora have used websites to partici-pate in national politics from outside the country sheds light on the dynamics of digital extraterritoriality and its significance for politics. At first cyberspace may be appear to be simply an extra-territorial space, where websites are constructed as spaces with no territorial location. A contributor to a recent volume on digital anthropology notes that, “few aspects of digital media, cyber-space or the network society are as commonly perceived as fundamental as its disembodying aspects, its placelessness and subordination of physical proximity to network connectivity.”1 At the same time it can be said that, “[a] cardinal rule of the geography is that social life takes place in ‘constructed’ spaces.”2 If we understand cyberspace as a constructed space, its significant feature is not its extraterritoriality but rather that the space of cyberspace is ambiguous and elastic, allowing it to support diverse constructions, alterna-tive imaginaries, and multiple forms of territoriality and extraterritoriality.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The relationship of the Internet to territory is complex, contradictory, and chang-ing. Exploring the diverse and shifting ways that Eritreans in diaspora have used websites to partici-pate in national politics from outside the country sheds light on the dynamics of digital extraterritoriality and its significance for politics. At first cyberspace may be appear to be simply an extra-territorial space, where websites are constructed as spaces with no territorial location. A contributor to a recent volume on digital anthropology notes that, “few aspects of digital media, cyber-space or the network society are as commonly perceived as fundamental as its disembodying aspects, its placelessness and subordination of physical proximity to network connectivity.”1 At the same time it can be said that, “[a] cardinal rule of the geography is that social life takes place in ‘constructed’ spaces.”2 If we understand cyberspace as a constructed space, its significant feature is not its extraterritoriality but rather that the space of cyberspace is ambiguous and elastic, allowing it to support diverse constructions, alterna-tive imaginaries, and multiple forms of territoriality and extraterritoriality.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Extraterritorial Jurisdiction to Enforce in Cyberspace?</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Bodin, Schmitt, Grotius in Cyberspace</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Mireille Hildebrandt</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>Radboud University, Nijmegen</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;What is at stake if our justice authorities decide to hack a computer system that is physically located on a server outside the territory of the state they represent, for instance because a webbot was operated from that location,1causing serious harm to a variety of computing sys-tems in our own jurisdiction — harm that renders the perpetrator criminally liable under our own criminal law? How would we respond to Ukrainian, Chinese, Iranian, British, or Argentinian justice authorities that hack a computer system that is located within our own jurisdiction? Does it make a difference whether the hack by law enforcement authorities targets a dissident whose right to free speech is denied or a network disseminating child pornography? Should we evaluate such groping for extraordinary jurisdiction in terms of just ver-sus unjust causes (a bellum iustum privatum?) or is this about the Westphalian interplay of internal and external sovereignty? Might the attempt to extend or initiate extraterritorial jurisdiction-to-enforce be understood as an oc-cupatio, grounded in what Schmitt coined “a-legality,” or should we follow Grotius’s Mare Liberum and consider cyberspace to be a common good that requires us to reinvent natural law theory?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;What is at stake if our justice authorities decide to hack a computer system that is physically located on a server outside the territory of the state they represent, for instance because a webbot was operated from that location,1causing serious harm to a variety of computing sys-tems in our own jurisdiction — harm that renders the perpetrator criminally liable under our own criminal law? How would we respond to Ukrainian, Chinese, Iranian, British, or Argentinian justice authorities that hack a computer system that is located within our own jurisdiction? Does it make a difference whether the hack by law enforcement authorities targets a dissident whose right to free speech is denied or a network disseminating child pornography? Should we evaluate such groping for extraordinary jurisdiction in terms of just ver-sus unjust causes (a bellum iustum privatum?) or is this about the Westphalian interplay of internal and external sovereignty? Might the attempt to extend or initiate extraterritorial jurisdiction-to-enforce be understood as an oc-cupatio, grounded in what Schmitt coined “a-legality,” or should we follow Grotius’s Mare Liberum and consider cyberspace to be a common good that requires us to reinvent natural law theory?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Hildebrandt, Mireille</PersonName>
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          <TitleElement>
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            <TitleText language="eng">The Rise of Legal Cosmopolitism</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Denationalization &amp; Territorialization of Law</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Julien Seroussi</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Interna-tional crimi-nal justice deals with a limited number of core crimes, which have a deep impact on the interna-tional community: genocide, crimes against humanity, and war crimes. All of these crimes are usually described as ordi-nary crimes committed in extraordinary circum-stances, which lawyers call contextual elements. If one takes the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (icc), a murder can amount to a crime against humanity if it’s committed as part of a widespread or systematic attack directed against a civilian population with knowledge of the attack pursuant of an organizational policy to commit such an attack.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Interna-tional crimi-nal justice deals with a limited number of core crimes, which have a deep impact on the interna-tional community: genocide, crimes against humanity, and war crimes. All of these crimes are usually described as ordi-nary crimes committed in extraordinary circum-stances, which lawyers call contextual elements. If one takes the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (icc), a murder can amount to a crime against humanity if it’s committed as part of a widespread or systematic attack directed against a civilian population with knowledge of the attack pursuant of an organizational policy to commit such an attack.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <PersonName>Seroussi, Julien</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Extraterritorial State Action in the Global Interest</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">The Promise of Unilateralism</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Cedric Ryngaert</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>Utrecht University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Ad-vocates of “global justice” or “cosmopolitanism” propound that ethical duties are universal, and apply regardless of nationality, citizenship, race etc. In pure cosmo-politanism, individuals owe ethical duties towards other individuals who are worse off, wherever on earth they may be. Individual agency is not particularly practical, however. Therefore, global justice advocates have proposed to mediate individuals’ ethical duties via institutions, in particular international (gov-ernmental) organizations.1 In this institutional view, international organizations ought to be oriented towards furthering cosmopolitan ideals and tackling collective action problems, such as protecting human rights and the environment, guaranteeing collective security, and ensuring distributive justice, in particular alleviating world poverty.2 Some such in-stitutions, such as the United Nations, have been duly created. But because of design faults, political unwillingness, or resource limits, they have not been able to deliver on the promises they initially held: human rights are still trampled on, corruption remains rampant, and global warming contin-ues unabated.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <ContentAudience>00</ContentAudience>
          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Ad-vocates of “global justice” or “cosmopolitanism” propound that ethical duties are universal, and apply regardless of nationality, citizenship, race etc. In pure cosmo-politanism, individuals owe ethical duties towards other individuals who are worse off, wherever on earth they may be. Individual agency is not particularly practical, however. Therefore, global justice advocates have proposed to mediate individuals’ ethical duties via institutions, in particular international (gov-ernmental) organizations.1 In this institutional view, international organizations ought to be oriented towards furthering cosmopolitan ideals and tackling collective action problems, such as protecting human rights and the environment, guaranteeing collective security, and ensuring distributive justice, in particular alleviating world poverty.2 Some such in-stitutions, such as the United Nations, have been duly created. But because of design faults, political unwillingness, or resource limits, they have not been able to deliver on the promises they initially held: human rights are still trampled on, corruption remains rampant, and global warming contin-ues unabated.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Ryngaert, Cedric</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Franz Kafka</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Extraterritorial Criminal Law</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Ed Morgan</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>University of Toronto</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;It is common wisdom for international lawyers to consider the emergence of a political entity from colonial or dominion status to independence and sovereignty to connote full participation in the international legal system,1with all the rights and obligations that thereby attach.2 Thus, for example, while English colonies prior to independence could exercise substantial self-government they did not possess international legal personality3 and could not exploit or regulate their resources and territory without some act of delegation from the imperial government.4 Likewise, provinces and states, as federal sub-units, typically lack the competence to legislate extraterritori-ally5 or to exhibit other external badges of sovereignty.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;It is common wisdom for international lawyers to consider the emergence of a political entity from colonial or dominion status to independence and sovereignty to connote full participation in the international legal system,1with all the rights and obligations that thereby attach.2 Thus, for example, while English colonies prior to independence could exercise substantial self-government they did not possess international legal personality3 and could not exploit or regulate their resources and territory without some act of delegation from the imperial government.4 Likewise, provinces and states, as federal sub-units, typically lack the competence to legislate extraterritori-ally5 or to exhibit other external badges of sovereignty.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <PersonName>Morgan, Ed</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">The Extraterritorial Life of Siegfried Kracauer</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Martin Jay</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>University of California, Berkeley</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;On February 8, 1889, Siegfried Kracauer was born in Frankfurt am Main, the son of a businessman, Adolf K. Kracauer and his wife, the for-mer Rosette Oppenheim; he died sev-enty-seven years later in New York City on November 26, 1966. For any normal biography, this bracketing of a life between two chronological points is a natural and unexamined beginning. For a biography of Kracauer, however, it constitutes a betrayal of the strongest taboo of his later life, a taboo he expressed in a series of letters deliberately set aside in his well-organized Nachlaß1to give any future biographer pause. These letters, written in the 1960swhen Kracauer was consumed by his final project on the philosophy of his-tory, were filed under the heading of “extra-territoriality.” In all of them, Kra-cauer vehemently opposed any effort to disclose his correct age, a campaign, as he surely must have known, which could only meet with temporary suc-cess.2 His reason for waging it, despite the certainty of ultimate failure, tran-scended the petty vanity of those who refuse to age gracefully. As he wrote to his friend Theodor W. Adorno in 1963: “It is not as if there is something for me in appearing young or younger; it is simply the horror of losing chronological anonymity through the fixating of a date and the unavoidable con-notations of such a fixation.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;On February 8, 1889, Siegfried Kracauer was born in Frankfurt am Main, the son of a businessman, Adolf K. Kracauer and his wife, the for-mer Rosette Oppenheim; he died sev-enty-seven years later in New York City on November 26, 1966. For any normal biography, this bracketing of a life between two chronological points is a natural and unexamined beginning. For a biography of Kracauer, however, it constitutes a betrayal of the strongest taboo of his later life, a taboo he expressed in a series of letters deliberately set aside in his well-organized Nachlaß1to give any future biographer pause. These letters, written in the 1960swhen Kracauer was consumed by his final project on the philosophy of his-tory, were filed under the heading of “extra-territoriality.” In all of them, Kra-cauer vehemently opposed any effort to disclose his correct age, a campaign, as he surely must have known, which could only meet with temporary suc-cess.2 His reason for waging it, despite the certainty of ultimate failure, tran-scended the petty vanity of those who refuse to age gracefully. As he wrote to his friend Theodor W. Adorno in 1963: “It is not as if there is something for me in appearing young or younger; it is simply the horror of losing chronological anonymity through the fixating of a date and the unavoidable con-notations of such a fixation.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Jay, Martin</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">The Extraterritorial Poetics of W.G. Sebald</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Matthew Hart</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>Columbia University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The word ex-traterritoriality is as multivalent as the space it describes. It is a legal coinage signifying personal immunity from local laws, the borderless space of the free seas, and a state’s power to extend jurisdic-tion across borders; recently, it has also become a key concept in philosophical debates about what Giorgio Agamben calls the “state of exception as a para-digm of government.”1 More broadly, extraterritoriality has begun to figure as the object of cultural meditations on the rela-tion between subjection and autonomy, stasis and movement, and exile and belonging — a discourse that has implications for intellectuals in many fields but has so far been most prominent in architectural studies.2Yet with few exceptions, literary critics have not engaged with it — and when they have, extraterritoriality has generally been mistaken as synonymous with a state of multilingual plenitude and postnational migrancy.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The word ex-traterritoriality is as multivalent as the space it describes. It is a legal coinage signifying personal immunity from local laws, the borderless space of the free seas, and a state’s power to extend jurisdic-tion across borders; recently, it has also become a key concept in philosophical debates about what Giorgio Agamben calls the “state of exception as a para-digm of government.”1 More broadly, extraterritoriality has begun to figure as the object of cultural meditations on the rela-tion between subjection and autonomy, stasis and movement, and exile and belonging — a discourse that has implications for intellectuals in many fields but has so far been most prominent in architectural studies.2Yet with few exceptions, literary critics have not engaged with it — and when they have, extraterritoriality has generally been mistaken as synonymous with a state of multilingual plenitude and postnational migrancy.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Hart, Matthew</PersonName>
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          <CopyrightOwner>
            <PersonName>Lown-Hecht, Tania</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">The World and The Home</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Homi K. Bhabha</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>Harvard University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In the House of Fiction you can hear, today, the deep stirring of the “unhome-ly.” You must permit me this awkward word — the unhome-ly — because it captures something of the estranging sense of the relocation of the home and the world in an unhallowed place. To be unhomed is not to be homeless, nor can the “unhomely” be easily accommodated in that familiar division of social life into private and the public spheres. The unhomely moment creeps up on you stealthily as your own shadow and suddenly you find yourself with Henry James’s Isabel Archer “taking the measure of your dwelling” in a state of “incredulous terror.”1 And it is at this point that the world first shrinks for Isabel and then expands enormously. As she struggles to survive the fathom-less waters, the rushing torrents, James introduces us to the “unhomeliness” inherent in that rite of “extra-territorial” initiation — the relations between the innocent American, the deep, dissembling European, the masked emi-gré — that a generation of critics have named his “international theme.” In a feverish stillness, the intimate recesses of the domestic space become sites for history’s most intricate invasions. In that displacement the border be- tween home and world becomes confused; and, uncannily, the private and the public become part of each other, forcing upon us a vision that is as di-vided as it is disorienting.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In the House of Fiction you can hear, today, the deep stirring of the “unhome-ly.” You must permit me this awkward word — the unhome-ly — because it captures something of the estranging sense of the relocation of the home and the world in an unhallowed place. To be unhomed is not to be homeless, nor can the “unhomely” be easily accommodated in that familiar division of social life into private and the public spheres. The unhomely moment creeps up on you stealthily as your own shadow and suddenly you find yourself with Henry James’s Isabel Archer “taking the measure of your dwelling” in a state of “incredulous terror.”1 And it is at this point that the world first shrinks for Isabel and then expands enormously. As she struggles to survive the fathom-less waters, the rushing torrents, James introduces us to the “unhomeliness” inherent in that rite of “extra-territorial” initiation — the relations between the innocent American, the deep, dissembling European, the masked emi-gré — that a generation of critics have named his “international theme.” In a feverish stillness, the intimate recesses of the domestic space become sites for history’s most intricate invasions. In that displacement the border be- tween home and world becomes confused; and, uncannily, the private and the public become part of each other, forcing upon us a vision that is as di-vided as it is disorienting.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Bhabha, Homi K.</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Homeless Images</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Kracauer's Extraterritoriality, Derrida's Monolingualism of the Other</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Gerhard Richter</PersonName>
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              <AffiliationIDType>40</AffiliationIDType>
              <IDValue>05gq02987</IDValue>
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            <Affiliation>Brown University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;If it has a home at all, the proper home of the image, and even the thought-image or Denkbild, is homelessness. Never fully itself, the image remains at odds both with itself and with the referen-tial burden that it is expected to carry. In its iterability, the image, which threatens to be divorced from referential functions such as time and space, tells of distance, absence, and loss, of exile and diasporic dispersal. It tells, in other words, of the states that make the image what it is and that relates it to all other images. The demand that an image can be of something and that it faithfully and reliably represent that something, on the one hand, and the inevitably unpredictable ways in which an image fails to comply with that demand, on the other hand, sponsor a melancholia that is shared by all im-ages, even as it cannot travel through the structural and historical specificity of a singular image. The image records a historical moment at the same time that it interrupts history, perpetuating the very thinkability of history even as it breaks with the logic of historical unfolding. As the site of multiple dis-placements, the image is historical when it tells us of its own departure from history, capturing time most fully when it removes itself from time, the way in which, for instance, a snapshot memorializes time by stepping outside the temporal flow. Because an image can never fully represent, that is, present once again in exactly the same way, the vast network of traces and meanings that it first sets out to arrest, it performs an Aufhebung that simultaneously preserves and cancels the event that was once its subject. In this double ges-ture, the image both forestalls and commemorates loss by recording a mo-ment, documenting its constitutive inevitability, and making it visible as the loss that it always already was. That is to say, the image reveals the ways in which an assumed presence already was a fiction at the time when it was be-lieved to be present. We even could say that rather than simply representing its subject, the image retroactively makes visible the absence that already lay at the core of the event it set out to record.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;If it has a home at all, the proper home of the image, and even the thought-image or Denkbild, is homelessness. Never fully itself, the image remains at odds both with itself and with the referen-tial burden that it is expected to carry. In its iterability, the image, which threatens to be divorced from referential functions such as time and space, tells of distance, absence, and loss, of exile and diasporic dispersal. It tells, in other words, of the states that make the image what it is and that relates it to all other images. The demand that an image can be of something and that it faithfully and reliably represent that something, on the one hand, and the inevitably unpredictable ways in which an image fails to comply with that demand, on the other hand, sponsor a melancholia that is shared by all im-ages, even as it cannot travel through the structural and historical specificity of a singular image. The image records a historical moment at the same time that it interrupts history, perpetuating the very thinkability of history even as it breaks with the logic of historical unfolding. As the site of multiple dis-placements, the image is historical when it tells us of its own departure from history, capturing time most fully when it removes itself from time, the way in which, for instance, a snapshot memorializes time by stepping outside the temporal flow. Because an image can never fully represent, that is, present once again in exactly the same way, the vast network of traces and meanings that it first sets out to arrest, it performs an Aufhebung that simultaneously preserves and cancels the event that was once its subject. In this double ges-ture, the image both forestalls and commemorates loss by recording a mo-ment, documenting its constitutive inevitability, and making it visible as the loss that it always already was. That is to say, the image reveals the ways in which an assumed presence already was a fiction at the time when it was be-lieved to be present. We even could say that rather than simply representing its subject, the image retroactively makes visible the absence that already lay at the core of the event it set out to record.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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          <CopyrightOwner>
            <PersonName>Richter, Gerhard</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">The Outer World and Inner Speech</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Bakhtin, Vygotsky, and the Internalization of Language</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Caryl Emerson</PersonName>
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          <ProfessionalAffiliation>
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              <AffiliationIDType>40</AffiliationIDType>
              <IDValue>00hx57361</IDValue>
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            <Affiliation>Princeton University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In this statement from The Order of Things, Michel Foucault speaks of the nine-teenth-century revolution in linguistics that, in effect, rediscovered language and made it the object of systematic study in its own right. Language, no longer seen as a transparent medium, was granted “its own particular density [...] and laws of its own.” Yet it is not self-evident how we are made more free by understanding that words are not just a repository of knowledge. The density of language is a troublesome postulate. That postulate, according to Foucault, raises difficult epistemological problems and presents theorists with a choice:The critical elevation of language, which was a compensation for its sub-sidence within the object, implied that it had been brought nearer both to an act of knowing, pure of all words, and to the unconscious element in our discourse. It had to be either made transparent to the forms of knowl-edge, or thrust down into the contents of the unconscious.2The debate on the status of language has been enormous and subtle, but it would seem that these two poles described by Foucault remain constantly in effect. Language is, on the one hand, a transparent medium from which to deduce a metalanguage and on which to build statistical and mechanical models, or language is, on the other hand, a product of the individual psyche and ultimately subject to psychic transformation, to what Foucault calls “dim mechanisms, faceless determinations, a whole landscape of shadow.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In this statement from The Order of Things, Michel Foucault speaks of the nine-teenth-century revolution in linguistics that, in effect, rediscovered language and made it the object of systematic study in its own right. Language, no longer seen as a transparent medium, was granted “its own particular density [...] and laws of its own.” Yet it is not self-evident how we are made more free by understanding that words are not just a repository of knowledge. The density of language is a troublesome postulate. That postulate, according to Foucault, raises difficult epistemological problems and presents theorists with a choice:The critical elevation of language, which was a compensation for its sub-sidence within the object, implied that it had been brought nearer both to an act of knowing, pure of all words, and to the unconscious element in our discourse. It had to be either made transparent to the forms of knowl-edge, or thrust down into the contents of the unconscious.2The debate on the status of language has been enormous and subtle, but it would seem that these two poles described by Foucault remain constantly in effect. Language is, on the one hand, a transparent medium from which to deduce a metalanguage and on which to build statistical and mechanical models, or language is, on the other hand, a product of the individual psyche and ultimately subject to psychic transformation, to what Foucault calls “dim mechanisms, faceless determinations, a whole landscape of shadow.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Emerson, Caryl </PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Valéry Proust Museum</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Theodor W. Adorno</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Theodor W.</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Adorno</KeyNames>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The Ger-man word, museal (“museum-like”), has unpleasant overtones. It describes ob-jects to which the observer no longer has a vital relationship and which are in the process of dying. They owe their preservation more to historical respect, than to the needs of the present. Museum and mausoleum are connected by more than phonetic association. Museums are like family sepulchers of works of art. They testify to the neutralization of culture. Art treasures are hoarded in them, and their market value leaves no room for pleasure of looking at them. Nevertheless, that pleasure is dependent on the existence of museums. Anyone who does not have his own collection (and the great private collections are becoming rare) can, for the most part, become familiar with painting and sculpture only in museums. When dis-content with museums is strong enough to provoke the attempt to exhibit paintings in their original surroundings or in ones similar, in baroque or rococo castles, for instance, the result is even more distressing than when the works are wrenched from their original surroundings, and then brought together. Sensibility wrecks even more havoc with art than does the hodge-podge of collections. With music, the situation is analogous. The programs of large concert societies, generally retrospective in orientation, have continu-ally more in common with museums, while Mozart performed by candle-light is degraded to a costume piece. In efforts to retrieve music from remote-ness of the performance and to put it to immediate context of life there is not only something ineffectual but  also a tinge of industriously regressive spite. When some well-intentioned persons advised Mahler to darken the hall during the concert for the sake of the mood, the composer rightly replied that a performance at which one didn’t forget about the surroundings was worthless. Such problems reveal something about the fatal situation of what is called “the cultural tradition.” Once tradition is no longer animated by a comprehensive substantial force, but has to be conjured up by means of cita-tions, because “It’s important to have tradition,” then whatever happens to be left of it is dissolved into a means to an end. An exhibition of applied art only makes a mockery of what it pretends to conserve. Anyone who thinks that art can be reproduced in its original form through an act of will is trapped in hopeless romanticism. Modernizing the past does it much violence and lit-tle good. But, to renounce radically the possibility of experiencing the tradi-tion would be to capitulate to barbarism out of devotion to culture. That the world is out of joint is shown everywhere, in the fact that however a problem is solved, the solution is false.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The Ger-man word, museal (“museum-like”), has unpleasant overtones. It describes ob-jects to which the observer no longer has a vital relationship and which are in the process of dying. They owe their preservation more to historical respect, than to the needs of the present. Museum and mausoleum are connected by more than phonetic association. Museums are like family sepulchers of works of art. They testify to the neutralization of culture. Art treasures are hoarded in them, and their market value leaves no room for pleasure of looking at them. Nevertheless, that pleasure is dependent on the existence of museums. Anyone who does not have his own collection (and the great private collections are becoming rare) can, for the most part, become familiar with painting and sculpture only in museums. When dis-content with museums is strong enough to provoke the attempt to exhibit paintings in their original surroundings or in ones similar, in baroque or rococo castles, for instance, the result is even more distressing than when the works are wrenched from their original surroundings, and then brought together. Sensibility wrecks even more havoc with art than does the hodge-podge of collections. With music, the situation is analogous. The programs of large concert societies, generally retrospective in orientation, have continu-ally more in common with museums, while Mozart performed by candle-light is degraded to a costume piece. In efforts to retrieve music from remote-ness of the performance and to put it to immediate context of life there is not only something ineffectual but  also a tinge of industriously regressive spite. When some well-intentioned persons advised Mahler to darken the hall during the concert for the sake of the mood, the composer rightly replied that a performance at which one didn’t forget about the surroundings was worthless. Such problems reveal something about the fatal situation of what is called “the cultural tradition.” Once tradition is no longer animated by a comprehensive substantial force, but has to be conjured up by means of cita-tions, because “It’s important to have tradition,” then whatever happens to be left of it is dissolved into a means to an end. An exhibition of applied art only makes a mockery of what it pretends to conserve. Anyone who thinks that art can be reproduced in its original form through an act of will is trapped in hopeless romanticism. Modernizing the past does it much violence and lit-tle good. But, to renounce radically the possibility of experiencing the tradi-tion would be to capitulate to barbarism out of devotion to culture. That the world is out of joint is shown everywhere, in the fact that however a problem is solved, the solution is false.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Adorno, Theodor W.</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Subspatial and Subtemporal</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Graham Harman</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Graham</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Harman</KeyNames>
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              <IDValue>0176yqn58</IDValue>
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            <Affiliation>American University in Cairo</Affiliation>
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              <AffiliationIDType>40</AffiliationIDType>
              <IDValue>02xsn7259</IDValue>
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            <Affiliation>Southern California Institute of Architecture</Affiliation>
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        <SubjectHeadingText>political theory; democracy; fascism; right-wing populism; Erich Fromm; surveillance capitalism; authoritarianism; Robert Paxton</SubjectHeadingText>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;A worldwide struggle between democracy and authoritarianism set against a backdrop of global surveillance capitalism is unmistakable. Examples range from Myanmar, China, and the Philippines to Hungary, Turkey, Russia, and the United States. Fascism, Vulnerability, and the Escape from Freedom offers a multidisciplinary analysis drawing on psychology and literature to provide readers with a deeper understanding of the mechanisms that drive people to abandon democracy in favor of vertically organized authoritarianism and even fascism.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In a comparative study of texts selected for their insights and occasional blind spots regarding fascist experiments of the past 100 years, Delogu examines fascism’s exploitation of fear (of change, loss, and death), disruption, and extreme inequality. The book offers an accessible and persuasive argument linking fascist authoritarianism, also called “right-wing populism,” to certain underlying conditions, such as a rise in us-versus-them thinking; distrust or simple apathy regarding democratic institutions, norms, and results; the vulnerabilities that result from extreme inequality (economic, social, racial); and addictions and codependency. Stressful events, such as a pandemic, an environmental disaster, or deep recession aggravate these harmful factors and make the fascist temptation, including the use of violence, almost irresistible. Delogu’s distinctive examination of texts that plumb the unconscious reveal linkages between actions and unavowable motives that purely historical and theoretical studies of fascism leave out.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Erich Fromm’s neglected 1941 classic Escape from Freedom serves as a key reference in Delogu’s study, as does Robert Paxton’s authoritative history, The Anatomy of Fascism (2004). After underscoring the argument and urgent context around these two studies (Hitler’s Germany and George W. Bush’s post-9/11 America), Delogu examines novels, a diary, memoirs, and manifestos to show how vulnerability forces individuals to choose between exclusionary fascist authoritarianism and inclusive, collaborative democracy.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;A worldwide struggle between democracy and authoritarianism set against a backdrop of global surveillance capitalism is unmistakable. Examples range from Myanmar, China, and the Philippines to Hungary, Turkey, Russia, and the United States. Fascism, Vulnerability, and the Escape from Freedom offers a multidisciplinary analysis drawing on psychology and literature to provide readers with a deeper understanding of the mechanisms that drive people to abandon democracy in favor of vertically organized authoritarianism and even fascism.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In a comparative study of texts selected for their insights and occasional blind spots regarding fascist experiments of the past 100 years, Delogu examines fascism’s exploitation of fear (of change, loss, and death), disruption, and extreme inequality. The book offers an accessible and persuasive argument linking fascist authoritarianism, also called “right-wing populism,” to certain underlying conditions, such as a rise in us-versus-them thinking; distrust or simple apathy regarding democratic institutions, norms, and results; the vulnerabilities that result from extreme inequality (economic, social, racial); and addictions and codependency. Stressful events, such as a pandemic, an environmental disaster, or deep recession aggravate these harmful factors and make the fascist temptation, including the use of violence, almost irresistible. Delogu’s distinctive examination of texts that plumb the unconscious reveal linkages between actions and unavowable motives that purely historical and theoretical studies of fascism leave out.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Erich Fromm’s neglected 1941 classic Escape from Freedom serves as a key reference in Delogu’s study, as does Robert Paxton’s authoritative history, The Anatomy of Fascism (2004). After underscoring the argument and urgent context around these two studies (Hitler’s Germany and George W. Bush’s post-9/11 America), Delogu examines novels, a diary, memoirs, and manifestos to show how vulnerability forces individuals to choose between exclusionary fascist authoritarianism and inclusive, collaborative democracy.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <SubjectHeadingText>political theory; democracy; fascism; right-wing populism; Erich Fromm; surveillance capitalism; authoritarianism; Robert Paxton</SubjectHeadingText>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;A worldwide struggle between democracy and authoritarianism set against a backdrop of global surveillance capitalism is unmistakable. Examples range from Myanmar, China, and the Philippines to Hungary, Turkey, Russia, and the United States. Fascism, Vulnerability, and the Escape from Freedom offers a multidisciplinary analysis drawing on psychology and literature to provide readers with a deeper understanding of the mechanisms that drive people to abandon democracy in favor of vertically organized authoritarianism and even fascism.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In a comparative study of texts selected for their insights and occasional blind spots regarding fascist experiments of the past 100 years, Delogu examines fascism’s exploitation of fear (of change, loss, and death), disruption, and extreme inequality. The book offers an accessible and persuasive argument linking fascist authoritarianism, also called “right-wing populism,” to certain underlying conditions, such as a rise in us-versus-them thinking; distrust or simple apathy regarding democratic institutions, norms, and results; the vulnerabilities that result from extreme inequality (economic, social, racial); and addictions and codependency. Stressful events, such as a pandemic, an environmental disaster, or deep recession aggravate these harmful factors and make the fascist temptation, including the use of violence, almost irresistible. Delogu’s distinctive examination of texts that plumb the unconscious reveal linkages between actions and unavowable motives that purely historical and theoretical studies of fascism leave out.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Erich Fromm’s neglected 1941 classic Escape from Freedom serves as a key reference in Delogu’s study, as does Robert Paxton’s authoritative history, The Anatomy of Fascism (2004). After underscoring the argument and urgent context around these two studies (Hitler’s Germany and George W. Bush’s post-9/11 America), Delogu examines novels, a diary, memoirs, and manifestos to show how vulnerability forces individuals to choose between exclusionary fascist authoritarianism and inclusive, collaborative democracy.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;A worldwide struggle between democracy and authoritarianism set against a backdrop of global surveillance capitalism is unmistakable. Examples range from Myanmar, China, and the Philippines to Hungary, Turkey, Russia, and the United States. Fascism, Vulnerability, and the Escape from Freedom offers a multidisciplinary analysis drawing on psychology and literature to provide readers with a deeper understanding of the mechanisms that drive people to abandon democracy in favor of vertically organized authoritarianism and even fascism.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In a comparative study of texts selected for their insights and occasional blind spots regarding fascist experiments of the past 100 years, Delogu examines fascism’s exploitation of fear (of change, loss, and death), disruption, and extreme inequality. The book offers an accessible and persuasive argument linking fascist authoritarianism, also called “right-wing populism,” to certain underlying conditions, such as a rise in us-versus-them thinking; distrust or simple apathy regarding democratic institutions, norms, and results; the vulnerabilities that result from extreme inequality (economic, social, racial); and addictions and codependency. Stressful events, such as a pandemic, an environmental disaster, or deep recession aggravate these harmful factors and make the fascist temptation, including the use of violence, almost irresistible. Delogu’s distinctive examination of texts that plumb the unconscious reveal linkages between actions and unavowable motives that purely historical and theoretical studies of fascism leave out.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Erich Fromm’s neglected 1941 classic Escape from Freedom serves as a key reference in Delogu’s study, as does Robert Paxton’s authoritative history, The Anatomy of Fascism (2004). After underscoring the argument and urgent context around these two studies (Hitler’s Germany and George W. Bush’s post-9/11 America), Delogu examines novels, a diary, memoirs, and manifestos to show how vulnerability forces individuals to choose between exclusionary fascist authoritarianism and inclusive, collaborative democracy.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Feminist Solidarities after Modulation produces an intersectional analysis of transnational feminist movements and their contemporary digital frameworks of identity and solidarity. Engaging media theory, critical race theory, and Black feminist theory, as well as contemporary feminist movements, this book argues that digital feminist interventions map themselves onto and make use of the multiplicity and ambiguity of digital spaces to question presentist and fixed notions of the internet as a white space and technologies in general as objective or universal. Understanding these frameworks as colonial constructions of the human, identity is traced to a socio-material condition that emerges with the modernity/colonialism binary.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In the colonial moment, race and gender become the reasons for, as well as the effects of, technologies of identification, and thus need to be understood as and through technologies. What Deleuze has called modulation is not a present modality of control, but is placed into a longer genealogy of imperial division, which stands in opposition to feminist, queer, and anti-racist activism that insists on non-modular solidarities across seeming difference. At its heart, Feminist Solidarities after Modulation provides an analysis of contemporary digital feminist solidarities, which not only work at revealing the material histories and affective "leakages" of modular governance, but also challenges them to concentrate on forms of political togetherness that exceed a reductive or essentialist understanding of identity, solidarity, and difference.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Feminist Solidarities after Modulation produces an intersectional analysis of transnational feminist movements and their contemporary digital frameworks of identity and solidarity. Engaging media theory, critical race theory, and Black feminist theory, as well as contemporary feminist movements, this book argues that digital feminist interventions map themselves onto and make use of the multiplicity and ambiguity of digital spaces to question presentist and fixed notions of the internet as a white space and technologies in general as objective or universal. Understanding these frameworks as colonial constructions of the human, identity is traced to a socio-material condition that emerges with the modernity/colonialism binary.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In the colonial moment, race and gender become the reasons for, as well as the effects of, technologies of identification, and thus need to be understood as and through technologies. What Deleuze has called modulation is not a present modality of control, but is placed into a longer genealogy of imperial division, which stands in opposition to feminist, queer, and anti-racist activism that insists on non-modular solidarities across seeming difference. At its heart, Feminist Solidarities after Modulation provides an analysis of contemporary digital feminist solidarities, which not only work at revealing the material histories and affective "leakages" of modular governance, but also challenges them to concentrate on forms of political togetherness that exceed a reductive or essentialist understanding of identity, solidarity, and difference.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Feminist Solidarities after Modulation produces an intersectional analysis of transnational feminist movements and their contemporary digital frameworks of identity and solidarity. Engaging media theory, critical race theory, and Black feminist theory, as well as contemporary feminist movements, this book argues that digital feminist interventions map themselves onto and make use of the multiplicity and ambiguity of digital spaces to question presentist and fixed notions of the internet as a white space and technologies in general as objective or universal. Understanding these frameworks as colonial constructions of the human, identity is traced to a socio-material condition that emerges with the modernity/colonialism binary.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In the colonial moment, race and gender become the reasons for, as well as the effects of, technologies of identification, and thus need to be understood as and through technologies. What Deleuze has called modulation is not a present modality of control, but is placed into a longer genealogy of imperial division, which stands in opposition to feminist, queer, and anti-racist activism that insists on non-modular solidarities across seeming difference. At its heart, Feminist Solidarities after Modulation provides an analysis of contemporary digital feminist solidarities, which not only work at revealing the material histories and affective "leakages" of modular governance, but also challenges them to concentrate on forms of political togetherness that exceed a reductive or essentialist understanding of identity, solidarity, and difference.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Feminist Solidarities after Modulation produces an intersectional analysis of transnational feminist movements and their contemporary digital frameworks of identity and solidarity. Engaging media theory, critical race theory, and Black feminist theory, as well as contemporary feminist movements, this book argues that digital feminist interventions map themselves onto and make use of the multiplicity and ambiguity of digital spaces to question presentist and fixed notions of the internet as a white space and technologies in general as objective or universal. Understanding these frameworks as colonial constructions of the human, identity is traced to a socio-material condition that emerges with the modernity/colonialism binary.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In the colonial moment, race and gender become the reasons for, as well as the effects of, technologies of identification, and thus need to be understood as and through technologies. What Deleuze has called modulation is not a present modality of control, but is placed into a longer genealogy of imperial division, which stands in opposition to feminist, queer, and anti-racist activism that insists on non-modular solidarities across seeming difference. At its heart, Feminist Solidarities after Modulation provides an analysis of contemporary digital feminist solidarities, which not only work at revealing the material histories and affective "leakages" of modular governance, but also challenges them to concentrate on forms of political togetherness that exceed a reductive or essentialist understanding of identity, solidarity, and difference.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Poet, novelist, translator, scholar, and critical essayist extraordinaire, Ammiel Alcalay’s intrepid work has always moved across geographic, chronological, political, and linguistic borders. “FOLLOW THE PERSON”: Archival Encounters gathers a dizzying array of texts by Alcalay written over the past fifteen years, all of them having something to do with archival materials. In Alcalay’s case, however, these archives range from more traditional, institutionally-held materials and personal collections to the use of his own experiences and memories as sources for redrawing cultural maps that have too long been divided along sectarian lines of one kind or another.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Moving from the Beats and the Black Arts Movement to the Middle East, “FOLLOW THE PERSON” recalibrates our sense of living history while offering new possibilities for encounters that have been relegated to oblivion or never even imagined. Culled from a variety of eclectic sources and contexts, encountering these essays together offers a completely different experience of Alcalay’s essays, one that argues for a methodology based on minutely recorded events and historical contexts, and for necessary human and cultural encounters that provide models for a new, reinvigorated critical vocabulary.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;As Miriam Nichols writes in her Introduction, “Follow the tenuous threads in this collection of writings and you may end up at the looted National Museum in Baghdad during the American invasion, or in the Hoover Institute at Stanford University where most Iraqi state archives wound up. You may find yourself at Bashcharshiya, the market in Sarajevo during the Bosnian war, or in Palestine, on May 14, 1948. Maybe, if you are keen, you will pick up the thread that leads to 17th-century colonial Massachusetts, or perhaps you will stay in New York, rummaging through garbage cans with Diane di Prima, looking for journals and letters tossed out by a lover.” Whichever path you take, you will find multiple worlds, all rendered by Alcalay with light and compassion.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Poet, novelist, translator, scholar, and critical essayist extraordinaire, Ammiel Alcalay’s intrepid work has always moved across geographic, chronological, political, and linguistic borders. “FOLLOW THE PERSON”: Archival Encounters gathers a dizzying array of texts by Alcalay written over the past fifteen years, all of them having something to do with archival materials. In Alcalay’s case, however, these archives range from more traditional, institutionally-held materials and personal collections to the use of his own experiences and memories as sources for redrawing cultural maps that have too long been divided along sectarian lines of one kind or another.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Moving from the Beats and the Black Arts Movement to the Middle East, “FOLLOW THE PERSON” recalibrates our sense of living history while offering new possibilities for encounters that have been relegated to oblivion or never even imagined. Culled from a variety of eclectic sources and contexts, encountering these essays together offers a completely different experience of Alcalay’s essays, one that argues for a methodology based on minutely recorded events and historical contexts, and for necessary human and cultural encounters that provide models for a new, reinvigorated critical vocabulary.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;As Miriam Nichols writes in her Introduction, “Follow the tenuous threads in this collection of writings and you may end up at the looted National Museum in Baghdad during the American invasion, or in the Hoover Institute at Stanford University where most Iraqi state archives wound up. You may find yourself at Bashcharshiya, the market in Sarajevo during the Bosnian war, or in Palestine, on May 14, 1948. Maybe, if you are keen, you will pick up the thread that leads to 17th-century colonial Massachusetts, or perhaps you will stay in New York, rummaging through garbage cans with Diane di Prima, looking for journals and letters tossed out by a lover.” Whichever path you take, you will find multiple worlds, all rendered by Alcalay with light and compassion.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Dotawo: A Journal of Nubian Studies offers a platform in which the old meets the new, in which archaeological, papyrological, and philological research into Meroitic, Old Nubian, Coptic, Greek, and Arabic sources confront current investigations in modern anthropology and ethnography, Nilo-Saharan linguistics, and critical and theoretical approaches present in post-colonial and African studies. Dotawo gives a common home to the past, present, and future of one of the richest areas of research in African studies. It offers a crossroads where papyrus can meet internet, scribes meet critical thinkers, and the promises of growing nations meet the accomplishments of old kingdoms.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The third volume of Dotawo, guest-edited by Marc Maillot, is dedicated to Know-Hows and Techniques in Ancient Sudan. This collection of articles is the result of a workshop held at Lille University on September 5 and 6, 2013, which brought together several Sudanese archaeology scholars, from architecture to iron production through pottery and textile industry. Organized by Faïza Drici, Marie Evina, and Romain David, with the support of Charles de Gaulle-Lille 3 University and the laboratoire de recherche Halma-Ipel UMR 8164 (Centre national de recherche scientifique – CNRS), this workshop was presided over by Vincent Rondot (present Director of the Egyptian Antiquities Department of the Louvre Museum and former Director of Section française de la direction des antiquités du Soudan – SFDAS). The idea of an academic publication of this workshop in Dotawo was presented by Marc Maillot (SFDAS) in September 2014, during the 13th International Conference for Nubian Studies. The project was warmly welcomed by the editorial committee, and gave birth to a fruitful SFDAS/Dotawo cooperation that started a year ago.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In Dutch Afro Becomings, artist, curator, and researcher Charl Landvreugd argues that we do not yet have a language to understand Dutch Afro-ness, and that it is insufficient to rely on the discourses developed in African American, Black British, or Caribbean cultural theory alone. This critical monograph on continental European Black art and cultural history articulates the specificity of Dutch Afro-ness and the way that Blackness has been translated and (mis)understood across multiple decades of cultural policy, while also providing an incisive analysis of the Dutch state’s aim to showcase “diversity” in a way that is comfortable to the white cultural class, without ever addressing issues of racism or race.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Simultaneously, Landvreugd traces how recent generations of artists are effectively constructing a new visual language to name their Dutch Afro-ness by deepening the way their being is shaped across multiple cultural identities and national histories. These time travelers and wanderers are the Wakaman: cultural workers that embrace their hybridity and multiplicity and have defined, on their own terms and through their own words, their nativity within the Dutch art scene.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Dutch Afro Becomings is a key theoretical and art-historical work, as an introduction to both different international genealogies of Black arts and culture and to the different movements that shaped the specificity of Dutch Afro artists in particular.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In Dutch Afro Becomings, artist, curator, and researcher Charl Landvreugd argues that we do not yet have a language to understand Dutch Afro-ness, and that it is insufficient to rely on the discourses developed in African American, Black British, or Caribbean cultural theory alone. This critical monograph on continental European Black art and cultural history articulates the specificity of Dutch Afro-ness and the way that Blackness has been translated and (mis)understood across multiple decades of cultural policy, while also providing an incisive analysis of the Dutch state’s aim to showcase “diversity” in a way that is comfortable to the white cultural class, without ever addressing issues of racism or race.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Simultaneously, Landvreugd traces how recent generations of artists are effectively constructing a new visual language to name their Dutch Afro-ness by deepening the way their being is shaped across multiple cultural identities and national histories. These time travelers and wanderers are the Wakaman: cultural workers that embrace their hybridity and multiplicity and have defined, on their own terms and through their own words, their nativity within the Dutch art scene.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Dutch Afro Becomings is a key theoretical and art-historical work, as an introduction to both different international genealogies of Black arts and culture and to the different movements that shaped the specificity of Dutch Afro artists in particular.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;With the 2020 election, political polarization in the U.S. entered a ludicrous end-stage. Partisanship, once a pseudo-rational system of biases, has devolved to a conflict between incompatible realities. In search of some pathway toward consensus, Evil Twins and the Ultimate Insight: Ayn Rand, Vladimir Nabokov, and the Polarized Politics of Reading looks to the works of two iconic Russian-American writers whose literary rivalry mirrors the rift between political parties in the U.S. The matchup has all the markings of an evil-twin narrative, pitting Rand, the muse of libertarian conservatism, against Nabokov, the trickster-genius of the Western canon. Their mid-century novels afford a rare opportunity to arbitrate, by proxy, American political grievances and resolve, in print, its electoral dysfunction. Evil Twins and the Ultimate Insight mounts this critical intervention into the Blue/Red blood feud and contemplates, in the cognitive challenges of Nabokov’s fiction, a remedy for its polarized politics.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;To guard against grandstanding, axe-grinding, deck-stacking, inaccuracy, or obfuscation, Stone’s book proceeds by indirection, exploring four scholarly books that all speak to the peculiar relationship between Rand and Nabokov: Gene Bell-Villada’s On Nabokov, Ayn Rand and the Libertarian Mind (2013), Adam Weiner’s How Bad Writing Destroyed the World: Ayn Rand and the Literary Origins of the Financial Crisis (2016), Michael Rodgers’s Nabokov and Nietzsche: Problems and Perspectives (2018), and Peter Roberts and Herner Saeverot’s Education and the Limits of Reason: Reading Dostoevsky, Tolstoy and Nabokov (2018). Each of these books is seriously flawed, but their numerous interlocking problems conspire to reveal, empirically, via negativa, how literature might tip the scales in America’s partisan deadlock. Ultimately, Stone argues that, when our books get tangled up in our politics, their promise—to help us see to the bottom of things and scooch closer to the asymptote of truth and reality—might be something more than a mirage.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;With the 2020 election, political polarization in the U.S. entered a ludicrous end-stage. Partisanship, once a pseudo-rational system of biases, has devolved to a conflict between incompatible realities. In search of some pathway toward consensus, Evil Twins and the Ultimate Insight: Ayn Rand, Vladimir Nabokov, and the Polarized Politics of Reading looks to the works of two iconic Russian-American writers whose literary rivalry mirrors the rift between political parties in the U.S. The matchup has all the markings of an evil-twin narrative, pitting Rand, the muse of libertarian conservatism, against Nabokov, the trickster-genius of the Western canon. Their mid-century novels afford a rare opportunity to arbitrate, by proxy, American political grievances and resolve, in print, its electoral dysfunction. Evil Twins and the Ultimate Insight mounts this critical intervention into the Blue/Red blood feud and contemplates, in the cognitive challenges of Nabokov’s fiction, a remedy for its polarized politics.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;To guard against grandstanding, axe-grinding, deck-stacking, inaccuracy, or obfuscation, Stone’s book proceeds by indirection, exploring four scholarly books that all speak to the peculiar relationship between Rand and Nabokov: Gene Bell-Villada’s On Nabokov, Ayn Rand and the Libertarian Mind (2013), Adam Weiner’s How Bad Writing Destroyed the World: Ayn Rand and the Literary Origins of the Financial Crisis (2016), Michael Rodgers’s Nabokov and Nietzsche: Problems and Perspectives (2018), and Peter Roberts and Herner Saeverot’s Education and the Limits of Reason: Reading Dostoevsky, Tolstoy and Nabokov (2018). Each of these books is seriously flawed, but their numerous interlocking problems conspire to reveal, empirically, via negativa, how literature might tip the scales in America’s partisan deadlock. Ultimately, Stone argues that, when our books get tangled up in our politics, their promise—to help us see to the bottom of things and scooch closer to the asymptote of truth and reality—might be something more than a mirage.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;With the 2020 election, political polarization in the U.S. entered a ludicrous end-stage. Partisanship, once a pseudo-rational system of biases, has devolved to a conflict between incompatible realities. In search of some pathway toward consensus, Evil Twins and the Ultimate Insight: Ayn Rand, Vladimir Nabokov, and the Polarized Politics of Reading looks to the works of two iconic Russian-American writers whose literary rivalry mirrors the rift between political parties in the U.S. The matchup has all the markings of an evil-twin narrative, pitting Rand, the muse of libertarian conservatism, against Nabokov, the trickster-genius of the Western canon. Their mid-century novels afford a rare opportunity to arbitrate, by proxy, American political grievances and resolve, in print, its electoral dysfunction. Evil Twins and the Ultimate Insight mounts this critical intervention into the Blue/Red blood feud and contemplates, in the cognitive challenges of Nabokov’s fiction, a remedy for its polarized politics.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;To guard against grandstanding, axe-grinding, deck-stacking, inaccuracy, or obfuscation, Stone’s book proceeds by indirection, exploring four scholarly books that all speak to the peculiar relationship between Rand and Nabokov: Gene Bell-Villada’s On Nabokov, Ayn Rand and the Libertarian Mind (2013), Adam Weiner’s How Bad Writing Destroyed the World: Ayn Rand and the Literary Origins of the Financial Crisis (2016), Michael Rodgers’s Nabokov and Nietzsche: Problems and Perspectives (2018), and Peter Roberts and Herner Saeverot’s Education and the Limits of Reason: Reading Dostoevsky, Tolstoy and Nabokov (2018). Each of these books is seriously flawed, but their numerous interlocking problems conspire to reveal, empirically, via negativa, how literature might tip the scales in America’s partisan deadlock. Ultimately, Stone argues that, when our books get tangled up in our politics, their promise—to help us see to the bottom of things and scooch closer to the asymptote of truth and reality—might be something more than a mirage.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Clinical Encounters in Sexuality makes an intervention into the fields of clinical psychoanalysis and sexuality studies, in an effort to think about a range of issues relating to sexuality from a clinical psychoanalytic perspective. This book concentrates on a number of concepts, namely identity, desire, pleasure, perversion, ethics and discourse. The editors, Noreen Giffney and Eve Watson, have chosen queer theory, a sub-field of sexuality studies, as an interlocutor for the clinical contributors, because it is at the forefront of theoretical considerations of sexuality, as well as being both reliant upon and suspicious of psychoanalysis as a clinical practice and discourse. The book brings together a number of psychoanalytic schools of thought and clinical approaches, which are sometimes at odds with one another and thus tend not to engage in dialogue about divisive theoretical concepts and matters of clinical technique. Traditions represented here include: Freudian, Kleinian, Independent, Lacanian, Jungian, and Relational. The volume also stages, for the first time, a sustained clinical psychoanalytic engagement with queer theory. By virtue of its editorial design, this book aims to foster a self-reflective attitude in clinical readers about sexuality which historically has tended toward reification&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Clinical Encounters in Sexuality makes an intervention into the fields of clinical psychoanalysis and sexuality studies, in an effort to think about a range of issues relating to sexuality from a clinical psychoanalytic perspective. This book concentrates on a number of concepts, namely identity, desire, pleasure, perversion, ethics and discourse. The editors, Noreen Giffney and Eve Watson, have chosen queer theory, a sub-field of sexuality studies, as an interlocutor for the clinical contributors, because it is at the forefront of theoretical considerations of sexuality, as well as being both reliant upon and suspicious of psychoanalysis as a clinical practice and discourse. The book brings together a number of psychoanalytic schools of thought and clinical approaches, which are sometimes at odds with one another and thus tend not to engage in dialogue about divisive theoretical concepts and matters of clinical technique. Traditions represented here include: Freudian, Kleinian, Independent, Lacanian, Jungian, and Relational. The volume also stages, for the first time, a sustained clinical psychoanalytic engagement with queer theory. By virtue of its editorial design, this book aims to foster a self-reflective attitude in clinical readers about sexuality which historically has tended toward reification&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text>Introduction: Clinical Encounters in Sexuality: Psychoanalytic Practice and Queer Theory, by Noreen Giffney

SECTION 1: QUEER  THEORIES /

Chapter 1 [Identity]: Precarious Sexualities: Queer Challenges to Psychoanalytic and Social Identity Categorisation, by Alice Kuzniar -- Chapter 2 [Desire]: Are We Missing Something? Queer Desire, by Lara Farina -- Chapter 3 [Pleasure]: Jouissance: The Gash of Bliss, by Kathryn Bond Stockton -- Chapter 4 [Perversion]: Perversion and the Problem of Fluidity and Fixity, by Lisa Downing -- Chapter 5 [Ethics]: Out of Line, On Hold: D.W. Winnicott’s Queer Sensibilities, by Michael D. Snediker -- Chapter 6 [Discourse]: Discourse and the History of Sexuality, by Will Stockton

SECTION 2: PSYCHOANALYTIC RESPONSES /

Chapter 7: On Not Thinking Straight: Comments on a Conceptual Marriage, by R.D. Hinshelwood -- Chapter 8: Queer as a New Shelter from Castration, by Abe Geldhof and Paul Verhaeghe -- Chapter 9: The Redress of Psychoanalysis, by Ann Murphy -- Chapter 10: Queer Directions from Lacan, by Ian Parker -- Chapter 11: Queer Theory Meets Jung, by Claudette Kulkarni -- Chapter 12: Queer Troubles for Psychoanalysis, by Carol Owens -- Chapter 13: Clinique, by Aranye Fradenburg -- Chapter 14: From Tragic Fall to Programmatic Blueprint: ‘Behold this is Oedipus …’ by Olga Cox Cameron -- Chapter 15: Enigmatic Sexuality, by Katrine Zeuthen and Judy Gammelgaard -- Chapter 16: The Transforming Nexus: Psychoanalysis, Social Theory and Queer Childhood, by Ken Corbett -- Chapter 17: Clinical Encounters: The Queer New Times, by Rob Weatherill -- Chapter 18: Undoing Psychoanalysis: Towards a Clinical and Conceptual Metistopia, by Dany Nobus -- Chapter 19: ‘You make me feel like a natural woman’: Thoughts on a Case of Transsexual Identity Formation and Queer Theory, by Ami Kaplan -- Chapter 20: Sexual Difference: From Symptom to Sinthome, by Patricia Gherovici

SECTION 3: RESPONSES TO PSYCHOANALYTIC PRACTICES ENCOUNTERING QUEER THEORIES /

Chapter 21: A Plague on Both Your Houses, by Stephen Frosh -- Chapter 22: Something Amiss, by Jacqueline Rose -- Chapter 23: Taking Shelter from Queer, by Tim Dean -- Chapter 24: Courageous Drawings of Vigilant Ambiguities, by Noreen O’Connor -- Chapter 25: Understanding Homophobia, by Mark J. Blechner -- Chapter 26: Transgender and Psychoanalysis, by Susan Stryker -- Chapter 27: The Psychoanalysis that Dare Not Speak Its Name, Ona Nierenberg

ABOUT THE COVER / On the Not-Meanings of Karla Black's There Can Be No Arguments, by Medb Ruane

AFTERWORD, by Eve Watson</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Introduction: Clinical Encounters in Sexuality: Psychoanalytic Practice and Queer Theory</TitleText>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Clinical Encounters in Sexuality makes an intervention into the fields of clinical psychoanalysis and sexuality studies, in an ef-fort to think about a range of issues relating to sexuality2 from a clinical  psychoanalytic  perspective.  This  book  concentrates  on  a number of concepts, namely identity, desire, pleasure, perver-sion, ethics, and discourse. Eve Watson and I have chosen queer theory, a sub-field of sexuality studies, as an interlocutor for the clinical contributors, because it is at the forefront of theoretical considerations  of  sexuality,  as  well  as  being  both  reliant  upon  and suspicious of psychoanalysis as a clinical practice and dis-course.  The  book  brings  together  a  number  of  psychoanalytic  schools  of  thought  and  clinical  approaches,  which  are  some-times at odds with one another and thus tend not to engage in dialogue about divisive theoretical concepts and matters of clin-ical  technique.  Traditions  represented  here  include:  Freudian,  Kleinian,  Independent,  Lacanian,  Jungian,  and  Relational.  We  also stage, for the first time, a sustained clinical psychoanalytic engagement with queer theory. By virtue of its editorial design, this book aims to foster a self-reflective attitude in readers about sexuality which historically has tended toward reification, par-ticularly in clinical practice.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Clinical Encounters in Sexuality makes an intervention into the fields of clinical psychoanalysis and sexuality studies, in an ef-fort to think about a range of issues relating to sexuality2 from a clinical  psychoanalytic  perspective.  This  book  concentrates  on  a number of concepts, namely identity, desire, pleasure, perver-sion, ethics, and discourse. Eve Watson and I have chosen queer theory, a sub-field of sexuality studies, as an interlocutor for the clinical contributors, because it is at the forefront of theoretical considerations  of  sexuality,  as  well  as  being  both  reliant  upon  and suspicious of psychoanalysis as a clinical practice and dis-course.  The  book  brings  together  a  number  of  psychoanalytic  schools  of  thought  and  clinical  approaches,  which  are  some-times at odds with one another and thus tend not to engage in dialogue about divisive theoretical concepts and matters of clin-ical  technique.  Traditions  represented  here  include:  Freudian,  Kleinian,  Independent,  Lacanian,  Jungian,  and  Relational.  We  also stage, for the first time, a sustained clinical psychoanalytic engagement with queer theory. By virtue of its editorial design, this book aims to foster a self-reflective attitude in readers about sexuality which historically has tended toward reification, par-ticularly in clinical practice.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <PersonName>Giffney, Noreen</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Identity: Precarious Sexualities: Queer Challenges to Psychoanalytic and Social Identity Categorization</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Alice Kuzniar</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>University of Waterloo</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In the essay “The Theory of Seduction and the Problem of the Other”  (1997),  Jean  Laplanche  writes  of  a  concept  that  attrac-tively resonates with the term queer, insofar as queer sexuality is quintessentially defined by its inexplicability, incoherence, vola-tility, and contingency in contradistinction to a sexuality whose owner would claim is stable, fixed, and identifiable as an integral part of the self. Destabilizing claims to an abiding, undisturbed notion of the self, Laplanche speaks of das Andere—the  other-thing in us, the otherness of our unconscious—that all attempts at psychoanalytic interpretation cannot master. Laplanche pos-its  that  sexuality  is  an  enigma,  both  for  the  child  confronted  with the riddle of sexuality that the adult represents and for the adult who can never master the uncanny as first encountered in childhood. The parent in turn unconsciously transmits an aura of sexual mystery to the child, perpetuating and completing the cycle. Das Andere is hence the internal otherness that we perpet-ually carry within us and that de-centers us, but that is founded by contact with an external otherness.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In the essay “The Theory of Seduction and the Problem of the Other”  (1997),  Jean  Laplanche  writes  of  a  concept  that  attrac-tively resonates with the term queer, insofar as queer sexuality is quintessentially defined by its inexplicability, incoherence, vola-tility, and contingency in contradistinction to a sexuality whose owner would claim is stable, fixed, and identifiable as an integral part of the self. Destabilizing claims to an abiding, undisturbed notion of the self, Laplanche speaks of das Andere—the  other-thing in us, the otherness of our unconscious—that all attempts at psychoanalytic interpretation cannot master. Laplanche pos-its  that  sexuality  is  an  enigma,  both  for  the  child  confronted  with the riddle of sexuality that the adult represents and for the adult who can never master the uncanny as first encountered in childhood. The parent in turn unconsciously transmits an aura of sexual mystery to the child, perpetuating and completing the cycle. Das Andere is hence the internal otherness that we perpet-ually carry within us and that de-centers us, but that is founded by contact with an external otherness.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <PersonName>Kuzniar, Alice</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Desire</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Missing Something? Queer Desire</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Lara Farina</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Lara</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Farina</KeyNames>
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              <AffiliationIDType>40</AffiliationIDType>
              <IDValue>011vxgd24</IDValue>
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            <Affiliation>West Virginia University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Given that a particular configuration of sexual desire is the cen-tral emphasis of terms like “queer,” “homosexual,” “heterosexu-al,” “lesbian,” and “gay,” it is a somewhat odd fact that theoriza-tion of non-normative desire(s) has been outpaced by scholarly work  on  sexual  identity.  In  the  humanities,  the  overwhelming  interest in identity has been furthered by two important influ-ences. The first is the work of Michel Foucault, whose multivol-ume History  of  Sexuality  (1990,  1990,  1988)  argued  for  the  his-torical variability of identity-categories and, in doing so, shaped a  field  of  study  devoted  to  understanding  the  various  configu-rations of sexual identity in particular historical moments and locations. The second is the challenge to lesbian and gay studies posed by scholars of race, class, and ethnicity, who have right-fully  drawn  attention  to  the  varying  intersections  of  identity  previously  obscured  by  analysis  that  assumes  but  does  not  ac-knowledge  its  own  white,  middle-class  perspective.  Still,  even  the most identity-focused work either presupposes or points to models of desire, and analysis of these models is necessary not just for understanding the sexual self but for thinking about the affective communities available to that self.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Given that a particular configuration of sexual desire is the cen-tral emphasis of terms like “queer,” “homosexual,” “heterosexu-al,” “lesbian,” and “gay,” it is a somewhat odd fact that theoriza-tion of non-normative desire(s) has been outpaced by scholarly work  on  sexual  identity.  In  the  humanities,  the  overwhelming  interest in identity has been furthered by two important influ-ences. The first is the work of Michel Foucault, whose multivol-ume History  of  Sexuality  (1990,  1990,  1988)  argued  for  the  his-torical variability of identity-categories and, in doing so, shaped a  field  of  study  devoted  to  understanding  the  various  configu-rations of sexual identity in particular historical moments and locations. The second is the challenge to lesbian and gay studies posed by scholars of race, class, and ethnicity, who have right-fully  drawn  attention  to  the  varying  intersections  of  identity  previously  obscured  by  analysis  that  assumes  but  does  not  ac-knowledge  its  own  white,  middle-class  perspective.  Still,  even  the most identity-focused work either presupposes or points to models of desire, and analysis of these models is necessary not just for understanding the sexual self but for thinking about the affective communities available to that self.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Farina, Lara</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Pleasure: Jouissance: The Gash of Bliss</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Kathryn Bond Stockton</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Kathryn Bond</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Stockton</KeyNames>
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            <Affiliation>University of Utah</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Jouissance  is  the  strangest  glistening,  a  dark  glamour  of  rap-ture and disruption. It shines and cuts and leaves its bearer not knowing  what  to  make  of  herself—or  her  pleasure.  She  is  left  beside  herself,  feeling  ecstatically  severed  from  herself,  seized  by subtleties, strange to say, even though bliss is an overwhelming  force.  (“Spiritual  joy,”  says  American  Heritage;  “paradise,”  “seventh heaven,” “cloud nine,” adds Roget’s.) Bliss is a word for impossibilities, felt and grasped as such. Something (im)possible coursing through the body, bending the mind. Then, on a dime: rapid, luminous deteriorations.If  per  chance  it  didn’t  exist,  queers  would  invent  it.  Along  with irony, bliss is a quintessential queer accouterment. It’s he-donistic and wedded to pain. It’s clearly buoyant, yet it is dark. It’s  provocatively  sexy,  intimate,  scandalous,  and  bodily,  while  it’s evasive of capture and speech. Beyond the reach of words, it’s both spiritual and material — spiritual materialist — a material-ity that is ineffable and escapes norms. It’s the perversion every-one shares, no one knows, and, with its shadows and ties to loss, society denies in favor of “pleasure.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Jouissance  is  the  strangest  glistening,  a  dark  glamour  of  rap-ture and disruption. It shines and cuts and leaves its bearer not knowing  what  to  make  of  herself—or  her  pleasure.  She  is  left  beside  herself,  feeling  ecstatically  severed  from  herself,  seized  by subtleties, strange to say, even though bliss is an overwhelming  force.  (“Spiritual  joy,”  says  American  Heritage;  “paradise,”  “seventh heaven,” “cloud nine,” adds Roget’s.) Bliss is a word for impossibilities, felt and grasped as such. Something (im)possible coursing through the body, bending the mind. Then, on a dime: rapid, luminous deteriorations.If  per  chance  it  didn’t  exist,  queers  would  invent  it.  Along  with irony, bliss is a quintessential queer accouterment. It’s he-donistic and wedded to pain. It’s clearly buoyant, yet it is dark. It’s  provocatively  sexy,  intimate,  scandalous,  and  bodily,  while  it’s evasive of capture and speech. Beyond the reach of words, it’s both spiritual and material — spiritual materialist — a material-ity that is ineffable and escapes norms. It’s the perversion every-one shares, no one knows, and, with its shadows and ties to loss, society denies in favor of “pleasure.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <PersonName>Stockton, Kathryn Bond </PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Perversion</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Perversion and the Problem of Fluidity and Fixity</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Lisa Downing</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Lisa</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Downing</KeyNames>
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            <Affiliation>University of Birmingham</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;It is a commonplace to state that the problem of sexuality is cen-tral to the endeavors of both psychoanalysis and queer theory. Whereas for psychoanalysis, traditionally at least, sexuality has an etiological status as the nexus of f/phantasies underlying an analysand’s symptoms and behaviors, for queer theorists, espe-cially following Michel Foucault, sexuality is a constructed epis-temological category that functions to normalize the behaviors and bodies of social subjects. In the former, it is a source of truth to be tapped; in the latter it is a pervasive and power-laden lie to be exposed. Whereas psychoanalysis relies on a developmental model  of  sexuality  (Sigmund  Freud,  Melanie  Klein  and  so  on)  or a structural one (for example, Jacques Lacan), “queer” takes the theory of performativity as its explicatory model to account for  the  ways  in  which  subjects  learn  to  “do”  their  genders  and  sexualities.  Moreover,  the  category  of  “perversion”  has  central  import  for  theorizations  of  sexuality  within  both  psychoanal-ysis  and  queer  theory.  For  clinical  psychoanalysts,  perversion  is sexuality gone awry; the failure of the subject to attain adult genitality.  For  queer  theorists,  on  the  other  hand,  perversion  may be construed as a defiant performance of excess that shows up the constructedness and arbitrariness of the category of the “normal,”  and  it  is  centrally  implicated  in  queer’s  rejection  of  the  meaning  of  identity  in  favor  of  the  politics  of  practice.  In  what follows, however, I will focus on a pair of concepts that are central to both psychoanalytic and queer thinking on sexuality and  its  perverse  forms  —  namely  fixity  and  fluidity — in  order to  trouble  certain  orthodoxies  within  both  bodies  of  thought.  In this way, I will neither pathologize queer in the name of psy-choanalysis, nor accuse psychoanalysis of reactionary politics in the name of queer. Rather I shall highlight — and challenge — a logic that is surprisingly shared by both systems.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;It is a commonplace to state that the problem of sexuality is cen-tral to the endeavors of both psychoanalysis and queer theory. Whereas for psychoanalysis, traditionally at least, sexuality has an etiological status as the nexus of f/phantasies underlying an analysand’s symptoms and behaviors, for queer theorists, espe-cially following Michel Foucault, sexuality is a constructed epis-temological category that functions to normalize the behaviors and bodies of social subjects. In the former, it is a source of truth to be tapped; in the latter it is a pervasive and power-laden lie to be exposed. Whereas psychoanalysis relies on a developmental model  of  sexuality  (Sigmund  Freud,  Melanie  Klein  and  so  on)  or a structural one (for example, Jacques Lacan), “queer” takes the theory of performativity as its explicatory model to account for  the  ways  in  which  subjects  learn  to  “do”  their  genders  and  sexualities.  Moreover,  the  category  of  “perversion”  has  central  import  for  theorizations  of  sexuality  within  both  psychoanal-ysis  and  queer  theory.  For  clinical  psychoanalysts,  perversion  is sexuality gone awry; the failure of the subject to attain adult genitality.  For  queer  theorists,  on  the  other  hand,  perversion  may be construed as a defiant performance of excess that shows up the constructedness and arbitrariness of the category of the “normal,”  and  it  is  centrally  implicated  in  queer’s  rejection  of  the  meaning  of  identity  in  favor  of  the  politics  of  practice.  In  what follows, however, I will focus on a pair of concepts that are central to both psychoanalytic and queer thinking on sexuality and  its  perverse  forms  —  namely  fixity  and  fluidity — in  order to  trouble  certain  orthodoxies  within  both  bodies  of  thought.  In this way, I will neither pathologize queer in the name of psy-choanalysis, nor accuse psychoanalysis of reactionary politics in the name of queer. Rather I shall highlight — and challenge — a logic that is surprisingly shared by both systems.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Ethics: Out of Line, On Hold: D.W. Winnicott's Queer Sensibilities</TitleText>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This chapter situates its discussion of ethics in the work of the mid-twentieth   century   British   psychoanalyst,   D.W.   Winni-cott. Winnicott’s theorization of transitional objects and good-enough  mothers  has  inspired  the  scholarship  of  thinkers  such  as Mary Jacobus (2005) and Adam Phillips (1989); at the same time, Winnicott’s output figures, in Deleuzian terms, as a minor literature in the larger psychoanalytic landscape. The sympatico of Winnicott’s work with many recent queer-theoretical investi-gations of intersubjectivity alone necessitates our continued re-appraisal of what he may teach us. Unlike that of Jacques Lacan, who devoted a seminar to the ethics of psychoanalysis, Winnicott’s  contribution  to  psychoanalytic  ethics  must  be  trawled  in  pieces, and culled without prior sense of what that ethics might eventually resemble. In this sense, the very practice of returning to  Winnicott  resembles  the  non-paranoid  reading  position  of  Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick, a queer theorist who taught, more than anyone I can think of, the inseparability of ethics from the sur-prise  of  not  knowing  in  advance  where  desire  might  converge  with  rigor,  gauziness,  creativity,  and  or  delight.  To  read  Win-nicott alongside Sedgwick is to aspire toward for an ethics freed from the normatively non-contingent, but no less predicated on the contingencies of availing dislocation.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This chapter situates its discussion of ethics in the work of the mid-twentieth   century   British   psychoanalyst,   D.W.   Winni-cott. Winnicott’s theorization of transitional objects and good-enough  mothers  has  inspired  the  scholarship  of  thinkers  such  as Mary Jacobus (2005) and Adam Phillips (1989); at the same time, Winnicott’s output figures, in Deleuzian terms, as a minor literature in the larger psychoanalytic landscape. The sympatico of Winnicott’s work with many recent queer-theoretical investi-gations of intersubjectivity alone necessitates our continued re-appraisal of what he may teach us. Unlike that of Jacques Lacan, who devoted a seminar to the ethics of psychoanalysis, Winnicott’s  contribution  to  psychoanalytic  ethics  must  be  trawled  in  pieces, and culled without prior sense of what that ethics might eventually resemble. In this sense, the very practice of returning to  Winnicott  resembles  the  non-paranoid  reading  position  of  Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick, a queer theorist who taught, more than anyone I can think of, the inseparability of ethics from the sur-prise  of  not  knowing  in  advance  where  desire  might  converge  with  rigor,  gauziness,  creativity,  and  or  delight.  To  read  Win-nicott alongside Sedgwick is to aspire toward for an ethics freed from the normatively non-contingent, but no less predicated on the contingencies of availing dislocation.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Discourse</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Discourse and the History of Sexuality</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Will Stockton</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>Clemson University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Following  the  French  historian  and  philosopher  Michel  Fou-cault,  contemporary  queer  scholars  frequently  maintain  that  sexuality  is  a  product  of  discourse.  At  its  most  basic,  discoursemeans  speech,  but  for  Foucault  (1972)  discourse  is  “the  gener-al  domain  of  all  statements,  sometimes  as  an  individualisable  group of statements, and sometimes as a regulated practice that accounts for a number of statements” (80). In the first volume of The History of Sexuality, Foucault (1990a) frames the relationship between  sexuality  and  discourse  in  this  way:  sexuality  is  “the  correlative  of  that  slowly  developed  discursive  practice  which  constitutes the scientia sexualis” (68)—the Western “regulated practice”  of  classifying,  monitoring,  and  disciplining  individu-als based on what Freud would call their choice of sexual objects or the directions of their sexual aims. The scientia sexualis  has  its roots in the Catholic practice of confession, which from the Middle  Ages  enjoined  people  to  speak  about  sex  in  extraordinary  detail,  to  seek  out  “all  insinuations  of  the  flesh:  thoughts,  desires,  voluptuous  imaginings,  delectations,  combined  move-ments of the body and soul” (19). In the nineteenth and twenti-eth  centuries,  psychiatry  and  psychoanalysis  contributed  to  the  secular appropriation of the church’s insistence that each person transform his or her sex into discourse. As Foucault wryly notes, “Ours  is,  after  all,  the  only  civilization  in  which  individuals  are  paid to listen to all and sundry impart the secrets of their sex: as if the urge to talk about it, and the interest one hopes to arouse by doing so, have far surpassed the possibilities of being heard, so that some individuals have even offered their ears for hire”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Following  the  French  historian  and  philosopher  Michel  Fou-cault,  contemporary  queer  scholars  frequently  maintain  that  sexuality  is  a  product  of  discourse.  At  its  most  basic,  discoursemeans  speech,  but  for  Foucault  (1972)  discourse  is  “the  gener-al  domain  of  all  statements,  sometimes  as  an  individualisable  group of statements, and sometimes as a regulated practice that accounts for a number of statements” (80). In the first volume of The History of Sexuality, Foucault (1990a) frames the relationship between  sexuality  and  discourse  in  this  way:  sexuality  is  “the  correlative  of  that  slowly  developed  discursive  practice  which  constitutes the scientia sexualis” (68)—the Western “regulated practice”  of  classifying,  monitoring,  and  disciplining  individu-als based on what Freud would call their choice of sexual objects or the directions of their sexual aims. The scientia sexualis  has  its roots in the Catholic practice of confession, which from the Middle  Ages  enjoined  people  to  speak  about  sex  in  extraordinary  detail,  to  seek  out  “all  insinuations  of  the  flesh:  thoughts,  desires,  voluptuous  imaginings,  delectations,  combined  move-ments of the body and soul” (19). In the nineteenth and twenti-eth  centuries,  psychiatry  and  psychoanalysis  contributed  to  the  secular appropriation of the church’s insistence that each person transform his or her sex into discourse. As Foucault wryly notes, “Ours  is,  after  all,  the  only  civilization  in  which  individuals  are  paid to listen to all and sundry impart the secrets of their sex: as if the urge to talk about it, and the interest one hopes to arouse by doing so, have far surpassed the possibilities of being heard, so that some individuals have even offered their ears for hire”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">On Not Thinking Straight</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Comments on a Conceptual Marriage</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>R.D. Hinshelwood</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>University of Essex</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;It  is  ironic.  Psychoanalysis  was  born  in  the  context  of  sexual  transgression—the theory of seduction, and the Oedipal theo-ry. The plethora of sexualities was suddenly open to be known, and  in  principle  to  be  known  in  all  of  us.  But,  for  normative  reasons,  powerful  a  hundred  years  ago,  in  no  time  at  all,  that  opening  door  spawned  the  “Three  Essays  on  the  Theory  of  Sexuality” (Freud 1905); it became a classic that could easily be read  as  experts  in  the  clinic  normalizing  categories  of  sexual-ity,  and  defining  the  abnormal.  No  wonder  queer  theory  has  a  thoroughly mixed reaction—but to be fair, the selection in this book is a respectful one. On being asked to add a comment on the  chapters  in  section  one,  I  looked  forward  to  the  challenge.  They amass a “report” on the progress of the two innocent suitIt  is  ironic.  Psychoanalysis  was  born  in  the  context  of  sexual  transgression—the theory of seduction, and the Oedipal theo-ry. The plethora of sexualities was suddenly open to be known, and  in  principle  to  be  known  in  all  of  us.  But,  for  normative  reasons,  powerful  a  hundred  years  ago,  in  no  time  at  all,  that  opening  door  spawned  the  “Three  Essays  on  the  Theory  of  Sexuality” (Freud 1905); it became a classic that could easily be read  as  experts  in  the  clinic  normalizing  categories  of  sexual-ity,  and  defining  the  abnormal.  No  wonder  queer  theory  has  a  thoroughly mixed reaction—but to be fair, the selection in this book is a respectful one. On being asked to add a comment on the  chapters  in  section  one,  I  looked  forward  to  the  challenge.  They amass a “report” on the progress of the two innocent suit&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;It  is  ironic.  Psychoanalysis  was  born  in  the  context  of  sexual  transgression—the theory of seduction, and the Oedipal theo-ry. The plethora of sexualities was suddenly open to be known, and  in  principle  to  be  known  in  all  of  us.  But,  for  normative  reasons,  powerful  a  hundred  years  ago,  in  no  time  at  all,  that  opening  door  spawned  the  “Three  Essays  on  the  Theory  of  Sexuality” (Freud 1905); it became a classic that could easily be read  as  experts  in  the  clinic  normalizing  categories  of  sexual-ity,  and  defining  the  abnormal.  No  wonder  queer  theory  has  a  thoroughly mixed reaction—but to be fair, the selection in this book is a respectful one. On being asked to add a comment on the  chapters  in  section  one,  I  looked  forward  to  the  challenge.  They amass a “report” on the progress of the two innocent suitIt  is  ironic.  Psychoanalysis  was  born  in  the  context  of  sexual  transgression—the theory of seduction, and the Oedipal theo-ry. The plethora of sexualities was suddenly open to be known, and  in  principle  to  be  known  in  all  of  us.  But,  for  normative  reasons,  powerful  a  hundred  years  ago,  in  no  time  at  all,  that  opening  door  spawned  the  “Three  Essays  on  the  Theory  of  Sexuality” (Freud 1905); it became a classic that could easily be read  as  experts  in  the  clinic  normalizing  categories  of  sexual-ity,  and  defining  the  abnormal.  No  wonder  queer  theory  has  a  thoroughly mixed reaction—but to be fair, the selection in this book is a respectful one. On being asked to add a comment on the  chapters  in  section  one,  I  looked  forward  to  the  challenge.  They amass a “report” on the progress of the two innocent suit&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Queer as a New Shelter from Castration</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Abe Geldhof</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>Ghent University</Affiliation>
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          <PersonName>Paul Verhaeghe</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Somewhere  in  his  diaries,  Søren  Kierkegaard  (1998)  wonders  about  how  Jesus  Christ  would  react  when  asked  to  prove  that  he is really the son of God. If he really is, Kierkegaard says, then he would not prove it, because his existence is the proof. If Je-sus were to comply with the request to prove it, he would make himself appear not to be the son of God. Lacan (1986[1959–60]) says something similar about the perversion of Sade. In his sev-enth seminar on ethics he notes that the more Sade shouts not to be bound by any law, the more it becomes clear that the Law remains indestructible at its core (225–41).Jesus Christ doesn’t prove he is Jesus Christ because he is Je-sus  Christ:  his  existence  is  the  proof.  Sade,  on  the  other  hand,  has to prove ceaselessly that he is not bound by any law, but in producing transgression after transgression, it becomes obvious that his pleasure is only possible because of the law. Without the law no transgression is possible. The silence of being contrasts sharply with the shrieking noise of discourse.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Somewhere  in  his  diaries,  Søren  Kierkegaard  (1998)  wonders  about  how  Jesus  Christ  would  react  when  asked  to  prove  that  he is really the son of God. If he really is, Kierkegaard says, then he would not prove it, because his existence is the proof. If Je-sus were to comply with the request to prove it, he would make himself appear not to be the son of God. Lacan (1986[1959–60]) says something similar about the perversion of Sade. In his sev-enth seminar on ethics he notes that the more Sade shouts not to be bound by any law, the more it becomes clear that the Law remains indestructible at its core (225–41).Jesus Christ doesn’t prove he is Jesus Christ because he is Je-sus  Christ:  his  existence  is  the  proof.  Sade,  on  the  other  hand,  has to prove ceaselessly that he is not bound by any law, but in producing transgression after transgression, it becomes obvious that his pleasure is only possible because of the law. Without the law no transgression is possible. The silence of being contrasts sharply with the shrieking noise of discourse.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Geldhof, Abe</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">The Redress of Psychoanalysis</TitleText>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Seamus  Heaney’s  eloquent  apologia  on  behalf  of  poetry  cap-tures  more  accurately  than  most  psychoanalytic  texts  my  own  way of thinking about the practice of psychoanalysis. Thinking through poetry may be my antidote to some tendencies in psy-choanalytic theory, language and practice towards institutional-ized rigidity, with its focus on the adaptive and the normative, as opposed to the radical sense of the singularity and uniqueness of the individual, which is the gift of psychoanalysis at its best. Postmodern, social constructionist critiques of gender, sexu-ality,  and  identity  have  challenged  essentialist  psychoanalytic  notions  of  psychosexual  development,  fixed  gender  identity,  and stable sexual orientation. Such critiques challenge psycho-analysts to recognize and interrogate assumptions that we hold about sexuality, identity, gender, and subjectivity, and to address the  contradictions  that  have  permeated  psychoanalytic  thinking on these questions, all the way back to Freud’s radical, con-flicted, disorderly, multiply revised, and exuberantly footnoted “Three Essays on the Theory of Sexuality” .&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Seamus  Heaney’s  eloquent  apologia  on  behalf  of  poetry  cap-tures  more  accurately  than  most  psychoanalytic  texts  my  own  way of thinking about the practice of psychoanalysis. Thinking through poetry may be my antidote to some tendencies in psy-choanalytic theory, language and practice towards institutional-ized rigidity, with its focus on the adaptive and the normative, as opposed to the radical sense of the singularity and uniqueness of the individual, which is the gift of psychoanalysis at its best. Postmodern, social constructionist critiques of gender, sexu-ality,  and  identity  have  challenged  essentialist  psychoanalytic  notions  of  psychosexual  development,  fixed  gender  identity,  and stable sexual orientation. Such critiques challenge psycho-analysts to recognize and interrogate assumptions that we hold about sexuality, identity, gender, and subjectivity, and to address the  contradictions  that  have  permeated  psychoanalytic  thinking on these questions, all the way back to Freud’s radical, con-flicted, disorderly, multiply revised, and exuberantly footnoted “Three Essays on the Theory of Sexuality” .&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Queer Directions from Lacan</TitleText>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Queer functions at its most radical as an activity rather than as a noun, and, as many queer activists have noticed, the reduction to noun-form threatens to sediment what queer “is,” especially to sediment it in the adaptable identities that neoliberal heter-opatriarchal capitalism now works with so well. So, “to queer” as an intervention, as transformational process, already transcends the  opposition  between  noun  and  verb  while  refusing  to  rest,  refusing to accept a transcendent position that pretends to have escaped that opposition. Three moments in this transformation-al process, in a little history of queer, lead us directly to psychoa-nalysis,  perhaps  back  to  the  psychoanalysis  from  which  it  first  sprung, but with which, against which, queer has an uncannily-appropriate suspicious relationship.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Queer functions at its most radical as an activity rather than as a noun, and, as many queer activists have noticed, the reduction to noun-form threatens to sediment what queer “is,” especially to sediment it in the adaptable identities that neoliberal heter-opatriarchal capitalism now works with so well. So, “to queer” as an intervention, as transformational process, already transcends the  opposition  between  noun  and  verb  while  refusing  to  rest,  refusing to accept a transcendent position that pretends to have escaped that opposition. Three moments in this transformation-al process, in a little history of queer, lead us directly to psychoa-nalysis,  perhaps  back  to  the  psychoanalysis  from  which  it  first  sprung, but with which, against which, queer has an uncannily-appropriate suspicious relationship.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Queer Theory Meets Jung</TitleText>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;I  will  begin  by  disclosing  my  own  prejudices  since  they  surely  have shaped my reactions to these chapters. Psychological  Prejudices.  In  spite  of  the  sexism,  heterosex-ism, and racism that invade Carl Jung’s theorizing, I am a Jungi-an—or, more accurately, a post-Jungian1—and a feminist. The challenge  for  me  as  a  lesbian  Jungian  has  been  not  to  defend,  reinterpret, contort, or reformulate Jung and his theories—but, rather,  to  use  Jung,  often  against  himself,  in  ways  that  seem  “truly  Jungian”  and  thus,  hopefully,  to  follow  through  on  the  “subversive possibility that Jung opens up” (Samuels 1989, tape) when we take him “beyond” himself. Philosophical Horizons. My reading in queer theory has been motivated mainly by the work of Judith Butler and has focused on  queer  theory’s  usefulness  in  understanding  LGBTQI  experi-ence in a heterosexist and genderized world. My philosophical prejudices derive from the work of Hans-Georg Gadamer, espe-cially his approach to hermeneutics and the problem of under-standing.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;I  will  begin  by  disclosing  my  own  prejudices  since  they  surely  have shaped my reactions to these chapters. Psychological  Prejudices.  In  spite  of  the  sexism,  heterosex-ism, and racism that invade Carl Jung’s theorizing, I am a Jungi-an—or, more accurately, a post-Jungian1—and a feminist. The challenge  for  me  as  a  lesbian  Jungian  has  been  not  to  defend,  reinterpret, contort, or reformulate Jung and his theories—but, rather,  to  use  Jung,  often  against  himself,  in  ways  that  seem  “truly  Jungian”  and  thus,  hopefully,  to  follow  through  on  the  “subversive possibility that Jung opens up” (Samuels 1989, tape) when we take him “beyond” himself. Philosophical Horizons. My reading in queer theory has been motivated mainly by the work of Judith Butler and has focused on  queer  theory’s  usefulness  in  understanding  LGBTQI  experi-ence in a heterosexist and genderized world. My philosophical prejudices derive from the work of Hans-Georg Gadamer, espe-cially his approach to hermeneutics and the problem of under-standing.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Queer Troubles for Psychoanalysis</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Carol Owens</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;As a critical psychologist in Britain in the mid-1990s, I experi-enced  many  of  the  effects  that  queer  theory,  critical  feminism  and  post-structuralism  had  upon  social  science  research  and  discourse theory at this time. Wide-ranging debates about ma-terialism,  essentialism,  and  biological  reductionism  revolved  around  the  purloining  of  the  human  subject  by  mainstream  social,  psychological  and  biomedical  science.  The  critical  pro-ject’s devotion to decentering the same subject, destabilizing the taken-for-granted,  and  deconstructing  the  practices  warranted  by  the  mainstream  contributed  to  the  writing  of  thousands  of  research  articles  and  conference  presentations,  not  to  mention  hundreds  of  books  and  as  many  careers  launched  in  the  mo-bilization of the critical agenda. My own doctoral work on the examination  of  “compulsory  heterosexuality”  at  the  site  of  the  “couple”  as  constituted  by  and  within  the  psy-discourses  was  typical for the time. People like me were usually referred to dis-paragingly within the mainstream as “social constructionists” or worse  “constructivists.”  We  moved  through  our  doctoral  years  occasionally  caught  up  with  dilemmas  over  relativism  which  would  spur  a  whole  other  rake  of  research  articles  and  papers  dedicated to the declaring of the reality of death, the holocaust, and furniture. Some of us were labelled “critical realists” when we  got  too  concerned  about  the  political,  “unreconstructed  feminists”  when  we  worried  overly  about  “woman,”  and  unreflexive allegiance to any of the great “isms” (Marx, Freud, “Fem-in”)  necessitated  some  serious  time  spent  in  the  careful  study  and contemplation of Donna Haraway’s (2013) groundbreaking work Simians, Cyborgs, and Women where we would be firmly reminded that all knowledge is situated, all identities fractured, and that the “local” tops the “global” every time when it comes to  theorizing.  In  general,  at  this  time,  “psychoanalysis”  was  at  best a foolish word, at worst, a bad word.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;As a critical psychologist in Britain in the mid-1990s, I experi-enced  many  of  the  effects  that  queer  theory,  critical  feminism  and  post-structuralism  had  upon  social  science  research  and  discourse theory at this time. Wide-ranging debates about ma-terialism,  essentialism,  and  biological  reductionism  revolved  around  the  purloining  of  the  human  subject  by  mainstream  social,  psychological  and  biomedical  science.  The  critical  pro-ject’s devotion to decentering the same subject, destabilizing the taken-for-granted,  and  deconstructing  the  practices  warranted  by  the  mainstream  contributed  to  the  writing  of  thousands  of  research  articles  and  conference  presentations,  not  to  mention  hundreds  of  books  and  as  many  careers  launched  in  the  mo-bilization of the critical agenda. My own doctoral work on the examination  of  “compulsory  heterosexuality”  at  the  site  of  the  “couple”  as  constituted  by  and  within  the  psy-discourses  was  typical for the time. People like me were usually referred to dis-paragingly within the mainstream as “social constructionists” or worse  “constructivists.”  We  moved  through  our  doctoral  years  occasionally  caught  up  with  dilemmas  over  relativism  which  would  spur  a  whole  other  rake  of  research  articles  and  papers  dedicated to the declaring of the reality of death, the holocaust, and furniture. Some of us were labelled “critical realists” when we  got  too  concerned  about  the  political,  “unreconstructed  feminists”  when  we  worried  overly  about  “woman,”  and  unreflexive allegiance to any of the great “isms” (Marx, Freud, “Fem-in”)  necessitated  some  serious  time  spent  in  the  careful  study  and contemplation of Donna Haraway’s (2013) groundbreaking work Simians, Cyborgs, and Women where we would be firmly reminded that all knowledge is situated, all identities fractured, and that the “local” tops the “global” every time when it comes to  theorizing.  In  general,  at  this  time,  “psychoanalysis”  was  at  best a foolish word, at worst, a bad word.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <PersonName>L.O. Aranye Fradenburg</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Academic  writing  about  psychoanalysis  does  not  often  engage  the practice of psychoanalysis in today’s USA, or vice versa. There are many reasons for this, and one is always wishing there were more  mutual  interest.  The  canons  differ;  academics  still  read  a  lot  of  Freud  and  later  continental  theory,  less  often  Anglo-American object relations theory, and much less often, Thomas Ogden,  Robert  Stoller,  Muriel  Dimen,  Joe  Natterson,  or  Mark  Leffert.  In  my  experience,  American  psychoanalysts  too  often  abdicate  their  intellectual  responsibilities  and  the  social  impli-cations  thereof;  too  few  of  us  regard  ourselves  as  minds  shap-ing  and  being  shaped  by  the  urgent  questions  of  our  time.  In  turn, academic psychoanalytic work does not, in my view, grap-ple closely enough with the reasons why particular people seek treatment, and with the ethics of responding or not responding to  misery  experienced  as  “personal,”  that  is,  felt  to  be  “inside.”  Queer theory has, remarkably, been to-and-fro-ing all over this ground,  in  its  agōn  with  psychoanalysis,  powerfully  critiquing  it, and equally powerfully re-thinking it, finally changing policy and helping to usher in “an exciting [era] of discovery” of sexu-ality’s range and resourcefulness (Roughton 2002, 757, referring to  the  first  decade  of  the  twenty-first  century).  The  chapters  to  which  I’m  responding  here  show  that  the  ground  shared  by  queer  theory  and  psychoanalysis  is  still  something  of  a  battleground,  but  they  also  show  that  the  debate  is  a  highly  creative  one, born of a provocatively uneasy intimacy.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Academic  writing  about  psychoanalysis  does  not  often  engage  the practice of psychoanalysis in today’s USA, or vice versa. There are many reasons for this, and one is always wishing there were more  mutual  interest.  The  canons  differ;  academics  still  read  a  lot  of  Freud  and  later  continental  theory,  less  often  Anglo-American object relations theory, and much less often, Thomas Ogden,  Robert  Stoller,  Muriel  Dimen,  Joe  Natterson,  or  Mark  Leffert.  In  my  experience,  American  psychoanalysts  too  often  abdicate  their  intellectual  responsibilities  and  the  social  impli-cations  thereof;  too  few  of  us  regard  ourselves  as  minds  shap-ing  and  being  shaped  by  the  urgent  questions  of  our  time.  In  turn, academic psychoanalytic work does not, in my view, grap-ple closely enough with the reasons why particular people seek treatment, and with the ethics of responding or not responding to  misery  experienced  as  “personal,”  that  is,  felt  to  be  “inside.”  Queer theory has, remarkably, been to-and-fro-ing all over this ground,  in  its  agōn  with  psychoanalysis,  powerfully  critiquing  it, and equally powerfully re-thinking it, finally changing policy and helping to usher in “an exciting [era] of discovery” of sexu-ality’s range and resourcefulness (Roughton 2002, 757, referring to  the  first  decade  of  the  twenty-first  century).  The  chapters  to  which  I’m  responding  here  show  that  the  ground  shared  by  queer  theory  and  psychoanalysis  is  still  something  of  a  battleground,  but  they  also  show  that  the  debate  is  a  highly  creative  one, born of a provocatively uneasy intimacy.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <Subtitle language="eng">"Behold this is Oedipus..."</Subtitle>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In the first flush of his discoveries Freud (1900) was much given to inventing mottoes for himself and for this new praxis which both excited and disturbed him. “Flectere si nequeo superos, Ach-eronta movebo,” he inscribes as epigraph to The Interpretation of Dreams: “What have they done to you poor child?” he suggests to  Fliess  as  he  attends  to  stories  of  shocking  childhood  abuse  (Masson 1985, 289). Reading this collection of queer responses to psychoanalytic theory I am tempted to affix Barthes’s (1975) statement, “we are scientific because we lack subtlety” (61), less as a motto than as a caveat to the large swathes of psychoanalytic theory  which  Alice  Kuzniar  challenges  in  her  opening  chapter  “Precarious Sexualities.”It is as astonishing to psychoanalysts as to non-analysts that a  theory  predicated  on  the  existence  of  the  unconscious  and  therefore  committed  to  the  radical  undercutting  of  an  abid-ing  undisturbed  notion  of  the  self  should  have  lent  itself  with  such  stalwartness  and  consistency  to  a  version  of  the  Oedipus  complex which in Kuzniar’s words presumes as its telos “a stable fixed identity of personhood that rests solidly within a unitary gender role and unwavering sexual object choice directed to the opposite of one’s own gender.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In the first flush of his discoveries Freud (1900) was much given to inventing mottoes for himself and for this new praxis which both excited and disturbed him. “Flectere si nequeo superos, Ach-eronta movebo,” he inscribes as epigraph to The Interpretation of Dreams: “What have they done to you poor child?” he suggests to  Fliess  as  he  attends  to  stories  of  shocking  childhood  abuse  (Masson 1985, 289). Reading this collection of queer responses to psychoanalytic theory I am tempted to affix Barthes’s (1975) statement, “we are scientific because we lack subtlety” (61), less as a motto than as a caveat to the large swathes of psychoanalytic theory  which  Alice  Kuzniar  challenges  in  her  opening  chapter  “Precarious Sexualities.”It is as astonishing to psychoanalysts as to non-analysts that a  theory  predicated  on  the  existence  of  the  unconscious  and  therefore  committed  to  the  radical  undercutting  of  an  abid-ing  undisturbed  notion  of  the  self  should  have  lent  itself  with  such  stalwartness  and  consistency  to  a  version  of  the  Oedipus  complex which in Kuzniar’s words presumes as its telos “a stable fixed identity of personhood that rests solidly within a unitary gender role and unwavering sexual object choice directed to the opposite of one’s own gender.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;It was not without hesitation that we agreed to take part in the discussion initiated by the editors of this book. We are only very superficially acquainted with queer theory, and as clinical prac-titioners  we  are  not  quite  at  ease  with  postmodern  and  post-structuralist thinking, and thus we felt ourselves to be unfamil-iar with the perspectives presented by those who are more well versed in this field.In some ways our apprehension was confirmed when we read the texts, but at the same time our curiosity was piqued when we realized that psychoanalysis was being both used and challenged by deconstructive readings of the Freudian theory of sexuality. As we gradually familiarized ourselves with this line of thinking, we found several perspectives we wanted to address. Because of the limited space, our answers to the many interesting and pro-vocative ideas are of course only preliminary. To this we want to add that we have confined ourselves to commenting on the ideas presented in this book and only occasionally on the ideas quoted in the book, many of which we are not familiar with.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;It was not without hesitation that we agreed to take part in the discussion initiated by the editors of this book. We are only very superficially acquainted with queer theory, and as clinical prac-titioners  we  are  not  quite  at  ease  with  postmodern  and  post-structuralist thinking, and thus we felt ourselves to be unfamil-iar with the perspectives presented by those who are more well versed in this field.In some ways our apprehension was confirmed when we read the texts, but at the same time our curiosity was piqued when we realized that psychoanalysis was being both used and challenged by deconstructive readings of the Freudian theory of sexuality. As we gradually familiarized ourselves with this line of thinking, we found several perspectives we wanted to address. Because of the limited space, our answers to the many interesting and pro-vocative ideas are of course only preliminary. To this we want to add that we have confined ourselves to commenting on the ideas presented in this book and only occasionally on the ideas quoted in the book, many of which we are not familiar with.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">The Transforming Nexus</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Psychoanalysis, Social Theory and Queer Childhood</Subtitle>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Twenty-first-century clinical psychoanalysis surely has as much to  do  with  feminism,  queer  theory,  and  social  philosophy  as  it  does  with  Freudian  tenets,  postwar  British  object-relations  theory, American ego psychology, or even modern attachment models. The social critique of the normal is now developing de-velopmental theories. Questioning the rigid necessity of a nor-mative  symbolic  order  has  led  not  only  to  rethinking  human  development, but also to the re-conception of psychotherapeu-tic care.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Twenty-first-century clinical psychoanalysis surely has as much to  do  with  feminism,  queer  theory,  and  social  philosophy  as  it  does  with  Freudian  tenets,  postwar  British  object-relations  theory, American ego psychology, or even modern attachment models. The social critique of the normal is now developing de-velopmental theories. Questioning the rigid necessity of a nor-mative  symbolic  order  has  led  not  only  to  rethinking  human  development, but also to the re-conception of psychotherapeu-tic care.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Clinical Encounters</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">The Queer New Times</Subtitle>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;“Let’s get a few things straight,” says a middle-aged man at the beginning of yet another fraught session, “I want you to accept that I am a married man; I am heterosexual and happy to be so; I love my wife and my children; I am good at my work. So can we return to what I sought these sessions for in the first place, namely my chronic anxiety? This is what I need to put right and I need your help.” Of course, this demand for the analyst to get a few things clear—“straight”—is precisely the issue: the analyst simply repeats the guiding principle about free association.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;“Let’s get a few things straight,” says a middle-aged man at the beginning of yet another fraught session, “I want you to accept that I am a married man; I am heterosexual and happy to be so; I love my wife and my children; I am good at my work. So can we return to what I sought these sessions for in the first place, namely my chronic anxiety? This is what I need to put right and I need your help.” Of course, this demand for the analyst to get a few things clear—“straight”—is precisely the issue: the analyst simply repeats the guiding principle about free association.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Undoing Psychoanalysis</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Towards a Clinical and Conceptual Metistopia</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Dany Nobus</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;It was not exactly Freud’s birthday, but on April 27, 1995, the em-inent  French  psychoanalyst  André  Green  (1995)  delivered  the  “Sigmund  Freud  Birthday  Lecture”  at  the  Anna  Freud  Centre  in London under the title “Has Sexuality Anything To Do With Psychoanalysis?”  In  the  opening  sections  of  his  paper,  Green  explained that his provocative question had been prompted by a  twofold  observation.  On  the  one  hand,  he  had  noticed  how  since the mid-1980s sexuality had all but disappeared as a “ma-jor concept” and a “theoretical function of heuristic value” from the  psychoanalytic  literature,  with  the  exception  of  “the  ever  problematic  topic  of  feminine  sexuality.”  On  the  other  hand,  he  had  ascertained  how  practicing  psychoanalysts,  when  pre-senting  case  material,  were  more  inclined  to  focus  on  the  ego,  inter-subjectivity and destructiveness, for example, rather than the role played by sexuality in the mental economy of their pa-tients. In light of these considerations, and wishing the founder of  psychoanalysis  well  for  his  birthday,  Green  went  on  to  em-phasize the value and significance of a thorough re-appraisal of Freud’s  key  contributions  to  the  psychoanalytic  study  of  sexu-ality—libido,  the  Oedipus  complex,  genitality,  the  vicissitudes  of  the  drives  (Eros  and  Thanatos),  narcissism—subsequently  responding to his own call in the 1997 monograph The Chains of Eros (2000) by newly integrating these and other notions into a hierarchical “erotic chain,” starting from the drive and ending in language and sublimation.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;It was not exactly Freud’s birthday, but on April 27, 1995, the em-inent  French  psychoanalyst  André  Green  (1995)  delivered  the  “Sigmund  Freud  Birthday  Lecture”  at  the  Anna  Freud  Centre  in London under the title “Has Sexuality Anything To Do With Psychoanalysis?”  In  the  opening  sections  of  his  paper,  Green  explained that his provocative question had been prompted by a  twofold  observation.  On  the  one  hand,  he  had  noticed  how  since the mid-1980s sexuality had all but disappeared as a “ma-jor concept” and a “theoretical function of heuristic value” from the  psychoanalytic  literature,  with  the  exception  of  “the  ever  problematic  topic  of  feminine  sexuality.”  On  the  other  hand,  he  had  ascertained  how  practicing  psychoanalysts,  when  pre-senting  case  material,  were  more  inclined  to  focus  on  the  ego,  inter-subjectivity and destructiveness, for example, rather than the role played by sexuality in the mental economy of their pa-tients. In light of these considerations, and wishing the founder of  psychoanalysis  well  for  his  birthday,  Green  went  on  to  em-phasize the value and significance of a thorough re-appraisal of Freud’s  key  contributions  to  the  psychoanalytic  study  of  sexu-ality—libido,  the  Oedipus  complex,  genitality,  the  vicissitudes  of  the  drives  (Eros  and  Thanatos),  narcissism—subsequently  responding to his own call in the 1997 monograph The Chains of Eros (2000) by newly integrating these and other notions into a hierarchical “erotic chain,” starting from the drive and ending in language and sublimation.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">"You make me feel like a natural woman</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">" Thoughts on a Case of Transsexual Identity Formation and Queer Theory</Subtitle>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This  chapter  is  about  a  male  to  female  transsexual1  individual  and  some  contemplation  about  her  life  through  the  lens  of  queer  theory.  I  will  introduce  her  shortly,  but  first  I  will  out-line my psychoanalytic orientation and clinical stance in regard to  transgender  clients.  My  psychoanalytic  theoretical  position  is  both  Freudian  (from  an  Ego  Psychology  perspective)  and  based in Object Relations. Within Object Relations, I am most informed  by  Winnicott  and  Fairbairn.  I  don’t  subscribe  to  any  psychoanalytic or environmentally-based etiology theories that include such explanations of transsexualism as a defense against homosexuality;  based  on  the  mother’s  emotional  state;  stem-ming  from  insecure  attachment  to  the  mother  or  other  prob-lems in the family dynamic (Greenson 1966; Bak 1968; Green-acre  1969;  Stoller  1970;  Ovesey  and  Person  1973;  1976;  Coates  1990). The type of work I do with these individuals takes a non-pathologizing  stance  and  does  not  try  to  figure  out  how  they  became transgender. Rather it centers on helping gender variant individuals be who they authentically feel themselves to be.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This  chapter  is  about  a  male  to  female  transsexual1  individual  and  some  contemplation  about  her  life  through  the  lens  of  queer  theory.  I  will  introduce  her  shortly,  but  first  I  will  out-line my psychoanalytic orientation and clinical stance in regard to  transgender  clients.  My  psychoanalytic  theoretical  position  is  both  Freudian  (from  an  Ego  Psychology  perspective)  and  based in Object Relations. Within Object Relations, I am most informed  by  Winnicott  and  Fairbairn.  I  don’t  subscribe  to  any  psychoanalytic or environmentally-based etiology theories that include such explanations of transsexualism as a defense against homosexuality;  based  on  the  mother’s  emotional  state;  stem-ming  from  insecure  attachment  to  the  mother  or  other  prob-lems in the family dynamic (Greenson 1966; Bak 1968; Green-acre  1969;  Stoller  1970;  Ovesey  and  Person  1973;  1976;  Coates  1990). The type of work I do with these individuals takes a non-pathologizing  stance  and  does  not  try  to  figure  out  how  they  became transgender. Rather it centers on helping gender variant individuals be who they authentically feel themselves to be.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;“We speak therein of fucking, and we say that it’s not working out”  (Lacan  1998[1972–73],  32).  Without  splitting  hairs,  Lacan  bluntly  summed  up  what  people  talk  about  when  they  are  on  the  analytic  couch.  If  all  what  we  talk  about  on  the  couch  is  sex, nothing much has been discovered in psychoanalysis since Freud and Lacan. Freud’s major revelation that the unconscious is  at  root  sexual  is  confirmed  in  our  current  practice.  It  is  not  just that, as Lacan has noted, one hears that something is wrong with sex. Consider the case of one of my analysands, Melissa, a twenty-four-year-old female, who felt that her analysis was pro-gressing because she was “feeling pretty stable and calmer.” She added however that “at the end of the day” she always felt anx-ious. “Perhaps it’s this recurrent thinking, this unrelenting ques-tioning,”  she  added.  Her  problems,  she  knew,  were  about  rela-tionships.  The  trouble  was  not  just  her  mother,  looming  large  and overwhelming, or her father, weak and slightly perverse, but her current boyfriend, who overwhelmed her with his affection. “I want to figure out what Mike means to me. Sometimes I ex-perience a sense of happiness because I love him; it can be really wonderful.  Sex  can  be  good  but  as  soon  as  he  expresses  how  much he loves me, I have only regret.” Fundamentally, his love and  support  did  not  bring  her  satisfaction  but  rather  a  sense  of  loss  and  emptiness.  “His  intense  admiration  for  me  is  over-whelming. As if I were cut off from him or myself. Something keeps  me  from  connecting  with  him.”  Melissa  had  a  suspicion  about what the problem was: “It is the issue of seeing other peo-ple, but it does not seem worthwhile.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;“We speak therein of fucking, and we say that it’s not working out”  (Lacan  1998[1972–73],  32).  Without  splitting  hairs,  Lacan  bluntly  summed  up  what  people  talk  about  when  they  are  on  the  analytic  couch.  If  all  what  we  talk  about  on  the  couch  is  sex, nothing much has been discovered in psychoanalysis since Freud and Lacan. Freud’s major revelation that the unconscious is  at  root  sexual  is  confirmed  in  our  current  practice.  It  is  not  just that, as Lacan has noted, one hears that something is wrong with sex. Consider the case of one of my analysands, Melissa, a twenty-four-year-old female, who felt that her analysis was pro-gressing because she was “feeling pretty stable and calmer.” She added however that “at the end of the day” she always felt anx-ious. “Perhaps it’s this recurrent thinking, this unrelenting ques-tioning,”  she  added.  Her  problems,  she  knew,  were  about  rela-tionships.  The  trouble  was  not  just  her  mother,  looming  large  and overwhelming, or her father, weak and slightly perverse, but her current boyfriend, who overwhelmed her with his affection. “I want to figure out what Mike means to me. Sometimes I ex-perience a sense of happiness because I love him; it can be really wonderful.  Sex  can  be  good  but  as  soon  as  he  expresses  how  much he loves me, I have only regret.” Fundamentally, his love and  support  did  not  bring  her  satisfaction  but  rather  a  sense  of  loss  and  emptiness.  “His  intense  admiration  for  me  is  over-whelming. As if I were cut off from him or myself. Something keeps  me  from  connecting  with  him.”  Melissa  had  a  suspicion  about what the problem was: “It is the issue of seeing other peo-ple, but it does not seem worthwhile.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;It is tempting to suggest that the staging of an encounter in this book has served mainly to dramatize the incommensurability of psychoanalysis  and  queer  theory.  Perhaps  there  are  really  two  separate theaters, one in which queer celebrations of disruptive-ness goes on, and one in which psychoanalysts and psychother-apists  try  to  bring  order  to  confusions  of  desire,  identity  and  identification. Lisa Downing articulates one of the key opposi-tions in focusing on perversion: For  clinical  psychoanalysts,  perversion  is  sexuality  gone  awry;  the  failure  of  the  subject  to  attain  adult  genitality.  For  queer  theorists,  on  the  other  hand,  perversion  may  be  construed as a defiant performance of excess that shows up the constructedness and arbitrariness of the category of the “normal,”  and  it  is  centrally  implicated  in  queer’s  rejection  of the meaning of identity in favor of the politics of practice.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;It is tempting to suggest that the staging of an encounter in this book has served mainly to dramatize the incommensurability of psychoanalysis  and  queer  theory.  Perhaps  there  are  really  two  separate theaters, one in which queer celebrations of disruptive-ness goes on, and one in which psychoanalysts and psychother-apists  try  to  bring  order  to  confusions  of  desire,  identity  and  identification. Lisa Downing articulates one of the key opposi-tions in focusing on perversion: For  clinical  psychoanalysts,  perversion  is  sexuality  gone  awry;  the  failure  of  the  subject  to  attain  adult  genitality.  For  queer  theorists,  on  the  other  hand,  perversion  may  be  construed as a defiant performance of excess that shows up the constructedness and arbitrariness of the category of the “normal,”  and  it  is  centrally  implicated  in  queer’s  rejection  of the meaning of identity in favor of the politics of practice.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;RoseThere is something amiss. On that much queer theory and psy-choanalysis agree. For both of these ways of engaging with the world, the dominant, normative, regulations of sexual life are a lie. Freud (1908) spoke of the “injustice” of expecting one form of  sexual  behavior  from  us  all.  “It  is  one  of  the  obvious  social  injustices  [eine  der  offenkundigen  sozialen  Ungerechtigkeiten],” he  wrote  in  his  essay  “‘Civilised’  Sexual  Morality  and  Mod-ern  Nervous  Illness,”  “that  the  standard  of  civilisation  should  demand  from  everyone  the  same  conduct  of  sexual  life”  (192).  Except,  he  added,  the  injustice  is  normally  wiped  out  by  diso-bedience—Nichtbefolgen—or  non-observance  of  the  norm.  The psychoanalytic subject is restless. She puts up a fight in her dreams. Nor is her rebellion restricted to the night time alone. She has thoughts she does not share. Sometimes she herself does not know what these are. Even in the putative calm of the day, when  everything  is  meant  to  be  safe,  she  can  be  surprised  by  herself. Such moments may allow a moment of escape from the norms that bind her—the norms of civilization which, as we see from  his  essay’s  title,  Freud  was  careful  to  put  in  scare  quotes.  But these moments, inklings of another unconscious life, might also  trail  behind  them  ways  of  being  which  she  would  prefer  not to know or to forget. Whatever her sexual orientation, this is likely to be the case. There is no clear or easy resting place in the mind. Fluidity, plasticity—the catch-words of recent theory — do not halt on request. The way-stations may be enticing or bleak. You cannot turn the unconscious into a manifesto (which is why Freud disagreed with the surrealists). For psychoanalysis, it is axiomatic that we never fully know who we are.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;RoseThere is something amiss. On that much queer theory and psy-choanalysis agree. For both of these ways of engaging with the world, the dominant, normative, regulations of sexual life are a lie. Freud (1908) spoke of the “injustice” of expecting one form of  sexual  behavior  from  us  all.  “It  is  one  of  the  obvious  social  injustices  [eine  der  offenkundigen  sozialen  Ungerechtigkeiten],” he  wrote  in  his  essay  “‘Civilised’  Sexual  Morality  and  Mod-ern  Nervous  Illness,”  “that  the  standard  of  civilisation  should  demand  from  everyone  the  same  conduct  of  sexual  life”  (192).  Except,  he  added,  the  injustice  is  normally  wiped  out  by  diso-bedience—Nichtbefolgen—or  non-observance  of  the  norm.  The psychoanalytic subject is restless. She puts up a fight in her dreams. Nor is her rebellion restricted to the night time alone. She has thoughts she does not share. Sometimes she herself does not know what these are. Even in the putative calm of the day, when  everything  is  meant  to  be  safe,  she  can  be  surprised  by  herself. Such moments may allow a moment of escape from the norms that bind her—the norms of civilization which, as we see from  his  essay’s  title,  Freud  was  careful  to  put  in  scare  quotes.  But these moments, inklings of another unconscious life, might also  trail  behind  them  ways  of  being  which  she  would  prefer  not to know or to forget. Whatever her sexual orientation, this is likely to be the case. There is no clear or easy resting place in the mind. Fluidity, plasticity—the catch-words of recent theory — do not halt on request. The way-stations may be enticing or bleak. You cannot turn the unconscious into a manifesto (which is why Freud disagreed with the surrealists). For psychoanalysis, it is axiomatic that we never fully know who we are.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;“Psychoanalysis  may  be  queer  but  it  is  not  queer  theory,”  ob-serves  Patricia  Gherovici,  in  a  sentence  that  encapsulates  the  central  tension  structuring  Clinical  Encounters  in  Sexuality.  As the  chapters  in  this  volume  demonstrate,  psychoanalysis  looks  different  from  a  queer  perspective,  often  disorientingly  so.  Yet  even as the potential queerness of psychoanalysis is teased out and highlighted, some minimal difference between the two re-mains. What to make of that difference—indeed, what to make of  various  small  differences—exercises  all  of  the  contributors  in one way or another, eliciting a range of responses, from the intrigued and engaged to the disturbingly phobic.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;“Psychoanalysis  may  be  queer  but  it  is  not  queer  theory,”  ob-serves  Patricia  Gherovici,  in  a  sentence  that  encapsulates  the  central  tension  structuring  Clinical  Encounters  in  Sexuality.  As the  chapters  in  this  volume  demonstrate,  psychoanalysis  looks  different  from  a  queer  perspective,  often  disorientingly  so.  Yet  even as the potential queerness of psychoanalysis is teased out and highlighted, some minimal difference between the two re-mains. What to make of that difference—indeed, what to make of  various  small  differences—exercises  all  of  the  contributors  in one way or another, eliciting a range of responses, from the intrigued and engaged to the disturbingly phobic.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;My  aim  is  to  elucidate  ways  in  which  analysts  have  responded  to the challenges of queer theorists. Working with the operative distinction of analyst and queer theorist I draw out their shared vigilance  of  reductive  classifications  of  foundational  aesthetic,  epistemic, ontological, ethico-political specifications of subjec-tive/intersubjective relationships. Corbett  succinctly  expresses  the  clinical  ambiance  of  con-temporary  psychoanalysis  in  his  first  sentence  describing  the  pivotal relationships between different models of analytic praxis and social critiques of normality. By “leaning” toward the gener-ative  grounding  soil  of  psychoanalytic  originality  practitioners  explore ways in which fantasy inter-implicates the body-subject and thereby challenge dualisms of mind/body, language/think-ing.  Psychoanalytic  space  is  delineated  as  a  place  in  which  the  enigmatic dynamism of transferences of fantasies and attributes highlight the courageous listening/speaking ethos present in the rigorous work of contributors to this book, namely, encounters. Analysis opens horizons of varying inter-subjective spaces and times for the emergence of individual speaking of a body-sub-ject in their relational complexity (Ellis 2008, 187; 2010, 65–66).&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;My  aim  is  to  elucidate  ways  in  which  analysts  have  responded  to the challenges of queer theorists. Working with the operative distinction of analyst and queer theorist I draw out their shared vigilance  of  reductive  classifications  of  foundational  aesthetic,  epistemic, ontological, ethico-political specifications of subjec-tive/intersubjective relationships. Corbett  succinctly  expresses  the  clinical  ambiance  of  con-temporary  psychoanalysis  in  his  first  sentence  describing  the  pivotal relationships between different models of analytic praxis and social critiques of normality. By “leaning” toward the gener-ative  grounding  soil  of  psychoanalytic  originality  practitioners  explore ways in which fantasy inter-implicates the body-subject and thereby challenge dualisms of mind/body, language/think-ing.  Psychoanalytic  space  is  delineated  as  a  place  in  which  the  enigmatic dynamism of transferences of fantasies and attributes highlight the courageous listening/speaking ethos present in the rigorous work of contributors to this book, namely, encounters. Analysis opens horizons of varying inter-subjective spaces and times for the emergence of individual speaking of a body-sub-ject in their relational complexity (Ellis 2008, 187; 2010, 65–66).&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Psychoanalysts  and  queer  theorists  both  know  that  the  ques-tions we ask shape the kind of data we discover. Psychoanalysts since Sigmund Freud have asked often, “Why are some people homosexual?  What  causes  this  sexual  attraction?”  They  have  not asked so often, “Why do people hate and fear homosexuals? What causes this irrational emotional reaction? What causes the destructive and often delusional fear and hatred of gay men and lesbians?”  This  is  odd,  since  homosexuality  itself  has  harmed  no  one,  whereas  hatred  and  persecution  of  homosexuals  has  damaged  many  lives.  It  is  also  odd  because  the  understand-ing  of  prejudice  has  been  a  fundamental  aim  of  psychoanaly-sis throughout its history. The Interpretation of Dreams (Freud, 1900)  was  not  only  a  landmark  in  the  science  of  unconscious  processes;  it  was  also  a  relentless  airing  of  and  protest  against  the prejudice towards Jews in Freud’s time. Psychoanalysis is the science of the irrational, and hence it is the field most suited to address the irrational fear and hatred of homosexuality that we call homophobia.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Psychoanalysts  and  queer  theorists  both  know  that  the  ques-tions we ask shape the kind of data we discover. Psychoanalysts since Sigmund Freud have asked often, “Why are some people homosexual?  What  causes  this  sexual  attraction?”  They  have  not asked so often, “Why do people hate and fear homosexuals? What causes this irrational emotional reaction? What causes the destructive and often delusional fear and hatred of gay men and lesbians?”  This  is  odd,  since  homosexuality  itself  has  harmed  no  one,  whereas  hatred  and  persecution  of  homosexuals  has  damaged  many  lives.  It  is  also  odd  because  the  understand-ing  of  prejudice  has  been  a  fundamental  aim  of  psychoanaly-sis throughout its history. The Interpretation of Dreams (Freud, 1900)  was  not  only  a  landmark  in  the  science  of  unconscious  processes;  it  was  also  a  relentless  airing  of  and  protest  against  the prejudice towards Jews in Freud’s time. Psychoanalysis is the science of the irrational, and hence it is the field most suited to address the irrational fear and hatred of homosexuality that we call homophobia.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Transgender, Queer Theory, and Psychoanalysis</TitleText>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The inclusion of trans*1 material in this collection of essays on the encounter between psychoanalysis and queer theory neces-sarily raises the question of the relationship of trans* to queer, as well as trans* to psychoanalysis. The  five  essays  that  deal  explicitly  with  trans*  issues—Gh-erovici,  Corbett,  Kaplan,  Weatherill,  and  Geldhof  and  Ver-haeghe—each  approach  these  matters  somewhat  differently.  Weatherill  makes  only  passing,  and  transphobic,  mention  of  transgender  women  when  he  approvingly  quotes  Germaine  Greer’s gratuitously vulgar dismissal of such individuals’ claims to  social  existence:  “just  because  you  lop  off  your  dick  doesn’t  make you a fucking woman.” For Geldhof and Verhaeghe, trans* positions are “extreme representatives” of a queer social move-ment that seems “to refuse the classical distinction between man and woman.” For Kaplan, “trans” represents a benign albeit limiting investment in fixed gender identities that is counterposed to the supposed fluidity, and desirability, of queer gender expres-sion. Though he does not use the trans* nomenclature, Corbett’s nuanced  discussion  of  “queer  childhood”  is  attuned  to  those  moments  “in  which  the  social  order  of  gender  is  challenged,”  and  in  which  a  “transforming  nexus”  of  gender  mallability  is  created  that  allows  for  gender’s  resignification  through  collec-tive  intersubjective  fantasies  between  queer  children  and  their  significant others. For Gherovici, transness and homosexuality both  address,  in  nonheteronormative  ways,  the  imperative  to  assume a psychical position in relation to the question of sexual difference; they are divergent yet equally viable sinthomes, or an-swers to the unavoidable riddle of how the Real, Imaginary, and Symbolic registers might be knotted together.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The inclusion of trans*1 material in this collection of essays on the encounter between psychoanalysis and queer theory neces-sarily raises the question of the relationship of trans* to queer, as well as trans* to psychoanalysis. The  five  essays  that  deal  explicitly  with  trans*  issues—Gh-erovici,  Corbett,  Kaplan,  Weatherill,  and  Geldhof  and  Ver-haeghe—each  approach  these  matters  somewhat  differently.  Weatherill  makes  only  passing,  and  transphobic,  mention  of  transgender  women  when  he  approvingly  quotes  Germaine  Greer’s gratuitously vulgar dismissal of such individuals’ claims to  social  existence:  “just  because  you  lop  off  your  dick  doesn’t  make you a fucking woman.” For Geldhof and Verhaeghe, trans* positions are “extreme representatives” of a queer social move-ment that seems “to refuse the classical distinction between man and woman.” For Kaplan, “trans” represents a benign albeit limiting investment in fixed gender identities that is counterposed to the supposed fluidity, and desirability, of queer gender expres-sion. Though he does not use the trans* nomenclature, Corbett’s nuanced  discussion  of  “queer  childhood”  is  attuned  to  those  moments  “in  which  the  social  order  of  gender  is  challenged,”  and  in  which  a  “transforming  nexus”  of  gender  mallability  is  created  that  allows  for  gender’s  resignification  through  collec-tive  intersubjective  fantasies  between  queer  children  and  their  significant others. For Gherovici, transness and homosexuality both  address,  in  nonheteronormative  ways,  the  imperative  to  assume a psychical position in relation to the question of sexual difference; they are divergent yet equally viable sinthomes, or an-swers to the unavoidable riddle of how the Real, Imaginary, and Symbolic registers might be knotted together.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In  the  opening  essay  of  Love  In  A  Dark  Time:  Gay  Lives  from  Wilde to Almodovar, Colm Tóibin refers to Borges’s essay “The Argentine Writer and Tradition” to describe the position of exile as a condition for creation, for the possibility of the emergence of the new. Tóibin situates gay literary figures alongside the Jew-ish, Argentine, and Irish artists that Borges refers to, underlin-ing that the place of estrangement, of foreignness, is the sine qua non for speaking at the limits of the sayable. While certainly not sufficient,  extra-territoriality  is  absolutely  necessary  to  affect  a  break  with  the  mortifications  referred  to  by  Freud  (1926a)  as  “the compact majority” (274).&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In  the  opening  essay  of  Love  In  A  Dark  Time:  Gay  Lives  from  Wilde to Almodovar, Colm Tóibin refers to Borges’s essay “The Argentine Writer and Tradition” to describe the position of exile as a condition for creation, for the possibility of the emergence of the new. Tóibin situates gay literary figures alongside the Jew-ish, Argentine, and Irish artists that Borges refers to, underlin-ing that the place of estrangement, of foreignness, is the sine qua non for speaking at the limits of the sayable. While certainly not sufficient,  extra-territoriality  is  absolutely  necessary  to  affect  a  break  with  the  mortifications  referred  to  by  Freud  (1926a)  as  “the compact majority” (274).&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">On the Not-Meanings of Karla Black's There Can Be No Arguments</TitleText>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;We expect to be able to recognize what we see in the visual field but visual experience occurs around a void, an emptiness, over which the artist places semblants. In The Ethics of Psychoanalysis (2008[1959–60]),  Lacan  likened  this  to  a  vase  that  puts  a  skin  around  a  hole  and  veils  the  open  sewer  beneath.  A  “nothing”  becomes a “something.” An object is made to exist (148–49).The  marked  and  voided  spaces  around  Karla  Black’s  sus-pended piece There Can Be No Arguments play with fullness and emptiness,  not  only  as  background  for  the  works  in  space  she  makes. The marks are written on the rim of the Real. They are not  about  metaphor  or  producing  meaning.  Strip  meaning  or  the hope of it away and an encounter emerges. She dresses and addresses a void.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;We expect to be able to recognize what we see in the visual field but visual experience occurs around a void, an emptiness, over which the artist places semblants. In The Ethics of Psychoanalysis (2008[1959–60]),  Lacan  likened  this  to  a  vase  that  puts  a  skin  around  a  hole  and  veils  the  open  sewer  beneath.  A  “nothing”  becomes a “something.” An object is made to exist (148–49).The  marked  and  voided  spaces  around  Karla  Black’s  sus-pended piece There Can Be No Arguments play with fullness and emptiness,  not  only  as  background  for  the  works  in  space  she  makes. The marks are written on the rim of the Real. They are not  about  metaphor  or  producing  meaning.  Strip  meaning  or  the hope of it away and an encounter emerges. She dresses and addresses a void.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Afterword</TitleText>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Clinical  Encounters  in  Sexuality  brings  together  two  altogether  different  disciplines  that  address  the  field  of  human  sexual-ity: clinical psychoanalysis and queer theory. This encounter is underpinned  by  the  centrality  of  sexuality  to  both  disciplines  and  the  crucial  nature  of  psychoanalytic  theory  to  queer  the-ory’s theorization of gender and sexuality. Beginning with Sig-mund  Freud,  psychoanalysis  has  a  long  history  of  turning  to  other  fields  such  as  philosophy,  art,  literature,  linguistics,  sci-ence, mathematics, and religion to develop and differentiate its major  themes.  This  collection  adds  the  work  of  queer  theory  to  this  list  of  co-conspirators  addressing  the  question  of  what  it is to be uniquely human, especially important today in light of the homogenizing effects of globalization, marketization and digitalization. Queer theory proffers a breadth of critical think-ing  about  contemporary  sexuality,  mechanisms  of  bio-power  and  regimes  of  normativization  for  psychoanalysts  to  address  themselves  to.  Queer  theory’s  use  of  psychoanalysis  is  critical  to  its  Foucault-inspired  project  of  critically  exploring  desire,  pleasure, identity and the social fabric itself. Psychoanalysts, for their part, offer psychoanalytic theory, clinical practice and the extraordinary  value  of  the  clinical  vignette,  the  psychoanalytic  tool par excellence. In addition, theorists of psychoanalysis and sexuality  bring  their  insights  to  bear  on  this  “queer”  marriage  between psychoanalysis and queer theory for readers to add to their experience of the book.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Clinical  Encounters  in  Sexuality  brings  together  two  altogether  different  disciplines  that  address  the  field  of  human  sexual-ity: clinical psychoanalysis and queer theory. This encounter is underpinned  by  the  centrality  of  sexuality  to  both  disciplines  and  the  crucial  nature  of  psychoanalytic  theory  to  queer  the-ory’s theorization of gender and sexuality. Beginning with Sig-mund  Freud,  psychoanalysis  has  a  long  history  of  turning  to  other  fields  such  as  philosophy,  art,  literature,  linguistics,  sci-ence, mathematics, and religion to develop and differentiate its major  themes.  This  collection  adds  the  work  of  queer  theory  to  this  list  of  co-conspirators  addressing  the  question  of  what  it is to be uniquely human, especially important today in light of the homogenizing effects of globalization, marketization and digitalization. Queer theory proffers a breadth of critical think-ing  about  contemporary  sexuality,  mechanisms  of  bio-power  and  regimes  of  normativization  for  psychoanalysts  to  address  themselves  to.  Queer  theory’s  use  of  psychoanalysis  is  critical  to  its  Foucault-inspired  project  of  critically  exploring  desire,  pleasure, identity and the social fabric itself. Psychoanalysts, for their part, offer psychoanalytic theory, clinical practice and the extraordinary  value  of  the  clinical  vignette,  the  psychoanalytic  tool par excellence. In addition, theorists of psychoanalysis and sexuality  bring  their  insights  to  bear  on  this  “queer”  marriage  between psychoanalysis and queer theory for readers to add to their experience of the book.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Clinical Encounters in Sexuality makes an intervention into the fields of clinical psychoanalysis and sexuality studies, in an effort to think about a range of issues relating to sexuality from a clinical psychoanalytic perspective. This book concentrates on a number of concepts, namely identity, desire, pleasure, perversion, ethics and discourse. The editors, Noreen Giffney and Eve Watson, have chosen queer theory, a sub-field of sexuality studies, as an interlocutor for the clinical contributors, because it is at the forefront of theoretical considerations of sexuality, as well as being both reliant upon and suspicious of psychoanalysis as a clinical practice and discourse. The book brings together a number of psychoanalytic schools of thought and clinical approaches, which are sometimes at odds with one another and thus tend not to engage in dialogue about divisive theoretical concepts and matters of clinical technique. Traditions represented here include: Freudian, Kleinian, Independent, Lacanian, Jungian, and Relational. The volume also stages, for the first time, a sustained clinical psychoanalytic engagement with queer theory. By virtue of its editorial design, this book aims to foster a self-reflective attitude in clinical readers about sexuality which historically has tended toward reification&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text>Introduction: Clinical Encounters in Sexuality: Psychoanalytic Practice and Queer Theory, by Noreen Giffney

SECTION 1: QUEER  THEORIES /

Chapter 1 [Identity]: Precarious Sexualities: Queer Challenges to Psychoanalytic and Social Identity Categorisation, by Alice Kuzniar -- Chapter 2 [Desire]: Are We Missing Something? Queer Desire, by Lara Farina -- Chapter 3 [Pleasure]: Jouissance: The Gash of Bliss, by Kathryn Bond Stockton -- Chapter 4 [Perversion]: Perversion and the Problem of Fluidity and Fixity, by Lisa Downing -- Chapter 5 [Ethics]: Out of Line, On Hold: D.W. Winnicott’s Queer Sensibilities, by Michael D. Snediker -- Chapter 6 [Discourse]: Discourse and the History of Sexuality, by Will Stockton

SECTION 2: PSYCHOANALYTIC RESPONSES /

Chapter 7: On Not Thinking Straight: Comments on a Conceptual Marriage, by R.D. Hinshelwood -- Chapter 8: Queer as a New Shelter from Castration, by Abe Geldhof and Paul Verhaeghe -- Chapter 9: The Redress of Psychoanalysis, by Ann Murphy -- Chapter 10: Queer Directions from Lacan, by Ian Parker -- Chapter 11: Queer Theory Meets Jung, by Claudette Kulkarni -- Chapter 12: Queer Troubles for Psychoanalysis, by Carol Owens -- Chapter 13: Clinique, by Aranye Fradenburg -- Chapter 14: From Tragic Fall to Programmatic Blueprint: ‘Behold this is Oedipus …’ by Olga Cox Cameron -- Chapter 15: Enigmatic Sexuality, by Katrine Zeuthen and Judy Gammelgaard -- Chapter 16: The Transforming Nexus: Psychoanalysis, Social Theory and Queer Childhood, by Ken Corbett -- Chapter 17: Clinical Encounters: The Queer New Times, by Rob Weatherill -- Chapter 18: Undoing Psychoanalysis: Towards a Clinical and Conceptual Metistopia, by Dany Nobus -- Chapter 19: ‘You make me feel like a natural woman’: Thoughts on a Case of Transsexual Identity Formation and Queer Theory, by Ami Kaplan -- Chapter 20: Sexual Difference: From Symptom to Sinthome, by Patricia Gherovici

SECTION 3: RESPONSES TO PSYCHOANALYTIC PRACTICES ENCOUNTERING QUEER THEORIES /

Chapter 21: A Plague on Both Your Houses, by Stephen Frosh -- Chapter 22: Something Amiss, by Jacqueline Rose -- Chapter 23: Taking Shelter from Queer, by Tim Dean -- Chapter 24: Courageous Drawings of Vigilant Ambiguities, by Noreen O’Connor -- Chapter 25: Understanding Homophobia, by Mark J. Blechner -- Chapter 26: Transgender and Psychoanalysis, by Susan Stryker -- Chapter 27: The Psychoanalysis that Dare Not Speak Its Name, Ona Nierenberg

ABOUT THE COVER / On the Not-Meanings of Karla Black's There Can Be No Arguments, by Medb Ruane

AFTERWORD, by Eve Watson</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In the essay “The Theory of Seduction and the Problem of the Other”  (1997),  Jean  Laplanche  writes  of  a  concept  that  attrac-tively resonates with the term queer, insofar as queer sexuality is quintessentially defined by its inexplicability, incoherence, vola-tility, and contingency in contradistinction to a sexuality whose owner would claim is stable, fixed, and identifiable as an integral part of the self. Destabilizing claims to an abiding, undisturbed notion of the self, Laplanche speaks of das Andere—the  other-thing in us, the otherness of our unconscious—that all attempts at psychoanalytic interpretation cannot master. Laplanche pos-its  that  sexuality  is  an  enigma,  both  for  the  child  confronted  with the riddle of sexuality that the adult represents and for the adult who can never master the uncanny as first encountered in childhood. The parent in turn unconsciously transmits an aura of sexual mystery to the child, perpetuating and completing the cycle. Das Andere is hence the internal otherness that we perpet-ually carry within us and that de-centers us, but that is founded by contact with an external otherness.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Given that a particular configuration of sexual desire is the cen-tral emphasis of terms like “queer,” “homosexual,” “heterosexu-al,” “lesbian,” and “gay,” it is a somewhat odd fact that theoriza-tion of non-normative desire(s) has been outpaced by scholarly work  on  sexual  identity.  In  the  humanities,  the  overwhelming  interest in identity has been furthered by two important influ-ences. The first is the work of Michel Foucault, whose multivol-ume History  of  Sexuality  (1990,  1990,  1988)  argued  for  the  his-torical variability of identity-categories and, in doing so, shaped a  field  of  study  devoted  to  understanding  the  various  configu-rations of sexual identity in particular historical moments and locations. The second is the challenge to lesbian and gay studies posed by scholars of race, class, and ethnicity, who have right-fully  drawn  attention  to  the  varying  intersections  of  identity  previously  obscured  by  analysis  that  assumes  but  does  not  ac-knowledge  its  own  white,  middle-class  perspective.  Still,  even  the most identity-focused work either presupposes or points to models of desire, and analysis of these models is necessary not just for understanding the sexual self but for thinking about the affective communities available to that self.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Given that a particular configuration of sexual desire is the cen-tral emphasis of terms like “queer,” “homosexual,” “heterosexu-al,” “lesbian,” and “gay,” it is a somewhat odd fact that theoriza-tion of non-normative desire(s) has been outpaced by scholarly work  on  sexual  identity.  In  the  humanities,  the  overwhelming  interest in identity has been furthered by two important influ-ences. The first is the work of Michel Foucault, whose multivol-ume History  of  Sexuality  (1990,  1990,  1988)  argued  for  the  his-torical variability of identity-categories and, in doing so, shaped a  field  of  study  devoted  to  understanding  the  various  configu-rations of sexual identity in particular historical moments and locations. The second is the challenge to lesbian and gay studies posed by scholars of race, class, and ethnicity, who have right-fully  drawn  attention  to  the  varying  intersections  of  identity  previously  obscured  by  analysis  that  assumes  but  does  not  ac-knowledge  its  own  white,  middle-class  perspective.  Still,  even  the most identity-focused work either presupposes or points to models of desire, and analysis of these models is necessary not just for understanding the sexual self but for thinking about the affective communities available to that self.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Pleasure: Jouissance: The Gash of Bliss</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Kathryn Bond Stockton</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>University of Utah</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Jouissance  is  the  strangest  glistening,  a  dark  glamour  of  rap-ture and disruption. It shines and cuts and leaves its bearer not knowing  what  to  make  of  herself—or  her  pleasure.  She  is  left  beside  herself,  feeling  ecstatically  severed  from  herself,  seized  by subtleties, strange to say, even though bliss is an overwhelming  force.  (“Spiritual  joy,”  says  American  Heritage;  “paradise,”  “seventh heaven,” “cloud nine,” adds Roget’s.) Bliss is a word for impossibilities, felt and grasped as such. Something (im)possible coursing through the body, bending the mind. Then, on a dime: rapid, luminous deteriorations.If  per  chance  it  didn’t  exist,  queers  would  invent  it.  Along  with irony, bliss is a quintessential queer accouterment. It’s he-donistic and wedded to pain. It’s clearly buoyant, yet it is dark. It’s  provocatively  sexy,  intimate,  scandalous,  and  bodily,  while  it’s evasive of capture and speech. Beyond the reach of words, it’s both spiritual and material — spiritual materialist — a material-ity that is ineffable and escapes norms. It’s the perversion every-one shares, no one knows, and, with its shadows and ties to loss, society denies in favor of “pleasure.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Jouissance  is  the  strangest  glistening,  a  dark  glamour  of  rap-ture and disruption. It shines and cuts and leaves its bearer not knowing  what  to  make  of  herself—or  her  pleasure.  She  is  left  beside  herself,  feeling  ecstatically  severed  from  herself,  seized  by subtleties, strange to say, even though bliss is an overwhelming  force.  (“Spiritual  joy,”  says  American  Heritage;  “paradise,”  “seventh heaven,” “cloud nine,” adds Roget’s.) Bliss is a word for impossibilities, felt and grasped as such. Something (im)possible coursing through the body, bending the mind. Then, on a dime: rapid, luminous deteriorations.If  per  chance  it  didn’t  exist,  queers  would  invent  it.  Along  with irony, bliss is a quintessential queer accouterment. It’s he-donistic and wedded to pain. It’s clearly buoyant, yet it is dark. It’s  provocatively  sexy,  intimate,  scandalous,  and  bodily,  while  it’s evasive of capture and speech. Beyond the reach of words, it’s both spiritual and material — spiritual materialist — a material-ity that is ineffable and escapes norms. It’s the perversion every-one shares, no one knows, and, with its shadows and ties to loss, society denies in favor of “pleasure.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Perversion</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Perversion and the Problem of Fluidity and Fixity</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Lisa Downing</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>University of Birmingham</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;It is a commonplace to state that the problem of sexuality is cen-tral to the endeavors of both psychoanalysis and queer theory. Whereas for psychoanalysis, traditionally at least, sexuality has an etiological status as the nexus of f/phantasies underlying an analysand’s symptoms and behaviors, for queer theorists, espe-cially following Michel Foucault, sexuality is a constructed epis-temological category that functions to normalize the behaviors and bodies of social subjects. In the former, it is a source of truth to be tapped; in the latter it is a pervasive and power-laden lie to be exposed. Whereas psychoanalysis relies on a developmental model  of  sexuality  (Sigmund  Freud,  Melanie  Klein  and  so  on)  or a structural one (for example, Jacques Lacan), “queer” takes the theory of performativity as its explicatory model to account for  the  ways  in  which  subjects  learn  to  “do”  their  genders  and  sexualities.  Moreover,  the  category  of  “perversion”  has  central  import  for  theorizations  of  sexuality  within  both  psychoanal-ysis  and  queer  theory.  For  clinical  psychoanalysts,  perversion  is sexuality gone awry; the failure of the subject to attain adult genitality.  For  queer  theorists,  on  the  other  hand,  perversion  may be construed as a defiant performance of excess that shows up the constructedness and arbitrariness of the category of the “normal,”  and  it  is  centrally  implicated  in  queer’s  rejection  of  the  meaning  of  identity  in  favor  of  the  politics  of  practice.  In  what follows, however, I will focus on a pair of concepts that are central to both psychoanalytic and queer thinking on sexuality and  its  perverse  forms  —  namely  fixity  and  fluidity — in  order to  trouble  certain  orthodoxies  within  both  bodies  of  thought.  In this way, I will neither pathologize queer in the name of psy-choanalysis, nor accuse psychoanalysis of reactionary politics in the name of queer. Rather I shall highlight — and challenge — a logic that is surprisingly shared by both systems.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;It is a commonplace to state that the problem of sexuality is cen-tral to the endeavors of both psychoanalysis and queer theory. Whereas for psychoanalysis, traditionally at least, sexuality has an etiological status as the nexus of f/phantasies underlying an analysand’s symptoms and behaviors, for queer theorists, espe-cially following Michel Foucault, sexuality is a constructed epis-temological category that functions to normalize the behaviors and bodies of social subjects. In the former, it is a source of truth to be tapped; in the latter it is a pervasive and power-laden lie to be exposed. Whereas psychoanalysis relies on a developmental model  of  sexuality  (Sigmund  Freud,  Melanie  Klein  and  so  on)  or a structural one (for example, Jacques Lacan), “queer” takes the theory of performativity as its explicatory model to account for  the  ways  in  which  subjects  learn  to  “do”  their  genders  and  sexualities.  Moreover,  the  category  of  “perversion”  has  central  import  for  theorizations  of  sexuality  within  both  psychoanal-ysis  and  queer  theory.  For  clinical  psychoanalysts,  perversion  is sexuality gone awry; the failure of the subject to attain adult genitality.  For  queer  theorists,  on  the  other  hand,  perversion  may be construed as a defiant performance of excess that shows up the constructedness and arbitrariness of the category of the “normal,”  and  it  is  centrally  implicated  in  queer’s  rejection  of  the  meaning  of  identity  in  favor  of  the  politics  of  practice.  In  what follows, however, I will focus on a pair of concepts that are central to both psychoanalytic and queer thinking on sexuality and  its  perverse  forms  —  namely  fixity  and  fluidity — in  order to  trouble  certain  orthodoxies  within  both  bodies  of  thought.  In this way, I will neither pathologize queer in the name of psy-choanalysis, nor accuse psychoanalysis of reactionary politics in the name of queer. Rather I shall highlight — and challenge — a logic that is surprisingly shared by both systems.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <PersonName>Downing, Lisa </PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Ethics: Out of Line, On Hold: D.W. Winnicott's Queer Sensibilities</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Michael D. Snediker</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Michael D.</NamesBeforeKey>
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            <Affiliation>University of Houston</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This chapter situates its discussion of ethics in the work of the mid-twentieth   century   British   psychoanalyst,   D.W.   Winni-cott. Winnicott’s theorization of transitional objects and good-enough  mothers  has  inspired  the  scholarship  of  thinkers  such  as Mary Jacobus (2005) and Adam Phillips (1989); at the same time, Winnicott’s output figures, in Deleuzian terms, as a minor literature in the larger psychoanalytic landscape. The sympatico of Winnicott’s work with many recent queer-theoretical investi-gations of intersubjectivity alone necessitates our continued re-appraisal of what he may teach us. Unlike that of Jacques Lacan, who devoted a seminar to the ethics of psychoanalysis, Winnicott’s  contribution  to  psychoanalytic  ethics  must  be  trawled  in  pieces, and culled without prior sense of what that ethics might eventually resemble. In this sense, the very practice of returning to  Winnicott  resembles  the  non-paranoid  reading  position  of  Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick, a queer theorist who taught, more than anyone I can think of, the inseparability of ethics from the sur-prise  of  not  knowing  in  advance  where  desire  might  converge  with  rigor,  gauziness,  creativity,  and  or  delight.  To  read  Win-nicott alongside Sedgwick is to aspire toward for an ethics freed from the normatively non-contingent, but no less predicated on the contingencies of availing dislocation.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This chapter situates its discussion of ethics in the work of the mid-twentieth   century   British   psychoanalyst,   D.W.   Winni-cott. Winnicott’s theorization of transitional objects and good-enough  mothers  has  inspired  the  scholarship  of  thinkers  such  as Mary Jacobus (2005) and Adam Phillips (1989); at the same time, Winnicott’s output figures, in Deleuzian terms, as a minor literature in the larger psychoanalytic landscape. The sympatico of Winnicott’s work with many recent queer-theoretical investi-gations of intersubjectivity alone necessitates our continued re-appraisal of what he may teach us. Unlike that of Jacques Lacan, who devoted a seminar to the ethics of psychoanalysis, Winnicott’s  contribution  to  psychoanalytic  ethics  must  be  trawled  in  pieces, and culled without prior sense of what that ethics might eventually resemble. In this sense, the very practice of returning to  Winnicott  resembles  the  non-paranoid  reading  position  of  Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick, a queer theorist who taught, more than anyone I can think of, the inseparability of ethics from the sur-prise  of  not  knowing  in  advance  where  desire  might  converge  with  rigor,  gauziness,  creativity,  and  or  delight.  To  read  Win-nicott alongside Sedgwick is to aspire toward for an ethics freed from the normatively non-contingent, but no less predicated on the contingencies of availing dislocation.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Snediker, Michael </PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Discourse</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Discourse and the History of Sexuality</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Will Stockton</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>Clemson University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Following  the  French  historian  and  philosopher  Michel  Fou-cault,  contemporary  queer  scholars  frequently  maintain  that  sexuality  is  a  product  of  discourse.  At  its  most  basic,  discoursemeans  speech,  but  for  Foucault  (1972)  discourse  is  “the  gener-al  domain  of  all  statements,  sometimes  as  an  individualisable  group of statements, and sometimes as a regulated practice that accounts for a number of statements” (80). In the first volume of The History of Sexuality, Foucault (1990a) frames the relationship between  sexuality  and  discourse  in  this  way:  sexuality  is  “the  correlative  of  that  slowly  developed  discursive  practice  which  constitutes the scientia sexualis” (68)—the Western “regulated practice”  of  classifying,  monitoring,  and  disciplining  individu-als based on what Freud would call their choice of sexual objects or the directions of their sexual aims. The scientia sexualis  has  its roots in the Catholic practice of confession, which from the Middle  Ages  enjoined  people  to  speak  about  sex  in  extraordinary  detail,  to  seek  out  “all  insinuations  of  the  flesh:  thoughts,  desires,  voluptuous  imaginings,  delectations,  combined  move-ments of the body and soul” (19). In the nineteenth and twenti-eth  centuries,  psychiatry  and  psychoanalysis  contributed  to  the  secular appropriation of the church’s insistence that each person transform his or her sex into discourse. As Foucault wryly notes, “Ours  is,  after  all,  the  only  civilization  in  which  individuals  are  paid to listen to all and sundry impart the secrets of their sex: as if the urge to talk about it, and the interest one hopes to arouse by doing so, have far surpassed the possibilities of being heard, so that some individuals have even offered their ears for hire”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Following  the  French  historian  and  philosopher  Michel  Fou-cault,  contemporary  queer  scholars  frequently  maintain  that  sexuality  is  a  product  of  discourse.  At  its  most  basic,  discoursemeans  speech,  but  for  Foucault  (1972)  discourse  is  “the  gener-al  domain  of  all  statements,  sometimes  as  an  individualisable  group of statements, and sometimes as a regulated practice that accounts for a number of statements” (80). In the first volume of The History of Sexuality, Foucault (1990a) frames the relationship between  sexuality  and  discourse  in  this  way:  sexuality  is  “the  correlative  of  that  slowly  developed  discursive  practice  which  constitutes the scientia sexualis” (68)—the Western “regulated practice”  of  classifying,  monitoring,  and  disciplining  individu-als based on what Freud would call their choice of sexual objects or the directions of their sexual aims. The scientia sexualis  has  its roots in the Catholic practice of confession, which from the Middle  Ages  enjoined  people  to  speak  about  sex  in  extraordinary  detail,  to  seek  out  “all  insinuations  of  the  flesh:  thoughts,  desires,  voluptuous  imaginings,  delectations,  combined  move-ments of the body and soul” (19). In the nineteenth and twenti-eth  centuries,  psychiatry  and  psychoanalysis  contributed  to  the  secular appropriation of the church’s insistence that each person transform his or her sex into discourse. As Foucault wryly notes, “Ours  is,  after  all,  the  only  civilization  in  which  individuals  are  paid to listen to all and sundry impart the secrets of their sex: as if the urge to talk about it, and the interest one hopes to arouse by doing so, have far surpassed the possibilities of being heard, so that some individuals have even offered their ears for hire”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;It  is  ironic.  Psychoanalysis  was  born  in  the  context  of  sexual  transgression—the theory of seduction, and the Oedipal theo-ry. The plethora of sexualities was suddenly open to be known, and  in  principle  to  be  known  in  all  of  us.  But,  for  normative  reasons,  powerful  a  hundred  years  ago,  in  no  time  at  all,  that  opening  door  spawned  the  “Three  Essays  on  the  Theory  of  Sexuality” (Freud 1905); it became a classic that could easily be read  as  experts  in  the  clinic  normalizing  categories  of  sexual-ity,  and  defining  the  abnormal.  No  wonder  queer  theory  has  a  thoroughly mixed reaction—but to be fair, the selection in this book is a respectful one. On being asked to add a comment on the  chapters  in  section  one,  I  looked  forward  to  the  challenge.  They amass a “report” on the progress of the two innocent suitIt  is  ironic.  Psychoanalysis  was  born  in  the  context  of  sexual  transgression—the theory of seduction, and the Oedipal theo-ry. The plethora of sexualities was suddenly open to be known, and  in  principle  to  be  known  in  all  of  us.  But,  for  normative  reasons,  powerful  a  hundred  years  ago,  in  no  time  at  all,  that  opening  door  spawned  the  “Three  Essays  on  the  Theory  of  Sexuality” (Freud 1905); it became a classic that could easily be read  as  experts  in  the  clinic  normalizing  categories  of  sexual-ity,  and  defining  the  abnormal.  No  wonder  queer  theory  has  a  thoroughly mixed reaction—but to be fair, the selection in this book is a respectful one. On being asked to add a comment on the  chapters  in  section  one,  I  looked  forward  to  the  challenge.  They amass a “report” on the progress of the two innocent suit&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;It  is  ironic.  Psychoanalysis  was  born  in  the  context  of  sexual  transgression—the theory of seduction, and the Oedipal theo-ry. The plethora of sexualities was suddenly open to be known, and  in  principle  to  be  known  in  all  of  us.  But,  for  normative  reasons,  powerful  a  hundred  years  ago,  in  no  time  at  all,  that  opening  door  spawned  the  “Three  Essays  on  the  Theory  of  Sexuality” (Freud 1905); it became a classic that could easily be read  as  experts  in  the  clinic  normalizing  categories  of  sexual-ity,  and  defining  the  abnormal.  No  wonder  queer  theory  has  a  thoroughly mixed reaction—but to be fair, the selection in this book is a respectful one. On being asked to add a comment on the  chapters  in  section  one,  I  looked  forward  to  the  challenge.  They amass a “report” on the progress of the two innocent suitIt  is  ironic.  Psychoanalysis  was  born  in  the  context  of  sexual  transgression—the theory of seduction, and the Oedipal theo-ry. The plethora of sexualities was suddenly open to be known, and  in  principle  to  be  known  in  all  of  us.  But,  for  normative  reasons,  powerful  a  hundred  years  ago,  in  no  time  at  all,  that  opening  door  spawned  the  “Three  Essays  on  the  Theory  of  Sexuality” (Freud 1905); it became a classic that could easily be read  as  experts  in  the  clinic  normalizing  categories  of  sexual-ity,  and  defining  the  abnormal.  No  wonder  queer  theory  has  a  thoroughly mixed reaction—but to be fair, the selection in this book is a respectful one. On being asked to add a comment on the  chapters  in  section  one,  I  looked  forward  to  the  challenge.  They amass a “report” on the progress of the two innocent suit&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <PersonName>Abe Geldhof</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Somewhere  in  his  diaries,  Søren  Kierkegaard  (1998)  wonders  about  how  Jesus  Christ  would  react  when  asked  to  prove  that  he is really the son of God. If he really is, Kierkegaard says, then he would not prove it, because his existence is the proof. If Je-sus were to comply with the request to prove it, he would make himself appear not to be the son of God. Lacan (1986[1959–60]) says something similar about the perversion of Sade. In his sev-enth seminar on ethics he notes that the more Sade shouts not to be bound by any law, the more it becomes clear that the Law remains indestructible at its core (225–41).Jesus Christ doesn’t prove he is Jesus Christ because he is Je-sus  Christ:  his  existence  is  the  proof.  Sade,  on  the  other  hand,  has to prove ceaselessly that he is not bound by any law, but in producing transgression after transgression, it becomes obvious that his pleasure is only possible because of the law. Without the law no transgression is possible. The silence of being contrasts sharply with the shrieking noise of discourse.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Somewhere  in  his  diaries,  Søren  Kierkegaard  (1998)  wonders  about  how  Jesus  Christ  would  react  when  asked  to  prove  that  he is really the son of God. If he really is, Kierkegaard says, then he would not prove it, because his existence is the proof. If Je-sus were to comply with the request to prove it, he would make himself appear not to be the son of God. Lacan (1986[1959–60]) says something similar about the perversion of Sade. In his sev-enth seminar on ethics he notes that the more Sade shouts not to be bound by any law, the more it becomes clear that the Law remains indestructible at its core (225–41).Jesus Christ doesn’t prove he is Jesus Christ because he is Je-sus  Christ:  his  existence  is  the  proof.  Sade,  on  the  other  hand,  has to prove ceaselessly that he is not bound by any law, but in producing transgression after transgression, it becomes obvious that his pleasure is only possible because of the law. Without the law no transgression is possible. The silence of being contrasts sharply with the shrieking noise of discourse.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Seamus  Heaney’s  eloquent  apologia  on  behalf  of  poetry  cap-tures  more  accurately  than  most  psychoanalytic  texts  my  own  way of thinking about the practice of psychoanalysis. Thinking through poetry may be my antidote to some tendencies in psy-choanalytic theory, language and practice towards institutional-ized rigidity, with its focus on the adaptive and the normative, as opposed to the radical sense of the singularity and uniqueness of the individual, which is the gift of psychoanalysis at its best. Postmodern, social constructionist critiques of gender, sexu-ality,  and  identity  have  challenged  essentialist  psychoanalytic  notions  of  psychosexual  development,  fixed  gender  identity,  and stable sexual orientation. Such critiques challenge psycho-analysts to recognize and interrogate assumptions that we hold about sexuality, identity, gender, and subjectivity, and to address the  contradictions  that  have  permeated  psychoanalytic  thinking on these questions, all the way back to Freud’s radical, con-flicted, disorderly, multiply revised, and exuberantly footnoted “Three Essays on the Theory of Sexuality” .&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Seamus  Heaney’s  eloquent  apologia  on  behalf  of  poetry  cap-tures  more  accurately  than  most  psychoanalytic  texts  my  own  way of thinking about the practice of psychoanalysis. Thinking through poetry may be my antidote to some tendencies in psy-choanalytic theory, language and practice towards institutional-ized rigidity, with its focus on the adaptive and the normative, as opposed to the radical sense of the singularity and uniqueness of the individual, which is the gift of psychoanalysis at its best. Postmodern, social constructionist critiques of gender, sexu-ality,  and  identity  have  challenged  essentialist  psychoanalytic  notions  of  psychosexual  development,  fixed  gender  identity,  and stable sexual orientation. Such critiques challenge psycho-analysts to recognize and interrogate assumptions that we hold about sexuality, identity, gender, and subjectivity, and to address the  contradictions  that  have  permeated  psychoanalytic  thinking on these questions, all the way back to Freud’s radical, con-flicted, disorderly, multiply revised, and exuberantly footnoted “Three Essays on the Theory of Sexuality” .&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Queer Directions from Lacan</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Ian Parker</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>University of Leicester</Affiliation>
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            <WebsiteLink>https://parkerian.com/</WebsiteLink>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Queer functions at its most radical as an activity rather than as a noun, and, as many queer activists have noticed, the reduction to noun-form threatens to sediment what queer “is,” especially to sediment it in the adaptable identities that neoliberal heter-opatriarchal capitalism now works with so well. So, “to queer” as an intervention, as transformational process, already transcends the  opposition  between  noun  and  verb  while  refusing  to  rest,  refusing to accept a transcendent position that pretends to have escaped that opposition. Three moments in this transformation-al process, in a little history of queer, lead us directly to psychoa-nalysis,  perhaps  back  to  the  psychoanalysis  from  which  it  first  sprung, but with which, against which, queer has an uncannily-appropriate suspicious relationship.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Queer functions at its most radical as an activity rather than as a noun, and, as many queer activists have noticed, the reduction to noun-form threatens to sediment what queer “is,” especially to sediment it in the adaptable identities that neoliberal heter-opatriarchal capitalism now works with so well. So, “to queer” as an intervention, as transformational process, already transcends the  opposition  between  noun  and  verb  while  refusing  to  rest,  refusing to accept a transcendent position that pretends to have escaped that opposition. Three moments in this transformation-al process, in a little history of queer, lead us directly to psychoa-nalysis,  perhaps  back  to  the  psychoanalysis  from  which  it  first  sprung, but with which, against which, queer has an uncannily-appropriate suspicious relationship.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;I  will  begin  by  disclosing  my  own  prejudices  since  they  surely  have shaped my reactions to these chapters. Psychological  Prejudices.  In  spite  of  the  sexism,  heterosex-ism, and racism that invade Carl Jung’s theorizing, I am a Jungi-an—or, more accurately, a post-Jungian1—and a feminist. The challenge  for  me  as  a  lesbian  Jungian  has  been  not  to  defend,  reinterpret, contort, or reformulate Jung and his theories—but, rather,  to  use  Jung,  often  against  himself,  in  ways  that  seem  “truly  Jungian”  and  thus,  hopefully,  to  follow  through  on  the  “subversive possibility that Jung opens up” (Samuels 1989, tape) when we take him “beyond” himself. Philosophical Horizons. My reading in queer theory has been motivated mainly by the work of Judith Butler and has focused on  queer  theory’s  usefulness  in  understanding  LGBTQI  experi-ence in a heterosexist and genderized world. My philosophical prejudices derive from the work of Hans-Georg Gadamer, espe-cially his approach to hermeneutics and the problem of under-standing.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;I  will  begin  by  disclosing  my  own  prejudices  since  they  surely  have shaped my reactions to these chapters. Psychological  Prejudices.  In  spite  of  the  sexism,  heterosex-ism, and racism that invade Carl Jung’s theorizing, I am a Jungi-an—or, more accurately, a post-Jungian1—and a feminist. The challenge  for  me  as  a  lesbian  Jungian  has  been  not  to  defend,  reinterpret, contort, or reformulate Jung and his theories—but, rather,  to  use  Jung,  often  against  himself,  in  ways  that  seem  “truly  Jungian”  and  thus,  hopefully,  to  follow  through  on  the  “subversive possibility that Jung opens up” (Samuels 1989, tape) when we take him “beyond” himself. Philosophical Horizons. My reading in queer theory has been motivated mainly by the work of Judith Butler and has focused on  queer  theory’s  usefulness  in  understanding  LGBTQI  experi-ence in a heterosexist and genderized world. My philosophical prejudices derive from the work of Hans-Georg Gadamer, espe-cially his approach to hermeneutics and the problem of under-standing.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;As a critical psychologist in Britain in the mid-1990s, I experi-enced  many  of  the  effects  that  queer  theory,  critical  feminism  and  post-structuralism  had  upon  social  science  research  and  discourse theory at this time. Wide-ranging debates about ma-terialism,  essentialism,  and  biological  reductionism  revolved  around  the  purloining  of  the  human  subject  by  mainstream  social,  psychological  and  biomedical  science.  The  critical  pro-ject’s devotion to decentering the same subject, destabilizing the taken-for-granted,  and  deconstructing  the  practices  warranted  by  the  mainstream  contributed  to  the  writing  of  thousands  of  research  articles  and  conference  presentations,  not  to  mention  hundreds  of  books  and  as  many  careers  launched  in  the  mo-bilization of the critical agenda. My own doctoral work on the examination  of  “compulsory  heterosexuality”  at  the  site  of  the  “couple”  as  constituted  by  and  within  the  psy-discourses  was  typical for the time. People like me were usually referred to dis-paragingly within the mainstream as “social constructionists” or worse  “constructivists.”  We  moved  through  our  doctoral  years  occasionally  caught  up  with  dilemmas  over  relativism  which  would  spur  a  whole  other  rake  of  research  articles  and  papers  dedicated to the declaring of the reality of death, the holocaust, and furniture. Some of us were labelled “critical realists” when we  got  too  concerned  about  the  political,  “unreconstructed  feminists”  when  we  worried  overly  about  “woman,”  and  unreflexive allegiance to any of the great “isms” (Marx, Freud, “Fem-in”)  necessitated  some  serious  time  spent  in  the  careful  study  and contemplation of Donna Haraway’s (2013) groundbreaking work Simians, Cyborgs, and Women where we would be firmly reminded that all knowledge is situated, all identities fractured, and that the “local” tops the “global” every time when it comes to  theorizing.  In  general,  at  this  time,  “psychoanalysis”  was  at  best a foolish word, at worst, a bad word.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;As a critical psychologist in Britain in the mid-1990s, I experi-enced  many  of  the  effects  that  queer  theory,  critical  feminism  and  post-structuralism  had  upon  social  science  research  and  discourse theory at this time. Wide-ranging debates about ma-terialism,  essentialism,  and  biological  reductionism  revolved  around  the  purloining  of  the  human  subject  by  mainstream  social,  psychological  and  biomedical  science.  The  critical  pro-ject’s devotion to decentering the same subject, destabilizing the taken-for-granted,  and  deconstructing  the  practices  warranted  by  the  mainstream  contributed  to  the  writing  of  thousands  of  research  articles  and  conference  presentations,  not  to  mention  hundreds  of  books  and  as  many  careers  launched  in  the  mo-bilization of the critical agenda. My own doctoral work on the examination  of  “compulsory  heterosexuality”  at  the  site  of  the  “couple”  as  constituted  by  and  within  the  psy-discourses  was  typical for the time. People like me were usually referred to dis-paragingly within the mainstream as “social constructionists” or worse  “constructivists.”  We  moved  through  our  doctoral  years  occasionally  caught  up  with  dilemmas  over  relativism  which  would  spur  a  whole  other  rake  of  research  articles  and  papers  dedicated to the declaring of the reality of death, the holocaust, and furniture. Some of us were labelled “critical realists” when we  got  too  concerned  about  the  political,  “unreconstructed  feminists”  when  we  worried  overly  about  “woman,”  and  unreflexive allegiance to any of the great “isms” (Marx, Freud, “Fem-in”)  necessitated  some  serious  time  spent  in  the  careful  study  and contemplation of Donna Haraway’s (2013) groundbreaking work Simians, Cyborgs, and Women where we would be firmly reminded that all knowledge is situated, all identities fractured, and that the “local” tops the “global” every time when it comes to  theorizing.  In  general,  at  this  time,  “psychoanalysis”  was  at  best a foolish word, at worst, a bad word.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Academic  writing  about  psychoanalysis  does  not  often  engage  the practice of psychoanalysis in today’s USA, or vice versa. There are many reasons for this, and one is always wishing there were more  mutual  interest.  The  canons  differ;  academics  still  read  a  lot  of  Freud  and  later  continental  theory,  less  often  Anglo-American object relations theory, and much less often, Thomas Ogden,  Robert  Stoller,  Muriel  Dimen,  Joe  Natterson,  or  Mark  Leffert.  In  my  experience,  American  psychoanalysts  too  often  abdicate  their  intellectual  responsibilities  and  the  social  impli-cations  thereof;  too  few  of  us  regard  ourselves  as  minds  shap-ing  and  being  shaped  by  the  urgent  questions  of  our  time.  In  turn, academic psychoanalytic work does not, in my view, grap-ple closely enough with the reasons why particular people seek treatment, and with the ethics of responding or not responding to  misery  experienced  as  “personal,”  that  is,  felt  to  be  “inside.”  Queer theory has, remarkably, been to-and-fro-ing all over this ground,  in  its  agōn  with  psychoanalysis,  powerfully  critiquing  it, and equally powerfully re-thinking it, finally changing policy and helping to usher in “an exciting [era] of discovery” of sexu-ality’s range and resourcefulness (Roughton 2002, 757, referring to  the  first  decade  of  the  twenty-first  century).  The  chapters  to  which  I’m  responding  here  show  that  the  ground  shared  by  queer  theory  and  psychoanalysis  is  still  something  of  a  battleground,  but  they  also  show  that  the  debate  is  a  highly  creative  one, born of a provocatively uneasy intimacy.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Academic  writing  about  psychoanalysis  does  not  often  engage  the practice of psychoanalysis in today’s USA, or vice versa. There are many reasons for this, and one is always wishing there were more  mutual  interest.  The  canons  differ;  academics  still  read  a  lot  of  Freud  and  later  continental  theory,  less  often  Anglo-American object relations theory, and much less often, Thomas Ogden,  Robert  Stoller,  Muriel  Dimen,  Joe  Natterson,  or  Mark  Leffert.  In  my  experience,  American  psychoanalysts  too  often  abdicate  their  intellectual  responsibilities  and  the  social  impli-cations  thereof;  too  few  of  us  regard  ourselves  as  minds  shap-ing  and  being  shaped  by  the  urgent  questions  of  our  time.  In  turn, academic psychoanalytic work does not, in my view, grap-ple closely enough with the reasons why particular people seek treatment, and with the ethics of responding or not responding to  misery  experienced  as  “personal,”  that  is,  felt  to  be  “inside.”  Queer theory has, remarkably, been to-and-fro-ing all over this ground,  in  its  agōn  with  psychoanalysis,  powerfully  critiquing  it, and equally powerfully re-thinking it, finally changing policy and helping to usher in “an exciting [era] of discovery” of sexu-ality’s range and resourcefulness (Roughton 2002, 757, referring to  the  first  decade  of  the  twenty-first  century).  The  chapters  to  which  I’m  responding  here  show  that  the  ground  shared  by  queer  theory  and  psychoanalysis  is  still  something  of  a  battleground,  but  they  also  show  that  the  debate  is  a  highly  creative  one, born of a provocatively uneasy intimacy.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In the first flush of his discoveries Freud (1900) was much given to inventing mottoes for himself and for this new praxis which both excited and disturbed him. “Flectere si nequeo superos, Ach-eronta movebo,” he inscribes as epigraph to The Interpretation of Dreams: “What have they done to you poor child?” he suggests to  Fliess  as  he  attends  to  stories  of  shocking  childhood  abuse  (Masson 1985, 289). Reading this collection of queer responses to psychoanalytic theory I am tempted to affix Barthes’s (1975) statement, “we are scientific because we lack subtlety” (61), less as a motto than as a caveat to the large swathes of psychoanalytic theory  which  Alice  Kuzniar  challenges  in  her  opening  chapter  “Precarious Sexualities.”It is as astonishing to psychoanalysts as to non-analysts that a  theory  predicated  on  the  existence  of  the  unconscious  and  therefore  committed  to  the  radical  undercutting  of  an  abid-ing  undisturbed  notion  of  the  self  should  have  lent  itself  with  such  stalwartness  and  consistency  to  a  version  of  the  Oedipus  complex which in Kuzniar’s words presumes as its telos “a stable fixed identity of personhood that rests solidly within a unitary gender role and unwavering sexual object choice directed to the opposite of one’s own gender.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In the first flush of his discoveries Freud (1900) was much given to inventing mottoes for himself and for this new praxis which both excited and disturbed him. “Flectere si nequeo superos, Ach-eronta movebo,” he inscribes as epigraph to The Interpretation of Dreams: “What have they done to you poor child?” he suggests to  Fliess  as  he  attends  to  stories  of  shocking  childhood  abuse  (Masson 1985, 289). Reading this collection of queer responses to psychoanalytic theory I am tempted to affix Barthes’s (1975) statement, “we are scientific because we lack subtlety” (61), less as a motto than as a caveat to the large swathes of psychoanalytic theory  which  Alice  Kuzniar  challenges  in  her  opening  chapter  “Precarious Sexualities.”It is as astonishing to psychoanalysts as to non-analysts that a  theory  predicated  on  the  existence  of  the  unconscious  and  therefore  committed  to  the  radical  undercutting  of  an  abid-ing  undisturbed  notion  of  the  self  should  have  lent  itself  with  such  stalwartness  and  consistency  to  a  version  of  the  Oedipus  complex which in Kuzniar’s words presumes as its telos “a stable fixed identity of personhood that rests solidly within a unitary gender role and unwavering sexual object choice directed to the opposite of one’s own gender.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;It was not without hesitation that we agreed to take part in the discussion initiated by the editors of this book. We are only very superficially acquainted with queer theory, and as clinical prac-titioners  we  are  not  quite  at  ease  with  postmodern  and  post-structuralist thinking, and thus we felt ourselves to be unfamil-iar with the perspectives presented by those who are more well versed in this field.In some ways our apprehension was confirmed when we read the texts, but at the same time our curiosity was piqued when we realized that psychoanalysis was being both used and challenged by deconstructive readings of the Freudian theory of sexuality. As we gradually familiarized ourselves with this line of thinking, we found several perspectives we wanted to address. Because of the limited space, our answers to the many interesting and pro-vocative ideas are of course only preliminary. To this we want to add that we have confined ourselves to commenting on the ideas presented in this book and only occasionally on the ideas quoted in the book, many of which we are not familiar with.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;It was not without hesitation that we agreed to take part in the discussion initiated by the editors of this book. We are only very superficially acquainted with queer theory, and as clinical prac-titioners  we  are  not  quite  at  ease  with  postmodern  and  post-structuralist thinking, and thus we felt ourselves to be unfamil-iar with the perspectives presented by those who are more well versed in this field.In some ways our apprehension was confirmed when we read the texts, but at the same time our curiosity was piqued when we realized that psychoanalysis was being both used and challenged by deconstructive readings of the Freudian theory of sexuality. As we gradually familiarized ourselves with this line of thinking, we found several perspectives we wanted to address. Because of the limited space, our answers to the many interesting and pro-vocative ideas are of course only preliminary. To this we want to add that we have confined ourselves to commenting on the ideas presented in this book and only occasionally on the ideas quoted in the book, many of which we are not familiar with.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">The Transforming Nexus</TitleText>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Twenty-first-century clinical psychoanalysis surely has as much to  do  with  feminism,  queer  theory,  and  social  philosophy  as  it  does  with  Freudian  tenets,  postwar  British  object-relations  theory, American ego psychology, or even modern attachment models. The social critique of the normal is now developing de-velopmental theories. Questioning the rigid necessity of a nor-mative  symbolic  order  has  led  not  only  to  rethinking  human  development, but also to the re-conception of psychotherapeu-tic care.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Twenty-first-century clinical psychoanalysis surely has as much to  do  with  feminism,  queer  theory,  and  social  philosophy  as  it  does  with  Freudian  tenets,  postwar  British  object-relations  theory, American ego psychology, or even modern attachment models. The social critique of the normal is now developing de-velopmental theories. Questioning the rigid necessity of a nor-mative  symbolic  order  has  led  not  only  to  rethinking  human  development, but also to the re-conception of psychotherapeu-tic care.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;“Let’s get a few things straight,” says a middle-aged man at the beginning of yet another fraught session, “I want you to accept that I am a married man; I am heterosexual and happy to be so; I love my wife and my children; I am good at my work. So can we return to what I sought these sessions for in the first place, namely my chronic anxiety? This is what I need to put right and I need your help.” Of course, this demand for the analyst to get a few things clear—“straight”—is precisely the issue: the analyst simply repeats the guiding principle about free association.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;“Let’s get a few things straight,” says a middle-aged man at the beginning of yet another fraught session, “I want you to accept that I am a married man; I am heterosexual and happy to be so; I love my wife and my children; I am good at my work. So can we return to what I sought these sessions for in the first place, namely my chronic anxiety? This is what I need to put right and I need your help.” Of course, this demand for the analyst to get a few things clear—“straight”—is precisely the issue: the analyst simply repeats the guiding principle about free association.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Undoing Psychoanalysis</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Towards a Clinical and Conceptual Metistopia</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Dany Nobus</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;It was not exactly Freud’s birthday, but on April 27, 1995, the em-inent  French  psychoanalyst  André  Green  (1995)  delivered  the  “Sigmund  Freud  Birthday  Lecture”  at  the  Anna  Freud  Centre  in London under the title “Has Sexuality Anything To Do With Psychoanalysis?”  In  the  opening  sections  of  his  paper,  Green  explained that his provocative question had been prompted by a  twofold  observation.  On  the  one  hand,  he  had  noticed  how  since the mid-1980s sexuality had all but disappeared as a “ma-jor concept” and a “theoretical function of heuristic value” from the  psychoanalytic  literature,  with  the  exception  of  “the  ever  problematic  topic  of  feminine  sexuality.”  On  the  other  hand,  he  had  ascertained  how  practicing  psychoanalysts,  when  pre-senting  case  material,  were  more  inclined  to  focus  on  the  ego,  inter-subjectivity and destructiveness, for example, rather than the role played by sexuality in the mental economy of their pa-tients. In light of these considerations, and wishing the founder of  psychoanalysis  well  for  his  birthday,  Green  went  on  to  em-phasize the value and significance of a thorough re-appraisal of Freud’s  key  contributions  to  the  psychoanalytic  study  of  sexu-ality—libido,  the  Oedipus  complex,  genitality,  the  vicissitudes  of  the  drives  (Eros  and  Thanatos),  narcissism—subsequently  responding to his own call in the 1997 monograph The Chains of Eros (2000) by newly integrating these and other notions into a hierarchical “erotic chain,” starting from the drive and ending in language and sublimation.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;It was not exactly Freud’s birthday, but on April 27, 1995, the em-inent  French  psychoanalyst  André  Green  (1995)  delivered  the  “Sigmund  Freud  Birthday  Lecture”  at  the  Anna  Freud  Centre  in London under the title “Has Sexuality Anything To Do With Psychoanalysis?”  In  the  opening  sections  of  his  paper,  Green  explained that his provocative question had been prompted by a  twofold  observation.  On  the  one  hand,  he  had  noticed  how  since the mid-1980s sexuality had all but disappeared as a “ma-jor concept” and a “theoretical function of heuristic value” from the  psychoanalytic  literature,  with  the  exception  of  “the  ever  problematic  topic  of  feminine  sexuality.”  On  the  other  hand,  he  had  ascertained  how  practicing  psychoanalysts,  when  pre-senting  case  material,  were  more  inclined  to  focus  on  the  ego,  inter-subjectivity and destructiveness, for example, rather than the role played by sexuality in the mental economy of their pa-tients. In light of these considerations, and wishing the founder of  psychoanalysis  well  for  his  birthday,  Green  went  on  to  em-phasize the value and significance of a thorough re-appraisal of Freud’s  key  contributions  to  the  psychoanalytic  study  of  sexu-ality—libido,  the  Oedipus  complex,  genitality,  the  vicissitudes  of  the  drives  (Eros  and  Thanatos),  narcissism—subsequently  responding to his own call in the 1997 monograph The Chains of Eros (2000) by newly integrating these and other notions into a hierarchical “erotic chain,” starting from the drive and ending in language and sublimation.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">"You make me feel like a natural woman</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">" Thoughts on a Case of Transsexual Identity Formation and Queer Theory</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Ami Kaplan</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This  chapter  is  about  a  male  to  female  transsexual1  individual  and  some  contemplation  about  her  life  through  the  lens  of  queer  theory.  I  will  introduce  her  shortly,  but  first  I  will  out-line my psychoanalytic orientation and clinical stance in regard to  transgender  clients.  My  psychoanalytic  theoretical  position  is  both  Freudian  (from  an  Ego  Psychology  perspective)  and  based in Object Relations. Within Object Relations, I am most informed  by  Winnicott  and  Fairbairn.  I  don’t  subscribe  to  any  psychoanalytic or environmentally-based etiology theories that include such explanations of transsexualism as a defense against homosexuality;  based  on  the  mother’s  emotional  state;  stem-ming  from  insecure  attachment  to  the  mother  or  other  prob-lems in the family dynamic (Greenson 1966; Bak 1968; Green-acre  1969;  Stoller  1970;  Ovesey  and  Person  1973;  1976;  Coates  1990). The type of work I do with these individuals takes a non-pathologizing  stance  and  does  not  try  to  figure  out  how  they  became transgender. Rather it centers on helping gender variant individuals be who they authentically feel themselves to be.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This  chapter  is  about  a  male  to  female  transsexual1  individual  and  some  contemplation  about  her  life  through  the  lens  of  queer  theory.  I  will  introduce  her  shortly,  but  first  I  will  out-line my psychoanalytic orientation and clinical stance in regard to  transgender  clients.  My  psychoanalytic  theoretical  position  is  both  Freudian  (from  an  Ego  Psychology  perspective)  and  based in Object Relations. Within Object Relations, I am most informed  by  Winnicott  and  Fairbairn.  I  don’t  subscribe  to  any  psychoanalytic or environmentally-based etiology theories that include such explanations of transsexualism as a defense against homosexuality;  based  on  the  mother’s  emotional  state;  stem-ming  from  insecure  attachment  to  the  mother  or  other  prob-lems in the family dynamic (Greenson 1966; Bak 1968; Green-acre  1969;  Stoller  1970;  Ovesey  and  Person  1973;  1976;  Coates  1990). The type of work I do with these individuals takes a non-pathologizing  stance  and  does  not  try  to  figure  out  how  they  became transgender. Rather it centers on helping gender variant individuals be who they authentically feel themselves to be.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Sexual Difference</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">From Symptom to Sinthome</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Patricia Gherovici</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>University of Pennsylvania</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;“We speak therein of fucking, and we say that it’s not working out”  (Lacan  1998[1972–73],  32).  Without  splitting  hairs,  Lacan  bluntly  summed  up  what  people  talk  about  when  they  are  on  the  analytic  couch.  If  all  what  we  talk  about  on  the  couch  is  sex, nothing much has been discovered in psychoanalysis since Freud and Lacan. Freud’s major revelation that the unconscious is  at  root  sexual  is  confirmed  in  our  current  practice.  It  is  not  just that, as Lacan has noted, one hears that something is wrong with sex. Consider the case of one of my analysands, Melissa, a twenty-four-year-old female, who felt that her analysis was pro-gressing because she was “feeling pretty stable and calmer.” She added however that “at the end of the day” she always felt anx-ious. “Perhaps it’s this recurrent thinking, this unrelenting ques-tioning,”  she  added.  Her  problems,  she  knew,  were  about  rela-tionships.  The  trouble  was  not  just  her  mother,  looming  large  and overwhelming, or her father, weak and slightly perverse, but her current boyfriend, who overwhelmed her with his affection. “I want to figure out what Mike means to me. Sometimes I ex-perience a sense of happiness because I love him; it can be really wonderful.  Sex  can  be  good  but  as  soon  as  he  expresses  how  much he loves me, I have only regret.” Fundamentally, his love and  support  did  not  bring  her  satisfaction  but  rather  a  sense  of  loss  and  emptiness.  “His  intense  admiration  for  me  is  over-whelming. As if I were cut off from him or myself. Something keeps  me  from  connecting  with  him.”  Melissa  had  a  suspicion  about what the problem was: “It is the issue of seeing other peo-ple, but it does not seem worthwhile.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;“We speak therein of fucking, and we say that it’s not working out”  (Lacan  1998[1972–73],  32).  Without  splitting  hairs,  Lacan  bluntly  summed  up  what  people  talk  about  when  they  are  on  the  analytic  couch.  If  all  what  we  talk  about  on  the  couch  is  sex, nothing much has been discovered in psychoanalysis since Freud and Lacan. Freud’s major revelation that the unconscious is  at  root  sexual  is  confirmed  in  our  current  practice.  It  is  not  just that, as Lacan has noted, one hears that something is wrong with sex. Consider the case of one of my analysands, Melissa, a twenty-four-year-old female, who felt that her analysis was pro-gressing because she was “feeling pretty stable and calmer.” She added however that “at the end of the day” she always felt anx-ious. “Perhaps it’s this recurrent thinking, this unrelenting ques-tioning,”  she  added.  Her  problems,  she  knew,  were  about  rela-tionships.  The  trouble  was  not  just  her  mother,  looming  large  and overwhelming, or her father, weak and slightly perverse, but her current boyfriend, who overwhelmed her with his affection. “I want to figure out what Mike means to me. Sometimes I ex-perience a sense of happiness because I love him; it can be really wonderful.  Sex  can  be  good  but  as  soon  as  he  expresses  how  much he loves me, I have only regret.” Fundamentally, his love and  support  did  not  bring  her  satisfaction  but  rather  a  sense  of  loss  and  emptiness.  “His  intense  admiration  for  me  is  over-whelming. As if I were cut off from him or myself. Something keeps  me  from  connecting  with  him.”  Melissa  had  a  suspicion  about what the problem was: “It is the issue of seeing other peo-ple, but it does not seem worthwhile.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">A Plague on Both Your Houses</TitleText>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;It is tempting to suggest that the staging of an encounter in this book has served mainly to dramatize the incommensurability of psychoanalysis  and  queer  theory.  Perhaps  there  are  really  two  separate theaters, one in which queer celebrations of disruptive-ness goes on, and one in which psychoanalysts and psychother-apists  try  to  bring  order  to  confusions  of  desire,  identity  and  identification. Lisa Downing articulates one of the key opposi-tions in focusing on perversion: For  clinical  psychoanalysts,  perversion  is  sexuality  gone  awry;  the  failure  of  the  subject  to  attain  adult  genitality.  For  queer  theorists,  on  the  other  hand,  perversion  may  be  construed as a defiant performance of excess that shows up the constructedness and arbitrariness of the category of the “normal,”  and  it  is  centrally  implicated  in  queer’s  rejection  of the meaning of identity in favor of the politics of practice.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;It is tempting to suggest that the staging of an encounter in this book has served mainly to dramatize the incommensurability of psychoanalysis  and  queer  theory.  Perhaps  there  are  really  two  separate theaters, one in which queer celebrations of disruptive-ness goes on, and one in which psychoanalysts and psychother-apists  try  to  bring  order  to  confusions  of  desire,  identity  and  identification. Lisa Downing articulates one of the key opposi-tions in focusing on perversion: For  clinical  psychoanalysts,  perversion  is  sexuality  gone  awry;  the  failure  of  the  subject  to  attain  adult  genitality.  For  queer  theorists,  on  the  other  hand,  perversion  may  be  construed as a defiant performance of excess that shows up the constructedness and arbitrariness of the category of the “normal,”  and  it  is  centrally  implicated  in  queer’s  rejection  of the meaning of identity in favor of the politics of practice.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Something Amiss</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Jacqueline Rose</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;RoseThere is something amiss. On that much queer theory and psy-choanalysis agree. For both of these ways of engaging with the world, the dominant, normative, regulations of sexual life are a lie. Freud (1908) spoke of the “injustice” of expecting one form of  sexual  behavior  from  us  all.  “It  is  one  of  the  obvious  social  injustices  [eine  der  offenkundigen  sozialen  Ungerechtigkeiten],” he  wrote  in  his  essay  “‘Civilised’  Sexual  Morality  and  Mod-ern  Nervous  Illness,”  “that  the  standard  of  civilisation  should  demand  from  everyone  the  same  conduct  of  sexual  life”  (192).  Except,  he  added,  the  injustice  is  normally  wiped  out  by  diso-bedience—Nichtbefolgen—or  non-observance  of  the  norm.  The psychoanalytic subject is restless. She puts up a fight in her dreams. Nor is her rebellion restricted to the night time alone. She has thoughts she does not share. Sometimes she herself does not know what these are. Even in the putative calm of the day, when  everything  is  meant  to  be  safe,  she  can  be  surprised  by  herself. Such moments may allow a moment of escape from the norms that bind her—the norms of civilization which, as we see from  his  essay’s  title,  Freud  was  careful  to  put  in  scare  quotes.  But these moments, inklings of another unconscious life, might also  trail  behind  them  ways  of  being  which  she  would  prefer  not to know or to forget. Whatever her sexual orientation, this is likely to be the case. There is no clear or easy resting place in the mind. Fluidity, plasticity—the catch-words of recent theory — do not halt on request. The way-stations may be enticing or bleak. You cannot turn the unconscious into a manifesto (which is why Freud disagreed with the surrealists). For psychoanalysis, it is axiomatic that we never fully know who we are.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;RoseThere is something amiss. On that much queer theory and psy-choanalysis agree. For both of these ways of engaging with the world, the dominant, normative, regulations of sexual life are a lie. Freud (1908) spoke of the “injustice” of expecting one form of  sexual  behavior  from  us  all.  “It  is  one  of  the  obvious  social  injustices  [eine  der  offenkundigen  sozialen  Ungerechtigkeiten],” he  wrote  in  his  essay  “‘Civilised’  Sexual  Morality  and  Mod-ern  Nervous  Illness,”  “that  the  standard  of  civilisation  should  demand  from  everyone  the  same  conduct  of  sexual  life”  (192).  Except,  he  added,  the  injustice  is  normally  wiped  out  by  diso-bedience—Nichtbefolgen—or  non-observance  of  the  norm.  The psychoanalytic subject is restless. She puts up a fight in her dreams. Nor is her rebellion restricted to the night time alone. She has thoughts she does not share. Sometimes she herself does not know what these are. Even in the putative calm of the day, when  everything  is  meant  to  be  safe,  she  can  be  surprised  by  herself. Such moments may allow a moment of escape from the norms that bind her—the norms of civilization which, as we see from  his  essay’s  title,  Freud  was  careful  to  put  in  scare  quotes.  But these moments, inklings of another unconscious life, might also  trail  behind  them  ways  of  being  which  she  would  prefer  not to know or to forget. Whatever her sexual orientation, this is likely to be the case. There is no clear or easy resting place in the mind. Fluidity, plasticity—the catch-words of recent theory — do not halt on request. The way-stations may be enticing or bleak. You cannot turn the unconscious into a manifesto (which is why Freud disagreed with the surrealists). For psychoanalysis, it is axiomatic that we never fully know who we are.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <PersonName>Tim Dean</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;“Psychoanalysis  may  be  queer  but  it  is  not  queer  theory,”  ob-serves  Patricia  Gherovici,  in  a  sentence  that  encapsulates  the  central  tension  structuring  Clinical  Encounters  in  Sexuality.  As the  chapters  in  this  volume  demonstrate,  psychoanalysis  looks  different  from  a  queer  perspective,  often  disorientingly  so.  Yet  even as the potential queerness of psychoanalysis is teased out and highlighted, some minimal difference between the two re-mains. What to make of that difference—indeed, what to make of  various  small  differences—exercises  all  of  the  contributors  in one way or another, eliciting a range of responses, from the intrigued and engaged to the disturbingly phobic.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;“Psychoanalysis  may  be  queer  but  it  is  not  queer  theory,”  ob-serves  Patricia  Gherovici,  in  a  sentence  that  encapsulates  the  central  tension  structuring  Clinical  Encounters  in  Sexuality.  As the  chapters  in  this  volume  demonstrate,  psychoanalysis  looks  different  from  a  queer  perspective,  often  disorientingly  so.  Yet  even as the potential queerness of psychoanalysis is teased out and highlighted, some minimal difference between the two re-mains. What to make of that difference—indeed, what to make of  various  small  differences—exercises  all  of  the  contributors  in one way or another, eliciting a range of responses, from the intrigued and engaged to the disturbingly phobic.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Courageous Drawings of Vigilant Ambiguities</TitleText>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;My  aim  is  to  elucidate  ways  in  which  analysts  have  responded  to the challenges of queer theorists. Working with the operative distinction of analyst and queer theorist I draw out their shared vigilance  of  reductive  classifications  of  foundational  aesthetic,  epistemic, ontological, ethico-political specifications of subjec-tive/intersubjective relationships. Corbett  succinctly  expresses  the  clinical  ambiance  of  con-temporary  psychoanalysis  in  his  first  sentence  describing  the  pivotal relationships between different models of analytic praxis and social critiques of normality. By “leaning” toward the gener-ative  grounding  soil  of  psychoanalytic  originality  practitioners  explore ways in which fantasy inter-implicates the body-subject and thereby challenge dualisms of mind/body, language/think-ing.  Psychoanalytic  space  is  delineated  as  a  place  in  which  the  enigmatic dynamism of transferences of fantasies and attributes highlight the courageous listening/speaking ethos present in the rigorous work of contributors to this book, namely, encounters. Analysis opens horizons of varying inter-subjective spaces and times for the emergence of individual speaking of a body-sub-ject in their relational complexity (Ellis 2008, 187; 2010, 65–66).&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;My  aim  is  to  elucidate  ways  in  which  analysts  have  responded  to the challenges of queer theorists. Working with the operative distinction of analyst and queer theorist I draw out their shared vigilance  of  reductive  classifications  of  foundational  aesthetic,  epistemic, ontological, ethico-political specifications of subjec-tive/intersubjective relationships. Corbett  succinctly  expresses  the  clinical  ambiance  of  con-temporary  psychoanalysis  in  his  first  sentence  describing  the  pivotal relationships between different models of analytic praxis and social critiques of normality. By “leaning” toward the gener-ative  grounding  soil  of  psychoanalytic  originality  practitioners  explore ways in which fantasy inter-implicates the body-subject and thereby challenge dualisms of mind/body, language/think-ing.  Psychoanalytic  space  is  delineated  as  a  place  in  which  the  enigmatic dynamism of transferences of fantasies and attributes highlight the courageous listening/speaking ethos present in the rigorous work of contributors to this book, namely, encounters. Analysis opens horizons of varying inter-subjective spaces and times for the emergence of individual speaking of a body-sub-ject in their relational complexity (Ellis 2008, 187; 2010, 65–66).&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Psychoanalysts  and  queer  theorists  both  know  that  the  ques-tions we ask shape the kind of data we discover. Psychoanalysts since Sigmund Freud have asked often, “Why are some people homosexual?  What  causes  this  sexual  attraction?”  They  have  not asked so often, “Why do people hate and fear homosexuals? What causes this irrational emotional reaction? What causes the destructive and often delusional fear and hatred of gay men and lesbians?”  This  is  odd,  since  homosexuality  itself  has  harmed  no  one,  whereas  hatred  and  persecution  of  homosexuals  has  damaged  many  lives.  It  is  also  odd  because  the  understand-ing  of  prejudice  has  been  a  fundamental  aim  of  psychoanaly-sis throughout its history. The Interpretation of Dreams (Freud, 1900)  was  not  only  a  landmark  in  the  science  of  unconscious  processes;  it  was  also  a  relentless  airing  of  and  protest  against  the prejudice towards Jews in Freud’s time. Psychoanalysis is the science of the irrational, and hence it is the field most suited to address the irrational fear and hatred of homosexuality that we call homophobia.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Psychoanalysts  and  queer  theorists  both  know  that  the  ques-tions we ask shape the kind of data we discover. Psychoanalysts since Sigmund Freud have asked often, “Why are some people homosexual?  What  causes  this  sexual  attraction?”  They  have  not asked so often, “Why do people hate and fear homosexuals? What causes this irrational emotional reaction? What causes the destructive and often delusional fear and hatred of gay men and lesbians?”  This  is  odd,  since  homosexuality  itself  has  harmed  no  one,  whereas  hatred  and  persecution  of  homosexuals  has  damaged  many  lives.  It  is  also  odd  because  the  understand-ing  of  prejudice  has  been  a  fundamental  aim  of  psychoanaly-sis throughout its history. The Interpretation of Dreams (Freud, 1900)  was  not  only  a  landmark  in  the  science  of  unconscious  processes;  it  was  also  a  relentless  airing  of  and  protest  against  the prejudice towards Jews in Freud’s time. Psychoanalysis is the science of the irrational, and hence it is the field most suited to address the irrational fear and hatred of homosexuality that we call homophobia.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Transgender, Queer Theory, and Psychoanalysis</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Susan Stryker</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The inclusion of trans*1 material in this collection of essays on the encounter between psychoanalysis and queer theory neces-sarily raises the question of the relationship of trans* to queer, as well as trans* to psychoanalysis. The  five  essays  that  deal  explicitly  with  trans*  issues—Gh-erovici,  Corbett,  Kaplan,  Weatherill,  and  Geldhof  and  Ver-haeghe—each  approach  these  matters  somewhat  differently.  Weatherill  makes  only  passing,  and  transphobic,  mention  of  transgender  women  when  he  approvingly  quotes  Germaine  Greer’s gratuitously vulgar dismissal of such individuals’ claims to  social  existence:  “just  because  you  lop  off  your  dick  doesn’t  make you a fucking woman.” For Geldhof and Verhaeghe, trans* positions are “extreme representatives” of a queer social move-ment that seems “to refuse the classical distinction between man and woman.” For Kaplan, “trans” represents a benign albeit limiting investment in fixed gender identities that is counterposed to the supposed fluidity, and desirability, of queer gender expres-sion. Though he does not use the trans* nomenclature, Corbett’s nuanced  discussion  of  “queer  childhood”  is  attuned  to  those  moments  “in  which  the  social  order  of  gender  is  challenged,”  and  in  which  a  “transforming  nexus”  of  gender  mallability  is  created  that  allows  for  gender’s  resignification  through  collec-tive  intersubjective  fantasies  between  queer  children  and  their  significant others. For Gherovici, transness and homosexuality both  address,  in  nonheteronormative  ways,  the  imperative  to  assume a psychical position in relation to the question of sexual difference; they are divergent yet equally viable sinthomes, or an-swers to the unavoidable riddle of how the Real, Imaginary, and Symbolic registers might be knotted together.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The inclusion of trans*1 material in this collection of essays on the encounter between psychoanalysis and queer theory neces-sarily raises the question of the relationship of trans* to queer, as well as trans* to psychoanalysis. The  five  essays  that  deal  explicitly  with  trans*  issues—Gh-erovici,  Corbett,  Kaplan,  Weatherill,  and  Geldhof  and  Ver-haeghe—each  approach  these  matters  somewhat  differently.  Weatherill  makes  only  passing,  and  transphobic,  mention  of  transgender  women  when  he  approvingly  quotes  Germaine  Greer’s gratuitously vulgar dismissal of such individuals’ claims to  social  existence:  “just  because  you  lop  off  your  dick  doesn’t  make you a fucking woman.” For Geldhof and Verhaeghe, trans* positions are “extreme representatives” of a queer social move-ment that seems “to refuse the classical distinction between man and woman.” For Kaplan, “trans” represents a benign albeit limiting investment in fixed gender identities that is counterposed to the supposed fluidity, and desirability, of queer gender expres-sion. Though he does not use the trans* nomenclature, Corbett’s nuanced  discussion  of  “queer  childhood”  is  attuned  to  those  moments  “in  which  the  social  order  of  gender  is  challenged,”  and  in  which  a  “transforming  nexus”  of  gender  mallability  is  created  that  allows  for  gender’s  resignification  through  collec-tive  intersubjective  fantasies  between  queer  children  and  their  significant others. For Gherovici, transness and homosexuality both  address,  in  nonheteronormative  ways,  the  imperative  to  assume a psychical position in relation to the question of sexual difference; they are divergent yet equally viable sinthomes, or an-swers to the unavoidable riddle of how the Real, Imaginary, and Symbolic registers might be knotted together.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">The Psychoanalysis That Dare Not Speak Its Name</TitleText>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In  the  opening  essay  of  Love  In  A  Dark  Time:  Gay  Lives  from  Wilde to Almodovar, Colm Tóibin refers to Borges’s essay “The Argentine Writer and Tradition” to describe the position of exile as a condition for creation, for the possibility of the emergence of the new. Tóibin situates gay literary figures alongside the Jew-ish, Argentine, and Irish artists that Borges refers to, underlin-ing that the place of estrangement, of foreignness, is the sine qua non for speaking at the limits of the sayable. While certainly not sufficient,  extra-territoriality  is  absolutely  necessary  to  affect  a  break  with  the  mortifications  referred  to  by  Freud  (1926a)  as  “the compact majority” (274).&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In  the  opening  essay  of  Love  In  A  Dark  Time:  Gay  Lives  from  Wilde to Almodovar, Colm Tóibin refers to Borges’s essay “The Argentine Writer and Tradition” to describe the position of exile as a condition for creation, for the possibility of the emergence of the new. Tóibin situates gay literary figures alongside the Jew-ish, Argentine, and Irish artists that Borges refers to, underlin-ing that the place of estrangement, of foreignness, is the sine qua non for speaking at the limits of the sayable. While certainly not sufficient,  extra-territoriality  is  absolutely  necessary  to  affect  a  break  with  the  mortifications  referred  to  by  Freud  (1926a)  as  “the compact majority” (274).&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;We expect to be able to recognize what we see in the visual field but visual experience occurs around a void, an emptiness, over which the artist places semblants. In The Ethics of Psychoanalysis (2008[1959–60]),  Lacan  likened  this  to  a  vase  that  puts  a  skin  around  a  hole  and  veils  the  open  sewer  beneath.  A  “nothing”  becomes a “something.” An object is made to exist (148–49).The  marked  and  voided  spaces  around  Karla  Black’s  sus-pended piece There Can Be No Arguments play with fullness and emptiness,  not  only  as  background  for  the  works  in  space  she  makes. The marks are written on the rim of the Real. They are not  about  metaphor  or  producing  meaning.  Strip  meaning  or  the hope of it away and an encounter emerges. She dresses and addresses a void.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Clinical  Encounters  in  Sexuality  brings  together  two  altogether  different  disciplines  that  address  the  field  of  human  sexual-ity: clinical psychoanalysis and queer theory. This encounter is underpinned  by  the  centrality  of  sexuality  to  both  disciplines  and  the  crucial  nature  of  psychoanalytic  theory  to  queer  the-ory’s theorization of gender and sexuality. Beginning with Sig-mund  Freud,  psychoanalysis  has  a  long  history  of  turning  to  other  fields  such  as  philosophy,  art,  literature,  linguistics,  sci-ence, mathematics, and religion to develop and differentiate its major  themes.  This  collection  adds  the  work  of  queer  theory  to  this  list  of  co-conspirators  addressing  the  question  of  what  it is to be uniquely human, especially important today in light of the homogenizing effects of globalization, marketization and digitalization. Queer theory proffers a breadth of critical think-ing  about  contemporary  sexuality,  mechanisms  of  bio-power  and  regimes  of  normativization  for  psychoanalysts  to  address  themselves  to.  Queer  theory’s  use  of  psychoanalysis  is  critical  to  its  Foucault-inspired  project  of  critically  exploring  desire,  pleasure, identity and the social fabric itself. Psychoanalysts, for their part, offer psychoanalytic theory, clinical practice and the extraordinary  value  of  the  clinical  vignette,  the  psychoanalytic  tool par excellence. In addition, theorists of psychoanalysis and sexuality  bring  their  insights  to  bear  on  this  “queer”  marriage  between psychoanalysis and queer theory for readers to add to their experience of the book.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;CMOK to YOu To presents the 2015 email correspondence of the Serbian-born poet, art critic and playwright Nina Živančević and Canadian cultural theorist Marc James Léger. In December of 2014 Léger invited Živančević to contribute a text to the second volume of the book he was editing, The Idea of the Avant Garde – And What It Means Today. Taken with each other’s idiosyncrasies, their correspondence gradually shifted from amiable professional exchanges and the eventual failure to organize a scholarly event to that of collaborating on some kind of writing project. Several titles were attempted for the eventual book – Marshmallow Muse: The Exact and Irreverent Letters of MJL and NZ, The Orange Jelly Bean, or, I Already Am Eating from the Trash Can All the Time: The Name of This Trash Can Is Ideology, The Secreted Correspondence of Mme Chatelet and Voltaire, and I’m Taken: The E-Pistolary Poetry of Kit le Minx and Cad – but none of these proved to be more telling than CMOK, the Serbian word for kiss, which sums up the authors’ quest for “harmony” in an altogether imperfect world and literary medium.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In this book, names of real people were changed in order to protect those who might otherwise be offended by the unguarded and absurdist commentary of its authors. Despite this fact, it is the fragility and elasticity of the writers’ superegos that is tested as they vacillate from personal registers to intellectual strata. At once a cis-avant-gardist’s exploration of anti-art and a poet’s claim to some weak form of autonomy, CMOK delights in both the pleasures of casual email and the sublime realizations of Jacques Lacan’s theory of sexuation. CMOK is a hybrid genre and a quest into the real of virtuality that defies the literary standards. Its authors, who never met, answer one another’s basic needs and questions, separated as they are by time zones and the ocean, but not culturally or spiritually.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;CMOK to YOu To presents the 2015 email correspondence of the Serbian-born poet, art critic and playwright Nina Živančević and Canadian cultural theorist Marc James Léger. In December of 2014 Léger invited Živančević to contribute a text to the second volume of the book he was editing, The Idea of the Avant Garde – And What It Means Today. Taken with each other’s idiosyncrasies, their correspondence gradually shifted from amiable professional exchanges and the eventual failure to organize a scholarly event to that of collaborating on some kind of writing project. Several titles were attempted for the eventual book – Marshmallow Muse: The Exact and Irreverent Letters of MJL and NZ, The Orange Jelly Bean, or, I Already Am Eating from the Trash Can All the Time: The Name of This Trash Can Is Ideology, The Secreted Correspondence of Mme Chatelet and Voltaire, and I’m Taken: The E-Pistolary Poetry of Kit le Minx and Cad – but none of these proved to be more telling than CMOK, the Serbian word for kiss, which sums up the authors’ quest for “harmony” in an altogether imperfect world and literary medium.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In this book, names of real people were changed in order to protect those who might otherwise be offended by the unguarded and absurdist commentary of its authors. Despite this fact, it is the fragility and elasticity of the writers’ superegos that is tested as they vacillate from personal registers to intellectual strata. At once a cis-avant-gardist’s exploration of anti-art and a poet’s claim to some weak form of autonomy, CMOK delights in both the pleasures of casual email and the sublime realizations of Jacques Lacan’s theory of sexuation. CMOK is a hybrid genre and a quest into the real of virtuality that defies the literary standards. Its authors, who never met, answer one another’s basic needs and questions, separated as they are by time zones and the ocean, but not culturally or spiritually.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Complementary Modernisms in China and the United States: Art as Life/Art as Idea is the result of a conference where Chinese and Americanist art historians addressed the development of modernism in their respective cultural traditions. The chapters juxtapose historical developments without attempting to map connections or influences. Instead, both national modernisms are presented as part of the larger terrain of global modernism, but generated within specific, localized circumstances. This juxtaposition reveals significant differences as much as any particular moments of connection or similarities, disrupting any standard narrative of the primacy of French (or European) avant-garde art and its influence on more belated and peripheral communities.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The differences that are revealed are not merely the result of the very different historical trajectories of each country’s moves into modernity. Rather, differences in attention and methodology are just as important, in particular the focus on the post-1980 development of Chinese art as part of the modernization of Chinese culture and economy, rather than the American perspective on post-1980s postmodern qualities. At the same time, significant convergent concerns emerge, such as the importance of urban centers and urbanization, the profound effect of political and technological disruption, and the question of identity.The volume represent a cross-section of Chinese and Americanist art historians, both early career and senior scholars, working on a wide variety of subjects, such as the Ashcan School, Impressionism, Cai Liang, Liang Sicheng, Huang Binhong, Cézanne, Bauhaus, Joseph Cornell, Andrew Wyeth, Louise Nevelson, Jackson Pollock, Andy Warhol, and contemporary art more broadly, with (as is usual in any survey of the 20th century these days) a concentration on the 1960s.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Complementary Modernisms in China and the United States: Art as Life/Art as Idea is the result of a conference where Chinese and Americanist art historians addressed the development of modernism in their respective cultural traditions. The chapters juxtapose historical developments without attempting to map connections or influences. Instead, both national modernisms are presented as part of the larger terrain of global modernism, but generated within specific, localized circumstances. This juxtaposition reveals significant differences as much as any particular moments of connection or similarities, disrupting any standard narrative of the primacy of French (or European) avant-garde art and its influence on more belated and peripheral communities.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The differences that are revealed are not merely the result of the very different historical trajectories of each country’s moves into modernity. Rather, differences in attention and methodology are just as important, in particular the focus on the post-1980 development of Chinese art as part of the modernization of Chinese culture and economy, rather than the American perspective on post-1980s postmodern qualities. At the same time, significant convergent concerns emerge, such as the importance of urban centers and urbanization, the profound effect of political and technological disruption, and the question of identity.The volume represent a cross-section of Chinese and Americanist art historians, both early career and senior scholars, working on a wide variety of subjects, such as the Ashcan School, Impressionism, Cai Liang, Liang Sicheng, Huang Binhong, Cézanne, Bauhaus, Joseph Cornell, Andrew Wyeth, Louise Nevelson, Jackson Pollock, Andy Warhol, and contemporary art more broadly, with (as is usual in any survey of the 20th century these days) a concentration on the 1960s.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Complementary Modernisms in China and the United States: Art as Life/Art as Idea is the result of a conference where Chinese and Americanist art historians addressed the development of modernism in their respective cultural traditions. The chapters juxtapose historical developments without attempting to map connections or influences. Instead, both national modernisms are presented as part of the larger terrain of global modernism, but generated within specific, localized circumstances. This juxtaposition reveals significant differences as much as any particular moments of connection or similarities, disrupting any standard narrative of the primacy of French (or European) avant-garde art and its influence on more belated and peripheral communities.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The differences that are revealed are not merely the result of the very different historical trajectories of each country’s moves into modernity. Rather, differences in attention and methodology are just as important, in particular the focus on the post-1980 development of Chinese art as part of the modernization of Chinese culture and economy, rather than the American perspective on post-1980s postmodern qualities. At the same time, significant convergent concerns emerge, such as the importance of urban centers and urbanization, the profound effect of political and technological disruption, and the question of identity.The volume represent a cross-section of Chinese and Americanist art historians, both early career and senior scholars, working on a wide variety of subjects, such as the Ashcan School, Impressionism, Cai Liang, Liang Sicheng, Huang Binhong, Cézanne, Bauhaus, Joseph Cornell, Andrew Wyeth, Louise Nevelson, Jackson Pollock, Andy Warhol, and contemporary art more broadly, with (as is usual in any survey of the 20th century these days) a concentration on the 1960s.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This  article  consists  of  three  parts.  First,  I  will  review  the  major  themes  of  Quentin  Meillassoux’s  After  Finitude.  Since  some  of  my  readers  will  have  read  this  book  and  others  not,  I  will  try  to  strike  a  balance  between  clear  summary and fresh critique. Second, I discuss an unpublished book by Meil-lassoux  only  partly  familiar  to  the  reading  public,  except  those  scant  few  that may have gone digging in the microfilm archives of the École normale supérieure. The book in question is Meillassoux’s revised doctoral disserta-tion L’Inexistence divine (The Divine Inexistence), with its seemingly bizarre vision of a God who does not yet exist but might exist in the future. Without literally accepting this view, I will claim that it is philosophically interesting in ways that even a hardened sceptic might be able to appreciate. Third and finally, I will speculate on the possible future of Meillassoux’s speculative ma-terialism itself. And here I mean its future development not by Meillassoux, but by those readers who might be inspired by his book. Plato could never have predicted the emergence of Aristotle’s philosophy, despite the obvious debt of the latter to the former. Nor could Descartes have predicted Spinoza and  Leibniz,  nor  Kant  the  German  Idealists,  and  neither  could  Husserl  in  1901 have foreseen the later emergence of Heidegger. How are the works of interesting philosophers transformed by later thinkers of comparable im-portance? While it may seem that there are countless ways to do this, I think there are only two basic ways in which this happens: you can radicalize your predecessors,  or  you  can  reverse  them.  I  will  close  this  article  with  a  few  words about these two methods, and try to imagine how Meillassoux might be radicalized or reversed by some future admirer. My view is that the more important thinkers are, the easier they are to radicalize or reverse. This helps explain why the great philosophers of the West have so often appeared in clusters, succeeding one another at relatively brief intervals during periods of especial ferment&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This  article  consists  of  three  parts.  First,  I  will  review  the  major  themes  of  Quentin  Meillassoux’s  After  Finitude.  Since  some  of  my  readers  will  have  read  this  book  and  others  not,  I  will  try  to  strike  a  balance  between  clear  summary and fresh critique. Second, I discuss an unpublished book by Meil-lassoux  only  partly  familiar  to  the  reading  public,  except  those  scant  few  that may have gone digging in the microfilm archives of the École normale supérieure. The book in question is Meillassoux’s revised doctoral disserta-tion L’Inexistence divine (The Divine Inexistence), with its seemingly bizarre vision of a God who does not yet exist but might exist in the future. Without literally accepting this view, I will claim that it is philosophically interesting in ways that even a hardened sceptic might be able to appreciate. Third and finally, I will speculate on the possible future of Meillassoux’s speculative ma-terialism itself. And here I mean its future development not by Meillassoux, but by those readers who might be inspired by his book. Plato could never have predicted the emergence of Aristotle’s philosophy, despite the obvious debt of the latter to the former. Nor could Descartes have predicted Spinoza and  Leibniz,  nor  Kant  the  German  Idealists,  and  neither  could  Husserl  in  1901 have foreseen the later emergence of Heidegger. How are the works of interesting philosophers transformed by later thinkers of comparable im-portance? While it may seem that there are countless ways to do this, I think there are only two basic ways in which this happens: you can radicalize your predecessors,  or  you  can  reverse  them.  I  will  close  this  article  with  a  few  words about these two methods, and try to imagine how Meillassoux might be radicalized or reversed by some future admirer. My view is that the more important thinkers are, the easier they are to radicalize or reverse. This helps explain why the great philosophers of the West have so often appeared in clusters, succeeding one another at relatively brief intervals during periods of especial ferment&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <Subtitle language="eng">The Poetry of Nikos Karouzos</Subtitle>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Nikos Karouzos had a communist teacher for a father and an orthodox priest for a grandfather. From his four years up to his high school gradua-tion he was incessantly educated, reading the entire private library of his granddad, comprising mainly the Orthodox Church Fathers and the an-cient classics. Later on in his life he sold the library for money, only to buy a little more time before he went broke again. Selling his only remaining capital for a few thousand drachmas, Karouzos traded not simply life, but language for poetry.  What twisted type of economy upholds this very decision? Can we speak of a certain investment, with specific returns? “I am talking about the fate of Lazarus: at once pauper and saved.” Nowadays – and ridiculously recently – we are more than apt to speak of a certain insouciance pertaining to the Greek form of expenditure: expendi-ture without any type of investment. This imprudent stance still conjures a “capital punishment”: each time, at each act of excess what is at stake is a caput, a head – the haunting dead metaphor for capital. Decapitation, as a road of no return, implies that capital is the condition for the possibility of returns – at least in this life. In that sense, the argument against imprudent economic conduct is not itself economic, but ethical if not ontological – Max Weber being our witness&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Nikos Karouzos had a communist teacher for a father and an orthodox priest for a grandfather. From his four years up to his high school gradua-tion he was incessantly educated, reading the entire private library of his granddad, comprising mainly the Orthodox Church Fathers and the an-cient classics. Later on in his life he sold the library for money, only to buy a little more time before he went broke again. Selling his only remaining capital for a few thousand drachmas, Karouzos traded not simply life, but language for poetry.  What twisted type of economy upholds this very decision? Can we speak of a certain investment, with specific returns? “I am talking about the fate of Lazarus: at once pauper and saved.” Nowadays – and ridiculously recently – we are more than apt to speak of a certain insouciance pertaining to the Greek form of expenditure: expendi-ture without any type of investment. This imprudent stance still conjures a “capital punishment”: each time, at each act of excess what is at stake is a caput, a head – the haunting dead metaphor for capital. Decapitation, as a road of no return, implies that capital is the condition for the possibility of returns – at least in this life. In that sense, the argument against imprudent economic conduct is not itself economic, but ethical if not ontological – Max Weber being our witness&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Γιατί κρατούσαμε κάποτε ώς την πέμπτη μέρατο πασχαλινό πρόβατο;Τα κείμενα λένε: μ’ αυτού του θύματος το κρέαςέπρεπε να καθαρίσουμε όλες τις αισθήσεις.Για να δώσουμε κύμα στη ζωή λευκότατοθαυμάσιες ευωδιές στην έκταση του στήθους.Ιδανικά στο χάρο.Για να βλέπουμε τα λαμπράχαράματα του Άψινθου και να ’ναι η ψυχήστόλισμα βαθυχάρακτοτης πλώρης που την είπαμε θέληση.Τότε πολλές δορκάδες τρέχονταςανάμεσα στην καταπράσινηφύση με τους υδάτινους ύμνους,τότε, κατεβαίνοντας οι αθέλητοι άγγελοιμε κυλινδούμενο το ύψος στην ορμή τουςχαρίζονται της αστραφτερής Περιπέτειας.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Γιατί κρατούσαμε κάποτε ώς την πέμπτη μέρατο πασχαλινό πρόβατο;Τα κείμενα λένε: μ’ αυτού του θύματος το κρέαςέπρεπε να καθαρίσουμε όλες τις αισθήσεις.Για να δώσουμε κύμα στη ζωή λευκότατοθαυμάσιες ευωδιές στην έκταση του στήθους.Ιδανικά στο χάρο.Για να βλέπουμε τα λαμπράχαράματα του Άψινθου και να ’ναι η ψυχήστόλισμα βαθυχάρακτοτης πλώρης που την είπαμε θέληση.Τότε πολλές δορκάδες τρέχονταςανάμεσα στην καταπράσινηφύση με τους υδάτινους ύμνους,τότε, κατεβαίνοντας οι αθέλητοι άγγελοιμε κυλινδούμενο το ύψος στην ορμή τουςχαρίζονται της αστραφτερής Περιπέτειας.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;A collection of Images produced by intentionally corrupting the circuitry of a Kodak DC280 2 MP digitalcamera. By rewiring the electronics of a digital camera, glitched images are produced in a manner that parallels chemically processing unexposed film or photographic paper to pro-duce photographic images without exposure to light. The DCP Series of Digital Images are direct visualizations of data generated by a digital camera as it takes a picture. Electronic processes associated with the normal operations of the camera, which are usually taken for granted, are revealed through an act of intervention. The camera is turned insideout through complexes of shortcircuits, selected by the artist, transforming the camera from a picture taking device to a data capturing device that renders raw data (electronic signals) as images. In essence, these images are snapshots of electronic signals dancing through the camera’s circuits, manually rerouted, written directly to the onboard memory device. Rath-er than seeing images of the world through a lens, we catch a glimpse of what the camera sees when it is forced to peer inside its own mind.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;A collection of Images produced by intentionally corrupting the circuitry of a Kodak DC280 2 MP digitalcamera. By rewiring the electronics of a digital camera, glitched images are produced in a manner that parallels chemically processing unexposed film or photographic paper to pro-duce photographic images without exposure to light. The DCP Series of Digital Images are direct visualizations of data generated by a digital camera as it takes a picture. Electronic processes associated with the normal operations of the camera, which are usually taken for granted, are revealed through an act of intervention. The camera is turned insideout through complexes of shortcircuits, selected by the artist, transforming the camera from a picture taking device to a data capturing device that renders raw data (electronic signals) as images. In essence, these images are snapshots of electronic signals dancing through the camera’s circuits, manually rerouted, written directly to the onboard memory device. Rath-er than seeing images of the world through a lens, we catch a glimpse of what the camera sees when it is forced to peer inside its own mind.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">The Crisis of Negation</TitleText>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Alain Badiou (ab): My answer is a simple one, in fact. The very nature of the crisis today is not, in my opinion, the crisis of capitalism, but the failure of socialism. And maybe I am the philosopher of the time where something like the “Great Hypothesis” coming from the nineteenth-century – and maybe much more, for the French Revolution – is in crisis. So it is the crisis of the idea of revolution. But behind the idea of revolution is the crisis of the idea of another world, of the possibility of, really, another organization of society, and so on. Not the crisis of the pure possibility, but the crisis of the historical possibility of something like that is caught in the facts themselves. And it is a crisis of negation because it is a crisis of a conception of negation which was a creative one. The idea of negation is by itself a negation of newness, and that if we have the means to really negate the established order – in the moment of that sort of negation – there is the birth of the new order. And so the affirmative part or the constructive part of the process is included in negation.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Alain Badiou (ab): My answer is a simple one, in fact. The very nature of the crisis today is not, in my opinion, the crisis of capitalism, but the failure of socialism. And maybe I am the philosopher of the time where something like the “Great Hypothesis” coming from the nineteenth-century – and maybe much more, for the French Revolution – is in crisis. So it is the crisis of the idea of revolution. But behind the idea of revolution is the crisis of the idea of another world, of the possibility of, really, another organization of society, and so on. Not the crisis of the pure possibility, but the crisis of the historical possibility of something like that is caught in the facts themselves. And it is a crisis of negation because it is a crisis of a conception of negation which was a creative one. The idea of negation is by itself a negation of newness, and that if we have the means to really negate the established order – in the moment of that sort of negation – there is the birth of the new order. And so the affirmative part or the constructive part of the process is included in negation.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">The Return of Benjamin's Storyteller</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Ronald Reagan as the Incorruptible Saint of Political Media</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Adam Staley Groves</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;St. Reagan and the Return of the StorytellerThe 2004 Republican National Convention was a significant event concern-ing  language  and  aesthetics  in  contemporary  politics.  The  Reagan  myth  appeared  as  a  stellar  aura  of  sentimentality  that  churned  a  cultic  swoon.  Among  the  polity  this  spectacular  mystery  passed  a  glow  upon  the  shoul-ders of gleeful followers. Engulfing George W. Bush’s body, the Reagan aura of the protector, the prophet, the historian, and narrator of American destiny oft portrayed as a humble man who simply transmits “content” bequeathed upon the sitting president his missionary staff to guard that “shining city on a hill.” This proverbial key to New Jerusalem follows Reagan’s own mythical thinking about the sacred role of the United States. After all the organism-city  was  under  attack  by  “terrorism.”  The  “real  America”  had  to  be  pre-served from suitcase nukes and radical Islam, what was needed, in fact, was the  wise  counsel  of  Reagan-Bush  to  survive  not  only  as  a  nation,  but  as  a  world.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;St. Reagan and the Return of the StorytellerThe 2004 Republican National Convention was a significant event concern-ing  language  and  aesthetics  in  contemporary  politics.  The  Reagan  myth  appeared  as  a  stellar  aura  of  sentimentality  that  churned  a  cultic  swoon.  Among  the  polity  this  spectacular  mystery  passed  a  glow  upon  the  shoul-ders of gleeful followers. Engulfing George W. Bush’s body, the Reagan aura of the protector, the prophet, the historian, and narrator of American destiny oft portrayed as a humble man who simply transmits “content” bequeathed upon the sitting president his missionary staff to guard that “shining city on a hill.” This proverbial key to New Jerusalem follows Reagan’s own mythical thinking about the sacred role of the United States. After all the organism-city  was  under  attack  by  “terrorism.”  The  “real  America”  had  to  be  pre-served from suitcase nukes and radical Islam, what was needed, in fact, was the  wise  counsel  of  Reagan-Bush  to  survive  not  only  as  a  nation,  but  as  a  world.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Anders Brevik</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">On Copying the Obscure</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Vincent W.J. van Gerven Oei</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>University of Aberdeen</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In the aftermath of the lethal shooting of politically organizing left-wing stu-dents and the bombing of Oslo’s political center by the Norwegian Anders Breivik, there has been much discussion about the rationale behind his ac-tions in a general sense, and, more specifically, the implications and explica-tions  of  right-wing,  nationalist,  racist  language  which  is  considerably  com-mon  in  several  European  nations.  In  many  forum  threads  and  blog  posts,  analyses are given of Breivik’s actions in relation to the current political cli-mate in these environs, which, truth be told, is of an extremely poisonous na-ture. Ample reflection is given on the 1500+ page manifesto distributed by Breivik, entitled 2083: A European Declaration of Independence; De Laude Novae Militiae Pauperes Commilitones Christi Templique Solomonici, which appears to have been finished the day before he committed his crimes. This essay aims not so much for a clarification of the content of this manifesto, but attempts to provide a cartography of its rhetorical procedures, hoping to  deconstruct  some  of  the  discourse  that  Breivik  has  managed  to  create  around himself, both before and after his act. It first of all is an attempt to read  Breivik  as  copycat,  borrowing  left  and  right,  against  unstable  credit  limits and with uncertain debt ceilings, assembling his ideological trust fund from sources as divergent as the Columbine Massacre, American conserva-tive politics, eugenics, post-Luddite ideology, and freemasonry.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In the aftermath of the lethal shooting of politically organizing left-wing stu-dents and the bombing of Oslo’s political center by the Norwegian Anders Breivik, there has been much discussion about the rationale behind his ac-tions in a general sense, and, more specifically, the implications and explica-tions  of  right-wing,  nationalist,  racist  language  which  is  considerably  com-mon  in  several  European  nations.  In  many  forum  threads  and  blog  posts,  analyses are given of Breivik’s actions in relation to the current political cli-mate in these environs, which, truth be told, is of an extremely poisonous na-ture. Ample reflection is given on the 1500+ page manifesto distributed by Breivik, entitled 2083: A European Declaration of Independence; De Laude Novae Militiae Pauperes Commilitones Christi Templique Solomonici, which appears to have been finished the day before he committed his crimes. This essay aims not so much for a clarification of the content of this manifesto, but attempts to provide a cartography of its rhetorical procedures, hoping to  deconstruct  some  of  the  discourse  that  Breivik  has  managed  to  create  around himself, both before and after his act. It first of all is an attempt to read  Breivik  as  copycat,  borrowing  left  and  right,  against  unstable  credit  limits and with uncertain debt ceilings, assembling his ideological trust fund from sources as divergent as the Columbine Massacre, American conserva-tive politics, eugenics, post-Luddite ideology, and freemasonry.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <PersonName>W.J. van Gerven Oei, Vincent</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">A Playful Reading of the Double Quotation in The Descent of Alette by Alice Notley</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Feliz Lucia Molina</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;“The Descent of Alette” “is an allegorical poem” “in four books” “first pub-lished” “in 1992” “by Alice Notley.” “In The Descent of Alette,” “the double quotation  mark”  “is  wrapped  around”  “words,  phrases,  sometimes  whole  sentences, and utilized as bones for structure and tonality.” “The winged” “dbl  quotation”  “like  angels  or  devils”  “descending  from  elsewhere”  “function as” “poetic feet.” “Distance” “in the text through the use of dbl quotes,”  “according  to  Notley,”  “was  a  way  to  distance”  “her  self”  “from  the narrative.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;“The Descent of Alette” “is an allegorical poem” “in four books” “first pub-lished” “in 1992” “by Alice Notley.” “In The Descent of Alette,” “the double quotation  mark”  “is  wrapped  around”  “words,  phrases,  sometimes  whole  sentences, and utilized as bones for structure and tonality.” “The winged” “dbl  quotation”  “like  angels  or  devils”  “descending  from  elsewhere”  “function as” “poetic feet.” “Distance” “in the text through the use of dbl quotes,”  “according  to  Notley,”  “was  a  way  to  distance”  “her  self”  “from  the narrative.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <PersonName>Molina, Feliz Lucia</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Objects as Temporary Autonomous Zones</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Timothy Morton</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Timothy</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Morton</KeyNames>
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            <Affiliation>Rice University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Autonomy  means  that  although  something  is  part  of  something  else,  or  related  to  it  in  some  way,  it  has  its  own  “law”  or  “tendency”  (Greek,  no-mos). In their book on life sciences, Medawar and Medawar state, “Organs and  tissues  [...]  are  composed  of  cells  which  [...]  have  a  high  measure  of  autonomy.” Autonomy  also  has  ethical  and  political  valences.  De  Grazia  writes, “In Kant’s enormously influential moral philosophy, autonomy, or free-dom from the causal determinism of nature, became prominent in justifying the human use of animals.” One of the oldest uses of autonomy in English is a description of the French civil war from the late sixteenth century: “Others of the [...] rebellion entred in counsell, whether they ought to admit the King vpon reasonable conditions, specially hauing their autonomy.” Life, and in particular human life, and in particular human politics, is well served by the usages of autonomy. What about the rest of reality, however? Should it be thought of, if it’s even considered real and mind-independent, as pure stuff for the manipulation or decorative tastes of truly autonomous beings?  We  tend  to  think  of  things  such  as  paperweights  and  iPhones  as  mere tools of human design and human use. To use them is to cause them to exist as fully and properly as they can. But according to Martin Heidegger, when a tool such as a paperweight is used, it disappears, or withdraws (Ent-zug).  We  are  preoccupied  with  copying  the  page  that  the  paperweight  is  holding  down.  We  are  concerned  with  an  essay  deadline,  and  the  paper-weight simply disappears into this general project. If the paperweight slips, or  if  the  iPhone  freezes,  we  might  notice  it.  All  of  a  sudden  it  becomes  vorhanden (present-at-hand) rather than zuhanden (ready-to-hand).&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Autonomy  means  that  although  something  is  part  of  something  else,  or  related  to  it  in  some  way,  it  has  its  own  “law”  or  “tendency”  (Greek,  no-mos). In their book on life sciences, Medawar and Medawar state, “Organs and  tissues  [...]  are  composed  of  cells  which  [...]  have  a  high  measure  of  autonomy.” Autonomy  also  has  ethical  and  political  valences.  De  Grazia  writes, “In Kant’s enormously influential moral philosophy, autonomy, or free-dom from the causal determinism of nature, became prominent in justifying the human use of animals.” One of the oldest uses of autonomy in English is a description of the French civil war from the late sixteenth century: “Others of the [...] rebellion entred in counsell, whether they ought to admit the King vpon reasonable conditions, specially hauing their autonomy.” Life, and in particular human life, and in particular human politics, is well served by the usages of autonomy. What about the rest of reality, however? Should it be thought of, if it’s even considered real and mind-independent, as pure stuff for the manipulation or decorative tastes of truly autonomous beings?  We  tend  to  think  of  things  such  as  paperweights  and  iPhones  as  mere tools of human design and human use. To use them is to cause them to exist as fully and properly as they can. But according to Martin Heidegger, when a tool such as a paperweight is used, it disappears, or withdraws (Ent-zug).  We  are  preoccupied  with  copying  the  page  that  the  paperweight  is  holding  down.  We  are  concerned  with  an  essay  deadline,  and  the  paper-weight simply disappears into this general project. If the paperweight slips, or  if  the  iPhone  freezes,  we  might  notice  it.  All  of  a  sudden  it  becomes  vorhanden (present-at-hand) rather than zuhanden (ready-to-hand).&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Money as Media</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Gilson Schwartz on the Semiotics of Digital Currency</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Renata Lemos-Morais</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>Deakin University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Gilson Schwartz (gs): The “Creative Currencies” project is a work-in-progress platform  which  unfolds  as  an  action  research  agenda  connected  both  to  the  production  of  audiovisual  content  and  the  development  of  social  currency software. The initiative dates back to 2003 when I led an experimental project supported by the Presidency of Brazil. At that time, we issued paper currency in a small, touristic village in the Northeast Region which stimulated local cultural projects. But it was only in 2009 that the Central Bank of Brazil acknowledged “social currencies” as a legitimate economic agenda, calling for  more  debate  at  the  Financial  Inclusion  Forum.  This  year,  the  monetary  authorities organized a second forum that also opened the room to discus-sions on mobile payment systems and new perspectives on poverty allevia-tion via State subsidies. The Ministry of Culture funded the “Creative Cur-rencies” project in 2009–2010 and our next stage in this discovery process is to be supported by the National Social and Economic Development Bank (bndes). In short, there is genuine interest among public officials in different areas and public funding for social currencies is on the rise in Brazil.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Gilson Schwartz (gs): The “Creative Currencies” project is a work-in-progress platform  which  unfolds  as  an  action  research  agenda  connected  both  to  the  production  of  audiovisual  content  and  the  development  of  social  currency software. The initiative dates back to 2003 when I led an experimental project supported by the Presidency of Brazil. At that time, we issued paper currency in a small, touristic village in the Northeast Region which stimulated local cultural projects. But it was only in 2009 that the Central Bank of Brazil acknowledged “social currencies” as a legitimate economic agenda, calling for  more  debate  at  the  Financial  Inclusion  Forum.  This  year,  the  monetary  authorities organized a second forum that also opened the room to discus-sions on mobile payment systems and new perspectives on poverty allevia-tion via State subsidies. The Ministry of Culture funded the “Creative Cur-rencies” project in 2009–2010 and our next stage in this discovery process is to be supported by the National Social and Economic Development Bank (bndes). In short, there is genuine interest among public officials in different areas and public funding for social currencies is on the rise in Brazil.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Post-Continental Queer TheoryIn an interview with Paul Ennis in Post-Continental Voices, Adrian Ivakhiv is asked about his opinion concerning the future of post-continental philoso-phy and he responds that:In an increasingly global context, I’m not sure if either ‘continental phi-losophy’ or “analytical philosophy” have much of a future except as car-riers of certain legacies; they’re carry-overs from a time when philosophy seemed exclusive to the North Atlantic world. In a globally mediated, technologically shaped world of shifting and intersecting biocultural contexts, philosophy will have to be more hybrid, viral, and shapeshifting if it’s to remain efficacious as a motivating and inspirational force for cos-mopolitical world-making – which, to my mind, is what lies ahead of us.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Post-Continental Queer TheoryIn an interview with Paul Ennis in Post-Continental Voices, Adrian Ivakhiv is asked about his opinion concerning the future of post-continental philoso-phy and he responds that:In an increasingly global context, I’m not sure if either ‘continental phi-losophy’ or “analytical philosophy” have much of a future except as car-riers of certain legacies; they’re carry-overs from a time when philosophy seemed exclusive to the North Atlantic world. In a globally mediated, technologically shaped world of shifting and intersecting biocultural contexts, philosophy will have to be more hybrid, viral, and shapeshifting if it’s to remain efficacious as a motivating and inspirational force for cos-mopolitical world-making – which, to my mind, is what lies ahead of us.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Please  scan  the  qrcode  to  access  the  mp3  files  of  deep  brain  recordings  of individual brain cells, the smallest unit of the brain, in a whole, intact liv-ing  brain.  Each  brain  region’s  cells  possess  an  electrical  signature.  During  recordings electrical signals are transformed into sound to facilitate auditory identification of cells during a process called “mapping.” Mapping is an important step in successfully identifying and localizing the appropriate target site in the brain for an experimental therapeutic proce-dure  called  deep  brain  stimulation  which  has  been  used  for  patients  with  movement disorders and, more recently, for patients with psychiatric disor-ders.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Please  scan  the  qrcode  to  access  the  mp3  files  of  deep  brain  recordings  of individual brain cells, the smallest unit of the brain, in a whole, intact liv-ing  brain.  Each  brain  region’s  cells  possess  an  electrical  signature.  During  recordings electrical signals are transformed into sound to facilitate auditory identification of cells during a process called “mapping.” Mapping is an important step in successfully identifying and localizing the appropriate target site in the brain for an experimental therapeutic proce-dure  called  deep  brain  stimulation  which  has  been  used  for  patients  with  movement disorders and, more recently, for patients with psychiatric disor-ders.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">The Fragment as a Unit of Prose Composition</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">an Introduction</Subtitle>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The fragment, the note, the idea, the aphorism even: there are many names and as many uses for such small shards of free-floating text. Typi-cally fragments are less works than gestures, arrows pointing in the direc-tion a person might research, meditate on or develop. Unlike paragraphs or sentences, they do not flow directly from and into their bordering text. Instead they are independent, defined by their singularity, by the white space that encases them on a page – even when they are cobbled together and marshaled into service as the contents of a book. Still, though not exceedingly common, books of fragments (or notes or what-have-yous) do exist. However they are labeled, the very aloof-ness of disconnected micro-texts allows them certain privileges and pos-sibilities that a writer can employ and exploit. In such instances, the book of fragments may, almost paradoxically, gain a coherence as a singular work, all the more satisfying for its fractures.Two such books are Maggie Nelson’s blUetS and Evan Lavender-Smith’s From Old Notebooks. We are pleased to present a series of excerpts from each of these books, a selection of ‘outtakes’ – fragments that did not make it into the final manuscripts – from each, and short interviews with both Nelson and Lavender-Smith about the fragment as a literary device&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The fragment, the note, the idea, the aphorism even: there are many names and as many uses for such small shards of free-floating text. Typi-cally fragments are less works than gestures, arrows pointing in the direc-tion a person might research, meditate on or develop. Unlike paragraphs or sentences, they do not flow directly from and into their bordering text. Instead they are independent, defined by their singularity, by the white space that encases them on a page – even when they are cobbled together and marshaled into service as the contents of a book. Still, though not exceedingly common, books of fragments (or notes or what-have-yous) do exist. However they are labeled, the very aloof-ness of disconnected micro-texts allows them certain privileges and pos-sibilities that a writer can employ and exploit. In such instances, the book of fragments may, almost paradoxically, gain a coherence as a singular work, all the more satisfying for its fractures.Two such books are Maggie Nelson’s blUetS and Evan Lavender-Smith’s From Old Notebooks. We are pleased to present a series of excerpts from each of these books, a selection of ‘outtakes’ – fragments that did not make it into the final manuscripts – from each, and short interviews with both Nelson and Lavender-Smith about the fragment as a literary device&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Mad Speculation and Absolute Inhumanism</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Lovecraft, Ligotti, and the Weirding of Philosophy</Subtitle>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;I want to propose, as a trajectory into the philosophically weird, an absurd theoretical claim and pursue it, or perhaps more accurately, construct it as I point to it, collecting the ground work behind me like the Perpetual Train from  China  Miéville’s  Iron  Council  which  puts  down  track  as  it  moves  re-claiming it along the way. The strange trajectory is the following: Kant’s criti-cal philosophy and much of continental philosophy which has followed, has been a defense against horror and madness. Kant’s prohibition on specula-tive metaphysics such as dogmatic metaphysics and transcendental realism, on thinking beyond the imposition of transcendental and moral constraints, has been challenged by numerous figures proceeding him. One of the more interesting critiques of Kant comes from the mad black Deleuzianism of Nick Land  stating,  “Kant’s  critical  philosophy  is  the  most  elaborate  fit  of  panic  in the history of the Earth.”And while Alain Badiou would certainly be op-posed to the libidinal investments of Land’s Deleuzo-Guattarian thought, he is likewise critical of Kant’s normative thought-bureaucracies:Kant is the one author for whom I cannot feel any kinship. Everything in him exasperates me, above all his legalism – always asking Quid Juris?Or “Haven’t you crossed the limit?” – combined, as in today’s United States, with a religiosity that is all the more dismal in that it is both omnipresent and vague. The critical machinery he set up has enduringly poisoned philosophy, while giving great succour to the academy, which loves nothing more than to rap the knuckles of the overambitious [...]. That is how I understand the truth of Monique David-Menard’s reflec-tions on the properly psychotic origins of Kantianism (La Folie dans la raison pure [Paris: Vrin, 1990]). I am persuaded that the whole of the critical enterprise is set up to to shield against the tempting symptom represented by the seer Swedenborg, or against ‘diseases of the head’, as Kant puts it.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;I want to propose, as a trajectory into the philosophically weird, an absurd theoretical claim and pursue it, or perhaps more accurately, construct it as I point to it, collecting the ground work behind me like the Perpetual Train from  China  Miéville’s  Iron  Council  which  puts  down  track  as  it  moves  re-claiming it along the way. The strange trajectory is the following: Kant’s criti-cal philosophy and much of continental philosophy which has followed, has been a defense against horror and madness. Kant’s prohibition on specula-tive metaphysics such as dogmatic metaphysics and transcendental realism, on thinking beyond the imposition of transcendental and moral constraints, has been challenged by numerous figures proceeding him. One of the more interesting critiques of Kant comes from the mad black Deleuzianism of Nick Land  stating,  “Kant’s  critical  philosophy  is  the  most  elaborate  fit  of  panic  in the history of the Earth.”And while Alain Badiou would certainly be op-posed to the libidinal investments of Land’s Deleuzo-Guattarian thought, he is likewise critical of Kant’s normative thought-bureaucracies:Kant is the one author for whom I cannot feel any kinship. Everything in him exasperates me, above all his legalism – always asking Quid Juris?Or “Haven’t you crossed the limit?” – combined, as in today’s United States, with a religiosity that is all the more dismal in that it is both omnipresent and vague. The critical machinery he set up has enduringly poisoned philosophy, while giving great succour to the academy, which loves nothing more than to rap the knuckles of the overambitious [...]. That is how I understand the truth of Monique David-Menard’s reflec-tions on the properly psychotic origins of Kantianism (La Folie dans la raison pure [Paris: Vrin, 1990]). I am persuaded that the whole of the critical enterprise is set up to to shield against the tempting symptom represented by the seer Swedenborg, or against ‘diseases of the head’, as Kant puts it.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Covering Giorgio Agamben's Nudities</TitleText>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The most pervasive, resilient, robust, sneaky, and significant concept in all of Giorgio Agamben’s essays is that of  separation.  This  is  not  the  same  as   alienation.   Separation   is   more   nostalgic, for Agamben valorizes an ancient  world  in  which  human  soci-ety  and  its  beings  were  not  subject  to  such  separation.  He  implies  that  these  separations  are  damaging  to  human beings, crippling them at the very level of their identities.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The most pervasive, resilient, robust, sneaky, and significant concept in all of Giorgio Agamben’s essays is that of  separation.  This  is  not  the  same  as   alienation.   Separation   is   more   nostalgic, for Agamben valorizes an ancient  world  in  which  human  soci-ety  and  its  beings  were  not  subject  to  such  separation.  He  implies  that  these  separations  are  damaging  to  human beings, crippling them at the very level of their identities.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <Subtitle language="eng">The Poetry of Nikos Karouzos</Subtitle>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Nikos Karouzos had a communist teacher for a father and an orthodox priest for a grandfather. From his four years up to his high school gradua-tion he was incessantly educated, reading the entire private library of his granddad, comprising mainly the Orthodox Church Fathers and the an-cient classics. Later on in his life he sold the library for money, only to buy a little more time before he went broke again. Selling his only remaining capital for a few thousand drachmas, Karouzos traded not simply life, but language for poetry.  What twisted type of economy upholds this very decision? Can we speak of a certain investment, with specific returns? “I am talking about the fate of Lazarus: at once pauper and saved.” Nowadays – and ridiculously recently – we are more than apt to speak of a certain insouciance pertaining to the Greek form of expenditure: expendi-ture without any type of investment. This imprudent stance still conjures a “capital punishment”: each time, at each act of excess what is at stake is a caput, a head – the haunting dead metaphor for capital. Decapitation, as a road of no return, implies that capital is the condition for the possibility of returns – at least in this life. In that sense, the argument against imprudent economic conduct is not itself economic, but ethical if not ontological – Max Weber being our witness&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Nikos Karouzos had a communist teacher for a father and an orthodox priest for a grandfather. From his four years up to his high school gradua-tion he was incessantly educated, reading the entire private library of his granddad, comprising mainly the Orthodox Church Fathers and the an-cient classics. Later on in his life he sold the library for money, only to buy a little more time before he went broke again. Selling his only remaining capital for a few thousand drachmas, Karouzos traded not simply life, but language for poetry.  What twisted type of economy upholds this very decision? Can we speak of a certain investment, with specific returns? “I am talking about the fate of Lazarus: at once pauper and saved.” Nowadays – and ridiculously recently – we are more than apt to speak of a certain insouciance pertaining to the Greek form of expenditure: expendi-ture without any type of investment. This imprudent stance still conjures a “capital punishment”: each time, at each act of excess what is at stake is a caput, a head – the haunting dead metaphor for capital. Decapitation, as a road of no return, implies that capital is the condition for the possibility of returns – at least in this life. In that sense, the argument against imprudent economic conduct is not itself economic, but ethical if not ontological – Max Weber being our witness&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Selected Poems</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Nikos Karouzos</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Γιατί κρατούσαμε κάποτε ώς την πέμπτη μέρατο πασχαλινό πρόβατο;Τα κείμενα λένε: μ’ αυτού του θύματος το κρέαςέπρεπε να καθαρίσουμε όλες τις αισθήσεις.Για να δώσουμε κύμα στη ζωή λευκότατοθαυμάσιες ευωδιές στην έκταση του στήθους.Ιδανικά στο χάρο.Για να βλέπουμε τα λαμπράχαράματα του Άψινθου και να ’ναι η ψυχήστόλισμα βαθυχάρακτοτης πλώρης που την είπαμε θέληση.Τότε πολλές δορκάδες τρέχονταςανάμεσα στην καταπράσινηφύση με τους υδάτινους ύμνους,τότε, κατεβαίνοντας οι αθέλητοι άγγελοιμε κυλινδούμενο το ύψος στην ορμή τουςχαρίζονται της αστραφτερής Περιπέτειας.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Γιατί κρατούσαμε κάποτε ώς την πέμπτη μέρατο πασχαλινό πρόβατο;Τα κείμενα λένε: μ’ αυτού του θύματος το κρέαςέπρεπε να καθαρίσουμε όλες τις αισθήσεις.Για να δώσουμε κύμα στη ζωή λευκότατοθαυμάσιες ευωδιές στην έκταση του στήθους.Ιδανικά στο χάρο.Για να βλέπουμε τα λαμπράχαράματα του Άψινθου και να ’ναι η ψυχήστόλισμα βαθυχάρακτοτης πλώρης που την είπαμε θέληση.Τότε πολλές δορκάδες τρέχονταςανάμεσα στην καταπράσινηφύση με τους υδάτινους ύμνους,τότε, κατεβαίνοντας οι αθέλητοι άγγελοιμε κυλινδούμενο το ύψος στην ορμή τουςχαρίζονται της αστραφτερής Περιπέτειας.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <TitleType>01</TitleType>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Phillip Stearns</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">DCP Series</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Jamie Allen</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;A collection of Images produced by intentionally corrupting the circuitry of a Kodak DC280 2 MP digitalcamera. By rewiring the electronics of a digital camera, glitched images are produced in a manner that parallels chemically processing unexposed film or photographic paper to pro-duce photographic images without exposure to light. The DCP Series of Digital Images are direct visualizations of data generated by a digital camera as it takes a picture. Electronic processes associated with the normal operations of the camera, which are usually taken for granted, are revealed through an act of intervention. The camera is turned insideout through complexes of shortcircuits, selected by the artist, transforming the camera from a picture taking device to a data capturing device that renders raw data (electronic signals) as images. In essence, these images are snapshots of electronic signals dancing through the camera’s circuits, manually rerouted, written directly to the onboard memory device. Rath-er than seeing images of the world through a lens, we catch a glimpse of what the camera sees when it is forced to peer inside its own mind.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;A collection of Images produced by intentionally corrupting the circuitry of a Kodak DC280 2 MP digitalcamera. By rewiring the electronics of a digital camera, glitched images are produced in a manner that parallels chemically processing unexposed film or photographic paper to pro-duce photographic images without exposure to light. The DCP Series of Digital Images are direct visualizations of data generated by a digital camera as it takes a picture. Electronic processes associated with the normal operations of the camera, which are usually taken for granted, are revealed through an act of intervention. The camera is turned insideout through complexes of shortcircuits, selected by the artist, transforming the camera from a picture taking device to a data capturing device that renders raw data (electronic signals) as images. In essence, these images are snapshots of electronic signals dancing through the camera’s circuits, manually rerouted, written directly to the onboard memory device. Rath-er than seeing images of the world through a lens, we catch a glimpse of what the camera sees when it is forced to peer inside its own mind.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <PersonName>Allen, Jamie</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">The Crisis of Negation</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">An Interview with Alain Badiou</Subtitle>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Alain Badiou (ab): My answer is a simple one, in fact. The very nature of the crisis today is not, in my opinion, the crisis of capitalism, but the failure of socialism. And maybe I am the philosopher of the time where something like the “Great Hypothesis” coming from the nineteenth-century – and maybe much more, for the French Revolution – is in crisis. So it is the crisis of the idea of revolution. But behind the idea of revolution is the crisis of the idea of another world, of the possibility of, really, another organization of society, and so on. Not the crisis of the pure possibility, but the crisis of the historical possibility of something like that is caught in the facts themselves. And it is a crisis of negation because it is a crisis of a conception of negation which was a creative one. The idea of negation is by itself a negation of newness, and that if we have the means to really negate the established order – in the moment of that sort of negation – there is the birth of the new order. And so the affirmative part or the constructive part of the process is included in negation.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Alain Badiou (ab): My answer is a simple one, in fact. The very nature of the crisis today is not, in my opinion, the crisis of capitalism, but the failure of socialism. And maybe I am the philosopher of the time where something like the “Great Hypothesis” coming from the nineteenth-century – and maybe much more, for the French Revolution – is in crisis. So it is the crisis of the idea of revolution. But behind the idea of revolution is the crisis of the idea of another world, of the possibility of, really, another organization of society, and so on. Not the crisis of the pure possibility, but the crisis of the historical possibility of something like that is caught in the facts themselves. And it is a crisis of negation because it is a crisis of a conception of negation which was a creative one. The idea of negation is by itself a negation of newness, and that if we have the means to really negate the established order – in the moment of that sort of negation – there is the birth of the new order. And so the affirmative part or the constructive part of the process is included in negation.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">The Return of Benjamin's Storyteller</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Ronald Reagan as the Incorruptible Saint of Political Media</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Adam Staley Groves</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>National University of Singapore</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;St. Reagan and the Return of the StorytellerThe 2004 Republican National Convention was a significant event concern-ing  language  and  aesthetics  in  contemporary  politics.  The  Reagan  myth  appeared  as  a  stellar  aura  of  sentimentality  that  churned  a  cultic  swoon.  Among  the  polity  this  spectacular  mystery  passed  a  glow  upon  the  shoul-ders of gleeful followers. Engulfing George W. Bush’s body, the Reagan aura of the protector, the prophet, the historian, and narrator of American destiny oft portrayed as a humble man who simply transmits “content” bequeathed upon the sitting president his missionary staff to guard that “shining city on a hill.” This proverbial key to New Jerusalem follows Reagan’s own mythical thinking about the sacred role of the United States. After all the organism-city  was  under  attack  by  “terrorism.”  The  “real  America”  had  to  be  pre-served from suitcase nukes and radical Islam, what was needed, in fact, was the  wise  counsel  of  Reagan-Bush  to  survive  not  only  as  a  nation,  but  as  a  world.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;St. Reagan and the Return of the StorytellerThe 2004 Republican National Convention was a significant event concern-ing  language  and  aesthetics  in  contemporary  politics.  The  Reagan  myth  appeared  as  a  stellar  aura  of  sentimentality  that  churned  a  cultic  swoon.  Among  the  polity  this  spectacular  mystery  passed  a  glow  upon  the  shoul-ders of gleeful followers. Engulfing George W. Bush’s body, the Reagan aura of the protector, the prophet, the historian, and narrator of American destiny oft portrayed as a humble man who simply transmits “content” bequeathed upon the sitting president his missionary staff to guard that “shining city on a hill.” This proverbial key to New Jerusalem follows Reagan’s own mythical thinking about the sacred role of the United States. After all the organism-city  was  under  attack  by  “terrorism.”  The  “real  America”  had  to  be  pre-served from suitcase nukes and radical Islam, what was needed, in fact, was the  wise  counsel  of  Reagan-Bush  to  survive  not  only  as  a  nation,  but  as  a  world.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <PersonName>Groves, Staley A.</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Anders Brevik</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">On Copying the Obscure</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Vincent W.J. van Gerven Oei</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In the aftermath of the lethal shooting of politically organizing left-wing stu-dents and the bombing of Oslo’s political center by the Norwegian Anders Breivik, there has been much discussion about the rationale behind his ac-tions in a general sense, and, more specifically, the implications and explica-tions  of  right-wing,  nationalist,  racist  language  which  is  considerably  com-mon  in  several  European  nations.  In  many  forum  threads  and  blog  posts,  analyses are given of Breivik’s actions in relation to the current political cli-mate in these environs, which, truth be told, is of an extremely poisonous na-ture. Ample reflection is given on the 1500+ page manifesto distributed by Breivik, entitled 2083: A European Declaration of Independence; De Laude Novae Militiae Pauperes Commilitones Christi Templique Solomonici, which appears to have been finished the day before he committed his crimes. This essay aims not so much for a clarification of the content of this manifesto, but attempts to provide a cartography of its rhetorical procedures, hoping to  deconstruct  some  of  the  discourse  that  Breivik  has  managed  to  create  around himself, both before and after his act. It first of all is an attempt to read  Breivik  as  copycat,  borrowing  left  and  right,  against  unstable  credit  limits and with uncertain debt ceilings, assembling his ideological trust fund from sources as divergent as the Columbine Massacre, American conserva-tive politics, eugenics, post-Luddite ideology, and freemasonry.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In the aftermath of the lethal shooting of politically organizing left-wing stu-dents and the bombing of Oslo’s political center by the Norwegian Anders Breivik, there has been much discussion about the rationale behind his ac-tions in a general sense, and, more specifically, the implications and explica-tions  of  right-wing,  nationalist,  racist  language  which  is  considerably  com-mon  in  several  European  nations.  In  many  forum  threads  and  blog  posts,  analyses are given of Breivik’s actions in relation to the current political cli-mate in these environs, which, truth be told, is of an extremely poisonous na-ture. Ample reflection is given on the 1500+ page manifesto distributed by Breivik, entitled 2083: A European Declaration of Independence; De Laude Novae Militiae Pauperes Commilitones Christi Templique Solomonici, which appears to have been finished the day before he committed his crimes. This essay aims not so much for a clarification of the content of this manifesto, but attempts to provide a cartography of its rhetorical procedures, hoping to  deconstruct  some  of  the  discourse  that  Breivik  has  managed  to  create  around himself, both before and after his act. It first of all is an attempt to read  Breivik  as  copycat,  borrowing  left  and  right,  against  unstable  credit  limits and with uncertain debt ceilings, assembling his ideological trust fund from sources as divergent as the Columbine Massacre, American conserva-tive politics, eugenics, post-Luddite ideology, and freemasonry.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <PersonName>W.J. van Gerven Oei, Vincent</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">A Playful Reading of the Double Quotation in The Descent of Alette by Alice Notley</TitleText>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;“The Descent of Alette” “is an allegorical poem” “in four books” “first pub-lished” “in 1992” “by Alice Notley.” “In The Descent of Alette,” “the double quotation  mark”  “is  wrapped  around”  “words,  phrases,  sometimes  whole  sentences, and utilized as bones for structure and tonality.” “The winged” “dbl  quotation”  “like  angels  or  devils”  “descending  from  elsewhere”  “function as” “poetic feet.” “Distance” “in the text through the use of dbl quotes,”  “according  to  Notley,”  “was  a  way  to  distance”  “her  self”  “from  the narrative.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;“The Descent of Alette” “is an allegorical poem” “in four books” “first pub-lished” “in 1992” “by Alice Notley.” “In The Descent of Alette,” “the double quotation  mark”  “is  wrapped  around”  “words,  phrases,  sometimes  whole  sentences, and utilized as bones for structure and tonality.” “The winged” “dbl  quotation”  “like  angels  or  devils”  “descending  from  elsewhere”  “function as” “poetic feet.” “Distance” “in the text through the use of dbl quotes,”  “according  to  Notley,”  “was  a  way  to  distance”  “her  self”  “from  the narrative.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <PersonName>Molina, Feliz Lucia</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Objects as Temporary Autonomous Zones</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Timothy Morton</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>Rice University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Autonomy  means  that  although  something  is  part  of  something  else,  or  related  to  it  in  some  way,  it  has  its  own  “law”  or  “tendency”  (Greek,  no-mos). In their book on life sciences, Medawar and Medawar state, “Organs and  tissues  [...]  are  composed  of  cells  which  [...]  have  a  high  measure  of  autonomy.” Autonomy  also  has  ethical  and  political  valences.  De  Grazia  writes, “In Kant’s enormously influential moral philosophy, autonomy, or free-dom from the causal determinism of nature, became prominent in justifying the human use of animals.” One of the oldest uses of autonomy in English is a description of the French civil war from the late sixteenth century: “Others of the [...] rebellion entred in counsell, whether they ought to admit the King vpon reasonable conditions, specially hauing their autonomy.” Life, and in particular human life, and in particular human politics, is well served by the usages of autonomy. What about the rest of reality, however? Should it be thought of, if it’s even considered real and mind-independent, as pure stuff for the manipulation or decorative tastes of truly autonomous beings?  We  tend  to  think  of  things  such  as  paperweights  and  iPhones  as  mere tools of human design and human use. To use them is to cause them to exist as fully and properly as they can. But according to Martin Heidegger, when a tool such as a paperweight is used, it disappears, or withdraws (Ent-zug).  We  are  preoccupied  with  copying  the  page  that  the  paperweight  is  holding  down.  We  are  concerned  with  an  essay  deadline,  and  the  paper-weight simply disappears into this general project. If the paperweight slips, or  if  the  iPhone  freezes,  we  might  notice  it.  All  of  a  sudden  it  becomes  vorhanden (present-at-hand) rather than zuhanden (ready-to-hand).&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Autonomy  means  that  although  something  is  part  of  something  else,  or  related  to  it  in  some  way,  it  has  its  own  “law”  or  “tendency”  (Greek,  no-mos). In their book on life sciences, Medawar and Medawar state, “Organs and  tissues  [...]  are  composed  of  cells  which  [...]  have  a  high  measure  of  autonomy.” Autonomy  also  has  ethical  and  political  valences.  De  Grazia  writes, “In Kant’s enormously influential moral philosophy, autonomy, or free-dom from the causal determinism of nature, became prominent in justifying the human use of animals.” One of the oldest uses of autonomy in English is a description of the French civil war from the late sixteenth century: “Others of the [...] rebellion entred in counsell, whether they ought to admit the King vpon reasonable conditions, specially hauing their autonomy.” Life, and in particular human life, and in particular human politics, is well served by the usages of autonomy. What about the rest of reality, however? Should it be thought of, if it’s even considered real and mind-independent, as pure stuff for the manipulation or decorative tastes of truly autonomous beings?  We  tend  to  think  of  things  such  as  paperweights  and  iPhones  as  mere tools of human design and human use. To use them is to cause them to exist as fully and properly as they can. But according to Martin Heidegger, when a tool such as a paperweight is used, it disappears, or withdraws (Ent-zug).  We  are  preoccupied  with  copying  the  page  that  the  paperweight  is  holding  down.  We  are  concerned  with  an  essay  deadline,  and  the  paper-weight simply disappears into this general project. If the paperweight slips, or  if  the  iPhone  freezes,  we  might  notice  it.  All  of  a  sudden  it  becomes  vorhanden (present-at-hand) rather than zuhanden (ready-to-hand).&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <PersonName>Morton, Timothy</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Money as Media</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Gilson Schwartz on the Semiotics of Digital Currency</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Renata Lemos-Morais</PersonName>
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              <AffiliationIDType>40</AffiliationIDType>
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            <Affiliation>Deakin University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Gilson Schwartz (gs): The “Creative Currencies” project is a work-in-progress platform  which  unfolds  as  an  action  research  agenda  connected  both  to  the  production  of  audiovisual  content  and  the  development  of  social  currency software. The initiative dates back to 2003 when I led an experimental project supported by the Presidency of Brazil. At that time, we issued paper currency in a small, touristic village in the Northeast Region which stimulated local cultural projects. But it was only in 2009 that the Central Bank of Brazil acknowledged “social currencies” as a legitimate economic agenda, calling for  more  debate  at  the  Financial  Inclusion  Forum.  This  year,  the  monetary  authorities organized a second forum that also opened the room to discus-sions on mobile payment systems and new perspectives on poverty allevia-tion via State subsidies. The Ministry of Culture funded the “Creative Cur-rencies” project in 2009–2010 and our next stage in this discovery process is to be supported by the National Social and Economic Development Bank (bndes). In short, there is genuine interest among public officials in different areas and public funding for social currencies is on the rise in Brazil.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Gilson Schwartz (gs): The “Creative Currencies” project is a work-in-progress platform  which  unfolds  as  an  action  research  agenda  connected  both  to  the  production  of  audiovisual  content  and  the  development  of  social  currency software. The initiative dates back to 2003 when I led an experimental project supported by the Presidency of Brazil. At that time, we issued paper currency in a small, touristic village in the Northeast Region which stimulated local cultural projects. But it was only in 2009 that the Central Bank of Brazil acknowledged “social currencies” as a legitimate economic agenda, calling for  more  debate  at  the  Financial  Inclusion  Forum.  This  year,  the  monetary  authorities organized a second forum that also opened the room to discus-sions on mobile payment systems and new perspectives on poverty allevia-tion via State subsidies. The Ministry of Culture funded the “Creative Cur-rencies” project in 2009–2010 and our next stage in this discovery process is to be supported by the National Social and Economic Development Bank (bndes). In short, there is genuine interest among public officials in different areas and public funding for social currencies is on the rise in Brazil.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Lemos-Morais, Renata</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">The Afterlives of Queer Theory</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Michael O'Rourke</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Post-Continental Queer TheoryIn an interview with Paul Ennis in Post-Continental Voices, Adrian Ivakhiv is asked about his opinion concerning the future of post-continental philoso-phy and he responds that:In an increasingly global context, I’m not sure if either ‘continental phi-losophy’ or “analytical philosophy” have much of a future except as car-riers of certain legacies; they’re carry-overs from a time when philosophy seemed exclusive to the North Atlantic world. In a globally mediated, technologically shaped world of shifting and intersecting biocultural contexts, philosophy will have to be more hybrid, viral, and shapeshifting if it’s to remain efficacious as a motivating and inspirational force for cos-mopolitical world-making – which, to my mind, is what lies ahead of us.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Post-Continental Queer TheoryIn an interview with Paul Ennis in Post-Continental Voices, Adrian Ivakhiv is asked about his opinion concerning the future of post-continental philoso-phy and he responds that:In an increasingly global context, I’m not sure if either ‘continental phi-losophy’ or “analytical philosophy” have much of a future except as car-riers of certain legacies; they’re carry-overs from a time when philosophy seemed exclusive to the North Atlantic world. In a globally mediated, technologically shaped world of shifting and intersecting biocultural contexts, philosophy will have to be more hybrid, viral, and shapeshifting if it’s to remain efficacious as a motivating and inspirational force for cos-mopolitical world-making – which, to my mind, is what lies ahead of us.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>O'Rourke, Michael</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Please Mind the Gap</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">How to Podcast Your Brain</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Karen Spaceinvaders</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Please  scan  the  qrcode  to  access  the  mp3  files  of  deep  brain  recordings  of individual brain cells, the smallest unit of the brain, in a whole, intact liv-ing  brain.  Each  brain  region’s  cells  possess  an  electrical  signature.  During  recordings electrical signals are transformed into sound to facilitate auditory identification of cells during a process called “mapping.” Mapping is an important step in successfully identifying and localizing the appropriate target site in the brain for an experimental therapeutic proce-dure  called  deep  brain  stimulation  which  has  been  used  for  patients  with  movement disorders and, more recently, for patients with psychiatric disor-ders.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Please  scan  the  qrcode  to  access  the  mp3  files  of  deep  brain  recordings  of individual brain cells, the smallest unit of the brain, in a whole, intact liv-ing  brain.  Each  brain  region’s  cells  possess  an  electrical  signature.  During  recordings electrical signals are transformed into sound to facilitate auditory identification of cells during a process called “mapping.” Mapping is an important step in successfully identifying and localizing the appropriate target site in the brain for an experimental therapeutic proce-dure  called  deep  brain  stimulation  which  has  been  used  for  patients  with  movement disorders and, more recently, for patients with psychiatric disor-ders.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <TextType>20</TextType>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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          <CopyrightOwner>
            <PersonName>Spaceinvaders, Karen</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">The Fragment as a Unit of Prose Composition</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">an Introduction</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Ben Segal</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Ben</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Segal</KeyNames>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The fragment, the note, the idea, the aphorism even: there are many names and as many uses for such small shards of free-floating text. Typi-cally fragments are less works than gestures, arrows pointing in the direc-tion a person might research, meditate on or develop. Unlike paragraphs or sentences, they do not flow directly from and into their bordering text. Instead they are independent, defined by their singularity, by the white space that encases them on a page – even when they are cobbled together and marshaled into service as the contents of a book. Still, though not exceedingly common, books of fragments (or notes or what-have-yous) do exist. However they are labeled, the very aloof-ness of disconnected micro-texts allows them certain privileges and pos-sibilities that a writer can employ and exploit. In such instances, the book of fragments may, almost paradoxically, gain a coherence as a singular work, all the more satisfying for its fractures.Two such books are Maggie Nelson’s blUetS and Evan Lavender-Smith’s From Old Notebooks. We are pleased to present a series of excerpts from each of these books, a selection of ‘outtakes’ – fragments that did not make it into the final manuscripts – from each, and short interviews with both Nelson and Lavender-Smith about the fragment as a literary device&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The fragment, the note, the idea, the aphorism even: there are many names and as many uses for such small shards of free-floating text. Typi-cally fragments are less works than gestures, arrows pointing in the direc-tion a person might research, meditate on or develop. Unlike paragraphs or sentences, they do not flow directly from and into their bordering text. Instead they are independent, defined by their singularity, by the white space that encases them on a page – even when they are cobbled together and marshaled into service as the contents of a book. Still, though not exceedingly common, books of fragments (or notes or what-have-yous) do exist. However they are labeled, the very aloof-ness of disconnected micro-texts allows them certain privileges and pos-sibilities that a writer can employ and exploit. In such instances, the book of fragments may, almost paradoxically, gain a coherence as a singular work, all the more satisfying for its fractures.Two such books are Maggie Nelson’s blUetS and Evan Lavender-Smith’s From Old Notebooks. We are pleased to present a series of excerpts from each of these books, a selection of ‘outtakes’ – fragments that did not make it into the final manuscripts – from each, and short interviews with both Nelson and Lavender-Smith about the fragment as a literary device&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;I want to propose, as a trajectory into the philosophically weird, an absurd theoretical claim and pursue it, or perhaps more accurately, construct it as I point to it, collecting the ground work behind me like the Perpetual Train from  China  Miéville’s  Iron  Council  which  puts  down  track  as  it  moves  re-claiming it along the way. The strange trajectory is the following: Kant’s criti-cal philosophy and much of continental philosophy which has followed, has been a defense against horror and madness. Kant’s prohibition on specula-tive metaphysics such as dogmatic metaphysics and transcendental realism, on thinking beyond the imposition of transcendental and moral constraints, has been challenged by numerous figures proceeding him. One of the more interesting critiques of Kant comes from the mad black Deleuzianism of Nick Land  stating,  “Kant’s  critical  philosophy  is  the  most  elaborate  fit  of  panic  in the history of the Earth.”And while Alain Badiou would certainly be op-posed to the libidinal investments of Land’s Deleuzo-Guattarian thought, he is likewise critical of Kant’s normative thought-bureaucracies:Kant is the one author for whom I cannot feel any kinship. Everything in him exasperates me, above all his legalism – always asking Quid Juris?Or “Haven’t you crossed the limit?” – combined, as in today’s United States, with a religiosity that is all the more dismal in that it is both omnipresent and vague. The critical machinery he set up has enduringly poisoned philosophy, while giving great succour to the academy, which loves nothing more than to rap the knuckles of the overambitious [...]. That is how I understand the truth of Monique David-Menard’s reflec-tions on the properly psychotic origins of Kantianism (La Folie dans la raison pure [Paris: Vrin, 1990]). I am persuaded that the whole of the critical enterprise is set up to to shield against the tempting symptom represented by the seer Swedenborg, or against ‘diseases of the head’, as Kant puts it.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;I want to propose, as a trajectory into the philosophically weird, an absurd theoretical claim and pursue it, or perhaps more accurately, construct it as I point to it, collecting the ground work behind me like the Perpetual Train from  China  Miéville’s  Iron  Council  which  puts  down  track  as  it  moves  re-claiming it along the way. The strange trajectory is the following: Kant’s criti-cal philosophy and much of continental philosophy which has followed, has been a defense against horror and madness. Kant’s prohibition on specula-tive metaphysics such as dogmatic metaphysics and transcendental realism, on thinking beyond the imposition of transcendental and moral constraints, has been challenged by numerous figures proceeding him. One of the more interesting critiques of Kant comes from the mad black Deleuzianism of Nick Land  stating,  “Kant’s  critical  philosophy  is  the  most  elaborate  fit  of  panic  in the history of the Earth.”And while Alain Badiou would certainly be op-posed to the libidinal investments of Land’s Deleuzo-Guattarian thought, he is likewise critical of Kant’s normative thought-bureaucracies:Kant is the one author for whom I cannot feel any kinship. Everything in him exasperates me, above all his legalism – always asking Quid Juris?Or “Haven’t you crossed the limit?” – combined, as in today’s United States, with a religiosity that is all the more dismal in that it is both omnipresent and vague. The critical machinery he set up has enduringly poisoned philosophy, while giving great succour to the academy, which loves nothing more than to rap the knuckles of the overambitious [...]. That is how I understand the truth of Monique David-Menard’s reflec-tions on the properly psychotic origins of Kantianism (La Folie dans la raison pure [Paris: Vrin, 1990]). I am persuaded that the whole of the critical enterprise is set up to to shield against the tempting symptom represented by the seer Swedenborg, or against ‘diseases of the head’, as Kant puts it.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Covering Giorgio Agamben's Nudities</TitleText>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The most pervasive, resilient, robust, sneaky, and significant concept in all of Giorgio Agamben’s essays is that of  separation.  This  is  not  the  same  as   alienation.   Separation   is   more   nostalgic, for Agamben valorizes an ancient  world  in  which  human  soci-ety  and  its  beings  were  not  subject  to  such  separation.  He  implies  that  these  separations  are  damaging  to  human beings, crippling them at the very level of their identities.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The most pervasive, resilient, robust, sneaky, and significant concept in all of Giorgio Agamben’s essays is that of  separation.  This  is  not  the  same  as   alienation.   Separation   is   more   nostalgic, for Agamben valorizes an ancient  world  in  which  human  soci-ety  and  its  beings  were  not  subject  to  such  separation.  He  implies  that  these  separations  are  damaging  to  human beings, crippling them at the very level of their identities.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Anna Kisiel is a literary scholar, English philologist, and assistant professor at the University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland. In 2019, she received her PhD in literary studies. She has published extensively on Bracha L. Ettinger’s matrixial theory both in English and in Polish. She is an editorial team member of several academic journals, including ER(R)GO: Theory – Literature – Culture and MAI: Feminism &amp;amp; Visual Culture, and she is a member of the Polish Academy of Sciences Commission on Literary History (Katowice Branch). Her academic research revolves around – but is not limited to – matrixial psychoanalysis, trauma studies, photography theory, and body and femininity in the visual arts and literature.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Can we think of an ethics that originates in corporeality, and not in codified or symbolic systems? In Corporeal Aesth/ethics, the body resurfaces as a central category of Bracha L. Ettinger’s theory and art, as well as an interpretive key that allows us to assume ethical responsibility for an Other who is not abstract, or distant, or total. Ettinger’s matrixial theory, a deeply feminist psychoanalytical system, ventures beyond the models of subjectivity based on separation and lack, and thus it helps us rethink togetherness and our own humanity.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Corporeal Aesth/ethics explores how we become subjects not through a series of cuts, but through an encounter with radical openness, modeled upon the intrauterine/pregnancy period. Even though the theorized encounter relies on caring, carrying, and sharing, it is far from pleasant and safe, as we might assume. Indeed, some of the knowledge communicated in this phase of subjectivity-becoming may turn out to be painful, even traumatic. It is this profoundly corporeal encounter, Kisiel contends, that makes it possible to conceive of the body as a site and source of ethics. Envisioned through the lens of the matrixial, a subject (never alone, always in severality) reaches new modes of intimacy and hospitality, occasioned by our universally shared, originary experience of becoming with-in the maternal body.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;A psychoanalyst, theoretician, and feminist, Ettinger is also an artist. Sharing Ettinger’s conviction that “painting and theory are not different aspects that attest to the same thing, but are rather differentiated levels of working-through,” Kisiel maps the entanglements of the (feminine/motherly) body in both dimensions of Ettinger’s work. In five chapters, this book delineates the project of Ettinger’s corporeal aesth/ethics. It contextualizes the matrixial body, analyzes its humanizing potential, and proposes dialogues of Ettinger’s work with feminism, theology, and Holocaust studies.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Can we think of an ethics that originates in corporeality, and not in codified or symbolic systems? In Corporeal Aesth/ethics, the body resurfaces as a central category of Bracha L. Ettinger’s theory and art, as well as an interpretive key that allows us to assume ethical responsibility for an Other who is not abstract, or distant, or total. Ettinger’s matrixial theory, a deeply feminist psychoanalytical system, ventures beyond the models of subjectivity based on separation and lack, and thus it helps us rethink togetherness and our own humanity.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Corporeal Aesth/ethics explores how we become subjects not through a series of cuts, but through an encounter with radical openness, modeled upon the intrauterine/pregnancy period. Even though the theorized encounter relies on caring, carrying, and sharing, it is far from pleasant and safe, as we might assume. Indeed, some of the knowledge communicated in this phase of subjectivity-becoming may turn out to be painful, even traumatic. It is this profoundly corporeal encounter, Kisiel contends, that makes it possible to conceive of the body as a site and source of ethics. Envisioned through the lens of the matrixial, a subject (never alone, always in severality) reaches new modes of intimacy and hospitality, occasioned by our universally shared, originary experience of becoming with-in the maternal body.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;A psychoanalyst, theoretician, and feminist, Ettinger is also an artist. Sharing Ettinger’s conviction that “painting and theory are not different aspects that attest to the same thing, but are rather differentiated levels of working-through,” Kisiel maps the entanglements of the (feminine/motherly) body in both dimensions of Ettinger’s work. In five chapters, this book delineates the project of Ettinger’s corporeal aesth/ethics. It contextualizes the matrixial body, analyzes its humanizing potential, and proposes dialogues of Ettinger’s work with feminism, theology, and Holocaust studies.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Anna Kisiel is a literary scholar, English philologist, and assistant professor at the University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland. In 2019, she received her PhD in literary studies. She has published extensively on Bracha L. Ettinger’s matrixial theory both in English and in Polish. She is an editorial team member of several academic journals, including ER(R)GO: Theory – Literature – Culture and MAI: Feminism &amp;amp; Visual Culture, and she is a member of the Polish Academy of Sciences Commission on Literary History (Katowice Branch). Her academic research revolves around – but is not limited to – matrixial psychoanalysis, trauma studies, photography theory, and body and femininity in the visual arts and literature.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Can we think of an ethics that originates in corporeality, and not in codified or symbolic systems? In Corporeal Aesth/ethics, the body resurfaces as a central category of Bracha L. Ettinger’s theory and art, as well as an interpretive key that allows us to assume ethical responsibility for an Other who is not abstract, or distant, or total. Ettinger’s matrixial theory, a deeply feminist psychoanalytical system, ventures beyond the models of subjectivity based on separation and lack, and thus it helps us rethink togetherness and our own humanity.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Corporeal Aesth/ethics explores how we become subjects not through a series of cuts, but through an encounter with radical openness, modeled upon the intrauterine/pregnancy period. Even though the theorized encounter relies on caring, carrying, and sharing, it is far from pleasant and safe, as we might assume. Indeed, some of the knowledge communicated in this phase of subjectivity-becoming may turn out to be painful, even traumatic. It is this profoundly corporeal encounter, Kisiel contends, that makes it possible to conceive of the body as a site and source of ethics. Envisioned through the lens of the matrixial, a subject (never alone, always in severality) reaches new modes of intimacy and hospitality, occasioned by our universally shared, originary experience of becoming with-in the maternal body.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;A psychoanalyst, theoretician, and feminist, Ettinger is also an artist. Sharing Ettinger’s conviction that “painting and theory are not different aspects that attest to the same thing, but are rather differentiated levels of working-through,” Kisiel maps the entanglements of the (feminine/motherly) body in both dimensions of Ettinger’s work. In five chapters, this book delineates the project of Ettinger’s corporeal aesth/ethics. It contextualizes the matrixial body, analyzes its humanizing potential, and proposes dialogues of Ettinger’s work with feminism, theology, and Holocaust studies.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Can we think of an ethics that originates in corporeality, and not in codified or symbolic systems? In Corporeal Aesth/ethics, the body resurfaces as a central category of Bracha L. Ettinger’s theory and art, as well as an interpretive key that allows us to assume ethical responsibility for an Other who is not abstract, or distant, or total. Ettinger’s matrixial theory, a deeply feminist psychoanalytical system, ventures beyond the models of subjectivity based on separation and lack, and thus it helps us rethink togetherness and our own humanity.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Corporeal Aesth/ethics explores how we become subjects not through a series of cuts, but through an encounter with radical openness, modeled upon the intrauterine/pregnancy period. Even though the theorized encounter relies on caring, carrying, and sharing, it is far from pleasant and safe, as we might assume. Indeed, some of the knowledge communicated in this phase of subjectivity-becoming may turn out to be painful, even traumatic. It is this profoundly corporeal encounter, Kisiel contends, that makes it possible to conceive of the body as a site and source of ethics. Envisioned through the lens of the matrixial, a subject (never alone, always in severality) reaches new modes of intimacy and hospitality, occasioned by our universally shared, originary experience of becoming with-in the maternal body.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;A psychoanalyst, theoretician, and feminist, Ettinger is also an artist. Sharing Ettinger’s conviction that “painting and theory are not different aspects that attest to the same thing, but are rather differentiated levels of working-through,” Kisiel maps the entanglements of the (feminine/motherly) body in both dimensions of Ettinger’s work. In five chapters, this book delineates the project of Ettinger’s corporeal aesth/ethics. It contextualizes the matrixial body, analyzes its humanizing potential, and proposes dialogues of Ettinger’s work with feminism, theology, and Holocaust studies.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <TitleText language="eng">Corporeal Aesth/ethics</TitleText>
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        <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Anna Kisiel is a literary scholar, English philologist, and assistant professor at the University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland. In 2019, she received her PhD in literary studies. She has published extensively on Bracha L. Ettinger’s matrixial theory both in English and in Polish. She is an editorial team member of several academic journals, including ER(R)GO: Theory – Literature – Culture and MAI: Feminism &amp;amp; Visual Culture, and she is a member of the Polish Academy of Sciences Commission on Literary History (Katowice Branch). Her academic research revolves around – but is not limited to – matrixial psychoanalysis, trauma studies, photography theory, and body and femininity in the visual arts and literature.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Can we think of an ethics that originates in corporeality, and not in codified or symbolic systems? In Corporeal Aesth/ethics, the body resurfaces as a central category of Bracha L. Ettinger’s theory and art, as well as an interpretive key that allows us to assume ethical responsibility for an Other who is not abstract, or distant, or total. Ettinger’s matrixial theory, a deeply feminist psychoanalytical system, ventures beyond the models of subjectivity based on separation and lack, and thus it helps us rethink togetherness and our own humanity.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Corporeal Aesth/ethics explores how we become subjects not through a series of cuts, but through an encounter with radical openness, modeled upon the intrauterine/pregnancy period. Even though the theorized encounter relies on caring, carrying, and sharing, it is far from pleasant and safe, as we might assume. Indeed, some of the knowledge communicated in this phase of subjectivity-becoming may turn out to be painful, even traumatic. It is this profoundly corporeal encounter, Kisiel contends, that makes it possible to conceive of the body as a site and source of ethics. Envisioned through the lens of the matrixial, a subject (never alone, always in severality) reaches new modes of intimacy and hospitality, occasioned by our universally shared, originary experience of becoming with-in the maternal body.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;A psychoanalyst, theoretician, and feminist, Ettinger is also an artist. Sharing Ettinger’s conviction that “painting and theory are not different aspects that attest to the same thing, but are rather differentiated levels of working-through,” Kisiel maps the entanglements of the (feminine/motherly) body in both dimensions of Ettinger’s work. In five chapters, this book delineates the project of Ettinger’s corporeal aesth/ethics. It contextualizes the matrixial body, analyzes its humanizing potential, and proposes dialogues of Ettinger’s work with feminism, theology, and Holocaust studies.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Can we think of an ethics that originates in corporeality, and not in codified or symbolic systems? In Corporeal Aesth/ethics, the body resurfaces as a central category of Bracha L. Ettinger’s theory and art, as well as an interpretive key that allows us to assume ethical responsibility for an Other who is not abstract, or distant, or total. Ettinger’s matrixial theory, a deeply feminist psychoanalytical system, ventures beyond the models of subjectivity based on separation and lack, and thus it helps us rethink togetherness and our own humanity.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Corporeal Aesth/ethics explores how we become subjects not through a series of cuts, but through an encounter with radical openness, modeled upon the intrauterine/pregnancy period. Even though the theorized encounter relies on caring, carrying, and sharing, it is far from pleasant and safe, as we might assume. Indeed, some of the knowledge communicated in this phase of subjectivity-becoming may turn out to be painful, even traumatic. It is this profoundly corporeal encounter, Kisiel contends, that makes it possible to conceive of the body as a site and source of ethics. Envisioned through the lens of the matrixial, a subject (never alone, always in severality) reaches new modes of intimacy and hospitality, occasioned by our universally shared, originary experience of becoming with-in the maternal body.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;A psychoanalyst, theoretician, and feminist, Ettinger is also an artist. Sharing Ettinger’s conviction that “painting and theory are not different aspects that attest to the same thing, but are rather differentiated levels of working-through,” Kisiel maps the entanglements of the (feminine/motherly) body in both dimensions of Ettinger’s work. In five chapters, this book delineates the project of Ettinger’s corporeal aesth/ethics. It contextualizes the matrixial body, analyzes its humanizing potential, and proposes dialogues of Ettinger’s work with feminism, theology, and Holocaust studies.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Manuscript Cotton Nero A.x takes its designation from the unique cataloging system of seventeenth-century British antiquarian Sir Robert Cotton’s library: busts of historical figures atop shelves provided the organizing principle, such that one found this particular codex under the bust of Roman Emperor Nero, on the top shelf, ten volumes over. (Another famous manuscript, containing Beowulf, is called Cotton Vitellius A.xv.) Cotton Nero A.x contains the only versions of the poems we now know as Pearl, Cleanness, Patience, and Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, generally agreed to have been composed sometime in the latter half of the fourteenth century—the time of Piers Plowman and Geoffrey Chaucer, though radically different from either. No one knows who the poet was. No one knows if more than one poet wrote some or all of the poems. Together, they present a stunning array of themes, allegories, and images that critics continue to puzzle over: Patience offers a psychologically complex rendering of the Old Testament story of Jonah and the whale; Cleanness explores its homiletic theme in carnal and spiritual terms with complexity, irony, and even humor; Pearl provides a dream allegory that pushes at the distinction between its earthly and heavenly meanings, challenging the very notion of metaphysical transcendence its form seems to point towards. Finally, Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, the most secular of the poems, is a sophisticated take on Arthurian legend that unfolds like a psychosexual mystery novel, with no easy solution in sight.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;All the poems are rendered in a difficult Middle English dialect and intricate alliterative form, which sometimes involves a complex rhyme scheme as well. As poet-medievalists, we bow before the poetic achievement of the works in Cotton Nero A.x in all their multi-faceted richness. This is not a translation, nor an interpretation. It is what might be called a trace. A response. A homework assignment from beyond the grave, for four students who should have known better. A dream we hope to dream.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Manuscript Cotton Nero A.x takes its designation from the unique cataloging system of seventeenth-century British antiquarian Sir Robert Cotton’s library: busts of historical figures atop shelves provided the organizing principle, such that one found this particular codex under the bust of Roman Emperor Nero, on the top shelf, ten volumes over. (Another famous manuscript, containing Beowulf, is called Cotton Vitellius A.xv.) Cotton Nero A.x contains the only versions of the poems we now know as Pearl, Cleanness, Patience, and Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, generally agreed to have been composed sometime in the latter half of the fourteenth century—the time of Piers Plowman and Geoffrey Chaucer, though radically different from either. No one knows who the poet was. No one knows if more than one poet wrote some or all of the poems. Together, they present a stunning array of themes, allegories, and images that critics continue to puzzle over: Patience offers a psychologically complex rendering of the Old Testament story of Jonah and the whale; Cleanness explores its homiletic theme in carnal and spiritual terms with complexity, irony, and even humor; Pearl provides a dream allegory that pushes at the distinction between its earthly and heavenly meanings, challenging the very notion of metaphysical transcendence its form seems to point towards. Finally, Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, the most secular of the poems, is a sophisticated take on Arthurian legend that unfolds like a psychosexual mystery novel, with no easy solution in sight.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;All the poems are rendered in a difficult Middle English dialect and intricate alliterative form, which sometimes involves a complex rhyme scheme as well. As poet-medievalists, we bow before the poetic achievement of the works in Cotton Nero A.x in all their multi-faceted richness. This is not a translation, nor an interpretation. It is what might be called a trace. A response. A homework assignment from beyond the grave, for four students who should have known better. A dream we hope to dream.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Manuscript Cotton Nero A.x takes its designation from the unique cataloging system of seventeenth-century British antiquarian Sir Robert Cotton’s library: busts of historical figures atop shelves provided the organizing principle, such that one found this particular codex under the bust of Roman Emperor Nero, on the top shelf, ten volumes over. (Another famous manuscript, containing Beowulf, is called Cotton Vitellius A.xv.) Cotton Nero A.x contains the only versions of the poems we now know as Pearl, Cleanness, Patience, and Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, generally agreed to have been composed sometime in the latter half of the fourteenth century—the time of Piers Plowman and Geoffrey Chaucer, though radically different from either. No one knows who the poet was. No one knows if more than one poet wrote some or all of the poems. Together, they present a stunning array of themes, allegories, and images that critics continue to puzzle over: Patience offers a psychologically complex rendering of the Old Testament story of Jonah and the whale; Cleanness explores its homiletic theme in carnal and spiritual terms with complexity, irony, and even humor; Pearl provides a dream allegory that pushes at the distinction between its earthly and heavenly meanings, challenging the very notion of metaphysical transcendence its form seems to point towards. Finally, Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, the most secular of the poems, is a sophisticated take on Arthurian legend that unfolds like a psychosexual mystery novel, with no easy solution in sight.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;All the poems are rendered in a difficult Middle English dialect and intricate alliterative form, which sometimes involves a complex rhyme scheme as well. As poet-medievalists, we bow before the poetic achievement of the works in Cotton Nero A.x in all their multi-faceted richness. This is not a translation, nor an interpretation. It is what might be called a trace. A response. A homework assignment from beyond the grave, for four students who should have known better. A dream we hope to dream.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Manuscript Cotton Nero A.x takes its designation from the unique cataloging system of seventeenth-century British antiquarian Sir Robert Cotton’s library: busts of historical figures atop shelves provided the organizing principle, such that one found this particular codex under the bust of Roman Emperor Nero, on the top shelf, ten volumes over. (Another famous manuscript, containing Beowulf, is called Cotton Vitellius A.xv.) Cotton Nero A.x contains the only versions of the poems we now know as Pearl, Cleanness, Patience, and Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, generally agreed to have been composed sometime in the latter half of the fourteenth century—the time of Piers Plowman and Geoffrey Chaucer, though radically different from either. No one knows who the poet was. No one knows if more than one poet wrote some or all of the poems. Together, they present a stunning array of themes, allegories, and images that critics continue to puzzle over: Patience offers a psychologically complex rendering of the Old Testament story of Jonah and the whale; Cleanness explores its homiletic theme in carnal and spiritual terms with complexity, irony, and even humor; Pearl provides a dream allegory that pushes at the distinction between its earthly and heavenly meanings, challenging the very notion of metaphysical transcendence its form seems to point towards. Finally, Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, the most secular of the poems, is a sophisticated take on Arthurian legend that unfolds like a psychosexual mystery novel, with no easy solution in sight.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;All the poems are rendered in a difficult Middle English dialect and intricate alliterative form, which sometimes involves a complex rhyme scheme as well. As poet-medievalists, we bow before the poetic achievement of the works in Cotton Nero A.x in all their multi-faceted richness. This is not a translation, nor an interpretation. It is what might be called a trace. A response. A homework assignment from beyond the grave, for four students who should have known better. A dream we hope to dream.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Covert Plants contributes to newly emerging discourses on the implications of vegetal life for the arts and culture. This stretches to changes in our perception of ‘nature’ and to the adapting roles of botany, evolutionary ecology, and environmental aesthetics in the humanities. Its editors and contributors seek various expressions of vegetal life rather than the mere representation of such, and they proceed from the conviction that a rigorous approach to thinking with and through vegetal life must be interdisciplinary. At a time when urgent calls for restorative care and reparative action have been sounded for the environment, this essay volume presents a range of academic and creative perspectives, from evolutionary biology to literary theory, philosophy to poetry, which respond to the perplexing problems and paradoxes of vegetal thinking.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Representations of vegetal life often include plant analogies and plant imagery. These representations have at times obscured the diversity of plant behavior and experience. Covert Plants probes the implications of vegetal life for thought and how new plant science is changing our perception of the vegetal — around us and in us. How can we think, speak, and write about plant life without falling into human-nature dyads, or without tumbling into reductive theoretical notions about the always complex relations between cognition and action, identity and value, subject and object?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;A full view of this shifting perspective requires a ‘stereoscopic’ lens through which to view plants, but also simultaneously to alter our human-centered viewpoint. Plants are no longer the passive object of contemplation, but are increasingly resembling ‘subjects,’ ‘stakeholders,’ or ‘actors.’ As such, the plant now makes unprecedented demands upon the nature of contemplation itself. Moreover, the aesthetic, political, and legal implications of new knowledge regarding plants’ ability to communicate, sense, and learn require intensive, cross-disciplinary investigation. By doing this, we can intervene into current attitudes to climate change and sustainability, and hopefully revise, for the better, human philosophies, ethics, and aesthetics that touch upon plant life.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Covert Plants contributes to newly emerging discourses on the implications of vegetal life for the arts and culture. This stretches to changes in our perception of ‘nature’ and to the adapting roles of botany, evolutionary ecology, and environmental aesthetics in the humanities. Its editors and contributors seek various expressions of vegetal life rather than the mere representation of such, and they proceed from the conviction that a rigorous approach to thinking with and through vegetal life must be interdisciplinary. At a time when urgent calls for restorative care and reparative action have been sounded for the environment, this essay volume presents a range of academic and creative perspectives, from evolutionary biology to literary theory, philosophy to poetry, which respond to the perplexing problems and paradoxes of vegetal thinking.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Representations of vegetal life often include plant analogies and plant imagery. These representations have at times obscured the diversity of plant behavior and experience. Covert Plants probes the implications of vegetal life for thought and how new plant science is changing our perception of the vegetal — around us and in us. How can we think, speak, and write about plant life without falling into human-nature dyads, or without tumbling into reductive theoretical notions about the always complex relations between cognition and action, identity and value, subject and object?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;A full view of this shifting perspective requires a ‘stereoscopic’ lens through which to view plants, but also simultaneously to alter our human-centered viewpoint. Plants are no longer the passive object of contemplation, but are increasingly resembling ‘subjects,’ ‘stakeholders,’ or ‘actors.’ As such, the plant now makes unprecedented demands upon the nature of contemplation itself. Moreover, the aesthetic, political, and legal implications of new knowledge regarding plants’ ability to communicate, sense, and learn require intensive, cross-disciplinary investigation. By doing this, we can intervene into current attitudes to climate change and sustainability, and hopefully revise, for the better, human philosophies, ethics, and aesthetics that touch upon plant life.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Covert  Plants:  Vegetal  Consciousness  and  Agency  in  an  Anthro-pocentric  World is an anthology of interdisciplinary essays and creative works, which charts the transformation in the concep-tual and ethical status of plants in an era of changing climates. It presents a range of academic and creative perspectives from evo-lutionary biology to literary theory, from philosophy to poetry, at a time when a call for restorative care and reparative action has been sounded for the environment. The anthology contributes to the emerging field of Critical Plant Studies, at the crossover of plants and philosophy,1 literature,2 and arts,3 with a focus on the non-human components of our world.4 The essays in this anthology  engage  with  new  discoveries  in  plant  science  and evaluate how these changes affect the humanities and the arts. Art, literature, and philosophy have the capacity to mediate dif-ficult issues of climate change and present a new perspective on human–plant interactions, just as new plant science transforms these practices and disciplines.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Covert  Plants:  Vegetal  Consciousness  and  Agency  in  an  Anthro-pocentric  World is an anthology of interdisciplinary essays and creative works, which charts the transformation in the concep-tual and ethical status of plants in an era of changing climates. It presents a range of academic and creative perspectives from evo-lutionary biology to literary theory, from philosophy to poetry, at a time when a call for restorative care and reparative action has been sounded for the environment. The anthology contributes to the emerging field of Critical Plant Studies, at the crossover of plants and philosophy,1 literature,2 and arts,3 with a focus on the non-human components of our world.4 The essays in this anthology  engage  with  new  discoveries  in  plant  science  and evaluate how these changes affect the humanities and the arts. Art, literature, and philosophy have the capacity to mediate dif-ficult issues of climate change and present a new perspective on human–plant interactions, just as new plant science transforms these practices and disciplines.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;PG: There are plant artists around the world who are using the eco-transmissions of roots or leaves to create sound artworks. Other plant artists unground natural species from the earth and bring them into the gallery space or create experiences that dis-rupt or intervene with an ecological state. These bodies of work develop  from  the  history  of  botanical  illustration,  gardening, bonsai care, and other art-aesthetic preoccupations, even land art.  However,  contemporary  plant  art  consistently  highlights eco-ethics, those moral questions of how to relate to plants. New information in plant science informs our understanding of sta-tus and ethics, as you expound in your books. These ideas are being taken up by artists and presented as a means of advocacy as well as a continued creative representation. Can you respond to this new realm of representation, as both a conceptual artistic interpretation but also as a way of ‘speaking for’ plants?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;PG: There are plant artists around the world who are using the eco-transmissions of roots or leaves to create sound artworks. Other plant artists unground natural species from the earth and bring them into the gallery space or create experiences that dis-rupt or intervene with an ecological state. These bodies of work develop  from  the  history  of  botanical  illustration,  gardening, bonsai care, and other art-aesthetic preoccupations, even land art.  However,  contemporary  plant  art  consistently  highlights eco-ethics, those moral questions of how to relate to plants. New information in plant science informs our understanding of sta-tus and ethics, as you expound in your books. These ideas are being taken up by artists and presented as a means of advocacy as well as a continued creative representation. Can you respond to this new realm of representation, as both a conceptual artistic interpretation but also as a way of ‘speaking for’ plants?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;fter talking to the Goolarabooloo people for a few years now, and thinking a bit about what they might mean by ‘living coun-try’ in the West Kimberley region of Australia, I want to venture the idea that they understand life as networked and sustained among  humans  and  non-humans.  This  idea,  which  is  hardly surprising among students of ecology today — who are push-ing back against the ancient Judeo-Christian concept of man’s dominion over nature — turns out it may be more than just an idea in Indigenous Australian cosmologies. It may well be struc-tural; built into what we used to call ‘cultural’ practices like cer-emonies, but now search for a new name for, because they are more-than-cultural precisely because they mix up ‘cultural’ and ‘natural’ things. While each animal, tree and water source strives to persist in its own way, engendering its filiations, it is also a nec-essary mutually sustaining part of the heterogeneous network. Humans are not exceptional in this, because, like the others, they are ‘reproductive beings.’1 Living country is a whole network reproducing itself, and when the human communities organise to sing the country, to vitalise it and make it ‘stand up,’ they are performing what anthropologists call ‘increase ceremonies’ for animals or plants. And why not think of initiations of boys also as kinds of ‘increase’?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;fter talking to the Goolarabooloo people for a few years now, and thinking a bit about what they might mean by ‘living coun-try’ in the West Kimberley region of Australia, I want to venture the idea that they understand life as networked and sustained among  humans  and  non-humans.  This  idea,  which  is  hardly surprising among students of ecology today — who are push-ing back against the ancient Judeo-Christian concept of man’s dominion over nature — turns out it may be more than just an idea in Indigenous Australian cosmologies. It may well be struc-tural; built into what we used to call ‘cultural’ practices like cer-emonies, but now search for a new name for, because they are more-than-cultural precisely because they mix up ‘cultural’ and ‘natural’ things. While each animal, tree and water source strives to persist in its own way, engendering its filiations, it is also a nec-essary mutually sustaining part of the heterogeneous network. Humans are not exceptional in this, because, like the others, they are ‘reproductive beings.’1 Living country is a whole network reproducing itself, and when the human communities organise to sing the country, to vitalise it and make it ‘stand up,’ they are performing what anthropologists call ‘increase ceremonies’ for animals or plants. And why not think of initiations of boys also as kinds of ‘increase’?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Do I dare love you, here, amongst the vines that climb along the limbs of trees that twine about your thighs, alive with twisting desire in my fingers travelling down your skin, legs exposed like stripped saplings in the sununtil your feet are bared, planted in the earthamongst the roots whose path I trace through the loam, to erupt from the grassthe gnarled arch I have yearned to touch&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Do I dare love you, here, amongst the vines that climb along the limbs of trees that twine about your thighs, alive with twisting desire in my fingers travelling down your skin, legs exposed like stripped saplings in the sununtil your feet are bared, planted in the earthamongst the roots whose path I trace through the loam, to erupt from the grassthe gnarled arch I have yearned to touch&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">An Ear to the Ground</TitleText>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In late 2015, I was given the opportunity to be part of a song jour-ney of sorts, led by a group of song custodians who were active in passing on the tradition to young people from the commu-nity. The location of this particular song site is a secret, the area is not marked on any map and the entrance to the site itself is kept under lock and key. The topographical features of the site are unique in the area — a profusion of white sand surrounded by sharp rocky outcrops that gives the space a cathedral like appear-ance, and remarkably vibrant acoustics. Due to mining activities, trespass, and clandestine land sales in and around the site, it is extremely vulnerable to intrusion, which is why I take great pains to protect the location of the site and the identity of the people. It was here, a thousand kilometers from the nearest city, that I encountered a particularly vibrant tree, a tree that made me want to understand if and how a tree may listen and respond to situ-ated bodies.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In late 2015, I was given the opportunity to be part of a song jour-ney of sorts, led by a group of song custodians who were active in passing on the tradition to young people from the commu-nity. The location of this particular song site is a secret, the area is not marked on any map and the entrance to the site itself is kept under lock and key. The topographical features of the site are unique in the area — a profusion of white sand surrounded by sharp rocky outcrops that gives the space a cathedral like appear-ance, and remarkably vibrant acoustics. Due to mining activities, trespass, and clandestine land sales in and around the site, it is extremely vulnerable to intrusion, which is why I take great pains to protect the location of the site and the identity of the people. It was here, a thousand kilometers from the nearest city, that I encountered a particularly vibrant tree, a tree that made me want to understand if and how a tree may listen and respond to situ-ated bodies.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Gardening / Grasshopper in a Field</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Luke Fischer</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>University of Sydney</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;I press my blue thumb into silence —shoots quickly spread to the left and right.A melody unfurls its fronds and I understand why the violin’s neck is curled.Chord clusters in the Chopin nocturne blossom into purple umbels then vanish into night. An arpeggio climbs the living room walls while a trill showers wisteria petals as if I’d just been wed.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;I press my blue thumb into silence —shoots quickly spread to the left and right.A melody unfurls its fronds and I understand why the violin’s neck is curled.Chord clusters in the Chopin nocturne blossom into purple umbels then vanish into night. An arpeggio climbs the living room walls while a trill showers wisteria petals as if I’d just been wed.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Spores from Space</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Becoming the Alien</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Tessa Laird</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>University of Melbourne</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The  masterpiece  of  pseudo-science, The Secret Life of Plants (1973), tells you everything you ever needed to know about plants, but were afraid to ask. Writers Christopher Bird and Peter Tomp-kins might have had former lives as a science journalist and a war correspondent, respectively, but by the time they publish  The  Secret Life (or SLOP, as I shall affectionately refer to it), it is clear they have partaken in some serious communion with the vegetal mind. SLOP is filled with telepathy and telekinesis, electric veg-etables and flashing flowers, hypersensitive mimosas and unde-monstrative radishes. Houseplants can sense their owners’ plea-sures and pains and, with the right gadgetry, can testify against murderers, or open garage doors. Bird and Tompkins’s agenda is clear: to convince humanity it is really plants that are the earth’s superbeings. Plants can grow as tall as pyramids, predict cyclones, and, most spectacularly, engage in intergalactic conversation.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The  masterpiece  of  pseudo-science, The Secret Life of Plants (1973), tells you everything you ever needed to know about plants, but were afraid to ask. Writers Christopher Bird and Peter Tomp-kins might have had former lives as a science journalist and a war correspondent, respectively, but by the time they publish  The  Secret Life (or SLOP, as I shall affectionately refer to it), it is clear they have partaken in some serious communion with the vegetal mind. SLOP is filled with telepathy and telekinesis, electric veg-etables and flashing flowers, hypersensitive mimosas and unde-monstrative radishes. Houseplants can sense their owners’ plea-sures and pains and, with the right gadgetry, can testify against murderers, or open garage doors. Bird and Tompkins’s agenda is clear: to convince humanity it is really plants that are the earth’s superbeings. Plants can grow as tall as pyramids, predict cyclones, and, most spectacularly, engage in intergalactic conversation.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Laird, Tessa</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Brain Trees</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Neuroscientific Metaphor and Botanical Thought</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Baylee Brits</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Our understanding of the brain is bound up with our images of plants. One of the dominant metaphors for the way the brain works is the tree. If we reduce a tree to its most basic carica-ture — the sphere on the top of the trunk — we have an echo not only of the brain and the brain stem, but of the neuron and its branching dendrites and extensive axon as well. In addition to this broad structure of stem and efflorescence, this visual meta-phor capitalises on the bloom of synaptic connections, redolent of the thinning and multiplying of twigs from branches. These metaphors of the brain become all the more significant given re-cent developments in the inverse field, as new work in plant sci-ence is changing the way we think about vegetation and thought. Studies of plant behaviour now suggest that plants engage in processes of what we might call thinking and learning, even if this thought does not exactly resemble the sort of conscious ra-tionality that vastly overdetermines our ideas about what the hu-man brain primarily does. While the brain is often envisaged as a tree, this metaphoric exchange has only ever gone one way: it re-mains anathema to associate plants with brains in anything more than an illustrative sense. Although the neurological armoury of images seems to be phytological — and phytology is now deploy-ing the concepts once unique to brain science — any exchange between the two is often rendered trivial, as if images and names existed in the realm of conceptual small change. Here I consider the way that current key popular texts in neurology deploy the metaphor of the plant, in particular the tree, and explore the ways that this metaphor works to both stabilise and ‘extinguish’ its object. I consider the way that the ‘tree’ is simultaneously a material and immaterial metaphor, an embodiment of both neu-ral object and function. This curious mode of metaphor, which I will associate with Paul de Man’s definition of ‘formal allegory,’ actually models the cognitive processes that it seeks to describe.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Our understanding of the brain is bound up with our images of plants. One of the dominant metaphors for the way the brain works is the tree. If we reduce a tree to its most basic carica-ture — the sphere on the top of the trunk — we have an echo not only of the brain and the brain stem, but of the neuron and its branching dendrites and extensive axon as well. In addition to this broad structure of stem and efflorescence, this visual meta-phor capitalises on the bloom of synaptic connections, redolent of the thinning and multiplying of twigs from branches. These metaphors of the brain become all the more significant given re-cent developments in the inverse field, as new work in plant sci-ence is changing the way we think about vegetation and thought. Studies of plant behaviour now suggest that plants engage in processes of what we might call thinking and learning, even if this thought does not exactly resemble the sort of conscious ra-tionality that vastly overdetermines our ideas about what the hu-man brain primarily does. While the brain is often envisaged as a tree, this metaphoric exchange has only ever gone one way: it re-mains anathema to associate plants with brains in anything more than an illustrative sense. Although the neurological armoury of images seems to be phytological — and phytology is now deploy-ing the concepts once unique to brain science — any exchange between the two is often rendered trivial, as if images and names existed in the realm of conceptual small change. Here I consider the way that current key popular texts in neurology deploy the metaphor of the plant, in particular the tree, and explore the ways that this metaphor works to both stabilise and ‘extinguish’ its object. I consider the way that the ‘tree’ is simultaneously a material and immaterial metaphor, an embodiment of both neu-ral object and function. This curious mode of metaphor, which I will associate with Paul de Man’s definition of ‘formal allegory,’ actually models the cognitive processes that it seeks to describe.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Brits, Baylee</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Metaphoric Plants</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Goethe's Metamorphosis of Plants and the Metaphors of Reason</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Dalia Nassar</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Philosophers have long appealed to various metaphors or images to describe, elucidate, or explicate reason and its place in the uni-verse. These metaphors usually came from the natural world, and more often than not, they involved trees. Porphyry’s tree might be the most well-known example of a philosopher invoking the metaphor of the plant in order to elucidate the structure of the world and the place of reason within it, but it was by no means the only. In his Principles of Philosophy (1644), René Descartes uses the metaphor of a tree to explicate his understanding of the various sciences and of the place of philosophy (as metaphysics) within his system: ‘The roots are metaphysics, the trunk is phys-ics, and the branches emerging from the trunk are all the other sciences, which may be reduced to three principal ones, namely medicine, mechanics and morals.’1 These metaphors provided (and continue to provide) significant means by which to articu-late fundamental philosophical ideas. Porphyry’s and Descartes’ images express unity, on the one hand, and hierarchy, on the other. While Descartes’ metaphor implies that reason furnishes the foundation of reality, Porphyry’s regards reason (the highest branch of the tree) as the most complex manifestation of what is already present in other parts of the natural world (in other branches of the tree). By contrast, Leibniz’s image of reason as a seed ‘implanted’ in the mind by God — an image invoked to explicate the notion of innate ideas — carries a different implica-tion: human reason is eternal, independent from the ephemeral world of the senses.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Philosophers have long appealed to various metaphors or images to describe, elucidate, or explicate reason and its place in the uni-verse. These metaphors usually came from the natural world, and more often than not, they involved trees. Porphyry’s tree might be the most well-known example of a philosopher invoking the metaphor of the plant in order to elucidate the structure of the world and the place of reason within it, but it was by no means the only. In his Principles of Philosophy (1644), René Descartes uses the metaphor of a tree to explicate his understanding of the various sciences and of the place of philosophy (as metaphysics) within his system: ‘The roots are metaphysics, the trunk is phys-ics, and the branches emerging from the trunk are all the other sciences, which may be reduced to three principal ones, namely medicine, mechanics and morals.’1 These metaphors provided (and continue to provide) significant means by which to articu-late fundamental philosophical ideas. Porphyry’s and Descartes’ images express unity, on the one hand, and hierarchy, on the other. While Descartes’ metaphor implies that reason furnishes the foundation of reality, Porphyry’s regards reason (the highest branch of the tree) as the most complex manifestation of what is already present in other parts of the natural world (in other branches of the tree). By contrast, Leibniz’s image of reason as a seed ‘implanted’ in the mind by God — an image invoked to explicate the notion of innate ideas — carries a different implica-tion: human reason is eternal, independent from the ephemeral world of the senses.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <PersonName>Nassar, Dalia </PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Icaro / Heyowicinayo</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Tamryn Bennett</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Icaro            caapi, cipó yagé, yajénatem, shori aya spirit vine    icarosin grandmother tonguecantos de medicina liana chanting&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Icaro            caapi, cipó yagé, yajénatem, shori aya spirit vine    icarosin grandmother tonguecantos de medicina liana chanting&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <PersonName>Bennett, Tamryn</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Continuous Green Abstraction</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Embodied Knowledge, Intuition, and Metaphor</Subtitle>
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            <Affiliation>Leuphana University of Lüneburg</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Is there a relation between de-centralizing forms of thought in the various research programs of the cognitive sciences and the democratization of thought across species in philosophy? Or, put otherwise, do the forms of thought articulated in human cognition (reason, imagination, intuition, etc.) map in any ad-equate way onto embodiment across numerous species in terms of how such species cognitively function, as well as how they rely upon physical embodiment to think? And, lastly, do the various theories of 4E Cognition (embodied, enacted, embedded, and extended) clarify or needlessly complicate this?While it critiques of classical cognitive models often go hand in hand with critiques of epistemology, or human-centered ways of knowing, such projects seem to over-rely on a  metaphorical  disjunction, which itself is not anti-epistemological but embed-ded within both the embodied modes of cognition and more dis-embodied transcendental accounts. This is particularly evident in recent works that have attempted to argue for the presence of thinking in so called ‘lower lifeforms,’ while at the same time in-voking, and capitalizing on, highly abstract concepts taken from philosophers such as C.S. Peirce (a thinker who is anything but anti-epistemological).&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Is there a relation between de-centralizing forms of thought in the various research programs of the cognitive sciences and the democratization of thought across species in philosophy? Or, put otherwise, do the forms of thought articulated in human cognition (reason, imagination, intuition, etc.) map in any ad-equate way onto embodiment across numerous species in terms of how such species cognitively function, as well as how they rely upon physical embodiment to think? And, lastly, do the various theories of 4E Cognition (embodied, enacted, embedded, and extended) clarify or needlessly complicate this?While it critiques of classical cognitive models often go hand in hand with critiques of epistemology, or human-centered ways of knowing, such projects seem to over-rely on a  metaphorical  disjunction, which itself is not anti-epistemological but embed-ded within both the embodied modes of cognition and more dis-embodied transcendental accounts. This is particularly evident in recent works that have attempted to argue for the presence of thinking in so called ‘lower lifeforms,’ while at the same time in-voking, and capitalizing on, highly abstract concepts taken from philosophers such as C.S. Peirce (a thinker who is anything but anti-epistemological).&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Figures</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Lisa Dowdall</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Lisa</NamesBeforeKey>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Call it the Chthulucene: this threshold at the edge of the present in which the monstrous, the chthonic, the tentacular, the horrif-ic, and the weird abound. How to write the Chthulucene? Why not start here in the speculative mode that touches on the hid-den, but cannot quite name it — that recovers terror and strange-ness in the sym-poietic cascade of crisis and becoming.Science  fiction.  Fantasy.  Slipstream.  Cli-fi.  Horror.  New Weird. Such stories estrange the world, rendering it and its agents both  immediate  and  uncanny  in  that  immediacy.  From  John Wyndham’s triffids to Jeff Vandermeer’s Southern Reach1 and El-len van Neerven’s plant people2 — weird stories that reimagine the interactions between plants and humans in the Chthulucene offer new ways of thinking, or, as Vandermeer claims, feeling, in rapidly changing and multi-species worlds.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Call it the Chthulucene: this threshold at the edge of the present in which the monstrous, the chthonic, the tentacular, the horrif-ic, and the weird abound. How to write the Chthulucene? Why not start here in the speculative mode that touches on the hid-den, but cannot quite name it — that recovers terror and strange-ness in the sym-poietic cascade of crisis and becoming.Science  fiction.  Fantasy.  Slipstream.  Cli-fi.  Horror.  New Weird. Such stories estrange the world, rendering it and its agents both  immediate  and  uncanny  in  that  immediacy.  From  John Wyndham’s triffids to Jeff Vandermeer’s Southern Reach1 and El-len van Neerven’s plant people2 — weird stories that reimagine the interactions between plants and humans in the Chthulucene offer new ways of thinking, or, as Vandermeer claims, feeling, in rapidly changing and multi-species worlds.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <PersonName>Dowdall, Lisa </PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">The Colour Green</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Prudence Gibson</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>University of New South Wales</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Human representations of nature, as green, are prolific. The his-tory of the colour — as pigments mixed by artists, as iconic sculp-tural motifs of green figures, as environmental politics and as more recent philosophies of plant life — has influenced a battle between conventions of nature’s expression and changing per-ceptions of the vegetal world. This chapter addresses the colour green as an aesthetic, cultural, and political tool.Living cells, capable of performing photosynthesis, first ap-peared  on  earth  more  than  three  and  half  billion  years  ago.2Plant life was later charted in the creationist doctrine as the earth sprouted vegetation on the third day, when plants yielded seeds and trees bore fruit...and God thought it was good.3 Conversely, Derek Jarman writes of the Garden of Eden (and of Adam and Eve’s eviction from it, post apple-eating) and recalls the angry Adam hacking down the Tree of Knowledge to build the first house.4 Such terrible irony: as the utopian garden was lost and with that first tree slaughtered by man’s hand, as Jarman believed, we began our environmental demise. Climate change is biting at our heels, and all mythic and philosophical stories of ‘green’ can now be seen with the eco-eyes of hindsight and reclaimed as a vibrant slice of the colour wheel.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Human representations of nature, as green, are prolific. The his-tory of the colour — as pigments mixed by artists, as iconic sculp-tural motifs of green figures, as environmental politics and as more recent philosophies of plant life — has influenced a battle between conventions of nature’s expression and changing per-ceptions of the vegetal world. This chapter addresses the colour green as an aesthetic, cultural, and political tool.Living cells, capable of performing photosynthesis, first ap-peared  on  earth  more  than  three  and  half  billion  years  ago.2Plant life was later charted in the creationist doctrine as the earth sprouted vegetation on the third day, when plants yielded seeds and trees bore fruit...and God thought it was good.3 Conversely, Derek Jarman writes of the Garden of Eden (and of Adam and Eve’s eviction from it, post apple-eating) and recalls the angry Adam hacking down the Tree of Knowledge to build the first house.4 Such terrible irony: as the utopian garden was lost and with that first tree slaughtered by man’s hand, as Jarman believed, we began our environmental demise. Climate change is biting at our heels, and all mythic and philosophical stories of ‘green’ can now be seen with the eco-eyes of hindsight and reclaimed as a vibrant slice of the colour wheel.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <PersonName>Gibson, Prudence </PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Persons as Plants</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Ecopsychology and the Return to the Dream of Nature</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Monica Gagliano</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>University of Western Australia</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;With  the  provocative  title Plants as Persons, Matthew  Hall’s brainchild had stirred up an exciting discourse on the perception and the action of people towards plants, and more generally, Na-ture. In sharing my excitement over this book with a friend, I was asked whether the word persons is ‘proper English’ and whether it is even reasonable to equate plants to people.2 So let this essay be the journey that starts there, at the origin and significance of this word; a journey that weaves its way through the powerful threads of Silverstein’s storytelling3 to nurse the Western rational mind from the bigoted Aristotelian idea of the inferior nature of plants to the timeless and soul-full reality of plants as teachers experienced by indigenous healers and shamans across the globe. And from the world of shamans, so beautifully embroidered with magic and deep truths, let this journey bring us back to the scientific world of the Western mind, but with a new much-needed perception of what humans call ‘Nature.’ And just like in T.S. Eliot’s poem ‘Little Gidding,’ let this be a journey that ulti-mately returns us to the place from where we started, but which we now truly know for the first time.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;With  the  provocative  title Plants as Persons, Matthew  Hall’s brainchild had stirred up an exciting discourse on the perception and the action of people towards plants, and more generally, Na-ture. In sharing my excitement over this book with a friend, I was asked whether the word persons is ‘proper English’ and whether it is even reasonable to equate plants to people.2 So let this essay be the journey that starts there, at the origin and significance of this word; a journey that weaves its way through the powerful threads of Silverstein’s storytelling3 to nurse the Western rational mind from the bigoted Aristotelian idea of the inferior nature of plants to the timeless and soul-full reality of plants as teachers experienced by indigenous healers and shamans across the globe. And from the world of shamans, so beautifully embroidered with magic and deep truths, let this journey bring us back to the scientific world of the Western mind, but with a new much-needed perception of what humans call ‘Nature.’ And just like in T.S. Eliot’s poem ‘Little Gidding,’ let this be a journey that ulti-mately returns us to the place from where we started, but which we now truly know for the first time.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Rooted</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Justin Clemens</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>University of Melbourne</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The Greek for tree is dendron, Dendrites neurons’ branched projections Sparking to soma. The phrenology Of diaphragms spores the hidden lights Of twinned breath, the dendritic cells Bifurcating to bans of the bond Between adaptive and innate.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The Greek for tree is dendron, Dendrites neurons’ branched projections Sparking to soma. The phrenology Of diaphragms spores the hidden lights Of twinned breath, the dendritic cells Bifurcating to bans of the bond Between adaptive and innate.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Agricultural Inventiveness</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Beyond Environmental Management?</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Lucas Ihlein</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>University of Wollongong</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In 2014, I began working on a collaborative art project called Sug-ar vs the Reef? The project came about following an invitation from John Sweet, a retired farmer and active community worker in the Queensland town of Mackay. Sweet’s hunch was that the involvement of artists in a complex environmental management problem might help to catalyse positive transformations in the sugar cane industry, which is often accused of polluting the pris-tine waters of the Great Barrier Reef with agricultural run-off.1This chapter is based on some of the early field research for Sugar vs the Reef? and my task is to present the inventiveness of three change agents: two human and one non-human. The first is Si-mon Mattsson, a sugar cane farmer in Mackay, and a founder of Central Queensland Soil Health Systems (CQSHS). The second is Allan Yeomans, director of the Yeomans Plow Company on the Gold Coast and inventor of the Yeomans Carbon Still: a de-vice for measuring carbon sequestration in soil. The third change agent has been around for millennia: the humble plant — specifi-cally grass — and the complex soil community of which grasses are an integral member. While presenting the inventiveness of these three change agents together here, I also want to point to some of the factors that have thus far inhibited the broader up-take of their inventions. I do so in the hope that identifying such barriers might be a small positive step beyond the paternalistic discourse of environmental management, and towards the for-mation of more dynamic relations in social and ecological sys-tems between humans and plants.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In 2014, I began working on a collaborative art project called Sug-ar vs the Reef? The project came about following an invitation from John Sweet, a retired farmer and active community worker in the Queensland town of Mackay. Sweet’s hunch was that the involvement of artists in a complex environmental management problem might help to catalyse positive transformations in the sugar cane industry, which is often accused of polluting the pris-tine waters of the Great Barrier Reef with agricultural run-off.1This chapter is based on some of the early field research for Sugar vs the Reef? and my task is to present the inventiveness of three change agents: two human and one non-human. The first is Si-mon Mattsson, a sugar cane farmer in Mackay, and a founder of Central Queensland Soil Health Systems (CQSHS). The second is Allan Yeomans, director of the Yeomans Plow Company on the Gold Coast and inventor of the Yeomans Carbon Still: a de-vice for measuring carbon sequestration in soil. The third change agent has been around for millennia: the humble plant — specifi-cally grass — and the complex soil community of which grasses are an integral member. While presenting the inventiveness of these three change agents together here, I also want to point to some of the factors that have thus far inhibited the broader up-take of their inventions. I do so in the hope that identifying such barriers might be a small positive step beyond the paternalistic discourse of environmental management, and towards the for-mation of more dynamic relations in social and ecological sys-tems between humans and plants.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Covert Plants contributes to newly emerging discourses on the implications of vegetal life for the arts and culture. This stretches to changes in our perception of ‘nature’ and to the adapting roles of botany, evolutionary ecology, and environmental aesthetics in the humanities. Its editors and contributors seek various expressions of vegetal life rather than the mere representation of such, and they proceed from the conviction that a rigorous approach to thinking with and through vegetal life must be interdisciplinary. At a time when urgent calls for restorative care and reparative action have been sounded for the environment, this essay volume presents a range of academic and creative perspectives, from evolutionary biology to literary theory, philosophy to poetry, which respond to the perplexing problems and paradoxes of vegetal thinking.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Representations of vegetal life often include plant analogies and plant imagery. These representations have at times obscured the diversity of plant behavior and experience. Covert Plants probes the implications of vegetal life for thought and how new plant science is changing our perception of the vegetal — around us and in us. How can we think, speak, and write about plant life without falling into human-nature dyads, or without tumbling into reductive theoretical notions about the always complex relations between cognition and action, identity and value, subject and object?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;A full view of this shifting perspective requires a ‘stereoscopic’ lens through which to view plants, but also simultaneously to alter our human-centered viewpoint. Plants are no longer the passive object of contemplation, but are increasingly resembling ‘subjects,’ ‘stakeholders,’ or ‘actors.’ As such, the plant now makes unprecedented demands upon the nature of contemplation itself. Moreover, the aesthetic, political, and legal implications of new knowledge regarding plants’ ability to communicate, sense, and learn require intensive, cross-disciplinary investigation. By doing this, we can intervene into current attitudes to climate change and sustainability, and hopefully revise, for the better, human philosophies, ethics, and aesthetics that touch upon plant life.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Covert  Plants:  Vegetal  Consciousness  and  Agency  in  an  Anthro-pocentric  World is an anthology of interdisciplinary essays and creative works, which charts the transformation in the concep-tual and ethical status of plants in an era of changing climates. It presents a range of academic and creative perspectives from evo-lutionary biology to literary theory, from philosophy to poetry, at a time when a call for restorative care and reparative action has been sounded for the environment. The anthology contributes to the emerging field of Critical Plant Studies, at the crossover of plants and philosophy,1 literature,2 and arts,3 with a focus on the non-human components of our world.4 The essays in this anthology  engage  with  new  discoveries  in  plant  science  and evaluate how these changes affect the humanities and the arts. Art, literature, and philosophy have the capacity to mediate dif-ficult issues of climate change and present a new perspective on human–plant interactions, just as new plant science transforms these practices and disciplines.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Covert  Plants:  Vegetal  Consciousness  and  Agency  in  an  Anthro-pocentric  World is an anthology of interdisciplinary essays and creative works, which charts the transformation in the concep-tual and ethical status of plants in an era of changing climates. It presents a range of academic and creative perspectives from evo-lutionary biology to literary theory, from philosophy to poetry, at a time when a call for restorative care and reparative action has been sounded for the environment. The anthology contributes to the emerging field of Critical Plant Studies, at the crossover of plants and philosophy,1 literature,2 and arts,3 with a focus on the non-human components of our world.4 The essays in this anthology  engage  with  new  discoveries  in  plant  science  and evaluate how these changes affect the humanities and the arts. Art, literature, and philosophy have the capacity to mediate dif-ficult issues of climate change and present a new perspective on human–plant interactions, just as new plant science transforms these practices and disciplines.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;PG: There are plant artists around the world who are using the eco-transmissions of roots or leaves to create sound artworks. Other plant artists unground natural species from the earth and bring them into the gallery space or create experiences that dis-rupt or intervene with an ecological state. These bodies of work develop  from  the  history  of  botanical  illustration,  gardening, bonsai care, and other art-aesthetic preoccupations, even land art.  However,  contemporary  plant  art  consistently  highlights eco-ethics, those moral questions of how to relate to plants. New information in plant science informs our understanding of sta-tus and ethics, as you expound in your books. These ideas are being taken up by artists and presented as a means of advocacy as well as a continued creative representation. Can you respond to this new realm of representation, as both a conceptual artistic interpretation but also as a way of ‘speaking for’ plants?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;PG: There are plant artists around the world who are using the eco-transmissions of roots or leaves to create sound artworks. Other plant artists unground natural species from the earth and bring them into the gallery space or create experiences that dis-rupt or intervene with an ecological state. These bodies of work develop  from  the  history  of  botanical  illustration,  gardening, bonsai care, and other art-aesthetic preoccupations, even land art.  However,  contemporary  plant  art  consistently  highlights eco-ethics, those moral questions of how to relate to plants. New information in plant science informs our understanding of sta-tus and ethics, as you expound in your books. These ideas are being taken up by artists and presented as a means of advocacy as well as a continued creative representation. Can you respond to this new realm of representation, as both a conceptual artistic interpretation but also as a way of ‘speaking for’ plants?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;fter talking to the Goolarabooloo people for a few years now, and thinking a bit about what they might mean by ‘living coun-try’ in the West Kimberley region of Australia, I want to venture the idea that they understand life as networked and sustained among  humans  and  non-humans.  This  idea,  which  is  hardly surprising among students of ecology today — who are push-ing back against the ancient Judeo-Christian concept of man’s dominion over nature — turns out it may be more than just an idea in Indigenous Australian cosmologies. It may well be struc-tural; built into what we used to call ‘cultural’ practices like cer-emonies, but now search for a new name for, because they are more-than-cultural precisely because they mix up ‘cultural’ and ‘natural’ things. While each animal, tree and water source strives to persist in its own way, engendering its filiations, it is also a nec-essary mutually sustaining part of the heterogeneous network. Humans are not exceptional in this, because, like the others, they are ‘reproductive beings.’1 Living country is a whole network reproducing itself, and when the human communities organise to sing the country, to vitalise it and make it ‘stand up,’ they are performing what anthropologists call ‘increase ceremonies’ for animals or plants. And why not think of initiations of boys also as kinds of ‘increase’?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;fter talking to the Goolarabooloo people for a few years now, and thinking a bit about what they might mean by ‘living coun-try’ in the West Kimberley region of Australia, I want to venture the idea that they understand life as networked and sustained among  humans  and  non-humans.  This  idea,  which  is  hardly surprising among students of ecology today — who are push-ing back against the ancient Judeo-Christian concept of man’s dominion over nature — turns out it may be more than just an idea in Indigenous Australian cosmologies. It may well be struc-tural; built into what we used to call ‘cultural’ practices like cer-emonies, but now search for a new name for, because they are more-than-cultural precisely because they mix up ‘cultural’ and ‘natural’ things. While each animal, tree and water source strives to persist in its own way, engendering its filiations, it is also a nec-essary mutually sustaining part of the heterogeneous network. Humans are not exceptional in this, because, like the others, they are ‘reproductive beings.’1 Living country is a whole network reproducing itself, and when the human communities organise to sing the country, to vitalise it and make it ‘stand up,’ they are performing what anthropologists call ‘increase ceremonies’ for animals or plants. And why not think of initiations of boys also as kinds of ‘increase’?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Do I dare love you, here, amongst the vines that climb along the limbs of trees that twine about your thighs, alive with twisting desire in my fingers travelling down your skin, legs exposed like stripped saplings in the sununtil your feet are bared, planted in the earthamongst the roots whose path I trace through the loam, to erupt from the grassthe gnarled arch I have yearned to touch&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Do I dare love you, here, amongst the vines that climb along the limbs of trees that twine about your thighs, alive with twisting desire in my fingers travelling down your skin, legs exposed like stripped saplings in the sununtil your feet are bared, planted in the earthamongst the roots whose path I trace through the loam, to erupt from the grassthe gnarled arch I have yearned to touch&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In late 2015, I was given the opportunity to be part of a song jour-ney of sorts, led by a group of song custodians who were active in passing on the tradition to young people from the commu-nity. The location of this particular song site is a secret, the area is not marked on any map and the entrance to the site itself is kept under lock and key. The topographical features of the site are unique in the area — a profusion of white sand surrounded by sharp rocky outcrops that gives the space a cathedral like appear-ance, and remarkably vibrant acoustics. Due to mining activities, trespass, and clandestine land sales in and around the site, it is extremely vulnerable to intrusion, which is why I take great pains to protect the location of the site and the identity of the people. It was here, a thousand kilometers from the nearest city, that I encountered a particularly vibrant tree, a tree that made me want to understand if and how a tree may listen and respond to situ-ated bodies.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In late 2015, I was given the opportunity to be part of a song jour-ney of sorts, led by a group of song custodians who were active in passing on the tradition to young people from the commu-nity. The location of this particular song site is a secret, the area is not marked on any map and the entrance to the site itself is kept under lock and key. The topographical features of the site are unique in the area — a profusion of white sand surrounded by sharp rocky outcrops that gives the space a cathedral like appear-ance, and remarkably vibrant acoustics. Due to mining activities, trespass, and clandestine land sales in and around the site, it is extremely vulnerable to intrusion, which is why I take great pains to protect the location of the site and the identity of the people. It was here, a thousand kilometers from the nearest city, that I encountered a particularly vibrant tree, a tree that made me want to understand if and how a tree may listen and respond to situ-ated bodies.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;I press my blue thumb into silence —shoots quickly spread to the left and right.A melody unfurls its fronds and I understand why the violin’s neck is curled.Chord clusters in the Chopin nocturne blossom into purple umbels then vanish into night. An arpeggio climbs the living room walls while a trill showers wisteria petals as if I’d just been wed.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;I press my blue thumb into silence —shoots quickly spread to the left and right.A melody unfurls its fronds and I understand why the violin’s neck is curled.Chord clusters in the Chopin nocturne blossom into purple umbels then vanish into night. An arpeggio climbs the living room walls while a trill showers wisteria petals as if I’d just been wed.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Spores from Space</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Becoming the Alien</Subtitle>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The  masterpiece  of  pseudo-science, The Secret Life of Plants (1973), tells you everything you ever needed to know about plants, but were afraid to ask. Writers Christopher Bird and Peter Tomp-kins might have had former lives as a science journalist and a war correspondent, respectively, but by the time they publish  The  Secret Life (or SLOP, as I shall affectionately refer to it), it is clear they have partaken in some serious communion with the vegetal mind. SLOP is filled with telepathy and telekinesis, electric veg-etables and flashing flowers, hypersensitive mimosas and unde-monstrative radishes. Houseplants can sense their owners’ plea-sures and pains and, with the right gadgetry, can testify against murderers, or open garage doors. Bird and Tompkins’s agenda is clear: to convince humanity it is really plants that are the earth’s superbeings. Plants can grow as tall as pyramids, predict cyclones, and, most spectacularly, engage in intergalactic conversation.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The  masterpiece  of  pseudo-science, The Secret Life of Plants (1973), tells you everything you ever needed to know about plants, but were afraid to ask. Writers Christopher Bird and Peter Tomp-kins might have had former lives as a science journalist and a war correspondent, respectively, but by the time they publish  The  Secret Life (or SLOP, as I shall affectionately refer to it), it is clear they have partaken in some serious communion with the vegetal mind. SLOP is filled with telepathy and telekinesis, electric veg-etables and flashing flowers, hypersensitive mimosas and unde-monstrative radishes. Houseplants can sense their owners’ plea-sures and pains and, with the right gadgetry, can testify against murderers, or open garage doors. Bird and Tompkins’s agenda is clear: to convince humanity it is really plants that are the earth’s superbeings. Plants can grow as tall as pyramids, predict cyclones, and, most spectacularly, engage in intergalactic conversation.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Brain Trees</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Neuroscientific Metaphor and Botanical Thought</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Baylee Brits</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>University of New South Wales</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Our understanding of the brain is bound up with our images of plants. One of the dominant metaphors for the way the brain works is the tree. If we reduce a tree to its most basic carica-ture — the sphere on the top of the trunk — we have an echo not only of the brain and the brain stem, but of the neuron and its branching dendrites and extensive axon as well. In addition to this broad structure of stem and efflorescence, this visual meta-phor capitalises on the bloom of synaptic connections, redolent of the thinning and multiplying of twigs from branches. These metaphors of the brain become all the more significant given re-cent developments in the inverse field, as new work in plant sci-ence is changing the way we think about vegetation and thought. Studies of plant behaviour now suggest that plants engage in processes of what we might call thinking and learning, even if this thought does not exactly resemble the sort of conscious ra-tionality that vastly overdetermines our ideas about what the hu-man brain primarily does. While the brain is often envisaged as a tree, this metaphoric exchange has only ever gone one way: it re-mains anathema to associate plants with brains in anything more than an illustrative sense. Although the neurological armoury of images seems to be phytological — and phytology is now deploy-ing the concepts once unique to brain science — any exchange between the two is often rendered trivial, as if images and names existed in the realm of conceptual small change. Here I consider the way that current key popular texts in neurology deploy the metaphor of the plant, in particular the tree, and explore the ways that this metaphor works to both stabilise and ‘extinguish’ its object. I consider the way that the ‘tree’ is simultaneously a material and immaterial metaphor, an embodiment of both neu-ral object and function. This curious mode of metaphor, which I will associate with Paul de Man’s definition of ‘formal allegory,’ actually models the cognitive processes that it seeks to describe.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Our understanding of the brain is bound up with our images of plants. One of the dominant metaphors for the way the brain works is the tree. If we reduce a tree to its most basic carica-ture — the sphere on the top of the trunk — we have an echo not only of the brain and the brain stem, but of the neuron and its branching dendrites and extensive axon as well. In addition to this broad structure of stem and efflorescence, this visual meta-phor capitalises on the bloom of synaptic connections, redolent of the thinning and multiplying of twigs from branches. These metaphors of the brain become all the more significant given re-cent developments in the inverse field, as new work in plant sci-ence is changing the way we think about vegetation and thought. Studies of plant behaviour now suggest that plants engage in processes of what we might call thinking and learning, even if this thought does not exactly resemble the sort of conscious ra-tionality that vastly overdetermines our ideas about what the hu-man brain primarily does. While the brain is often envisaged as a tree, this metaphoric exchange has only ever gone one way: it re-mains anathema to associate plants with brains in anything more than an illustrative sense. Although the neurological armoury of images seems to be phytological — and phytology is now deploy-ing the concepts once unique to brain science — any exchange between the two is often rendered trivial, as if images and names existed in the realm of conceptual small change. Here I consider the way that current key popular texts in neurology deploy the metaphor of the plant, in particular the tree, and explore the ways that this metaphor works to both stabilise and ‘extinguish’ its object. I consider the way that the ‘tree’ is simultaneously a material and immaterial metaphor, an embodiment of both neu-ral object and function. This curious mode of metaphor, which I will associate with Paul de Man’s definition of ‘formal allegory,’ actually models the cognitive processes that it seeks to describe.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <PersonName>Brits, Baylee</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Metaphoric Plants</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Goethe's Metamorphosis of Plants and the Metaphors of Reason</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Dalia Nassar</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>University of Sydney</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Philosophers have long appealed to various metaphors or images to describe, elucidate, or explicate reason and its place in the uni-verse. These metaphors usually came from the natural world, and more often than not, they involved trees. Porphyry’s tree might be the most well-known example of a philosopher invoking the metaphor of the plant in order to elucidate the structure of the world and the place of reason within it, but it was by no means the only. In his Principles of Philosophy (1644), René Descartes uses the metaphor of a tree to explicate his understanding of the various sciences and of the place of philosophy (as metaphysics) within his system: ‘The roots are metaphysics, the trunk is phys-ics, and the branches emerging from the trunk are all the other sciences, which may be reduced to three principal ones, namely medicine, mechanics and morals.’1 These metaphors provided (and continue to provide) significant means by which to articu-late fundamental philosophical ideas. Porphyry’s and Descartes’ images express unity, on the one hand, and hierarchy, on the other. While Descartes’ metaphor implies that reason furnishes the foundation of reality, Porphyry’s regards reason (the highest branch of the tree) as the most complex manifestation of what is already present in other parts of the natural world (in other branches of the tree). By contrast, Leibniz’s image of reason as a seed ‘implanted’ in the mind by God — an image invoked to explicate the notion of innate ideas — carries a different implica-tion: human reason is eternal, independent from the ephemeral world of the senses.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Philosophers have long appealed to various metaphors or images to describe, elucidate, or explicate reason and its place in the uni-verse. These metaphors usually came from the natural world, and more often than not, they involved trees. Porphyry’s tree might be the most well-known example of a philosopher invoking the metaphor of the plant in order to elucidate the structure of the world and the place of reason within it, but it was by no means the only. In his Principles of Philosophy (1644), René Descartes uses the metaphor of a tree to explicate his understanding of the various sciences and of the place of philosophy (as metaphysics) within his system: ‘The roots are metaphysics, the trunk is phys-ics, and the branches emerging from the trunk are all the other sciences, which may be reduced to three principal ones, namely medicine, mechanics and morals.’1 These metaphors provided (and continue to provide) significant means by which to articu-late fundamental philosophical ideas. Porphyry’s and Descartes’ images express unity, on the one hand, and hierarchy, on the other. While Descartes’ metaphor implies that reason furnishes the foundation of reality, Porphyry’s regards reason (the highest branch of the tree) as the most complex manifestation of what is already present in other parts of the natural world (in other branches of the tree). By contrast, Leibniz’s image of reason as a seed ‘implanted’ in the mind by God — an image invoked to explicate the notion of innate ideas — carries a different implica-tion: human reason is eternal, independent from the ephemeral world of the senses.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Icaro / Heyowicinayo</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Tamryn Bennett</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Icaro            caapi, cipó yagé, yajénatem, shori aya spirit vine    icarosin grandmother tonguecantos de medicina liana chanting&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Icaro            caapi, cipó yagé, yajénatem, shori aya spirit vine    icarosin grandmother tonguecantos de medicina liana chanting&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Continuous Green Abstraction</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Embodied Knowledge, Intuition, and Metaphor</Subtitle>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Is there a relation between de-centralizing forms of thought in the various research programs of the cognitive sciences and the democratization of thought across species in philosophy? Or, put otherwise, do the forms of thought articulated in human cognition (reason, imagination, intuition, etc.) map in any ad-equate way onto embodiment across numerous species in terms of how such species cognitively function, as well as how they rely upon physical embodiment to think? And, lastly, do the various theories of 4E Cognition (embodied, enacted, embedded, and extended) clarify or needlessly complicate this?While it critiques of classical cognitive models often go hand in hand with critiques of epistemology, or human-centered ways of knowing, such projects seem to over-rely on a  metaphorical  disjunction, which itself is not anti-epistemological but embed-ded within both the embodied modes of cognition and more dis-embodied transcendental accounts. This is particularly evident in recent works that have attempted to argue for the presence of thinking in so called ‘lower lifeforms,’ while at the same time in-voking, and capitalizing on, highly abstract concepts taken from philosophers such as C.S. Peirce (a thinker who is anything but anti-epistemological).&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Is there a relation between de-centralizing forms of thought in the various research programs of the cognitive sciences and the democratization of thought across species in philosophy? Or, put otherwise, do the forms of thought articulated in human cognition (reason, imagination, intuition, etc.) map in any ad-equate way onto embodiment across numerous species in terms of how such species cognitively function, as well as how they rely upon physical embodiment to think? And, lastly, do the various theories of 4E Cognition (embodied, enacted, embedded, and extended) clarify or needlessly complicate this?While it critiques of classical cognitive models often go hand in hand with critiques of epistemology, or human-centered ways of knowing, such projects seem to over-rely on a  metaphorical  disjunction, which itself is not anti-epistemological but embed-ded within both the embodied modes of cognition and more dis-embodied transcendental accounts. This is particularly evident in recent works that have attempted to argue for the presence of thinking in so called ‘lower lifeforms,’ while at the same time in-voking, and capitalizing on, highly abstract concepts taken from philosophers such as C.S. Peirce (a thinker who is anything but anti-epistemological).&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Figures</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Lisa Dowdall</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Call it the Chthulucene: this threshold at the edge of the present in which the monstrous, the chthonic, the tentacular, the horrif-ic, and the weird abound. How to write the Chthulucene? Why not start here in the speculative mode that touches on the hid-den, but cannot quite name it — that recovers terror and strange-ness in the sym-poietic cascade of crisis and becoming.Science  fiction.  Fantasy.  Slipstream.  Cli-fi.  Horror.  New Weird. Such stories estrange the world, rendering it and its agents both  immediate  and  uncanny  in  that  immediacy.  From  John Wyndham’s triffids to Jeff Vandermeer’s Southern Reach1 and El-len van Neerven’s plant people2 — weird stories that reimagine the interactions between plants and humans in the Chthulucene offer new ways of thinking, or, as Vandermeer claims, feeling, in rapidly changing and multi-species worlds.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Call it the Chthulucene: this threshold at the edge of the present in which the monstrous, the chthonic, the tentacular, the horrif-ic, and the weird abound. How to write the Chthulucene? Why not start here in the speculative mode that touches on the hid-den, but cannot quite name it — that recovers terror and strange-ness in the sym-poietic cascade of crisis and becoming.Science  fiction.  Fantasy.  Slipstream.  Cli-fi.  Horror.  New Weird. Such stories estrange the world, rendering it and its agents both  immediate  and  uncanny  in  that  immediacy.  From  John Wyndham’s triffids to Jeff Vandermeer’s Southern Reach1 and El-len van Neerven’s plant people2 — weird stories that reimagine the interactions between plants and humans in the Chthulucene offer new ways of thinking, or, as Vandermeer claims, feeling, in rapidly changing and multi-species worlds.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">The Colour Green</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Prudence Gibson</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Human representations of nature, as green, are prolific. The his-tory of the colour — as pigments mixed by artists, as iconic sculp-tural motifs of green figures, as environmental politics and as more recent philosophies of plant life — has influenced a battle between conventions of nature’s expression and changing per-ceptions of the vegetal world. This chapter addresses the colour green as an aesthetic, cultural, and political tool.Living cells, capable of performing photosynthesis, first ap-peared  on  earth  more  than  three  and  half  billion  years  ago.2Plant life was later charted in the creationist doctrine as the earth sprouted vegetation on the third day, when plants yielded seeds and trees bore fruit...and God thought it was good.3 Conversely, Derek Jarman writes of the Garden of Eden (and of Adam and Eve’s eviction from it, post apple-eating) and recalls the angry Adam hacking down the Tree of Knowledge to build the first house.4 Such terrible irony: as the utopian garden was lost and with that first tree slaughtered by man’s hand, as Jarman believed, we began our environmental demise. Climate change is biting at our heels, and all mythic and philosophical stories of ‘green’ can now be seen with the eco-eyes of hindsight and reclaimed as a vibrant slice of the colour wheel.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Human representations of nature, as green, are prolific. The his-tory of the colour — as pigments mixed by artists, as iconic sculp-tural motifs of green figures, as environmental politics and as more recent philosophies of plant life — has influenced a battle between conventions of nature’s expression and changing per-ceptions of the vegetal world. This chapter addresses the colour green as an aesthetic, cultural, and political tool.Living cells, capable of performing photosynthesis, first ap-peared  on  earth  more  than  three  and  half  billion  years  ago.2Plant life was later charted in the creationist doctrine as the earth sprouted vegetation on the third day, when plants yielded seeds and trees bore fruit...and God thought it was good.3 Conversely, Derek Jarman writes of the Garden of Eden (and of Adam and Eve’s eviction from it, post apple-eating) and recalls the angry Adam hacking down the Tree of Knowledge to build the first house.4 Such terrible irony: as the utopian garden was lost and with that first tree slaughtered by man’s hand, as Jarman believed, we began our environmental demise. Climate change is biting at our heels, and all mythic and philosophical stories of ‘green’ can now be seen with the eco-eyes of hindsight and reclaimed as a vibrant slice of the colour wheel.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Persons as Plants</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Ecopsychology and the Return to the Dream of Nature</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Monica Gagliano</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>University of Western Australia</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;With  the  provocative  title Plants as Persons, Matthew  Hall’s brainchild had stirred up an exciting discourse on the perception and the action of people towards plants, and more generally, Na-ture. In sharing my excitement over this book with a friend, I was asked whether the word persons is ‘proper English’ and whether it is even reasonable to equate plants to people.2 So let this essay be the journey that starts there, at the origin and significance of this word; a journey that weaves its way through the powerful threads of Silverstein’s storytelling3 to nurse the Western rational mind from the bigoted Aristotelian idea of the inferior nature of plants to the timeless and soul-full reality of plants as teachers experienced by indigenous healers and shamans across the globe. And from the world of shamans, so beautifully embroidered with magic and deep truths, let this journey bring us back to the scientific world of the Western mind, but with a new much-needed perception of what humans call ‘Nature.’ And just like in T.S. Eliot’s poem ‘Little Gidding,’ let this be a journey that ulti-mately returns us to the place from where we started, but which we now truly know for the first time.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;With  the  provocative  title Plants as Persons, Matthew  Hall’s brainchild had stirred up an exciting discourse on the perception and the action of people towards plants, and more generally, Na-ture. In sharing my excitement over this book with a friend, I was asked whether the word persons is ‘proper English’ and whether it is even reasonable to equate plants to people.2 So let this essay be the journey that starts there, at the origin and significance of this word; a journey that weaves its way through the powerful threads of Silverstein’s storytelling3 to nurse the Western rational mind from the bigoted Aristotelian idea of the inferior nature of plants to the timeless and soul-full reality of plants as teachers experienced by indigenous healers and shamans across the globe. And from the world of shamans, so beautifully embroidered with magic and deep truths, let this journey bring us back to the scientific world of the Western mind, but with a new much-needed perception of what humans call ‘Nature.’ And just like in T.S. Eliot’s poem ‘Little Gidding,’ let this be a journey that ulti-mately returns us to the place from where we started, but which we now truly know for the first time.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Rooted</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Justin Clemens</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>University of Melbourne</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The Greek for tree is dendron, Dendrites neurons’ branched projections Sparking to soma. The phrenology Of diaphragms spores the hidden lights Of twinned breath, the dendritic cells Bifurcating to bans of the bond Between adaptive and innate.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The Greek for tree is dendron, Dendrites neurons’ branched projections Sparking to soma. The phrenology Of diaphragms spores the hidden lights Of twinned breath, the dendritic cells Bifurcating to bans of the bond Between adaptive and innate.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Agricultural Inventiveness</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Beyond Environmental Management?</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Lucas Ihlein</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In 2014, I began working on a collaborative art project called Sug-ar vs the Reef? The project came about following an invitation from John Sweet, a retired farmer and active community worker in the Queensland town of Mackay. Sweet’s hunch was that the involvement of artists in a complex environmental management problem might help to catalyse positive transformations in the sugar cane industry, which is often accused of polluting the pris-tine waters of the Great Barrier Reef with agricultural run-off.1This chapter is based on some of the early field research for Sugar vs the Reef? and my task is to present the inventiveness of three change agents: two human and one non-human. The first is Si-mon Mattsson, a sugar cane farmer in Mackay, and a founder of Central Queensland Soil Health Systems (CQSHS). The second is Allan Yeomans, director of the Yeomans Plow Company on the Gold Coast and inventor of the Yeomans Carbon Still: a de-vice for measuring carbon sequestration in soil. The third change agent has been around for millennia: the humble plant — specifi-cally grass — and the complex soil community of which grasses are an integral member. While presenting the inventiveness of these three change agents together here, I also want to point to some of the factors that have thus far inhibited the broader up-take of their inventions. I do so in the hope that identifying such barriers might be a small positive step beyond the paternalistic discourse of environmental management, and towards the for-mation of more dynamic relations in social and ecological sys-tems between humans and plants.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In 2014, I began working on a collaborative art project called Sug-ar vs the Reef? The project came about following an invitation from John Sweet, a retired farmer and active community worker in the Queensland town of Mackay. Sweet’s hunch was that the involvement of artists in a complex environmental management problem might help to catalyse positive transformations in the sugar cane industry, which is often accused of polluting the pris-tine waters of the Great Barrier Reef with agricultural run-off.1This chapter is based on some of the early field research for Sugar vs the Reef? and my task is to present the inventiveness of three change agents: two human and one non-human. The first is Si-mon Mattsson, a sugar cane farmer in Mackay, and a founder of Central Queensland Soil Health Systems (CQSHS). The second is Allan Yeomans, director of the Yeomans Plow Company on the Gold Coast and inventor of the Yeomans Carbon Still: a de-vice for measuring carbon sequestration in soil. The third change agent has been around for millennia: the humble plant — specifi-cally grass — and the complex soil community of which grasses are an integral member. While presenting the inventiveness of these three change agents together here, I also want to point to some of the factors that have thus far inhibited the broader up-take of their inventions. I do so in the hope that identifying such barriers might be a small positive step beyond the paternalistic discourse of environmental management, and towards the for-mation of more dynamic relations in social and ecological sys-tems between humans and plants.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Trees and Landlords and Other Public Experiments</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">An Interview with Natalie Jeremijenko</Subtitle>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In 2012, while I was an art medic-in-residence at the Environmen-tal Health Clinic in New York, the director of the Clinic, Nata-lie Jeremijenko, showed me her designs for a co-working office space in a tree. The plans were still in the early stages, but what caught my attention was her articulation of how a tree would be set up as the landlord of the office. The rent people paid for us-ing the co-working space would be put in the service of its own interests, for example to improve soil quality or for companion planting. The TREExOFFICE, as she called it, was to be installed in Socrates Sculpture Park as part of the exhibition Civic Ac-tion — this was the first of many iterations of this intervention. I was curious to talk with Natalie to find out how the project had evolved. What is it like to have a tree as a landlord? How did tenants behave? How can a tree engage a community to serve it’s own and collective interests? How can public experiments, such as TREExOFFICE, help to re-imagine and re-design our re-lationship to natural systems?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In 2012, while I was an art medic-in-residence at the Environmen-tal Health Clinic in New York, the director of the Clinic, Nata-lie Jeremijenko, showed me her designs for a co-working office space in a tree. The plans were still in the early stages, but what caught my attention was her articulation of how a tree would be set up as the landlord of the office. The rent people paid for us-ing the co-working space would be put in the service of its own interests, for example to improve soil quality or for companion planting. The TREExOFFICE, as she called it, was to be installed in Socrates Sculpture Park as part of the exhibition Civic Ac-tion — this was the first of many iterations of this intervention. I was curious to talk with Natalie to find out how the project had evolved. What is it like to have a tree as a landlord? How did tenants behave? How can a tree engage a community to serve it’s own and collective interests? How can public experiments, such as TREExOFFICE, help to re-imagine and re-design our re-lationship to natural systems?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Gardening out of the Anthropocene</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Creating DIfferent Relations between Humans and Edible Plants in Sydney</Subtitle>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;One way to critique the kind of technocratic development sig-nified in the term ‘Anthropocene’, to challenge the problematic anthropocentrism of the concept, and also to maintain a cogent response to the environmental crisis at the same time, is to imag-ine how society could leave a different kind of trace in the fos-sil record. Donna Haraway has called for the Anthropocene, or ‘Capitalocene,’ to be as thin a layer as possible — what stratigra-phers call a “boundary event” rather than an epoch.2 Following her, scholars are trying to theorize what it would mean and what it would take to make a qualitatively different earthen layer.3How to dig ourselves out of this mess? Natasha Myers proposes the idea of the ‘Planthroposcene,’ not as a new epoch per se, but as a new methodology for living with plants.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;One way to critique the kind of technocratic development sig-nified in the term ‘Anthropocene’, to challenge the problematic anthropocentrism of the concept, and also to maintain a cogent response to the environmental crisis at the same time, is to imag-ine how society could leave a different kind of trace in the fos-sil record. Donna Haraway has called for the Anthropocene, or ‘Capitalocene,’ to be as thin a layer as possible — what stratigra-phers call a “boundary event” rather than an epoch.2 Following her, scholars are trying to theorize what it would mean and what it would take to make a qualitatively different earthen layer.3How to dig ourselves out of this mess? Natasha Myers proposes the idea of the ‘Planthroposcene,’ not as a new epoch per se, but as a new methodology for living with plants.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Creeps surround us, seemingly everywhere. People creep up on each other both on the streets and online, with digital technologies vectoring a lot of cyber-stalking. It’s so easy to spy on people that “creep catching” has even become a form of news entertainment in shows such as “To Catch a Predator.” But what defines a creep is so broad that nearly anyone can be a creep at times. Many of us wonder if we ourselves have been creepy, or if perhaps we engage in behavior that, if others knew, would easily earn us the title “creep.” Even Donald Trump, during the raucous 2016 campaign, was called a “creep” on several occasions by various news media.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Indeed, for many of us, the specter of the creep is not just threatening, but exciting – exciting perhaps in the possibility of threat. Yes, we get creeped out. But we are also fascinated by creeps, perhaps in part because we all sense the potential inside ourselves for creepy behavior.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In this provocative and engaging new book, Jonathan Alexander interweaves personal narrative and cultural analyses to explore what it means to be a creep. Calling this work a critical memoir, he draws on his own experiences growing up gay in the deep south, while also interrogating examples from literature and popular film and media, to approach the figure of the creep with some sympathy. Ranging widely over contemporary culture, especially the ever-creeping presence of nearly ubiquitous surveillance, Alexander confesses his own creepiness while also explaining to us what being creepy can show us in turn about our culture. He also resurrects some famous “creeps” from the past, such as J.R. Ackerley, to explore what makes a creep creepy, and how even the best of us succumb at times to being creeps. Ultimately, Alexander argues, a study of creepiness might offer us critical insight into the fundamental perversity of how we live. Creep: A Life, A Theory, an Apology is a timely meditation for our strange and creepy times.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Creeps surround us, seemingly everywhere. People creep up on each other both on the streets and online, with digital technologies vectoring a lot of cyber-stalking. It’s so easy to spy on people that “creep catching” has even become a form of news entertainment in shows such as “To Catch a Predator.” But what defines a creep is so broad that nearly anyone can be a creep at times. Many of us wonder if we ourselves have been creepy, or if perhaps we engage in behavior that, if others knew, would easily earn us the title “creep.” Even Donald Trump, during the raucous 2016 campaign, was called a “creep” on several occasions by various news media.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Indeed, for many of us, the specter of the creep is not just threatening, but exciting – exciting perhaps in the possibility of threat. Yes, we get creeped out. But we are also fascinated by creeps, perhaps in part because we all sense the potential inside ourselves for creepy behavior.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In this provocative and engaging new book, Jonathan Alexander interweaves personal narrative and cultural analyses to explore what it means to be a creep. Calling this work a critical memoir, he draws on his own experiences growing up gay in the deep south, while also interrogating examples from literature and popular film and media, to approach the figure of the creep with some sympathy. Ranging widely over contemporary culture, especially the ever-creeping presence of nearly ubiquitous surveillance, Alexander confesses his own creepiness while also explaining to us what being creepy can show us in turn about our culture. He also resurrects some famous “creeps” from the past, such as J.R. Ackerley, to explore what makes a creep creepy, and how even the best of us succumb at times to being creeps. Ultimately, Alexander argues, a study of creepiness might offer us critical insight into the fundamental perversity of how we live. Creep: A Life, A Theory, an Apology is a timely meditation for our strange and creepy times.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Creeps surround us, seemingly everywhere. People creep up on each other both on the streets and online, with digital technologies vectoring a lot of cyber-stalking. It’s so easy to spy on people that “creep catching” has even become a form of news entertainment in shows such as “To Catch a Predator.” But what defines a creep is so broad that nearly anyone can be a creep at times. Many of us wonder if we ourselves have been creepy, or if perhaps we engage in behavior that, if others knew, would easily earn us the title “creep.” Even Donald Trump, during the raucous 2016 campaign, was called a “creep” on several occasions by various news media.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Indeed, for many of us, the specter of the creep is not just threatening, but exciting – exciting perhaps in the possibility of threat. Yes, we get creeped out. But we are also fascinated by creeps, perhaps in part because we all sense the potential inside ourselves for creepy behavior.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In this provocative and engaging new book, Jonathan Alexander interweaves personal narrative and cultural analyses to explore what it means to be a creep. Calling this work a critical memoir, he draws on his own experiences growing up gay in the deep south, while also interrogating examples from literature and popular film and media, to approach the figure of the creep with some sympathy. Ranging widely over contemporary culture, especially the ever-creeping presence of nearly ubiquitous surveillance, Alexander confesses his own creepiness while also explaining to us what being creepy can show us in turn about our culture. He also resurrects some famous “creeps” from the past, such as J.R. Ackerley, to explore what makes a creep creepy, and how even the best of us succumb at times to being creeps. Ultimately, Alexander argues, a study of creepiness might offer us critical insight into the fundamental perversity of how we live. Creep: A Life, A Theory, an Apology is a timely meditation for our strange and creepy times.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Creeps surround us, seemingly everywhere. People creep up on each other both on the streets and online, with digital technologies vectoring a lot of cyber-stalking. It’s so easy to spy on people that “creep catching” has even become a form of news entertainment in shows such as “To Catch a Predator.” But what defines a creep is so broad that nearly anyone can be a creep at times. Many of us wonder if we ourselves have been creepy, or if perhaps we engage in behavior that, if others knew, would easily earn us the title “creep.” Even Donald Trump, during the raucous 2016 campaign, was called a “creep” on several occasions by various news media.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Indeed, for many of us, the specter of the creep is not just threatening, but exciting – exciting perhaps in the possibility of threat. Yes, we get creeped out. But we are also fascinated by creeps, perhaps in part because we all sense the potential inside ourselves for creepy behavior.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In this provocative and engaging new book, Jonathan Alexander interweaves personal narrative and cultural analyses to explore what it means to be a creep. Calling this work a critical memoir, he draws on his own experiences growing up gay in the deep south, while also interrogating examples from literature and popular film and media, to approach the figure of the creep with some sympathy. Ranging widely over contemporary culture, especially the ever-creeping presence of nearly ubiquitous surveillance, Alexander confesses his own creepiness while also explaining to us what being creepy can show us in turn about our culture. He also resurrects some famous “creeps” from the past, such as J.R. Ackerley, to explore what makes a creep creepy, and how even the best of us succumb at times to being creeps. Ultimately, Alexander argues, a study of creepiness might offer us critical insight into the fundamental perversity of how we live. Creep: A Life, A Theory, an Apology is a timely meditation for our strange and creepy times.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Bringing together perception, ecology, community, lingual value, and quantum life, Imagining What We Don’t Know: Creative Theory and Critical Bodies presents twenty-four essays and theory poems that blend interpretive neologisms — wild dialectics, distributed centrality, membranism, deformance, bioautography, transplace, soft text, and more — with readings of visionary philosophers and the art and writing of Algeria, Australasia, the Caribbean, Oceania, the UK, and the US.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Committed to experimental ideation and relational ethics, Imagining What We Don’t Know is for art and theory practitioners, philosophy rebels, creative writers, and anyone who relishes thinking about contemporary art, transnational and transdisciplinary life, and how we imagine with language. Imagining What We Don’t Know presents a biblio-architecture of “blurprints” built with theories of the embodied mind that are elemental, entangled, and electrified by the political. This is creative theory, hovering with alterities of art and interpretation and imagining with critical attention.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Working from a speculative, more-than-human ontological position, Inefficient Mapping: A Protocol for Attuning to Phenomena presents a new, experimental cartographic practice and non-representational methodological protocol that attunes to the subaltern genealogies of sites and places, proposing a wayfaring practice for traversing the land founded on an ethics of care. As a methodological protocol, inefficient mapping inscribes the histories and politics of a place by gesturally marking affective and relational imprints of colonisation, industrialisation, appropriation, histories, futures, exclusions, privileges, neglect, survival, and persistence.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Inefficient Mapping details a research experiment and is designed to be taken out on mapping expeditions to be referred to, consulted with, and experimented with by those who are familiar or new to mapping. The inefficient mapping protocol described in this book is informed by feminist speculative and immanent theories, including posthuman theories, critical-cultural theories, Indigenous and critical place inquiry, as well as the works of Karen Barad, Erin Manning, Jane Bennett, Maria Puig de la Bellacassa, Elizabeth Povinelli, and Eve Tuck and Marcia McKenzie, which frame how inefficient mapping attunes to the matter, tenses, and ontologies of phenomena and how the interweaving agglomerations of theory, critique, and practice can remain embedded in experimental methodologies.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Working from a speculative, more-than-human ontological position, Inefficient Mapping: A Protocol for Attuning to Phenomena presents a new, experimental cartographic practice and non-representational methodological protocol that attunes to the subaltern genealogies of sites and places, proposing a wayfaring practice for traversing the land founded on an ethics of care. As a methodological protocol, inefficient mapping inscribes the histories and politics of a place by gesturally marking affective and relational imprints of colonisation, industrialisation, appropriation, histories, futures, exclusions, privileges, neglect, survival, and persistence.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Inefficient Mapping details a research experiment and is designed to be taken out on mapping expeditions to be referred to, consulted with, and experimented with by those who are familiar or new to mapping. The inefficient mapping protocol described in this book is informed by feminist speculative and immanent theories, including posthuman theories, critical-cultural theories, Indigenous and critical place inquiry, as well as the works of Karen Barad, Erin Manning, Jane Bennett, Maria Puig de la Bellacassa, Elizabeth Povinelli, and Eve Tuck and Marcia McKenzie, which frame how inefficient mapping attunes to the matter, tenses, and ontologies of phenomena and how the interweaving agglomerations of theory, critique, and practice can remain embedded in experimental methodologies.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Working from a speculative, more-than-human ontological position, Inefficient Mapping: A Protocol for Attuning to Phenomena presents a new, experimental cartographic practice and non-representational methodological protocol that attunes to the subaltern genealogies of sites and places, proposing a wayfaring practice for traversing the land founded on an ethics of care. As a methodological protocol, inefficient mapping inscribes the histories and politics of a place by gesturally marking affective and relational imprints of colonisation, industrialisation, appropriation, histories, futures, exclusions, privileges, neglect, survival, and persistence.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Inefficient Mapping details a research experiment and is designed to be taken out on mapping expeditions to be referred to, consulted with, and experimented with by those who are familiar or new to mapping. The inefficient mapping protocol described in this book is informed by feminist speculative and immanent theories, including posthuman theories, critical-cultural theories, Indigenous and critical place inquiry, as well as the works of Karen Barad, Erin Manning, Jane Bennett, Maria Puig de la Bellacassa, Elizabeth Povinelli, and Eve Tuck and Marcia McKenzie, which frame how inefficient mapping attunes to the matter, tenses, and ontologies of phenomena and how the interweaving agglomerations of theory, critique, and practice can remain embedded in experimental methodologies.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Working from a speculative, more-than-human ontological position, Inefficient Mapping: A Protocol for Attuning to Phenomena presents a new, experimental cartographic practice and non-representational methodological protocol that attunes to the subaltern genealogies of sites and places, proposing a wayfaring practice for traversing the land founded on an ethics of care. As a methodological protocol, inefficient mapping inscribes the histories and politics of a place by gesturally marking affective and relational imprints of colonisation, industrialisation, appropriation, histories, futures, exclusions, privileges, neglect, survival, and persistence.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Inefficient Mapping details a research experiment and is designed to be taken out on mapping expeditions to be referred to, consulted with, and experimented with by those who are familiar or new to mapping. The inefficient mapping protocol described in this book is informed by feminist speculative and immanent theories, including posthuman theories, critical-cultural theories, Indigenous and critical place inquiry, as well as the works of Karen Barad, Erin Manning, Jane Bennett, Maria Puig de la Bellacassa, Elizabeth Povinelli, and Eve Tuck and Marcia McKenzie, which frame how inefficient mapping attunes to the matter, tenses, and ontologies of phenomena and how the interweaving agglomerations of theory, critique, and practice can remain embedded in experimental methodologies.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Gathering into lively conversation scholars in medieval, early modern and object studies, Inhuman Nature explores the activity of the things, forces, and relations that enable, sustain and operate indifferently to us. Enamored by fictions of environmental sovereignty, we too often imagine “human” to be a solitary category of being. This collection of essays maps the heterogeneous and asymmetrical ecologies within which we are enmeshed, a material world that makes the human possible but also offers difficulties and resistance. Among the topics explored are the futurity that inheres in storms and wrecks, wood that resists its burning or offers art and dwelling, hymns that implant themselves like viruses, the ontology of everyday objects, the seep and flow of substance, the resistant nature of matter, the dependence of community upon making things public, and the interstices at which nature and culture become inseparable.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tinker as you will.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Inhuman Nature maps the activity of the things, objects, forces, elements, and relations that enable, sustain and operate indifferently to the category and creature human (with "in-" functioning simultaneously as negative prefix and inclusive preposition, surfacing entanglement even at moments of abjection) Nature signified both the qualities of these inhuman activities and relations, as well as ecological enmeshment. Inhuman is full of affect (a word for cruelty and barbarity, humane feelings failure) as well as neutral designation for excesses of ael(too vast or miniscule for familiarity)&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Inhuman Nature maps the activity of the things, objects, forces, elements, and relations that enable, sustain and operate indifferently to the category and creature human (with "in-" functioning simultaneously as negative prefix and inclusive preposition, surfacing entanglement even at moments of abjection) Nature signified both the qualities of these inhuman activities and relations, as well as ecological enmeshment. Inhuman is full of affect (a word for cruelty and barbarity, humane feelings failure) as well as neutral designation for excesses of ael(too vast or miniscule for familiarity)&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Living inside shipwreck it's what we're doing, admit it or not. One task of art and criticism is teaching us how best to admit it. Even, perhaps, to love it. Three artistic near-disasters, which are also stories about disaster -- James Cameron's film Titanic (1997), Bob Dylan's song "Tempest" (2012), and Thomas Pynchon's novel Inherent Vice (2009) - help the process.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Gathering into lively conversation scholars in medieval, early modern and object studies, Inhuman Nature explores the activity of the things, forces, and relations that enable, sustain and operate indifferently to us. Enamored by fictions of environmental sovereignty, we too often imagine “human” to be a solitary category of being. This collection of essays maps the heterogeneous and asymmetrical ecologies within which we are enmeshed, a material world that makes the human possible but also offers difficulties and resistance. Among the topics explored are the futurity that inheres in storms and wrecks, wood that resists its burning or offers art and dwelling, hymns that implant themselves like viruses, the ontology of everyday objects, the seep and flow of substance, the resistant nature of matter, the dependence of community upon making things public, and the interstices at which nature and culture become inseparable.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tinker as you will.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Inhuman Nature maps the activity of the things, objects, forces, elements, and relations that enable, sustain and operate indifferently to the category and creature human (with "in-" functioning simultaneously as negative prefix and inclusive preposition, surfacing entanglement even at moments of abjection) Nature signified both the qualities of these inhuman activities and relations, as well as ecological enmeshment. Inhuman is full of affect (a word for cruelty and barbarity, humane feelings failure) as well as neutral designation for excesses of ael(too vast or miniscule for familiarity)&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Inhuman Nature maps the activity of the things, objects, forces, elements, and relations that enable, sustain and operate indifferently to the category and creature human (with "in-" functioning simultaneously as negative prefix and inclusive preposition, surfacing entanglement even at moments of abjection) Nature signified both the qualities of these inhuman activities and relations, as well as ecological enmeshment. Inhuman is full of affect (a word for cruelty and barbarity, humane feelings failure) as well as neutral designation for excesses of ael(too vast or miniscule for familiarity)&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Living inside shipwreck it's what we're doing, admit it or not. One task of art and criticism is teaching us how best to admit it. Even, perhaps, to love it. Three artistic near-disasters, which are also stories about disaster -- James Cameron's film Titanic (1997), Bob Dylan's song "Tempest" (2012), and Thomas Pynchon's novel Inherent Vice (2009) - help the process.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Hewn is a status in the ecology of the inhuman, a state of being that is as old as human presence outside of Eden. Its ancient word of origin, "hew," carries an onomatopoeic trace of the effort of cutting down, the blunt force seized by the body to bring down the thing.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;&lt;bold&gt;Marisol Ramos&lt;/bold&gt; is the Subject Librarian for Latin American and Iberian Studies, Spanish &amp; Portuguese, and Selector for Ethnic and Gender Studies at the University of California, Santa Barbara. She has been part of several writing projects, from coauthoring a book about creating an archival program with limited resources to collaborating on several book chapters about access to cultural heritage archives and issues of diversity and inclusion in libraries and archives. Some of her works are the co-authored book, &lt;italic&gt;Building a Successful Archival Programme: A Practical Approach&lt;/italic&gt; (2006), the co-authored book chapter “Puerto Rico’s archival traditions in the context of colonialism,” in &lt;italic&gt;Decolonizing the Caribbean Record: An Archives Reader&lt;/italic&gt; (2018), and “Identity and Inclusion in the Archives: Challenges of Documenting One’s Own Community” in &lt;italic&gt;Through the Archival Looking Glass: A Reader on Diversity and Inclusion&lt;/italic&gt; (2017). Her more recent solo article was, “La visión de la nación puertorriqueña dentro del marco del romanticismo, el cosmopolitismo y la modernidad de Alejandro Tapia y Rivera,” published in &lt;italic&gt;Caribbean Studies&lt;/italic&gt; in 2018.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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        <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;&lt;bold&gt;Manuel Valdés Pizzini&lt;/bold&gt; is a Professor Emeritus from the Department of Anthropology and Sociology at the University of Puerto Rico in Mayagüez (UPRM). He is currently the Coordinator of the Interdisciplinary Center for Coastal Studies (Centro Interdisciplinario de Estudios del Litoral, CIEL) at UPRM. His research focuses on the human-ecosystem interface, with special attention to the use of coastal and marine resources, species, and habitats, underscoring the socio-ecological and historical perspective. Valdés Pizzini is the author and co-author of several articles on Local Ecological Knowledge (LEK), marine protected areas, coastal communities, fisheries, and the history of fishing gear. His research interests also covered the use of tropical forests from an ethnographic and historical perspective. He is the co-author of &lt;italic&gt;People, Habitats, Species, and Governance: An Assessment of the Social-ecological System of La Parguera, Puerto Rico&lt;/italic&gt; (2014, with Michelle T. Schärer-Umpierre), &lt;italic&gt;Una mirada al mundo de los pescadores en Puerto Rico: Una mirada global&lt;/italic&gt; (2011), &lt;italic&gt;La transformación del paisaje puertorriqueño y la disciplina del Cuerpo Civil de Conservación, 1933–1942&lt;/italic&gt; (2011, with Michael González and José Eduardo Martínez), and &lt;italic&gt;Fishers at Work, Workers at Sea&lt;/italic&gt; (2002, with David Griffith).&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Before World War II, most anthropological research in Puerto Rico was led by US anthropologists. The most famous project, &lt;italic&gt;The People of Puerto Rico,&lt;/italic&gt; was directed by American anthropologist Julian Steward and launched the career of renowned scholars such as Sidney Mintz and Eric Wolf. &lt;italic&gt;Gazing at the Puerto Rican Anthropological Landscape&lt;/italic&gt; aims to delineate the development of the post-WWII anthropological field in Puerto Rico by Puerto Rican anthropologists, the so-called “native” anthropologists. The contributors to &lt;italic&gt;Gazing at the Puerto Rican Anthropological Landscape&lt;/italic&gt; deploy the term “native” somewhat ironically, but they also know that who they are affects their positionality vis-à-vis their research subjects. Thus, they retain the term to spark a conversation addressing the complicated feelings that such labels still evoke among non-mainstream anthropologists.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;italic&gt;Gazing at the Puerto Rican Anthropological Landscape&lt;/italic&gt; purposely avoids making Puerto Rico and Puerto Ricans a problem to study and instead focuses on a wide variety of epistemological and methodological questions related to the study of Puerto Rico and Puerto Ricans by “native” anthropologists within local, regional, and global spheres. We posit that the Puerto Rican anthropological landscape transcends the confines of the island of Puerto Rico to encompass its connection and engagement with the larger world, and that it is not limited to the inhabitants of the island of Puerto Rico but embraces members of its diaspora, as well as other groups and ethnicities. On that note, this book seeks to reflect critically on how the academic field of anthropology (research and teaching) in Puerto Rico has evolved, post-WWII, in various engagements with the current debates of contemporary anthropology — theoretical, methodological, socio-cultural, political, and otherwise.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Before World War II, most anthropological research in Puerto Rico was led by US anthropologists. The most famous project, &lt;italic&gt;The People of Puerto Rico,&lt;/italic&gt; was directed by American anthropologist Julian Steward and launched the career of renowned scholars such as Sidney Mintz and Eric Wolf. &lt;italic&gt;Gazing at the Puerto Rican Anthropological Landscape&lt;/italic&gt; aims to delineate the development of the post-WWII anthropological field in Puerto Rico by Puerto Rican anthropologists, the so-called “native” anthropologists. The contributors to &lt;italic&gt;Gazing at the Puerto Rican Anthropological Landscape&lt;/italic&gt; deploy the term “native” somewhat ironically, but they also know that who they are affects their positionality vis-à-vis their research subjects. Thus, they retain the term to spark a conversation addressing the complicated feelings that such labels still evoke among non-mainstream anthropologists.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;italic&gt;Gazing at the Puerto Rican Anthropological Landscape&lt;/italic&gt; purposely avoids making Puerto Rico and Puerto Ricans a problem to study and instead focuses on a wide variety of epistemological and methodological questions related to the study of Puerto Rico and Puerto Ricans by “native” anthropologists within local, regional, and global spheres. We posit that the Puerto Rican anthropological landscape transcends the confines of the island of Puerto Rico to encompass its connection and engagement with the larger world, and that it is not limited to the inhabitants of the island of Puerto Rico but embraces members of its diaspora, as well as other groups and ethnicities. On that note, this book seeks to reflect critically on how the academic field of anthropology (research and teaching) in Puerto Rico has evolved, post-WWII, in various engagements with the current debates of contemporary anthropology — theoretical, methodological, socio-cultural, political, and otherwise.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Ismael García Colón is a Professor of Anthropology at the College of Staten Island and CUNY Graduate Center. He is a historical and political anthropologist with interests in political economy, oral history, migration, Gramsci’s concept of hegemony, farm labor, race and citizenship, the US Empire, and US ethnic and racial histories. His research experiences include documenting Latinxs in the NYC labor movement and conducting ethnographic research on landless workers, migrant farmworkers, colonial state formation, and land distribution programs in Puerto Rico. García Colón is the author of Colonial Migrants at the Heart of Empire: Puerto Rican Workers on US Farms (2020) and Land Reform in Puerto Rico: Modernizing the Colonial State (2009). His publications have also appeared in Latin American Perspectives, CENTRO Journal, American Ethnologist, Latino Studies, and Dialectical Anthropology. García Colón’s current research explores the Puerto Rican experience in US farm labor, its relation to US colonialism and immigration policies, and how government policies and workers formed and transformed modern subjectivities in Puerto Rico.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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        <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;&lt;bold&gt;Manuel Valdés Pizzini&lt;/bold&gt; is a Professor Emeritus from the Department of Anthropology and Sociology at the University of Puerto Rico in Mayagüez (UPRM). He is currently the Coordinator of the Interdisciplinary Center for Coastal Studies (Centro Interdisciplinario de Estudios del Litoral, CIEL) at UPRM. His research focuses on the human-ecosystem interface, with special attention to the use of coastal and marine resources, species, and habitats, underscoring the socio-ecological and historical perspective. Valdés Pizzini is the author and co-author of several articles on Local Ecological Knowledge (LEK), marine protected areas, coastal communities, fisheries, and the history of fishing gear. His research interests also covered the use of tropical forests from an ethnographic and historical perspective. He is the co-author of &lt;italic&gt;People, Habitats, Species, and Governance: An Assessment of the Social-ecological System of La Parguera, Puerto Rico&lt;/italic&gt; (2014, with Michelle T. Schärer-Umpierre), &lt;italic&gt;Una mirada al mundo de los pescadores en Puerto Rico: Una mirada global&lt;/italic&gt; (2011), &lt;italic&gt;La transformación del paisaje puertorriqueño y la disciplina del Cuerpo Civil de Conservación, 1933–1942&lt;/italic&gt; (2011, with Michael González and José Eduardo Martínez), and &lt;italic&gt;Fishers at Work, Workers at Sea&lt;/italic&gt; (2002, with David Griffith).&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Before World War II, most anthropological research in Puerto Rico was led by US anthropologists. The most famous project, &lt;italic&gt;The People of Puerto Rico,&lt;/italic&gt; was directed by American anthropologist Julian Steward and launched the career of renowned scholars such as Sidney Mintz and Eric Wolf. &lt;italic&gt;Gazing at the Puerto Rican Anthropological Landscape&lt;/italic&gt; aims to delineate the development of the post-WWII anthropological field in Puerto Rico by Puerto Rican anthropologists, the so-called “native” anthropologists. The contributors to &lt;italic&gt;Gazing at the Puerto Rican Anthropological Landscape&lt;/italic&gt; deploy the term “native” somewhat ironically, but they also know that who they are affects their positionality vis-à-vis their research subjects. Thus, they retain the term to spark a conversation addressing the complicated feelings that such labels still evoke among non-mainstream anthropologists.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;italic&gt;Gazing at the Puerto Rican Anthropological Landscape&lt;/italic&gt; purposely avoids making Puerto Rico and Puerto Ricans a problem to study and instead focuses on a wide variety of epistemological and methodological questions related to the study of Puerto Rico and Puerto Ricans by “native” anthropologists within local, regional, and global spheres. We posit that the Puerto Rican anthropological landscape transcends the confines of the island of Puerto Rico to encompass its connection and engagement with the larger world, and that it is not limited to the inhabitants of the island of Puerto Rico but embraces members of its diaspora, as well as other groups and ethnicities. On that note, this book seeks to reflect critically on how the academic field of anthropology (research and teaching) in Puerto Rico has evolved, post-WWII, in various engagements with the current debates of contemporary anthropology — theoretical, methodological, socio-cultural, political, and otherwise.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Before World War II, most anthropological research in Puerto Rico was led by US anthropologists. The most famous project, &lt;italic&gt;The People of Puerto Rico,&lt;/italic&gt; was directed by American anthropologist Julian Steward and launched the career of renowned scholars such as Sidney Mintz and Eric Wolf. &lt;italic&gt;Gazing at the Puerto Rican Anthropological Landscape&lt;/italic&gt; aims to delineate the development of the post-WWII anthropological field in Puerto Rico by Puerto Rican anthropologists, the so-called “native” anthropologists. The contributors to &lt;italic&gt;Gazing at the Puerto Rican Anthropological Landscape&lt;/italic&gt; deploy the term “native” somewhat ironically, but they also know that who they are affects their positionality vis-à-vis their research subjects. Thus, they retain the term to spark a conversation addressing the complicated feelings that such labels still evoke among non-mainstream anthropologists.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;italic&gt;Gazing at the Puerto Rican Anthropological Landscape&lt;/italic&gt; purposely avoids making Puerto Rico and Puerto Ricans a problem to study and instead focuses on a wide variety of epistemological and methodological questions related to the study of Puerto Rico and Puerto Ricans by “native” anthropologists within local, regional, and global spheres. We posit that the Puerto Rican anthropological landscape transcends the confines of the island of Puerto Rico to encompass its connection and engagement with the larger world, and that it is not limited to the inhabitants of the island of Puerto Rico but embraces members of its diaspora, as well as other groups and ethnicities. On that note, this book seeks to reflect critically on how the academic field of anthropology (research and teaching) in Puerto Rico has evolved, post-WWII, in various engagements with the current debates of contemporary anthropology — theoretical, methodological, socio-cultural, political, and otherwise.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Ismael García Colón is a Professor of Anthropology at the College of Staten Island and CUNY Graduate Center. He is a historical and political anthropologist with interests in political economy, oral history, migration, Gramsci’s concept of hegemony, farm labor, race and citizenship, the US Empire, and US ethnic and racial histories. His research experiences include documenting Latinxs in the NYC labor movement and conducting ethnographic research on landless workers, migrant farmworkers, colonial state formation, and land distribution programs in Puerto Rico. García Colón is the author of Colonial Migrants at the Heart of Empire: Puerto Rican Workers on US Farms (2020) and Land Reform in Puerto Rico: Modernizing the Colonial State (2009). His publications have also appeared in Latin American Perspectives, CENTRO Journal, American Ethnologist, Latino Studies, and Dialectical Anthropology. García Colón’s current research explores the Puerto Rican experience in US farm labor, its relation to US colonialism and immigration policies, and how government policies and workers formed and transformed modern subjectivities in Puerto Rico.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <TitleText language="eng">Gazing at the Puerto Rican Anthropological Landscape</TitleText>
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        <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;&lt;bold&gt;Marisol Ramos&lt;/bold&gt; is the Subject Librarian for Latin American and Iberian Studies, Spanish &amp; Portuguese, and Selector for Ethnic and Gender Studies at the University of California, Santa Barbara. She has been part of several writing projects, from coauthoring a book about creating an archival program with limited resources to collaborating on several book chapters about access to cultural heritage archives and issues of diversity and inclusion in libraries and archives. Some of her works are the co-authored book, &lt;italic&gt;Building a Successful Archival Programme: A Practical Approach&lt;/italic&gt; (2006), the co-authored book chapter “Puerto Rico’s archival traditions in the context of colonialism,” in &lt;italic&gt;Decolonizing the Caribbean Record: An Archives Reader&lt;/italic&gt; (2018), and “Identity and Inclusion in the Archives: Challenges of Documenting One’s Own Community” in &lt;italic&gt;Through the Archival Looking Glass: A Reader on Diversity and Inclusion&lt;/italic&gt; (2017). Her more recent solo article was, “La visión de la nación puertorriqueña dentro del marco del romanticismo, el cosmopolitismo y la modernidad de Alejandro Tapia y Rivera,” published in &lt;italic&gt;Caribbean Studies&lt;/italic&gt; in 2018.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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        <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;&lt;bold&gt;Manuel Valdés Pizzini&lt;/bold&gt; is a Professor Emeritus from the Department of Anthropology and Sociology at the University of Puerto Rico in Mayagüez (UPRM). He is currently the Coordinator of the Interdisciplinary Center for Coastal Studies (Centro Interdisciplinario de Estudios del Litoral, CIEL) at UPRM. His research focuses on the human-ecosystem interface, with special attention to the use of coastal and marine resources, species, and habitats, underscoring the socio-ecological and historical perspective. Valdés Pizzini is the author and co-author of several articles on Local Ecological Knowledge (LEK), marine protected areas, coastal communities, fisheries, and the history of fishing gear. His research interests also covered the use of tropical forests from an ethnographic and historical perspective. He is the co-author of &lt;italic&gt;People, Habitats, Species, and Governance: An Assessment of the Social-ecological System of La Parguera, Puerto Rico&lt;/italic&gt; (2014, with Michelle T. Schärer-Umpierre), &lt;italic&gt;Una mirada al mundo de los pescadores en Puerto Rico: Una mirada global&lt;/italic&gt; (2011), &lt;italic&gt;La transformación del paisaje puertorriqueño y la disciplina del Cuerpo Civil de Conservación, 1933–1942&lt;/italic&gt; (2011, with Michael González and José Eduardo Martínez), and &lt;italic&gt;Fishers at Work, Workers at Sea&lt;/italic&gt; (2002, with David Griffith).&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Before World War II, most anthropological research in Puerto Rico was led by US anthropologists. The most famous project, &lt;italic&gt;The People of Puerto Rico,&lt;/italic&gt; was directed by American anthropologist Julian Steward and launched the career of renowned scholars such as Sidney Mintz and Eric Wolf. &lt;italic&gt;Gazing at the Puerto Rican Anthropological Landscape&lt;/italic&gt; aims to delineate the development of the post-WWII anthropological field in Puerto Rico by Puerto Rican anthropologists, the so-called “native” anthropologists. The contributors to &lt;italic&gt;Gazing at the Puerto Rican Anthropological Landscape&lt;/italic&gt; deploy the term “native” somewhat ironically, but they also know that who they are affects their positionality vis-à-vis their research subjects. Thus, they retain the term to spark a conversation addressing the complicated feelings that such labels still evoke among non-mainstream anthropologists.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;italic&gt;Gazing at the Puerto Rican Anthropological Landscape&lt;/italic&gt; purposely avoids making Puerto Rico and Puerto Ricans a problem to study and instead focuses on a wide variety of epistemological and methodological questions related to the study of Puerto Rico and Puerto Ricans by “native” anthropologists within local, regional, and global spheres. We posit that the Puerto Rican anthropological landscape transcends the confines of the island of Puerto Rico to encompass its connection and engagement with the larger world, and that it is not limited to the inhabitants of the island of Puerto Rico but embraces members of its diaspora, as well as other groups and ethnicities. On that note, this book seeks to reflect critically on how the academic field of anthropology (research and teaching) in Puerto Rico has evolved, post-WWII, in various engagements with the current debates of contemporary anthropology — theoretical, methodological, socio-cultural, political, and otherwise.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Before World War II, most anthropological research in Puerto Rico was led by US anthropologists. The most famous project, &lt;italic&gt;The People of Puerto Rico,&lt;/italic&gt; was directed by American anthropologist Julian Steward and launched the career of renowned scholars such as Sidney Mintz and Eric Wolf. &lt;italic&gt;Gazing at the Puerto Rican Anthropological Landscape&lt;/italic&gt; aims to delineate the development of the post-WWII anthropological field in Puerto Rico by Puerto Rican anthropologists, the so-called “native” anthropologists. The contributors to &lt;italic&gt;Gazing at the Puerto Rican Anthropological Landscape&lt;/italic&gt; deploy the term “native” somewhat ironically, but they also know that who they are affects their positionality vis-à-vis their research subjects. Thus, they retain the term to spark a conversation addressing the complicated feelings that such labels still evoke among non-mainstream anthropologists.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;italic&gt;Gazing at the Puerto Rican Anthropological Landscape&lt;/italic&gt; purposely avoids making Puerto Rico and Puerto Ricans a problem to study and instead focuses on a wide variety of epistemological and methodological questions related to the study of Puerto Rico and Puerto Ricans by “native” anthropologists within local, regional, and global spheres. We posit that the Puerto Rican anthropological landscape transcends the confines of the island of Puerto Rico to encompass its connection and engagement with the larger world, and that it is not limited to the inhabitants of the island of Puerto Rico but embraces members of its diaspora, as well as other groups and ethnicities. On that note, this book seeks to reflect critically on how the academic field of anthropology (research and teaching) in Puerto Rico has evolved, post-WWII, in various engagements with the current debates of contemporary anthropology — theoretical, methodological, socio-cultural, political, and otherwise.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Ismael García Colón is a Professor of Anthropology at the College of Staten Island and CUNY Graduate Center. He is a historical and political anthropologist with interests in political economy, oral history, migration, Gramsci’s concept of hegemony, farm labor, race and citizenship, the US Empire, and US ethnic and racial histories. His research experiences include documenting Latinxs in the NYC labor movement and conducting ethnographic research on landless workers, migrant farmworkers, colonial state formation, and land distribution programs in Puerto Rico. García Colón is the author of Colonial Migrants at the Heart of Empire: Puerto Rican Workers on US Farms (2020) and Land Reform in Puerto Rico: Modernizing the Colonial State (2009). His publications have also appeared in Latin American Perspectives, CENTRO Journal, American Ethnologist, Latino Studies, and Dialectical Anthropology. García Colón’s current research explores the Puerto Rican experience in US farm labor, its relation to US colonialism and immigration policies, and how government policies and workers formed and transformed modern subjectivities in Puerto Rico.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In 1980, Jacques Derrida published La carte postale: De Socrate à Freud et au-delà. At the occasion of the 30th anniversary of the English translation, Going Postcard: The Letter(s) of Jacques Derrida revisits this seminal work in Derrida’s oeuvre. Derrida himself described The Post Card in his preface as “the remainders of a destroyed correspondence,” stretching from 1977 to 1979. A cryptic text, it is riddled with gaps, word plays, and a meandering analysis of the interface between philosophy and psychoanalysis.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The contributors who offered the fourteen essays gathered in Going Postcard were each provided with a deceptively simple task: to write a gloss to a fragment from the first part of The Post Card, “Envois.” The result is a prismatic array of commentaries, excursions, and interpretations that take Derrida “to the letter.” The different glosses on lemmas such as genre, erasure, telepathy, philately, and sperm transport The Post Card into the twenty-first century and offer a “correspondence,” if fragmentary, with Derrida’s work and the work to come.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In 1980, Jacques Derrida published La carte postale: De Socrate à Freud et au-delà. At the occasion of the 30th anniversary of the English translation, Going Postcard: The Letter(s) of Jacques Derrida revisits this seminal work in Derrida’s oeuvre. Derrida himself described The Post Card in his preface as “the remainders of a destroyed correspondence,” stretching from 1977 to 1979. A cryptic text, it is riddled with gaps, word plays, and a meandering analysis of the interface between philosophy and psychoanalysis.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The contributors who offered the fourteen essays gathered in Going Postcard were each provided with a deceptively simple task: to write a gloss to a fragment from the first part of The Post Card, “Envois.” The result is a prismatic array of commentaries, excursions, and interpretations that take Derrida “to the letter.” The different glosses on lemmas such as genre, erasure, telepathy, philately, and sperm transport The Post Card into the twenty-first century and offer a “correspondence,” if fragmentary, with Derrida’s work and the work to come.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The  Post  Card  invites  glossing  of  all  sorts.  It  is  an  immensely  complex  and  rich  text,  one  of  Derrida’s  most  fascinating  and  challenging. La  carte  postale  is  full  of  specific  historical  and  personal references that will puzzle many readers. Many formu-lations  and  allusions  are  enigmatic  or  counter-intuitive.  They  need  explanatory  glossing.  Derrida  uses  just  about  every  rhe-torical  device  and  figure  of  speech  in  the  book.  You  name  it,  it  is  there  (il  y  a  là):  puns  (calembours),  metaphor,  metonymy,  synecdoche,  catachresis,  apostrophe,  prosopopoeia,  hyperbole,  prolepsis,  analepsis,  ellipsis,  paradox,  aporia,  and  of  course  a  constant  pervasive  destabilizing  irony.  How  can  you  tell  when  this joker is telling the truth or speaking straight, if ever? “Envois,”  moreover,  is  full  of  complex  wordplay  that  is  not  exactly “figurative” in the usual sense. This wordplay is often not easily  translatable  from  French  to  English.  One  tiny  example:  In  the  last  entry  for  February  1979,  Derrida  writes:  “La  séance  continue, tu analyse ça comment? Je parle grammaire, comme toujours,  c’est  un  verbe  ou  un  adjectif ?”  (“La  séance  continue,  how  do  you  analyze  that?  I’m  talking  grammar,  as  always,  is  it  a verb or an adjective?” [PC, 178/193]) Derrida here plays on an untranslatable ambiguity on whether “continue” in the French is verb or an adjective. In the first case, the locution would mean: “The session continues.” In the second, “The continued session.” It makes a lot of difference which way you read it, as a duck or as a rabbit, as in the famous Gestaltist diagram that oscillates un-predictably before the viewer’s eyes between those two animals. The reader (you! [singular]) will note the second person singu-lar pronoun in “tu analyse ça comment?” This is an example of the endless play on the difference between “tu” and “vous” that pervades the “Envois.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The  Post  Card  invites  glossing  of  all  sorts.  It  is  an  immensely  complex  and  rich  text,  one  of  Derrida’s  most  fascinating  and  challenging. La  carte  postale  is  full  of  specific  historical  and  personal references that will puzzle many readers. Many formu-lations  and  allusions  are  enigmatic  or  counter-intuitive.  They  need  explanatory  glossing.  Derrida  uses  just  about  every  rhe-torical  device  and  figure  of  speech  in  the  book.  You  name  it,  it  is  there  (il  y  a  là):  puns  (calembours),  metaphor,  metonymy,  synecdoche,  catachresis,  apostrophe,  prosopopoeia,  hyperbole,  prolepsis,  analepsis,  ellipsis,  paradox,  aporia,  and  of  course  a  constant  pervasive  destabilizing  irony.  How  can  you  tell  when  this joker is telling the truth or speaking straight, if ever? “Envois,”  moreover,  is  full  of  complex  wordplay  that  is  not  exactly “figurative” in the usual sense. This wordplay is often not easily  translatable  from  French  to  English.  One  tiny  example:  In  the  last  entry  for  February  1979,  Derrida  writes:  “La  séance  continue, tu analyse ça comment? Je parle grammaire, comme toujours,  c’est  un  verbe  ou  un  adjectif ?”  (“La  séance  continue,  how  do  you  analyze  that?  I’m  talking  grammar,  as  always,  is  it  a verb or an adjective?” [PC, 178/193]) Derrida here plays on an untranslatable ambiguity on whether “continue” in the French is verb or an adjective. In the first case, the locution would mean: “The session continues.” In the second, “The continued session.” It makes a lot of difference which way you read it, as a duck or as a rabbit, as in the famous Gestaltist diagram that oscillates un-predictably before the viewer’s eyes between those two animals. The reader (you! [singular]) will note the second person singu-lar pronoun in “tu analyse ça comment?” This is an example of the endless play on the difference between “tu” and “vous” that pervades the “Envois.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The reader of The Post Card is surely to be excused for drawing a  blank  from  time  to  time.  It’s  not  easy  going  —  a  Derrida  text  rarely  is  —  and  “To  Speculate  —  on  ‘Freud’”  and  “Le  facteur  de  la vérité” are among Derrida’s most challenging works. But pa-tience and rereading almost always have their rewards when it comes to Derrida. However difficult these essays may be at first glance or at a first reading, they are not impenetrable, as some have  wanted  to  pretend,  and  multiple  readings  almost  always  yield  a  coherent  if  not  convincing  reading  of  Freud  or  Lacan  on themes such as repetition, legacy, language, the unconscious, or  the  relationship  between  psychoanalysis  and  philosophy.  Even if the reader winds up drawing a blank now and again, the goal  nonetheless  remains  and  should  remain  to  interpret  and  to understand, in a word, to gloss — the argument as well as the rhetoric, the organization as well as the themes, everything from the theses that are put forward to the language and terms used to  support  them.  To  arrive  at  a  reading  of  these  works  —  that  should  remain  the  goal  of  every  reader  who  enters  the  ring  or  the  arena  of  interpretation,  every  reader  who  agrees  to  going  postcard.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The reader of The Post Card is surely to be excused for drawing a  blank  from  time  to  time.  It’s  not  easy  going  —  a  Derrida  text  rarely  is  —  and  “To  Speculate  —  on  ‘Freud’”  and  “Le  facteur  de  la vérité” are among Derrida’s most challenging works. But pa-tience and rereading almost always have their rewards when it comes to Derrida. However difficult these essays may be at first glance or at a first reading, they are not impenetrable, as some have  wanted  to  pretend,  and  multiple  readings  almost  always  yield  a  coherent  if  not  convincing  reading  of  Freud  or  Lacan  on themes such as repetition, legacy, language, the unconscious, or  the  relationship  between  psychoanalysis  and  philosophy.  Even if the reader winds up drawing a blank now and again, the goal  nonetheless  remains  and  should  remain  to  interpret  and  to understand, in a word, to gloss — the argument as well as the rhetoric, the organization as well as the themes, everything from the theses that are put forward to the language and terms used to  support  them.  To  arrive  at  a  reading  of  these  works  —  that  should  remain  the  goal  of  every  reader  who  enters  the  ring  or  the  arena  of  interpretation,  every  reader  who  agrees  to  going  postcard.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;There  is  a  line  in  The  Post  Card  that  has  always  bothered  me.  Now, to be clear, I do not hate this line. It does not keep me up at  night.  I  do  not  have  to  suppress  the  urge  to  burn  the  book  every  time  I  read  it.  But  I  have  never  understood  its  phrasing  or placement. It is, for me, in tension with the constellation of claims and concepts around which it circulates. This line comes in  the  second  entry  marked  6  June  1977  (PC, 16–17/20–22).  In  this  passage,  Derrida  gives  a  reading  of  the  postcard  that  in-spires his text. One will recall that the image on this card is of Socrates  seated  at  a  writing  desk,  pen  in  hand,  with  a  smaller  Plato standing behind him, seemingly dictating. Derrida spends the  majority  of  this  passage  analyzing  a  number  of  the  peculi-arities of this image (the positioning of the figures, the fact that it  is  Socrates  writing  and  not  Plato,  the  seeming  confusion  of  master  and  pupil,  teacher  and  student,  etc).  In  the  middle  of  this  analysis,  however,  Derrida  interjects  the  following  state-ment,  apparently  in  response  to  the  question,  “[t]o  whom  do  you  think  he  [Socrates]  writes?”  Derrida  states,  “[f ]or  me  it  is  always more important to know that [to whom one writes] than to know what is being written; moreover I think it amounts to the  same,  to  the  other  finally”  (PC,  17/21).  This  is  the  line  that  has always troubled me, particularly because of the privilege it grants  to  knowledge  of  addressees  over  that  of  content.  Allow  me to elaborate.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;There  is  a  line  in  The  Post  Card  that  has  always  bothered  me.  Now, to be clear, I do not hate this line. It does not keep me up at  night.  I  do  not  have  to  suppress  the  urge  to  burn  the  book  every  time  I  read  it.  But  I  have  never  understood  its  phrasing  or placement. It is, for me, in tension with the constellation of claims and concepts around which it circulates. This line comes in  the  second  entry  marked  6  June  1977  (PC, 16–17/20–22).  In  this  passage,  Derrida  gives  a  reading  of  the  postcard  that  in-spires his text. One will recall that the image on this card is of Socrates  seated  at  a  writing  desk,  pen  in  hand,  with  a  smaller  Plato standing behind him, seemingly dictating. Derrida spends the  majority  of  this  passage  analyzing  a  number  of  the  peculi-arities of this image (the positioning of the figures, the fact that it  is  Socrates  writing  and  not  Plato,  the  seeming  confusion  of  master  and  pupil,  teacher  and  student,  etc).  In  the  middle  of  this  analysis,  however,  Derrida  interjects  the  following  state-ment,  apparently  in  response  to  the  question,  “[t]o  whom  do  you  think  he  [Socrates]  writes?”  Derrida  states,  “[f ]or  me  it  is  always more important to know that [to whom one writes] than to know what is being written; moreover I think it amounts to the  same,  to  the  other  finally”  (PC,  17/21).  This  is  the  line  that  has always troubled me, particularly because of the privilege it grants  to  knowledge  of  addressees  over  that  of  content.  Allow  me to elaborate.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Postcard Telepathy</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Nicholas Royle</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;How  construe  commentary  on  a  postcard  that  is  specifically  figured  as  “a  pictorial  performative  which  never  ends”  (PC, 98/108)  —  especially  if  it  must  reckon,  at  the  same  time,  with  that   fragmentary   phantom   supplement   published   later   as   “Telepathy”1? I have been trying to read a bit of one of your post-cards, one of several dated 6 June 1977 (I note in passing that my own record of that day reveals that I too was in Oxford, and in the evening went to watch Yellow Submarine— Oxford can be a lonely place on a Monday night):What is going on under Socrates’ leg, do you recognize this object? It plunges under the waves made by the veils around the  plump  buttocks,  you  see  the  rounded  double,  improb-able enough, it plunges straight down, rigid, like the nose of a stingray, to electrocute the old man and analyze him under narcosis.  You  know  that  they  were  both  very  interested  in  this paralyzing animal. Would it make him write by paralyz-ing  him?  All  of  this,  that  I  do  not  know  or  do  not  yet  want  to see, also comes back from the bottom of the waters of my memory, a bit as if I had drawn or engraved the scene, from the  day  that,  in  an  Algiers  lycée  no  doubt,  I  first  heard  of  those two. Do people (I am not speaking of “philosophers” or of those who read Plato) realize to what extent this old couple has invaded our most private domesticity, mixing themselves up in everything, taking their part of everything, and mak-ing  us  attend  for  centuries  their  colossal  and  indefatigable  anaparalyses? (PC, 18/23)&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;How  construe  commentary  on  a  postcard  that  is  specifically  figured  as  “a  pictorial  performative  which  never  ends”  (PC, 98/108)  —  especially  if  it  must  reckon,  at  the  same  time,  with  that   fragmentary   phantom   supplement   published   later   as   “Telepathy”1? I have been trying to read a bit of one of your post-cards, one of several dated 6 June 1977 (I note in passing that my own record of that day reveals that I too was in Oxford, and in the evening went to watch Yellow Submarine— Oxford can be a lonely place on a Monday night):What is going on under Socrates’ leg, do you recognize this object? It plunges under the waves made by the veils around the  plump  buttocks,  you  see  the  rounded  double,  improb-able enough, it plunges straight down, rigid, like the nose of a stingray, to electrocute the old man and analyze him under narcosis.  You  know  that  they  were  both  very  interested  in  this paralyzing animal. Would it make him write by paralyz-ing  him?  All  of  this,  that  I  do  not  know  or  do  not  yet  want  to see, also comes back from the bottom of the waters of my memory, a bit as if I had drawn or engraved the scene, from the  day  that,  in  an  Algiers  lycée  no  doubt,  I  first  heard  of  those two. Do people (I am not speaking of “philosophers” or of those who read Plato) realize to what extent this old couple has invaded our most private domesticity, mixing themselves up in everything, taking their part of everything, and mak-ing  us  attend  for  centuries  their  colossal  and  indefatigable  anaparalyses? (PC, 18/23)&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Royle, Nicholas</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Post by a Thousand Cuts</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Wan-Chuan Kao</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>Washington and Lee University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;could  purchase  postcards  with  photographs  or  illustrations  of  “Chinese  tortures”  (les  supplices  chinois)  and  mail  them  home.  The  particular  artifact  in  figure  1,  sent  from  China  to  France  in  1912,  depicts  a  man  being  executed  by  lingchi  (凌遲  “slow  slicing,” or “death by a thousand cuts”). This postcard is one it-eration  of  the  West’s  persistent  horror  at  and  fascination  with  lingchi.  Another  example  is  a  post-execution  photograph  of  dismembered  body  parts  reproduced  in  Henry  Norman’s  The Peoples  and  Politics  of  the  Far  East  in  1895  (fig.  2).2  As  historians point out, foreign military occupation of Beijing following the Boxer Rebellion allowed Europeans, especially those able to afford  a  camera,  to  roam  the  country  more  or  less  at  will.  Im-ages  of  lingchi  executions  began  to  circulate  as  curiosities  and  mementos — especially in the form of postcards — in Europe.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;could  purchase  postcards  with  photographs  or  illustrations  of  “Chinese  tortures”  (les  supplices  chinois)  and  mail  them  home.  The  particular  artifact  in  figure  1,  sent  from  China  to  France  in  1912,  depicts  a  man  being  executed  by  lingchi  (凌遲  “slow  slicing,” or “death by a thousand cuts”). This postcard is one it-eration  of  the  West’s  persistent  horror  at  and  fascination  with  lingchi.  Another  example  is  a  post-execution  photograph  of  dismembered  body  parts  reproduced  in  Henry  Norman’s  The Peoples  and  Politics  of  the  Far  East  in  1895  (fig.  2).2  As  historians point out, foreign military occupation of Beijing following the Boxer Rebellion allowed Europeans, especially those able to afford  a  camera,  to  roam  the  country  more  or  less  at  will.  Im-ages  of  lingchi  executions  began  to  circulate  as  curiosities  and  mementos — especially in the form of postcards — in Europe.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Kao, Wan-Chuan</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Ateleia/Autoimmunity</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Eszter Timár</PersonName>
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          <KeyNames>Timár</KeyNames>
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            <Affiliation>Central European University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;I would like to highlight an important connection between Der-rida’s use of the term “autoimmunity” in his later work and the postal principle of The Post Card. Specifically, I want to point out that the notion of the stamp (stretching from “stamp” to “tim-bre”  and  the  “post  card”  itself  in  “Envois”),  which  resonates  in  the  associations  of  sending  at  the  heart  of  the  postal  principle  itself, connects to the logic of the immunis which generates “au-toimmunity.” The connection is articulated in the historical con-struction of the name of stamp collection, or love of the stamp as  “philately,”  which  is  constructed  with  the  help  of  the  Greek  ateleia. Both terms, ateleia and immunis, refer to tax exemption.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;I would like to highlight an important connection between Der-rida’s use of the term “autoimmunity” in his later work and the postal principle of The Post Card. Specifically, I want to point out that the notion of the stamp (stretching from “stamp” to “tim-bre”  and  the  “post  card”  itself  in  “Envois”),  which  resonates  in  the  associations  of  sending  at  the  heart  of  the  postal  principle  itself, connects to the logic of the immunis which generates “au-toimmunity.” The connection is articulated in the historical con-struction of the name of stamp collection, or love of the stamp as  “philately,”  which  is  constructed  with  the  help  of  the  Greek  ateleia. Both terms, ateleia and immunis, refer to tax exemption.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Timár, Eszter</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Philately on the Telephone</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Reading, Touching, Loving the "Envois"</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Hannah Markley</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>Emory University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In  this  essay,  I  read  a  phone  conversation  that  Jacques  Der-rida  alludes  to  in  the  “Envois,”  but  never  directly  transcribes.  The  content  of  the  phone  call  remains  secret.  However,  I  want  to  retrace  the  significance  of  the  conversation  and  its  organiz-ing  figure,  “philately,”  but  even  before  I  begin,  I  acknowledge  that the aims of this essay are paradoxically at odds: I am both on the phone and in a text, writing about love, but always at a distance from explicit emotional content. The entanglements of telephone and post, of emotion and its suppression, necessarily entail some detours that also perform philately on the telephone with Jacques Derrida. What is essential, then, is not the content of the phone conversation between Derrida and his lover, or my conversation with Derrida’s text. Rather, this essay foregrounds the  relays  of  telephone,  postcard,  voice,  and  emotion  in  effort  to  think  through  love  itself  as  an  envois.  That  is,  I  foreground  the ways that Derrida’s text recasts love as always already in the post.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In  this  essay,  I  read  a  phone  conversation  that  Jacques  Der-rida  alludes  to  in  the  “Envois,”  but  never  directly  transcribes.  The  content  of  the  phone  call  remains  secret.  However,  I  want  to  retrace  the  significance  of  the  conversation  and  its  organiz-ing  figure,  “philately,”  but  even  before  I  begin,  I  acknowledge  that the aims of this essay are paradoxically at odds: I am both on the phone and in a text, writing about love, but always at a distance from explicit emotional content. The entanglements of telephone and post, of emotion and its suppression, necessarily entail some detours that also perform philately on the telephone with Jacques Derrida. What is essential, then, is not the content of the phone conversation between Derrida and his lover, or my conversation with Derrida’s text. Rather, this essay foregrounds the  relays  of  telephone,  postcard,  voice,  and  emotion  in  effort  to  think  through  love  itself  as  an  envois.  That  is,  I  foreground  the ways that Derrida’s text recasts love as always already in the post.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Markley, Hannah</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Entre Nous</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Éamonn Dunne</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Love is the obvious word in the “Envois” to The Post Card and maybe  the  most  difficult  to  say  anything  about.  How  can  one  speak intelligibly about it? One falls hopelessly into cliché when speaking  of  love,  as  Derrida  does  in  the  Kirby  Dick  and  Amy  Ziering  Kofman’s  film.  “I  have  an  empty  head  on  love  in  gen-eral,” says Derrida. “And as for the reason philosophy has often spoken of love, I either have nothing to say, or I’d just be recit-ing clichés.”3 And yet, love is certainly the guiding principle, be-yond pleasure, behind and before Derrida’s corpus, behind and before  everything  he  says  about  adestination,  destinerrancy,  arrival,  the  gift,  the  messianic,  the  secret,  others,  and  also  the  promise; behind and in front of which is a double affirmation, a yes, yes to an unknown future, a oui oui that haunts language as the memory of an ad-venture, an other a-venir, each time a new beginning.  Each  time  beginning;  anew.  Every  time  I  open  my  mouth I am promising something, even when I am lying I am promising,  opening  myself  up  to  a  possible  future,  to  a  future  anterior about which I can truthfully know nothing for certain.4Speaking opens me up to the world, to the love of the world, to the promise of an other world. Who could deny that?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Love is the obvious word in the “Envois” to The Post Card and maybe  the  most  difficult  to  say  anything  about.  How  can  one  speak intelligibly about it? One falls hopelessly into cliché when speaking  of  love,  as  Derrida  does  in  the  Kirby  Dick  and  Amy  Ziering  Kofman’s  film.  “I  have  an  empty  head  on  love  in  gen-eral,” says Derrida. “And as for the reason philosophy has often spoken of love, I either have nothing to say, or I’d just be recit-ing clichés.”3 And yet, love is certainly the guiding principle, be-yond pleasure, behind and before Derrida’s corpus, behind and before  everything  he  says  about  adestination,  destinerrancy,  arrival,  the  gift,  the  messianic,  the  secret,  others,  and  also  the  promise; behind and in front of which is a double affirmation, a yes, yes to an unknown future, a oui oui that haunts language as the memory of an ad-venture, an other a-venir, each time a new beginning.  Each  time  beginning;  anew.  Every  time  I  open  my  mouth I am promising something, even when I am lying I am promising,  opening  myself  up  to  a  possible  future,  to  a  future  anterior about which I can truthfully know nothing for certain.4Speaking opens me up to the world, to the love of the world, to the promise of an other world. Who could deny that?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Derrida in Correspondances</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">A Telephonic Umbilicus</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Zach Rivers</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>New York University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;“6 October 1978.                                                    I am writing you in a taxi. I avoid the subway, here too, precisely because I like it [parce  que  je  l’aime].  And  because  I  get  lost  [je  m’égare]  in  the  correspondances, although  the  system  is  much  simpler  than  in  Paris”  (PC,  166/179).  This  passage  from  Jacques  Derrida’s  “En-vois”  in  The  Post  Card:  From  Socrates  to  Freud  and  Beyond  in which  he  writes  from  a  New  York  City  taxi  seems  relatively  mundane. Perhaps it is. Yet, I’d like to linger within this unex-ceptionable  scene  for  the  paths  it  might  already  be  leading  us  down.  Derrida’s  avoidance  of  the  subway  precisely  because  he  loves it (parce que je l’aime) betrays a logic of pleasure deferral as well as something of the postal principle: “relays, delay, antici-pation, destination, telecommunicating network, and therefore the fatal necessity of going astray, etc.” (PC, 66/74). The taxi al-lows  Derrida  to  minimize  the  spatio-temporal4  catastrophe  of  destinerrance programmed by the postal principles that might lead him astray in the sprawling subway correspondances. There is something else, too, that draws me to this passage: something to  do  with  dancing  underground  beneath  the  city,  with  sexual  difference in politics (and the politics of sexual difference), with telephones, umbilical cords, and navels. Here it is pirouetting off the page: due to an astonishing line break in the English trans-lation, correspondances  becomes  correspon-dances.5  I  follow  (je suis...)  these  correspon-dances that  Derrida  lovingly  avoids  in  dancing a movement through flickering subterranean passage-ways hidden from the light of day.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;“6 October 1978.                                                    I am writing you in a taxi. I avoid the subway, here too, precisely because I like it [parce  que  je  l’aime].  And  because  I  get  lost  [je  m’égare]  in  the  correspondances, although  the  system  is  much  simpler  than  in  Paris”  (PC,  166/179).  This  passage  from  Jacques  Derrida’s  “En-vois”  in  The  Post  Card:  From  Socrates  to  Freud  and  Beyond  in which  he  writes  from  a  New  York  City  taxi  seems  relatively  mundane. Perhaps it is. Yet, I’d like to linger within this unex-ceptionable  scene  for  the  paths  it  might  already  be  leading  us  down.  Derrida’s  avoidance  of  the  subway  precisely  because  he  loves it (parce que je l’aime) betrays a logic of pleasure deferral as well as something of the postal principle: “relays, delay, antici-pation, destination, telecommunicating network, and therefore the fatal necessity of going astray, etc.” (PC, 66/74). The taxi al-lows  Derrida  to  minimize  the  spatio-temporal4  catastrophe  of  destinerrance programmed by the postal principles that might lead him astray in the sprawling subway correspondances. There is something else, too, that draws me to this passage: something to  do  with  dancing  underground  beneath  the  city,  with  sexual  difference in politics (and the politics of sexual difference), with telephones, umbilical cords, and navels. Here it is pirouetting off the page: due to an astonishing line break in the English trans-lation, correspondances  becomes  correspon-dances.5  I  follow  (je suis...)  these  correspon-dances that  Derrida  lovingly  avoids  in  dancing a movement through flickering subterranean passage-ways hidden from the light of day.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Glossing Errors</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Notes on Reading the "Envois" Noisily</Subtitle>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;“No  longer  spermit,”  Derrida(-Bass)  writes  (PC,  195),  violat-ing grammar and spelling rules, abusing “language itself ” as he promises  on  the  back  cover  of  The  Post  Card.  This  slip  is  one  of many studded throughout the “Envois,” rupturing the sense of sentences and recoding the delicate mechanisms of meaning embedded  within  linguistic  coils.  The  strange  new  grammar  within this section of The Post Card spreads like a trap to net the impatient reader, the analytical thinker, and the careful glossa-tor all at once. This fine gauze of error invites complicity while refusing  participation  and  twists  us  towards  a  reading  of  mix-tures and of multiple, contrary truths.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;“No  longer  spermit,”  Derrida(-Bass)  writes  (PC,  195),  violat-ing grammar and spelling rules, abusing “language itself ” as he promises  on  the  back  cover  of  The  Post  Card.  This  slip  is  one  of many studded throughout the “Envois,” rupturing the sense of sentences and recoding the delicate mechanisms of meaning embedded  within  linguistic  coils.  The  strange  new  grammar  within this section of The Post Card spreads like a trap to net the impatient reader, the analytical thinker, and the careful glossa-tor all at once. This fine gauze of error invites complicity while refusing  participation  and  twists  us  towards  a  reading  of  mix-tures and of multiple, contrary truths.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Coming Unglued</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Peggy Kamuf</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Peggy</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Kamuf</KeyNames>
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              <IDValue>03taz7m60</IDValue>
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            <Affiliation>University of Southern California</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;A  commentary?  On  “Envois”?  No,  really,  you’re  joking,  right?  Or else you just want to see what might result from the collision: commentary  +  “Envois.”  In  which  case,  you  no  doubt  already  expect there will be accidents at the scene. I won’t say you pro-grammed it, since it will indeed have to have been an accident and  therefore  unforeseen,  if  not  altogether  unforeseeable.  You  don’t know what to expect, exactly; perhaps you harbor a small hope  of  seeing  commentary  derailed,  ruined  in  advance  in  its  very possibility.In  advance:  commentary  supposes,  at  a  minimum,  an  ad-vance order, an order of the pre-position of the text to be com-mented on. It, the proposed preposed work, is already there, in advance and in front of the commentary, before it. But “Envois” demonstrates,  and  this  is  also  its  performance,  that  things  in  this regard are never really certain and thus a matter of certain knowledge.  Rather,  there  is  only  belief  to  go  on  once  it  can  be  admitted — but can it? must it? — that what we call knowledge, the knowledge of some truth, is a phantasm and it is inherited, indeed, it is the phantasm of inheritance. The tradition of com-mentary is shaped by the supposed truth of inheritance: that the heir — the  commentator? — comes after that which or that from which it inherits or claims to inherit.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;A  commentary?  On  “Envois”?  No,  really,  you’re  joking,  right?  Or else you just want to see what might result from the collision: commentary  +  “Envois.”  In  which  case,  you  no  doubt  already  expect there will be accidents at the scene. I won’t say you pro-grammed it, since it will indeed have to have been an accident and  therefore  unforeseen,  if  not  altogether  unforeseeable.  You  don’t know what to expect, exactly; perhaps you harbor a small hope  of  seeing  commentary  derailed,  ruined  in  advance  in  its  very possibility.In  advance:  commentary  supposes,  at  a  minimum,  an  ad-vance order, an order of the pre-position of the text to be com-mented on. It, the proposed preposed work, is already there, in advance and in front of the commentary, before it. But “Envois” demonstrates,  and  this  is  also  its  performance,  that  things  in  this regard are never really certain and thus a matter of certain knowledge.  Rather,  there  is  only  belief  to  go  on  once  it  can  be  admitted — but can it? must it? — that what we call knowledge, the knowledge of some truth, is a phantasm and it is inherited, indeed, it is the phantasm of inheritance. The tradition of com-mentary is shaped by the supposed truth of inheritance: that the heir — the  commentator? — comes after that which or that from which it inherits or claims to inherit.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Kamuf, Peggy </PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Running with Derrida</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>James E. Burt</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>University of Wisconsin-Madison</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The exact difference between running and jogging is not estab-lished  in  the  Oxford  English  Dictionary,  which  merely  defines  jogging  as  “to  run  at  a  gentle  pace  (esp.  as  part  of  a  ‘keep-fit’  schedule).”  When  someone  is  referred  to  as  a  jogger  the  re-sponse  will  often  be  to  correct  this,  to  assert  that  they  are,  in  fact, a runner, the activities treated as distinct despite one being a form of the other. The narrator of the “Envois” is aware of this distinction, saying that they “cannot bear that I run,” preferring him to jog. Running is privileged over jogging.It’s  not  speed  that  separates  running  from  jogging.  There  is  something  awkward  about  the  motion  of  a  jogger,  expressed  through its homonymic associations, jogging someone’s pen for example. Jogging is more restrained than running, often part of a  schedule,  something  programmed  and  therefore  predictable.  Certain people prefer the narrator to jog because it “never goes very  far”  —  a  runner’s  reach  is  greater  than  a  jogger’s.  Indeed,  jogging is “only a training,” not an activity in itself, preparation to provide some wind, “the strength to live what I risk with you.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The exact difference between running and jogging is not estab-lished  in  the  Oxford  English  Dictionary,  which  merely  defines  jogging  as  “to  run  at  a  gentle  pace  (esp.  as  part  of  a  ‘keep-fit’  schedule).”  When  someone  is  referred  to  as  a  jogger  the  re-sponse  will  often  be  to  correct  this,  to  assert  that  they  are,  in  fact, a runner, the activities treated as distinct despite one being a form of the other. The narrator of the “Envois” is aware of this distinction, saying that they “cannot bear that I run,” preferring him to jog. Running is privileged over jogging.It’s  not  speed  that  separates  running  from  jogging.  There  is  something  awkward  about  the  motion  of  a  jogger,  expressed  through its homonymic associations, jogging someone’s pen for example. Jogging is more restrained than running, often part of a  schedule,  something  programmed  and  therefore  predictable.  Certain people prefer the narrator to jog because it “never goes very  far”  —  a  runner’s  reach  is  greater  than  a  jogger’s.  Indeed,  jogging is “only a training,” not an activity in itself, preparation to provide some wind, “the strength to live what I risk with you.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Perception-Framing-Love</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Julian Wolfreys</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>University of Portsmouth</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;It’s always about the name. Everything comes down to this. Everything  is  due  to  the  difficulty  of  properly  naming  the  thing itself. Actually this difficulty is an impossibility, a diffi-culty whose limits can only be indefinitely pushed back. (PC, 382)Leave  this,  the  limits  being  “indefinitely”  pushed  at,  moved  backwards, further and further, to recede, the harder one tries. This involves a question of perception.Perceive: apperceive. Always there: perception.On the one hand: perception of another.On the other hand: an other perception; perception of the other.There is always another perception in perception: there remains, in  secret,  hidden  away,  just  below  the  surface,  underneath  the  tongue,  sublingually,  as  if  the  two  were  entwined,  one  tongue  insinuating  itself  with  the  other’s  tongue;  or,  say  this  the  other  way around so as to gain perspective if not to perceive correctly, the  other’s  tongue  always  already  having  insinuated  itself  un-der,  in  the  mouth  of  the  one.  So  it  is  with  the  action  of  per-ception.  So  it  is  with  perception  of  apperception,  and  what  it  means to perceive. Traveling across tongues, leaving, as it were, can you perceive this, the trace of another’s perception in your own, Latin to French to English. To perceive: seize, understand, take  entirely.  The  other’s  tongue,  in  its  being  carried  over  into  my mouth, knows me. I believe I take it on, make it conform to my will, to the power of my language — as if there were such a thing — when, and here is the other perception, perception that will never be mine, in imagining the other’s perception, percep-tion  of  the  other,  I  perceive  indirectly,  I  apperceive,  that  there,  there  is  the  other  perception,  perception  of,  on  perception.  In  taking the other, seizing its tongue, making it conform, I take on a perception that perceives without being perceived necessarily, and which, in so doing, apprehends me. I am taken entirely by the other.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;It’s always about the name. Everything comes down to this. Everything  is  due  to  the  difficulty  of  properly  naming  the  thing itself. Actually this difficulty is an impossibility, a diffi-culty whose limits can only be indefinitely pushed back. (PC, 382)Leave  this,  the  limits  being  “indefinitely”  pushed  at,  moved  backwards, further and further, to recede, the harder one tries. This involves a question of perception.Perceive: apperceive. Always there: perception.On the one hand: perception of another.On the other hand: an other perception; perception of the other.There is always another perception in perception: there remains, in  secret,  hidden  away,  just  below  the  surface,  underneath  the  tongue,  sublingually,  as  if  the  two  were  entwined,  one  tongue  insinuating  itself  with  the  other’s  tongue;  or,  say  this  the  other  way around so as to gain perspective if not to perceive correctly, the  other’s  tongue  always  already  having  insinuated  itself  un-der,  in  the  mouth  of  the  one.  So  it  is  with  the  action  of  per-ception.  So  it  is  with  perception  of  apperception,  and  what  it  means to perceive. Traveling across tongues, leaving, as it were, can you perceive this, the trace of another’s perception in your own, Latin to French to English. To perceive: seize, understand, take  entirely.  The  other’s  tongue,  in  its  being  carried  over  into  my mouth, knows me. I believe I take it on, make it conform to my will, to the power of my language — as if there were such a thing — when, and here is the other perception, perception that will never be mine, in imagining the other’s perception, percep-tion  of  the  other,  I  perceive  indirectly,  I  apperceive,  that  there,  there  is  the  other  perception,  perception  of,  on  perception.  In  taking the other, seizing its tongue, making it conform, I take on a perception that perceives without being perceived necessarily, and which, in so doing, apprehends me. I am taken entirely by the other.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;That the relationship between J. Hillis Miller and Jacques Der-rida occupies a unique place in the landscape of contemporary criticism is no secret. They have played as well a significant role in  my  intellectual  building,  having  encountered  them  some  thirty years ago. I have written about that in my “Journey With J on the Jour J,” an introduction to Derrida’s essay “Justices” on J.  Hillis  Miller,  and  Miller’s  “Isabelle’s  Kiss”  published  in  Criti-cal  Inquiry  in  2005.  There,  I  have  likened  these  two  essays  to  letters  on  the  way  “to  further  destinations  of  as  yet  uncharted  parts. Like letters, sealed with a kiss.”1 Derrida’s essay “‘Justices’” includes  a  description  of  the  scene  in  which  he  receives  a  let-ter from Miller (“Hillis” when referring to the film character, “J. Hillis Miller” or “Miller” when referring to Miller as author in further text), regarding the real name behind the “J” which has received  extensive  treatment  in  my  film  The  First  Sail:  J.  Hillis  Miller.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;That the relationship between J. Hillis Miller and Jacques Der-rida occupies a unique place in the landscape of contemporary criticism is no secret. They have played as well a significant role in  my  intellectual  building,  having  encountered  them  some  thirty years ago. I have written about that in my “Journey With J on the Jour J,” an introduction to Derrida’s essay “Justices” on J.  Hillis  Miller,  and  Miller’s  “Isabelle’s  Kiss”  published  in  Criti-cal  Inquiry  in  2005.  There,  I  have  likened  these  two  essays  to  letters  on  the  way  “to  further  destinations  of  as  yet  uncharted  parts. Like letters, sealed with a kiss.”1 Derrida’s essay “‘Justices’” includes  a  description  of  the  scene  in  which  he  receives  a  let-ter from Miller (“Hillis” when referring to the film character, “J. Hillis Miller” or “Miller” when referring to Miller as author in further text), regarding the real name behind the “J” which has received  extensive  treatment  in  my  film  The  First  Sail:  J.  Hillis  Miller.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This collection of essays is an example par excellence of the post-card  effect  so  extensively  treated  in  Jacques  Derrida’s  The  Post  Card: From Socrates to Freud and Beyond. None of these essays was ever meant to end up in my hands, being now the presumed “editor” of this volume. As if in an actual enactment of, or per-haps,  better,  faithfulness  to  the  project  of  this  publication,  its  original  addressee  returned  the  mail,  which,  poste  restante  on  the west coast of the United States, in a locale not far away from the  Jacques  Derrida  Papers  housed  at  the  Special  Collections  and Archives of UC Irvine, was forwarded to my inbox.My own encounter with Derrida’s work started with a simi-lar form of destinerrance, when I stumbled across Of Gramma-tology  in  the  philosophy  of  language  section  of  the  W.E.B.  Du  Bois  library  at  the  University  of  Massachusetts  in  Amherst.  A  graduate  student  in  linguistics,  I  was  convinced  that  the  book  was addressing me. It spoke of the origins of language, took on Saussure, and developed the notion of “trace.” Freshly trained in Chomskyan linguistics, all of these seemed so familiar to me, yet I understood nothing — as if it was written in another English, an English I could pronounce but not read.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This collection of essays is an example par excellence of the post-card  effect  so  extensively  treated  in  Jacques  Derrida’s  The  Post  Card: From Socrates to Freud and Beyond. None of these essays was ever meant to end up in my hands, being now the presumed “editor” of this volume. As if in an actual enactment of, or per-haps,  better,  faithfulness  to  the  project  of  this  publication,  its  original  addressee  returned  the  mail,  which,  poste  restante  on  the west coast of the United States, in a locale not far away from the  Jacques  Derrida  Papers  housed  at  the  Special  Collections  and Archives of UC Irvine, was forwarded to my inbox.My own encounter with Derrida’s work started with a simi-lar form of destinerrance, when I stumbled across Of Gramma-tology  in  the  philosophy  of  language  section  of  the  W.E.B.  Du  Bois  library  at  the  University  of  Massachusetts  in  Amherst.  A  graduate  student  in  linguistics,  I  was  convinced  that  the  book  was addressing me. It spoke of the origins of language, took on Saussure, and developed the notion of “trace.” Freshly trained in Chomskyan linguistics, all of these seemed so familiar to me, yet I understood nothing — as if it was written in another English, an English I could pronounce but not read.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In 1980, Jacques Derrida published La carte postale: De Socrate à Freud et au-delà. At the occasion of the 30th anniversary of the English translation, Going Postcard: The Letter(s) of Jacques Derrida revisits this seminal work in Derrida’s oeuvre. Derrida himself described The Post Card in his preface as “the remainders of a destroyed correspondence,” stretching from 1977 to 1979. A cryptic text, it is riddled with gaps, word plays, and a meandering analysis of the interface between philosophy and psychoanalysis.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The contributors who offered the fourteen essays gathered in Going Postcard were each provided with a deceptively simple task: to write a gloss to a fragment from the first part of The Post Card, “Envois.” The result is a prismatic array of commentaries, excursions, and interpretations that take Derrida “to the letter.” The different glosses on lemmas such as genre, erasure, telepathy, philately, and sperm transport The Post Card into the twenty-first century and offer a “correspondence,” if fragmentary, with Derrida’s work and the work to come.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In 1980, Jacques Derrida published La carte postale: De Socrate à Freud et au-delà. At the occasion of the 30th anniversary of the English translation, Going Postcard: The Letter(s) of Jacques Derrida revisits this seminal work in Derrida’s oeuvre. Derrida himself described The Post Card in his preface as “the remainders of a destroyed correspondence,” stretching from 1977 to 1979. A cryptic text, it is riddled with gaps, word plays, and a meandering analysis of the interface between philosophy and psychoanalysis.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The contributors who offered the fourteen essays gathered in Going Postcard were each provided with a deceptively simple task: to write a gloss to a fragment from the first part of The Post Card, “Envois.” The result is a prismatic array of commentaries, excursions, and interpretations that take Derrida “to the letter.” The different glosses on lemmas such as genre, erasure, telepathy, philately, and sperm transport The Post Card into the twenty-first century and offer a “correspondence,” if fragmentary, with Derrida’s work and the work to come.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Glossing the Gloss of "Envois" in The Post Card</TitleText>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The  Post  Card  invites  glossing  of  all  sorts.  It  is  an  immensely  complex  and  rich  text,  one  of  Derrida’s  most  fascinating  and  challenging. La  carte  postale  is  full  of  specific  historical  and  personal references that will puzzle many readers. Many formu-lations  and  allusions  are  enigmatic  or  counter-intuitive.  They  need  explanatory  glossing.  Derrida  uses  just  about  every  rhe-torical  device  and  figure  of  speech  in  the  book.  You  name  it,  it  is  there  (il  y  a  là):  puns  (calembours),  metaphor,  metonymy,  synecdoche,  catachresis,  apostrophe,  prosopopoeia,  hyperbole,  prolepsis,  analepsis,  ellipsis,  paradox,  aporia,  and  of  course  a  constant  pervasive  destabilizing  irony.  How  can  you  tell  when  this joker is telling the truth or speaking straight, if ever? “Envois,”  moreover,  is  full  of  complex  wordplay  that  is  not  exactly “figurative” in the usual sense. This wordplay is often not easily  translatable  from  French  to  English.  One  tiny  example:  In  the  last  entry  for  February  1979,  Derrida  writes:  “La  séance  continue, tu analyse ça comment? Je parle grammaire, comme toujours,  c’est  un  verbe  ou  un  adjectif ?”  (“La  séance  continue,  how  do  you  analyze  that?  I’m  talking  grammar,  as  always,  is  it  a verb or an adjective?” [PC, 178/193]) Derrida here plays on an untranslatable ambiguity on whether “continue” in the French is verb or an adjective. In the first case, the locution would mean: “The session continues.” In the second, “The continued session.” It makes a lot of difference which way you read it, as a duck or as a rabbit, as in the famous Gestaltist diagram that oscillates un-predictably before the viewer’s eyes between those two animals. The reader (you! [singular]) will note the second person singu-lar pronoun in “tu analyse ça comment?” This is an example of the endless play on the difference between “tu” and “vous” that pervades the “Envois.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The  Post  Card  invites  glossing  of  all  sorts.  It  is  an  immensely  complex  and  rich  text,  one  of  Derrida’s  most  fascinating  and  challenging. La  carte  postale  is  full  of  specific  historical  and  personal references that will puzzle many readers. Many formu-lations  and  allusions  are  enigmatic  or  counter-intuitive.  They  need  explanatory  glossing.  Derrida  uses  just  about  every  rhe-torical  device  and  figure  of  speech  in  the  book.  You  name  it,  it  is  there  (il  y  a  là):  puns  (calembours),  metaphor,  metonymy,  synecdoche,  catachresis,  apostrophe,  prosopopoeia,  hyperbole,  prolepsis,  analepsis,  ellipsis,  paradox,  aporia,  and  of  course  a  constant  pervasive  destabilizing  irony.  How  can  you  tell  when  this joker is telling the truth or speaking straight, if ever? “Envois,”  moreover,  is  full  of  complex  wordplay  that  is  not  exactly “figurative” in the usual sense. This wordplay is often not easily  translatable  from  French  to  English.  One  tiny  example:  In  the  last  entry  for  February  1979,  Derrida  writes:  “La  séance  continue, tu analyse ça comment? Je parle grammaire, comme toujours,  c’est  un  verbe  ou  un  adjectif ?”  (“La  séance  continue,  how  do  you  analyze  that?  I’m  talking  grammar,  as  always,  is  it  a verb or an adjective?” [PC, 178/193]) Derrida here plays on an untranslatable ambiguity on whether “continue” in the French is verb or an adjective. In the first case, the locution would mean: “The session continues.” In the second, “The continued session.” It makes a lot of difference which way you read it, as a duck or as a rabbit, as in the famous Gestaltist diagram that oscillates un-predictably before the viewer’s eyes between those two animals. The reader (you! [singular]) will note the second person singu-lar pronoun in “tu analyse ça comment?” This is an example of the endless play on the difference between “tu” and “vous” that pervades the “Envois.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The reader of The Post Card is surely to be excused for drawing a  blank  from  time  to  time.  It’s  not  easy  going  —  a  Derrida  text  rarely  is  —  and  “To  Speculate  —  on  ‘Freud’”  and  “Le  facteur  de  la vérité” are among Derrida’s most challenging works. But pa-tience and rereading almost always have their rewards when it comes to Derrida. However difficult these essays may be at first glance or at a first reading, they are not impenetrable, as some have  wanted  to  pretend,  and  multiple  readings  almost  always  yield  a  coherent  if  not  convincing  reading  of  Freud  or  Lacan  on themes such as repetition, legacy, language, the unconscious, or  the  relationship  between  psychoanalysis  and  philosophy.  Even if the reader winds up drawing a blank now and again, the goal  nonetheless  remains  and  should  remain  to  interpret  and  to understand, in a word, to gloss — the argument as well as the rhetoric, the organization as well as the themes, everything from the theses that are put forward to the language and terms used to  support  them.  To  arrive  at  a  reading  of  these  works  —  that  should  remain  the  goal  of  every  reader  who  enters  the  ring  or  the  arena  of  interpretation,  every  reader  who  agrees  to  going  postcard.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The reader of The Post Card is surely to be excused for drawing a  blank  from  time  to  time.  It’s  not  easy  going  —  a  Derrida  text  rarely  is  —  and  “To  Speculate  —  on  ‘Freud’”  and  “Le  facteur  de  la vérité” are among Derrida’s most challenging works. But pa-tience and rereading almost always have their rewards when it comes to Derrida. However difficult these essays may be at first glance or at a first reading, they are not impenetrable, as some have  wanted  to  pretend,  and  multiple  readings  almost  always  yield  a  coherent  if  not  convincing  reading  of  Freud  or  Lacan  on themes such as repetition, legacy, language, the unconscious, or  the  relationship  between  psychoanalysis  and  philosophy.  Even if the reader winds up drawing a blank now and again, the goal  nonetheless  remains  and  should  remain  to  interpret  and  to understand, in a word, to gloss — the argument as well as the rhetoric, the organization as well as the themes, everything from the theses that are put forward to the language and terms used to  support  them.  To  arrive  at  a  reading  of  these  works  —  that  should  remain  the  goal  of  every  reader  who  enters  the  ring  or  the  arena  of  interpretation,  every  reader  who  agrees  to  going  postcard.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Troubling Lines</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">The Process of Address in Derrida's The Post Card</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Rick Elmore</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>Appalachian State University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;There  is  a  line  in  The  Post  Card  that  has  always  bothered  me.  Now, to be clear, I do not hate this line. It does not keep me up at  night.  I  do  not  have  to  suppress  the  urge  to  burn  the  book  every  time  I  read  it.  But  I  have  never  understood  its  phrasing  or placement. It is, for me, in tension with the constellation of claims and concepts around which it circulates. This line comes in  the  second  entry  marked  6  June  1977  (PC, 16–17/20–22).  In  this  passage,  Derrida  gives  a  reading  of  the  postcard  that  in-spires his text. One will recall that the image on this card is of Socrates  seated  at  a  writing  desk,  pen  in  hand,  with  a  smaller  Plato standing behind him, seemingly dictating. Derrida spends the  majority  of  this  passage  analyzing  a  number  of  the  peculi-arities of this image (the positioning of the figures, the fact that it  is  Socrates  writing  and  not  Plato,  the  seeming  confusion  of  master  and  pupil,  teacher  and  student,  etc).  In  the  middle  of  this  analysis,  however,  Derrida  interjects  the  following  state-ment,  apparently  in  response  to  the  question,  “[t]o  whom  do  you  think  he  [Socrates]  writes?”  Derrida  states,  “[f ]or  me  it  is  always more important to know that [to whom one writes] than to know what is being written; moreover I think it amounts to the  same,  to  the  other  finally”  (PC,  17/21).  This  is  the  line  that  has always troubled me, particularly because of the privilege it grants  to  knowledge  of  addressees  over  that  of  content.  Allow  me to elaborate.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;There  is  a  line  in  The  Post  Card  that  has  always  bothered  me.  Now, to be clear, I do not hate this line. It does not keep me up at  night.  I  do  not  have  to  suppress  the  urge  to  burn  the  book  every  time  I  read  it.  But  I  have  never  understood  its  phrasing  or placement. It is, for me, in tension with the constellation of claims and concepts around which it circulates. This line comes in  the  second  entry  marked  6  June  1977  (PC, 16–17/20–22).  In  this  passage,  Derrida  gives  a  reading  of  the  postcard  that  in-spires his text. One will recall that the image on this card is of Socrates  seated  at  a  writing  desk,  pen  in  hand,  with  a  smaller  Plato standing behind him, seemingly dictating. Derrida spends the  majority  of  this  passage  analyzing  a  number  of  the  peculi-arities of this image (the positioning of the figures, the fact that it  is  Socrates  writing  and  not  Plato,  the  seeming  confusion  of  master  and  pupil,  teacher  and  student,  etc).  In  the  middle  of  this  analysis,  however,  Derrida  interjects  the  following  state-ment,  apparently  in  response  to  the  question,  “[t]o  whom  do  you  think  he  [Socrates]  writes?”  Derrida  states,  “[f ]or  me  it  is  always more important to know that [to whom one writes] than to know what is being written; moreover I think it amounts to the  same,  to  the  other  finally”  (PC,  17/21).  This  is  the  line  that  has always troubled me, particularly because of the privilege it grants  to  knowledge  of  addressees  over  that  of  content.  Allow  me to elaborate.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Postcard Telepathy</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Nicholas Royle</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;How  construe  commentary  on  a  postcard  that  is  specifically  figured  as  “a  pictorial  performative  which  never  ends”  (PC, 98/108)  —  especially  if  it  must  reckon,  at  the  same  time,  with  that   fragmentary   phantom   supplement   published   later   as   “Telepathy”1? I have been trying to read a bit of one of your post-cards, one of several dated 6 June 1977 (I note in passing that my own record of that day reveals that I too was in Oxford, and in the evening went to watch Yellow Submarine— Oxford can be a lonely place on a Monday night):What is going on under Socrates’ leg, do you recognize this object? It plunges under the waves made by the veils around the  plump  buttocks,  you  see  the  rounded  double,  improb-able enough, it plunges straight down, rigid, like the nose of a stingray, to electrocute the old man and analyze him under narcosis.  You  know  that  they  were  both  very  interested  in  this paralyzing animal. Would it make him write by paralyz-ing  him?  All  of  this,  that  I  do  not  know  or  do  not  yet  want  to see, also comes back from the bottom of the waters of my memory, a bit as if I had drawn or engraved the scene, from the  day  that,  in  an  Algiers  lycée  no  doubt,  I  first  heard  of  those two. Do people (I am not speaking of “philosophers” or of those who read Plato) realize to what extent this old couple has invaded our most private domesticity, mixing themselves up in everything, taking their part of everything, and mak-ing  us  attend  for  centuries  their  colossal  and  indefatigable  anaparalyses? (PC, 18/23)&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;How  construe  commentary  on  a  postcard  that  is  specifically  figured  as  “a  pictorial  performative  which  never  ends”  (PC, 98/108)  —  especially  if  it  must  reckon,  at  the  same  time,  with  that   fragmentary   phantom   supplement   published   later   as   “Telepathy”1? I have been trying to read a bit of one of your post-cards, one of several dated 6 June 1977 (I note in passing that my own record of that day reveals that I too was in Oxford, and in the evening went to watch Yellow Submarine— Oxford can be a lonely place on a Monday night):What is going on under Socrates’ leg, do you recognize this object? It plunges under the waves made by the veils around the  plump  buttocks,  you  see  the  rounded  double,  improb-able enough, it plunges straight down, rigid, like the nose of a stingray, to electrocute the old man and analyze him under narcosis.  You  know  that  they  were  both  very  interested  in  this paralyzing animal. Would it make him write by paralyz-ing  him?  All  of  this,  that  I  do  not  know  or  do  not  yet  want  to see, also comes back from the bottom of the waters of my memory, a bit as if I had drawn or engraved the scene, from the  day  that,  in  an  Algiers  lycée  no  doubt,  I  first  heard  of  those two. Do people (I am not speaking of “philosophers” or of those who read Plato) realize to what extent this old couple has invaded our most private domesticity, mixing themselves up in everything, taking their part of everything, and mak-ing  us  attend  for  centuries  their  colossal  and  indefatigable  anaparalyses? (PC, 18/23)&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Post by a Thousand Cuts</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Wan-Chuan Kao</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Wan-Chuan</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Kao</KeyNames>
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            <Affiliation>Washington and Lee University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;could  purchase  postcards  with  photographs  or  illustrations  of  “Chinese  tortures”  (les  supplices  chinois)  and  mail  them  home.  The  particular  artifact  in  figure  1,  sent  from  China  to  France  in  1912,  depicts  a  man  being  executed  by  lingchi  (凌遲  “slow  slicing,” or “death by a thousand cuts”). This postcard is one it-eration  of  the  West’s  persistent  horror  at  and  fascination  with  lingchi.  Another  example  is  a  post-execution  photograph  of  dismembered  body  parts  reproduced  in  Henry  Norman’s  The Peoples  and  Politics  of  the  Far  East  in  1895  (fig.  2).2  As  historians point out, foreign military occupation of Beijing following the Boxer Rebellion allowed Europeans, especially those able to afford  a  camera,  to  roam  the  country  more  or  less  at  will.  Im-ages  of  lingchi  executions  began  to  circulate  as  curiosities  and  mementos — especially in the form of postcards — in Europe.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;could  purchase  postcards  with  photographs  or  illustrations  of  “Chinese  tortures”  (les  supplices  chinois)  and  mail  them  home.  The  particular  artifact  in  figure  1,  sent  from  China  to  France  in  1912,  depicts  a  man  being  executed  by  lingchi  (凌遲  “slow  slicing,” or “death by a thousand cuts”). This postcard is one it-eration  of  the  West’s  persistent  horror  at  and  fascination  with  lingchi.  Another  example  is  a  post-execution  photograph  of  dismembered  body  parts  reproduced  in  Henry  Norman’s  The Peoples  and  Politics  of  the  Far  East  in  1895  (fig.  2).2  As  historians point out, foreign military occupation of Beijing following the Boxer Rebellion allowed Europeans, especially those able to afford  a  camera,  to  roam  the  country  more  or  less  at  will.  Im-ages  of  lingchi  executions  began  to  circulate  as  curiosities  and  mementos — especially in the form of postcards — in Europe.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <PersonName>Kao, Wan-Chuan</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Ateleia/Autoimmunity</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Eszter Timár</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Eszter</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Timár</KeyNames>
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            <Affiliation>Central European University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;I would like to highlight an important connection between Der-rida’s use of the term “autoimmunity” in his later work and the postal principle of The Post Card. Specifically, I want to point out that the notion of the stamp (stretching from “stamp” to “tim-bre”  and  the  “post  card”  itself  in  “Envois”),  which  resonates  in  the  associations  of  sending  at  the  heart  of  the  postal  principle  itself, connects to the logic of the immunis which generates “au-toimmunity.” The connection is articulated in the historical con-struction of the name of stamp collection, or love of the stamp as  “philately,”  which  is  constructed  with  the  help  of  the  Greek  ateleia. Both terms, ateleia and immunis, refer to tax exemption.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;I would like to highlight an important connection between Der-rida’s use of the term “autoimmunity” in his later work and the postal principle of The Post Card. Specifically, I want to point out that the notion of the stamp (stretching from “stamp” to “tim-bre”  and  the  “post  card”  itself  in  “Envois”),  which  resonates  in  the  associations  of  sending  at  the  heart  of  the  postal  principle  itself, connects to the logic of the immunis which generates “au-toimmunity.” The connection is articulated in the historical con-struction of the name of stamp collection, or love of the stamp as  “philately,”  which  is  constructed  with  the  help  of  the  Greek  ateleia. Both terms, ateleia and immunis, refer to tax exemption.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Timár, Eszter</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Philately on the Telephone</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Reading, Touching, Loving the "Envois"</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Hannah Markley</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>Emory University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In  this  essay,  I  read  a  phone  conversation  that  Jacques  Der-rida  alludes  to  in  the  “Envois,”  but  never  directly  transcribes.  The  content  of  the  phone  call  remains  secret.  However,  I  want  to  retrace  the  significance  of  the  conversation  and  its  organiz-ing  figure,  “philately,”  but  even  before  I  begin,  I  acknowledge  that the aims of this essay are paradoxically at odds: I am both on the phone and in a text, writing about love, but always at a distance from explicit emotional content. The entanglements of telephone and post, of emotion and its suppression, necessarily entail some detours that also perform philately on the telephone with Jacques Derrida. What is essential, then, is not the content of the phone conversation between Derrida and his lover, or my conversation with Derrida’s text. Rather, this essay foregrounds the  relays  of  telephone,  postcard,  voice,  and  emotion  in  effort  to  think  through  love  itself  as  an  envois.  That  is,  I  foreground  the ways that Derrida’s text recasts love as always already in the post.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In  this  essay,  I  read  a  phone  conversation  that  Jacques  Der-rida  alludes  to  in  the  “Envois,”  but  never  directly  transcribes.  The  content  of  the  phone  call  remains  secret.  However,  I  want  to  retrace  the  significance  of  the  conversation  and  its  organiz-ing  figure,  “philately,”  but  even  before  I  begin,  I  acknowledge  that the aims of this essay are paradoxically at odds: I am both on the phone and in a text, writing about love, but always at a distance from explicit emotional content. The entanglements of telephone and post, of emotion and its suppression, necessarily entail some detours that also perform philately on the telephone with Jacques Derrida. What is essential, then, is not the content of the phone conversation between Derrida and his lover, or my conversation with Derrida’s text. Rather, this essay foregrounds the  relays  of  telephone,  postcard,  voice,  and  emotion  in  effort  to  think  through  love  itself  as  an  envois.  That  is,  I  foreground  the ways that Derrida’s text recasts love as always already in the post.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Entre Nous</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Éamonn Dunne</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Love is the obvious word in the “Envois” to The Post Card and maybe  the  most  difficult  to  say  anything  about.  How  can  one  speak intelligibly about it? One falls hopelessly into cliché when speaking  of  love,  as  Derrida  does  in  the  Kirby  Dick  and  Amy  Ziering  Kofman’s  film.  “I  have  an  empty  head  on  love  in  gen-eral,” says Derrida. “And as for the reason philosophy has often spoken of love, I either have nothing to say, or I’d just be recit-ing clichés.”3 And yet, love is certainly the guiding principle, be-yond pleasure, behind and before Derrida’s corpus, behind and before  everything  he  says  about  adestination,  destinerrancy,  arrival,  the  gift,  the  messianic,  the  secret,  others,  and  also  the  promise; behind and in front of which is a double affirmation, a yes, yes to an unknown future, a oui oui that haunts language as the memory of an ad-venture, an other a-venir, each time a new beginning.  Each  time  beginning;  anew.  Every  time  I  open  my  mouth I am promising something, even when I am lying I am promising,  opening  myself  up  to  a  possible  future,  to  a  future  anterior about which I can truthfully know nothing for certain.4Speaking opens me up to the world, to the love of the world, to the promise of an other world. Who could deny that?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Love is the obvious word in the “Envois” to The Post Card and maybe  the  most  difficult  to  say  anything  about.  How  can  one  speak intelligibly about it? One falls hopelessly into cliché when speaking  of  love,  as  Derrida  does  in  the  Kirby  Dick  and  Amy  Ziering  Kofman’s  film.  “I  have  an  empty  head  on  love  in  gen-eral,” says Derrida. “And as for the reason philosophy has often spoken of love, I either have nothing to say, or I’d just be recit-ing clichés.”3 And yet, love is certainly the guiding principle, be-yond pleasure, behind and before Derrida’s corpus, behind and before  everything  he  says  about  adestination,  destinerrancy,  arrival,  the  gift,  the  messianic,  the  secret,  others,  and  also  the  promise; behind and in front of which is a double affirmation, a yes, yes to an unknown future, a oui oui that haunts language as the memory of an ad-venture, an other a-venir, each time a new beginning.  Each  time  beginning;  anew.  Every  time  I  open  my  mouth I am promising something, even when I am lying I am promising,  opening  myself  up  to  a  possible  future,  to  a  future  anterior about which I can truthfully know nothing for certain.4Speaking opens me up to the world, to the love of the world, to the promise of an other world. Who could deny that?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Dunne, Éamonn</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Derrida in Correspondances</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">A Telephonic Umbilicus</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Zach Rivers</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>New York University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;“6 October 1978.                                                    I am writing you in a taxi. I avoid the subway, here too, precisely because I like it [parce  que  je  l’aime].  And  because  I  get  lost  [je  m’égare]  in  the  correspondances, although  the  system  is  much  simpler  than  in  Paris”  (PC,  166/179).  This  passage  from  Jacques  Derrida’s  “En-vois”  in  The  Post  Card:  From  Socrates  to  Freud  and  Beyond  in which  he  writes  from  a  New  York  City  taxi  seems  relatively  mundane. Perhaps it is. Yet, I’d like to linger within this unex-ceptionable  scene  for  the  paths  it  might  already  be  leading  us  down.  Derrida’s  avoidance  of  the  subway  precisely  because  he  loves it (parce que je l’aime) betrays a logic of pleasure deferral as well as something of the postal principle: “relays, delay, antici-pation, destination, telecommunicating network, and therefore the fatal necessity of going astray, etc.” (PC, 66/74). The taxi al-lows  Derrida  to  minimize  the  spatio-temporal4  catastrophe  of  destinerrance programmed by the postal principles that might lead him astray in the sprawling subway correspondances. There is something else, too, that draws me to this passage: something to  do  with  dancing  underground  beneath  the  city,  with  sexual  difference in politics (and the politics of sexual difference), with telephones, umbilical cords, and navels. Here it is pirouetting off the page: due to an astonishing line break in the English trans-lation, correspondances  becomes  correspon-dances.5  I  follow  (je suis...)  these  correspon-dances that  Derrida  lovingly  avoids  in  dancing a movement through flickering subterranean passage-ways hidden from the light of day.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;“6 October 1978.                                                    I am writing you in a taxi. I avoid the subway, here too, precisely because I like it [parce  que  je  l’aime].  And  because  I  get  lost  [je  m’égare]  in  the  correspondances, although  the  system  is  much  simpler  than  in  Paris”  (PC,  166/179).  This  passage  from  Jacques  Derrida’s  “En-vois”  in  The  Post  Card:  From  Socrates  to  Freud  and  Beyond  in which  he  writes  from  a  New  York  City  taxi  seems  relatively  mundane. Perhaps it is. Yet, I’d like to linger within this unex-ceptionable  scene  for  the  paths  it  might  already  be  leading  us  down.  Derrida’s  avoidance  of  the  subway  precisely  because  he  loves it (parce que je l’aime) betrays a logic of pleasure deferral as well as something of the postal principle: “relays, delay, antici-pation, destination, telecommunicating network, and therefore the fatal necessity of going astray, etc.” (PC, 66/74). The taxi al-lows  Derrida  to  minimize  the  spatio-temporal4  catastrophe  of  destinerrance programmed by the postal principles that might lead him astray in the sprawling subway correspondances. There is something else, too, that draws me to this passage: something to  do  with  dancing  underground  beneath  the  city,  with  sexual  difference in politics (and the politics of sexual difference), with telephones, umbilical cords, and navels. Here it is pirouetting off the page: due to an astonishing line break in the English trans-lation, correspondances  becomes  correspon-dances.5  I  follow  (je suis...)  these  correspon-dances that  Derrida  lovingly  avoids  in  dancing a movement through flickering subterranean passage-ways hidden from the light of day.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Glossing Errors</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Notes on Reading the "Envois" Noisily</Subtitle>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;“No  longer  spermit,”  Derrida(-Bass)  writes  (PC,  195),  violat-ing grammar and spelling rules, abusing “language itself ” as he promises  on  the  back  cover  of  The  Post  Card.  This  slip  is  one  of many studded throughout the “Envois,” rupturing the sense of sentences and recoding the delicate mechanisms of meaning embedded  within  linguistic  coils.  The  strange  new  grammar  within this section of The Post Card spreads like a trap to net the impatient reader, the analytical thinker, and the careful glossa-tor all at once. This fine gauze of error invites complicity while refusing  participation  and  twists  us  towards  a  reading  of  mix-tures and of multiple, contrary truths.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;“No  longer  spermit,”  Derrida(-Bass)  writes  (PC,  195),  violat-ing grammar and spelling rules, abusing “language itself ” as he promises  on  the  back  cover  of  The  Post  Card.  This  slip  is  one  of many studded throughout the “Envois,” rupturing the sense of sentences and recoding the delicate mechanisms of meaning embedded  within  linguistic  coils.  The  strange  new  grammar  within this section of The Post Card spreads like a trap to net the impatient reader, the analytical thinker, and the careful glossa-tor all at once. This fine gauze of error invites complicity while refusing  participation  and  twists  us  towards  a  reading  of  mix-tures and of multiple, contrary truths.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Coming Unglued</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Peggy Kamuf</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>University of Southern California</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;A  commentary?  On  “Envois”?  No,  really,  you’re  joking,  right?  Or else you just want to see what might result from the collision: commentary  +  “Envois.”  In  which  case,  you  no  doubt  already  expect there will be accidents at the scene. I won’t say you pro-grammed it, since it will indeed have to have been an accident and  therefore  unforeseen,  if  not  altogether  unforeseeable.  You  don’t know what to expect, exactly; perhaps you harbor a small hope  of  seeing  commentary  derailed,  ruined  in  advance  in  its  very possibility.In  advance:  commentary  supposes,  at  a  minimum,  an  ad-vance order, an order of the pre-position of the text to be com-mented on. It, the proposed preposed work, is already there, in advance and in front of the commentary, before it. But “Envois” demonstrates,  and  this  is  also  its  performance,  that  things  in  this regard are never really certain and thus a matter of certain knowledge.  Rather,  there  is  only  belief  to  go  on  once  it  can  be  admitted — but can it? must it? — that what we call knowledge, the knowledge of some truth, is a phantasm and it is inherited, indeed, it is the phantasm of inheritance. The tradition of com-mentary is shaped by the supposed truth of inheritance: that the heir — the  commentator? — comes after that which or that from which it inherits or claims to inherit.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;A  commentary?  On  “Envois”?  No,  really,  you’re  joking,  right?  Or else you just want to see what might result from the collision: commentary  +  “Envois.”  In  which  case,  you  no  doubt  already  expect there will be accidents at the scene. I won’t say you pro-grammed it, since it will indeed have to have been an accident and  therefore  unforeseen,  if  not  altogether  unforeseeable.  You  don’t know what to expect, exactly; perhaps you harbor a small hope  of  seeing  commentary  derailed,  ruined  in  advance  in  its  very possibility.In  advance:  commentary  supposes,  at  a  minimum,  an  ad-vance order, an order of the pre-position of the text to be com-mented on. It, the proposed preposed work, is already there, in advance and in front of the commentary, before it. But “Envois” demonstrates,  and  this  is  also  its  performance,  that  things  in  this regard are never really certain and thus a matter of certain knowledge.  Rather,  there  is  only  belief  to  go  on  once  it  can  be  admitted — but can it? must it? — that what we call knowledge, the knowledge of some truth, is a phantasm and it is inherited, indeed, it is the phantasm of inheritance. The tradition of com-mentary is shaped by the supposed truth of inheritance: that the heir — the  commentator? — comes after that which or that from which it inherits or claims to inherit.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Kamuf, Peggy </PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Running with Derrida</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>James E. Burt</PersonName>
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              <IDValue>01y2jtd41</IDValue>
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            <Affiliation>University of Wisconsin-Madison</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The exact difference between running and jogging is not estab-lished  in  the  Oxford  English  Dictionary,  which  merely  defines  jogging  as  “to  run  at  a  gentle  pace  (esp.  as  part  of  a  ‘keep-fit’  schedule).”  When  someone  is  referred  to  as  a  jogger  the  re-sponse  will  often  be  to  correct  this,  to  assert  that  they  are,  in  fact, a runner, the activities treated as distinct despite one being a form of the other. The narrator of the “Envois” is aware of this distinction, saying that they “cannot bear that I run,” preferring him to jog. Running is privileged over jogging.It’s  not  speed  that  separates  running  from  jogging.  There  is  something  awkward  about  the  motion  of  a  jogger,  expressed  through its homonymic associations, jogging someone’s pen for example. Jogging is more restrained than running, often part of a  schedule,  something  programmed  and  therefore  predictable.  Certain people prefer the narrator to jog because it “never goes very  far”  —  a  runner’s  reach  is  greater  than  a  jogger’s.  Indeed,  jogging is “only a training,” not an activity in itself, preparation to provide some wind, “the strength to live what I risk with you.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The exact difference between running and jogging is not estab-lished  in  the  Oxford  English  Dictionary,  which  merely  defines  jogging  as  “to  run  at  a  gentle  pace  (esp.  as  part  of  a  ‘keep-fit’  schedule).”  When  someone  is  referred  to  as  a  jogger  the  re-sponse  will  often  be  to  correct  this,  to  assert  that  they  are,  in  fact, a runner, the activities treated as distinct despite one being a form of the other. The narrator of the “Envois” is aware of this distinction, saying that they “cannot bear that I run,” preferring him to jog. Running is privileged over jogging.It’s  not  speed  that  separates  running  from  jogging.  There  is  something  awkward  about  the  motion  of  a  jogger,  expressed  through its homonymic associations, jogging someone’s pen for example. Jogging is more restrained than running, often part of a  schedule,  something  programmed  and  therefore  predictable.  Certain people prefer the narrator to jog because it “never goes very  far”  —  a  runner’s  reach  is  greater  than  a  jogger’s.  Indeed,  jogging is “only a training,” not an activity in itself, preparation to provide some wind, “the strength to live what I risk with you.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Burt, James E. </PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Perception-Framing-Love</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Julian Wolfreys</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>University of Portsmouth</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;It’s always about the name. Everything comes down to this. Everything  is  due  to  the  difficulty  of  properly  naming  the  thing itself. Actually this difficulty is an impossibility, a diffi-culty whose limits can only be indefinitely pushed back. (PC, 382)Leave  this,  the  limits  being  “indefinitely”  pushed  at,  moved  backwards, further and further, to recede, the harder one tries. This involves a question of perception.Perceive: apperceive. Always there: perception.On the one hand: perception of another.On the other hand: an other perception; perception of the other.There is always another perception in perception: there remains, in  secret,  hidden  away,  just  below  the  surface,  underneath  the  tongue,  sublingually,  as  if  the  two  were  entwined,  one  tongue  insinuating  itself  with  the  other’s  tongue;  or,  say  this  the  other  way around so as to gain perspective if not to perceive correctly, the  other’s  tongue  always  already  having  insinuated  itself  un-der,  in  the  mouth  of  the  one.  So  it  is  with  the  action  of  per-ception.  So  it  is  with  perception  of  apperception,  and  what  it  means to perceive. Traveling across tongues, leaving, as it were, can you perceive this, the trace of another’s perception in your own, Latin to French to English. To perceive: seize, understand, take  entirely.  The  other’s  tongue,  in  its  being  carried  over  into  my mouth, knows me. I believe I take it on, make it conform to my will, to the power of my language — as if there were such a thing — when, and here is the other perception, perception that will never be mine, in imagining the other’s perception, percep-tion  of  the  other,  I  perceive  indirectly,  I  apperceive,  that  there,  there  is  the  other  perception,  perception  of,  on  perception.  In  taking the other, seizing its tongue, making it conform, I take on a perception that perceives without being perceived necessarily, and which, in so doing, apprehends me. I am taken entirely by the other.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;It’s always about the name. Everything comes down to this. Everything  is  due  to  the  difficulty  of  properly  naming  the  thing itself. Actually this difficulty is an impossibility, a diffi-culty whose limits can only be indefinitely pushed back. (PC, 382)Leave  this,  the  limits  being  “indefinitely”  pushed  at,  moved  backwards, further and further, to recede, the harder one tries. This involves a question of perception.Perceive: apperceive. Always there: perception.On the one hand: perception of another.On the other hand: an other perception; perception of the other.There is always another perception in perception: there remains, in  secret,  hidden  away,  just  below  the  surface,  underneath  the  tongue,  sublingually,  as  if  the  two  were  entwined,  one  tongue  insinuating  itself  with  the  other’s  tongue;  or,  say  this  the  other  way around so as to gain perspective if not to perceive correctly, the  other’s  tongue  always  already  having  insinuated  itself  un-der,  in  the  mouth  of  the  one.  So  it  is  with  the  action  of  per-ception.  So  it  is  with  perception  of  apperception,  and  what  it  means to perceive. Traveling across tongues, leaving, as it were, can you perceive this, the trace of another’s perception in your own, Latin to French to English. To perceive: seize, understand, take  entirely.  The  other’s  tongue,  in  its  being  carried  over  into  my mouth, knows me. I believe I take it on, make it conform to my will, to the power of my language — as if there were such a thing — when, and here is the other perception, perception that will never be mine, in imagining the other’s perception, percep-tion  of  the  other,  I  perceive  indirectly,  I  apperceive,  that  there,  there  is  the  other  perception,  perception  of,  on  perception.  In  taking the other, seizing its tongue, making it conform, I take on a perception that perceives without being perceived necessarily, and which, in so doing, apprehends me. I am taken entirely by the other.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Envoiles</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Post It</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Dragan Kujundžić</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>University of Florida</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;That the relationship between J. Hillis Miller and Jacques Der-rida occupies a unique place in the landscape of contemporary criticism is no secret. They have played as well a significant role in  my  intellectual  building,  having  encountered  them  some  thirty years ago. I have written about that in my “Journey With J on the Jour J,” an introduction to Derrida’s essay “Justices” on J.  Hillis  Miller,  and  Miller’s  “Isabelle’s  Kiss”  published  in  Criti-cal  Inquiry  in  2005.  There,  I  have  likened  these  two  essays  to  letters  on  the  way  “to  further  destinations  of  as  yet  uncharted  parts. Like letters, sealed with a kiss.”1 Derrida’s essay “‘Justices’” includes  a  description  of  the  scene  in  which  he  receives  a  let-ter from Miller (“Hillis” when referring to the film character, “J. Hillis Miller” or “Miller” when referring to Miller as author in further text), regarding the real name behind the “J” which has received  extensive  treatment  in  my  film  The  First  Sail:  J.  Hillis  Miller.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;That the relationship between J. Hillis Miller and Jacques Der-rida occupies a unique place in the landscape of contemporary criticism is no secret. They have played as well a significant role in  my  intellectual  building,  having  encountered  them  some  thirty years ago. I have written about that in my “Journey With J on the Jour J,” an introduction to Derrida’s essay “Justices” on J.  Hillis  Miller,  and  Miller’s  “Isabelle’s  Kiss”  published  in  Criti-cal  Inquiry  in  2005.  There,  I  have  likened  these  two  essays  to  letters  on  the  way  “to  further  destinations  of  as  yet  uncharted  parts. Like letters, sealed with a kiss.”1 Derrida’s essay “‘Justices’” includes  a  description  of  the  scene  in  which  he  receives  a  let-ter from Miller (“Hillis” when referring to the film character, “J. Hillis Miller” or “Miller” when referring to Miller as author in further text), regarding the real name behind the “J” which has received  extensive  treatment  in  my  film  The  First  Sail:  J.  Hillis  Miller.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This collection of essays is an example par excellence of the post-card  effect  so  extensively  treated  in  Jacques  Derrida’s  The  Post  Card: From Socrates to Freud and Beyond. None of these essays was ever meant to end up in my hands, being now the presumed “editor” of this volume. As if in an actual enactment of, or per-haps,  better,  faithfulness  to  the  project  of  this  publication,  its  original  addressee  returned  the  mail,  which,  poste  restante  on  the west coast of the United States, in a locale not far away from the  Jacques  Derrida  Papers  housed  at  the  Special  Collections  and Archives of UC Irvine, was forwarded to my inbox.My own encounter with Derrida’s work started with a simi-lar form of destinerrance, when I stumbled across Of Gramma-tology  in  the  philosophy  of  language  section  of  the  W.E.B.  Du  Bois  library  at  the  University  of  Massachusetts  in  Amherst.  A  graduate  student  in  linguistics,  I  was  convinced  that  the  book  was addressing me. It spoke of the origins of language, took on Saussure, and developed the notion of “trace.” Freshly trained in Chomskyan linguistics, all of these seemed so familiar to me, yet I understood nothing — as if it was written in another English, an English I could pronounce but not read.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This collection of essays is an example par excellence of the post-card  effect  so  extensively  treated  in  Jacques  Derrida’s  The  Post  Card: From Socrates to Freud and Beyond. None of these essays was ever meant to end up in my hands, being now the presumed “editor” of this volume. As if in an actual enactment of, or per-haps,  better,  faithfulness  to  the  project  of  this  publication,  its  original  addressee  returned  the  mail,  which,  poste  restante  on  the west coast of the United States, in a locale not far away from the  Jacques  Derrida  Papers  housed  at  the  Special  Collections  and Archives of UC Irvine, was forwarded to my inbox.My own encounter with Derrida’s work started with a simi-lar form of destinerrance, when I stumbled across Of Gramma-tology  in  the  philosophy  of  language  section  of  the  W.E.B.  Du  Bois  library  at  the  University  of  Massachusetts  in  Amherst.  A  graduate  student  in  linguistics,  I  was  convinced  that  the  book  was addressing me. It spoke of the origins of language, took on Saussure, and developed the notion of “trace.” Freshly trained in Chomskyan linguistics, all of these seemed so familiar to me, yet I understood nothing — as if it was written in another English, an English I could pronounce but not read.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Hack The Experience will reframe your perspective on how your audience engages your work. This will happen as you learn how to control attention through spatial and time-based techniques that you can harness as you build immersive installations or as you think about how to best arrange your work in an exhibition. You’ll learn things about the senses and how they interface with attention so that you can build in visceral forms of interactivity, engage people’s empathetic responses, and frame their moods. This book is a dense bouillon-cube of techniques that you can adapt and apply to your personal practice, and it’s a book that will walk you step-by-step through skill sets from ethnography, cognitive science, and multi-modal metaphors.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The core argument of this book is that art is a form of cognitive engineering and that the physical environment (or objects in the physical environment) can be shaped to maximize emotional and sensory experience. Many types of art will benefit from this handbook (because cognition is pervasive in our experience of art), but it is particularly relevant to immersive experiential works such as installations, participatory/interactive environments, performance art, curatorial practice, architecture and landscape architecture, complex durational works, and works requiring new models of documentation. These types of work benefit from the empirical findings of cognitive science because intentionally leveraging basic human cognition in artworks can give participants new ways of seeing the world that are cognitively relevant. This leveraging process provides a new layer in the construction of conceptually grounded works.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;What happens when we take the joke of “lesbian processing” seriously as a research method? Heavy Processing does just this, by tracing the multi-directional genealogies and vast affinities of processing-heavy methods as innovations in information technologies (operating systems, central processing units, network designs). Part methods handbook, manifesto, and survival guide, this book opens up the fields of information studies, data studies, digital media studies, and digital humanities to critical digital methods, information technologies, and infrastructures: trans- feminist and queer (TFQ) cultural protocols and ways of working.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Cowan and Rault offer heavy processing as a maximalist research method, consistent with a long and proud lesbian-leaning TFQ tradition of making a mountain out of a molehill. Heavy Processing draws together activist, artistic, and scholarly work that is both about and not about digital materials to critically reorient digital research methods calibrated for accountability, relationship-building, and trust as measures of scholarly rigor. A raging romp of a methods manual, Cowan and Rault offer an alternative to mass digitization in the form of TFQ processing for analog and born digital materials. They write for students, faculty, and researchers, as well as for information, cultural heritage, and tech-sector professionals; for anyone interested in digital media and feminist, queer, and transcultural studies; and for anyone who has ever been studied.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Cowan and Rault offer heavy processing as a maximalist research method, consistent with a long and proud lesbian-leaning TFQ tradition of making a mountain out of a molehill. Heavy Processing draws together activist, artistic, and scholarly work that is both about and not about digital materials to critically reorient digital research methods calibrated for accountability, relationship-building, and trust as measures of scholarly rigor. A raging romp of a methods manual, Cowan and Rault offer an alternative to mass digitization in the form of TFQ processing for analog and born digital materials; they write for students, faculty, and researchers, as well as for information, cultural heritage, and tech-sector professionals, for anyone interested in digital media and feminist, queer, and transcultural studies, and for anyone who has ever been studied.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;What happens when we take the joke of “lesbian processing” seriously as a research method? Heavy Processing does just this, by tracing the multi-directional genealogies and vast affinities of processing-heavy methods as innovations in information technologies (operating systems, central processing units, network designs). Part methods handbook, manifesto, and survival guide, this book opens up the fields of information studies, data studies, digital media studies, and digital humanities to critical digital methods, information technologies, and infrastructures: trans- feminist and queer (TFQ) cultural protocols and ways of working.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Cowan and Rault offer heavy processing as a maximalist research method, consistent with a long and proud lesbian-leaning TFQ tradition of making a mountain out of a molehill. Heavy Processing draws together activist, artistic, and scholarly work that is both about and not about digital materials to critically reorient digital research methods calibrated for accountability, relationship-building, and trust as measures of scholarly rigor. A raging romp of a methods manual, Cowan and Rault offer an alternative to mass digitization in the form of TFQ processing for analog and born digital materials. They write for students, faculty, and researchers, as well as for information, cultural heritage, and tech-sector professionals; for anyone interested in digital media and feminist, queer, and transcultural studies; and for anyone who has ever been studied.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Cowan and Rault offer heavy processing as a maximalist research method, consistent with a long and proud lesbian-leaning TFQ tradition of making a mountain out of a molehill. Heavy Processing draws together activist, artistic, and scholarly work that is both about and not about digital materials to critically reorient digital research methods calibrated for accountability, relationship-building, and trust as measures of scholarly rigor. A raging romp of a methods manual, Cowan and Rault offer an alternative to mass digitization in the form of TFQ processing for analog and born digital materials; they write for students, faculty, and researchers, as well as for information, cultural heritage, and tech-sector professionals, for anyone interested in digital media and feminist, queer, and transcultural studies, and for anyone who has ever been studied.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;What happens when we take the joke of “lesbian processing” seriously as a research method? Heavy Processing does just this, by tracing the multi-directional genealogies and vast affinities of processing-heavy methods as innovations in information technologies (operating systems, central processing units, network designs). Part methods handbook, manifesto, and survival guide, this book opens up the fields of information studies, data studies, digital media studies, and digital humanities to critical digital methods, information technologies, and infrastructures: trans- feminist and queer (TFQ) cultural protocols and ways of working.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Cowan and Rault offer heavy processing as a maximalist research method, consistent with a long and proud lesbian-leaning TFQ tradition of making a mountain out of a molehill. Heavy Processing draws together activist, artistic, and scholarly work that is both about and not about digital materials to critically reorient digital research methods calibrated for accountability, relationship-building, and trust as measures of scholarly rigor. A raging romp of a methods manual, Cowan and Rault offer an alternative to mass digitization in the form of TFQ processing for analog and born digital materials. They write for students, faculty, and researchers, as well as for information, cultural heritage, and tech-sector professionals; for anyone interested in digital media and feminist, queer, and transcultural studies; and for anyone who has ever been studied.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Cowan and Rault offer heavy processing as a maximalist research method, consistent with a long and proud lesbian-leaning TFQ tradition of making a mountain out of a molehill. Heavy Processing draws together activist, artistic, and scholarly work that is both about and not about digital materials to critically reorient digital research methods calibrated for accountability, relationship-building, and trust as measures of scholarly rigor. A raging romp of a methods manual, Cowan and Rault offer an alternative to mass digitization in the form of TFQ processing for analog and born digital materials; they write for students, faculty, and researchers, as well as for information, cultural heritage, and tech-sector professionals, for anyone interested in digital media and feminist, queer, and transcultural studies, and for anyone who has ever been studied.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;What happens when we take the joke of “lesbian processing” seriously as a research method? Heavy Processing does just this, by tracing the multi-directional genealogies and vast affinities of processing-heavy methods as innovations in information technologies (operating systems, central processing units, network designs). Part methods handbook, manifesto, and survival guide, this book opens up the fields of information studies, data studies, digital media studies, and digital humanities to critical digital methods, information technologies, and infrastructures: trans- feminist and queer (TFQ) cultural protocols and ways of working.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Cowan and Rault offer heavy processing as a maximalist research method, consistent with a long and proud lesbian-leaning TFQ tradition of making a mountain out of a molehill. Heavy Processing draws together activist, artistic, and scholarly work that is both about and not about digital materials to critically reorient digital research methods calibrated for accountability, relationship-building, and trust as measures of scholarly rigor. A raging romp of a methods manual, Cowan and Rault offer an alternative to mass digitization in the form of TFQ processing for analog and born digital materials. They write for students, faculty, and researchers, as well as for information, cultural heritage, and tech-sector professionals; for anyone interested in digital media and feminist, queer, and transcultural studies; and for anyone who has ever been studied.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Cowan and Rault offer heavy processing as a maximalist research method, consistent with a long and proud lesbian-leaning TFQ tradition of making a mountain out of a molehill. Heavy Processing draws together activist, artistic, and scholarly work that is both about and not about digital materials to critically reorient digital research methods calibrated for accountability, relationship-building, and trust as measures of scholarly rigor. A raging romp of a methods manual, Cowan and Rault offer an alternative to mass digitization in the form of TFQ processing for analog and born digital materials; they write for students, faculty, and researchers, as well as for information, cultural heritage, and tech-sector professionals, for anyone interested in digital media and feminist, queer, and transcultural studies, and for anyone who has ever been studied.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Part art history essay, part experimental fiction, part theoretical manifesto on the politics of equivalence, Helicography examines questions of scale in relation to Robert Smithson’s iconic 1970 artwork Spiral Jetty. In an essay and film made to accompany the earthwork, Smithson invites us to imagine the stone helix of his structure at various orders of magnitude, from microscopic molecules to entire galaxies.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Taking up this invitation with an unrelenting and literal enthusiasm, Helicography pursues the implications of such transformations all the way to the limits of logic. If other spirals, from the natural to the man-made, were expanded or condensed to the size of Spiral Jetty, what are the consequences of their physical metamorphoses? What other equivalences follow in turn, and where do their surprising historical, cultural, and mechanical connections lead? This book considers a number of forms in order to find out: the fluid vortices of whirlpools, hurricanes, and galaxies; the delicate shells of snails and the threatening pose of rattlesnakes; prehistoric ferns and the turns of the inner ear; the monstrous jaws of ancient sharks; a baroque finial scroll on a bass viol; a 19th-century watch spring; phonograph discs and spooled film; the largest open-pit mine on the planet.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The result is a narrative laboratory for the “science of imaginary solutions” proposed by Alfred Jarry (whose King Ubu also plays a central role in the story told here), a work of fictocriticism blurring form and content, and the story of a single instant in time lost in the deserts of the intermountain west.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Historiographies of Game Studies offers a first-of-its-kind reflection on how game studies as an academic field has been shaped and sustained. Today, game studies is a thriving field with many dedicated national and international conferences, journals, professional societies, and a strong presence at conferences in disciplines like computer science, communication, media studies, theater, visual arts, popular culture, and others. But, when did game studies start? And what (and who) is at the core or center of game studies? Fields are defined as much by what they are not as by what they are, and their borderlands can be hotly contested spaces.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In this anthology, scholars from across the field consider how the boundaries of game studies have been established, codified, contested, and protected, raising critical questions about who and what gets left out of the field. Over more than two dozen chapters and interviews with leading figures, including Espen Aarseth, Kishonna Gray, Henry Jenkins, Lisa Nakamura, Kentaro Matsumoto, Ken McAllister, and Janet Murray, the contributors offer a dazzling array of insightful provocations that address the formation, propagation, and cultivation of game studies, interrogating not only the field’s pasts but its potential futures and asking us to think deliberately about how academic fields are collectively built.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In this interview, Bianca Batti asks Janet Murray to reflect on the work of women in game studies, as well as her own journey toward and within the field. Murray discusses the resistance she has faced as a scholar who centers game design as cultural practice, examines the continuing impact of what she calls the “misogyny of the game community,” and explores her hopes for the future of game studies. By centering a historiography of Murray’s contributions to game studies praxis, Batti and Murray’s conversation actively historicizes women’s past and present experiences in game studies, models generative collaborations between established and emerging scholars, and provides a framework for (re)imagining a more networked, equitable, and collaborative future for the field.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In this interview, Bianca Batti asks Janet Murray to reflect on the work of women in game studies, as well as her own journey toward and within the field. Murray discusses the resistance she has faced as a scholar who centers game design as cultural practice, examines the continuing impact of what she calls the “misogyny of the game community,” and explores her hopes for the future of game studies. By centering a historiography of Murray’s contributions to game studies praxis, Batti and Murray’s conversation actively historicizes women’s past and present experiences in game studies, models generative collaborations between established and emerging scholars, and provides a framework for (re)imagining a more networked, equitable, and collaborative future for the field.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Emma Vossen (she/her) is an Assistant Professor of Game Studies in the Department of Digital Humanities at Brock University, Canada. Her work focuses on the intersections of politics, identity, and technology, particularly in the context of digital games. She has been an outspoken and ongoing voice in the discussion around online radicalization, digital violence, and contemporary fascism since 2013. Many publications, including ABC News, CBC News, NBC News, Wired, Maclean's Magazine, The Washington Post, University Affairs Magazine, Toxic Avenger Magazine, and Electronic Gaming Monthly, have interviewed her about her work. In 2016, CBC Ideas produced "The Dangerous Game: Gamergate and the 'Alt-Right,'" a 40-minute radio documentary about her dissertation research, which was broadcast nationally. Vossen is an award-winning public speaker and the co-author and co-editor of the books Feminism in Play (Palgrace Macmillan, 2018) and the former editor-in-chief of First Person Scholar.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Vossen outlines her experiences in the game studies community from 2012 to 2022 focusing on the ludology vs narratology debate's impact on herself and other game scholars. She argues that these “debates” alienated many scholars looking to become part of the field by outlining a “right” and “wrong” way to study games. Vossen discusses how essays like “Genre Trouble” and the larger ludology vs narratology debate made her feel unwelcome as someone with a PhD in English examining issues of culture and gender in games. In the tradition of historiography, Vossen examines how the histories of the debate have been recorded, reinterpreted, perceived, and felt by multiple generations of scholars.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Vossen argues that the debate is the story of how the work of a few men who used similar theories and methods were canonized. Consequently, games-related work that uses other methodologies, often favoured by women and queer people, are marginalized and pushed to the fringes of the field. Vossen concludes that it is only by continuously discussing and addressing the failures of these early debates and their impact on game studies that we can undo the harm they have caused.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Vossen outlines her experiences in the game studies community from 2012 to 2022 focusing on the ludology vs narratology debate's impact on herself and other game scholars. She argues that these “debates” alienated many scholars looking to become part of the field by outlining a “right” and “wrong” way to study games. Vossen discusses how essays like “Genre Trouble” and the larger ludology vs narratology debate made her feel unwelcome as someone with a PhD in English examining issues of culture and gender in games. In the tradition of historiography, Vossen examines how the histories of the debate have been recorded, reinterpreted, perceived, and felt by multiple generations of scholars.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Vossen argues that the debate is the story of how the work of a few men who used similar theories and methods were canonized. Consequently, games-related work that uses other methodologies, often favoured by women and queer people, are marginalized and pushed to the fringes of the field. Vossen concludes that it is only by continuously discussing and addressing the failures of these early debates and their impact on game studies that we can undo the harm they have caused.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Why Are You Being an Ass on the Internet?</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Jennifer deWinter</PersonName>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Jennifer deWinter (she/her) is Dean of Lewis College of Science and Letters at the Illinois Institute of Technology and affiliated faculty in the College of Computing and the Institute of Design. In her research, she analyzes anime, comics, and computer games as part of global media flows in order to understand how such concepts as “art,” “culture,” and “entertainment” are negotiated, with specific focus on Japan and the US. She is the author of Shigeru Miyamoto: Super Mario Bros., Donkey Kong, The Legend of Zelda (Bloomsbury, 2015) and co-editor of Video Game Policy: Production, Distribution and Consumption (Routledge, 2015) and Computer Games and Technical Communication: Critical Methods and Applications at the Intersection (Routledge, 2016). More recently, she is co-editing a book tentatively titled Multidisciplinary Mario: The Tensions of Game Studies as a Discipline with Gillian Smith and Hana Hanifah.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Vossen outlines her experiences in the game studies community from 2012 to 2022 focusing on the ludology vs narratology debate's impact on herself and other game scholars. She argues that these “debates” alienated many scholars looking to become part of the field by outlining a “right” and “wrong” way to study games. Vossen discusses how essays like “Genre Trouble” and the larger ludology vs narratology debate made her feel unwelcome as someone with a PhD in English examining issues of culture and gender in games. In the tradition of historiography, Vossen examines how the histories of the debate have been recorded, reinterpreted, perceived, and felt by multiple generations of scholars.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Vossen argues that the debate is the story of how the work of a few men who used similar theories and methods were canonized. Consequently, games-related work that uses other methodologies, often favoured by women and queer people, are marginalized and pushed to the fringes of the field. Vossen concludes that it is only by continuously discussing and addressing the failures of these early debates and their impact on game studies that we can undo the harm they have caused.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Vossen outlines her experiences in the game studies community from 2012 to 2022 focusing on the ludology vs narratology debate's impact on herself and other game scholars. She argues that these “debates” alienated many scholars looking to become part of the field by outlining a “right” and “wrong” way to study games. Vossen discusses how essays like “Genre Trouble” and the larger ludology vs narratology debate made her feel unwelcome as someone with a PhD in English examining issues of culture and gender in games. In the tradition of historiography, Vossen examines how the histories of the debate have been recorded, reinterpreted, perceived, and felt by multiple generations of scholars.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Vossen argues that the debate is the story of how the work of a few men who used similar theories and methods were canonized. Consequently, games-related work that uses other methodologies, often favoured by women and queer people, are marginalized and pushed to the fringes of the field. Vossen concludes that it is only by continuously discussing and addressing the failures of these early debates and their impact on game studies that we can undo the harm they have caused.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Definitions and Misunderstandings in Game Studies</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">An Interview with Espen Aarseth</Subtitle>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Cody Mejeur (they/them) is Assistant Professor of Game Studies at University at Buffalo, SUNY. Their work uses games to theorize narrative as an embodied and playful process that constructs how we understand ourselves, our realities, and our differences. They have published on games pedagogy, gender and queerness in games, and video game narratives and player experiences, and they are currently the game director for Trans Folks Walking, a narrative game about trans experiences. They are Director of the Amatryx Gaming Lab &amp;amp; Studio at UB and work with the LGBTQ Video Game Archive on preserving and visualizing LGBTQ representation. They are an executive council member for the International Society for the Study of Narrative and they served as Diversity Officer for the Digital Games Research Association.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Espen Aarseth (he/him) is Professor of Game Studies and head of the Center for Computer Games Research at the IT University of Copenhagen. He holds a Cand.Philol. in comparative literature and a Dr.Art. in humanistic informatics, both from the University of Bergen. He is co-founding Editor-in-Chief of the journal Game Studies (2001–) and author of Cybertext: Perspectives on Ergodic Literature (Johns Hopkins University Press, 1997), a foundational text in the fields of electronic literature, game studies, and new media studies. He received an ERC Advanced Grant for the project MSG — Making Sense of Games (2016–2021).&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Espen Aarseth is professor of game studies and head of the PhD School at the IT University of Copenhagen. He has served as the Editor-in-Chief of Game Studies: The International Journal of Computer Game Research since its founding in 2000. Frequently referred to as a founding figure in game studies and a prominent ludologist, he knows the arguments of the field through the years well through firsthand experience and many publications, including the still frequently cited Cybertext: Perspectives on Ergodic Literature. Aarseth’s work has frequently investigated the ontologies and typologies of games, and his recent research has examined the theories and uses of characters as they exist in games and other media. In this interview, Aarseth and Mejeur talk about Aarseth’s work in game studies, including his perspective on the disagreements, tensions, and misunderstandings in the field, as well as his hopes for its interdisciplinary futures. Topics include the process of establishing an interdisciplinary field, how game studies relates to other media and fields, academic departments and structures for game studies, regional differences in game studies, and current and future trends in the field.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Espen Aarseth is professor of game studies and head of the PhD School at the IT University of Copenhagen. He has served as the Editor-in-Chief of Game Studies: The International Journal of Computer Game Research since its founding in 2000. Frequently referred to as a founding figure in game studies and a prominent ludologist, he knows the arguments of the field through the years well through firsthand experience and many publications, including the still frequently cited Cybertext: Perspectives on Ergodic Literature. Aarseth’s work has frequently investigated the ontologies and typologies of games, and his recent research has examined the theories and uses of characters as they exist in games and other media. In this interview, Aarseth and Mejeur talk about Aarseth’s work in game studies, including his perspective on the disagreements, tensions, and misunderstandings in the field, as well as his hopes for its interdisciplinary futures. Topics include the process of establishing an interdisciplinary field, how game studies relates to other media and fields, academic departments and structures for game studies, regional differences in game studies, and current and future trends in the field.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Redirecting Ludification</TitleText>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Dennis Jansen (he/him) is a PhD candidate in the Department of Media and Culture Studies at Utrecht University. He was awarded a PhD in the Humanities grant by the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) for the project “The Becoming-Playful of Warfare in the Netherlands” (2021–2025). His research focuses on the the mobilization of play in the Dutch military-innovation complex and the increasing usage of training simulations, serious games, and drones by the Dutch Armed Forces. His previous work has appeared in Transformative Works and Cultures, Press Start, DiGRA, Interactive Storytelling, and First Person Scholar.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This chapter concerns the ludification of the university and the academic politics of game studies. It takes Joost Raessens’ work on the ludification of culture and the politics of serious games as emblematic of game studies’ general disinclination to fully reckon with the role of military technoscience and contemporary capitalism in shaping digital play. The chapter argues that the conceptual tools Raessens offers should be applied not just to games and culture, but to game studies itself and the university as well. Doing so allows us to critique the ongoing instrumentalization of play in the neoliberal university through its institutional interest in games as educational tools, the involvement of the defense industry in game research projects, and the technological acceleration of academic life.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This chapter concerns the ludification of the university and the academic politics of game studies. It takes Joost Raessens’ work on the ludification of culture and the politics of serious games as emblematic of game studies’ general disinclination to fully reckon with the role of military technoscience and contemporary capitalism in shaping digital play. The chapter argues that the conceptual tools Raessens offers should be applied not just to games and culture, but to game studies itself and the university as well. Doing so allows us to critique the ongoing instrumentalization of play in the neoliberal university through its institutional interest in games as educational tools, the involvement of the defense industry in game research projects, and the technological acceleration of academic life.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">What Video Games Have Taught Us</TitleText>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Kirk M. Lundblade (he/him) received his PhD from the Texts &amp;amp; Technology program at the University of Central Florida, and he is currently a postdoctoral researcher and applications programmer for the RICHES (Regional Initiative for Collecting History, Experiences, and Stories) project in the Department of History there. His research broadly examines how digital historical games shape and are shaped by popular conceptions of history, with his dissertation examining how the Crusader Kings community’s discrete constituencies engage with the cyclical (re)production and remediation of popular historical knowledge. His work has been published in the Journal of Gaming &amp;amp; Virtual Worlds as well as the Foundations of Digital Games proceedings.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This chapter examines boundary formation between game studies and games and learning in the past two decades. Beginning with the (re)formation of the field in the early 00s, the chapter focuses on the work of James Paul Gee–author of the pivotal monograph What Video Games Have Taught Us: Two Decades of Gaming and Learning–during this early period. A thorough examination of this scholarship suggests a necessary recontextualization of the popular narrative of decline, decay, and retreat offered in recent assessments of game studies.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Examination of Gee’s work and that of others during this period reveals less of a genuine move towards transdisciplinary scholarship and instead a more instrumental form of multidisciplinarity rooted in a shared desire for scholarly legitimacy; this multidisciplinary argument relies on a utopian framing to bind the scholars on either side of the nascent boundary in this early effort. The now-distinct separation between game studies and games and learning is revealed via close reading of this early scholarship’s attitudes towards capitalism and its role in the future of games. Finally, this work argues that–instead of a narrative of decline and failure–the evolution of game studies during this period is best characterized as a critical maturation which seeks to reflexively examine the conceptual flaws in the field’s early nods to cross-disciplinary work.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This chapter examines boundary formation between game studies and games and learning in the past two decades. Beginning with the (re)formation of the field in the early 00s, the chapter focuses on the work of James Paul Gee–author of the pivotal monograph What Video Games Have Taught Us: Two Decades of Gaming and Learning–during this early period. A thorough examination of this scholarship suggests a necessary recontextualization of the popular narrative of decline, decay, and retreat offered in recent assessments of game studies.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Examination of Gee’s work and that of others during this period reveals less of a genuine move towards transdisciplinary scholarship and instead a more instrumental form of multidisciplinarity rooted in a shared desire for scholarly legitimacy; this multidisciplinary argument relies on a utopian framing to bind the scholars on either side of the nascent boundary in this early effort. The now-distinct separation between game studies and games and learning is revealed via close reading of this early scholarship’s attitudes towards capitalism and its role in the future of games. Finally, this work argues that–instead of a narrative of decline and failure–the evolution of game studies during this period is best characterized as a critical maturation which seeks to reflexively examine the conceptual flaws in the field’s early nods to cross-disciplinary work.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Video or Digital?</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Exploring the Use of Terminology and Connected Approaches in the History of Game Studies</Subtitle>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Jasper van Vught (he/him) is Assistant Professor of New Media and Games in the Department of Media and Culture Studies at Utrecht University. His research focuses on game theory and methodology, game ethics, and game history. He is part of the Centre for the Study of Digital Games and Play, has worked within an international research project into the age classification of games and has been involved with the Netherlands Institute for Sound and Vision to preserve and canonize Dutch game history. He co-authored the book Videogame Formalism: On Form, Aesthetic Experience and Methodology (Amsterdam University Press, 2023).&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Joris Veerbeek (he/him) is Lecturer at the department of Media and Culture studies at Utrecht University and junior researcher at Utrecht Data School. He specializes in computational text analysis for humanities research and conducts research on the dynamics of the public debate on social media and in traditional media, with a specific focus on the role of social institutions.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In this chapter, we use several computational text analyses methods to map the trends in game studies over the years connected to the use of specific terminology for our object of study (video game, computer game, digital game). Looking into a corpus of all the research articles published from 1999 onwards from a variety of game studies journals, we show how these terms are not just hollow descriptive categories but point to a cognitive reference point of more fitting approaches and points of interest. This becomes apparent in our finding that the term ‘video game’ correlates with scholarship on a variety of representational elements (e.g., ‘queer studies’, ‘game narrative’ and ‘gender studies’) much more so than the terms ‘digital game’ and ‘computer game’ do. It seems the visual emphasis of the prefix ‘video’ is (most likely unconsciously) inviting interest in the visual output of the medium, whereas ‘computer game’ and ‘digital game’ invite interest in its technological and medium-specific aspects. These findings serve as words of warning to be conscious of the terms we use for our object of study and the way in which these terms have and will encourage specific directions of our field.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In this chapter, we use several computational text analyses methods to map the trends in game studies over the years connected to the use of specific terminology for our object of study (video game, computer game, digital game). Looking into a corpus of all the research articles published from 1999 onwards from a variety of game studies journals, we show how these terms are not just hollow descriptive categories but point to a cognitive reference point of more fitting approaches and points of interest. This becomes apparent in our finding that the term ‘video game’ correlates with scholarship on a variety of representational elements (e.g., ‘queer studies’, ‘game narrative’ and ‘gender studies’) much more so than the terms ‘digital game’ and ‘computer game’ do. It seems the visual emphasis of the prefix ‘video’ is (most likely unconsciously) inviting interest in the visual output of the medium, whereas ‘computer game’ and ‘digital game’ invite interest in its technological and medium-specific aspects. These findings serve as words of warning to be conscious of the terms we use for our object of study and the way in which these terms have and will encourage specific directions of our field.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Of Parents and Siblings, Disciplines and Debates:</TitleText>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Tobias Unterhuber (he/him) studied modern German literature, comparative literature, and study of religion at LMU Munich and at the University of California, Berkeley. In 2018, he earned his PhD with his thesis on the works of Swiss author Christian Kracht. He is a post-doc for literature and media studies at the University of Innsbruck, where he also leads the game studies research group. His research interests include game studies, gender studies, discourse analysis, media history, specifically the media cultural history of games and play. He is co-editor of the game studies journal PAIDIA and the Zeitschrift für Fantastikforschung.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The inherent methodological pluralism of the humanities has shaped game studies from the very start.  Especially because as a field mostly defined by its research object, it not only draws on the traditions and established structures of one but of a plethora of disciplines. As an interdisciplinary /transdisciplinary field, game studies with its rudimentary institutionalization multiplied the methodological pluralism of its parental fields. Thus, the ludology versus narratology debate can be understood as an attempt to establish game studies as its own field and to separate it from its parental disciplines, especially literary studies. The approach of media culture studies offers a different framework for these relationships: fields concerned with different media formations under similar research interests, thus siblings. However, simultaneously, game studies is still informed by the concepts, structures and discussions of its former parental disciplines, especially conceptualizations what a research field even is. This macro-level does also influence the formation of research on a micro-level, e.g. the possibility of research groups evolving into schools of thought. The paper takes an exemplary look at the “Game Studies &amp;amp; Cultural Studies colloquium Munich” and the possibility of a “Munich school” and of schools of thought in game studies in general.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The inherent methodological pluralism of the humanities has shaped game studies from the very start.  Especially because as a field mostly defined by its research object, it not only draws on the traditions and established structures of one but of a plethora of disciplines. As an interdisciplinary /transdisciplinary field, game studies with its rudimentary institutionalization multiplied the methodological pluralism of its parental fields. Thus, the ludology versus narratology debate can be understood as an attempt to establish game studies as its own field and to separate it from its parental disciplines, especially literary studies. The approach of media culture studies offers a different framework for these relationships: fields concerned with different media formations under similar research interests, thus siblings. However, simultaneously, game studies is still informed by the concepts, structures and discussions of its former parental disciplines, especially conceptualizations what a research field even is. This macro-level does also influence the formation of research on a micro-level, e.g. the possibility of research groups evolving into schools of thought. The paper takes an exemplary look at the “Game Studies &amp;amp; Cultural Studies colloquium Munich” and the possibility of a “Munich school” and of schools of thought in game studies in general.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Queering the Game Studies Canon</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">A Polemical Reading of Roger Caillois’s "Man, Play and Games"</Subtitle>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Bo Ruberg (they/them) is Associate Professor in the Department of Film and Media Studies at the University of California, Irvine and the co-editor of the Journal of Cinema and Media Studies. Their research explores gender and sexuality in digital media and digital cultures. They are the author of Video Games Have Always Been Queer (New York University Press, 2019), The Queer Games Avant-Garde: How LGBTQ Game Makers Are Reimagining the Medium of Video Games (Duke University Press, 2020), and Sex Dolls at Sea: Imagined Histories of Sexual Technologies (MIT Press, 2022). They are also the co-editor of Queer Game Studies (University of Minnesota Press, 2017) and Real Life in Real Time: Live Streaming Culture (MIT Press, 2023).&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Game studies is changing, as many scholars have noted, moving increasingly toward much-needed discussions of identity, culture, and power. Part of this shift has been the rise of queer game studies. However, the presumption that queerness is a relatively new topic for game studies overlooks the fact that, in certain key ways, queerness has been here all along. This chapter addresses one piece of video games’ queer past—namely, queer material that can be unearthed from the seemingly “straight” game studies canon—and explains how overlooking that past has continued to affect the present. A close reading of Roger Caillois’ 1958 Man, Play and Games, a foundational work for formalist game studies, reveals that the text can be read as deeply queer. Scenes of non-normative gender and sexual expression permeate the book, which foregrounds the relationship between play and queer pleasure. Ultimately, the goal of this chapter is not to reclaim Man, Play and Games, which is itself marred by racist and colonialist thinking. Instead, it serves as an indictment of game studies for distancing itself from the queerness of the very texts it claims as canon. Game studies has always been queer but the field has been built on disavowing that queerness.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Game studies is changing, as many scholars have noted, moving increasingly toward much-needed discussions of identity, culture, and power. Part of this shift has been the rise of queer game studies. However, the presumption that queerness is a relatively new topic for game studies overlooks the fact that, in certain key ways, queerness has been here all along. This chapter addresses one piece of video games’ queer past—namely, queer material that can be unearthed from the seemingly “straight” game studies canon—and explains how overlooking that past has continued to affect the present. A close reading of Roger Caillois’ 1958 Man, Play and Games, a foundational work for formalist game studies, reveals that the text can be read as deeply queer. Scenes of non-normative gender and sexual expression permeate the book, which foregrounds the relationship between play and queer pleasure. Ultimately, the goal of this chapter is not to reclaim Man, Play and Games, which is itself marred by racist and colonialist thinking. Instead, it serves as an indictment of game studies for distancing itself from the queerness of the very texts it claims as canon. Game studies has always been queer but the field has been built on disavowing that queerness.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Ken S. McAllister</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Innovation, Collaboration, Humanities? Yes!</Subtitle>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Judd Ethan Ruggill (he/him) is Associate Dean of Academic Services in the Graduate College at the University of Arizona. He primarily researches play and the technologies, industries, and sociocultural phenomena that enable it. He has published and presented on topics ranging from archiving to xenolinguistics, and is currently working on a book with colleague Ken McAllister about collecting and preserving games.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In this interview, game studies pioneer Ken S. McAllister recounts coming to study games for a living, and how a career-threatening technology failure that wiped out a book project on miniaturization was actually a gift, creating the opportunity for him to write the first English-language book on the rhetoric of video games. In so doing, he recalls the inhospitable institutional and professional culture game studies scholars often encountered in the early days of the field, and the ways in which that culture provoked praxical and occasionally outlandish experiments in response. One of McAllister’s signature experiments from that era is the Learning Games Initiative, a transdisciplinary, inter-institutional research group he co-founded in 1999 to study, teach with, and build games. McAllister shares the origins of the group and highlights its longest running project, the Learning Games Initiative Research Archive. The Archive has since become one of the largest working collections of video game-related artifacts in the world and a laboratory for the theory and practice of electronic game collection, preservation, and conservation. McAllister draws on the collaborative, collegial, and international approaches he has explored through the Initiative and its Archive to speak to current and future game researchers.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In this interview, game studies pioneer Ken S. McAllister recounts coming to study games for a living, and how a career-threatening technology failure that wiped out a book project on miniaturization was actually a gift, creating the opportunity for him to write the first English-language book on the rhetoric of video games. In so doing, he recalls the inhospitable institutional and professional culture game studies scholars often encountered in the early days of the field, and the ways in which that culture provoked praxical and occasionally outlandish experiments in response. One of McAllister’s signature experiments from that era is the Learning Games Initiative, a transdisciplinary, inter-institutional research group he co-founded in 1999 to study, teach with, and build games. McAllister shares the origins of the group and highlights its longest running project, the Learning Games Initiative Research Archive. The Archive has since become one of the largest working collections of video game-related artifacts in the world and a laboratory for the theory and practice of electronic game collection, preservation, and conservation. McAllister draws on the collaborative, collegial, and international approaches he has explored through the Initiative and its Archive to speak to current and future game researchers.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Re-Historicizing Game Studies with C.L.R. James</TitleText>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Cameron Kunzelman (he/him) is Assistant Professor of Communication Studies and Theatre at Mercer University. He podcasts on the Ranged Touch network.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Michael Lutz (he/him) is an independent scholar, game developer, and narrative designer. He podcasts with the Ranged Touch network.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This essay considers what games studies might look like if Marxist critic C.L.R. James’ 1963 work of cultural criticism and biography Beyond A Boundary were accepted as a core, critical text in lieu of contemporary work that, while unquestionably central to the discipline, is primarily concerned with abstracted and typological models in attempts to theorize both games and play as universal ideals locatable outside history and culture. By contrast, James begins from his lived experience, focusing on the deep interrelations between his home of Trinidad, the sport of cricket, and colonial rule. James draws direct lines between the material political conditions of Trinidadians, including the racial codes of the British Empire, and how cricket was used to navigate the early 20th century mores around race and class on the island. We understand James as a theorist of play who engages the relationship between play and politics. It is undeniable that James produces a theory of play that is moveable and locatable beyond the circumstances delimited in the book, but it is the genre of his writing, and the way his reception is structured on racial grounds, that has prevented game studies from engaging with him directly.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This essay considers what games studies might look like if Marxist critic C.L.R. James’ 1963 work of cultural criticism and biography Beyond A Boundary were accepted as a core, critical text in lieu of contemporary work that, while unquestionably central to the discipline, is primarily concerned with abstracted and typological models in attempts to theorize both games and play as universal ideals locatable outside history and culture. By contrast, James begins from his lived experience, focusing on the deep interrelations between his home of Trinidad, the sport of cricket, and colonial rule. James draws direct lines between the material political conditions of Trinidadians, including the racial codes of the British Empire, and how cricket was used to navigate the early 20th century mores around race and class on the island. We understand James as a theorist of play who engages the relationship between play and politics. It is undeniable that James produces a theory of play that is moveable and locatable beyond the circumstances delimited in the book, but it is the genre of his writing, and the way his reception is structured on racial grounds, that has prevented game studies from engaging with him directly.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">A Story or a Machine?</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Revisiting the Work of Bohuslav Blažek, the Czechoslovak Pioneer of Game Studies</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Jaroslav Švelch</PersonName>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Jaroslav Švelch (he/him) is Associate Professor of Media Studies at Charles University, Prague, and a part-time Associate Professor of Game Studies with the Film and TV Faculty of Academy of Performing Arts in Prague. In his first monograph Gaming the Iron Curtain: How Teenagers and Amateurs in Communist Czechoslovakia Claimed the Medium of Computer Games (MIT Press, 2018), he traces the hidden histories of home computing and gaming in the former Soviet bloc. His second book, Player vs. Monster: The Making and Breaking of Video Game Monstrosity (MIT Press, 2023), offers a cultural history and a critique of the role of monsters in video games. He has also published work on local game production, humor in games, and video game voice acting. He is a co-founder of the Central and Eastern European Game Studies (CEEGS) conference and the inaugural chair of DiGRA Central and Eastern Europe (2022–).&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This chapter introduces the game scholarship of Bohuslav Blažek, a forgotten Czechoslovak pioneer of game studies who published several texts on games in the late 1980s as well as the book The Labyrinth of Computer Games (Bludiště počítačových her), published in 1990 but written in the final years of the Communist regime. Trained as a philosopher, psychologist, and filmmaker and better known for his work on theatre, media, and environmental issues, Blažek drew from an eclectic selection of literature and promoted play (including computer games) as a way towards a more participatory and communal post-industrial society. His 1990 book contains a sophisticated inquiry into the structure of computer games as a medium, anticipating some of the formative questions of game studies. One section headline asks whether computer games were “stories or machines,” predating the so-called “ludology versus narratology” debate by about a decade. Moreover, the book embodies an inclusive and interdisciplinary vision of games research that remains inspiring to this day. This chapter revisits Blažek’s writings on computer games and situates them in the background of his intellectual biography and the historical context of late socialist Czechoslovakia, offering an alternative to the Western-centric and Anglo-Saxon histories of the intellectual inquiry into digital games.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This chapter introduces the game scholarship of Bohuslav Blažek, a forgotten Czechoslovak pioneer of game studies who published several texts on games in the late 1980s as well as the book The Labyrinth of Computer Games (Bludiště počítačových her), published in 1990 but written in the final years of the Communist regime. Trained as a philosopher, psychologist, and filmmaker and better known for his work on theatre, media, and environmental issues, Blažek drew from an eclectic selection of literature and promoted play (including computer games) as a way towards a more participatory and communal post-industrial society. His 1990 book contains a sophisticated inquiry into the structure of computer games as a medium, anticipating some of the formative questions of game studies. One section headline asks whether computer games were “stories or machines,” predating the so-called “ludology versus narratology” debate by about a decade. Moreover, the book embodies an inclusive and interdisciplinary vision of games research that remains inspiring to this day. This chapter revisits Blažek’s writings on computer games and situates them in the background of his intellectual biography and the historical context of late socialist Czechoslovakia, offering an alternative to the Western-centric and Anglo-Saxon histories of the intellectual inquiry into digital games.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">On the Political Function of Triflers and Spoilsports in Game Studies</TitleText>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Liam Mitchell (he/him) is Associate Professor of Cultural Studies at Trent University in Peterborough, Canada. His work theorizes the relationship between media, culture, and the political by paying close attention to particular technological artifacts, practices, and phenomena, particularly those objects associated with digital and social media. He is the author of Ludopolitics: Videogames against Control (Zer0 Books, 2018).&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Conventional gameplay requires that players follow rules and aim for goals. Unconventional gameplay does not: cheats ignore rules, triflers ignore goals, and spoilsports ignore both. These unconventional modes of gameplay seem to be perennial preoccupations for those scholars concerned with the relationship between games and life, or with a political reading of games. Since the field’s inception, game studies scholars have conceived of these unconventional modes of play in metonymical or indexical terms, turning cheats, triflers, and spoilsports into different kinds of social actors who trouble the laws and conventions of society in different ways. Setting aside the comparatively straightforward rule breaking of the cheat, in this chapter I review four books – John Huizinga’s Homo Ludens, Bernard Suits’ The Grasshopper, James Carse’s Finite and Infinite Games, and McKenzie Wark’s Gamer Theory – that cast the trifler and spoilsport as complicated agents of social change.  By demonstrating the affinity between these texts, I resituate the figures of the trifler and the spoilsport in the field of game studies and identify a normative and philosophical framework for thinking about games that is grounded in a radical critique of the present.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Conventional gameplay requires that players follow rules and aim for goals. Unconventional gameplay does not: cheats ignore rules, triflers ignore goals, and spoilsports ignore both. These unconventional modes of gameplay seem to be perennial preoccupations for those scholars concerned with the relationship between games and life, or with a political reading of games. Since the field’s inception, game studies scholars have conceived of these unconventional modes of play in metonymical or indexical terms, turning cheats, triflers, and spoilsports into different kinds of social actors who trouble the laws and conventions of society in different ways. Setting aside the comparatively straightforward rule breaking of the cheat, in this chapter I review four books – John Huizinga’s Homo Ludens, Bernard Suits’ The Grasshopper, James Carse’s Finite and Infinite Games, and McKenzie Wark’s Gamer Theory – that cast the trifler and spoilsport as complicated agents of social change.  By demonstrating the affinity between these texts, I resituate the figures of the trifler and the spoilsport in the field of game studies and identify a normative and philosophical framework for thinking about games that is grounded in a radical critique of the present.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">My Mother Was a Jump Rope Rhyme</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">A Game Studies That Might Have Been</Subtitle>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Carly A. Kocurek (she/her) is Professor of Digital Humanities and Media Studies at the Illinois Institute of Technology. She researches the cultural history of video games with an emphasis on gender identity. Her books include Coin-Operated Americans: Rebooting Boyhood at the Video Game Arcade (University of Minnesota Press, 2015) and Brenda Laurel: Pioneering Games for Girls (Bloomsbury, 2017), and, with Matthew Thomas Payne, Ultima and Worldbuilding in the Computer Role-Playing Game (Amherst, 2024). She is researching the history and impact of the games for girls movement as part of a project funded by the National Science Foundation. Her articles have appeared in outlets including The American Journal of Play, Feminist Media Histories, Game Studies, Velvet Light Trap, and others.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Children arguing over the rules of tag know that games are complex negotiations of power systems drawn from their material, political, and social context. Awareness of these power dynamics has long been a central concern in play studies. However, game studies is frequently situated as separate from play studies and continues to draw on Huizinga’s legacy, often replicating an elitism and naivete that Margaret Carlisle Duncan first pointed out 40 years ago. This chapter imagines a game studies more closely aligned with play studies. Considering the key findings of researchers such as Carlisle Duncan, Miriam Forman-Brunell, Brenda Laurel, Kyra Gaunt, Vivan Gussin Paley, Linda Hughes, Maria Montessori, and Iona and Peter Opie this chapter interrogates how the relative marginality of these thinkers in game studies reflects an entrenched masculinist impulse to devalue both women thinkers and young girls and their concerns. By engaging works such as Gaunt’s groundbreaking study of Black girls’ jump rope rhymes and Miriam Forman-Brunell’s exhaustive research on dolls both as cultural artifacts and richly meaningful playthings, I suggest a reconceptualized game studies in which certain types of video games are not arbitrarily cleaved from the broader study of areas such as leisure, play, and girlhood.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Children arguing over the rules of tag know that games are complex negotiations of power systems drawn from their material, political, and social context. Awareness of these power dynamics has long been a central concern in play studies. However, game studies is frequently situated as separate from play studies and continues to draw on Huizinga’s legacy, often replicating an elitism and naivete that Margaret Carlisle Duncan first pointed out 40 years ago. This chapter imagines a game studies more closely aligned with play studies. Considering the key findings of researchers such as Carlisle Duncan, Miriam Forman-Brunell, Brenda Laurel, Kyra Gaunt, Vivan Gussin Paley, Linda Hughes, Maria Montessori, and Iona and Peter Opie this chapter interrogates how the relative marginality of these thinkers in game studies reflects an entrenched masculinist impulse to devalue both women thinkers and young girls and their concerns. By engaging works such as Gaunt’s groundbreaking study of Black girls’ jump rope rhymes and Miriam Forman-Brunell’s exhaustive research on dolls both as cultural artifacts and richly meaningful playthings, I suggest a reconceptualized game studies in which certain types of video games are not arbitrarily cleaved from the broader study of areas such as leisure, play, and girlhood.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Reflecting on the Evolution of Intersectional Game Studies</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">An Interview with Lisa Nakamura</Subtitle>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Sarah Christina Ganzon (she/her) is Assistant Professor of the School of Communication at Simon Fraser University. Her research revolves mostly around the areas of game studies and digital fandom. Recently, she finished her thesis on otome games in English and otome game players. Some of her work has appeared in journals such as Games and Culture, Critical Studies in Media Communication, Human Tech, and Transformative Works and Cultures. She holds a PhD in Communication Studies from Concordia University and an MA in English Literature from Cardiff University. Previously, she also taught courses at the University of the Philippines, University of Santo Tomas, Far Eastern University and Concordia University.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Lisa Nakamura (she/her) is the Gwendolyn Calvert Baker Collegiate Professor in the Department of American Cultures at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. She is the founding Director of the Digital Studies Institute at the University of Michigan and has been writing about digital media, race, and gender since 1994. She has written books and articles on digital bodies, race, and gender in online environments, on toxicity in video game culture, and the many reasons that Internet research needs ethnic and gender studies.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In this interview, Nakamura reflects on her experiences writing and teaching about digital culture, games, race and gender–from her first publications in the 90s towards more contemporary work that shed light on toxic cultures, digital labor and narratives that render women of color invisible in media histories. In doing so, she provides a history of some of the earliest intersectional work in game studies and digital media. These reflections and histories told by one female scholar of color to another provide a window into the labor of intersectional work in game studies, how far we have come, and how far we have yet to go.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In this interview, Nakamura reflects on her experiences writing and teaching about digital culture, games, race and gender–from her first publications in the 90s towards more contemporary work that shed light on toxic cultures, digital labor and narratives that render women of color invisible in media histories. In doing so, she provides a history of some of the earliest intersectional work in game studies and digital media. These reflections and histories told by one female scholar of color to another provide a window into the labor of intersectional work in game studies, how far we have come, and how far we have yet to go.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Unveiling the Path</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Seeing and Doing Game Studies from a Sámi Perspective</Subtitle>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Outi Kaarina Laiti (she/her) is a Sámi game researcher and designer. She is a postdoctoral researcher at the University of Helsinki, focusing on the intersection of education, computer science, and Sámi culture in video games and programming. Laiti promotes Sámi game developers and has coached an elderly eSports team. She was recognized as one of GamesIndustry.biz’s 100 Game Changers in 2020 for her efforts to increase accessibility in the industry. Laiti has actively organized game development events in the Sámi homeland, Sápmi, and co-created Sami Game Jams to encourage Indigenous innovation and cultural representation in gaming. Her doctoral thesis “Old Ways of Knowing, New Ways of Playing,” published in January 2021, discusses the potential of collaborative game design to empower Indigenous Sámi.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In this chapter I explore how a Sámi worldview can be present, and how to employ Sámi methodologies, in the field of game studies. In this chapter I continue the work of Indigenous methodological thinkers and ground my work in the long line of Sámi dutkama máttut, the methodological thinkers in all the fields where Sámi research is present. This chapter is an autoethnographic description of how my research on Sámi digital games has reshaped game studies, and it is based on my field notes and reflections on the process that led to a doctoral dissertation in the field of Sámi game studies. By describing the process of unveiling the path, I introduce a way to employ Sámi methodologies in game studies and discuss the ways in which Indigenous epistemologies can be present in game studies practice. Furthermore, I discuss how Indigenous and non-Indigenous game studies can form a dialogue without jeopardizing Indigenous sovereignty over research.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In this chapter I explore how a Sámi worldview can be present, and how to employ Sámi methodologies, in the field of game studies. In this chapter I continue the work of Indigenous methodological thinkers and ground my work in the long line of Sámi dutkama máttut, the methodological thinkers in all the fields where Sámi research is present. This chapter is an autoethnographic description of how my research on Sámi digital games has reshaped game studies, and it is based on my field notes and reflections on the process that led to a doctoral dissertation in the field of Sámi game studies. By describing the process of unveiling the path, I introduce a way to employ Sámi methodologies in game studies and discuss the ways in which Indigenous epistemologies can be present in game studies practice. Furthermore, I discuss how Indigenous and non-Indigenous game studies can form a dialogue without jeopardizing Indigenous sovereignty over research.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Anthropology, Play Studies, and the Entanglements of Game Studies</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Two Roads Diverged in an Ivory Wood</Subtitle>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Laya Liebeseller (they/any) is a play scholar, game designer, and anthropologist. Their current design work focuses on imagining queer futures and horror in its relation to current social dynamics. In their academic work they study play during pandemic times. Since 2013, they have worked with live-action roleplay communities, tabletop roleplaying communities, and most recently alternate reality game communities. Their ongoing dissertation research details analog game communities, their abrupt transition online in 2020, and the continuing ramifications.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Josh Rivers (he/him) holds a PhD in Anthropology from the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, at the time of publication, is a Research Manager at Xbox. His research interests reside at the nexus of queer theory, institutions, and video games. Past projects include his dissertation work, an ethnographic exploration of how the Icelandic cultural context of CCP Games impacted the manner in which the corporation architects ethics into the fabric of their massively-multiplayer online game, EVE Online, as well as an ethnographic analysis of queer community-making in Final Fantasy XIV.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Game Studies is a robust interdisciplinary field that has succeeded in incorporating myriad methodological and theoretical positionalities, yet there remain voices from the discipline’s past and its margins that go unheard or  forgotten. In this article, we trace the history of The Association of the Study of Play (TASP), originally founded in 1973 as The Association of the Anthropological Study of Play (TAASP), and its entanglement with, as well as disentanglement from, the broader discipline of Anthropology in order to highlight the social mess à la John Law that is involved in the institutionalization of a set of research interests and thereby ‘legitimization’ of a field. In doing so, we speak to the inherent pitfalls involved in demarcating a discipline’s boundaries while challenging Game Studies scholars to consider the entanglements of their field. This tracing of the entanglements between TASP, Anthropology, Game Studies, and Play Studies aims to serve as a reminder that no discipline is immune from losing sight of its past and no field ought to forego searching the annals of its own history, both for what has been lost or purposefully ignored.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Game Studies is a robust interdisciplinary field that has succeeded in incorporating myriad methodological and theoretical positionalities, yet there remain voices from the discipline’s past and its margins that go unheard or  forgotten. In this article, we trace the history of The Association of the Study of Play (TASP), originally founded in 1973 as The Association of the Anthropological Study of Play (TAASP), and its entanglement with, as well as disentanglement from, the broader discipline of Anthropology in order to highlight the social mess à la John Law that is involved in the institutionalization of a set of research interests and thereby ‘legitimization’ of a field. In doing so, we speak to the inherent pitfalls involved in demarcating a discipline’s boundaries while challenging Game Studies scholars to consider the entanglements of their field. This tracing of the entanglements between TASP, Anthropology, Game Studies, and Play Studies aims to serve as a reminder that no discipline is immune from losing sight of its past and no field ought to forego searching the annals of its own history, both for what has been lost or purposefully ignored.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Autoethnographic Denial</TitleText>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Despite the centrality of autoethnography in the historical emergence of critical video game analysis—and despite recognition from game studies scholars that players’ situated subjectivities and embodied experiences are inextricable aspects of gameplay—the field of game studies has developed an enduring habit of disparaging the use of autoethnography.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The purpose of this chapter, then, is to examine the history of autoethnography in the field: so pivotal, and yet so denied. I chronicle the ways that the field has largely abstained from conducting autoethnographies, even as autoethnography’s increasingly undeniable significance continues to emerge in the generative experiential-intellectual knowledges from marginalized scholars’ critical, political storytelling. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The chapter is, itself, an autoethnography. Interspersed throughout my analysis, I recount my own history with autoethnographic research, which started in denial. I use this story to emphasize the need for future scholarship that more thoroughly explicates how to conduct autoethnographies pertaining to videogames and gaming cultures. And in conclusion, I urge that the field continue to build upon the rich and growing body of autoethnographic research; to develop novel approaches to autoethnography that contest the dominant standards of academic scholarship and publishing practices; and to embrace autoethnography as a uniquely defining feature of the field.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Despite the centrality of autoethnography in the historical emergence of critical video game analysis—and despite recognition from game studies scholars that players’ situated subjectivities and embodied experiences are inextricable aspects of gameplay—the field of game studies has developed an enduring habit of disparaging the use of autoethnography.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The purpose of this chapter, then, is to examine the history of autoethnography in the field: so pivotal, and yet so denied. I chronicle the ways that the field has largely abstained from conducting autoethnographies, even as autoethnography’s increasingly undeniable significance continues to emerge in the generative experiential-intellectual knowledges from marginalized scholars’ critical, political storytelling. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The chapter is, itself, an autoethnography. Interspersed throughout my analysis, I recount my own history with autoethnographic research, which started in denial. I use this story to emphasize the need for future scholarship that more thoroughly explicates how to conduct autoethnographies pertaining to videogames and gaming cultures. And in conclusion, I urge that the field continue to build upon the rich and growing body of autoethnographic research; to develop novel approaches to autoethnography that contest the dominant standards of academic scholarship and publishing practices; and to embrace autoethnography as a uniquely defining feature of the field.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Down on Luck</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Examining the Pervasive Merit-Based Logics in Game Studies</Subtitle>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Michael Anthony DeAnda (fae/faer, use my name) is Senior Professional Lecturer at DePaul University, serving as the chair of the Game Design Program Committee and the Human Centered Design PhD Program Committee and Director of the School of Design Summer Impact Grant Program. Michael researches games as spaces for world-building by studying latinx and queer studies and lived experiences and considering how these speak intimately to games. Michael has published in Design Issues, Convergence, Technical Communications Quarterly, The Journal of Popular Culture, The Video Game Art Reader, Queer Studies in Media and Popular Culture, and Widerscreens. As a scholar–practitioner, Michael develops games that draw from latinx and LGBTQ+ lived experiences to disrupt our assumptions about the world around us and reshape the way we imagine systems.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This chapter examines how game studies diminishes chance and privileges skill, situating these in a dichotomy. Such privileging prevents us from understanding chance in games in more meaningful ways. Chance is often read as a game system that casts players in passive roles at the whim of fate and unyielding indiscrimination. However, the focus on skill perpetuates readings of games as systems of meritocracy and player domination. The divide between skill and chance in games studies is historically used to differentiate games as “good” objects worthy of critical attention from gambling, “bad” objects attached deviance. Furthermore, the skill/chance dichotomy reinforces gender binarism, linking skill to masculinity while feminizing chance. Take seriously games of chance points to opportunities for game studies to look beyond the procedural and diegetic operations of the games and consider ways communities deploy games for socializing and formation of community identity. Reimagining how we synthesize chance and skill in games will complicate the way we theorize and design games.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This chapter examines how game studies diminishes chance and privileges skill, situating these in a dichotomy. Such privileging prevents us from understanding chance in games in more meaningful ways. Chance is often read as a game system that casts players in passive roles at the whim of fate and unyielding indiscrimination. However, the focus on skill perpetuates readings of games as systems of meritocracy and player domination. The divide between skill and chance in games studies is historically used to differentiate games as “good” objects worthy of critical attention from gambling, “bad” objects attached deviance. Furthermore, the skill/chance dichotomy reinforces gender binarism, linking skill to masculinity while feminizing chance. Take seriously games of chance points to opportunities for game studies to look beyond the procedural and diegetic operations of the games and consider ways communities deploy games for socializing and formation of community identity. Reimagining how we synthesize chance and skill in games will complicate the way we theorize and design games.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">The Separation of Analog and Digital Game Studies</TitleText>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Evan Torner (he/him) is Associate Professor of German Studies at the University of Cincinnati, where he directs the Undergraduate Program in German as well as the UC Game Lab. His work examines the processes and ideologies of cultural production, with a primary focus on the popular media of German-speaking countries as well as niche media of small-press tabletop role-playing games (RPG) and international live-action role-play (larp) communities. As a games scholar, he co-edited Immersive Gameplay (McFarland, 2012) with William J. White, co-founded and serves as an editor for the journal Analog Game Studies, and serves as associate editor for the International Journal of Role-Playing. As a game designer, he has had stand-alone and anthology work published in at least six different languages and written many RPG scenarios for Danish convention Fastaval, including the award-winning Save Some Light for Me (2019). As a community organizer, he co-founded the Golden Cobra Challenge, co-organized the 2017 US run of the queer Norwegian larp Just A Little Lovin’, and co-organized Origins Games on Demand.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The essay speculates on underlying historical reasons for Game Studies’ relative neglect of non-digital or analog games in favor of digital games. Despite calls by leaders in the field to include non-digital games in their purview, the emphasis on digital games has taken root and produced a number of biases in research, hiring, teaching, and promotion. The reasons given for this oversight, despite a contemporary renaissance in analog games, are numerous. The 1980s Satanic Panic proved more a public-sphere detriment to hobbyist analog games than the 1990s anti-video-game-violence movement to video games. In its wake, the “gamer” identity was connected with a masculine-oriented first-person-shooter culture, over other gaming cultures. The sheer economic scale of video games cannot be ignored, and this scale was the point of argumentation for the foundation of many Games programs in higher education. Games have been cynically incorporated into these programs for purposes of outreach and enrollment, not real academic interest from administrations. Finally, film and media studies doubled down on its investment in moving images on screens over a more capacious understanding of media, which would otherwise include analog games.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The essay speculates on underlying historical reasons for Game Studies’ relative neglect of non-digital or analog games in favor of digital games. Despite calls by leaders in the field to include non-digital games in their purview, the emphasis on digital games has taken root and produced a number of biases in research, hiring, teaching, and promotion. The reasons given for this oversight, despite a contemporary renaissance in analog games, are numerous. The 1980s Satanic Panic proved more a public-sphere detriment to hobbyist analog games than the 1990s anti-video-game-violence movement to video games. In its wake, the “gamer” identity was connected with a masculine-oriented first-person-shooter culture, over other gaming cultures. The sheer economic scale of video games cannot be ignored, and this scale was the point of argumentation for the foundation of many Games programs in higher education. Games have been cynically incorporated into these programs for purposes of outreach and enrollment, not real academic interest from administrations. Finally, film and media studies doubled down on its investment in moving images on screens over a more capacious understanding of media, which would otherwise include analog games.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Navigating Public History and Game Preservation</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">In Conversation with the Computerspielemuseum</Subtitle>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Racquel M. Gonzales is the Director of Interpretative Engagement at the Memorial Art Gallery of the University of Rochester in New York. A trained ethnographer and oral historian, she holds a Ph.D. in Visual Studies and a certificate in Gender and Sexuality Studies from University of California, Irvine, an MA in Media Studies from University of Texas at Austin, and a ba in Cinematic Arts with a minor in Classics from University of Southern California. Her previous roles include stints at The Strong National Museum of Play, University of California, Irvine, and Laguna College of Art and Design.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In this conversation, Dr. Racquel M. Gonzales (Research Historian, The Strong National Museum of Play, Rochester, New York) interviews staff of Berlin’s Computerspielemuseum about the role of a museum in the work of public history. Gameshouse gGmbH managing director Dr. Klaus Spieler discusses how the museum emerged at a fraught time in Germany’s national relationship with game content and culture alongside the continued impact of regulation. Technical director Matthias Oborski and curator Philipp Frei offer perspectives on collecting, preserving, and exhibiting game history for archival researchers and non-specialist audiences. We reflect on the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, and grapple with the roles museums should play in the future of game studies. The discussion offers insights on game history developed outside the United States and the practice of public history while navigating various stakeholders—institutional, governmental, industrial, public—that shape the narratives we craft and histories we preserve in museums and archives.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In this conversation, Dr. Racquel M. Gonzales (Research Historian, The Strong National Museum of Play, Rochester, New York) interviews staff of Berlin’s Computerspielemuseum about the role of a museum in the work of public history. Gameshouse gGmbH managing director Dr. Klaus Spieler discusses how the museum emerged at a fraught time in Germany’s national relationship with game content and culture alongside the continued impact of regulation. Technical director Matthias Oborski and curator Philipp Frei offer perspectives on collecting, preserving, and exhibiting game history for archival researchers and non-specialist audiences. We reflect on the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, and grapple with the roles museums should play in the future of game studies. The discussion offers insights on game history developed outside the United States and the practice of public history while navigating various stakeholders—institutional, governmental, industrial, public—that shape the narratives we craft and histories we preserve in museums and archives.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Archiving Play, Archiving Histories</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Preserving Games Hardware, Software, and Experience</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Lee W. Hibbard</PersonName>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Lee W. Hibbard (he/him, they/them) has a PhD in Rhetoric and Composition from Purdue University and is Lecturer in Technical Communication at University of Michigan College of Engineering. His research interests include archive theory and practice, professional writing, game studies and game design, new media texts, digital rhetorics, fandom communities, queer studies, and identity formation, and a lot of his interest intersects with his experiences as a queer nonbinary transgender man. His work with the Strong Museum is part of his dissertation research into the intersections of archiving, queerness, and games, and he is thrilled to share this work and his passion for diving deep into the history of games and gaming culture in this collection. In his spare time he collects old consoles, avoids digital-only copies of games, and loves an old-fashioned round of arcade Tetris.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This chapter considers the importance of preserving games in both physical and metaphysical contexts by examining current archival efforts to catalog and share games and play experiences with future generations and consider their position within game studies. It highlights work being done in three archival contexts -- The Strong Museum of Play, the LGBTQ+ Video Game Archive, and the Learning Games Initiative. This includes an examination of each of their mission and goals, selectivity and rationale, and methods and processes, and each section includes interviews with current directors and founders of the archives in question. The work of these specific organizations, archives, and museums, while varying widely, provides a demonstration of not only the methods being undertaken to preserve game history, but the importance of that work amongst those organizations and individuals. This investigation demonstrates not only how diverse and varied games and play experiences are now, but how much of gaming history already contains those diverse experiences. By examining current preservation efforts, this chapter not only highlights how diverse and varied preservation efforts are in games and play, but demonstrates the importance of examining the archival work being done to preserve the fragile and tenuous technologies and voices surrounding games and play.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This chapter considers the importance of preserving games in both physical and metaphysical contexts by examining current archival efforts to catalog and share games and play experiences with future generations and consider their position within game studies. It highlights work being done in three archival contexts -- The Strong Museum of Play, the LGBTQ+ Video Game Archive, and the Learning Games Initiative. This includes an examination of each of their mission and goals, selectivity and rationale, and methods and processes, and each section includes interviews with current directors and founders of the archives in question. The work of these specific organizations, archives, and museums, while varying widely, provides a demonstration of not only the methods being undertaken to preserve game history, but the importance of that work amongst those organizations and individuals. This investigation demonstrates not only how diverse and varied games and play experiences are now, but how much of gaming history already contains those diverse experiences. By examining current preservation efforts, this chapter not only highlights how diverse and varied preservation efforts are in games and play, but demonstrates the importance of examining the archival work being done to preserve the fragile and tenuous technologies and voices surrounding games and play.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Ludic Dissertations</TitleText>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Justin Wigard (he/him) is Assistant Professor of 20th- and 21st-Century US Literature at University of North Dakota, where he works and teaches in comics studies, game studies, and digital humanities. Along with Mitch Ploskonka, Justin is co-editor of Attack of the New B Movies: Essays on SYFY Original Films (McFarland Press, 2023). He has published games scholarship in Cinergie, Unbound, Vault of Culture, and various edited collections. His next project examines the long publishing history of the Indigenous character Turok across comics, games, and even animation.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This chapter traces a divide between critical and creative camps within game studies’ history, offering some accounting of where this stems from, along with how it has grown and shifted particularly in relation to other fields. Topics include the historical inaccessibility of game development knowledge, software, even hardware; successful attempts to bridge this gap, along with common roadblocks; and the academy’s resistance to consideration of alternative scholarship forms.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Alongside this historiography, I work through the premise, methodology, and stakes of creating a short, playable video game as my dissertation: Level 101: A Video Game About Video Games. Drawing on other alternative dissertations (e.g. Sousanis, Carson, Visconti), my dissertation explores, explains, and interrogates the video game medium on several levels in order to understand the medium through a methodology of play. Ultimately, this chapter speculates on what future game studies may look like by embracing playable criticism as a mode of scholarly discourse, by embracing games as our mode of critical inquiry, not just our subjects of observation. It also acknowledges the laborious efforts involved with such endeavors, and offers potential paths forward for future game scholar-makers.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This chapter traces a divide between critical and creative camps within game studies’ history, offering some accounting of where this stems from, along with how it has grown and shifted particularly in relation to other fields. Topics include the historical inaccessibility of game development knowledge, software, even hardware; successful attempts to bridge this gap, along with common roadblocks; and the academy’s resistance to consideration of alternative scholarship forms.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Alongside this historiography, I work through the premise, methodology, and stakes of creating a short, playable video game as my dissertation: Level 101: A Video Game About Video Games. Drawing on other alternative dissertations (e.g. Sousanis, Carson, Visconti), my dissertation explores, explains, and interrogates the video game medium on several levels in order to understand the medium through a methodology of play. Ultimately, this chapter speculates on what future game studies may look like by embracing playable criticism as a mode of scholarly discourse, by embracing games as our mode of critical inquiry, not just our subjects of observation. It also acknowledges the laborious efforts involved with such endeavors, and offers potential paths forward for future game scholar-makers.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;betsy brey (she/her) is a PhD candidate in the Department of English Language and Literature at the University of Waterloo. Her research focuses on queering narratology in video games. She is particularly interested in the intersections of game play and narrative structure, and how game stories are perceived and constructed by communities of fans. Focusing on games and communities like Dragon Age, Skyrim, Five Nights at Freddy’s, Twitch Plays Pokemon, or Critical Role, Betsy’s research takes an intersectional approach to games and game narratives. Additionally, her work examines the social and cultural practices of the communities that play or enjoy these games, including questions of collaboration, digital labor, canonicity, and the cultural economies of fans and fandoms.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Henry Jenkins is the author or editor of twenty books on various aspects of media and popular culture. Among his best known works are Textual Poachers: Television Fans, Participatory Culture (Routledge, 1992), Convergence Culture: Where Old and New Media Collide (New York University Press, 2008), Spreadable Media: Creating Meaning and Value in a Networked Culture (New York University Press, 2013), By Any Media Necessary: The New Youth Activism (New York University Press, 2016), Popular Culture and the Civic Imagination: Case Studies of Creative Social Change (New York University Press, 2020), and Comics and Stuff (New York University Press, 2020).&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Henry Jenkins is Provost Professor of Communication, Journalism, Cinematic Arts and Education at the University of Southern California—or as he likes to put it, “Professor of Miscellaneous Studies” or just “media scholar at USC.” A prolific author, Jenkins has author and editor more than 20 books including Textual Poachers,  Convergence Culture: Where Old and New Media Collide,  Fans, Gamers, Bloggers,  and most recently, Comics and Stuff  in addition to hundreds of articles on a variety all sorts of pop culture and digital culture subjects, looking at fan communities, comics, the internet, film, and much more, including a very active period working on video games, writing well-known and well-cited pieces such as “Games as Narrative Architecture,”  “Games: The New Lively Art,”  and “Popular Culture as Politics, Politics as Popular Culture.” Jenkins, however, no longer considers himself a game scholar—an interesting distinction. This raises the question, “what does it mean to do game studies?,” in this interview Jenkins and I discuss the roots of game studies as an area of study and its development into a unique and sometimes baffling field. Reflecting on his journey through the development of the field, Jenkins describes the spaces of game studies as they were shifting from an area closely aligned with industry and popular culture towards a more isolated academic field pushed away from development spaces. From the sparking of his interest in play and spatial properties of games, to his defense of video games in front of the US Senate, to his scapegoated position in the ludology/narratology debate, Jenkins has seen the field from many perspectives—most importantly, he sees the field from outside of it now.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Henry Jenkins is Provost Professor of Communication, Journalism, Cinematic Arts and Education at the University of Southern California—or as he likes to put it, “Professor of Miscellaneous Studies” or just “media scholar at USC.” A prolific author, Jenkins has author and editor more than 20 books including Textual Poachers,  Convergence Culture: Where Old and New Media Collide,  Fans, Gamers, Bloggers,  and most recently, Comics and Stuff  in addition to hundreds of articles on a variety all sorts of pop culture and digital culture subjects, looking at fan communities, comics, the internet, film, and much more, including a very active period working on video games, writing well-known and well-cited pieces such as “Games as Narrative Architecture,”  “Games: The New Lively Art,”  and “Popular Culture as Politics, Politics as Popular Culture.” Jenkins, however, no longer considers himself a game scholar—an interesting distinction. This raises the question, “what does it mean to do game studies?,” in this interview Jenkins and I discuss the roots of game studies as an area of study and its development into a unique and sometimes baffling field. Reflecting on his journey through the development of the field, Jenkins describes the spaces of game studies as they were shifting from an area closely aligned with industry and popular culture towards a more isolated academic field pushed away from development spaces. From the sparking of his interest in play and spatial properties of games, to his defense of video games in front of the US Senate, to his scapegoated position in the ludology/narratology debate, Jenkins has seen the field from many perspectives—most importantly, he sees the field from outside of it now.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Adrienne Shaw (she/her) is Associate Professor in Temple University’s Department of Media Studies and Production and a graduate faculty member in the Lew Klein College of Media and Communication. Her book Gaming at the Edge: Sexuality and Gender at the Margins of Gamer Culture (University of Minnesota Press, 2014) won the 2016 Outstanding Book Award from the Popular Communication Division of the International Communication Association. She is a founder of the LGBTQ Game Archive (www.lgbtqgamearchive.com) and co-curated Rainbow Arcade, an exhibit of 30 years of LGBTQ video game history at the Schwules Museum in Berlin, Germany (2018–2019). In addition to the exhibit catalog, she has written for and co-edited three anthologies. She became a Higher Education Video Game Alliance Fellow in 2018. She is a series editor for NYU Press’s Critical Cultural Communication series and on the editorial board of six academic journals.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In this essay, I explore how my particular experiences have shaped my identity as a communication and media studies scholar who specializes in LGBTQ+ game studies. As someone who entered graduate school in 2005, I was not among the early cohort of scholars making a case for games being a viable topic of study at all (several journals and professional organizations were already established around that time). But neither did I have access to any established notion of what “counts” as game studies. Over time, I found that like with communication and media studies, there are actually many versions of game studies, rather than one coherent field—and this is a good thing. Embracing goals of interdisciplinarity and drawing on the critical politics of cultural studies are the foundation of my media and game studies.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In this essay, I explore how my particular experiences have shaped my identity as a communication and media studies scholar who specializes in LGBTQ+ game studies. As someone who entered graduate school in 2005, I was not among the early cohort of scholars making a case for games being a viable topic of study at all (several journals and professional organizations were already established around that time). But neither did I have access to any established notion of what “counts” as game studies. Over time, I found that like with communication and media studies, there are actually many versions of game studies, rather than one coherent field—and this is a good thing. Embracing goals of interdisciplinarity and drawing on the critical politics of cultural studies are the foundation of my media and game studies.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Turns in Game Studies</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">An Interview with Kishonna L. Gray</Subtitle>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;victoria l. braegger (she/her)  is an Assistant Professor of Technical Communication at Missouri University of Science and Technology, serving as the coordinator for the game studies minor in the Department of English and Technical Communication. Her research frames video game controllers as kinesthetic tools of technical communication, analyzing how controllers contribute to and disrupt conversations on design, remediation, representation, identity, and community in games. She has published her work in in The Journal of Multimodal Rhetorics and SIGDOC Conference Proceedings, as well as in edited collections such as The Ethics of Playing, Researching, and Teaching Games in the Writing Classroom (Palgrave Macmillan, 2021). victoria is passionate about public scholarship and games preservation. She cohosts the Not Your Mama’s Gamer podcast and is the Senior Assistant Regional Director for the Learning Games Initiative Research Archive.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Kishonna Gray (she/her) is Professor of Racial Justice and Technology in the School of Information at the University of Michigan. Her research broadly covers the intersection of race, gender and digital media, with a particular focus on video games and gaming culture. In her book Race, Gender, &amp;amp; Deviance in Xbox Live (Routledge, 2024), Gray examines the racism, sexism, and other types of harassment faced by women and people of color in one of the largest virtual gaming communities and multi-media platforms. She is co-editor of two volumes on culture and gaming, one of which focuses on women as they are depicted in video games, as participants in games culture, and as contributors to the games industry. The second explores the potential of video games to foster change and become a catalyst for social justice. Gray has published widely in academic publications and her work has been featured by a variety of media outlets, such as The New York Times, Los Angeles Times, The Guardian, Paste Magazine, Engadget, BET, and Blavity. She is also a featured blogger and podcaster with “Not Your Mama’s Gamer.” She is also a faculty associate at the Berkman-Klein Center for Internet &amp;amp; Society at Harvard University.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Looking at the future of game studies requires a deep, introspective look at where the field began, considering not only who was left out but why. In a reflection of the gaming industry, much of the early spaces carved out for game studies were dominated by male voices and perspectives. However, just as important as where the field began are the moments when the field experienced a turn. In the early 2010s, game studies began its gradual turn towards inclusivity and diversity, a moment marked by increased scholarly articles and books discussing representation and gaming culture. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This interview with Kishonna Gray focuses on her work in facilitating the turn towards gaming culture and representation in game studies, as well as discussions on #CiteHerWork and the Gray Test. The gaming industry is facing a reckoning brought on by decades of exclusive and exploitive practices; questions concerning representation, culture, inclusion, and diversity are at the forefront when discussing the industry. They should be discussed in reference to game studies, as well. We have much work to do; getting there is going to take reflection and a lot of talking.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Looking at the future of game studies requires a deep, introspective look at where the field began, considering not only who was left out but why. In a reflection of the gaming industry, much of the early spaces carved out for game studies were dominated by male voices and perspectives. However, just as important as where the field began are the moments when the field experienced a turn. In the early 2010s, game studies began its gradual turn towards inclusivity and diversity, a moment marked by increased scholarly articles and books discussing representation and gaming culture. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This interview with Kishonna Gray focuses on her work in facilitating the turn towards gaming culture and representation in game studies, as well as discussions on #CiteHerWork and the Gray Test. The gaming industry is facing a reckoning brought on by decades of exclusive and exploitive practices; questions concerning representation, culture, inclusion, and diversity are at the forefront when discussing the industry. They should be discussed in reference to game studies, as well. We have much work to do; getting there is going to take reflection and a lot of talking.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Christopher A. Paul (he/him) is Professor of Communication and Media at Seattle University. He has published Optimizing Play: Why Theorycrafting Breaks Games and How to Fix It (MIT Press, 2025), Free-to-Play: Mobile Video Games, Bias, and Norms (MIT Press, 2020), Real Games: What’s Legitimate and What’s Not In Contemporary Videogames (MIT Press, 2019, with Mia Consalvo), and The Toxic Meritocracy of Video Games: Why Gaming Culture Is the Worst (University of Minnesota Press, 2018).&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;I am extraordinarily lucky to be able to study games as a key part of my job. And the level of security I have in that job presents me with an obligation to write and speak about the limitations in our field and the harm our systems and structures have done to the people trying to study games and the knowledge our field could have produced. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The pool of games that have been the focus of most studies are limited. The ways of examining games is expanding, but is still dominated by a narrow group of analytical modes and approaches. The field, with few exceptions is overwhelmingly white. The types of players examined are limited, especially in considerations of age, as the old and young are left out of most analysis. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;All of these factors limit what game studies is, while opening up space to create what game studies could be. Game studies needs more people, more different kinds of people, looking at different games from different perspectives. This chapter is an attempt to articulate the stakes of what games studies has been and point in a direction we should go.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;I am extraordinarily lucky to be able to study games as a key part of my job. And the level of security I have in that job presents me with an obligation to write and speak about the limitations in our field and the harm our systems and structures have done to the people trying to study games and the knowledge our field could have produced. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The pool of games that have been the focus of most studies are limited. The ways of examining games is expanding, but is still dominated by a narrow group of analytical modes and approaches. The field, with few exceptions is overwhelmingly white. The types of players examined are limited, especially in considerations of age, as the old and young are left out of most analysis. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;All of these factors limit what game studies is, while opening up space to create what game studies could be. Game studies needs more people, more different kinds of people, looking at different games from different perspectives. This chapter is an attempt to articulate the stakes of what games studies has been and point in a direction we should go.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">“Publish in English or It’s Game Over”</TitleText>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Samuel Poirier-Poulin (he/him) is a PhD candidate in film studies at the Université de Montréal, Canada, specializing in the study of video games and gaming cultures. His doctoral research focuses on the representation and the affective experience of trauma in video games, drawing on affect theory and phenomenology of media. His other research interests include queer desires in visual novels, autoethnography, and multilingual scholarship. Samuel’s work has been published in several academic journals, including the Journal of Games Criticism, G/A/M/E: The Italian Journal of Game Studies, Synoptique: An Online Journal of Film and Moving Image Studies, Loading: The Journal of the Canadian Game Studies Association, and in the anthology Video Games and Comedy. Since 2022, Samuel has been the Editor-in-Chief of the game studies journal Press Start.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Research on diversity and inclusion in game studies has focused so far on issues related to gender, race, and sexuality. Issues related to language have generally been left unaddressed. Nevertheless, the language we use to express ourselves has a major influence on the way the knowledge we create is perceived and transmitted (or not) worldwide, and thus also generates situations of privilege and exclusion. Building on the concepts of linguistic monopoly and linguicism (i.e., discrimination based on language), this chapter proposes a critical reflection on the dominance of English language in game studies. It argues that linguicism occurs in this discipline and in academia more broadly (1) through the anglicization of research and the need for non-native English speakers (NNES) to publish and present their work in English in order to be read, cited, and recognized as contributors to game studies; and (2) through a gatekeeping process, especially within high-ranking journals, that makes it harder for NNES to publish their work due to the absence of linguistic support from publishing institutions and the emphasis these institutions put on so-called “good” English. These inequalities are reinforced by the myth that English is a neutral language that serves everyone equally well and leads to cohesion and community. This chapter ultimately aims to bridge the gap between research on linguistic monopoly in academia and the discipline of game studies, seeking to critically reflect on how game studies have been built and are still being built around English language.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Research on diversity and inclusion in game studies has focused so far on issues related to gender, race, and sexuality. Issues related to language have generally been left unaddressed. Nevertheless, the language we use to express ourselves has a major influence on the way the knowledge we create is perceived and transmitted (or not) worldwide, and thus also generates situations of privilege and exclusion. Building on the concepts of linguistic monopoly and linguicism (i.e., discrimination based on language), this chapter proposes a critical reflection on the dominance of English language in game studies. It argues that linguicism occurs in this discipline and in academia more broadly (1) through the anglicization of research and the need for non-native English speakers (NNES) to publish and present their work in English in order to be read, cited, and recognized as contributors to game studies; and (2) through a gatekeeping process, especially within high-ranking journals, that makes it harder for NNES to publish their work due to the absence of linguistic support from publishing institutions and the emphasis these institutions put on so-called “good” English. These inequalities are reinforced by the myth that English is a neutral language that serves everyone equally well and leads to cohesion and community. This chapter ultimately aims to bridge the gap between research on linguistic monopoly in academia and the discipline of game studies, seeking to critically reflect on how game studies have been built and are still being built around English language.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Douglas Schules (he/him) is Associate Professor at Rikkyo University in Tokyo, where he researches the relationships between media and society. He has written about creative media and fandom, and his recent work focuses on the ecology of Japanese games with a focus on the indie game developer scene in Tokyo. Given the expanding field of indie game development, he has been working with developers to both preserve their work and record their perspectives on making games in Japan.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In this interview Kentaro Matsumoto discusses gaming scholarship in Japan, focusing specifically on the fields of semiotics and aesthetics. Topics include influential research on games written by Japanese scholars and current directions in the field.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In this interview Kentaro Matsumoto discusses gaming scholarship in Japan, focusing specifically on the fields of semiotics and aesthetics. Topics include influential research on games written by Japanese scholars and current directions in the field.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">“There’s Nothing Written about It”</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Disciplinarity, Regionality, and the Ghosts Haunting Game Studies</Subtitle>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Alison Harvey (she/her) is Associate Professor in the Communications program at Glendon College, York University, Canada. Her research and teaching focuses on issues of inclusivity and accessibility in digital culture, with an emphasis on gender and labor in digital games. She is the author of Gender, Age, and Digital Games in the Domestic Context (Routledge, 2015) and Feminist Media Studies (Polity, 2019). Her work has also appeared in a range of interdisciplinary journals, including in Diversity &amp;amp; Inclusion Research, Global Media &amp;amp; China, and New Media &amp;amp; Society. She served as the president of the Canadian Game Studies Association from 2023–2025.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;2005-2007 was a unique moment in games studies in that it represented a flourishing of specific venues for research in the area, including the launch of the journals Games and Culture and Loading…. The Canadian Journal of Game Studies as well as the Canadian Games Game Studies Association conference. But despite the spike in scholarly and public attention on games in the last decade and a half, we still see moments where researchers seek game studies and proclaim that ‘there’s nothing written about it’. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In this article I consider the role of Canadian game studies and its relative lack of citation. The disciplinary ghosts of game studies, I argue, play a key role in entrenching some approaches, questions, and methods as more legitimate, ‘ghosting’ others from the ‘canon’. Troublingly, this continues to include critical race studies, feminist approaches, and queer theory, despite their key role in both historical and contemporary game studies. I therefore conclude this essay with a provocation inspired by Harrison (2018) to ‘fuck the canon’ in games.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;2005-2007 was a unique moment in games studies in that it represented a flourishing of specific venues for research in the area, including the launch of the journals Games and Culture and Loading…. The Canadian Journal of Game Studies as well as the Canadian Games Game Studies Association conference. But despite the spike in scholarly and public attention on games in the last decade and a half, we still see moments where researchers seek game studies and proclaim that ‘there’s nothing written about it’. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In this article I consider the role of Canadian game studies and its relative lack of citation. The disciplinary ghosts of game studies, I argue, play a key role in entrenching some approaches, questions, and methods as more legitimate, ‘ghosting’ others from the ‘canon’. Troublingly, this continues to include critical race studies, feminist approaches, and queer theory, despite their key role in both historical and contemporary game studies. I therefore conclude this essay with a provocation inspired by Harrison (2018) to ‘fuck the canon’ in games.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Definitions, Boundaries, and Issues Week</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">An Analysis of University Games Courses</Subtitle>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This study investigates how college-level games courses construct students' academic understanding of and engagement with games. As scholars increasingly call for deeper engagement with social justice issues in game studies—particularly in relation to connections between games, game culture, and the rise of violent white supremacy—this chapter offers a critical analysis of content and orientation in undergraduate games course syllabi across disciplines. Findings reveal a persistent emphasis on establishing boundaries and definitions within the field, often at the expense of addressing critical social concerns. In highlighting these trends, the author calls for a reevaluation of curricular priorities and advocates for foregrounding the analysis of games' social implications in undergraduate courses.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This study investigates how college-level games courses construct students' academic understanding of and engagement with games. As scholars increasingly call for deeper engagement with social justice issues in game studies—particularly in relation to connections between games, game culture, and the rise of violent white supremacy—this chapter offers a critical analysis of content and orientation in undergraduate games course syllabi across disciplines. Findings reveal a persistent emphasis on establishing boundaries and definitions within the field, often at the expense of addressing critical social concerns. In highlighting these trends, the author calls for a reevaluation of curricular priorities and advocates for foregrounding the analysis of games' social implications in undergraduate courses.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Alisha Karabinus (she/her) is Assistant Professor of Writing and Digital Studies at Grand Valley State University. She researches intersections between games and rhetoric.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Bianca Batti (she/her) teaches American Literature, Contemporary Composition, and Film Studies at a high-tech charter high school in the Los Angeles Unified School District. Previously, she was a Marion L. Brittain Postdoctoral Fellow in the Writing and Communication Program at the Georgia Institute of Technology. She received her PhD in Literary Studies in the department of English at Purdue University and has a graduate concentration in Women, Gender, and Sexuality Studies. Her research interests include contemporary American literature, feminist game studies, and the digital humanities. Her work has been published in scholarly journals like The Popular Cultural Studies Journal and Kairos: A Journal of Rhetoric, Technology, and Pedagogy, and also in Haywire Magazine, Not Your Mama’s Gamer, and edited anthologies.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In this interview, Bianca Batti asks Janet Murray to reflect on the work of women in game studies, as well as her own journey toward and within the field. Murray discusses the resistance she has faced as a scholar who centers game design as cultural practice, examines the continuing impact of what she calls the “misogyny of the game community,” and explores her hopes for the future of game studies. By centering a historiography of Murray’s contributions to game studies praxis, Batti and Murray’s conversation actively historicizes women’s past and present experiences in game studies, models generative collaborations between established and emerging scholars, and provides a framework for (re)imagining a more networked, equitable, and collaborative future for the field.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <Subtitle language="eng">Why the Ludology Versus Narratology “Debate” Cannot Be Forgotten</Subtitle>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Emma Vossen (she/her) is an Assistant Professor of Game Studies in the Department of Digital Humanities at Brock University, Canada. Her work focuses on the intersections of politics, identity, and technology, particularly in the context of digital games. She has been an outspoken and ongoing voice in the discussion around online radicalization, digital violence, and contemporary fascism since 2013. Many publications, including ABC News, CBC News, NBC News, Wired, Maclean's Magazine, The Washington Post, University Affairs Magazine, Toxic Avenger Magazine, and Electronic Gaming Monthly, have interviewed her about her work. In 2016, CBC Ideas produced "The Dangerous Game: Gamergate and the 'Alt-Right,'" a 40-minute radio documentary about her dissertation research, which was broadcast nationally. Vossen is an award-winning public speaker and the co-author and co-editor of the books Feminism in Play (Palgrace Macmillan, 2018) and the former editor-in-chief of First Person Scholar.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Vossen outlines her experiences in the game studies community from 2012 to 2022 focusing on the ludology vs narratology debate's impact on herself and other game scholars. She argues that these “debates” alienated many scholars looking to become part of the field by outlining a “right” and “wrong” way to study games. Vossen discusses how essays like “Genre Trouble” and the larger ludology vs narratology debate made her feel unwelcome as someone with a PhD in English examining issues of culture and gender in games. In the tradition of historiography, Vossen examines how the histories of the debate have been recorded, reinterpreted, perceived, and felt by multiple generations of scholars.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Vossen argues that the debate is the story of how the work of a few men who used similar theories and methods were canonized. Consequently, games-related work that uses other methodologies, often favoured by women and queer people, are marginalized and pushed to the fringes of the field. Vossen concludes that it is only by continuously discussing and addressing the failures of these early debates and their impact on game studies that we can undo the harm they have caused.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Vossen outlines her experiences in the game studies community from 2012 to 2022 focusing on the ludology vs narratology debate's impact on herself and other game scholars. She argues that these “debates” alienated many scholars looking to become part of the field by outlining a “right” and “wrong” way to study games. Vossen discusses how essays like “Genre Trouble” and the larger ludology vs narratology debate made her feel unwelcome as someone with a PhD in English examining issues of culture and gender in games. In the tradition of historiography, Vossen examines how the histories of the debate have been recorded, reinterpreted, perceived, and felt by multiple generations of scholars.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Vossen argues that the debate is the story of how the work of a few men who used similar theories and methods were canonized. Consequently, games-related work that uses other methodologies, often favoured by women and queer people, are marginalized and pushed to the fringes of the field. Vossen concludes that it is only by continuously discussing and addressing the failures of these early debates and their impact on game studies that we can undo the harm they have caused.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Why Are You Being an Ass on the Internet?</TitleText>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Jennifer deWinter (she/her) is Dean of Lewis College of Science and Letters at the Illinois Institute of Technology and affiliated faculty in the College of Computing and the Institute of Design. In her research, she analyzes anime, comics, and computer games as part of global media flows in order to understand how such concepts as “art,” “culture,” and “entertainment” are negotiated, with specific focus on Japan and the US. She is the author of Shigeru Miyamoto: Super Mario Bros., Donkey Kong, The Legend of Zelda (Bloomsbury, 2015) and co-editor of Video Game Policy: Production, Distribution and Consumption (Routledge, 2015) and Computer Games and Technical Communication: Critical Methods and Applications at the Intersection (Routledge, 2016). More recently, she is co-editing a book tentatively titled Multidisciplinary Mario: The Tensions of Game Studies as a Discipline with Gillian Smith and Hana Hanifah.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Vossen outlines her experiences in the game studies community from 2012 to 2022 focusing on the ludology vs narratology debate's impact on herself and other game scholars. She argues that these “debates” alienated many scholars looking to become part of the field by outlining a “right” and “wrong” way to study games. Vossen discusses how essays like “Genre Trouble” and the larger ludology vs narratology debate made her feel unwelcome as someone with a PhD in English examining issues of culture and gender in games. In the tradition of historiography, Vossen examines how the histories of the debate have been recorded, reinterpreted, perceived, and felt by multiple generations of scholars.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Vossen argues that the debate is the story of how the work of a few men who used similar theories and methods were canonized. Consequently, games-related work that uses other methodologies, often favoured by women and queer people, are marginalized and pushed to the fringes of the field. Vossen concludes that it is only by continuously discussing and addressing the failures of these early debates and their impact on game studies that we can undo the harm they have caused.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Vossen outlines her experiences in the game studies community from 2012 to 2022 focusing on the ludology vs narratology debate's impact on herself and other game scholars. She argues that these “debates” alienated many scholars looking to become part of the field by outlining a “right” and “wrong” way to study games. Vossen discusses how essays like “Genre Trouble” and the larger ludology vs narratology debate made her feel unwelcome as someone with a PhD in English examining issues of culture and gender in games. In the tradition of historiography, Vossen examines how the histories of the debate have been recorded, reinterpreted, perceived, and felt by multiple generations of scholars.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Vossen argues that the debate is the story of how the work of a few men who used similar theories and methods were canonized. Consequently, games-related work that uses other methodologies, often favoured by women and queer people, are marginalized and pushed to the fringes of the field. Vossen concludes that it is only by continuously discussing and addressing the failures of these early debates and their impact on game studies that we can undo the harm they have caused.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <Subtitle language="eng">An Interview with Espen Aarseth</Subtitle>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Cody Mejeur (they/them) is Assistant Professor of Game Studies at University at Buffalo, SUNY. Their work uses games to theorize narrative as an embodied and playful process that constructs how we understand ourselves, our realities, and our differences. They have published on games pedagogy, gender and queerness in games, and video game narratives and player experiences, and they are currently the game director for Trans Folks Walking, a narrative game about trans experiences. They are Director of the Amatryx Gaming Lab &amp;amp; Studio at UB and work with the LGBTQ Video Game Archive on preserving and visualizing LGBTQ representation. They are an executive council member for the International Society for the Study of Narrative and they served as Diversity Officer for the Digital Games Research Association.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Espen Aarseth (he/him) is Professor of Game Studies and head of the Center for Computer Games Research at the IT University of Copenhagen. He holds a Cand.Philol. in comparative literature and a Dr.Art. in humanistic informatics, both from the University of Bergen. He is co-founding Editor-in-Chief of the journal Game Studies (2001–) and author of Cybertext: Perspectives on Ergodic Literature (Johns Hopkins University Press, 1997), a foundational text in the fields of electronic literature, game studies, and new media studies. He received an ERC Advanced Grant for the project MSG — Making Sense of Games (2016–2021).&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Espen Aarseth is professor of game studies and head of the PhD School at the IT University of Copenhagen. He has served as the Editor-in-Chief of Game Studies: The International Journal of Computer Game Research since its founding in 2000. Frequently referred to as a founding figure in game studies and a prominent ludologist, he knows the arguments of the field through the years well through firsthand experience and many publications, including the still frequently cited Cybertext: Perspectives on Ergodic Literature. Aarseth’s work has frequently investigated the ontologies and typologies of games, and his recent research has examined the theories and uses of characters as they exist in games and other media. In this interview, Aarseth and Mejeur talk about Aarseth’s work in game studies, including his perspective on the disagreements, tensions, and misunderstandings in the field, as well as his hopes for its interdisciplinary futures. Topics include the process of establishing an interdisciplinary field, how game studies relates to other media and fields, academic departments and structures for game studies, regional differences in game studies, and current and future trends in the field.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Espen Aarseth is professor of game studies and head of the PhD School at the IT University of Copenhagen. He has served as the Editor-in-Chief of Game Studies: The International Journal of Computer Game Research since its founding in 2000. Frequently referred to as a founding figure in game studies and a prominent ludologist, he knows the arguments of the field through the years well through firsthand experience and many publications, including the still frequently cited Cybertext: Perspectives on Ergodic Literature. Aarseth’s work has frequently investigated the ontologies and typologies of games, and his recent research has examined the theories and uses of characters as they exist in games and other media. In this interview, Aarseth and Mejeur talk about Aarseth’s work in game studies, including his perspective on the disagreements, tensions, and misunderstandings in the field, as well as his hopes for its interdisciplinary futures. Topics include the process of establishing an interdisciplinary field, how game studies relates to other media and fields, academic departments and structures for game studies, regional differences in game studies, and current and future trends in the field.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Redirecting Ludification</TitleText>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Dennis Jansen (he/him) is a PhD candidate in the Department of Media and Culture Studies at Utrecht University. He was awarded a PhD in the Humanities grant by the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) for the project “The Becoming-Playful of Warfare in the Netherlands” (2021–2025). His research focuses on the the mobilization of play in the Dutch military-innovation complex and the increasing usage of training simulations, serious games, and drones by the Dutch Armed Forces. His previous work has appeared in Transformative Works and Cultures, Press Start, DiGRA, Interactive Storytelling, and First Person Scholar.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This chapter concerns the ludification of the university and the academic politics of game studies. It takes Joost Raessens’ work on the ludification of culture and the politics of serious games as emblematic of game studies’ general disinclination to fully reckon with the role of military technoscience and contemporary capitalism in shaping digital play. The chapter argues that the conceptual tools Raessens offers should be applied not just to games and culture, but to game studies itself and the university as well. Doing so allows us to critique the ongoing instrumentalization of play in the neoliberal university through its institutional interest in games as educational tools, the involvement of the defense industry in game research projects, and the technological acceleration of academic life.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This chapter concerns the ludification of the university and the academic politics of game studies. It takes Joost Raessens’ work on the ludification of culture and the politics of serious games as emblematic of game studies’ general disinclination to fully reckon with the role of military technoscience and contemporary capitalism in shaping digital play. The chapter argues that the conceptual tools Raessens offers should be applied not just to games and culture, but to game studies itself and the university as well. Doing so allows us to critique the ongoing instrumentalization of play in the neoliberal university through its institutional interest in games as educational tools, the involvement of the defense industry in game research projects, and the technological acceleration of academic life.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">What Video Games Have Taught Us</TitleText>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Kirk M. Lundblade (he/him) received his PhD from the Texts &amp;amp; Technology program at the University of Central Florida, and he is currently a postdoctoral researcher and applications programmer for the RICHES (Regional Initiative for Collecting History, Experiences, and Stories) project in the Department of History there. His research broadly examines how digital historical games shape and are shaped by popular conceptions of history, with his dissertation examining how the Crusader Kings community’s discrete constituencies engage with the cyclical (re)production and remediation of popular historical knowledge. His work has been published in the Journal of Gaming &amp;amp; Virtual Worlds as well as the Foundations of Digital Games proceedings.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This chapter examines boundary formation between game studies and games and learning in the past two decades. Beginning with the (re)formation of the field in the early 00s, the chapter focuses on the work of James Paul Gee–author of the pivotal monograph What Video Games Have Taught Us: Two Decades of Gaming and Learning–during this early period. A thorough examination of this scholarship suggests a necessary recontextualization of the popular narrative of decline, decay, and retreat offered in recent assessments of game studies.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Examination of Gee’s work and that of others during this period reveals less of a genuine move towards transdisciplinary scholarship and instead a more instrumental form of multidisciplinarity rooted in a shared desire for scholarly legitimacy; this multidisciplinary argument relies on a utopian framing to bind the scholars on either side of the nascent boundary in this early effort. The now-distinct separation between game studies and games and learning is revealed via close reading of this early scholarship’s attitudes towards capitalism and its role in the future of games. Finally, this work argues that–instead of a narrative of decline and failure–the evolution of game studies during this period is best characterized as a critical maturation which seeks to reflexively examine the conceptual flaws in the field’s early nods to cross-disciplinary work.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This chapter examines boundary formation between game studies and games and learning in the past two decades. Beginning with the (re)formation of the field in the early 00s, the chapter focuses on the work of James Paul Gee–author of the pivotal monograph What Video Games Have Taught Us: Two Decades of Gaming and Learning–during this early period. A thorough examination of this scholarship suggests a necessary recontextualization of the popular narrative of decline, decay, and retreat offered in recent assessments of game studies.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Examination of Gee’s work and that of others during this period reveals less of a genuine move towards transdisciplinary scholarship and instead a more instrumental form of multidisciplinarity rooted in a shared desire for scholarly legitimacy; this multidisciplinary argument relies on a utopian framing to bind the scholars on either side of the nascent boundary in this early effort. The now-distinct separation between game studies and games and learning is revealed via close reading of this early scholarship’s attitudes towards capitalism and its role in the future of games. Finally, this work argues that–instead of a narrative of decline and failure–the evolution of game studies during this period is best characterized as a critical maturation which seeks to reflexively examine the conceptual flaws in the field’s early nods to cross-disciplinary work.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Video or Digital?</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Exploring the Use of Terminology and Connected Approaches in the History of Game Studies</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Jasper van Vught</PersonName>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Jasper van Vught (he/him) is Assistant Professor of New Media and Games in the Department of Media and Culture Studies at Utrecht University. His research focuses on game theory and methodology, game ethics, and game history. He is part of the Centre for the Study of Digital Games and Play, has worked within an international research project into the age classification of games and has been involved with the Netherlands Institute for Sound and Vision to preserve and canonize Dutch game history. He co-authored the book Videogame Formalism: On Form, Aesthetic Experience and Methodology (Amsterdam University Press, 2023).&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Joris Veerbeek (he/him) is Lecturer at the department of Media and Culture studies at Utrecht University and junior researcher at Utrecht Data School. He specializes in computational text analysis for humanities research and conducts research on the dynamics of the public debate on social media and in traditional media, with a specific focus on the role of social institutions.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In this chapter, we use several computational text analyses methods to map the trends in game studies over the years connected to the use of specific terminology for our object of study (video game, computer game, digital game). Looking into a corpus of all the research articles published from 1999 onwards from a variety of game studies journals, we show how these terms are not just hollow descriptive categories but point to a cognitive reference point of more fitting approaches and points of interest. This becomes apparent in our finding that the term ‘video game’ correlates with scholarship on a variety of representational elements (e.g., ‘queer studies’, ‘game narrative’ and ‘gender studies’) much more so than the terms ‘digital game’ and ‘computer game’ do. It seems the visual emphasis of the prefix ‘video’ is (most likely unconsciously) inviting interest in the visual output of the medium, whereas ‘computer game’ and ‘digital game’ invite interest in its technological and medium-specific aspects. These findings serve as words of warning to be conscious of the terms we use for our object of study and the way in which these terms have and will encourage specific directions of our field.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In this chapter, we use several computational text analyses methods to map the trends in game studies over the years connected to the use of specific terminology for our object of study (video game, computer game, digital game). Looking into a corpus of all the research articles published from 1999 onwards from a variety of game studies journals, we show how these terms are not just hollow descriptive categories but point to a cognitive reference point of more fitting approaches and points of interest. This becomes apparent in our finding that the term ‘video game’ correlates with scholarship on a variety of representational elements (e.g., ‘queer studies’, ‘game narrative’ and ‘gender studies’) much more so than the terms ‘digital game’ and ‘computer game’ do. It seems the visual emphasis of the prefix ‘video’ is (most likely unconsciously) inviting interest in the visual output of the medium, whereas ‘computer game’ and ‘digital game’ invite interest in its technological and medium-specific aspects. These findings serve as words of warning to be conscious of the terms we use for our object of study and the way in which these terms have and will encourage specific directions of our field.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Of Parents and Siblings, Disciplines and Debates:</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Game Studies as Media Culture Studies and the Possibility of Schools of Thought</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Tobias Unterhuber</PersonName>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Tobias Unterhuber (he/him) studied modern German literature, comparative literature, and study of religion at LMU Munich and at the University of California, Berkeley. In 2018, he earned his PhD with his thesis on the works of Swiss author Christian Kracht. He is a post-doc for literature and media studies at the University of Innsbruck, where he also leads the game studies research group. His research interests include game studies, gender studies, discourse analysis, media history, specifically the media cultural history of games and play. He is co-editor of the game studies journal PAIDIA and the Zeitschrift für Fantastikforschung.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The inherent methodological pluralism of the humanities has shaped game studies from the very start.  Especially because as a field mostly defined by its research object, it not only draws on the traditions and established structures of one but of a plethora of disciplines. As an interdisciplinary /transdisciplinary field, game studies with its rudimentary institutionalization multiplied the methodological pluralism of its parental fields. Thus, the ludology versus narratology debate can be understood as an attempt to establish game studies as its own field and to separate it from its parental disciplines, especially literary studies. The approach of media culture studies offers a different framework for these relationships: fields concerned with different media formations under similar research interests, thus siblings. However, simultaneously, game studies is still informed by the concepts, structures and discussions of its former parental disciplines, especially conceptualizations what a research field even is. This macro-level does also influence the formation of research on a micro-level, e.g. the possibility of research groups evolving into schools of thought. The paper takes an exemplary look at the “Game Studies &amp;amp; Cultural Studies colloquium Munich” and the possibility of a “Munich school” and of schools of thought in game studies in general.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The inherent methodological pluralism of the humanities has shaped game studies from the very start.  Especially because as a field mostly defined by its research object, it not only draws on the traditions and established structures of one but of a plethora of disciplines. As an interdisciplinary /transdisciplinary field, game studies with its rudimentary institutionalization multiplied the methodological pluralism of its parental fields. Thus, the ludology versus narratology debate can be understood as an attempt to establish game studies as its own field and to separate it from its parental disciplines, especially literary studies. The approach of media culture studies offers a different framework for these relationships: fields concerned with different media formations under similar research interests, thus siblings. However, simultaneously, game studies is still informed by the concepts, structures and discussions of its former parental disciplines, especially conceptualizations what a research field even is. This macro-level does also influence the formation of research on a micro-level, e.g. the possibility of research groups evolving into schools of thought. The paper takes an exemplary look at the “Game Studies &amp;amp; Cultural Studies colloquium Munich” and the possibility of a “Munich school” and of schools of thought in game studies in general.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Queering the Game Studies Canon</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">A Polemical Reading of Roger Caillois’s "Man, Play and Games"</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Bo Ruberg</PersonName>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Bo Ruberg (they/them) is Associate Professor in the Department of Film and Media Studies at the University of California, Irvine and the co-editor of the Journal of Cinema and Media Studies. Their research explores gender and sexuality in digital media and digital cultures. They are the author of Video Games Have Always Been Queer (New York University Press, 2019), The Queer Games Avant-Garde: How LGBTQ Game Makers Are Reimagining the Medium of Video Games (Duke University Press, 2020), and Sex Dolls at Sea: Imagined Histories of Sexual Technologies (MIT Press, 2022). They are also the co-editor of Queer Game Studies (University of Minnesota Press, 2017) and Real Life in Real Time: Live Streaming Culture (MIT Press, 2023).&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Game studies is changing, as many scholars have noted, moving increasingly toward much-needed discussions of identity, culture, and power. Part of this shift has been the rise of queer game studies. However, the presumption that queerness is a relatively new topic for game studies overlooks the fact that, in certain key ways, queerness has been here all along. This chapter addresses one piece of video games’ queer past—namely, queer material that can be unearthed from the seemingly “straight” game studies canon—and explains how overlooking that past has continued to affect the present. A close reading of Roger Caillois’ 1958 Man, Play and Games, a foundational work for formalist game studies, reveals that the text can be read as deeply queer. Scenes of non-normative gender and sexual expression permeate the book, which foregrounds the relationship between play and queer pleasure. Ultimately, the goal of this chapter is not to reclaim Man, Play and Games, which is itself marred by racist and colonialist thinking. Instead, it serves as an indictment of game studies for distancing itself from the queerness of the very texts it claims as canon. Game studies has always been queer but the field has been built on disavowing that queerness.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Game studies is changing, as many scholars have noted, moving increasingly toward much-needed discussions of identity, culture, and power. Part of this shift has been the rise of queer game studies. However, the presumption that queerness is a relatively new topic for game studies overlooks the fact that, in certain key ways, queerness has been here all along. This chapter addresses one piece of video games’ queer past—namely, queer material that can be unearthed from the seemingly “straight” game studies canon—and explains how overlooking that past has continued to affect the present. A close reading of Roger Caillois’ 1958 Man, Play and Games, a foundational work for formalist game studies, reveals that the text can be read as deeply queer. Scenes of non-normative gender and sexual expression permeate the book, which foregrounds the relationship between play and queer pleasure. Ultimately, the goal of this chapter is not to reclaim Man, Play and Games, which is itself marred by racist and colonialist thinking. Instead, it serves as an indictment of game studies for distancing itself from the queerness of the very texts it claims as canon. Game studies has always been queer but the field has been built on disavowing that queerness.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <PersonName>Bo Ruberg</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Ken S. McAllister</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Innovation, Collaboration, Humanities? Yes!</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Judd Ethan Ruggill</PersonName>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Judd Ethan Ruggill (he/him) is Associate Dean of Academic Services in the Graduate College at the University of Arizona. He primarily researches play and the technologies, industries, and sociocultural phenomena that enable it. He has published and presented on topics ranging from archiving to xenolinguistics, and is currently working on a book with colleague Ken McAllister about collecting and preserving games.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In this interview, game studies pioneer Ken S. McAllister recounts coming to study games for a living, and how a career-threatening technology failure that wiped out a book project on miniaturization was actually a gift, creating the opportunity for him to write the first English-language book on the rhetoric of video games. In so doing, he recalls the inhospitable institutional and professional culture game studies scholars often encountered in the early days of the field, and the ways in which that culture provoked praxical and occasionally outlandish experiments in response. One of McAllister’s signature experiments from that era is the Learning Games Initiative, a transdisciplinary, inter-institutional research group he co-founded in 1999 to study, teach with, and build games. McAllister shares the origins of the group and highlights its longest running project, the Learning Games Initiative Research Archive. The Archive has since become one of the largest working collections of video game-related artifacts in the world and a laboratory for the theory and practice of electronic game collection, preservation, and conservation. McAllister draws on the collaborative, collegial, and international approaches he has explored through the Initiative and its Archive to speak to current and future game researchers.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In this interview, game studies pioneer Ken S. McAllister recounts coming to study games for a living, and how a career-threatening technology failure that wiped out a book project on miniaturization was actually a gift, creating the opportunity for him to write the first English-language book on the rhetoric of video games. In so doing, he recalls the inhospitable institutional and professional culture game studies scholars often encountered in the early days of the field, and the ways in which that culture provoked praxical and occasionally outlandish experiments in response. One of McAllister’s signature experiments from that era is the Learning Games Initiative, a transdisciplinary, inter-institutional research group he co-founded in 1999 to study, teach with, and build games. McAllister shares the origins of the group and highlights its longest running project, the Learning Games Initiative Research Archive. The Archive has since become one of the largest working collections of video game-related artifacts in the world and a laboratory for the theory and practice of electronic game collection, preservation, and conservation. McAllister draws on the collaborative, collegial, and international approaches he has explored through the Initiative and its Archive to speak to current and future game researchers.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Re-Historicizing Game Studies with C.L.R. James</TitleText>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Cameron Kunzelman (he/him) is Assistant Professor of Communication Studies and Theatre at Mercer University. He podcasts on the Ranged Touch network.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Michael Lutz (he/him) is an independent scholar, game developer, and narrative designer. He podcasts with the Ranged Touch network.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This essay considers what games studies might look like if Marxist critic C.L.R. James’ 1963 work of cultural criticism and biography Beyond A Boundary were accepted as a core, critical text in lieu of contemporary work that, while unquestionably central to the discipline, is primarily concerned with abstracted and typological models in attempts to theorize both games and play as universal ideals locatable outside history and culture. By contrast, James begins from his lived experience, focusing on the deep interrelations between his home of Trinidad, the sport of cricket, and colonial rule. James draws direct lines between the material political conditions of Trinidadians, including the racial codes of the British Empire, and how cricket was used to navigate the early 20th century mores around race and class on the island. We understand James as a theorist of play who engages the relationship between play and politics. It is undeniable that James produces a theory of play that is moveable and locatable beyond the circumstances delimited in the book, but it is the genre of his writing, and the way his reception is structured on racial grounds, that has prevented game studies from engaging with him directly.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This essay considers what games studies might look like if Marxist critic C.L.R. James’ 1963 work of cultural criticism and biography Beyond A Boundary were accepted as a core, critical text in lieu of contemporary work that, while unquestionably central to the discipline, is primarily concerned with abstracted and typological models in attempts to theorize both games and play as universal ideals locatable outside history and culture. By contrast, James begins from his lived experience, focusing on the deep interrelations between his home of Trinidad, the sport of cricket, and colonial rule. James draws direct lines between the material political conditions of Trinidadians, including the racial codes of the British Empire, and how cricket was used to navigate the early 20th century mores around race and class on the island. We understand James as a theorist of play who engages the relationship between play and politics. It is undeniable that James produces a theory of play that is moveable and locatable beyond the circumstances delimited in the book, but it is the genre of his writing, and the way his reception is structured on racial grounds, that has prevented game studies from engaging with him directly.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">A Story or a Machine?</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Revisiting the Work of Bohuslav Blažek, the Czechoslovak Pioneer of Game Studies</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Jaroslav Švelch</PersonName>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Jaroslav Švelch (he/him) is Associate Professor of Media Studies at Charles University, Prague, and a part-time Associate Professor of Game Studies with the Film and TV Faculty of Academy of Performing Arts in Prague. In his first monograph Gaming the Iron Curtain: How Teenagers and Amateurs in Communist Czechoslovakia Claimed the Medium of Computer Games (MIT Press, 2018), he traces the hidden histories of home computing and gaming in the former Soviet bloc. His second book, Player vs. Monster: The Making and Breaking of Video Game Monstrosity (MIT Press, 2023), offers a cultural history and a critique of the role of monsters in video games. He has also published work on local game production, humor in games, and video game voice acting. He is a co-founder of the Central and Eastern European Game Studies (CEEGS) conference and the inaugural chair of DiGRA Central and Eastern Europe (2022–).&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This chapter introduces the game scholarship of Bohuslav Blažek, a forgotten Czechoslovak pioneer of game studies who published several texts on games in the late 1980s as well as the book The Labyrinth of Computer Games (Bludiště počítačových her), published in 1990 but written in the final years of the Communist regime. Trained as a philosopher, psychologist, and filmmaker and better known for his work on theatre, media, and environmental issues, Blažek drew from an eclectic selection of literature and promoted play (including computer games) as a way towards a more participatory and communal post-industrial society. His 1990 book contains a sophisticated inquiry into the structure of computer games as a medium, anticipating some of the formative questions of game studies. One section headline asks whether computer games were “stories or machines,” predating the so-called “ludology versus narratology” debate by about a decade. Moreover, the book embodies an inclusive and interdisciplinary vision of games research that remains inspiring to this day. This chapter revisits Blažek’s writings on computer games and situates them in the background of his intellectual biography and the historical context of late socialist Czechoslovakia, offering an alternative to the Western-centric and Anglo-Saxon histories of the intellectual inquiry into digital games.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This chapter introduces the game scholarship of Bohuslav Blažek, a forgotten Czechoslovak pioneer of game studies who published several texts on games in the late 1980s as well as the book The Labyrinth of Computer Games (Bludiště počítačových her), published in 1990 but written in the final years of the Communist regime. Trained as a philosopher, psychologist, and filmmaker and better known for his work on theatre, media, and environmental issues, Blažek drew from an eclectic selection of literature and promoted play (including computer games) as a way towards a more participatory and communal post-industrial society. His 1990 book contains a sophisticated inquiry into the structure of computer games as a medium, anticipating some of the formative questions of game studies. One section headline asks whether computer games were “stories or machines,” predating the so-called “ludology versus narratology” debate by about a decade. Moreover, the book embodies an inclusive and interdisciplinary vision of games research that remains inspiring to this day. This chapter revisits Blažek’s writings on computer games and situates them in the background of his intellectual biography and the historical context of late socialist Czechoslovakia, offering an alternative to the Western-centric and Anglo-Saxon histories of the intellectual inquiry into digital games.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <PersonName>Jaroslav Švelch</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">On the Political Function of Triflers and Spoilsports in Game Studies</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Liam Mitchell</PersonName>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Liam Mitchell (he/him) is Associate Professor of Cultural Studies at Trent University in Peterborough, Canada. His work theorizes the relationship between media, culture, and the political by paying close attention to particular technological artifacts, practices, and phenomena, particularly those objects associated with digital and social media. He is the author of Ludopolitics: Videogames against Control (Zer0 Books, 2018).&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Conventional gameplay requires that players follow rules and aim for goals. Unconventional gameplay does not: cheats ignore rules, triflers ignore goals, and spoilsports ignore both. These unconventional modes of gameplay seem to be perennial preoccupations for those scholars concerned with the relationship between games and life, or with a political reading of games. Since the field’s inception, game studies scholars have conceived of these unconventional modes of play in metonymical or indexical terms, turning cheats, triflers, and spoilsports into different kinds of social actors who trouble the laws and conventions of society in different ways. Setting aside the comparatively straightforward rule breaking of the cheat, in this chapter I review four books – John Huizinga’s Homo Ludens, Bernard Suits’ The Grasshopper, James Carse’s Finite and Infinite Games, and McKenzie Wark’s Gamer Theory – that cast the trifler and spoilsport as complicated agents of social change.  By demonstrating the affinity between these texts, I resituate the figures of the trifler and the spoilsport in the field of game studies and identify a normative and philosophical framework for thinking about games that is grounded in a radical critique of the present.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Conventional gameplay requires that players follow rules and aim for goals. Unconventional gameplay does not: cheats ignore rules, triflers ignore goals, and spoilsports ignore both. These unconventional modes of gameplay seem to be perennial preoccupations for those scholars concerned with the relationship between games and life, or with a political reading of games. Since the field’s inception, game studies scholars have conceived of these unconventional modes of play in metonymical or indexical terms, turning cheats, triflers, and spoilsports into different kinds of social actors who trouble the laws and conventions of society in different ways. Setting aside the comparatively straightforward rule breaking of the cheat, in this chapter I review four books – John Huizinga’s Homo Ludens, Bernard Suits’ The Grasshopper, James Carse’s Finite and Infinite Games, and McKenzie Wark’s Gamer Theory – that cast the trifler and spoilsport as complicated agents of social change.  By demonstrating the affinity between these texts, I resituate the figures of the trifler and the spoilsport in the field of game studies and identify a normative and philosophical framework for thinking about games that is grounded in a radical critique of the present.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">My Mother Was a Jump Rope Rhyme</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">A Game Studies That Might Have Been</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Carly A. Kocurek</PersonName>
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            <ProfessionalPosition>Professor of Digital Humanities and Media Studies</ProfessionalPosition>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Carly A. Kocurek (she/her) is Professor of Digital Humanities and Media Studies at the Illinois Institute of Technology. She researches the cultural history of video games with an emphasis on gender identity. Her books include Coin-Operated Americans: Rebooting Boyhood at the Video Game Arcade (University of Minnesota Press, 2015) and Brenda Laurel: Pioneering Games for Girls (Bloomsbury, 2017), and, with Matthew Thomas Payne, Ultima and Worldbuilding in the Computer Role-Playing Game (Amherst, 2024). She is researching the history and impact of the games for girls movement as part of a project funded by the National Science Foundation. Her articles have appeared in outlets including The American Journal of Play, Feminist Media Histories, Game Studies, Velvet Light Trap, and others.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Children arguing over the rules of tag know that games are complex negotiations of power systems drawn from their material, political, and social context. Awareness of these power dynamics has long been a central concern in play studies. However, game studies is frequently situated as separate from play studies and continues to draw on Huizinga’s legacy, often replicating an elitism and naivete that Margaret Carlisle Duncan first pointed out 40 years ago. This chapter imagines a game studies more closely aligned with play studies. Considering the key findings of researchers such as Carlisle Duncan, Miriam Forman-Brunell, Brenda Laurel, Kyra Gaunt, Vivan Gussin Paley, Linda Hughes, Maria Montessori, and Iona and Peter Opie this chapter interrogates how the relative marginality of these thinkers in game studies reflects an entrenched masculinist impulse to devalue both women thinkers and young girls and their concerns. By engaging works such as Gaunt’s groundbreaking study of Black girls’ jump rope rhymes and Miriam Forman-Brunell’s exhaustive research on dolls both as cultural artifacts and richly meaningful playthings, I suggest a reconceptualized game studies in which certain types of video games are not arbitrarily cleaved from the broader study of areas such as leisure, play, and girlhood.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Children arguing over the rules of tag know that games are complex negotiations of power systems drawn from their material, political, and social context. Awareness of these power dynamics has long been a central concern in play studies. However, game studies is frequently situated as separate from play studies and continues to draw on Huizinga’s legacy, often replicating an elitism and naivete that Margaret Carlisle Duncan first pointed out 40 years ago. This chapter imagines a game studies more closely aligned with play studies. Considering the key findings of researchers such as Carlisle Duncan, Miriam Forman-Brunell, Brenda Laurel, Kyra Gaunt, Vivan Gussin Paley, Linda Hughes, Maria Montessori, and Iona and Peter Opie this chapter interrogates how the relative marginality of these thinkers in game studies reflects an entrenched masculinist impulse to devalue both women thinkers and young girls and their concerns. By engaging works such as Gaunt’s groundbreaking study of Black girls’ jump rope rhymes and Miriam Forman-Brunell’s exhaustive research on dolls both as cultural artifacts and richly meaningful playthings, I suggest a reconceptualized game studies in which certain types of video games are not arbitrarily cleaved from the broader study of areas such as leisure, play, and girlhood.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Reflecting on the Evolution of Intersectional Game Studies</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">An Interview with Lisa Nakamura</Subtitle>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Sarah Christina Ganzon (she/her) is Assistant Professor of the School of Communication at Simon Fraser University. Her research revolves mostly around the areas of game studies and digital fandom. Recently, she finished her thesis on otome games in English and otome game players. Some of her work has appeared in journals such as Games and Culture, Critical Studies in Media Communication, Human Tech, and Transformative Works and Cultures. She holds a PhD in Communication Studies from Concordia University and an MA in English Literature from Cardiff University. Previously, she also taught courses at the University of the Philippines, University of Santo Tomas, Far Eastern University and Concordia University.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Lisa Nakamura (she/her) is the Gwendolyn Calvert Baker Collegiate Professor in the Department of American Cultures at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. She is the founding Director of the Digital Studies Institute at the University of Michigan and has been writing about digital media, race, and gender since 1994. She has written books and articles on digital bodies, race, and gender in online environments, on toxicity in video game culture, and the many reasons that Internet research needs ethnic and gender studies.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In this interview, Nakamura reflects on her experiences writing and teaching about digital culture, games, race and gender–from her first publications in the 90s towards more contemporary work that shed light on toxic cultures, digital labor and narratives that render women of color invisible in media histories. In doing so, she provides a history of some of the earliest intersectional work in game studies and digital media. These reflections and histories told by one female scholar of color to another provide a window into the labor of intersectional work in game studies, how far we have come, and how far we have yet to go.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In this interview, Nakamura reflects on her experiences writing and teaching about digital culture, games, race and gender–from her first publications in the 90s towards more contemporary work that shed light on toxic cultures, digital labor and narratives that render women of color invisible in media histories. In doing so, she provides a history of some of the earliest intersectional work in game studies and digital media. These reflections and histories told by one female scholar of color to another provide a window into the labor of intersectional work in game studies, how far we have come, and how far we have yet to go.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Unveiling the Path</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Seeing and Doing Game Studies from a Sámi Perspective</Subtitle>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Outi Kaarina Laiti (she/her) is a Sámi game researcher and designer. She is a postdoctoral researcher at the University of Helsinki, focusing on the intersection of education, computer science, and Sámi culture in video games and programming. Laiti promotes Sámi game developers and has coached an elderly eSports team. She was recognized as one of GamesIndustry.biz’s 100 Game Changers in 2020 for her efforts to increase accessibility in the industry. Laiti has actively organized game development events in the Sámi homeland, Sápmi, and co-created Sami Game Jams to encourage Indigenous innovation and cultural representation in gaming. Her doctoral thesis “Old Ways of Knowing, New Ways of Playing,” published in January 2021, discusses the potential of collaborative game design to empower Indigenous Sámi.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In this chapter I explore how a Sámi worldview can be present, and how to employ Sámi methodologies, in the field of game studies. In this chapter I continue the work of Indigenous methodological thinkers and ground my work in the long line of Sámi dutkama máttut, the methodological thinkers in all the fields where Sámi research is present. This chapter is an autoethnographic description of how my research on Sámi digital games has reshaped game studies, and it is based on my field notes and reflections on the process that led to a doctoral dissertation in the field of Sámi game studies. By describing the process of unveiling the path, I introduce a way to employ Sámi methodologies in game studies and discuss the ways in which Indigenous epistemologies can be present in game studies practice. Furthermore, I discuss how Indigenous and non-Indigenous game studies can form a dialogue without jeopardizing Indigenous sovereignty over research.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In this chapter I explore how a Sámi worldview can be present, and how to employ Sámi methodologies, in the field of game studies. In this chapter I continue the work of Indigenous methodological thinkers and ground my work in the long line of Sámi dutkama máttut, the methodological thinkers in all the fields where Sámi research is present. This chapter is an autoethnographic description of how my research on Sámi digital games has reshaped game studies, and it is based on my field notes and reflections on the process that led to a doctoral dissertation in the field of Sámi game studies. By describing the process of unveiling the path, I introduce a way to employ Sámi methodologies in game studies and discuss the ways in which Indigenous epistemologies can be present in game studies practice. Furthermore, I discuss how Indigenous and non-Indigenous game studies can form a dialogue without jeopardizing Indigenous sovereignty over research.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Anthropology, Play Studies, and the Entanglements of Game Studies</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Two Roads Diverged in an Ivory Wood</Subtitle>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Laya Liebeseller (they/any) is a play scholar, game designer, and anthropologist. Their current design work focuses on imagining queer futures and horror in its relation to current social dynamics. In their academic work they study play during pandemic times. Since 2013, they have worked with live-action roleplay communities, tabletop roleplaying communities, and most recently alternate reality game communities. Their ongoing dissertation research details analog game communities, their abrupt transition online in 2020, and the continuing ramifications.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Josh Rivers (he/him) holds a PhD in Anthropology from the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, at the time of publication, is a Research Manager at Xbox. His research interests reside at the nexus of queer theory, institutions, and video games. Past projects include his dissertation work, an ethnographic exploration of how the Icelandic cultural context of CCP Games impacted the manner in which the corporation architects ethics into the fabric of their massively-multiplayer online game, EVE Online, as well as an ethnographic analysis of queer community-making in Final Fantasy XIV.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Game Studies is a robust interdisciplinary field that has succeeded in incorporating myriad methodological and theoretical positionalities, yet there remain voices from the discipline’s past and its margins that go unheard or  forgotten. In this article, we trace the history of The Association of the Study of Play (TASP), originally founded in 1973 as The Association of the Anthropological Study of Play (TAASP), and its entanglement with, as well as disentanglement from, the broader discipline of Anthropology in order to highlight the social mess à la John Law that is involved in the institutionalization of a set of research interests and thereby ‘legitimization’ of a field. In doing so, we speak to the inherent pitfalls involved in demarcating a discipline’s boundaries while challenging Game Studies scholars to consider the entanglements of their field. This tracing of the entanglements between TASP, Anthropology, Game Studies, and Play Studies aims to serve as a reminder that no discipline is immune from losing sight of its past and no field ought to forego searching the annals of its own history, both for what has been lost or purposefully ignored.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Game Studies is a robust interdisciplinary field that has succeeded in incorporating myriad methodological and theoretical positionalities, yet there remain voices from the discipline’s past and its margins that go unheard or  forgotten. In this article, we trace the history of The Association of the Study of Play (TASP), originally founded in 1973 as The Association of the Anthropological Study of Play (TAASP), and its entanglement with, as well as disentanglement from, the broader discipline of Anthropology in order to highlight the social mess à la John Law that is involved in the institutionalization of a set of research interests and thereby ‘legitimization’ of a field. In doing so, we speak to the inherent pitfalls involved in demarcating a discipline’s boundaries while challenging Game Studies scholars to consider the entanglements of their field. This tracing of the entanglements between TASP, Anthropology, Game Studies, and Play Studies aims to serve as a reminder that no discipline is immune from losing sight of its past and no field ought to forego searching the annals of its own history, both for what has been lost or purposefully ignored.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Autoethnographic Denial</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">The Disavowal of Game Studies’ Most Fundamental Methodology and the Struggle for Its Realization</Subtitle>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Despite the centrality of autoethnography in the historical emergence of critical video game analysis—and despite recognition from game studies scholars that players’ situated subjectivities and embodied experiences are inextricable aspects of gameplay—the field of game studies has developed an enduring habit of disparaging the use of autoethnography.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The purpose of this chapter, then, is to examine the history of autoethnography in the field: so pivotal, and yet so denied. I chronicle the ways that the field has largely abstained from conducting autoethnographies, even as autoethnography’s increasingly undeniable significance continues to emerge in the generative experiential-intellectual knowledges from marginalized scholars’ critical, political storytelling. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The chapter is, itself, an autoethnography. Interspersed throughout my analysis, I recount my own history with autoethnographic research, which started in denial. I use this story to emphasize the need for future scholarship that more thoroughly explicates how to conduct autoethnographies pertaining to videogames and gaming cultures. And in conclusion, I urge that the field continue to build upon the rich and growing body of autoethnographic research; to develop novel approaches to autoethnography that contest the dominant standards of academic scholarship and publishing practices; and to embrace autoethnography as a uniquely defining feature of the field.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Despite the centrality of autoethnography in the historical emergence of critical video game analysis—and despite recognition from game studies scholars that players’ situated subjectivities and embodied experiences are inextricable aspects of gameplay—the field of game studies has developed an enduring habit of disparaging the use of autoethnography.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The purpose of this chapter, then, is to examine the history of autoethnography in the field: so pivotal, and yet so denied. I chronicle the ways that the field has largely abstained from conducting autoethnographies, even as autoethnography’s increasingly undeniable significance continues to emerge in the generative experiential-intellectual knowledges from marginalized scholars’ critical, political storytelling. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The chapter is, itself, an autoethnography. Interspersed throughout my analysis, I recount my own history with autoethnographic research, which started in denial. I use this story to emphasize the need for future scholarship that more thoroughly explicates how to conduct autoethnographies pertaining to videogames and gaming cultures. And in conclusion, I urge that the field continue to build upon the rich and growing body of autoethnographic research; to develop novel approaches to autoethnography that contest the dominant standards of academic scholarship and publishing practices; and to embrace autoethnography as a uniquely defining feature of the field.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Down on Luck</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Examining the Pervasive Merit-Based Logics in Game Studies</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Michael Anthony DeAnda</PersonName>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Michael Anthony DeAnda (fae/faer, use my name) is Senior Professional Lecturer at DePaul University, serving as the chair of the Game Design Program Committee and the Human Centered Design PhD Program Committee and Director of the School of Design Summer Impact Grant Program. Michael researches games as spaces for world-building by studying latinx and queer studies and lived experiences and considering how these speak intimately to games. Michael has published in Design Issues, Convergence, Technical Communications Quarterly, The Journal of Popular Culture, The Video Game Art Reader, Queer Studies in Media and Popular Culture, and Widerscreens. As a scholar–practitioner, Michael develops games that draw from latinx and LGBTQ+ lived experiences to disrupt our assumptions about the world around us and reshape the way we imagine systems.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This chapter examines how game studies diminishes chance and privileges skill, situating these in a dichotomy. Such privileging prevents us from understanding chance in games in more meaningful ways. Chance is often read as a game system that casts players in passive roles at the whim of fate and unyielding indiscrimination. However, the focus on skill perpetuates readings of games as systems of meritocracy and player domination. The divide between skill and chance in games studies is historically used to differentiate games as “good” objects worthy of critical attention from gambling, “bad” objects attached deviance. Furthermore, the skill/chance dichotomy reinforces gender binarism, linking skill to masculinity while feminizing chance. Take seriously games of chance points to opportunities for game studies to look beyond the procedural and diegetic operations of the games and consider ways communities deploy games for socializing and formation of community identity. Reimagining how we synthesize chance and skill in games will complicate the way we theorize and design games.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This chapter examines how game studies diminishes chance and privileges skill, situating these in a dichotomy. Such privileging prevents us from understanding chance in games in more meaningful ways. Chance is often read as a game system that casts players in passive roles at the whim of fate and unyielding indiscrimination. However, the focus on skill perpetuates readings of games as systems of meritocracy and player domination. The divide between skill and chance in games studies is historically used to differentiate games as “good” objects worthy of critical attention from gambling, “bad” objects attached deviance. Furthermore, the skill/chance dichotomy reinforces gender binarism, linking skill to masculinity while feminizing chance. Take seriously games of chance points to opportunities for game studies to look beyond the procedural and diegetic operations of the games and consider ways communities deploy games for socializing and formation of community identity. Reimagining how we synthesize chance and skill in games will complicate the way we theorize and design games.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">The Separation of Analog and Digital Game Studies</TitleText>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Evan Torner (he/him) is Associate Professor of German Studies at the University of Cincinnati, where he directs the Undergraduate Program in German as well as the UC Game Lab. His work examines the processes and ideologies of cultural production, with a primary focus on the popular media of German-speaking countries as well as niche media of small-press tabletop role-playing games (RPG) and international live-action role-play (larp) communities. As a games scholar, he co-edited Immersive Gameplay (McFarland, 2012) with William J. White, co-founded and serves as an editor for the journal Analog Game Studies, and serves as associate editor for the International Journal of Role-Playing. As a game designer, he has had stand-alone and anthology work published in at least six different languages and written many RPG scenarios for Danish convention Fastaval, including the award-winning Save Some Light for Me (2019). As a community organizer, he co-founded the Golden Cobra Challenge, co-organized the 2017 US run of the queer Norwegian larp Just A Little Lovin’, and co-organized Origins Games on Demand.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The essay speculates on underlying historical reasons for Game Studies’ relative neglect of non-digital or analog games in favor of digital games. Despite calls by leaders in the field to include non-digital games in their purview, the emphasis on digital games has taken root and produced a number of biases in research, hiring, teaching, and promotion. The reasons given for this oversight, despite a contemporary renaissance in analog games, are numerous. The 1980s Satanic Panic proved more a public-sphere detriment to hobbyist analog games than the 1990s anti-video-game-violence movement to video games. In its wake, the “gamer” identity was connected with a masculine-oriented first-person-shooter culture, over other gaming cultures. The sheer economic scale of video games cannot be ignored, and this scale was the point of argumentation for the foundation of many Games programs in higher education. Games have been cynically incorporated into these programs for purposes of outreach and enrollment, not real academic interest from administrations. Finally, film and media studies doubled down on its investment in moving images on screens over a more capacious understanding of media, which would otherwise include analog games.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The essay speculates on underlying historical reasons for Game Studies’ relative neglect of non-digital or analog games in favor of digital games. Despite calls by leaders in the field to include non-digital games in their purview, the emphasis on digital games has taken root and produced a number of biases in research, hiring, teaching, and promotion. The reasons given for this oversight, despite a contemporary renaissance in analog games, are numerous. The 1980s Satanic Panic proved more a public-sphere detriment to hobbyist analog games than the 1990s anti-video-game-violence movement to video games. In its wake, the “gamer” identity was connected with a masculine-oriented first-person-shooter culture, over other gaming cultures. The sheer economic scale of video games cannot be ignored, and this scale was the point of argumentation for the foundation of many Games programs in higher education. Games have been cynically incorporated into these programs for purposes of outreach and enrollment, not real academic interest from administrations. Finally, film and media studies doubled down on its investment in moving images on screens over a more capacious understanding of media, which would otherwise include analog games.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Navigating Public History and Game Preservation</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">In Conversation with the Computerspielemuseum</Subtitle>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Racquel M. Gonzales is the Director of Interpretative Engagement at the Memorial Art Gallery of the University of Rochester in New York. A trained ethnographer and oral historian, she holds a Ph.D. in Visual Studies and a certificate in Gender and Sexuality Studies from University of California, Irvine, an MA in Media Studies from University of Texas at Austin, and a ba in Cinematic Arts with a minor in Classics from University of Southern California. Her previous roles include stints at The Strong National Museum of Play, University of California, Irvine, and Laguna College of Art and Design.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In this conversation, Dr. Racquel M. Gonzales (Research Historian, The Strong National Museum of Play, Rochester, New York) interviews staff of Berlin’s Computerspielemuseum about the role of a museum in the work of public history. Gameshouse gGmbH managing director Dr. Klaus Spieler discusses how the museum emerged at a fraught time in Germany’s national relationship with game content and culture alongside the continued impact of regulation. Technical director Matthias Oborski and curator Philipp Frei offer perspectives on collecting, preserving, and exhibiting game history for archival researchers and non-specialist audiences. We reflect on the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, and grapple with the roles museums should play in the future of game studies. The discussion offers insights on game history developed outside the United States and the practice of public history while navigating various stakeholders—institutional, governmental, industrial, public—that shape the narratives we craft and histories we preserve in museums and archives.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In this conversation, Dr. Racquel M. Gonzales (Research Historian, The Strong National Museum of Play, Rochester, New York) interviews staff of Berlin’s Computerspielemuseum about the role of a museum in the work of public history. Gameshouse gGmbH managing director Dr. Klaus Spieler discusses how the museum emerged at a fraught time in Germany’s national relationship with game content and culture alongside the continued impact of regulation. Technical director Matthias Oborski and curator Philipp Frei offer perspectives on collecting, preserving, and exhibiting game history for archival researchers and non-specialist audiences. We reflect on the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, and grapple with the roles museums should play in the future of game studies. The discussion offers insights on game history developed outside the United States and the practice of public history while navigating various stakeholders—institutional, governmental, industrial, public—that shape the narratives we craft and histories we preserve in museums and archives.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Archiving Play, Archiving Histories</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Preserving Games Hardware, Software, and Experience</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Lee W. Hibbard</PersonName>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Lee W. Hibbard (he/him, they/them) has a PhD in Rhetoric and Composition from Purdue University and is Lecturer in Technical Communication at University of Michigan College of Engineering. His research interests include archive theory and practice, professional writing, game studies and game design, new media texts, digital rhetorics, fandom communities, queer studies, and identity formation, and a lot of his interest intersects with his experiences as a queer nonbinary transgender man. His work with the Strong Museum is part of his dissertation research into the intersections of archiving, queerness, and games, and he is thrilled to share this work and his passion for diving deep into the history of games and gaming culture in this collection. In his spare time he collects old consoles, avoids digital-only copies of games, and loves an old-fashioned round of arcade Tetris.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This chapter considers the importance of preserving games in both physical and metaphysical contexts by examining current archival efforts to catalog and share games and play experiences with future generations and consider their position within game studies. It highlights work being done in three archival contexts -- The Strong Museum of Play, the LGBTQ+ Video Game Archive, and the Learning Games Initiative. This includes an examination of each of their mission and goals, selectivity and rationale, and methods and processes, and each section includes interviews with current directors and founders of the archives in question. The work of these specific organizations, archives, and museums, while varying widely, provides a demonstration of not only the methods being undertaken to preserve game history, but the importance of that work amongst those organizations and individuals. This investigation demonstrates not only how diverse and varied games and play experiences are now, but how much of gaming history already contains those diverse experiences. By examining current preservation efforts, this chapter not only highlights how diverse and varied preservation efforts are in games and play, but demonstrates the importance of examining the archival work being done to preserve the fragile and tenuous technologies and voices surrounding games and play.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This chapter considers the importance of preserving games in both physical and metaphysical contexts by examining current archival efforts to catalog and share games and play experiences with future generations and consider their position within game studies. It highlights work being done in three archival contexts -- The Strong Museum of Play, the LGBTQ+ Video Game Archive, and the Learning Games Initiative. This includes an examination of each of their mission and goals, selectivity and rationale, and methods and processes, and each section includes interviews with current directors and founders of the archives in question. The work of these specific organizations, archives, and museums, while varying widely, provides a demonstration of not only the methods being undertaken to preserve game history, but the importance of that work amongst those organizations and individuals. This investigation demonstrates not only how diverse and varied games and play experiences are now, but how much of gaming history already contains those diverse experiences. By examining current preservation efforts, this chapter not only highlights how diverse and varied preservation efforts are in games and play, but demonstrates the importance of examining the archival work being done to preserve the fragile and tenuous technologies and voices surrounding games and play.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Ludic Dissertations</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">“Level 101” and Video Games as Playable Scholarship</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Justin Wigard</PersonName>
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            <ProfessionalPosition>Assistant Professor of 20th- and 21st-Century US Literature</ProfessionalPosition>
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            <Affiliation>University of North Dakota</Affiliation>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Justin Wigard (he/him) is Assistant Professor of 20th- and 21st-Century US Literature at University of North Dakota, where he works and teaches in comics studies, game studies, and digital humanities. Along with Mitch Ploskonka, Justin is co-editor of Attack of the New B Movies: Essays on SYFY Original Films (McFarland Press, 2023). He has published games scholarship in Cinergie, Unbound, Vault of Culture, and various edited collections. His next project examines the long publishing history of the Indigenous character Turok across comics, games, and even animation.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This chapter traces a divide between critical and creative camps within game studies’ history, offering some accounting of where this stems from, along with how it has grown and shifted particularly in relation to other fields. Topics include the historical inaccessibility of game development knowledge, software, even hardware; successful attempts to bridge this gap, along with common roadblocks; and the academy’s resistance to consideration of alternative scholarship forms.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Alongside this historiography, I work through the premise, methodology, and stakes of creating a short, playable video game as my dissertation: Level 101: A Video Game About Video Games. Drawing on other alternative dissertations (e.g. Sousanis, Carson, Visconti), my dissertation explores, explains, and interrogates the video game medium on several levels in order to understand the medium through a methodology of play. Ultimately, this chapter speculates on what future game studies may look like by embracing playable criticism as a mode of scholarly discourse, by embracing games as our mode of critical inquiry, not just our subjects of observation. It also acknowledges the laborious efforts involved with such endeavors, and offers potential paths forward for future game scholar-makers.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This chapter traces a divide between critical and creative camps within game studies’ history, offering some accounting of where this stems from, along with how it has grown and shifted particularly in relation to other fields. Topics include the historical inaccessibility of game development knowledge, software, even hardware; successful attempts to bridge this gap, along with common roadblocks; and the academy’s resistance to consideration of alternative scholarship forms.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Alongside this historiography, I work through the premise, methodology, and stakes of creating a short, playable video game as my dissertation: Level 101: A Video Game About Video Games. Drawing on other alternative dissertations (e.g. Sousanis, Carson, Visconti), my dissertation explores, explains, and interrogates the video game medium on several levels in order to understand the medium through a methodology of play. Ultimately, this chapter speculates on what future game studies may look like by embracing playable criticism as a mode of scholarly discourse, by embracing games as our mode of critical inquiry, not just our subjects of observation. It also acknowledges the laborious efforts involved with such endeavors, and offers potential paths forward for future game scholar-makers.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Navigating a Complex Space</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">An Interview with Henry Jenkins</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>betsy brey</PersonName>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;betsy brey (she/her) is a PhD candidate in the Department of English Language and Literature at the University of Waterloo. Her research focuses on queering narratology in video games. She is particularly interested in the intersections of game play and narrative structure, and how game stories are perceived and constructed by communities of fans. Focusing on games and communities like Dragon Age, Skyrim, Five Nights at Freddy’s, Twitch Plays Pokemon, or Critical Role, Betsy’s research takes an intersectional approach to games and game narratives. Additionally, her work examines the social and cultural practices of the communities that play or enjoy these games, including questions of collaboration, digital labor, canonicity, and the cultural economies of fans and fandoms.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Henry Jenkins is the author or editor of twenty books on various aspects of media and popular culture. Among his best known works are Textual Poachers: Television Fans, Participatory Culture (Routledge, 1992), Convergence Culture: Where Old and New Media Collide (New York University Press, 2008), Spreadable Media: Creating Meaning and Value in a Networked Culture (New York University Press, 2013), By Any Media Necessary: The New Youth Activism (New York University Press, 2016), Popular Culture and the Civic Imagination: Case Studies of Creative Social Change (New York University Press, 2020), and Comics and Stuff (New York University Press, 2020).&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Henry Jenkins is Provost Professor of Communication, Journalism, Cinematic Arts and Education at the University of Southern California—or as he likes to put it, “Professor of Miscellaneous Studies” or just “media scholar at USC.” A prolific author, Jenkins has author and editor more than 20 books including Textual Poachers,  Convergence Culture: Where Old and New Media Collide,  Fans, Gamers, Bloggers,  and most recently, Comics and Stuff  in addition to hundreds of articles on a variety all sorts of pop culture and digital culture subjects, looking at fan communities, comics, the internet, film, and much more, including a very active period working on video games, writing well-known and well-cited pieces such as “Games as Narrative Architecture,”  “Games: The New Lively Art,”  and “Popular Culture as Politics, Politics as Popular Culture.” Jenkins, however, no longer considers himself a game scholar—an interesting distinction. This raises the question, “what does it mean to do game studies?,” in this interview Jenkins and I discuss the roots of game studies as an area of study and its development into a unique and sometimes baffling field. Reflecting on his journey through the development of the field, Jenkins describes the spaces of game studies as they were shifting from an area closely aligned with industry and popular culture towards a more isolated academic field pushed away from development spaces. From the sparking of his interest in play and spatial properties of games, to his defense of video games in front of the US Senate, to his scapegoated position in the ludology/narratology debate, Jenkins has seen the field from many perspectives—most importantly, he sees the field from outside of it now.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Henry Jenkins is Provost Professor of Communication, Journalism, Cinematic Arts and Education at the University of Southern California—or as he likes to put it, “Professor of Miscellaneous Studies” or just “media scholar at USC.” A prolific author, Jenkins has author and editor more than 20 books including Textual Poachers,  Convergence Culture: Where Old and New Media Collide,  Fans, Gamers, Bloggers,  and most recently, Comics and Stuff  in addition to hundreds of articles on a variety all sorts of pop culture and digital culture subjects, looking at fan communities, comics, the internet, film, and much more, including a very active period working on video games, writing well-known and well-cited pieces such as “Games as Narrative Architecture,”  “Games: The New Lively Art,”  and “Popular Culture as Politics, Politics as Popular Culture.” Jenkins, however, no longer considers himself a game scholar—an interesting distinction. This raises the question, “what does it mean to do game studies?,” in this interview Jenkins and I discuss the roots of game studies as an area of study and its development into a unique and sometimes baffling field. Reflecting on his journey through the development of the field, Jenkins describes the spaces of game studies as they were shifting from an area closely aligned with industry and popular culture towards a more isolated academic field pushed away from development spaces. From the sparking of his interest in play and spatial properties of games, to his defense of video games in front of the US Senate, to his scapegoated position in the ludology/narratology debate, Jenkins has seen the field from many perspectives—most importantly, he sees the field from outside of it now.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Is It All Just Cultural Studies?</TitleText>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Adrienne Shaw (she/her) is Associate Professor in Temple University’s Department of Media Studies and Production and a graduate faculty member in the Lew Klein College of Media and Communication. Her book Gaming at the Edge: Sexuality and Gender at the Margins of Gamer Culture (University of Minnesota Press, 2014) won the 2016 Outstanding Book Award from the Popular Communication Division of the International Communication Association. She is a founder of the LGBTQ Game Archive (www.lgbtqgamearchive.com) and co-curated Rainbow Arcade, an exhibit of 30 years of LGBTQ video game history at the Schwules Museum in Berlin, Germany (2018–2019). In addition to the exhibit catalog, she has written for and co-edited three anthologies. She became a Higher Education Video Game Alliance Fellow in 2018. She is a series editor for NYU Press’s Critical Cultural Communication series and on the editorial board of six academic journals.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In this essay, I explore how my particular experiences have shaped my identity as a communication and media studies scholar who specializes in LGBTQ+ game studies. As someone who entered graduate school in 2005, I was not among the early cohort of scholars making a case for games being a viable topic of study at all (several journals and professional organizations were already established around that time). But neither did I have access to any established notion of what “counts” as game studies. Over time, I found that like with communication and media studies, there are actually many versions of game studies, rather than one coherent field—and this is a good thing. Embracing goals of interdisciplinarity and drawing on the critical politics of cultural studies are the foundation of my media and game studies.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In this essay, I explore how my particular experiences have shaped my identity as a communication and media studies scholar who specializes in LGBTQ+ game studies. As someone who entered graduate school in 2005, I was not among the early cohort of scholars making a case for games being a viable topic of study at all (several journals and professional organizations were already established around that time). But neither did I have access to any established notion of what “counts” as game studies. Over time, I found that like with communication and media studies, there are actually many versions of game studies, rather than one coherent field—and this is a good thing. Embracing goals of interdisciplinarity and drawing on the critical politics of cultural studies are the foundation of my media and game studies.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Turns in Game Studies</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">An Interview with Kishonna L. Gray</Subtitle>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;victoria l. braegger (she/her)  is an Assistant Professor of Technical Communication at Missouri University of Science and Technology, serving as the coordinator for the game studies minor in the Department of English and Technical Communication. Her research frames video game controllers as kinesthetic tools of technical communication, analyzing how controllers contribute to and disrupt conversations on design, remediation, representation, identity, and community in games. She has published her work in in The Journal of Multimodal Rhetorics and SIGDOC Conference Proceedings, as well as in edited collections such as The Ethics of Playing, Researching, and Teaching Games in the Writing Classroom (Palgrave Macmillan, 2021). victoria is passionate about public scholarship and games preservation. She cohosts the Not Your Mama’s Gamer podcast and is the Senior Assistant Regional Director for the Learning Games Initiative Research Archive.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Kishonna Gray (she/her) is Professor of Racial Justice and Technology in the School of Information at the University of Michigan. Her research broadly covers the intersection of race, gender and digital media, with a particular focus on video games and gaming culture. In her book Race, Gender, &amp;amp; Deviance in Xbox Live (Routledge, 2024), Gray examines the racism, sexism, and other types of harassment faced by women and people of color in one of the largest virtual gaming communities and multi-media platforms. She is co-editor of two volumes on culture and gaming, one of which focuses on women as they are depicted in video games, as participants in games culture, and as contributors to the games industry. The second explores the potential of video games to foster change and become a catalyst for social justice. Gray has published widely in academic publications and her work has been featured by a variety of media outlets, such as The New York Times, Los Angeles Times, The Guardian, Paste Magazine, Engadget, BET, and Blavity. She is also a featured blogger and podcaster with “Not Your Mama’s Gamer.” She is also a faculty associate at the Berkman-Klein Center for Internet &amp;amp; Society at Harvard University.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Looking at the future of game studies requires a deep, introspective look at where the field began, considering not only who was left out but why. In a reflection of the gaming industry, much of the early spaces carved out for game studies were dominated by male voices and perspectives. However, just as important as where the field began are the moments when the field experienced a turn. In the early 2010s, game studies began its gradual turn towards inclusivity and diversity, a moment marked by increased scholarly articles and books discussing representation and gaming culture. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This interview with Kishonna Gray focuses on her work in facilitating the turn towards gaming culture and representation in game studies, as well as discussions on #CiteHerWork and the Gray Test. The gaming industry is facing a reckoning brought on by decades of exclusive and exploitive practices; questions concerning representation, culture, inclusion, and diversity are at the forefront when discussing the industry. They should be discussed in reference to game studies, as well. We have much work to do; getting there is going to take reflection and a lot of talking.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Looking at the future of game studies requires a deep, introspective look at where the field began, considering not only who was left out but why. In a reflection of the gaming industry, much of the early spaces carved out for game studies were dominated by male voices and perspectives. However, just as important as where the field began are the moments when the field experienced a turn. In the early 2010s, game studies began its gradual turn towards inclusivity and diversity, a moment marked by increased scholarly articles and books discussing representation and gaming culture. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This interview with Kishonna Gray focuses on her work in facilitating the turn towards gaming culture and representation in game studies, as well as discussions on #CiteHerWork and the Gray Test. The gaming industry is facing a reckoning brought on by decades of exclusive and exploitive practices; questions concerning representation, culture, inclusion, and diversity are at the forefront when discussing the industry. They should be discussed in reference to game studies, as well. We have much work to do; getting there is going to take reflection and a lot of talking.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Confessions of a Game Studies Insider</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">“Our” Field Needs to Do Better</Subtitle>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Christopher A. Paul (he/him) is Professor of Communication and Media at Seattle University. He has published Optimizing Play: Why Theorycrafting Breaks Games and How to Fix It (MIT Press, 2025), Free-to-Play: Mobile Video Games, Bias, and Norms (MIT Press, 2020), Real Games: What’s Legitimate and What’s Not In Contemporary Videogames (MIT Press, 2019, with Mia Consalvo), and The Toxic Meritocracy of Video Games: Why Gaming Culture Is the Worst (University of Minnesota Press, 2018).&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;I am extraordinarily lucky to be able to study games as a key part of my job. And the level of security I have in that job presents me with an obligation to write and speak about the limitations in our field and the harm our systems and structures have done to the people trying to study games and the knowledge our field could have produced. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The pool of games that have been the focus of most studies are limited. The ways of examining games is expanding, but is still dominated by a narrow group of analytical modes and approaches. The field, with few exceptions is overwhelmingly white. The types of players examined are limited, especially in considerations of age, as the old and young are left out of most analysis. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;All of these factors limit what game studies is, while opening up space to create what game studies could be. Game studies needs more people, more different kinds of people, looking at different games from different perspectives. This chapter is an attempt to articulate the stakes of what games studies has been and point in a direction we should go.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;I am extraordinarily lucky to be able to study games as a key part of my job. And the level of security I have in that job presents me with an obligation to write and speak about the limitations in our field and the harm our systems and structures have done to the people trying to study games and the knowledge our field could have produced. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The pool of games that have been the focus of most studies are limited. The ways of examining games is expanding, but is still dominated by a narrow group of analytical modes and approaches. The field, with few exceptions is overwhelmingly white. The types of players examined are limited, especially in considerations of age, as the old and young are left out of most analysis. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;All of these factors limit what game studies is, while opening up space to create what game studies could be. Game studies needs more people, more different kinds of people, looking at different games from different perspectives. This chapter is an attempt to articulate the stakes of what games studies has been and point in a direction we should go.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">“Publish in English or It’s Game Over”</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">On English Linguistic Monopoly in Game Studies</Subtitle>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Samuel Poirier-Poulin (he/him) is a PhD candidate in film studies at the Université de Montréal, Canada, specializing in the study of video games and gaming cultures. His doctoral research focuses on the representation and the affective experience of trauma in video games, drawing on affect theory and phenomenology of media. His other research interests include queer desires in visual novels, autoethnography, and multilingual scholarship. Samuel’s work has been published in several academic journals, including the Journal of Games Criticism, G/A/M/E: The Italian Journal of Game Studies, Synoptique: An Online Journal of Film and Moving Image Studies, Loading: The Journal of the Canadian Game Studies Association, and in the anthology Video Games and Comedy. Since 2022, Samuel has been the Editor-in-Chief of the game studies journal Press Start.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Research on diversity and inclusion in game studies has focused so far on issues related to gender, race, and sexuality. Issues related to language have generally been left unaddressed. Nevertheless, the language we use to express ourselves has a major influence on the way the knowledge we create is perceived and transmitted (or not) worldwide, and thus also generates situations of privilege and exclusion. Building on the concepts of linguistic monopoly and linguicism (i.e., discrimination based on language), this chapter proposes a critical reflection on the dominance of English language in game studies. It argues that linguicism occurs in this discipline and in academia more broadly (1) through the anglicization of research and the need for non-native English speakers (NNES) to publish and present their work in English in order to be read, cited, and recognized as contributors to game studies; and (2) through a gatekeeping process, especially within high-ranking journals, that makes it harder for NNES to publish their work due to the absence of linguistic support from publishing institutions and the emphasis these institutions put on so-called “good” English. These inequalities are reinforced by the myth that English is a neutral language that serves everyone equally well and leads to cohesion and community. This chapter ultimately aims to bridge the gap between research on linguistic monopoly in academia and the discipline of game studies, seeking to critically reflect on how game studies have been built and are still being built around English language.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Research on diversity and inclusion in game studies has focused so far on issues related to gender, race, and sexuality. Issues related to language have generally been left unaddressed. Nevertheless, the language we use to express ourselves has a major influence on the way the knowledge we create is perceived and transmitted (or not) worldwide, and thus also generates situations of privilege and exclusion. Building on the concepts of linguistic monopoly and linguicism (i.e., discrimination based on language), this chapter proposes a critical reflection on the dominance of English language in game studies. It argues that linguicism occurs in this discipline and in academia more broadly (1) through the anglicization of research and the need for non-native English speakers (NNES) to publish and present their work in English in order to be read, cited, and recognized as contributors to game studies; and (2) through a gatekeeping process, especially within high-ranking journals, that makes it harder for NNES to publish their work due to the absence of linguistic support from publishing institutions and the emphasis these institutions put on so-called “good” English. These inequalities are reinforced by the myth that English is a neutral language that serves everyone equally well and leads to cohesion and community. This chapter ultimately aims to bridge the gap between research on linguistic monopoly in academia and the discipline of game studies, seeking to critically reflect on how game studies have been built and are still being built around English language.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">The Influence of Aesthetics and Semiotics on Game Research in Japan</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">An Interview with Matsumoto Kentaro</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Douglas Schules</PersonName>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Douglas Schules (he/him) is Associate Professor at Rikkyo University in Tokyo, where he researches the relationships between media and society. He has written about creative media and fandom, and his recent work focuses on the ecology of Japanese games with a focus on the indie game developer scene in Tokyo. Given the expanding field of indie game development, he has been working with developers to both preserve their work and record their perspectives on making games in Japan.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <PersonName>Kentaro Matsumoto</PersonName>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Kentaro Matsumoto (he/him) is Professor in the Department of English, Faculty of Foreign Languages at Dokkyo University. His current research has focused on understanding the history of game criticism and how to introduce Japanese scholarship on games to international audiences. He has written over twenty books and articles on the subject of games and their impact on society, including four edited volumes which contained perspectives from emerging Japanese scholars.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In this interview Kentaro Matsumoto discusses gaming scholarship in Japan, focusing specifically on the fields of semiotics and aesthetics. Topics include influential research on games written by Japanese scholars and current directions in the field.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In this interview Kentaro Matsumoto discusses gaming scholarship in Japan, focusing specifically on the fields of semiotics and aesthetics. Topics include influential research on games written by Japanese scholars and current directions in the field.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">“There’s Nothing Written about It”</TitleText>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Alison Harvey (she/her) is Associate Professor in the Communications program at Glendon College, York University, Canada. Her research and teaching focuses on issues of inclusivity and accessibility in digital culture, with an emphasis on gender and labor in digital games. She is the author of Gender, Age, and Digital Games in the Domestic Context (Routledge, 2015) and Feminist Media Studies (Polity, 2019). Her work has also appeared in a range of interdisciplinary journals, including in Diversity &amp;amp; Inclusion Research, Global Media &amp;amp; China, and New Media &amp;amp; Society. She served as the president of the Canadian Game Studies Association from 2023–2025.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;2005-2007 was a unique moment in games studies in that it represented a flourishing of specific venues for research in the area, including the launch of the journals Games and Culture and Loading…. The Canadian Journal of Game Studies as well as the Canadian Games Game Studies Association conference. But despite the spike in scholarly and public attention on games in the last decade and a half, we still see moments where researchers seek game studies and proclaim that ‘there’s nothing written about it’. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In this article I consider the role of Canadian game studies and its relative lack of citation. The disciplinary ghosts of game studies, I argue, play a key role in entrenching some approaches, questions, and methods as more legitimate, ‘ghosting’ others from the ‘canon’. Troublingly, this continues to include critical race studies, feminist approaches, and queer theory, despite their key role in both historical and contemporary game studies. I therefore conclude this essay with a provocation inspired by Harrison (2018) to ‘fuck the canon’ in games.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;2005-2007 was a unique moment in games studies in that it represented a flourishing of specific venues for research in the area, including the launch of the journals Games and Culture and Loading…. The Canadian Journal of Game Studies as well as the Canadian Games Game Studies Association conference. But despite the spike in scholarly and public attention on games in the last decade and a half, we still see moments where researchers seek game studies and proclaim that ‘there’s nothing written about it’. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In this article I consider the role of Canadian game studies and its relative lack of citation. The disciplinary ghosts of game studies, I argue, play a key role in entrenching some approaches, questions, and methods as more legitimate, ‘ghosting’ others from the ‘canon’. Troublingly, this continues to include critical race studies, feminist approaches, and queer theory, despite their key role in both historical and contemporary game studies. I therefore conclude this essay with a provocation inspired by Harrison (2018) to ‘fuck the canon’ in games.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This study investigates how college-level games courses construct students' academic understanding of and engagement with games. As scholars increasingly call for deeper engagement with social justice issues in game studies—particularly in relation to connections between games, game culture, and the rise of violent white supremacy—this chapter offers a critical analysis of content and orientation in undergraduate games course syllabi across disciplines. Findings reveal a persistent emphasis on establishing boundaries and definitions within the field, often at the expense of addressing critical social concerns. In highlighting these trends, the author calls for a reevaluation of curricular priorities and advocates for foregrounding the analysis of games' social implications in undergraduate courses.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This study investigates how college-level games courses construct students' academic understanding of and engagement with games. As scholars increasingly call for deeper engagement with social justice issues in game studies—particularly in relation to connections between games, game culture, and the rise of violent white supremacy—this chapter offers a critical analysis of content and orientation in undergraduate games course syllabi across disciplines. Findings reveal a persistent emphasis on establishing boundaries and definitions within the field, often at the expense of addressing critical social concerns. In highlighting these trends, the author calls for a reevaluation of curricular priorities and advocates for foregrounding the analysis of games' social implications in undergraduate courses.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The authors have each chosen an image to illustrate “where they write” — which they have interpreted broadly. Some took photographs of their desks (with windows, books, papers, and cats) or drew maps of their local coffeeshops. Others depicted their mental writing spaces and illustrated their avatar, their support network, or their lines of escape. Several images may seem obscure at first glance; most are clarified in the essays.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;MICHAEL COLLINSis a PhD candidate in English at the University of Toronto. He reads Newfoundland’s minor litera-ture, interpreting manifestations and adaptations of its strange geopolitical history and its current queer position. He’s afraid for the future of the academy. He keeps a blog at nfldtxt.com. His writing habit is like that of a hunter-gatherer, packing up neces-sary tools and heading out to one of a number of likely spots to forage or stalk. That’s why he drew a map, which you can use if you also write like this and happen to be visiting.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;I am a senior PhD candidate in the University of Toronto’s English Department. My most important job, the reason I am here, is to write a dissertation. Yet, like a great majority of my peers, I have struggled with accomplishing this task in a timely fashion. I have struggled to complete this task in a way that doesn’t feel isolating and poisonous to my mental health. Con-ventional wisdom, at least around these parts, is that candidates like myself (that is to say, typical PhD candidates) should join peer-organized writing groups, sometimes conceptualized as “accountability” groups. We are lost in the deep wilderness, with faulty out-of-date maps and an inconsistent, half-broken radio. We imagine we are banding together for reasons of survival, to help each other find a way out of the mess we’re jointly in. Yet it rarely works out that way.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;I am a senior PhD candidate in the University of Toronto’s English Department. My most important job, the reason I am here, is to write a dissertation. Yet, like a great majority of my peers, I have struggled with accomplishing this task in a timely fashion. I have struggled to complete this task in a way that doesn’t feel isolating and poisonous to my mental health. Con-ventional wisdom, at least around these parts, is that candidates like myself (that is to say, typical PhD candidates) should join peer-organized writing groups, sometimes conceptualized as “accountability” groups. We are lost in the deep wilderness, with faulty out-of-date maps and an inconsistent, half-broken radio. We imagine we are banding together for reasons of survival, to help each other find a way out of the mess we’re jointly in. Yet it rarely works out that way.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Writing is dangerous business. Like the mate keeping watch in the crow’s nest, you can spend hours and hours just watching, waiting, hoping for the moment to come when you can at last leap into action. During that long anxious period of waiting, if you’re not careful, you may plunge into the “Descartian vortices” below, submerged eternally in the “summer sea.” But there is no right way to guard against this danger, no right way to write. This collection of essays, therefore, has as its purpose to describe not how to write, but how we actually do write.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Writing is dangerous business. Like the mate keeping watch in the crow’s nest, you can spend hours and hours just watching, waiting, hoping for the moment to come when you can at last leap into action. During that long anxious period of waiting, if you’re not careful, you may plunge into the “Descartian vortices” below, submerged eternally in the “summer sea.” But there is no right way to guard against this danger, no right way to write. This collection of essays, therefore, has as its purpose to describe not how to write, but how we actually do write.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;I only write when I have to. Because reasons. It’s just the way I write.I used to invent the necessity in “have to.” “How will you fund the fourth year of your DPhil?” asked my graduate super-visor in October 1997. I was 23, fresh from an undergraduate degree; I had little Latin, less Greek. (Ha ha! I had no Greek.) I hadn’t read much English literature, come to think of it. “Iwill finish in three years,” I told her. “Good,” she said.And because I had said it, I did it. Well, sort of: by October 2000 my thesis existed — not great, but fully footnoted at least.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;I only write when I have to. Because reasons. It’s just the way I write.I used to invent the necessity in “have to.” “How will you fund the fourth year of your DPhil?” asked my graduate super-visor in October 1997. I was 23, fresh from an undergraduate degree; I had little Latin, less Greek. (Ha ha! I had no Greek.) I hadn’t read much English literature, come to think of it. “Iwill finish in three years,” I told her. “Good,” she said.And because I had said it, I did it. Well, sort of: by October 2000 my thesis existed — not great, but fully footnoted at least.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;For the past two years, two of my graduate school colleagues and I have exchanged daily accountability emails. Sometimes the word “daily” gets a gasp, but indeed: every day (weekends are optional). In the morning, one person sends an email laying out her day’s goals and commitments, and the other two chime in as they start their own work. Over the course of the day, someone might shoot out another message, whether a practical question (“Do you guys know how that conference registration website works?”), a complaint (“Why is x book not on the library shelf ?”), an update (“Email advisor — DONE. Write para-graph — NEXT”), or a victory (“My article was accepted!”). At the end of the day — or the next morning — we each sum up our days. We’ve used our email to build a virtual office hallway, where we can poke our heads out our doors and express the frustrations, defeats, and triumphs of graduate study. It makes it all less lonely.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;For the past two years, two of my graduate school colleagues and I have exchanged daily accountability emails. Sometimes the word “daily” gets a gasp, but indeed: every day (weekends are optional). In the morning, one person sends an email laying out her day’s goals and commitments, and the other two chime in as they start their own work. Over the course of the day, someone might shoot out another message, whether a practical question (“Do you guys know how that conference registration website works?”), a complaint (“Why is x book not on the library shelf ?”), an update (“Email advisor — DONE. Write para-graph — NEXT”), or a victory (“My article was accepted!”). At the end of the day — or the next morning — we each sum up our days. We’ve used our email to build a virtual office hallway, where we can poke our heads out our doors and express the frustrations, defeats, and triumphs of graduate study. It makes it all less lonely.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This would be better if I had a co-author. Of course it would. This would mean a few things (ideally, and assuming that all went according to plan):–We’d have had a conversation before starting to write, before outlining, about what the essay should look like, how it should be framed and organized, and what it might accom-plish. As is, I’ve just had that conversation bouncing around in my head while trying to fall asleep for the last few nights. I think best in dialog, often only articulating for myself what I want to say when I try to explain it to someone else. Collaborative writing is a sustained conversation.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This would be better if I had a co-author. Of course it would. This would mean a few things (ideally, and assuming that all went according to plan):–We’d have had a conversation before starting to write, before outlining, about what the essay should look like, how it should be framed and organized, and what it might accom-plish. As is, I’ve just had that conversation bouncing around in my head while trying to fall asleep for the last few nights. I think best in dialog, often only articulating for myself what I want to say when I try to explain it to someone else. Collaborative writing is a sustained conversation.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Two versions of the same aphorismseem equally true: “Habit and routine are the nemeses of innovation” and “Habit and routine are the precondition of innovation.” When it comes to writing, I need a familiar time, schedule and space . . . and I need to break out of this regularity sometimes since it offers the ingre-dients not only for accomplishment but boredom. I finished my doctoral program from start to finish in a fairly quick five years (having entered directly from undergraduate) in part because I did not stall at the writing stage. Funding and being miserable helped, but so did routine and a semester of teaching release. Each morning I would bike a wide circuit through Cambridge, along the Charles River via the Esplanade, and over to New-bury Street. There I’d sit with my books at a coffee shop. With a refillable mug and a slice of marble pound cake, I would pore over whatever writing I’d accomplished the previous day, filling the printout with marginalia (this was long before laptops were affordable). I’d then add as much as possible to what I had just revised, attempting to extend the chapter as far as I could. When fatigue eventually set in, I’d turn to a book or essay I’d brought along. Back on my bike around lunchtime, home to eat quickly (yogurt, banana, granola: always the same), and then at my com-puter, typing in whatever changes I’d made and transcribing the new paragraphs I’d penned.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Two versions of the same aphorismseem equally true: “Habit and routine are the nemeses of innovation” and “Habit and routine are the precondition of innovation.” When it comes to writing, I need a familiar time, schedule and space . . . and I need to break out of this regularity sometimes since it offers the ingre-dients not only for accomplishment but boredom. I finished my doctoral program from start to finish in a fairly quick five years (having entered directly from undergraduate) in part because I did not stall at the writing stage. Funding and being miserable helped, but so did routine and a semester of teaching release. Each morning I would bike a wide circuit through Cambridge, along the Charles River via the Esplanade, and over to New-bury Street. There I’d sit with my books at a coffee shop. With a refillable mug and a slice of marble pound cake, I would pore over whatever writing I’d accomplished the previous day, filling the printout with marginalia (this was long before laptops were affordable). I’d then add as much as possible to what I had just revised, attempting to extend the chapter as far as I could. When fatigue eventually set in, I’d turn to a book or essay I’d brought along. Back on my bike around lunchtime, home to eat quickly (yogurt, banana, granola: always the same), and then at my com-puter, typing in whatever changes I’d made and transcribing the new paragraphs I’d penned.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;I direct a campus-wide program called Berkeley Connect that began in the English Department, in which advanced graduate students mentor undergraduates one-on-one and in groups to create a small-college experience at our large research university. In any given semester, we have a number of public events for participants that focus on bringing faculty, graduate students, and undergraduates closer together, as people engaged in the same enterprise at different levels. One of our most successful events is a panel we have done several times, called “How I Write.” We ask five department faculty and graduate students to speak for ten minutes each about their writing practices — not how to be better writers, or how to organize papers, or how to come up with a thesis, or how to do research, but what they actually do when they sit down at their computers or desks with a blank screen or page in front of them. Students love hearing about the crazy things their mentors and professors do to make themselves write. One graduate student reported tying himself to his desk chair with his bathrobe belt so he couldn’t get up and walk around. Others had elaborate systems for keeping score of words, paragraphs, pages, footnotes, and chapters written, with rewards for each type of accomplishment. What means the most to students, however — and what is the biggest revelation to them — is the fact that these experts on English literature all struggle with writing. As teachers, none of us had realized the extent to which our undergraduates assumed that being an English graduate student or an English professor, and thus a proven success at literary criticism, meant that writing must be very easy for you.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;I direct a campus-wide program called Berkeley Connect that began in the English Department, in which advanced graduate students mentor undergraduates one-on-one and in groups to create a small-college experience at our large research university. In any given semester, we have a number of public events for participants that focus on bringing faculty, graduate students, and undergraduates closer together, as people engaged in the same enterprise at different levels. One of our most successful events is a panel we have done several times, called “How I Write.” We ask five department faculty and graduate students to speak for ten minutes each about their writing practices — not how to be better writers, or how to organize papers, or how to come up with a thesis, or how to do research, but what they actually do when they sit down at their computers or desks with a blank screen or page in front of them. Students love hearing about the crazy things their mentors and professors do to make themselves write. One graduate student reported tying himself to his desk chair with his bathrobe belt so he couldn’t get up and walk around. Others had elaborate systems for keeping score of words, paragraphs, pages, footnotes, and chapters written, with rewards for each type of accomplishment. What means the most to students, however — and what is the biggest revelation to them — is the fact that these experts on English literature all struggle with writing. As teachers, none of us had realized the extent to which our undergraduates assumed that being an English graduate student or an English professor, and thus a proven success at literary criticism, meant that writing must be very easy for you.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;These words were painful to write. They haunt me, and have done so my entire academic career. Ok, that is not entirely true. I made it through my first two years of college on pure bluster, but once I needed to write, to do more than toss off a handful of pages in a single night, I became haunted. I spent most of the second half of college and, frankly, all of my graduate career feeling like I had skipped a year of schooling. I had gone away, I know not where, and when I came back, everyone was doing long division and I was scrambling to figure out what I missed. Why was I never taught how to write properly? Why did I never learn? Why do I struggle so much?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;These words were painful to write. They haunt me, and have done so my entire academic career. Ok, that is not entirely true. I made it through my first two years of college on pure bluster, but once I needed to write, to do more than toss off a handful of pages in a single night, I became haunted. I spent most of the second half of college and, frankly, all of my graduate career feeling like I had skipped a year of schooling. I had gone away, I know not where, and when I came back, everyone was doing long division and I was scrambling to figure out what I missed. Why was I never taught how to write properly? Why did I never learn? Why do I struggle so much?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;How do I write? At the moment, writing this, I’m stretched out on a green leather couch, laptop on a thin pillow, rescue mutt at my feet. I write half the time while reclined on this couch, the other half while slouched in various coffee shops around town, or hunched in plastic chairs at airport gates. I haven’t written meaningful prose while sitting at a desk since graduate school. Desks are props for student meetings, email composition, and the production of administrative verbiage. When I write creatively, whether fiction or criticism, I’m sprawled horizontally with my bare feet on a cushion or a coffee table, or else I’m drooped over my MacBook at a café counter. I thrive on noise, distraction, pets, people. Lots of coffee.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;How do I write? At the moment, writing this, I’m stretched out on a green leather couch, laptop on a thin pillow, rescue mutt at my feet. I write half the time while reclined on this couch, the other half while slouched in various coffee shops around town, or hunched in plastic chairs at airport gates. I haven’t written meaningful prose while sitting at a desk since graduate school. Desks are props for student meetings, email composition, and the production of administrative verbiage. When I write creatively, whether fiction or criticism, I’m sprawled horizontally with my bare feet on a cushion or a coffee table, or else I’m drooped over my MacBook at a café counter. I thrive on noise, distraction, pets, people. Lots of coffee.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Generally the advice I give on writing has been along the lines of saying “there is no one correct way to write, but there are plenty of ways people seem to be stuck in that are not working well for them.” This can then lead into a discussion of different people’s writing strategies, with their peculiarities, conventions, strengths and weaknesses, which may suggest things that others might find helpful, or at least worth giving a try. Such events — workshops on publishing or writing, for example — can be really helpful, and to put something similar down in book form seems a really good idea. I certainly don’t want to suggest that I always get it right with my own writing, and (although people seem to have a different impression) I find writing hard. My solution to this, such as it is, is to build writing up slowly, in small manageable pieces, a little-by-little approach that can develop over time into something. And I suppose, when pressed, this is the advice I dogive people, especially my students: do not defer writing to some point in the future, and write regularly. I admire people who seem to be able to turn on the “writing switch,” and produce large quantities of material in intense bursts of creativity. But that rarely works for me, and so I’ve worked out a different approach. It’s not like pushing pebbles off a cliff, but slowly rolling them up one, to form a small but growing pile; where frequently pebbles will be removed, polished, and rearranged, and sometimes replaced or discarded. Over time the pebbles become something, or the pile gets raided for a different pile.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Generally the advice I give on writing has been along the lines of saying “there is no one correct way to write, but there are plenty of ways people seem to be stuck in that are not working well for them.” This can then lead into a discussion of different people’s writing strategies, with their peculiarities, conventions, strengths and weaknesses, which may suggest things that others might find helpful, or at least worth giving a try. Such events — workshops on publishing or writing, for example — can be really helpful, and to put something similar down in book form seems a really good idea. I certainly don’t want to suggest that I always get it right with my own writing, and (although people seem to have a different impression) I find writing hard. My solution to this, such as it is, is to build writing up slowly, in small manageable pieces, a little-by-little approach that can develop over time into something. And I suppose, when pressed, this is the advice I dogive people, especially my students: do not defer writing to some point in the future, and write regularly. I admire people who seem to be able to turn on the “writing switch,” and produce large quantities of material in intense bursts of creativity. But that rarely works for me, and so I’ve worked out a different approach. It’s not like pushing pebbles off a cliff, but slowly rolling them up one, to form a small but growing pile; where frequently pebbles will be removed, polished, and rearranged, and sometimes replaced or discarded. Over time the pebbles become something, or the pile gets raided for a different pile.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The way I write — by which I mean both the practices I follow and (please God) the style of my writing — has changed over the years: though, as I tell all my students, that doesn’t mean it’s become any easier.I wrote my PhD thesis (on the woolen industry in Yorkshire between 1780 and 1840) in three weeks. Really. Starting at 7a.m., with thirty minutes off for lunch (including a walk to the corner shop for a newspaper, trailed by our deeply suspicious cat all the way there and all the way back), an hour off for dinner and the quick pleasure of a novel, knocking off at midnight. Every day for twenty-one days. When I finished I promised myself I’d never work like that again. Years later, while I was writing The Colonial Present, I became wholly absorbed in the attempt to keep up with a cascade of real-time events in multiple places. My training as an historical geographer hadn’t prepared me for that — I’d always envied the ability of colleagues writing about contempo-rary issues to make sense of a world that was changing around them as they wrote — and there were times when I yearned for the less frenetic pace of archival work. But I wasn’t writing to a deadline — though as the project swelled beyond an analysis of the US-led invasion of Afghanistan to include Israel’s renewed assault on occupied Palestine and then the US-led invasion of Iraq, I decided I must finish before Bush invaded France.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The way I write — by which I mean both the practices I follow and (please God) the style of my writing — has changed over the years: though, as I tell all my students, that doesn’t mean it’s become any easier.I wrote my PhD thesis (on the woolen industry in Yorkshire between 1780 and 1840) in three weeks. Really. Starting at 7a.m., with thirty minutes off for lunch (including a walk to the corner shop for a newspaper, trailed by our deeply suspicious cat all the way there and all the way back), an hour off for dinner and the quick pleasure of a novel, knocking off at midnight. Every day for twenty-one days. When I finished I promised myself I’d never work like that again. Years later, while I was writing The Colonial Present, I became wholly absorbed in the attempt to keep up with a cascade of real-time events in multiple places. My training as an historical geographer hadn’t prepared me for that — I’d always envied the ability of colleagues writing about contempo-rary issues to make sense of a world that was changing around them as they wrote — and there were times when I yearned for the less frenetic pace of archival work. But I wasn’t writing to a deadline — though as the project swelled beyond an analysis of the US-led invasion of Afghanistan to include Israel’s renewed assault on occupied Palestine and then the US-led invasion of Iraq, I decided I must finish before Bush invaded France.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;MICHAEL COLLINSis a PhD candidate in English at the University of Toronto. He reads Newfoundland’s minor litera-ture, interpreting manifestations and adaptations of its strange geopolitical history and its current queer position. He’s afraid for the future of the academy. He keeps a blog at nfldtxt.com. His writing habit is like that of a hunter-gatherer, packing up neces-sary tools and heading out to one of a number of likely spots to forage or stalk. That’s why he drew a map, which you can use if you also write like this and happen to be visiting.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;MICHAEL COLLINSis a PhD candidate in English at the University of Toronto. He reads Newfoundland’s minor litera-ture, interpreting manifestations and adaptations of its strange geopolitical history and its current queer position. He’s afraid for the future of the academy. He keeps a blog at nfldtxt.com. His writing habit is like that of a hunter-gatherer, packing up neces-sary tools and heading out to one of a number of likely spots to forage or stalk. That’s why he drew a map, which you can use if you also write like this and happen to be visiting.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;I am a senior PhD candidate in the University of Toronto’s English Department. My most important job, the reason I am here, is to write a dissertation. Yet, like a great majority of my peers, I have struggled with accomplishing this task in a timely fashion. I have struggled to complete this task in a way that doesn’t feel isolating and poisonous to my mental health. Con-ventional wisdom, at least around these parts, is that candidates like myself (that is to say, typical PhD candidates) should join peer-organized writing groups, sometimes conceptualized as “accountability” groups. We are lost in the deep wilderness, with faulty out-of-date maps and an inconsistent, half-broken radio. We imagine we are banding together for reasons of survival, to help each other find a way out of the mess we’re jointly in. Yet it rarely works out that way.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;I am a senior PhD candidate in the University of Toronto’s English Department. My most important job, the reason I am here, is to write a dissertation. Yet, like a great majority of my peers, I have struggled with accomplishing this task in a timely fashion. I have struggled to complete this task in a way that doesn’t feel isolating and poisonous to my mental health. Con-ventional wisdom, at least around these parts, is that candidates like myself (that is to say, typical PhD candidates) should join peer-organized writing groups, sometimes conceptualized as “accountability” groups. We are lost in the deep wilderness, with faulty out-of-date maps and an inconsistent, half-broken radio. We imagine we are banding together for reasons of survival, to help each other find a way out of the mess we’re jointly in. Yet it rarely works out that way.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Writing is dangerous business. Like the mate keeping watch in the crow’s nest, you can spend hours and hours just watching, waiting, hoping for the moment to come when you can at last leap into action. During that long anxious period of waiting, if you’re not careful, you may plunge into the “Descartian vortices” below, submerged eternally in the “summer sea.” But there is no right way to guard against this danger, no right way to write. This collection of essays, therefore, has as its purpose to describe not how to write, but how we actually do write.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Writing is dangerous business. Like the mate keeping watch in the crow’s nest, you can spend hours and hours just watching, waiting, hoping for the moment to come when you can at last leap into action. During that long anxious period of waiting, if you’re not careful, you may plunge into the “Descartian vortices” below, submerged eternally in the “summer sea.” But there is no right way to guard against this danger, no right way to write. This collection of essays, therefore, has as its purpose to describe not how to write, but how we actually do write.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <PersonName>Alexandra Gillespie</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;I only write when I have to. Because reasons. It’s just the way I write.I used to invent the necessity in “have to.” “How will you fund the fourth year of your DPhil?” asked my graduate super-visor in October 1997. I was 23, fresh from an undergraduate degree; I had little Latin, less Greek. (Ha ha! I had no Greek.) I hadn’t read much English literature, come to think of it. “Iwill finish in three years,” I told her. “Good,” she said.And because I had said it, I did it. Well, sort of: by October 2000 my thesis existed — not great, but fully footnoted at least.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;I only write when I have to. Because reasons. It’s just the way I write.I used to invent the necessity in “have to.” “How will you fund the fourth year of your DPhil?” asked my graduate super-visor in October 1997. I was 23, fresh from an undergraduate degree; I had little Latin, less Greek. (Ha ha! I had no Greek.) I hadn’t read much English literature, come to think of it. “Iwill finish in three years,” I told her. “Good,” she said.And because I had said it, I did it. Well, sort of: by October 2000 my thesis existed — not great, but fully footnoted at least.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">The Community You Have, The Community You Need</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Alice Hutton Sharp</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;For the past two years, two of my graduate school colleagues and I have exchanged daily accountability emails. Sometimes the word “daily” gets a gasp, but indeed: every day (weekends are optional). In the morning, one person sends an email laying out her day’s goals and commitments, and the other two chime in as they start their own work. Over the course of the day, someone might shoot out another message, whether a practical question (“Do you guys know how that conference registration website works?”), a complaint (“Why is x book not on the library shelf ?”), an update (“Email advisor — DONE. Write para-graph — NEXT”), or a victory (“My article was accepted!”). At the end of the day — or the next morning — we each sum up our days. We’ve used our email to build a virtual office hallway, where we can poke our heads out our doors and express the frustrations, defeats, and triumphs of graduate study. It makes it all less lonely.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;For the past two years, two of my graduate school colleagues and I have exchanged daily accountability emails. Sometimes the word “daily” gets a gasp, but indeed: every day (weekends are optional). In the morning, one person sends an email laying out her day’s goals and commitments, and the other two chime in as they start their own work. Over the course of the day, someone might shoot out another message, whether a practical question (“Do you guys know how that conference registration website works?”), a complaint (“Why is x book not on the library shelf ?”), an update (“Email advisor — DONE. Write para-graph — NEXT”), or a victory (“My article was accepted!”). At the end of the day — or the next morning — we each sum up our days. We’ve used our email to build a virtual office hallway, where we can poke our heads out our doors and express the frustrations, defeats, and triumphs of graduate study. It makes it all less lonely.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">This Would Be Better If I Had A Co-Author</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Asa Simon Mittman</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>California State University, Chico</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This would be better if I had a co-author. Of course it would. This would mean a few things (ideally, and assuming that all went according to plan):–We’d have had a conversation before starting to write, before outlining, about what the essay should look like, how it should be framed and organized, and what it might accom-plish. As is, I’ve just had that conversation bouncing around in my head while trying to fall asleep for the last few nights. I think best in dialog, often only articulating for myself what I want to say when I try to explain it to someone else. Collaborative writing is a sustained conversation.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This would be better if I had a co-author. Of course it would. This would mean a few things (ideally, and assuming that all went according to plan):–We’d have had a conversation before starting to write, before outlining, about what the essay should look like, how it should be framed and organized, and what it might accom-plish. As is, I’ve just had that conversation bouncing around in my head while trying to fall asleep for the last few nights. I think best in dialog, often only articulating for myself what I want to say when I try to explain it to someone else. Collaborative writing is a sustained conversation.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">On the Necessity of Ignoring Those Who Offer Themselves as Examples</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Jeffrey Jerome Cohen</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Two versions of the same aphorismseem equally true: “Habit and routine are the nemeses of innovation” and “Habit and routine are the precondition of innovation.” When it comes to writing, I need a familiar time, schedule and space . . . and I need to break out of this regularity sometimes since it offers the ingre-dients not only for accomplishment but boredom. I finished my doctoral program from start to finish in a fairly quick five years (having entered directly from undergraduate) in part because I did not stall at the writing stage. Funding and being miserable helped, but so did routine and a semester of teaching release. Each morning I would bike a wide circuit through Cambridge, along the Charles River via the Esplanade, and over to New-bury Street. There I’d sit with my books at a coffee shop. With a refillable mug and a slice of marble pound cake, I would pore over whatever writing I’d accomplished the previous day, filling the printout with marginalia (this was long before laptops were affordable). I’d then add as much as possible to what I had just revised, attempting to extend the chapter as far as I could. When fatigue eventually set in, I’d turn to a book or essay I’d brought along. Back on my bike around lunchtime, home to eat quickly (yogurt, banana, granola: always the same), and then at my com-puter, typing in whatever changes I’d made and transcribing the new paragraphs I’d penned.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Two versions of the same aphorismseem equally true: “Habit and routine are the nemeses of innovation” and “Habit and routine are the precondition of innovation.” When it comes to writing, I need a familiar time, schedule and space . . . and I need to break out of this regularity sometimes since it offers the ingre-dients not only for accomplishment but boredom. I finished my doctoral program from start to finish in a fairly quick five years (having entered directly from undergraduate) in part because I did not stall at the writing stage. Funding and being miserable helped, but so did routine and a semester of teaching release. Each morning I would bike a wide circuit through Cambridge, along the Charles River via the Esplanade, and over to New-bury Street. There I’d sit with my books at a coffee shop. With a refillable mug and a slice of marble pound cake, I would pore over whatever writing I’d accomplished the previous day, filling the printout with marginalia (this was long before laptops were affordable). I’d then add as much as possible to what I had just revised, attempting to extend the chapter as far as I could. When fatigue eventually set in, I’d turn to a book or essay I’d brought along. Back on my bike around lunchtime, home to eat quickly (yogurt, banana, granola: always the same), and then at my com-puter, typing in whatever changes I’d made and transcribing the new paragraphs I’d penned.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;I direct a campus-wide program called Berkeley Connect that began in the English Department, in which advanced graduate students mentor undergraduates one-on-one and in groups to create a small-college experience at our large research university. In any given semester, we have a number of public events for participants that focus on bringing faculty, graduate students, and undergraduates closer together, as people engaged in the same enterprise at different levels. One of our most successful events is a panel we have done several times, called “How I Write.” We ask five department faculty and graduate students to speak for ten minutes each about their writing practices — not how to be better writers, or how to organize papers, or how to come up with a thesis, or how to do research, but what they actually do when they sit down at their computers or desks with a blank screen or page in front of them. Students love hearing about the crazy things their mentors and professors do to make themselves write. One graduate student reported tying himself to his desk chair with his bathrobe belt so he couldn’t get up and walk around. Others had elaborate systems for keeping score of words, paragraphs, pages, footnotes, and chapters written, with rewards for each type of accomplishment. What means the most to students, however — and what is the biggest revelation to them — is the fact that these experts on English literature all struggle with writing. As teachers, none of us had realized the extent to which our undergraduates assumed that being an English graduate student or an English professor, and thus a proven success at literary criticism, meant that writing must be very easy for you.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;I direct a campus-wide program called Berkeley Connect that began in the English Department, in which advanced graduate students mentor undergraduates one-on-one and in groups to create a small-college experience at our large research university. In any given semester, we have a number of public events for participants that focus on bringing faculty, graduate students, and undergraduates closer together, as people engaged in the same enterprise at different levels. One of our most successful events is a panel we have done several times, called “How I Write.” We ask five department faculty and graduate students to speak for ten minutes each about their writing practices — not how to be better writers, or how to organize papers, or how to come up with a thesis, or how to do research, but what they actually do when they sit down at their computers or desks with a blank screen or page in front of them. Students love hearing about the crazy things their mentors and professors do to make themselves write. One graduate student reported tying himself to his desk chair with his bathrobe belt so he couldn’t get up and walk around. Others had elaborate systems for keeping score of words, paragraphs, pages, footnotes, and chapters written, with rewards for each type of accomplishment. What means the most to students, however — and what is the biggest revelation to them — is the fact that these experts on English literature all struggle with writing. As teachers, none of us had realized the extent to which our undergraduates assumed that being an English graduate student or an English professor, and thus a proven success at literary criticism, meant that writing must be very easy for you.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;These words were painful to write. They haunt me, and have done so my entire academic career. Ok, that is not entirely true. I made it through my first two years of college on pure bluster, but once I needed to write, to do more than toss off a handful of pages in a single night, I became haunted. I spent most of the second half of college and, frankly, all of my graduate career feeling like I had skipped a year of schooling. I had gone away, I know not where, and when I came back, everyone was doing long division and I was scrambling to figure out what I missed. Why was I never taught how to write properly? Why did I never learn? Why do I struggle so much?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;These words were painful to write. They haunt me, and have done so my entire academic career. Ok, that is not entirely true. I made it through my first two years of college on pure bluster, but once I needed to write, to do more than toss off a handful of pages in a single night, I became haunted. I spent most of the second half of college and, frankly, all of my graduate career feeling like I had skipped a year of schooling. I had gone away, I know not where, and when I came back, everyone was doing long division and I was scrambling to figure out what I missed. Why was I never taught how to write properly? Why did I never learn? Why do I struggle so much?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;How do I write? At the moment, writing this, I’m stretched out on a green leather couch, laptop on a thin pillow, rescue mutt at my feet. I write half the time while reclined on this couch, the other half while slouched in various coffee shops around town, or hunched in plastic chairs at airport gates. I haven’t written meaningful prose while sitting at a desk since graduate school. Desks are props for student meetings, email composition, and the production of administrative verbiage. When I write creatively, whether fiction or criticism, I’m sprawled horizontally with my bare feet on a cushion or a coffee table, or else I’m drooped over my MacBook at a café counter. I thrive on noise, distraction, pets, people. Lots of coffee.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;How do I write? At the moment, writing this, I’m stretched out on a green leather couch, laptop on a thin pillow, rescue mutt at my feet. I write half the time while reclined on this couch, the other half while slouched in various coffee shops around town, or hunched in plastic chairs at airport gates. I haven’t written meaningful prose while sitting at a desk since graduate school. Desks are props for student meetings, email composition, and the production of administrative verbiage. When I write creatively, whether fiction or criticism, I’m sprawled horizontally with my bare feet on a cushion or a coffee table, or else I’m drooped over my MacBook at a café counter. I thrive on noise, distraction, pets, people. Lots of coffee.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Generally the advice I give on writing has been along the lines of saying “there is no one correct way to write, but there are plenty of ways people seem to be stuck in that are not working well for them.” This can then lead into a discussion of different people’s writing strategies, with their peculiarities, conventions, strengths and weaknesses, which may suggest things that others might find helpful, or at least worth giving a try. Such events — workshops on publishing or writing, for example — can be really helpful, and to put something similar down in book form seems a really good idea. I certainly don’t want to suggest that I always get it right with my own writing, and (although people seem to have a different impression) I find writing hard. My solution to this, such as it is, is to build writing up slowly, in small manageable pieces, a little-by-little approach that can develop over time into something. And I suppose, when pressed, this is the advice I dogive people, especially my students: do not defer writing to some point in the future, and write regularly. I admire people who seem to be able to turn on the “writing switch,” and produce large quantities of material in intense bursts of creativity. But that rarely works for me, and so I’ve worked out a different approach. It’s not like pushing pebbles off a cliff, but slowly rolling them up one, to form a small but growing pile; where frequently pebbles will be removed, polished, and rearranged, and sometimes replaced or discarded. Over time the pebbles become something, or the pile gets raided for a different pile.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Generally the advice I give on writing has been along the lines of saying “there is no one correct way to write, but there are plenty of ways people seem to be stuck in that are not working well for them.” This can then lead into a discussion of different people’s writing strategies, with their peculiarities, conventions, strengths and weaknesses, which may suggest things that others might find helpful, or at least worth giving a try. Such events — workshops on publishing or writing, for example — can be really helpful, and to put something similar down in book form seems a really good idea. I certainly don’t want to suggest that I always get it right with my own writing, and (although people seem to have a different impression) I find writing hard. My solution to this, such as it is, is to build writing up slowly, in small manageable pieces, a little-by-little approach that can develop over time into something. And I suppose, when pressed, this is the advice I dogive people, especially my students: do not defer writing to some point in the future, and write regularly. I admire people who seem to be able to turn on the “writing switch,” and produce large quantities of material in intense bursts of creativity. But that rarely works for me, and so I’ve worked out a different approach. It’s not like pushing pebbles off a cliff, but slowly rolling them up one, to form a small but growing pile; where frequently pebbles will be removed, polished, and rearranged, and sometimes replaced or discarded. Over time the pebbles become something, or the pile gets raided for a different pile.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The way I write — by which I mean both the practices I follow and (please God) the style of my writing — has changed over the years: though, as I tell all my students, that doesn’t mean it’s become any easier.I wrote my PhD thesis (on the woolen industry in Yorkshire between 1780 and 1840) in three weeks. Really. Starting at 7a.m., with thirty minutes off for lunch (including a walk to the corner shop for a newspaper, trailed by our deeply suspicious cat all the way there and all the way back), an hour off for dinner and the quick pleasure of a novel, knocking off at midnight. Every day for twenty-one days. When I finished I promised myself I’d never work like that again. Years later, while I was writing The Colonial Present, I became wholly absorbed in the attempt to keep up with a cascade of real-time events in multiple places. My training as an historical geographer hadn’t prepared me for that — I’d always envied the ability of colleagues writing about contempo-rary issues to make sense of a world that was changing around them as they wrote — and there were times when I yearned for the less frenetic pace of archival work. But I wasn’t writing to a deadline — though as the project swelled beyond an analysis of the US-led invasion of Afghanistan to include Israel’s renewed assault on occupied Palestine and then the US-led invasion of Iraq, I decided I must finish before Bush invaded France.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The way I write — by which I mean both the practices I follow and (please God) the style of my writing — has changed over the years: though, as I tell all my students, that doesn’t mean it’s become any easier.I wrote my PhD thesis (on the woolen industry in Yorkshire between 1780 and 1840) in three weeks. Really. Starting at 7a.m., with thirty minutes off for lunch (including a walk to the corner shop for a newspaper, trailed by our deeply suspicious cat all the way there and all the way back), an hour off for dinner and the quick pleasure of a novel, knocking off at midnight. Every day for twenty-one days. When I finished I promised myself I’d never work like that again. Years later, while I was writing The Colonial Present, I became wholly absorbed in the attempt to keep up with a cascade of real-time events in multiple places. My training as an historical geographer hadn’t prepared me for that — I’d always envied the ability of colleagues writing about contempo-rary issues to make sense of a world that was changing around them as they wrote — and there were times when I yearned for the less frenetic pace of archival work. But I wasn’t writing to a deadline — though as the project swelled beyond an analysis of the US-led invasion of Afghanistan to include Israel’s renewed assault on occupied Palestine and then the US-led invasion of Iraq, I decided I must finish before Bush invaded France.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Wet Work</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Writing as Encounter</Subtitle>
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            <Affiliation>St John's University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;I never know what will happen when I sit down to write.&lt;italic&gt; &lt;/italic&gt; &lt;italic&gt;Writing’s the hardest and most urgent thing we do as academ-ics. I don’t think my combination of sportstalk, swimming, and Renaissance intellectual history translates into anything like advice. But I love this book’s idea of sprawling our weirdnesses out on pages and screens for everyone to see. &lt;/italic&gt; &lt;italic&gt; &lt;/italic&gt;For this child of the New Jersey suburbs, sports still has the best metaphors. Here’s one I start with: Writing Maxim #1: “Swing hard, in case you hit the ball.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Alphonso Lingis is the author of fourteen books and many essays. He is emeritus professor of philosophy at Pennsylvania State University. While many know him only as an eccentric ex-professor or as the translator of Emmanuel Levinas, Maurice Merleau-Ponty, and Pierre Klossowski, he is arguably the most distinctive voice in American continental philosophy. This is no doubt due to the perpetual travel that fuels his arresting written prose and unorthodox public readings. Lingis’s lifelong itinerary includes visits — some brief, others extended or recurring — to 109 countries. Along the way he has photographed innumerable strangers whose faces adorn the pages of his books. Photography is as essential to Lingis’s multidisciplinary philosophical perspective as is his knowledge of phenomenology, anthropology, or psychoanalysis. Some of his photographs have been recently collected and published in the book Contact. Unlike most career academics, Lingis has made a name for himself collecting exotic birds and other creatures, staging performance readings at professional conferences, keeping up a diligent correspondence with friends at home and abroad, and splicing together high theory with intimate autobiography. Those who know him speak of his warmth, sincerity, and noncombative style of argumentation — rare traits among university scholars. Itinerant Philosophy: On Alphonso Lingis gathers a diverse collection of texts on Lingis’s life and philosophy, including poetry, original interviews, essays, book reviews, and a photo essay. It also includes an unpublished piece by Lingis, “Doubles,” along with copies of several of his letters to a friend.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Alphonso Lingis is the author of fourteen books and many essays. He is emeritus professor of philosophy at Pennsylvania State University. While many know him only as an eccentric ex-professor or as the translator of Emmanuel Levinas, Maurice Merleau-Ponty, and Pierre Klossowski, he is arguably the most distinctive voice in American continental philosophy. This is no doubt due to the perpetual travel that fuels his arresting written prose and unorthodox public readings. Lingis’s lifelong itinerary includes visits — some brief, others extended or recurring — to 109 countries. Along the way he has photographed innumerable strangers whose faces adorn the pages of his books. Photography is as essential to Lingis’s multidisciplinary philosophical perspective as is his knowledge of phenomenology, anthropology, or psychoanalysis. Some of his photographs have been recently collected and published in the book Contact. Unlike most career academics, Lingis has made a name for himself collecting exotic birds and other creatures, staging performance readings at professional conferences, keeping up a diligent correspondence with friends at home and abroad, and splicing together high theory with intimate autobiography. Those who know him speak of his warmth, sincerity, and noncombative style of argumentation — rare traits among university scholars. Itinerant Philosophy: On Alphonso Lingis gathers a diverse collection of texts on Lingis’s life and philosophy, including poetry, original interviews, essays, book reviews, and a photo essay. It also includes an unpublished piece by Lingis, “Doubles,” along with copies of several of his letters to a friend.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In  2012  we  launched  the  now-inoperative  journal Singular-um, whose modus operandi read like this:Singularum operates on the premise that every facet of life  yields  transformative  aesthetic  encounters.  It  pro-vides  an  independent  venue  for  theorizing,  transmitt-ing,  and  staging  these  encounters.  Its  strategic  aim  is to  exhibit  thinking  born  at  the  interface  of  aesthetics &amp;amp; pedagogy.Unable to sustain this short-lived project in its original form, we decided to convert its two volumes into books, the first of which  is  devoted  to  the  work  of  nomadic  American  philo-sopher  Alphonso  Lingis.  Thanks  to  the  generosity  of  punc-tum  books  director  Eileen  Joy, along  with  her  dedicated accomplice Andrew Doty, you are now reading the foreword to what was once Volume 1 of Singularum&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;For the past eight months I have been involved in an art pro-ject  in  which  I  take  a  photograph  of  a  moment  that  typifies the  general  feeling  of  my  day.  I  envisioned  this  project  as  a way  to  take  this  ongoing  and  often  ineffable  process  of  typ-ifaction and make it slightly more observable. What this has amounted  to  is  a  very  loose  and  necessarily  imprecise  record of  the  emotional  tone  of  my  life  for  the  past  two  hundred days  or  so.  My  plan  is  to  continue  with  this  project  for  the next two years. An even 730 days. What I hope to achieve is a productive coupling of practical obsession and virtual resig-nation.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;For the past eight months I have been involved in an art pro-ject  in  which  I  take  a  photograph  of  a  moment  that  typifies the  general  feeling  of  my  day.  I  envisioned  this  project  as  a way  to  take  this  ongoing  and  often  ineffable  process  of  typ-ifaction and make it slightly more observable. What this has amounted  to  is  a  very  loose  and  necessarily  imprecise  record of  the  emotional  tone  of  my  life  for  the  past  two  hundred days  or  so.  My  plan  is  to  continue  with  this  project  for  the next two years. An even 730 days. What I hope to achieve is a productive coupling of practical obsession and virtual resig-nation.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Yukultji  Napangati’s  painting Untitled  (2011) is  in  the  Art Gallery  of  New  South  Wales,  and  was  highly  commended for  the  2011  Wynne  Prize.  The  painting  is  reproduced here [Fig. 1], but the image simply fails to do it justice. The first one seems to evoke it better. But this is one of those images one must see in the flesh.At a distance it looks like a woven mat of reeds or slender stalks,  yellowed,  sun baked,  resting  on  top  of  some  darker, warmer   depth.   A   generous,   relaxed,   precise,   careful   yet giving,  caring  lineation  made  of  small  blobby  dots.  The warmth reminds you of Klee. The lines recall Bridget Riley. As you come closer and begin to face the image  it  begins  to play,  to  scintillate,  to  disturb  the  field  of  vision.  It  oscillates and  ripples,  more  intense  than  Riley.  How  did  I  know  this was  a  woman  artist  before  I  found  out  who  it  was?  In  fact this  is  a  painting  about,  a  map  of,  a  writing  about,  a  line  of women traveling through the sandhills of Yunala in Western Australia,  performing  rituals  and  collecting  bush  foods  as they  went.  The  painting  is  a  two-dimensional  map  of  an event unfolding a higher dimensional phase space.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Yukultji  Napangati’s  painting Untitled  (2011) is  in  the  Art Gallery  of  New  South  Wales,  and  was  highly  commended for  the  2011  Wynne  Prize.  The  painting  is  reproduced here [Fig. 1], but the image simply fails to do it justice. The first one seems to evoke it better. But this is one of those images one must see in the flesh.At a distance it looks like a woven mat of reeds or slender stalks,  yellowed,  sun baked,  resting  on  top  of  some  darker, warmer   depth.   A   generous,   relaxed,   precise,   careful   yet giving,  caring  lineation  made  of  small  blobby  dots.  The warmth reminds you of Klee. The lines recall Bridget Riley. As you come closer and begin to face the image  it  begins  to play,  to  scintillate,  to  disturb  the  field  of  vision.  It  oscillates and  ripples,  more  intense  than  Riley.  How  did  I  know  this was  a  woman  artist  before  I  found  out  who  it  was?  In  fact this  is  a  painting  about,  a  map  of,  a  writing  about,  a  line  of women traveling through the sandhills of Yunala in Western Australia,  performing  rituals  and  collecting  bush  foods  as they  went.  The  painting  is  a  two-dimensional  map  of  an event unfolding a higher dimensional phase space.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <PersonName>Alphonso Lingis</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Willows, rocks, cascades, clouds, peregrines, dragonflies: real things.  They  are  present,  in  the  present.  Having left  them, we find them again. They are where they are, independent of us, whether we locate them or not. There are times when all our  names,  categories,  and  uses  for  them  fade  away,  and  we are  confronted  with  their  brute  reality. The  urban  and  his-torical context of the Place de la Concorde fades away and we find  ourselves  standing  on  rough  stones  glistening  in  therain. Evolutionary  biology  contests  Platonic  metaphysics  and philosophical idealism: our perception of our environment is not essentially different from the perception of other biologi-cal  species.  Fish,  birds,  and  mammals  survive  because  the things they perceive are indeed external to their minds, inde-pendent of them, and as real as they are&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Willows, rocks, cascades, clouds, peregrines, dragonflies: real things.  They  are  present,  in  the  present.  Having left  them, we find them again. They are where they are, independent of us, whether we locate them or not. There are times when all our  names,  categories,  and  uses  for  them  fade  away,  and  we are  confronted  with  their  brute  reality. The  urban  and  his-torical context of the Place de la Concorde fades away and we find  ourselves  standing  on  rough  stones  glistening  in  therain. Evolutionary  biology  contests  Platonic  metaphysics  and philosophical idealism: our perception of our environment is not essentially different from the perception of other biologi-cal  species.  Fish,  birds,  and  mammals  survive  because  the things they perceive are indeed external to their minds, inde-pendent of them, and as real as they are&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Alterity and Life in the Thought of Lingis</TitleText>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This paper pays homage to Al Lingis’s mastery of key figures in the transcendental, existential, and phenomenological tra-ditions of philosophy. In the works of the 1980s, Phenomeno-logical Explanations and Deathbound Subjectivity among them, Lingis  displayed  a  supreme  control  in  explicating  the  tradi-tion,  preparing  for  the  breakthroughs  that  characterize  the great works written in his own idiom. In particular, we will trace two reductions, enabling us to see  how  Lingis  identifies  three  levels  of  subjectivity.  Begin-ning  with  the  sensibility  inherent  to  intentional  conscious-ness, Lingis performs a “reduction  to  sensuality,”  identifying auto-affective  consciousness.  He  then  performs  a “reduction to   substantiality,”   identifying   the   condition   for   hetero-affective  or  commanded  consciousness.  So,  from  sensibility to  sensuality,  and  from  there  to  commanded  subjection.  Of course  this  is  only  the  order  of  reasons,  if  we  can  put  it  like that,  not  the order  of  being,  in  which  the  imperative  is  pri-mary.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This paper pays homage to Al Lingis’s mastery of key figures in the transcendental, existential, and phenomenological tra-ditions of philosophy. In the works of the 1980s, Phenomeno-logical Explanations and Deathbound Subjectivity among them, Lingis  displayed  a  supreme  control  in  explicating  the  tradi-tion,  preparing  for  the  breakthroughs  that  characterize  the great works written in his own idiom. In particular, we will trace two reductions, enabling us to see  how  Lingis  identifies  three  levels  of  subjectivity.  Begin-ning  with  the  sensibility  inherent  to  intentional  conscious-ness, Lingis performs a “reduction  to  sensuality,”  identifying auto-affective  consciousness.  He  then  performs  a “reduction to   substantiality,”   identifying   the   condition   for   hetero-affective  or  commanded  consciousness.  So,  from  sensibility to  sensuality,  and  from  there  to  commanded  subjection.  Of course  this  is  only  the  order  of  reasons,  if  we  can  put  it  like that,  not  the order  of  being,  in  which  the  imperative  is  pri-mary.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Personal Correspondences</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>David Karnos</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Dear Tom, Three years have passed since you first asked me to write about Al Lingis and his correspondence with friends over the past  forty  years.  Sixteen  years  have  passed  since  Wolfgang Fuchs  and  I  gathered  together  the  first  20  years  of  Al’s  let-ters,  with  the  intention  of  providing  a  sourcebook  for  re-searchers. Letters  from  a  Nomad  Philosopher  (mss)  compiled over  200  letters  written  between  1973  and  1995.  Right  now it sits on the floor before my fireplace, scattered around me in folders  with  headings  like  Flesh,  Fun,  and  Friendship;  on People and Philosophers; Birth and Death. It sits before me now  much  like  the  final  exams  that  were  spread  around  the floor  in  front  of  fish  tanks  and  wall-to-wall  bookshelves  at Al’s house in State College, 1972. As a graduate assistant for one of his big introductory classes, we were grading, holding pass or fail thumbs like the young Caesars we felt to be. Only then,  as  I  recall  clearly,  when  we  would  utter  disgust  at  a piece  and  move  it  towards  a  would-be-fail  pile,  Al’s  hand would  dart  forward  and  intercept.  A  few  quick  searches  and he would find a passage to read us, and surround its reading with evocations of tenderness, liveliness, loveliness, and look-ing up at us staring at him blankly utter something like “bril-liant, don’t you think?”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Dear Tom, Three years have passed since you first asked me to write about Al Lingis and his correspondence with friends over the past  forty  years.  Sixteen  years  have  passed  since  Wolfgang Fuchs  and  I  gathered  together  the  first  20  years  of  Al’s  let-ters,  with  the  intention  of  providing  a  sourcebook  for  re-searchers. Letters  from  a  Nomad  Philosopher  (mss)  compiled over  200  letters  written  between  1973  and  1995.  Right  now it sits on the floor before my fireplace, scattered around me in folders  with  headings  like  Flesh,  Fun,  and  Friendship;  on People and Philosophers; Birth and Death. It sits before me now  much  like  the  final  exams  that  were  spread  around  the floor  in  front  of  fish  tanks  and  wall-to-wall  bookshelves  at Al’s house in State College, 1972. As a graduate assistant for one of his big introductory classes, we were grading, holding pass or fail thumbs like the young Caesars we felt to be. Only then,  as  I  recall  clearly,  when  we  would  utter  disgust  at  a piece  and  move  it  towards  a  would-be-fail  pile,  Al’s  hand would  dart  forward  and  intercept.  A  few  quick  searches  and he would find a passage to read us, and surround its reading with evocations of tenderness, liveliness, loveliness, and look-ing up at us staring at him blankly utter something like “bril-liant, don’t you think?”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <Affiliation>Teikyo University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This essay mines the phenomenal oeuvre of Alphonso Lingis to  explicate his  theory  of  communication.  It  is  argued  that there is such a theory and it is one intimately and inextricably linked  with  a  philosophy  of  community.  Cartographically and  genealogically,  to  chart  how  his  theory  of  communica-tion  has  taken  shape,  I  shall  draw  on  a  number  of  thinkers who  have  informed  his  thought  over  the  years.  While  com-pleting such a task presents formidable exegetical challenges, this  essay  claims  that  while  Lingis  indeed  has  a  theory  of communication, it is one synthesized and inflected by an ec-lectic  reading  of  continental  philosophers  such  as  Bataille, Deleuze  and  Guattari,  Levinas,  Merleau-Ponty, and Nie-tzsche, among others.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This essay mines the phenomenal oeuvre of Alphonso Lingis to  explicate his  theory  of  communication.  It  is  argued  that there is such a theory and it is one intimately and inextricably linked  with  a  philosophy  of  community.  Cartographically and  genealogically,  to  chart  how  his  theory  of  communica-tion  has  taken  shape,  I  shall  draw  on  a  number  of  thinkers who  have  informed  his  thought  over  the  years.  While  com-pleting such a task presents formidable exegetical challenges, this  essay  claims  that  while  Lingis  indeed  has  a  theory  of communication, it is one synthesized and inflected by an ec-lectic  reading  of  continental  philosophers  such  as  Bataille, Deleuze  and  Guattari,  Levinas,  Merleau-Ponty, and Nie-tzsche, among others.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;A note from the author about the following text: This is  an  archival  text,  delivered  at  a  Penn  State  Philoso-phy Department session on Al’s book in 1995, shortly after  it  had  been  published.  Despite  my  desires  to change, update, and fudge, I preserve the original dis-course  in  accordance  with  what  I  learn  from  Lingis’s example—the difficult joy of response, the irreducible singularity of the encounter, and the liveliness of me-mory, among so many other things. I find myself in a somewhat odd position here this afternoon, having  been  charged  with  the  task  of “briefly  reviewing  the main ideas” of Alphonso Lingis’s truly remarkable book, The Community of Those Who Have Nothing in Common. The dif-ficulty, I guess, is two-fold. First is the problem that one en-counters before any such rich and engaging text, the uncom-fortable difficulties of paraphrase: Have I gotten it right? Are these really the stakes of the project, or am I just making thisup?  How  to  impart  a  sense  of  the  text’s  rich  complexity, while  still  performing  some  kind  of  recognizable  summary? And  then  there’s  the  second  problem—the  fact  that  Al  is sitting right here, across the table from me, face-to-face. I’   m thinking  he  could  review  the  main  ideas  for  us  a  lot  better than I could, so what do you need me for, I begin to wonder?But I press on, trying to find a path, as we always do in Al’s work,  for  productively  engaging  the  joyously  cramped  space of response.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;A note from the author about the following text: This is  an  archival  text,  delivered  at  a  Penn  State  Philoso-phy Department session on Al’s book in 1995, shortly after  it  had  been  published.  Despite  my  desires  to change, update, and fudge, I preserve the original dis-course  in  accordance  with  what  I  learn  from  Lingis’s example—the difficult joy of response, the irreducible singularity of the encounter, and the liveliness of me-mory, among so many other things. I find myself in a somewhat odd position here this afternoon, having  been  charged  with  the  task  of “briefly  reviewing  the main ideas” of Alphonso Lingis’s truly remarkable book, The Community of Those Who Have Nothing in Common. The dif-ficulty, I guess, is two-fold. First is the problem that one en-counters before any such rich and engaging text, the uncom-fortable difficulties of paraphrase: Have I gotten it right? Are these really the stakes of the project, or am I just making thisup?  How  to  impart  a  sense  of  the  text’s  rich  complexity, while  still  performing  some  kind  of  recognizable  summary? And  then  there’s  the  second  problem—the  fact  that  Al  is sitting right here, across the table from me, face-to-face. I’   m thinking  he  could  review  the  main  ideas  for  us  a  lot  better than I could, so what do you need me for, I begin to wonder?But I press on, trying to find a path, as we always do in Al’s work,  for  productively  engaging  the  joyously  cramped  space of response.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Each  morning  we  wake  up  to  an  ongoing  miracle.  Light  is there  for  us  and  it  forms  a  level.  Along  this  level  I  see  the color-contrasts  of  the  Western  mountain  range’s  phospho-resce. Sounds awaken too. They awaken out of the level that is  the  murmur  of  nature  from  which  the  cry  of  hawks,  the whining  of  coyotes  fill  the  air.  And  close  by,  the  harsh  col-ored billboards stick up in the level of the light as the the cars and trucks roll by, hurried and noisy, emerging from the level that  is  sound,  the  sound  of  the  strong  winds  blowing  up  a storm  heading  east  to  the  plains  where  they  meet  the  Gulf moisture, twisting it into tornadoes. These levels, as Alphon-so  Lingis  calls  them, “form  in  a  medium without dimensions or  directions:  the  luminosity  more  vast  than any  panorama that  the  light  outlines  in  it,  the  vibrancy  that  prolongs  itself outside the city and beyond the murmur of nature, the dark-ness more abysmal than the night from which the day dawns and into which it entrusts itself.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Each  morning  we  wake  up  to  an  ongoing  miracle.  Light  is there  for  us  and  it  forms  a  level.  Along  this  level  I  see  the color-contrasts  of  the  Western  mountain  range’s  phospho-resce. Sounds awaken too. They awaken out of the level that is  the  murmur  of  nature  from  which  the  cry  of  hawks,  the whining  of  coyotes  fill  the  air.  And  close  by,  the  harsh  col-ored billboards stick up in the level of the light as the the cars and trucks roll by, hurried and noisy, emerging from the level that  is  sound,  the  sound  of  the  strong  winds  blowing  up  a storm  heading  east  to  the  plains  where  they  meet  the  Gulf moisture, twisting it into tornadoes. These levels, as Alphon-so  Lingis  calls  them, “form  in  a  medium without dimensions or  directions:  the  luminosity  more  vast  than any  panorama that  the  light  outlines  in  it,  the  vibrancy  that  prolongs  itself outside the city and beyond the murmur of nature, the dark-ness more abysmal than the night from which the day dawns and into which it entrusts itself.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;JS: You graduated from the Jesuit Loyola University in Chi-cago,  you  defended  a  dissertation  at  the  University  of  Leu-ven, where the Husserl Archives were founded. During your time  in  Europe  you  seem  to  have  attended  lectures  by  Jean-Paul Sartre, Jacques Lacan and maybe other Parisian figures. What  was  to  you  most  important  during  these  formative years? AL:  Leuven  was  where  I  really  learnt  philosophy.  When  I was  an  undergraduate,  I  did  not  have  a  good  education.  At Leuven it was a historical program, so we had to study each period. But it had an emphasis on contemporary philosophy. And students were mostly interested in contemporary philos-ophy. And I was also. I wrote my dissertation on Sartre and Merleau-Ponty.  For  me  that  was  the  beginning.  When  I wrote  my  dissertation,  then  I  started  really  to  understand something&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;JS: You graduated from the Jesuit Loyola University in Chi-cago,  you  defended  a  dissertation  at  the  University  of  Leu-ven, where the Husserl Archives were founded. During your time  in  Europe  you  seem  to  have  attended  lectures  by  Jean-Paul Sartre, Jacques Lacan and maybe other Parisian figures. What  was  to  you  most  important  during  these  formative years? AL:  Leuven  was  where  I  really  learnt  philosophy.  When  I was  an  undergraduate,  I  did  not  have  a  good  education.  At Leuven it was a historical program, so we had to study each period. But it had an emphasis on contemporary philosophy. And students were mostly interested in contemporary philos-ophy. And I was also. I wrote my dissertation on Sartre and Merleau-Ponty.  For  me  that  was  the  beginning.  When  I wrote  my  dissertation,  then  I  started  really  to  understand something&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Fans of Alphonso Lingis have cause for delight in the recent appearance  of  his  new  book Violence  and Splendor.1 Lingis  is of  Lithuanian  ancestry but  native  to  the  rural  region  nearChicago, and has been well known since the 1960s in severalcapacities.  In  his  early  career  he  was  known  primarily  as  an encyclopedic authority on French phenomenology, in partic-ular as the key English translator of the philosophers Levinasand  Merleau-Ponty.  As  a professor  at  Penn  State  he  was  a popular  and  magnetic  character,  earning  the  allegiance of generations  of  students due  to  an  informal  personality  and  a startling  mid-block  household filled  with  live  tropical  birds,sharks,  octopi,  and  electric  eels,  life-sized  wooden  Buddhas,flourishing colonies of bees, specimens of colorful moths andbeetles, and a bathroom mirrored on all    horizontal and verti-cal surfaces. As an author of books he emerged relatively late, in 1983, with his debutExcesses: Eros and Culture.2 This workset the  pattern for  his  future  writings,  mixing  philosophicalerudition  with  travel  narratives  from  the  most  exotic  loca-tions.  Along  the  way  he  established  a reputation  with  manyreaders (including me) as one of the greatest living masters of English  prose.  Lingis  has  been retired  from  Penn  State  for nearly a decade and now lives near Baltimore, where he con-tinues to write in the same spirit found in his earlier books.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Fans of Alphonso Lingis have cause for delight in the recent appearance  of  his  new  book Violence  and Splendor.1 Lingis  is of  Lithuanian  ancestry but  native  to  the  rural  region  nearChicago, and has been well known since the 1960s in severalcapacities.  In  his  early  career  he  was  known  primarily  as  an encyclopedic authority on French phenomenology, in partic-ular as the key English translator of the philosophers Levinasand  Merleau-Ponty.  As  a professor  at  Penn  State  he  was  a popular  and  magnetic  character,  earning  the  allegiance of generations  of  students due  to  an  informal  personality  and  a startling  mid-block  household filled  with  live  tropical  birds,sharks,  octopi,  and  electric  eels,  life-sized  wooden  Buddhas,flourishing colonies of bees, specimens of colorful moths andbeetles, and a bathroom mirrored on all    horizontal and verti-cal surfaces. As an author of books he emerged relatively late, in 1983, with his debutExcesses: Eros and Culture.2 This workset the  pattern for  his  future  writings,  mixing  philosophicalerudition  with  travel  narratives  from  the  most  exotic  loca-tions.  Along  the  way  he  established  a reputation  with  manyreaders (including me) as one of the greatest living masters of English  prose.  Lingis  has  been retired  from  Penn  State  for nearly a decade and now lives near Baltimore, where he con-tinues to write in the same spirit found in his earlier books.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Alphonso Lingis is the author of fourteen books and many essays. He is emeritus professor of philosophy at Pennsylvania State University. While many know him only as an eccentric ex-professor or as the translator of Emmanuel Levinas, Maurice Merleau-Ponty, and Pierre Klossowski, he is arguably the most distinctive voice in American continental philosophy. This is no doubt due to the perpetual travel that fuels his arresting written prose and unorthodox public readings. Lingis’s lifelong itinerary includes visits — some brief, others extended or recurring — to 109 countries. Along the way he has photographed innumerable strangers whose faces adorn the pages of his books. Photography is as essential to Lingis’s multidisciplinary philosophical perspective as is his knowledge of phenomenology, anthropology, or psychoanalysis. Some of his photographs have been recently collected and published in the book Contact. Unlike most career academics, Lingis has made a name for himself collecting exotic birds and other creatures, staging performance readings at professional conferences, keeping up a diligent correspondence with friends at home and abroad, and splicing together high theory with intimate autobiography. Those who know him speak of his warmth, sincerity, and noncombative style of argumentation — rare traits among university scholars. Itinerant Philosophy: On Alphonso Lingis gathers a diverse collection of texts on Lingis’s life and philosophy, including poetry, original interviews, essays, book reviews, and a photo essay. It also includes an unpublished piece by Lingis, “Doubles,” along with copies of several of his letters to a friend.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Alphonso Lingis is the author of fourteen books and many essays. He is emeritus professor of philosophy at Pennsylvania State University. While many know him only as an eccentric ex-professor or as the translator of Emmanuel Levinas, Maurice Merleau-Ponty, and Pierre Klossowski, he is arguably the most distinctive voice in American continental philosophy. This is no doubt due to the perpetual travel that fuels his arresting written prose and unorthodox public readings. Lingis’s lifelong itinerary includes visits — some brief, others extended or recurring — to 109 countries. Along the way he has photographed innumerable strangers whose faces adorn the pages of his books. Photography is as essential to Lingis’s multidisciplinary philosophical perspective as is his knowledge of phenomenology, anthropology, or psychoanalysis. Some of his photographs have been recently collected and published in the book Contact. Unlike most career academics, Lingis has made a name for himself collecting exotic birds and other creatures, staging performance readings at professional conferences, keeping up a diligent correspondence with friends at home and abroad, and splicing together high theory with intimate autobiography. Those who know him speak of his warmth, sincerity, and noncombative style of argumentation — rare traits among university scholars. Itinerant Philosophy: On Alphonso Lingis gathers a diverse collection of texts on Lingis’s life and philosophy, including poetry, original interviews, essays, book reviews, and a photo essay. It also includes an unpublished piece by Lingis, “Doubles,” along with copies of several of his letters to a friend.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In  2012  we  launched  the  now-inoperative  journal Singular-um, whose modus operandi read like this:Singularum operates on the premise that every facet of life  yields  transformative  aesthetic  encounters.  It  pro-vides  an  independent  venue  for  theorizing,  transmitt-ing,  and  staging  these  encounters.  Its  strategic  aim  is to  exhibit  thinking  born  at  the  interface  of  aesthetics &amp;amp; pedagogy.Unable to sustain this short-lived project in its original form, we decided to convert its two volumes into books, the first of which  is  devoted  to  the  work  of  nomadic  American  philo-sopher  Alphonso  Lingis.  Thanks  to  the  generosity  of  punc-tum  books  director  Eileen  Joy, along  with  her  dedicated accomplice Andrew Doty, you are now reading the foreword to what was once Volume 1 of Singularum&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;What I to you I loved you But you also meant nothing to me You were nothing but A box jellyfish The edges always coming out to meet the water A skin of water, not water-blue So that there was nothing we could find like ourselves And nothing like a center So that the animal was not a beak But a movement forward&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;BG  &amp;amp;  TS:  As you know, we’re planning to enter your body of work through the lens of photography and geography. We thought  we’d  start  our  conversation  there,  at  that  conjunc-tion.  What  motivated  you  to  start  to  include  photos  in  your text? AL:  In Excesses  I  thought  I  had  to  show  a  temple  at  Khaju-raho,  for  readers  who  had  never  seen  images  of  them.  I  also wanted  to  include  a  Nuba  man  photographed  by  Leni  Rief-enstahl—a photograph that, when I first came upon it, made me decide to go there (the text does not explain that)&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;For the past eight months I have been involved in an art pro-ject  in  which  I  take  a  photograph  of  a  moment  that  typifies the  general  feeling  of  my  day.  I  envisioned  this  project  as  a way  to  take  this  ongoing  and  often  ineffable  process  of  typ-ifaction and make it slightly more observable. What this has amounted  to  is  a  very  loose  and  necessarily  imprecise  record of  the  emotional  tone  of  my  life  for  the  past  two  hundred days  or  so.  My  plan  is  to  continue  with  this  project  for  the next two years. An even 730 days. What I hope to achieve is a productive coupling of practical obsession and virtual resig-nation.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <PersonName>Timothy Morton</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>Rice University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Yukultji  Napangati’s  painting Untitled  (2011) is  in  the  Art Gallery  of  New  South  Wales,  and  was  highly  commended for  the  2011  Wynne  Prize.  The  painting  is  reproduced here [Fig. 1], but the image simply fails to do it justice. The first one seems to evoke it better. But this is one of those images one must see in the flesh.At a distance it looks like a woven mat of reeds or slender stalks,  yellowed,  sun baked,  resting  on  top  of  some  darker, warmer   depth.   A   generous,   relaxed,   precise,   careful   yet giving,  caring  lineation  made  of  small  blobby  dots.  The warmth reminds you of Klee. The lines recall Bridget Riley. As you come closer and begin to face the image  it  begins  to play,  to  scintillate,  to  disturb  the  field  of  vision.  It  oscillates and  ripples,  more  intense  than  Riley.  How  did  I  know  this was  a  woman  artist  before  I  found  out  who  it  was?  In  fact this  is  a  painting  about,  a  map  of,  a  writing  about,  a  line  of women traveling through the sandhills of Yunala in Western Australia,  performing  rituals  and  collecting  bush  foods  as they  went.  The  painting  is  a  two-dimensional  map  of  an event unfolding a higher dimensional phase space.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Yukultji  Napangati’s  painting Untitled  (2011) is  in  the  Art Gallery  of  New  South  Wales,  and  was  highly  commended for  the  2011  Wynne  Prize.  The  painting  is  reproduced here [Fig. 1], but the image simply fails to do it justice. The first one seems to evoke it better. But this is one of those images one must see in the flesh.At a distance it looks like a woven mat of reeds or slender stalks,  yellowed,  sun baked,  resting  on  top  of  some  darker, warmer   depth.   A   generous,   relaxed,   precise,   careful   yet giving,  caring  lineation  made  of  small  blobby  dots.  The warmth reminds you of Klee. The lines recall Bridget Riley. As you come closer and begin to face the image  it  begins  to play,  to  scintillate,  to  disturb  the  field  of  vision.  It  oscillates and  ripples,  more  intense  than  Riley.  How  did  I  know  this was  a  woman  artist  before  I  found  out  who  it  was?  In  fact this  is  a  painting  about,  a  map  of,  a  writing  about,  a  line  of women traveling through the sandhills of Yunala in Western Australia,  performing  rituals  and  collecting  bush  foods  as they  went.  The  painting  is  a  two-dimensional  map  of  an event unfolding a higher dimensional phase space.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <PersonName>Alphonso Lingis</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>Pennsylvania State University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Willows, rocks, cascades, clouds, peregrines, dragonflies: real things.  They  are  present,  in  the  present.  Having left  them, we find them again. They are where they are, independent of us, whether we locate them or not. There are times when all our  names,  categories,  and  uses  for  them  fade  away,  and  we are  confronted  with  their  brute  reality. The  urban  and  his-torical context of the Place de la Concorde fades away and we find  ourselves  standing  on  rough  stones  glistening  in  therain. Evolutionary  biology  contests  Platonic  metaphysics  and philosophical idealism: our perception of our environment is not essentially different from the perception of other biologi-cal  species.  Fish,  birds,  and  mammals  survive  because  the things they perceive are indeed external to their minds, inde-pendent of them, and as real as they are&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Willows, rocks, cascades, clouds, peregrines, dragonflies: real things.  They  are  present,  in  the  present.  Having left  them, we find them again. They are where they are, independent of us, whether we locate them or not. There are times when all our  names,  categories,  and  uses  for  them  fade  away,  and  we are  confronted  with  their  brute  reality. The  urban  and  his-torical context of the Place de la Concorde fades away and we find  ourselves  standing  on  rough  stones  glistening  in  therain. Evolutionary  biology  contests  Platonic  metaphysics  and philosophical idealism: our perception of our environment is not essentially different from the perception of other biologi-cal  species.  Fish,  birds,  and  mammals  survive  because  the things they perceive are indeed external to their minds, inde-pendent of them, and as real as they are&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <PersonName>Lingis, Alphonso</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Alterity and Life in the Thought of Lingis</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>John Protevi</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>Louisiana State University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This paper pays homage to Al Lingis’s mastery of key figures in the transcendental, existential, and phenomenological tra-ditions of philosophy. In the works of the 1980s, Phenomeno-logical Explanations and Deathbound Subjectivity among them, Lingis  displayed  a  supreme  control  in  explicating  the  tradi-tion,  preparing  for  the  breakthroughs  that  characterize  the great works written in his own idiom. In particular, we will trace two reductions, enabling us to see  how  Lingis  identifies  three  levels  of  subjectivity.  Begin-ning  with  the  sensibility  inherent  to  intentional  conscious-ness, Lingis performs a “reduction  to  sensuality,”  identifying auto-affective  consciousness.  He  then  performs  a “reduction to   substantiality,”   identifying   the   condition   for   hetero-affective  or  commanded  consciousness.  So,  from  sensibility to  sensuality,  and  from  there  to  commanded  subjection.  Of course  this  is  only  the  order  of  reasons,  if  we  can  put  it  like that,  not  the order  of  being,  in  which  the  imperative  is  pri-mary.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This paper pays homage to Al Lingis’s mastery of key figures in the transcendental, existential, and phenomenological tra-ditions of philosophy. In the works of the 1980s, Phenomeno-logical Explanations and Deathbound Subjectivity among them, Lingis  displayed  a  supreme  control  in  explicating  the  tradi-tion,  preparing  for  the  breakthroughs  that  characterize  the great works written in his own idiom. In particular, we will trace two reductions, enabling us to see  how  Lingis  identifies  three  levels  of  subjectivity.  Begin-ning  with  the  sensibility  inherent  to  intentional  conscious-ness, Lingis performs a “reduction  to  sensuality,”  identifying auto-affective  consciousness.  He  then  performs  a “reduction to   substantiality,”   identifying   the   condition   for   hetero-affective  or  commanded  consciousness.  So,  from  sensibility to  sensuality,  and  from  there  to  commanded  subjection.  Of course  this  is  only  the  order  of  reasons,  if  we  can  put  it  like that,  not  the order  of  being,  in  which  the  imperative  is  pri-mary.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Personal Correspondences</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>David Karnos</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>Montana State University Billings</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Dear Tom, Three years have passed since you first asked me to write about Al Lingis and his correspondence with friends over the past  forty  years.  Sixteen  years  have  passed  since  Wolfgang Fuchs  and  I  gathered  together  the  first  20  years  of  Al’s  let-ters,  with  the  intention  of  providing  a  sourcebook  for  re-searchers. Letters  from  a  Nomad  Philosopher  (mss)  compiled over  200  letters  written  between  1973  and  1995.  Right  now it sits on the floor before my fireplace, scattered around me in folders  with  headings  like  Flesh,  Fun,  and  Friendship;  on People and Philosophers; Birth and Death. It sits before me now  much  like  the  final  exams  that  were  spread  around  the floor  in  front  of  fish  tanks  and  wall-to-wall  bookshelves  at Al’s house in State College, 1972. As a graduate assistant for one of his big introductory classes, we were grading, holding pass or fail thumbs like the young Caesars we felt to be. Only then,  as  I  recall  clearly,  when  we  would  utter  disgust  at  a piece  and  move  it  towards  a  would-be-fail  pile,  Al’s  hand would  dart  forward  and  intercept.  A  few  quick  searches  and he would find a passage to read us, and surround its reading with evocations of tenderness, liveliness, loveliness, and look-ing up at us staring at him blankly utter something like “bril-liant, don’t you think?”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Dear Tom, Three years have passed since you first asked me to write about Al Lingis and his correspondence with friends over the past  forty  years.  Sixteen  years  have  passed  since  Wolfgang Fuchs  and  I  gathered  together  the  first  20  years  of  Al’s  let-ters,  with  the  intention  of  providing  a  sourcebook  for  re-searchers. Letters  from  a  Nomad  Philosopher  (mss)  compiled over  200  letters  written  between  1973  and  1995.  Right  now it sits on the floor before my fireplace, scattered around me in folders  with  headings  like  Flesh,  Fun,  and  Friendship;  on People and Philosophers; Birth and Death. It sits before me now  much  like  the  final  exams  that  were  spread  around  the floor  in  front  of  fish  tanks  and  wall-to-wall  bookshelves  at Al’s house in State College, 1972. As a graduate assistant for one of his big introductory classes, we were grading, holding pass or fail thumbs like the young Caesars we felt to be. Only then,  as  I  recall  clearly,  when  we  would  utter  disgust  at  a piece  and  move  it  towards  a  would-be-fail  pile,  Al’s  hand would  dart  forward  and  intercept.  A  few  quick  searches  and he would find a passage to read us, and surround its reading with evocations of tenderness, liveliness, loveliness, and look-ing up at us staring at him blankly utter something like “bril-liant, don’t you think?”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Becoming-Troglodyte</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Joff Peter Norman Bradley</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>Teikyo University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This essay mines the phenomenal oeuvre of Alphonso Lingis to  explicate his  theory  of  communication.  It  is  argued  that there is such a theory and it is one intimately and inextricably linked  with  a  philosophy  of  community.  Cartographically and  genealogically,  to  chart  how  his  theory  of  communica-tion  has  taken  shape,  I  shall  draw  on  a  number  of  thinkers who  have  informed  his  thought  over  the  years.  While  com-pleting such a task presents formidable exegetical challenges, this  essay  claims  that  while  Lingis  indeed  has  a  theory  of communication, it is one synthesized and inflected by an ec-lectic  reading  of  continental  philosophers  such  as  Bataille, Deleuze  and  Guattari,  Levinas,  Merleau-Ponty, and Nie-tzsche, among others.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This essay mines the phenomenal oeuvre of Alphonso Lingis to  explicate his  theory  of  communication.  It  is  argued  that there is such a theory and it is one intimately and inextricably linked  with  a  philosophy  of  community.  Cartographically and  genealogically,  to  chart  how  his  theory  of  communica-tion  has  taken  shape,  I  shall  draw  on  a  number  of  thinkers who  have  informed  his  thought  over  the  years.  While  com-pleting such a task presents formidable exegetical challenges, this  essay  claims  that  while  Lingis  indeed  has  a  theory  of communication, it is one synthesized and inflected by an ec-lectic  reading  of  continental  philosophers  such  as  Bataille, Deleuze  and  Guattari,  Levinas,  Merleau-Ponty, and Nie-tzsche, among others.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Bradley, Joff Peter Norman </PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">On The Community of Those Who Have Nothing in Common</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Jeffrey Nealon</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>Pennsylvania State University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;A note from the author about the following text: This is  an  archival  text,  delivered  at  a  Penn  State  Philoso-phy Department session on Al’s book in 1995, shortly after  it  had  been  published.  Despite  my  desires  to change, update, and fudge, I preserve the original dis-course  in  accordance  with  what  I  learn  from  Lingis’s example—the difficult joy of response, the irreducible singularity of the encounter, and the liveliness of me-mory, among so many other things. I find myself in a somewhat odd position here this afternoon, having  been  charged  with  the  task  of “briefly  reviewing  the main ideas” of Alphonso Lingis’s truly remarkable book, The Community of Those Who Have Nothing in Common. The dif-ficulty, I guess, is two-fold. First is the problem that one en-counters before any such rich and engaging text, the uncom-fortable difficulties of paraphrase: Have I gotten it right? Are these really the stakes of the project, or am I just making thisup?  How  to  impart  a  sense  of  the  text’s  rich  complexity, while  still  performing  some  kind  of  recognizable  summary? And  then  there’s  the  second  problem—the  fact  that  Al  is sitting right here, across the table from me, face-to-face. I’   m thinking  he  could  review  the  main  ideas  for  us  a  lot  better than I could, so what do you need me for, I begin to wonder?But I press on, trying to find a path, as we always do in Al’s work,  for  productively  engaging  the  joyously  cramped  space of response.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;A note from the author about the following text: This is  an  archival  text,  delivered  at  a  Penn  State  Philoso-phy Department session on Al’s book in 1995, shortly after  it  had  been  published.  Despite  my  desires  to change, update, and fudge, I preserve the original dis-course  in  accordance  with  what  I  learn  from  Lingis’s example—the difficult joy of response, the irreducible singularity of the encounter, and the liveliness of me-mory, among so many other things. I find myself in a somewhat odd position here this afternoon, having  been  charged  with  the  task  of “briefly  reviewing  the main ideas” of Alphonso Lingis’s truly remarkable book, The Community of Those Who Have Nothing in Common. The dif-ficulty, I guess, is two-fold. First is the problem that one en-counters before any such rich and engaging text, the uncom-fortable difficulties of paraphrase: Have I gotten it right? Are these really the stakes of the project, or am I just making thisup?  How  to  impart  a  sense  of  the  text’s  rich  complexity, while  still  performing  some  kind  of  recognizable  summary? And  then  there’s  the  second  problem—the  fact  that  Al  is sitting right here, across the table from me, face-to-face. I’   m thinking  he  could  review  the  main  ideas  for  us  a  lot  better than I could, so what do you need me for, I begin to wonder?But I press on, trying to find a path, as we always do in Al’s work,  for  productively  engaging  the  joyously  cramped  space of response.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Each  morning  we  wake  up  to  an  ongoing  miracle.  Light  is there  for  us  and  it  forms  a  level.  Along  this  level  I  see  the color-contrasts  of  the  Western  mountain  range’s  phospho-resce. Sounds awaken too. They awaken out of the level that is  the  murmur  of  nature  from  which  the  cry  of  hawks,  the whining  of  coyotes  fill  the  air.  And  close  by,  the  harsh  col-ored billboards stick up in the level of the light as the the cars and trucks roll by, hurried and noisy, emerging from the level that  is  sound,  the  sound  of  the  strong  winds  blowing  up  a storm  heading  east  to  the  plains  where  they  meet  the  Gulf moisture, twisting it into tornadoes. These levels, as Alphon-so  Lingis  calls  them, “form  in  a  medium without dimensions or  directions:  the  luminosity  more  vast  than any  panorama that  the  light  outlines  in  it,  the  vibrancy  that  prolongs  itself outside the city and beyond the murmur of nature, the dark-ness more abysmal than the night from which the day dawns and into which it entrusts itself.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Each  morning  we  wake  up  to  an  ongoing  miracle.  Light  is there  for  us  and  it  forms  a  level.  Along  this  level  I  see  the color-contrasts  of  the  Western  mountain  range’s  phospho-resce. Sounds awaken too. They awaken out of the level that is  the  murmur  of  nature  from  which  the  cry  of  hawks,  the whining  of  coyotes  fill  the  air.  And  close  by,  the  harsh  col-ored billboards stick up in the level of the light as the the cars and trucks roll by, hurried and noisy, emerging from the level that  is  sound,  the  sound  of  the  strong  winds  blowing  up  a storm  heading  east  to  the  plains  where  they  meet  the  Gulf moisture, twisting it into tornadoes. These levels, as Alphon-so  Lingis  calls  them, “form  in  a  medium without dimensions or  directions:  the  luminosity  more  vast  than any  panorama that  the  light  outlines  in  it,  the  vibrancy  that  prolongs  itself outside the city and beyond the murmur of nature, the dark-ness more abysmal than the night from which the day dawns and into which it entrusts itself.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;JS: You graduated from the Jesuit Loyola University in Chi-cago,  you  defended  a  dissertation  at  the  University  of  Leu-ven, where the Husserl Archives were founded. During your time  in  Europe  you  seem  to  have  attended  lectures  by  Jean-Paul Sartre, Jacques Lacan and maybe other Parisian figures. What  was  to  you  most  important  during  these  formative years? AL:  Leuven  was  where  I  really  learnt  philosophy.  When  I was  an  undergraduate,  I  did  not  have  a  good  education.  At Leuven it was a historical program, so we had to study each period. But it had an emphasis on contemporary philosophy. And students were mostly interested in contemporary philos-ophy. And I was also. I wrote my dissertation on Sartre and Merleau-Ponty.  For  me  that  was  the  beginning.  When  I wrote  my  dissertation,  then  I  started  really  to  understand something&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;JS: You graduated from the Jesuit Loyola University in Chi-cago,  you  defended  a  dissertation  at  the  University  of  Leu-ven, where the Husserl Archives were founded. During your time  in  Europe  you  seem  to  have  attended  lectures  by  Jean-Paul Sartre, Jacques Lacan and maybe other Parisian figures. What  was  to  you  most  important  during  these  formative years? AL:  Leuven  was  where  I  really  learnt  philosophy.  When  I was  an  undergraduate,  I  did  not  have  a  good  education.  At Leuven it was a historical program, so we had to study each period. But it had an emphasis on contemporary philosophy. And students were mostly interested in contemporary philos-ophy. And I was also. I wrote my dissertation on Sartre and Merleau-Ponty.  For  me  that  was  the  beginning.  When  I wrote  my  dissertation,  then  I  started  really  to  understand something&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Fans of Alphonso Lingis have cause for delight in the recent appearance  of  his  new  book Violence  and Splendor.1 Lingis  is of  Lithuanian  ancestry but  native  to  the  rural  region  nearChicago, and has been well known since the 1960s in severalcapacities.  In  his  early  career  he  was  known  primarily  as  an encyclopedic authority on French phenomenology, in partic-ular as the key English translator of the philosophers Levinasand  Merleau-Ponty.  As  a professor  at  Penn  State  he  was  a popular  and  magnetic  character,  earning  the  allegiance of generations  of  students due  to  an  informal  personality  and  a startling  mid-block  household filled  with  live  tropical  birds,sharks,  octopi,  and  electric  eels,  life-sized  wooden  Buddhas,flourishing colonies of bees, specimens of colorful moths andbeetles, and a bathroom mirrored on all    horizontal and verti-cal surfaces. As an author of books he emerged relatively late, in 1983, with his debutExcesses: Eros and Culture.2 This workset the  pattern for  his  future  writings,  mixing  philosophicalerudition  with  travel  narratives  from  the  most  exotic  loca-tions.  Along  the  way  he  established  a reputation  with  manyreaders (including me) as one of the greatest living masters of English  prose.  Lingis  has  been retired  from  Penn  State  for nearly a decade and now lives near Baltimore, where he con-tinues to write in the same spirit found in his earlier books.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Fans of Alphonso Lingis have cause for delight in the recent appearance  of  his  new  book Violence  and Splendor.1 Lingis  is of  Lithuanian  ancestry but  native  to  the  rural  region  nearChicago, and has been well known since the 1960s in severalcapacities.  In  his  early  career  he  was  known  primarily  as  an encyclopedic authority on French phenomenology, in partic-ular as the key English translator of the philosophers Levinasand  Merleau-Ponty.  As  a professor  at  Penn  State  he  was  a popular  and  magnetic  character,  earning  the  allegiance of generations  of  students due  to  an  informal  personality  and  a startling  mid-block  household filled  with  live  tropical  birds,sharks,  octopi,  and  electric  eels,  life-sized  wooden  Buddhas,flourishing colonies of bees, specimens of colorful moths andbeetles, and a bathroom mirrored on all    horizontal and verti-cal surfaces. As an author of books he emerged relatively late, in 1983, with his debutExcesses: Eros and Culture.2 This workset the  pattern for  his  future  writings,  mixing  philosophicalerudition  with  travel  narratives  from  the  most  exotic  loca-tions.  Along  the  way  he  established  a reputation  with  manyreaders (including me) as one of the greatest living masters of English  prose.  Lingis  has  been retired  from  Penn  State  for nearly a decade and now lives near Baltimore, where he con-tinues to write in the same spirit found in his earlier books.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;What do a pudgy, orange autocrat, and pumped-up men in tights have in common? The connections, while profound, all rest on specific strategies employed by World Wrestling Entertainment during the early 2000s (known as WWE’s “Attitude Era”) when Donald Trump was centrally involved with the promotion of WWE. These are: (1) universally breaking kayfabe, the code of people in the industry not to reveal or admit fakery; (2) Vince McMahon (WWE’s CEO at that time) playing a fictional version of himself as someone constantly humiliated in storylines; (3) the vicious affirmation of traditional gender roles through parables of male domination; and (4) telling stories that encourage viewers to ignore the actual material conditions of WWE “superstars” in favor of conspiratorial fictions involving powerful individual actors. In Kayfabe Nation: Professional Wrestling, Donald Trump, and the New Cynicism, Hebert and Cogburn present a trenchant analysis of Attitude Era WWE, showing the extent to which MAGA is just is a function, or symptom, of Trump’s internalization of WWE’s most objectionable tropes.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Neal Hebert and Jon Cogburn’s goal is not to use WWE merely to understand Trumpism and the related autocratic turn in countries as diverse as El-Sisi’s Egypt, Putin’s Russia, Erdogan’s Turkey, Modi’s India, Bolsonaro’s Brazil, Orbán’s Hungary, Netanyahu’s Israel, and of course Trump’s own America. Beyond that, Kayfabe Nation is a defense of truth against the lie that culminates in the widespread adoption of self-defeating conspiracy theories among the constituency of the right, as well as against the idea, popular in corrupted center-left parties across the planet that political success comes down to adopting better rhetorical strategies, strategies that exist in part to cover over their abandonment of New Deal and socialist ideologies where the material conditions of their constituencies would actually improve.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;What do a pudgy, orange autocrat, and pumped-up men in tights have in common? The connections, while profound, all rest on specific strategies employed by World Wrestling Entertainment during the early 2000s (known as WWE’s “Attitude Era”) when Donald Trump was centrally involved with the promotion of WWE. These are: (1) universally breaking kayfabe, the code of people in the industry not to reveal or admit fakery; (2) Vince McMahon (WWE’s CEO at that time) playing a fictional version of himself as someone constantly humiliated in storylines; (3) the vicious affirmation of traditional gender roles through parables of male domination; and (4) telling stories that encourage viewers to ignore the actual material conditions of WWE “superstars” in favor of conspiratorial fictions involving powerful individual actors. In Kayfabe Nation: Professional Wrestling, Donald Trump, and the New Cynicism, Hebert and Cogburn present a trenchant analysis of Attitude Era WWE, showing the extent to which MAGA is just is a function, or symptom, of Trump’s internalization of WWE’s most objectionable tropes.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Neal Hebert and Jon Cogburn’s goal is not to use WWE merely to understand Trumpism and the related autocratic turn in countries as diverse as El-Sisi’s Egypt, Putin’s Russia, Erdogan’s Turkey, Modi’s India, Bolsonaro’s Brazil, Orbán’s Hungary, Netanyahu’s Israel, and of course Trump’s own America. Beyond that, Kayfabe Nation is a defense of truth against the lie that culminates in the widespread adoption of self-defeating conspiracy theories among the constituency of the right, as well as against the idea, popular in corrupted center-left parties across the planet that political success comes down to adopting better rhetorical strategies, strategies that exist in part to cover over their abandonment of New Deal and socialist ideologies where the material conditions of their constituencies would actually improve.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Jon Cogburn is chair of the Louisiana State University Department of Philosophy and Religious Studies. He has published extensively in philosophy of logic, metaphysics, epistemology, and the philosophy of art and with Mark Ohm and Abigail and Christopher Ray Alexander he has translated four books by Tristan Garcia. His monographs include Garcian Meditations: The Dialectics of Persistence in Form and Object (Edinburgh, 2017) and with Mark Silcox, Philosophy through Video Games (Routledge, 2008). He has edited, with Mark Silcox, Dungeons and Dragons and Philosophy (Open Court, 2012) and with Niki Young, The Graham Harman Reader (Zer0, 2023). With Michael Ardoline, he is currently finishing Weird Atheism: H.P. Lovecraft and the Meaning of Life and making progress on books on panpsychism and Object-Oriented Ontology with Niki Young. Cogburn has been an avid guitarist since junior high school and currently performs with the Baton Rouge area swamp punk bands Captain Paranoid and Down by Law. He paints with watercolors in his spare time. His immediate family includes two teenage children, two unruly, lovable dogs, two intrepid felines, and his fellow band member and wife, writer and philosopher Emily Cogburn.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;What do a pudgy, orange autocrat, and pumped-up men in tights have in common? The connections, while profound, all rest on specific strategies employed by World Wrestling Entertainment during the early 2000s (known as WWE’s “Attitude Era”) when Donald Trump was centrally involved with the promotion of WWE. These are: (1) universally breaking kayfabe, the code of people in the industry not to reveal or admit fakery; (2) Vince McMahon (WWE’s CEO at that time) playing a fictional version of himself as someone constantly humiliated in storylines; (3) the vicious affirmation of traditional gender roles through parables of male domination; and (4) telling stories that encourage viewers to ignore the actual material conditions of WWE “superstars” in favor of conspiratorial fictions involving powerful individual actors. In Kayfabe Nation: Professional Wrestling, Donald Trump, and the New Cynicism, Hebert and Cogburn present a trenchant analysis of Attitude Era WWE, showing the extent to which MAGA is just is a function, or symptom, of Trump’s internalization of WWE’s most objectionable tropes.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Neal Hebert and Jon Cogburn’s goal is not to use WWE merely to understand Trumpism and the related autocratic turn in countries as diverse as El-Sisi’s Egypt, Putin’s Russia, Erdogan’s Turkey, Modi’s India, Bolsonaro’s Brazil, Orbán’s Hungary, Netanyahu’s Israel, and of course Trump’s own America. Beyond that, Kayfabe Nation is a defense of truth against the lie that culminates in the widespread adoption of self-defeating conspiracy theories among the constituency of the right, as well as against the idea, popular in corrupted center-left parties across the planet that political success comes down to adopting better rhetorical strategies, strategies that exist in part to cover over their abandonment of New Deal and socialist ideologies where the material conditions of their constituencies would actually improve.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;What do a pudgy, orange autocrat, and pumped-up men in tights have in common? The connections, while profound, all rest on specific strategies employed by World Wrestling Entertainment during the early 2000s (known as WWE’s “Attitude Era”) when Donald Trump was centrally involved with the promotion of WWE. These are: (1) universally breaking kayfabe, the code of people in the industry not to reveal or admit fakery; (2) Vince McMahon (WWE’s CEO at that time) playing a fictional version of himself as someone constantly humiliated in storylines; (3) the vicious affirmation of traditional gender roles through parables of male domination; and (4) telling stories that encourage viewers to ignore the actual material conditions of WWE “superstars” in favor of conspiratorial fictions involving powerful individual actors. In Kayfabe Nation: Professional Wrestling, Donald Trump, and the New Cynicism, Hebert and Cogburn present a trenchant analysis of Attitude Era WWE, showing the extent to which MAGA is just is a function, or symptom, of Trump’s internalization of WWE’s most objectionable tropes.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Neal Hebert and Jon Cogburn’s goal is not to use WWE merely to understand Trumpism and the related autocratic turn in countries as diverse as El-Sisi’s Egypt, Putin’s Russia, Erdogan’s Turkey, Modi’s India, Bolsonaro’s Brazil, Orbán’s Hungary, Netanyahu’s Israel, and of course Trump’s own America. Beyond that, Kayfabe Nation is a defense of truth against the lie that culminates in the widespread adoption of self-defeating conspiracy theories among the constituency of the right, as well as against the idea, popular in corrupted center-left parties across the planet that political success comes down to adopting better rhetorical strategies, strategies that exist in part to cover over their abandonment of New Deal and socialist ideologies where the material conditions of their constituencies would actually improve.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Neal Hebert is Assistant Professor of Theatre at Grambling State University’s Department of Visual and Performing Arts. An experienced stage director and dramaturg, Hebert received his MA in Philosophy in 2008 and his PhD in Theatre History from Louisiana State University in 2016. Select shows from his career as a theatre practitioner include: Paula Vogel’s How I Learned to Drive, Sam Shepard’s Fool for Love, John C. Russell’s Stupid Kids for Hebert’s company Bang Bang You’re Dead Theatre, Neal LaBute’s The Shape of Things and Fat Pig, and Naomi Iizuka’s Good Kids. Hebert also directed the Louisiana regional premiere of David Auburn’s Proof in 2005. He taught at Louisiana State University, McNeese State University, and Southern University of Baton Rouge before finding his home at GSU. Hebert’s research has been published in Ecumenica, The Arthur Miller Journal, Theatre Annual, and Oxford University Press’s first Anthology of Dance and Theatre. Hebert has a deep and abiding love for horror movies, roleplaying games, and speculative fiction. He and his wife, Cici, co-parent their blended household of five cats.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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        <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Jon Cogburn is chair of the Louisiana State University Department of Philosophy and Religious Studies. He has published extensively in philosophy of logic, metaphysics, epistemology, and the philosophy of art and with Mark Ohm and Abigail and Christopher Ray Alexander he has translated four books by Tristan Garcia. His monographs include Garcian Meditations: The Dialectics of Persistence in Form and Object (Edinburgh, 2017) and with Mark Silcox, Philosophy through Video Games (Routledge, 2008). He has edited, with Mark Silcox, Dungeons and Dragons and Philosophy (Open Court, 2012) and with Niki Young, The Graham Harman Reader (Zer0, 2023). With Michael Ardoline, he is currently finishing Weird Atheism: H.P. Lovecraft and the Meaning of Life and making progress on books on panpsychism and Object-Oriented Ontology with Niki Young. Cogburn has been an avid guitarist since junior high school and currently performs with the Baton Rouge area swamp punk bands Captain Paranoid and Down by Law. He paints with watercolors in his spare time. His immediate family includes two teenage children, two unruly, lovable dogs, two intrepid felines, and his fellow band member and wife, writer and philosopher Emily Cogburn.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;What do a pudgy, orange autocrat, and pumped-up men in tights have in common? The connections, while profound, all rest on specific strategies employed by World Wrestling Entertainment during the early 2000s (known as WWE’s “Attitude Era”) when Donald Trump was centrally involved with the promotion of WWE. These are: (1) universally breaking kayfabe, the code of people in the industry not to reveal or admit fakery; (2) Vince McMahon (WWE’s CEO at that time) playing a fictional version of himself as someone constantly humiliated in storylines; (3) the vicious affirmation of traditional gender roles through parables of male domination; and (4) telling stories that encourage viewers to ignore the actual material conditions of WWE “superstars” in favor of conspiratorial fictions involving powerful individual actors. In Kayfabe Nation: Professional Wrestling, Donald Trump, and the New Cynicism, Hebert and Cogburn present a trenchant analysis of Attitude Era WWE, showing the extent to which MAGA is just is a function, or symptom, of Trump’s internalization of WWE’s most objectionable tropes.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Neal Hebert and Jon Cogburn’s goal is not to use WWE merely to understand Trumpism and the related autocratic turn in countries as diverse as El-Sisi’s Egypt, Putin’s Russia, Erdogan’s Turkey, Modi’s India, Bolsonaro’s Brazil, Orbán’s Hungary, Netanyahu’s Israel, and of course Trump’s own America. Beyond that, Kayfabe Nation is a defense of truth against the lie that culminates in the widespread adoption of self-defeating conspiracy theories among the constituency of the right, as well as against the idea, popular in corrupted center-left parties across the planet that political success comes down to adopting better rhetorical strategies, strategies that exist in part to cover over their abandonment of New Deal and socialist ideologies where the material conditions of their constituencies would actually improve.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;What do a pudgy, orange autocrat, and pumped-up men in tights have in common? The connections, while profound, all rest on specific strategies employed by World Wrestling Entertainment during the early 2000s (known as WWE’s “Attitude Era”) when Donald Trump was centrally involved with the promotion of WWE. These are: (1) universally breaking kayfabe, the code of people in the industry not to reveal or admit fakery; (2) Vince McMahon (WWE’s CEO at that time) playing a fictional version of himself as someone constantly humiliated in storylines; (3) the vicious affirmation of traditional gender roles through parables of male domination; and (4) telling stories that encourage viewers to ignore the actual material conditions of WWE “superstars” in favor of conspiratorial fictions involving powerful individual actors. In Kayfabe Nation: Professional Wrestling, Donald Trump, and the New Cynicism, Hebert and Cogburn present a trenchant analysis of Attitude Era WWE, showing the extent to which MAGA is just is a function, or symptom, of Trump’s internalization of WWE’s most objectionable tropes.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Neal Hebert and Jon Cogburn’s goal is not to use WWE merely to understand Trumpism and the related autocratic turn in countries as diverse as El-Sisi’s Egypt, Putin’s Russia, Erdogan’s Turkey, Modi’s India, Bolsonaro’s Brazil, Orbán’s Hungary, Netanyahu’s Israel, and of course Trump’s own America. Beyond that, Kayfabe Nation is a defense of truth against the lie that culminates in the widespread adoption of self-defeating conspiracy theories among the constituency of the right, as well as against the idea, popular in corrupted center-left parties across the planet that political success comes down to adopting better rhetorical strategies, strategies that exist in part to cover over their abandonment of New Deal and socialist ideologies where the material conditions of their constituencies would actually improve.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Lamma aims to provide a forum for critically understanding the complex ideas, values, social configurations, histories, and material realities in Libya. Recognizing, and insisting on, the urgent need for such a forum, we give attention to a wide a range of disciplines, sources, and approaches, foregrounding especially those which have previously received less scholarly attention. This includes, but is not limited to: anthropology, art, gender, history, linguistics, literature, music, performance studies, politics, religion, and urban studies, in addition to their intersections, their subfields, the places in between, and critical, theoretical, and postcolonial approaches thereto. Lamma is a space where these fields can interact and draw from one another, and where scholars and students from inside and outside of Libya gather to redefine and reshape “Libyan Studies.” We believe that access to research is not the privilege of a few but the right of all and that knowledge production should be inclusive. For these reasons the journal takes its name from the Arabic word lamma, "a gathering."&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This first issue of Lamma brings together academic research, cultural commentary, literature, and translation. It aims to show some of the possible varieties of research on Libya, from history and literature to sociolinguistics, gender studies, and more. But, perhaps more importantly, it aims to show that the efforts of academic researchers, cultural actors, writers, translators, and even artists are not separate endeavors but rather intertwined. By bringing these efforts together in one forum, we hope to set them in fruitful dialog with each other—and thus begin to complexify the notion of "Libyan Studies."&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Lamma aims to provide a forum for critically understanding the complex ideas, values, social configurations, histories, and material realities in Libya. Recognizing, and insisting on, the urgent need for such a forum, we give attention to as wide a range of disciplines, sources, and approaches as possible, foregrounding especially those which have previously received less scholarly attention. This includes, but is not limited to: anthropology, art, gender, history, linguistics, literature, music, performance studies, politics, religion, and urban studies, in addition to their intersections, their subfields, the places in between, and critical, theoretical, and postcolonial approaches thereto. Lamma is a space where these fields interact and draw from one another, and where scholars and students from inside and outside of Libya gather to redefine and reshape “Libyan Studies”. We believe that access to research is not the privilege of a few but the right of all and that knowledge production should be inclusive. For these reasons the journal takes its name from the Arabic word lamma “a gathering.”&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The contributions in this second issue help to open up space for interrelated discussions on a variety of topics, almost all largely neglected in the contemporary scholarly study of Libya. The focal point of this issue is the reflective contributions by members of a roundtable discussion “Methods and Sources for a New Generation of Libyan Studies” which took place at the 2020 MESA conference. We also mark the publication of a watershed book on genocide in colonial Libya with a trio of responses. As ever, we believe in the generative power in dialoguing and mixing works of art, literature, and scholarship as we seek to shape and re-shape new discussions on, about, from, and in Libya.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Lamma aims to provide a forum for critically understanding the complex ideas, values, social configurations, histories, and material realities in Libya. Recognizing, and insisting on, the urgent need for such a forum, we give attention to as wide a range of disciplines, sources, and approaches as possible, foregrounding especially those which have previously received less scholarly attention. This includes, but is not limited to: anthropology, art, gender, history, linguistics, literature, music, performance studies, politics, religion, and urban studies, in addition to their intersections, their subfields, the places in between, and critical, theoretical, and postcolonial approaches thereto. Lamma is a space where these fields interact and draw from one another, and where scholars and students from inside and outside of Libya gather to redefine and reshape “Libyan Studies”. We believe that access to research is not the privilege of a few but the right of all and that knowledge production should be inclusive. For these reasons the journal takes its name from the Arabic word lamma “a gathering.”&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The contributions in this second issue help to open up space for interrelated discussions on a variety of topics, almost all largely neglected in the contemporary scholarly study of Libya. The focal point of this issue is the reflective contributions by members of a roundtable discussion “Methods and Sources for a New Generation of Libyan Studies” which took place at the 2020 MESA conference. We also mark the publication of a watershed book on genocide in colonial Libya with a trio of responses. As ever, we believe in the generative power in dialoguing and mixing works of art, literature, and scholarship as we seek to shape and re-shape new discussions on, about, from, and in Libya.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text>Lameen Souag &amp; Adam Benkato – “The Tuareg dialect of Ghat in 1850”

Leila Tayeb – “Roundtable: Methods and Sources for a New Generation of Libyan Studies”

Adam Benkato – “Research on Language in Libya”

Fathia Elmenghawi – “Challenges and Promises Related to Research on Women and Public Space in Tripoli, Libya”

Asma Khalifa – “Field Research in Libya”

Leila Tayeb – “Knowing Libya: Ethnography”

Amina Zarrugh – “Libyan Studies: A Call to Sociology”

Ibrahim al-Imam translated by Safa Elnaili – “The Oasis Folks”

Khaoula Bengezi – “Uncovering Concealed Past, Centering Silenced Knowledges”

Ouissal Harize – “‘Qtǝlni al-shar’”

Khaled Mattawa – “Rising from Shar: A Meditation on the Future of our History”

Ali Ahmida – “Review of Religion as Resistance by Eileen Ryan”

Tasnim Qutait – “Review of Women in the Modern History of Libya edited by Barbara Spadaro &amp; Katrina Yeaw”

N. A. Mansour – “Review of In Vested Interests edited by AbdulMagid Breish, Louisa MacMillan, &amp; Mysa Kafil-Hussain”

Sarri Elfaituri – “Tajarrod Foundation: Towards a new free and creative space” (in Arabic)</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Lamma aims to provide a forum for critically understanding the complex ideas, values, social configurations, histories, and material realities in Libya. Recognizing, and insisting on, the urgent need for such a forum, we give attention to as wide a range of disciplines, sources, and approaches as possible, foregrounding especially those which have previously received less scholarly attention. This includes, but is not limited to: anthropology, art, gender, history, linguistics, literature, music, performance studies, politics, religion, and urban studies, in addition to their intersections, their subfields, the places in between, and critical, theoretical, and postcolonial approaches thereto. Lamma is a space where these fields interact and draw from one another, and where scholars and students from inside and outside of Libya gather to redefine and reshape “Libyan Studies”. We believe that access to research is not the privilege of a few but the right of all and that knowledge production should be inclusive. For these reasons the journal takes its name from the Arabic word lamma “a gathering.”&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The contributions in this second issue help to open up space for interrelated discussions on a variety of topics, almost all largely neglected in the contemporary scholarly study of Libya. The focal point of this issue is the reflective contributions by members of a roundtable discussion “Methods and Sources for a New Generation of Libyan Studies” which took place at the 2020 MESA conference. We also mark the publication of a watershed book on genocide in colonial Libya with a trio of responses. As ever, we believe in the generative power in dialoguing and mixing works of art, literature, and scholarship as we seek to shape and re-shape new discussions on, about, from, and in Libya.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Lamma aims to provide a forum for critically understanding the complex ideas, values, social configurations, histories, and material realities in Libya. Recognizing, and insisting on, the urgent need for such a forum, we give attention to as wide a range of disciplines, sources, and approaches as possible, foregrounding especially those which have previously received less scholarly attention. This includes, but is not limited to: anthropology, art, gender, history, linguistics, literature, music, performance studies, politics, religion, and urban studies, in addition to their intersections, their subfields, the places in between, and critical, theoretical, and postcolonial approaches thereto. Lamma is a space where these fields interact and draw from one another, and where scholars and students from inside and outside of Libya gather to redefine and reshape “Libyan Studies”. We believe that access to research is not the privilege of a few but the right of all and that knowledge production should be inclusive. For these reasons the journal takes its name from the Arabic word lamma “a gathering.”&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The contributions in this second issue help to open up space for interrelated discussions on a variety of topics, almost all largely neglected in the contemporary scholarly study of Libya. The focal point of this issue is the reflective contributions by members of a roundtable discussion “Methods and Sources for a New Generation of Libyan Studies” which took place at the 2020 MESA conference. We also mark the publication of a watershed book on genocide in colonial Libya with a trio of responses. As ever, we believe in the generative power in dialoguing and mixing works of art, literature, and scholarship as we seek to shape and re-shape new discussions on, about, from, and in Libya.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text>Lameen Souag &amp; Adam Benkato – “The Tuareg dialect of Ghat in 1850”

Leila Tayeb – “Roundtable: Methods and Sources for a New Generation of Libyan Studies”

Adam Benkato – “Research on Language in Libya”

Fathia Elmenghawi – “Challenges and Promises Related to Research on Women and Public Space in Tripoli, Libya”

Asma Khalifa – “Field Research in Libya”

Leila Tayeb – “Knowing Libya: Ethnography”

Amina Zarrugh – “Libyan Studies: A Call to Sociology”

Ibrahim al-Imam translated by Safa Elnaili – “The Oasis Folks”

Khaoula Bengezi – “Uncovering Concealed Past, Centering Silenced Knowledges”

Ouissal Harize – “‘Qtǝlni al-shar’”

Khaled Mattawa – “Rising from Shar: A Meditation on the Future of our History”

Ali Ahmida – “Review of Religion as Resistance by Eileen Ryan”

Tasnim Qutait – “Review of Women in the Modern History of Libya edited by Barbara Spadaro &amp; Katrina Yeaw”

N. A. Mansour – “Review of In Vested Interests edited by AbdulMagid Breish, Louisa MacMillan, &amp; Mysa Kafil-Hussain”

Sarri Elfaituri – “Tajarrod Foundation: Towards a new free and creative space” (in Arabic)</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In June and July 2014, philologist Vincent W.J. van Gerven Oei and photographer Marco Mazzi undertook the Albanian Lapidar Survey, a project to map, document, and photograph the large majority of Albanian lapidars, a particular type of monument, mainly produced in the period that the communist Labor Party of Albania ruled the country (1945–1990) to commemorate the partisan victims, battles, and military units from the National Anti-Fascist Liberation War (which coincided with World War II), as well as historical figures from before the liberation and the accomplishments of socialism in Albania afterward.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;These lapidars, which can still be found, albeit in ever decreasing numbers, all over the country — in cities and villages, alongside roads, in forests and on mountain passes — are witness to an enormous expenditure of labor and resources to turn the landscape into a site of what was called “monumental propaganda.” The Albanian Lapidar Survey aimed to capture these monuments as fact.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The results of this project are collected into a three-volume, dual-language (English and Albanian) catalogue, under the title Lapidari. The first volume comprises a series of critical reflections on Albanian monumentality of the period 1945–1990 from a variety of perspectives, as well as historical documents and a full indexation of all inscriptions found on the documented monuments. Volume 2 and Volume 3 feature the photographic documentation of all 649 recorded monumental sites by photographer Marco Mazzi.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In June and July 2014, philologist Vincent W.J. van Gerven Oei and photographer Marco Mazzi undertook the Albanian Lapidar Survey, a project to map, document, and photograph the large majority of Albanian lapidars, a particular type of monument, mainly produced in the period that the communist Labor Party of Albania ruled the country (1945–1990) to commemorate the partisan victims, battles, and military units from the National Anti-Fascist Liberation War (which coincided with World War II), as well as historical figures from before the liberation and the accomplishments of socialism in Albania afterward.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;These lapidars, which can still be found, albeit in ever decreasing numbers, all over the country — in cities and villages, alongside roads, in forests and on mountain passes — are witness to an enormous expenditure of labor and resources to turn the landscape into a site of what was called “monumental propaganda.” The Albanian Lapidar Survey aimed to capture these monuments as fact.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The results of this project are collected into a three-volume, dual-language (English and Albanian) catalogue, under the title Lapidari. The first volume comprises a series of critical reflections on Albanian monumentality of the period 1945–1990 from a variety of perspectives, as well as historical documents and a full indexation of all inscriptions found on the documented monuments. Volume 2 and Volume 3 feature the photographic documentation of all 649 recorded monumental sites by photographer Marco Mazzi.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;To  a  large  extent,  the  period  between  1945–1990  in  Al-banian  history,  and  the  type  of  monumentality  created  during  this  period,  is  still  unreadable  to  us  today.  This  unreadability  is  partially  the  result  of  a  politicization  of  the  monumental  heritage  from  this  period,  if  not  its  entire  historiography,  as  evidenced  by  the  many  con-flicting   descriptive   adjectives   launched   like   missiles   into   the   past:   “socialist,”   “communist,”   “dictatorial,”   “scientific-stalinist,” “terrorist,” “totalitarian,” and so on. This situation, however, has led to a climate of insistent negligence,  if  not  outright  condemnation  and  destruc-tion, as well as various gaps in the scholarly tradition at-tending to the various sorts of monumentality in the Al-banian cultural landscape. The most recent overview of Albanian monumentality was published in 1973, entitled Përmendore të heroizmit shqiptar (Memorials of Albanian Heroism).1  This  album  was  published  as  a  part  of  the  campaign  of  what  then  Secretary  of  the  Central  Com-mitte  of  the  Albanian  Labor  Party  Ramiz  Alia  called  “monumental  propaganda,”  being  an  integral  element  of the Cultural and Ideological Revolution. As a project, the  Albanian  Lapidar  Survey  (als),  conducted  by  the  Department of Eagles in 2014, aimed to give a first, and general, overview of Albanian monumentality from the period 1945–1990.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;To  a  large  extent,  the  period  between  1945–1990  in  Al-banian  history,  and  the  type  of  monumentality  created  during  this  period,  is  still  unreadable  to  us  today.  This  unreadability  is  partially  the  result  of  a  politicization  of  the  monumental  heritage  from  this  period,  if  not  its  entire  historiography,  as  evidenced  by  the  many  con-flicting   descriptive   adjectives   launched   like   missiles   into   the   past:   “socialist,”   “communist,”   “dictatorial,”   “scientific-stalinist,” “terrorist,” “totalitarian,” and so on. This situation, however, has led to a climate of insistent negligence,  if  not  outright  condemnation  and  destruc-tion, as well as various gaps in the scholarly tradition at-tending to the various sorts of monumentality in the Al-banian cultural landscape. The most recent overview of Albanian monumentality was published in 1973, entitled Përmendore të heroizmit shqiptar (Memorials of Albanian Heroism).1  This  album  was  published  as  a  part  of  the  campaign  of  what  then  Secretary  of  the  Central  Com-mitte  of  the  Albanian  Labor  Party  Ramiz  Alia  called  “monumental  propaganda,”  being  an  integral  element  of the Cultural and Ideological Revolution. As a project, the  Albanian  Lapidar  Survey  (als),  conducted  by  the  Department of Eagles in 2014, aimed to give a first, and general, overview of Albanian monumentality from the period 1945–1990.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Në  historinë  e  Shqipërisë,  periudha  midis  viteve  1945–1990 dhe llojet e monumentalizmit që u prodhuan, janë më së shumti të palexueshme për ne sot. Shkak për këtë palexueshmëri,  të  paktën  pjesërisht,  është  politizimi  i  trashëgimisë monumentale, në mos i gjithë historiogra-fisë  së  kësaj  periudhe,  siç  evidentohet  ndër  të  tjera  nga  cilësimet e tipit: “socialiste”, “komuniste”, “diktatoriale”, “shkencore-staliniste”,  “terroriste”,  “totalitare”  e  kështu  me  rradhë,  që  lëshohen  si  predha  mbi  të  kaluarën.  Për  pasojë,  është  krijuar  një  klimë  mospërfilljeje  kronike,  në  mos  ndëshkimi  e  shkatërrimi  të  mirëfilltë,  dhe  janë  hapur  boshllëqe  të  ndryshme  në  traditën  shkollare  që  merret  me  format  e  ndryshme  të  monumentalizmit  në  peizazhin  kulturor  shqiptar.  Botimi  i  fundit  kushtuar  monumentalizmit  shqiptar  në  tërësi,  i  titulluar  Përmen-dore  të  heroizmit  shqiptar,  daton  në  1973.1  Ky  album  qe  pjesë  e  fushatës  që  Sekretari  i  atëhershëm  i  Komitetit  Qendror  të  Partisë  së  Punës  së  Shqipërisë,  Ramiz  Alia,  quajti “propaganda monumentale”, që konsiderohej një pjesë e rëndësishme e Revolucionit Ideologjik e Kultu-ror.  Projekti  “Hulumtim  mbi  Lapidarët  e  Shqipërisë”  (“Albanian Lapidar Survey”, shkurt als) i Departamen-tit  të  Shqiponjave  zhvilluar  në  2014,  ka  për  qëllim  të  ofrojë një pasqyrë fillestare e të përgjithshme të monu-mentalizmit shqiptar të periudhës 1945–1990.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Në  historinë  e  Shqipërisë,  periudha  midis  viteve  1945–1990 dhe llojet e monumentalizmit që u prodhuan, janë më së shumti të palexueshme për ne sot. Shkak për këtë palexueshmëri,  të  paktën  pjesërisht,  është  politizimi  i  trashëgimisë monumentale, në mos i gjithë historiogra-fisë  së  kësaj  periudhe,  siç  evidentohet  ndër  të  tjera  nga  cilësimet e tipit: “socialiste”, “komuniste”, “diktatoriale”, “shkencore-staliniste”,  “terroriste”,  “totalitare”  e  kështu  me  rradhë,  që  lëshohen  si  predha  mbi  të  kaluarën.  Për  pasojë,  është  krijuar  një  klimë  mospërfilljeje  kronike,  në  mos  ndëshkimi  e  shkatërrimi  të  mirëfilltë,  dhe  janë  hapur  boshllëqe  të  ndryshme  në  traditën  shkollare  që  merret  me  format  e  ndryshme  të  monumentalizmit  në  peizazhin  kulturor  shqiptar.  Botimi  i  fundit  kushtuar  monumentalizmit  shqiptar  në  tërësi,  i  titulluar  Përmen-dore  të  heroizmit  shqiptar,  daton  në  1973.1  Ky  album  qe  pjesë  e  fushatës  që  Sekretari  i  atëhershëm  i  Komitetit  Qendror  të  Partisë  së  Punës  së  Shqipërisë,  Ramiz  Alia,  quajti “propaganda monumentale”, që konsiderohej një pjesë e rëndësishme e Revolucionit Ideologjik e Kultu-ror.  Projekti  “Hulumtim  mbi  Lapidarët  e  Shqipërisë”  (“Albanian Lapidar Survey”, shkurt als) i Departamen-tit  të  Shqiponjave  zhvilluar  në  2014,  ka  për  qëllim  të  ofrojë një pasqyrë fillestare e të përgjithshme të monu-mentalizmit shqiptar të periudhës 1945–1990.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <IDValue>10.21983/P3.0094.1.04</IDValue>
          </TextItemIdentifier>
        </TextItem>
        <PageRun>
          <FirstPageNumber>29</FirstPageNumber>
          <LastPageNumber>29</LastPageNumber>
        </PageRun>
        <NumberOfPages>1</NumberOfPages>
        <EpubLicense>
          <EpubLicenseName>Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported license (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0).</EpubLicenseName>
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        <ComponentTypeName>Chapter</ComponentTypeName>
        <TitleDetail>
          <TitleType>01</TitleType>
          <TitleElement>
            <TitleElementLevel>01</TitleElementLevel>
            <TitleText language="eng">Circular to the Prefectural Executive Committee (Section Education)</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Regarding Lapidars</Subtitle>
          </TitleElement>
        </TitleDetail>
        <Contributor>
          <SequenceNumber>1</SequenceNumber>
          <ContributorRole>A01</ContributorRole>
          <PersonName>Directorate of Culture, Ministry of Education, People's Republic of Albania</PersonName>
          <KeyNames>Directorate of Culture</KeyNames>
        </Contributor>
        <Language>
          <LanguageRole>01</LanguageRole>
          <LanguageCode>eng</LanguageCode>
        </Language>
        <TextContent>
          <TextType>03</TextType>
          <ContentAudience>00</ContentAudience>
          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Our National Liberation War has truly been a war of the  masses, such that there is no village, neighborhood, and road left where it did not leave its traces.1 It is our duty that  they  immortalize  this  holy  and  heroic  war  of  our  people.  We  have  to  realize  that  each  traveller,  wherever  he may pass, may say: “Here has been fought.”How to make sure that our people and especially the future generations may forever consider the large sacri-fices with which the freedom that we enjoy was won?In  the  first  place  we  have  to  immortalize  the  hun-dreds and thousands of names of our martyrs. Our gov-ernment will directly take care of this and has to give all its assistance to the initiative of the people and organiza-tions in this direction.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
        </TextContent>
        <TextContent>
          <TextType>30</TextType>
          <ContentAudience>00</ContentAudience>
          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Our National Liberation War has truly been a war of the  masses, such that there is no village, neighborhood, and road left where it did not leave its traces.1 It is our duty that  they  immortalize  this  holy  and  heroic  war  of  our  people.  We  have  to  realize  that  each  traveller,  wherever  he may pass, may say: “Here has been fought.”How to make sure that our people and especially the future generations may forever consider the large sacri-fices with which the freedom that we enjoy was won?In  the  first  place  we  have  to  immortalize  the  hun-dreds and thousands of names of our martyrs. Our gov-ernment will directly take care of this and has to give all its assistance to the initiative of the people and organiza-tions in this direction.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
        </TextContent>
        <TextContent>
          <TextType>20</TextType>
          <ContentAudience>00</ContentAudience>
          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
        </TextContent>
        <CopyrightStatement>
          <CopyrightOwner>
            <PersonName>People's Republic of Albania, Ministry of Education, Directorate of Culture </PersonName>
          </CopyrightOwner>
        </CopyrightStatement>
      </ContentItem>
      <ContentItem>
        <LevelSequenceNumber>5</LevelSequenceNumber>
        <TextItem>
          <TextItemType>03</TextItemType>
          <TextItemIdentifier>
            <TextItemIDType>06</TextItemIDType>
            <IDValue>10.21983/P3.0094.1.05</IDValue>
          </TextItemIdentifier>
        </TextItem>
        <PageRun>
          <FirstPageNumber>31</FirstPageNumber>
          <LastPageNumber>31</LastPageNumber>
        </PageRun>
        <NumberOfPages>1</NumberOfPages>
        <EpubLicense>
          <EpubLicenseName>Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported license (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0).</EpubLicenseName>
          <EpubLicenseExpression>
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            <EpubLicenseExpressionLink>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/</EpubLicenseExpressionLink>
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        <ComponentTypeName>Chapter</ComponentTypeName>
        <TitleDetail>
          <TitleType>01</TitleType>
          <TitleElement>
            <TitleElementLevel>01</TitleElementLevel>
            <TitleText language="eng">Qarkore komitetit ekzekutiv të prefekturës (seksionit t'Arsimit)</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Mbi lapidarët</Subtitle>
          </TitleElement>
        </TitleDetail>
        <Contributor>
          <SequenceNumber>1</SequenceNumber>
          <ContributorRole>A01</ContributorRole>
          <PersonName>Drejtorija e Kulturës, Minisstrija e Arsimit, Republika Popullore e Shqipërisë</PersonName>
          <KeyNames>Drejtorija e Kulturës</KeyNames>
        </Contributor>
        <Language>
          <LanguageRole>01</LanguageRole>
          <LanguageCode>alb</LanguageCode>
        </Language>
        <TextContent>
          <TextType>03</TextType>
          <ContentAudience>00</ContentAudience>
          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Lufta e jonë Nacional-Çlirimtare ka qënë me të vërtetë një luftë masash, sa s’ka mbetur katund, lagje dhe rrugë ku  të  mos  ketë  lënë  gjurmat  e  saj.1  Është  detyra  e  jonë  që  këtë  luftë  të  shënjtë  dhe  heroike  të  popullit  t’onë  t’a  përjetësojnë. Ne duhet të bëjmë që çdo udhtar, nga çdo vënd që të kalojë, të thotë: “Këtu është luftuar”.Të bëjmë që populli i jonë e sidomos brezat e ardh-shëm  të  kenë  gjithnjë  përparasysh  sakrificat  e  mbëdha  me të cilat u fitua lirija që gëzojmë?Ne  duhet  të  bëjmë  të  pavdekshme  në  radhë  të  parë  emrat e qindra e mija dëshmorëve t’onë. Pushteti i jonë do të interesohet direkt për këtë dhe duhet t’u japi gjithë ndihmën e tij inisjativës së popullit dhe të organizatave në këtë drejtim.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
        </TextContent>
        <TextContent>
          <TextType>30</TextType>
          <ContentAudience>00</ContentAudience>
          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Lufta e jonë Nacional-Çlirimtare ka qënë me të vërtetë një luftë masash, sa s’ka mbetur katund, lagje dhe rrugë ku  të  mos  ketë  lënë  gjurmat  e  saj.1  Është  detyra  e  jonë  që  këtë  luftë  të  shënjtë  dhe  heroike  të  popullit  t’onë  t’a  përjetësojnë. Ne duhet të bëjmë që çdo udhtar, nga çdo vënd që të kalojë, të thotë: “Këtu është luftuar”.Të bëjmë që populli i jonë e sidomos brezat e ardh-shëm  të  kenë  gjithnjë  përparasysh  sakrificat  e  mbëdha  me të cilat u fitua lirija që gëzojmë?Ne  duhet  të  bëjmë  të  pavdekshme  në  radhë  të  parë  emrat e qindra e mija dëshmorëve t’onë. Pushteti i jonë do të interesohet direkt për këtë dhe duhet t’u japi gjithë ndihmën e tij inisjativës së popullit dhe të organizatave në këtë drejtim.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
        </TextContent>
        <TextContent>
          <TextType>20</TextType>
          <ContentAudience>00</ContentAudience>
          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
        </TextContent>
        <CopyrightStatement>
          <CopyrightOwner>
            <PersonName>Republika Popullore e Shqipërisë, Minisstrija e Arsimit, Drejtorija e Kulturës </PersonName>
          </CopyrightOwner>
        </CopyrightStatement>
      </ContentItem>
      <ContentItem>
        <LevelSequenceNumber>6</LevelSequenceNumber>
        <TextItem>
          <TextItemType>03</TextItemType>
          <TextItemIdentifier>
            <TextItemIDType>06</TextItemIDType>
            <IDValue>10.21983/P3.0094.1.06</IDValue>
          </TextItemIdentifier>
        </TextItem>
        <PageRun>
          <FirstPageNumber>33</FirstPageNumber>
          <LastPageNumber>37</LastPageNumber>
        </PageRun>
        <NumberOfPages>5</NumberOfPages>
        <EpubLicense>
          <EpubLicenseName>Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported license (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0).</EpubLicenseName>
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        <ComponentTypeName>Chapter</ComponentTypeName>
        <TitleDetail>
          <TitleType>01</TitleType>
          <TitleElement>
            <TitleElementLevel>01</TitleElementLevel>
            <TitleText language="eng">Report on the State and Measures for the Development and Further Revolutionization of Monumental Propaganda</TitleText>
          </TitleElement>
        </TitleDetail>
        <Contributor>
          <SequenceNumber>1</SequenceNumber>
          <ContributorRole>A01</ContributorRole>
          <PersonName>Ramiz Alia</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Ramiz</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Alia</KeyNames>
        </Contributor>
        <Language>
          <LanguageRole>01</LanguageRole>
          <LanguageCode>eng</LanguageCode>
        </Language>
        <TextContent>
          <TextType>03</TextType>
          <ContentAudience>00</ContentAudience>
          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;With the continuous care of the party and government for  the  preservation  and  further  development  of  the  patriotic  and  revolutionary  traditions  of  our  people,  monumental  propaganda  acquires  with  us  increasingly  broader proportions for the immortalization of the most important  events  and  figures,  and  is  transforming  into  a powerful instrument for the reflection of the glorious history of our people and for the revolutionary and class education  of  the  masses.1  Nowadays,  beside  the  place-ment  of  hundreds  of  commemorative  plaques,  dozens  upon dozens of lapidars, busts, statues, and monuments have  been  erected  everywhere,  reminding  the  traveller  and visitor that the Albanian, as comrade Enver has said, has – sword in hand – cut the road of history in two, and that  Albania  has  turned  into  a  country  of  lapidars  and  construction sites.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
        </TextContent>
        <TextContent>
          <TextType>30</TextType>
          <ContentAudience>00</ContentAudience>
          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;With the continuous care of the party and government for  the  preservation  and  further  development  of  the  patriotic  and  revolutionary  traditions  of  our  people,  monumental  propaganda  acquires  with  us  increasingly  broader proportions for the immortalization of the most important  events  and  figures,  and  is  transforming  into  a powerful instrument for the reflection of the glorious history of our people and for the revolutionary and class education  of  the  masses.1  Nowadays,  beside  the  place-ment  of  hundreds  of  commemorative  plaques,  dozens  upon dozens of lapidars, busts, statues, and monuments have  been  erected  everywhere,  reminding  the  traveller  and visitor that the Albanian, as comrade Enver has said, has – sword in hand – cut the road of history in two, and that  Albania  has  turned  into  a  country  of  lapidars  and  construction sites.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
        </TextContent>
        <TextContent>
          <TextType>20</TextType>
          <ContentAudience>00</ContentAudience>
          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
        </TextContent>
        <CopyrightStatement>
          <CopyrightOwner>
            <PersonName>Alia, Ramiz </PersonName>
          </CopyrightOwner>
        </CopyrightStatement>
      </ContentItem>
      <ContentItem>
        <LevelSequenceNumber>7</LevelSequenceNumber>
        <TextItem>
          <TextItemType>03</TextItemType>
          <TextItemIdentifier>
            <TextItemIDType>06</TextItemIDType>
            <IDValue>10.21983/P3.0094.1.07</IDValue>
          </TextItemIdentifier>
        </TextItem>
        <PageRun>
          <FirstPageNumber>39</FirstPageNumber>
          <LastPageNumber>43</LastPageNumber>
        </PageRun>
        <NumberOfPages>5</NumberOfPages>
        <EpubLicense>
          <EpubLicenseName>Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported license (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0).</EpubLicenseName>
          <EpubLicenseExpression>
            <EpubLicenseExpressionType>02</EpubLicenseExpressionType>
            <EpubLicenseExpressionLink>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/</EpubLicenseExpressionLink>
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        <ComponentTypeName>Chapter</ComponentTypeName>
        <TitleDetail>
          <TitleType>01</TitleType>
          <TitleElement>
            <TitleElementLevel>01</TitleElementLevel>
            <TitleText language="eng">Relacion</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Mbi gjendjen dhe masat për zhvillimin dhe revolucionarizimin e mëtejshëm të propagandës monumentale</Subtitle>
          </TitleElement>
        </TitleDetail>
        <Contributor>
          <SequenceNumber>1</SequenceNumber>
          <ContributorRole>A01</ContributorRole>
          <PersonName>Ramiz Alia</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Ramiz</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Alia</KeyNames>
        </Contributor>
        <Language>
          <LanguageRole>01</LanguageRole>
          <LanguageCode>alb</LanguageCode>
        </Language>
        <TextContent>
          <TextType>03</TextType>
          <ContentAudience>00</ContentAudience>
          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Me kujdesin e vazhdueshëm të partisë dhe qeverisë për ruajtjen  dhe  zhvillimin  e  mëtejshëm  të  traditave  pa-triotike  e  revolucionare  të  popullit  tonë,  për  përjetësi-min  e  ngjarjeve  dhe  figurave  më  të  rëndësishme,  tek  ne,  gjithnjë  e  më  shumë,  propaganda  monumentale  po  merr përpjestime të gjëra dhe po shndrrohet në një mjet të  fuqishëm  për  pasqyrimin  e  historisë  së  lavdishme  të  popullit tonë dhe për edukimin revolucionar e klasor të masave.1  Tani  kudo,  krahas  vendosjes  të  qindra  pllaka-ve përkujtimore, janë ngritur dhjetra e dhjetra lapidarë, buste, statuje e monumente që i kujtojnë udhëtarit e vi-sitorit, se shqiptari, siç ka thënë shoku Enver, e ka qarë me shpatë në dorë rrugën e historisë, se Shqipëria është kthyer në një vend lapidarësh dhe kantieresh.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
        </TextContent>
        <TextContent>
          <TextType>30</TextType>
          <ContentAudience>00</ContentAudience>
          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Me kujdesin e vazhdueshëm të partisë dhe qeverisë për ruajtjen  dhe  zhvillimin  e  mëtejshëm  të  traditave  pa-triotike  e  revolucionare  të  popullit  tonë,  për  përjetësi-min  e  ngjarjeve  dhe  figurave  më  të  rëndësishme,  tek  ne,  gjithnjë  e  më  shumë,  propaganda  monumentale  po  merr përpjestime të gjëra dhe po shndrrohet në një mjet të  fuqishëm  për  pasqyrimin  e  historisë  së  lavdishme  të  popullit tonë dhe për edukimin revolucionar e klasor të masave.1  Tani  kudo,  krahas  vendosjes  të  qindra  pllaka-ve përkujtimore, janë ngritur dhjetra e dhjetra lapidarë, buste, statuje e monumente që i kujtojnë udhëtarit e vi-sitorit, se shqiptari, siç ka thënë shoku Enver, e ka qarë me shpatë në dorë rrugën e historisë, se Shqipëria është kthyer në një vend lapidarësh dhe kantieresh.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
        </TextContent>
        <TextContent>
          <TextType>20</TextType>
          <ContentAudience>00</ContentAudience>
          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
        </TextContent>
        <CopyrightStatement>
          <CopyrightOwner>
            <PersonName>Alia, Ramiz </PersonName>
          </CopyrightOwner>
        </CopyrightStatement>
      </ContentItem>
      <ContentItem>
        <LevelSequenceNumber>8</LevelSequenceNumber>
        <TextItem>
          <TextItemType>03</TextItemType>
          <TextItemIdentifier>
            <TextItemIDType>06</TextItemIDType>
            <IDValue>10.21983/P3.0094.1.08</IDValue>
          </TextItemIdentifier>
        </TextItem>
        <PageRun>
          <FirstPageNumber>45</FirstPageNumber>
          <LastPageNumber>47</LastPageNumber>
        </PageRun>
        <NumberOfPages>3</NumberOfPages>
        <EpubLicense>
          <EpubLicenseName>Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported license (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0).</EpubLicenseName>
          <EpubLicenseExpression>
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        <ComponentTypeName>Chapter</ComponentTypeName>
        <TitleDetail>
          <TitleType>01</TitleType>
          <TitleElement>
            <TitleElementLevel>01</TitleElementLevel>
            <TitleText language="eng">Dignified Symbols for Historical Events</TitleText>
          </TitleElement>
        </TitleDetail>
        <Contributor>
          <SequenceNumber>1</SequenceNumber>
          <ContributorRole>A01</ContributorRole>
          <PersonName>Kujtim Buza</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Kujtim</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Buza</KeyNames>
        </Contributor>
        <Contributor>
          <SequenceNumber>2</SequenceNumber>
          <ContributorRole>A01</ContributorRole>
          <PersonName>Kleanth Dedi</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Kleanth</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Dedi</KeyNames>
        </Contributor>
        <Language>
          <LanguageRole>01</LanguageRole>
          <LanguageCode>eng</LanguageCode>
        </Language>
        <TextContent>
          <TextType>03</TextType>
          <ContentAudience>00</ContentAudience>
          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;As  a  direct  result  of  the  great  care  of  the  party  and  the  government,  a  healthy  social  opinion  has  been  created  in  our  country  to  keep  alive  the  mass  and  individual  heroism  and  to  immortalize  the  different  events  of  lo-cal and national importance.1 There is a sensible growth in the number of memorials in our country. Nowadays, we  have  about  500  lapidars,  over  300  commemorative  plaques, 140 busts, and 27 monuments and memorials. The  study  of  the  number  of  those  symbols  also  brings out problems that show their appreciation by dif-ferent regions. We do not pretend that there is an equal-ity  in  number  between  regions.  There  are  differences  and there have to be. Those are related to the number of events or persons that one or the other region has to be commemorated.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
        </TextContent>
        <TextContent>
          <TextType>30</TextType>
          <ContentAudience>00</ContentAudience>
          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;As  a  direct  result  of  the  great  care  of  the  party  and  the  government,  a  healthy  social  opinion  has  been  created  in  our  country  to  keep  alive  the  mass  and  individual  heroism  and  to  immortalize  the  different  events  of  lo-cal and national importance.1 There is a sensible growth in the number of memorials in our country. Nowadays, we  have  about  500  lapidars,  over  300  commemorative  plaques, 140 busts, and 27 monuments and memorials. The  study  of  the  number  of  those  symbols  also  brings out problems that show their appreciation by dif-ferent regions. We do not pretend that there is an equal-ity  in  number  between  regions.  There  are  differences  and there have to be. Those are related to the number of events or persons that one or the other region has to be commemorated.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
        </TextContent>
        <TextContent>
          <TextType>20</TextType>
          <ContentAudience>00</ContentAudience>
          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
        </TextContent>
        <CopyrightStatement>
          <CopyrightOwner>
            <PersonName>Buza, Kujtim</PersonName>
          </CopyrightOwner>
        </CopyrightStatement>
        <CopyrightStatement>
          <CopyrightOwner>
            <PersonName>Dedi, Kleanth</PersonName>
          </CopyrightOwner>
        </CopyrightStatement>
      </ContentItem>
      <ContentItem>
        <LevelSequenceNumber>9</LevelSequenceNumber>
        <TextItem>
          <TextItemType>03</TextItemType>
          <TextItemIdentifier>
            <TextItemIDType>06</TextItemIDType>
            <IDValue>10.21983/P3.0094.1.09</IDValue>
          </TextItemIdentifier>
        </TextItem>
        <PageRun>
          <FirstPageNumber>49</FirstPageNumber>
          <LastPageNumber>51</LastPageNumber>
        </PageRun>
        <NumberOfPages>3</NumberOfPages>
        <EpubLicense>
          <EpubLicenseName>Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported license (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0).</EpubLicenseName>
          <EpubLicenseExpression>
            <EpubLicenseExpressionType>02</EpubLicenseExpressionType>
            <EpubLicenseExpressionLink>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/</EpubLicenseExpressionLink>
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        <ComponentTypeName>Chapter</ComponentTypeName>
        <TitleDetail>
          <TitleType>01</TitleType>
          <TitleElement>
            <TitleElementLevel>01</TitleElementLevel>
            <TitleText language="eng">Simbole dinjitoze ngjarjeve historike</TitleText>
          </TitleElement>
        </TitleDetail>
        <Contributor>
          <SequenceNumber>1</SequenceNumber>
          <ContributorRole>A01</ContributorRole>
          <PersonName>Kujtim Buza</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Kujtim</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Buza</KeyNames>
        </Contributor>
        <Contributor>
          <SequenceNumber>2</SequenceNumber>
          <ContributorRole>A01</ContributorRole>
          <PersonName>Kleanth Dedi</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Kleanth</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Dedi</KeyNames>
        </Contributor>
        <Language>
          <LanguageRole>01</LanguageRole>
          <LanguageCode>alb</LanguageCode>
        </Language>
        <TextContent>
          <TextType>03</TextType>
          <ContentAudience>00</ContentAudience>
          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Si  rezultat  i  drejtpërdrejtë  i  kujdesit  të  madh  të  partisë  dhe të pushtetit, në vendin tonë, për të mbajtur gjallë he-roizmin masiv dhe individual, për të përjetësuar ngjarjet e ndryshme me rëndësi lokale e kombëtare, është krijuar një opinion i shëndoshë shoqëror.1 Ka rritje të ndjeshme të numurit të përkujtimoreve në vendin tonë. Sot kemi rreth 500 lapidarë, mbi 300 pllaka përkujtimore, 140 bu-ste dhe 27 monumente e përmendore.Nëpërmjet studimit të numurit të këtyre simboleve, dalin edhe probleme që tregojnë vlerësimin që bëhet nga rrethet e ndryshme. Ne nuk pretendojmë të ketë barazi në  numur  midis  rretheve.  Ndryshime  ka  dhe  duhet  të  ketë. Ato janë të lidhura me numurin e ngjarjeve ose të personave që kan njeri ose tjetri rreth për t’u përkujtuar.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
        </TextContent>
        <TextContent>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Si  rezultat  i  drejtpërdrejtë  i  kujdesit  të  madh  të  partisë  dhe të pushtetit, në vendin tonë, për të mbajtur gjallë he-roizmin masiv dhe individual, për të përjetësuar ngjarjet e ndryshme me rëndësi lokale e kombëtare, është krijuar një opinion i shëndoshë shoqëror.1 Ka rritje të ndjeshme të numurit të përkujtimoreve në vendin tonë. Sot kemi rreth 500 lapidarë, mbi 300 pllaka përkujtimore, 140 bu-ste dhe 27 monumente e përmendore.Nëpërmjet studimit të numurit të këtyre simboleve, dalin edhe probleme që tregojnë vlerësimin që bëhet nga rrethet e ndryshme. Ne nuk pretendojmë të ketë barazi në  numur  midis  rretheve.  Ndryshime  ka  dhe  duhet  të  ketë. Ato janë të lidhura me numurin e ngjarjeve ose të personave që kan njeri ose tjetri rreth për t’u përkujtuar.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <PersonName>Buza, Kujtim</PersonName>
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            <PersonName>Dedi, Kleanth</PersonName>
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        <TitleDetail>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Natural and Cultural Monuments during the Years of Socialism</TitleText>
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          <ContributorRole>A01</ContributorRole>
          <PersonName>Muharrem Xhafa</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Muharrem</NamesBeforeKey>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;During  the  years  of  socialism,  the  popular  government  in Albania, even all ofAlbanian society, gave special im-portance to the issue and values of cultural monuments and  as  such  held  them  in  high  regard.  Certainly  this  is  not  something  accidental,  but  the  result  of  a  realistic  politics followed by the Labor Party of Albania in power, which  always  showed  itself  concerned  toward  the  sec-tor,  life,  and  problems  of  cultural  monuments,  and  ap-preciated  this  activity  with  value  and  great  importance  for society and Albanian history, in the broadest sense of the word. It did not limit the content, meaning, and role of monuments to the framework of cultural monuments alone.  So  for  the  party,  state,  institutions,  and  public  opinion   the   concept   “monument”   included   cultural   monuments,  but  also  an  old  artisanal  house,  a  bridge,  a  building,  or  something  else  with  artistic,  cultural  and  historical,  archeological,  or  architectural  value,  as  well  as  works,  documents,  evidence,  and  early  monuments  of the writing of the Albanian language, etc. Also a writ-ten work of outstanding historical, cultural, or scientific value for the past or present of country, was understood to  be  part  of  this.  The  Albanian  state  and  population  valued all riches inherited throughout the centuries and created during the years of the National Antifascist Lib-eration War and in the decades of the country’s building of  socialism  –  erected  monumental  works,  completed  monumental   studies,   created   monumental   composi-tions,  buildings,  bridges,  and  monumental  ensembles,  pictures,  sculptures,  monumental  tableaus,  monumen-tal  centers  in  cities,  inhabited  zones,  and  villages.  In  its  endeavors  to  create  grand,  monumental  works,  which  left  deep  impressions  with  their  large  dimensions  and  thoroughly  popular–national  content,  with  the  great-ness they expressed and incredible generalizing features, rising  up  high,  spreading  glory  to  the  heroism  of  the  people, its outstanding sons.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;During  the  years  of  socialism,  the  popular  government  in Albania, even all ofAlbanian society, gave special im-portance to the issue and values of cultural monuments and  as  such  held  them  in  high  regard.  Certainly  this  is  not  something  accidental,  but  the  result  of  a  realistic  politics followed by the Labor Party of Albania in power, which  always  showed  itself  concerned  toward  the  sec-tor,  life,  and  problems  of  cultural  monuments,  and  ap-preciated  this  activity  with  value  and  great  importance  for society and Albanian history, in the broadest sense of the word. It did not limit the content, meaning, and role of monuments to the framework of cultural monuments alone.  So  for  the  party,  state,  institutions,  and  public  opinion   the   concept   “monument”   included   cultural   monuments,  but  also  an  old  artisanal  house,  a  bridge,  a  building,  or  something  else  with  artistic,  cultural  and  historical,  archeological,  or  architectural  value,  as  well  as  works,  documents,  evidence,  and  early  monuments  of the writing of the Albanian language, etc. Also a writ-ten work of outstanding historical, cultural, or scientific value for the past or present of country, was understood to  be  part  of  this.  The  Albanian  state  and  population  valued all riches inherited throughout the centuries and created during the years of the National Antifascist Lib-eration War and in the decades of the country’s building of  socialism  –  erected  monumental  works,  completed  monumental   studies,   created   monumental   composi-tions,  buildings,  bridges,  and  monumental  ensembles,  pictures,  sculptures,  monumental  tableaus,  monumen-tal  centers  in  cities,  inhabited  zones,  and  villages.  In  its  endeavors  to  create  grand,  monumental  works,  which  left  deep  impressions  with  their  large  dimensions  and  thoroughly  popular–national  content,  with  the  great-ness they expressed and incredible generalizing features, rising  up  high,  spreading  glory  to  the  heroism  of  the  people, its outstanding sons.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Xhafa, Muharrem </PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Monumentet e natyrës dhe të kulturës në vitet e socializmit</TitleText>
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          <ContributorRole>A01</ContributorRole>
          <PersonName>Muharrem Xhafa</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Muharrem</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Xhafa</KeyNames>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Në  vitet  e  socializmit,  pushteti  popullor  në  Shqipëri,  madje  e  gjithë  shoqëria  shqiptare,  u  jepnin  rëndësi  të  posaçme  dhe  kishin,  po  kështu,  edhe  vlerësim  të  lartë  për  çeshtjen  e  vlerat  e  monumenteve  të  kulturës.  Sigu-risht,  kjo  nuk  ishte  diçka  e  rastit,  po  ishte  rrjedhojë  e  politikës realiste, që ndiqte Partia e Punës së Shqipërisë në pushtet, e cila gjithnjë tregohej e vëmendshme ndaj sektorit, jetës e problemeve të monumenteve të kulturës, e  vlerësonte  këtë  veprimtari  me  vlera  e  rëndësi  të  spi-katur  për  shoqërinë  e  historinë  shqiptare,  në  kuptimin  më  të  gjerë  të  fjalës.  Ajo  nuk  i  kufizonte  përmbajtjen,  kuptimin  e  rolin  e  monumenteve  thjesht  në  kuadrin  e  monumenteve  të  kulturës.  Partia,  shteti,  institucionet,  opinioni shoqëror, në konceptin monument perfshinin, monumente  të  kulturës,  po  edhe  një  ndërtesë  të  vjetër  arti, edhe një urë, një banesë a diçka tjetër me vlera ar-tistike, kulturore e historike, arkeologjike, arkitekturore, edhe veprat, dokumentet, deshmitë e para-monumente të shkrimit të gjuhës shqipe etj. Po kuptohej, gjithashtu, edhe një vepër e shkruar, me vlera të shquara historike, kulturore,  shkencore  për  të  shkuaren  e  vendit  e  për  të  tashmen e tij, për qenien e popullit shqiptar. Shteti e po-pulli shqiptar çmonin të gjitha pasuritë e trashëguara në shekuj  dhe  ato  të  krijuara  në  vitet  e  Luftës  Antifashiste  Nacionalçlirimtare dhe në dekadat e ndërtimit socialist të  vendit  –  veprat  monumentale  të  ngritura,  studimet  monumentale  të  kryera,  kompozimet  monumentale  të  bëra, ndërtesat, urat e ansamblet monumentale, pikturat, skulpturat, tablotë monumentale, qendrat monumenta-le  në  qytete,  zona  të  banuara  e  fshatra.  Në  përpjekjet  e  saj  për  të  krijuar  vepra  monumentale,  madhështore,  të  cilat linin mbresa të thella me përmasat e veta të mëdha e me përmbajtjen e tyre të thellë popullore–kombëtare, me madhështinë që shprehnin e trajtat përgjithësuese të papara, që ngrinin lart e i thurnin lavdi heroizmit të po-pullit, bijve të shquar të tij.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Në  vitet  e  socializmit,  pushteti  popullor  në  Shqipëri,  madje  e  gjithë  shoqëria  shqiptare,  u  jepnin  rëndësi  të  posaçme  dhe  kishin,  po  kështu,  edhe  vlerësim  të  lartë  për  çeshtjen  e  vlerat  e  monumenteve  të  kulturës.  Sigu-risht,  kjo  nuk  ishte  diçka  e  rastit,  po  ishte  rrjedhojë  e  politikës realiste, që ndiqte Partia e Punës së Shqipërisë në pushtet, e cila gjithnjë tregohej e vëmendshme ndaj sektorit, jetës e problemeve të monumenteve të kulturës, e  vlerësonte  këtë  veprimtari  me  vlera  e  rëndësi  të  spi-katur  për  shoqërinë  e  historinë  shqiptare,  në  kuptimin  më  të  gjerë  të  fjalës.  Ajo  nuk  i  kufizonte  përmbajtjen,  kuptimin  e  rolin  e  monumenteve  thjesht  në  kuadrin  e  monumenteve  të  kulturës.  Partia,  shteti,  institucionet,  opinioni shoqëror, në konceptin monument perfshinin, monumente  të  kulturës,  po  edhe  një  ndërtesë  të  vjetër  arti, edhe një urë, një banesë a diçka tjetër me vlera ar-tistike, kulturore e historike, arkeologjike, arkitekturore, edhe veprat, dokumentet, deshmitë e para-monumente të shkrimit të gjuhës shqipe etj. Po kuptohej, gjithashtu, edhe një vepër e shkruar, me vlera të shquara historike, kulturore,  shkencore  për  të  shkuaren  e  vendit  e  për  të  tashmen e tij, për qenien e popullit shqiptar. Shteti e po-pulli shqiptar çmonin të gjitha pasuritë e trashëguara në shekuj  dhe  ato  të  krijuara  në  vitet  e  Luftës  Antifashiste  Nacionalçlirimtare dhe në dekadat e ndërtimit socialist të  vendit  –  veprat  monumentale  të  ngritura,  studimet  monumentale  të  kryera,  kompozimet  monumentale  të  bëra, ndërtesat, urat e ansamblet monumentale, pikturat, skulpturat, tablotë monumentale, qendrat monumenta-le  në  qytete,  zona  të  banuara  e  fshatra.  Në  përpjekjet  e  saj  për  të  krijuar  vepra  monumentale,  madhështore,  të  cilat linin mbresa të thella me përmasat e veta të mëdha e me përmbajtjen e tyre të thellë popullore–kombëtare, me madhështinë që shprehnin e trajtat përgjithësuese të papara, që ngrinin lart e i thurnin lavdi heroizmit të po-pullit, bijve të shquar të tij.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Xhafa, Muharrem </PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">The Thanatology of Hope</TitleText>
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          <ContributorRole>A01</ContributorRole>
          <PersonName>Gëzim Qëndro</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Gëzim</NamesBeforeKey>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;When confronted with an oxymoron like the title “The Thanatology  of  Hope,”  the  reader  will  probably  think  that  it  suffers  from  a  referential  uncertainty:  the  words  seem to work separately, creating an ambiguous and un-convincing  fusion  of  the  two.  Furthermore,  in  our  cul-ture death and hope seem to exclude each other (hope dies  last!).  This  is  why  the  cemetery  is  perceived  as  a  place of sorrow and loss which annihilates any discourse of  hope,  a  topos  where  one  thinks  that  Death  was  the  end  of  the  hopes  of  the  unfortunate  inhabitants  of  the  necropolis.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;When confronted with an oxymoron like the title “The Thanatology  of  Hope,”  the  reader  will  probably  think  that  it  suffers  from  a  referential  uncertainty:  the  words  seem to work separately, creating an ambiguous and un-convincing  fusion  of  the  two.  Furthermore,  in  our  cul-ture death and hope seem to exclude each other (hope dies  last!).  This  is  why  the  cemetery  is  perceived  as  a  place of sorrow and loss which annihilates any discourse of  hope,  a  topos  where  one  thinks  that  Death  was  the  end  of  the  hopes  of  the  unfortunate  inhabitants  of  the  necropolis.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Qëndro, Gëzim</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Thanatologjia e shpresës</TitleText>
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          <ContributorRole>A01</ContributorRole>
          <PersonName>Gëzim Qëndro</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Gëzim</NamesBeforeKey>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Kur  përballet  me  një  togfjalësh  kundërthënës  si  titul-li  “Thanatologjia  e  shpresës”  lexuesi  ka  të  ngjarë  të  mendojë  se  ai  vuan  nga  njëfarë  paqartësie  ndaj  refe-rentit:  fjalët  duken  sikur  veprojnë  veçmas  duke  kri-juar  një  shkrirje  dykuptimëshe  aspak  bindëse.  Për  më  tepër,  në  kulturën  tonë  vdekja  dhe  shpresa  duket  sikur  përjashtojnë njëra-tjetrën (shpresa vdes e fundit!), pra-ndaj varreza perceptohet si vend pikëllimi dhe humbjeje ku asgjësohet çfarëdo diskuri rreth shpresës, një topos që na shtyn të mendojmë se Vdekja ishte fundi i shpresave për banorët fatkeqë të nekropolit.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Kur  përballet  me  një  togfjalësh  kundërthënës  si  titul-li  “Thanatologjia  e  shpresës”  lexuesi  ka  të  ngjarë  të  mendojë  se  ai  vuan  nga  njëfarë  paqartësie  ndaj  refe-rentit:  fjalët  duken  sikur  veprojnë  veçmas  duke  kri-juar  një  shkrirje  dykuptimëshe  aspak  bindëse.  Për  më  tepër,  në  kulturën  tonë  vdekja  dhe  shpresa  duket  sikur  përjashtojnë njëra-tjetrën (shpresa vdes e fundit!), pra-ndaj varreza perceptohet si vend pikëllimi dhe humbjeje ku asgjësohet çfarëdo diskuri rreth shpresës, një topos që na shtyn të mendojmë se Vdekja ishte fundi i shpresave për banorët fatkeqë të nekropolit.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Qëndro, Gëzim</PersonName>
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        <TitleDetail>
          <TitleType>01</TitleType>
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            <TitleText language="eng">"We Raise Our Eyes and Feel as if She Rules the Sky"</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">The Mother Albania Monument and the Visualization of National History</Subtitle>
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          <SequenceNumber>1</SequenceNumber>
          <ContributorRole>A01</ContributorRole>
          <PersonName>Raino Isto</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Raino</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Isto</KeyNames>
          <ProfessionalAffiliation>
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              <AffiliationIDType>40</AffiliationIDType>
              <IDValue>01r0c1p88</IDValue>
            </AffiliationIdentifier>
            <Affiliation>University of Maryland</Affiliation>
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          <LanguageCode>eng</LanguageCode>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;On  the  morning  of  May  5,  1972,  Enver  Hoxha  and  the  party  leadership,  together  with  hundreds  of  citizens  of  the People’s Socialist Republic of Albania, gathered on a hill overlooking Tirana from the southeast, in the Cem-etery  of  the  Martyrs  of  the  Nation.1  This  Martyrs’  Day  celebration  was  the  first  to  be  held  in  the  new  martyrs’  cemetery, a complex that – in a more modest manifesta-tion – had previously occupied the hill of St. Procopius in Tirana’s Great Park [als–8]. Those assembled stood on an open platform before the centerpiece of the new cemetery  complex,  the  imposing  figure  of  the  Mother Albania monument [als–12], which rose 22 meters over the crowds below (fig. 1).2 Reporting on the commemo-ration for the newspaper Zëri i Popullit, Agim Shehu de-scribed,  in  particular,  those  mothers  who  had  come  to  honor the dead who had given their lives in the struggle against fascist occupation and in support of the Popular Revolution&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;On  the  morning  of  May  5,  1972,  Enver  Hoxha  and  the  party  leadership,  together  with  hundreds  of  citizens  of  the People’s Socialist Republic of Albania, gathered on a hill overlooking Tirana from the southeast, in the Cem-etery  of  the  Martyrs  of  the  Nation.1  This  Martyrs’  Day  celebration  was  the  first  to  be  held  in  the  new  martyrs’  cemetery, a complex that – in a more modest manifesta-tion – had previously occupied the hill of St. Procopius in Tirana’s Great Park [als–8]. Those assembled stood on an open platform before the centerpiece of the new cemetery  complex,  the  imposing  figure  of  the  Mother Albania monument [als–12], which rose 22 meters over the crowds below (fig. 1).2 Reporting on the commemo-ration for the newspaper Zëri i Popullit, Agim Shehu de-scribed,  in  particular,  those  mothers  who  had  come  to  honor the dead who had given their lives in the struggle against fascist occupation and in support of the Popular Revolution&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <ContentAudience>00</ContentAudience>
          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
        </TextContent>
        <CopyrightStatement>
          <CopyrightOwner>
            <PersonName>Isto, Raino</PersonName>
          </CopyrightOwner>
        </CopyrightStatement>
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        <LevelSequenceNumber>15</LevelSequenceNumber>
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          <TextItemType>03</TextItemType>
          <TextItemIdentifier>
            <TextItemIDType>06</TextItemIDType>
            <IDValue>10.21983/P3.0094.1.15</IDValue>
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          <FirstPageNumber>81</FirstPageNumber>
          <LastPageNumber>88</LastPageNumber>
        </PageRun>
        <NumberOfPages>8</NumberOfPages>
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          <EpubLicenseName>Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported license (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0).</EpubLicenseName>
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        <TitleDetail>
          <TitleType>01</TitleType>
          <TitleElement>
            <TitleElementLevel>01</TitleElementLevel>
            <TitleText language="eng">"Ngremë sytë lart e ndjejmë, se ajo zotëron qiellin"</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Monumenti Nëna Shqipëri dhe vizualizimi i historisë kombëtar</Subtitle>
          </TitleElement>
        </TitleDetail>
        <Contributor>
          <SequenceNumber>1</SequenceNumber>
          <ContributorRole>A01</ContributorRole>
          <PersonName>Raino Isto</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Raino</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Isto</KeyNames>
          <ProfessionalAffiliation>
            <AffiliationIdentifier>
              <AffiliationIDType>40</AffiliationIDType>
              <IDValue>01r0c1p88</IDValue>
            </AffiliationIdentifier>
            <Affiliation>University of Maryland</Affiliation>
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          <LanguageCode>alb</LanguageCode>
        </Language>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Mëngjesin  e  5  majit  1972,  Enver  Hoxha  dhe  kryesia  e  partisë, së bashku me qindra qytetarë të Republikës Po-pullore  Socialiste  të  Shqipërisë,  u  mblodhën  në  majën  e  një  kodre  prej  nga  ku  mund  të  vëzhgohej  gjithë  Ti-rana  nga  juglindja,  tek  Varrezat  e  Dëshmorëve.1  Kjo  ishte  hera  e  parë  që  kremtimi  i  Ditës  së  Dëshmorëve  u  mbajt  tek  varrezat  e  reja  të  dëshmorëve,  një  kompleks  ky  versioni  më  modest  i  të  cilit  ndodhej  një  herë  e  një  kohë  në  kodrën  e  Shën  Prokopit  në  Parkun  e  Madh  të  Tiranës  [als–8].  Të  pranishmit  ishin  mbledhur  në  një  platformë  të  hapur  përballë  figurës  imponuese  të  mo-numentit Nëna Shqipëri [als–12], i cili ngrihej 22 metra mbi  turmën  (fig.  1).2  Agim  Shehu,  në  reportazhin  e  tij mbi ceremoninë përkujtimore në gazetën Zëri i Popullit,i  kushtoi  vëmendje  të  veçantë  nënave  që  kishin  ardhur  për të nderuar djemtë dhe vajzat që kishin rënë në luftën kundër  pushtimit  fashist  dhe  që  kishin  mbështetur  Re-volucionin Popullor&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Mëngjesin  e  5  majit  1972,  Enver  Hoxha  dhe  kryesia  e  partisë, së bashku me qindra qytetarë të Republikës Po-pullore  Socialiste  të  Shqipërisë,  u  mblodhën  në  majën  e  një  kodre  prej  nga  ku  mund  të  vëzhgohej  gjithë  Ti-rana  nga  juglindja,  tek  Varrezat  e  Dëshmorëve.1  Kjo  ishte  hera  e  parë  që  kremtimi  i  Ditës  së  Dëshmorëve  u  mbajt  tek  varrezat  e  reja  të  dëshmorëve,  një  kompleks  ky  versioni  më  modest  i  të  cilit  ndodhej  një  herë  e  një  kohë  në  kodrën  e  Shën  Prokopit  në  Parkun  e  Madh  të  Tiranës  [als–8].  Të  pranishmit  ishin  mbledhur  në  një  platformë  të  hapur  përballë  figurës  imponuese  të  mo-numentit Nëna Shqipëri [als–12], i cili ngrihej 22 metra mbi  turmën  (fig.  1).2  Agim  Shehu,  në  reportazhin  e  tij mbi ceremoninë përkujtimore në gazetën Zëri i Popullit,i  kushtoi  vëmendje  të  veçantë  nënave  që  kishin  ardhur  për të nderuar djemtë dhe vajzat që kishin rënë në luftën kundër  pushtimit  fashist  dhe  që  kishin  mbështetur  Re-volucionin Popullor&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <ContentAudience>00</ContentAudience>
          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
        </TextContent>
        <CopyrightStatement>
          <CopyrightOwner>
            <PersonName>Isto, Raino</PersonName>
          </CopyrightOwner>
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            <IDValue>10.21983/P3.0094.1.16</IDValue>
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          <LastPageNumber>96</LastPageNumber>
        </PageRun>
        <NumberOfPages>8</NumberOfPages>
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        <TitleDetail>
          <TitleType>01</TitleType>
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            <TitleElementLevel>01</TitleElementLevel>
            <TitleText language="eng">pilgrimage Centered at Text and Memory</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">The Lapidar in Qukës-Pishkash</Subtitle>
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        </TitleDetail>
        <Contributor>
          <SequenceNumber>1</SequenceNumber>
          <ContributorRole>A01</ContributorRole>
          <PersonName>Konstantinos Giakoumis</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Konstantinos</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Giakoumis</KeyNames>
          <ProfessionalAffiliation>
            <AffiliationIdentifier>
              <AffiliationIDType>40</AffiliationIDType>
              <IDValue>01d3tej48</IDValue>
            </AffiliationIdentifier>
            <Affiliation>University of New York Tirana</Affiliation>
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          <PersonName>Christopher Lockwood</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Christopher</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Lockwood</KeyNames>
          <ProfessionalAffiliation>
            <AffiliationIdentifier>
              <AffiliationIDType>40</AffiliationIDType>
              <IDValue>01d3tej48</IDValue>
            </AffiliationIdentifier>
            <Affiliation>University of New York Tirana</Affiliation>
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          <LanguageCode>eng</LanguageCode>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The  purpose  of  this  paper  is  to  contextualize  the  lapi-dar at Qukës–Pishkash, Librazhd, into the political and social  setting  of  its  period  and  beyond.  In  doing  so,  we  aim, first, at presenting the monument; second, at dem-onstrating that lapidars were not static monuments, but rather reference points for the socio-political life of the regional  and  capital  center;  last  but  not  least,  we  shall  endeavor  to  show  how  Albania’s  communist  regime,  in  its  understanding  of  the  importance  of  pilgrimage  in  religious  practices,  attempted  to  establish  a  political  religion  by  creating,  through  the  lapidar  at  Pishkash,  a  pilgrimage centered at text and memory to commemo-rate the 1943–4 winter march of the First Offensive Bri-gade in the mountainous zones of Çermenikë, Librazhd, Gramsh, and Korçë, in the course of Albania’s National Anti-Fascist Liberation War. To this aim, we have assem-bled factual and empirical evidence regarding the mon-uments and combined them with socio-anthropological evidence from the study of pilgrimage.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The  purpose  of  this  paper  is  to  contextualize  the  lapi-dar at Qukës–Pishkash, Librazhd, into the political and social  setting  of  its  period  and  beyond.  In  doing  so,  we  aim, first, at presenting the monument; second, at dem-onstrating that lapidars were not static monuments, but rather reference points for the socio-political life of the regional  and  capital  center;  last  but  not  least,  we  shall  endeavor  to  show  how  Albania’s  communist  regime,  in  its  understanding  of  the  importance  of  pilgrimage  in  religious  practices,  attempted  to  establish  a  political  religion  by  creating,  through  the  lapidar  at  Pishkash,  a  pilgrimage centered at text and memory to commemo-rate the 1943–4 winter march of the First Offensive Bri-gade in the mountainous zones of Çermenikë, Librazhd, Gramsh, and Korçë, in the course of Albania’s National Anti-Fascist Liberation War. To this aim, we have assem-bled factual and empirical evidence regarding the mon-uments and combined them with socio-anthropological evidence from the study of pilgrimage.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <ContentAudience>00</ContentAudience>
          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
        </TextContent>
        <CopyrightStatement>
          <CopyrightOwner>
            <PersonName>Giakoumis, Konstantinos</PersonName>
          </CopyrightOwner>
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        <CopyrightStatement>
          <CopyrightOwner>
            <PersonName>Lockwood, Christopher </PersonName>
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            <IDValue>10.21983/P3.0094.1.17</IDValue>
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          <FirstPageNumber>97</FirstPageNumber>
          <LastPageNumber>104</LastPageNumber>
        </PageRun>
        <NumberOfPages>8</NumberOfPages>
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        <TitleDetail>
          <TitleType>01</TitleType>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Pelegrinazhi i përqëndruar tek teksti dhe kujtesa</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Lapidari në Qukës-Pishkash</Subtitle>
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          <SequenceNumber>1</SequenceNumber>
          <ContributorRole>A01</ContributorRole>
          <PersonName>Konstantinos Giakoumis</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Konstantinos</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Giakoumis</KeyNames>
          <ProfessionalAffiliation>
            <AffiliationIdentifier>
              <AffiliationIDType>40</AffiliationIDType>
              <IDValue>01d3tej48</IDValue>
            </AffiliationIdentifier>
            <Affiliation>University of New York Tirana</Affiliation>
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        <Contributor>
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          <ContributorRole>A01</ContributorRole>
          <PersonName>Christopher Lockwood</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Christopher</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Lockwood</KeyNames>
          <ProfessionalAffiliation>
            <AffiliationIdentifier>
              <AffiliationIDType>40</AffiliationIDType>
              <IDValue>01d3tej48</IDValue>
            </AffiliationIdentifier>
            <Affiliation>University of New York Tirana</Affiliation>
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        </Contributor>
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          <LanguageCode>alb</LanguageCode>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Qëllimi ynë në këtë artikulli është të kontekstualizojmë lapidarin  në  Qukës–Pishkash,  Librazhd,  në  kuadrin  e  rrethanave  politike  e  sociale  të  kohës  kur  ai  u  krijua  si  dhe ato që vijuan.Nëpërmjet kësaj synojmë, pikë së pari, të  prezantojmë  monumentin;  së  dyti,  të  provojmë  se  lapidarët  nuk  ishin  monumente  statike  por  pika  referi-mi për jetën socio-politike në qendrat e rajoneve dhe të vendit; së treti, do të përpiqemi të tregojmë se si regjimi komunist  në  Shqipëri,  që  e  kuptonte  rëndësinë  e  pele-grinazhit në praktikat fetare, tentoi të themelonte një fe politike nëpërmjet lapidarit në Pishkash, një pelegrinazh që përqendrohej tek teksti dhe kujtesa për të përkujtuar marshimin  e  dimirit  të  1943–4  të  Brigadës  së  Parë  Sul-muese   në   zonën   malore   të   Çermenikës,   Librazhdit,   Gramshit  dhe  Korçës,  gjatë  Luftës  Antifashiste  Nacio-nalçlirimtare të vendit. Për këtë arsye, kemi mbledhur të dhëna  faktike  dhe  empirike  rreth  monumenteve  dhe  i  kemi kombinuar këto me të dhëna socio-antropologjike nga studimi i pelegrinazhit&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <TextContent>
          <TextType>30</TextType>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Qëllimi ynë në këtë artikulli është të kontekstualizojmë lapidarin  në  Qukës–Pishkash,  Librazhd,  në  kuadrin  e  rrethanave  politike  e  sociale  të  kohës  kur  ai  u  krijua  si  dhe ato që vijuan.Nëpërmjet kësaj synojmë, pikë së pari, të  prezantojmë  monumentin;  së  dyti,  të  provojmë  se  lapidarët  nuk  ishin  monumente  statike  por  pika  referi-mi për jetën socio-politike në qendrat e rajoneve dhe të vendit; së treti, do të përpiqemi të tregojmë se si regjimi komunist  në  Shqipëri,  që  e  kuptonte  rëndësinë  e  pele-grinazhit në praktikat fetare, tentoi të themelonte një fe politike nëpërmjet lapidarit në Pishkash, një pelegrinazh që përqendrohej tek teksti dhe kujtesa për të përkujtuar marshimin  e  dimirit  të  1943–4  të  Brigadës  së  Parë  Sul-muese   në   zonën   malore   të   Çermenikës,   Librazhdit,   Gramshit  dhe  Korçës,  gjatë  Luftës  Antifashiste  Nacio-nalçlirimtare të vendit. Për këtë arsye, kemi mbledhur të dhëna  faktike  dhe  empirike  rreth  monumenteve  dhe  i  kemi kombinuar këto me të dhëna socio-antropologjike nga studimi i pelegrinazhit&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <ContentAudience>00</ContentAudience>
          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
        </TextContent>
        <CopyrightStatement>
          <CopyrightOwner>
            <PersonName>Giakoumis, Konstantinos</PersonName>
          </CopyrightOwner>
        </CopyrightStatement>
        <CopyrightStatement>
          <CopyrightOwner>
            <PersonName>Lockwood, Christopher </PersonName>
          </CopyrightOwner>
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            <IDValue>10.21983/P3.0094.1.18</IDValue>
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          <LastPageNumber>114</LastPageNumber>
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        <TitleDetail>
          <TitleType>01</TitleType>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Lapidars and Socialist Monuments as Elements of Albania's Historic Cultural Landscapes</TitleText>
          </TitleElement>
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        <Contributor>
          <SequenceNumber>1</SequenceNumber>
          <ContributorRole>A01</ContributorRole>
          <PersonName>Matthias Bickert</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Matthias</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Bickert</KeyNames>
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            <AffiliationIdentifier>
              <AffiliationIDType>40</AffiliationIDType>
              <IDValue>01c1w6d29</IDValue>
            </AffiliationIdentifier>
            <Affiliation>University of Bamberg</Affiliation>
          </ProfessionalAffiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Once,  while  buying  olives  at  Tirana’s  Pazar  i  Ri  (New  Market), I discerned an abstract shape behind the sellers (als–2). “What is this?” a friend who was visiting from Germany  asked  me.  After  I  tried  to  explain  him  briefly  what  a  “lapidar”  is,  my  friend  wanted  to  take  a  picture  of it. The surrounding sellers’ faces clearly expressed in-comprehension about why a foreigner would care about this concrete structure, against which they used to stack up  their  cardboard  boxes  and  fruit  trays.  A  little  later,  on  the  way  to  Krujë,  we  again  encountered  several  of  those  strange  sculptures  and  obelisks  of  different  sizes,  shapes,  and  forms,  dominating  the  Albanian  landscape  that  passed  by  our  bus  window.  Some  of  them  were  in  bad shape (e.g., als–596) another one had been recently transformed into a stele covered with smiling, ghost-like faces (als–594). “Why are they in such different condi-tions if they are all from the communist period?” was my friend’s legitimate question.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Once,  while  buying  olives  at  Tirana’s  Pazar  i  Ri  (New  Market), I discerned an abstract shape behind the sellers (als–2). “What is this?” a friend who was visiting from Germany  asked  me.  After  I  tried  to  explain  him  briefly  what  a  “lapidar”  is,  my  friend  wanted  to  take  a  picture  of it. The surrounding sellers’ faces clearly expressed in-comprehension about why a foreigner would care about this concrete structure, against which they used to stack up  their  cardboard  boxes  and  fruit  trays.  A  little  later,  on  the  way  to  Krujë,  we  again  encountered  several  of  those  strange  sculptures  and  obelisks  of  different  sizes,  shapes,  and  forms,  dominating  the  Albanian  landscape  that  passed  by  our  bus  window.  Some  of  them  were  in  bad shape (e.g., als–596) another one had been recently transformed into a stele covered with smiling, ghost-like faces (als–594). “Why are they in such different condi-tions if they are all from the communist period?” was my friend’s legitimate question.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Lapidarët dhe monumentet socialiste si elemente të peizazheve kulturore historike të Shqipërisë</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Matthias Bickert</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>University of Bamberg</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Një ditë, teksa blija ullinj tek Pazari i Ri, më kapën sytë një formë abstrakte pas tezgave (als–2). “Çfarë është?”, më pyeti një mik që kishte ardhur nga Gjermania. Pasi u përpoqa  t’i  shpjegoj  se  çfarë  është  një  lapidar,  ai  donte  t’i  bënte  një  fotografi.  Habia  e  shitësve,  që  nuk  arrinin  ta kuptonin se pse një të huaji mund t’i interesonte një strukturë  betoni  ku  ata  mbështesnin  tezgat  e  frutave  dhe kutitë e kartonit, ishte mjaft e lexueshme. Më vonë, gjatë  rrugës  për  në  Krujë,  u  ndeshëm  me  prototipe  të  tjera të këtyre skulpturave të çuditshme dhe obeliskëve të  përmasave,  formave  dhe  ngjyrave  të  ndryshme,  që  dominonin  peizazhin  shqiptar  që  na  kalonte  para  syve  nga  dritarja  e  autobusit.  Disa  prej  tyre  ishin  në  gjendje  të mjerueshme (p.sh. als–596), një tjetër e kishin tran-sformuar në një stelë të mbuluar me fytyra që buzëqesh-nin  si  fantazma.  “Pse  janë  në  gjendje  kaq  të  ndryshme  nga njëri tjetri nëse të gjithë i përkasin periudhës komu-niste?” qe pyetja legjitime e mikut tim.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Një ditë, teksa blija ullinj tek Pazari i Ri, më kapën sytë një formë abstrakte pas tezgave (als–2). “Çfarë është?”, më pyeti një mik që kishte ardhur nga Gjermania. Pasi u përpoqa  t’i  shpjegoj  se  çfarë  është  një  lapidar,  ai  donte  t’i  bënte  një  fotografi.  Habia  e  shitësve,  që  nuk  arrinin  ta kuptonin se pse një të huaji mund t’i interesonte një strukturë  betoni  ku  ata  mbështesnin  tezgat  e  frutave  dhe kutitë e kartonit, ishte mjaft e lexueshme. Më vonë, gjatë  rrugës  për  në  Krujë,  u  ndeshëm  me  prototipe  të  tjera të këtyre skulpturave të çuditshme dhe obeliskëve të  përmasave,  formave  dhe  ngjyrave  të  ndryshme,  që  dominonin  peizazhin  shqiptar  që  na  kalonte  para  syve  nga  dritarja  e  autobusit.  Disa  prej  tyre  ishin  në  gjendje  të mjerueshme (p.sh. als–596), një tjetër e kishin tran-sformuar në një stelë të mbuluar me fytyra që buzëqesh-nin  si  fantazma.  “Pse  janë  në  gjendje  kaq  të  ndryshme  nga njëri tjetri nëse të gjithë i përkasin periudhës komu-niste?” qe pyetja legjitime e mikut tim.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Bickert, Matthias</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">About the Film Lapidari</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Julian Bejko</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>University of Tirana</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The  sounds  of  war  and  partisan  songs  accompany  the  first shots of the film Lapidari.1 Perched on a hill top, the cameraman shows the entire green valley, partially filled with  the  smoke  clouds  of  the  battles.  So  we  are  some-where in the years ’43–’44 of the previous century, when all  of  humanity  and  Albania  were  involved  in  the  hor-rible events of the Second World War. On the one side the partisans, and on the other the Nazi occupiers, in a bloody  battle  for  freedom  or  death  on  the  land  of  the  Albanian people, completely exhausted by the centuries of occupations and occupiers.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The  sounds  of  war  and  partisan  songs  accompany  the  first shots of the film Lapidari.1 Perched on a hill top, the cameraman shows the entire green valley, partially filled with  the  smoke  clouds  of  the  battles.  So  we  are  some-where in the years ’43–’44 of the previous century, when all  of  humanity  and  Albania  were  involved  in  the  hor-rible events of the Second World War. On the one side the partisans, and on the other the Nazi occupiers, in a bloody  battle  for  freedom  or  death  on  the  land  of  the  Albanian people, completely exhausted by the centuries of occupations and occupiers.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Bejko, Julian </PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Rreth filmit Lapidari</TitleText>
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          <ContributorRole>A01</ContributorRole>
          <PersonName>Julian Bejko</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Julian</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Bejko</KeyNames>
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            <Affiliation>University of Tirana</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Tinguj lufte dhe këngë partizanësh shoqërojnë imazhet e para të filmit Lapidari.1 Operatori i vendosur majë një kodre fokuson gjithë luginën e gjelbër pjesërisht e mbu-luar nga tymnaja e luftimeve. Jemi pra diku rreth viteve ’43–’44  të  shekullit  të  kaluar  kur  mbarë  njerëzimi  dhe  Shqipëria  ishte  e  përfshirë  nga  ngjarjet  e  tmerrshme  të  Luftës  së  Dytë  Botërore.  Në  njërën  anë  partizanët,  në  tjetrën  pushtuesit  nazistë,  në  një  betejë  të  përgjak-shme  për  liri  a  vdekje  në  truallin  e  popullit  shqiptar,  tejet  i  drobitur  nga  vazhdueshmëria  e  pushtimeve  dhe  pushtuesve ndër shekuj.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Tinguj lufte dhe këngë partizanësh shoqërojnë imazhet e para të filmit Lapidari.1 Operatori i vendosur majë një kodre fokuson gjithë luginën e gjelbër pjesërisht e mbu-luar nga tymnaja e luftimeve. Jemi pra diku rreth viteve ’43–’44  të  shekullit  të  kaluar  kur  mbarë  njerëzimi  dhe  Shqipëria  ishte  e  përfshirë  nga  ngjarjet  e  tmerrshme  të  Luftës  së  Dytë  Botërore.  Në  njërën  anë  partizanët,  në  tjetrën  pushtuesit  nazistë,  në  një  betejë  të  përgjak-shme  për  liri  a  vdekje  në  truallin  e  popullit  shqiptar,  tejet  i  drobitur  nga  vazhdueshmëria  e  pushtimeve  dhe  pushtuesve ndër shekuj.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Bejko, Julian </PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Texts Chiseled on the Calendar</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">A Semiotic Reading of Inscriptions on the Commemorative Monuments of the Period of the National Liberation War</Subtitle>
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          <ContributorRole>A01</ContributorRole>
          <PersonName>Ardian Vehbiu</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Ardian</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Vehbiu</KeyNames>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The  inscriptions  on  commemorative  plaques  and  lapi-dars differ according to what is commemorated: a heroic act,  a  battle,  or  another  important  event,  the  martyrs  of  village  or  a  zone,  or  the  National  Liberation  War  in  general.  However,  from  one  inscription  to  another,  we  may determine several patterns that have to do with the structure of the text.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The  inscriptions  on  commemorative  plaques  and  lapi-dars differ according to what is commemorated: a heroic act,  a  battle,  or  another  important  event,  the  martyrs  of  village  or  a  zone,  or  the  National  Liberation  War  in  general.  However,  from  one  inscription  to  another,  we  may determine several patterns that have to do with the structure of the text.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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          <CopyrightOwner>
            <PersonName>Vehbiu, Ardian</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Tekste të gdhendura në kalendar</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Një lexim semiotik i mbishkrimeve në monumentet përkujtimore të periudhës së Luftës së Luftës Nacional –Çlirimtare</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Ardian Vehbiu</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Ardian</NamesBeforeKey>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Mbishkrimet   në   pllakat   përkujtimore   dhe   lapidarët   ndryshojnë  sipas  një  tipologjie  që  ka  të  bëjë  me  çfarë  përkujtohet: një akt heroik, një betejë ose ngjarje tjetër me rëndësi, dëshmorët e një fshati ose një zone apo Luf-ta  Nacional–Çlirimtare  në  përgjithësi.  Megjithatë,  nga  një mbishkrim në tjetrin, mund të përcaktohen disa rre-gullsi, që kanë të bëjnë me strukturën e tekstit.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Mbishkrimet   në   pllakat   përkujtimore   dhe   lapidarët   ndryshojnë  sipas  një  tipologjie  që  ka  të  bëjë  me  çfarë  përkujtohet: një akt heroik, një betejë ose ngjarje tjetër me rëndësi, dëshmorët e një fshati ose një zone apo Luf-ta  Nacional–Çlirimtare  në  përgjithësi.  Megjithatë,  nga  një mbishkrim në tjetrin, mund të përcaktohen disa rre-gullsi, që kanë të bëjnë me strukturën e tekstit.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Vehbiu, Ardian</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Backmatter</TitleText>
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          <NameIdentifier>
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          <PersonName>Vincent W.J. van Gerven Oei</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Vincent W.J.</NamesBeforeKey>
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            <WebsiteDescription>Own website</WebsiteDescription>
            <WebsiteLink>http://www.vangervenoei.com/</WebsiteLink>
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            <PersonName>van Gerven Oei, Vincent W.J. </PersonName>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In June and July 2014, philologist Vincent W.J. van Gerven Oei and photographer Marco Mazzi undertook the Albanian Lapidar Survey, a project to map, document, and photograph the large majority of Albanian lapidars, a particular type of monument, mainly produced in the period that the communist Labor Party of Albania ruled the country (1945–1990) to commemorate the partisan victims, battles, and military units from the National Anti-Fascist Liberation War (which coincided with World War II), as well as historical figures from before the liberation and the accomplishments of socialism in Albania afterward.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;These lapidars, which can still be found, albeit in ever decreasing numbers, all over the country — in cities and villages, alongside roads, in forests and on mountain passes — are witness to an enormous expenditure of labor and resources to turn the landscape into a site of what was called “monumental propaganda.” The Albanian Lapidar Survey aimed to capture these monuments as fact.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The results of this project are collected into a three-volume, dual-language (English and Albanian) catalogue, under the title Lapidari. The first volume comprises a series of critical reflections on Albanian monumentality of the period 1945–1990 from a variety of perspectives, as well as historical documents and a full indexation of all inscriptions found on the documented monuments. Volume 2 and Volume 3 feature the photographic documentation of all 649 recorded monumental sites by photographer Marco Mazzi.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In June and July 2014, philologist Vincent W.J. van Gerven Oei and photographer Marco Mazzi undertook the Albanian Lapidar Survey, a project to map, document, and photograph the large majority of Albanian lapidars, a particular type of monument, mainly produced in the period that the communist Labor Party of Albania ruled the country (1945–1990) to commemorate the partisan victims, battles, and military units from the National Anti-Fascist Liberation War (which coincided with World War II), as well as historical figures from before the liberation and the accomplishments of socialism in Albania afterward.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;These lapidars, which can still be found, albeit in ever decreasing numbers, all over the country — in cities and villages, alongside roads, in forests and on mountain passes — are witness to an enormous expenditure of labor and resources to turn the landscape into a site of what was called “monumental propaganda.” The Albanian Lapidar Survey aimed to capture these monuments as fact.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The results of this project are collected into a three-volume, dual-language (English and Albanian) catalogue, under the title Lapidari. The first volume comprises a series of critical reflections on Albanian monumentality of the period 1945–1990 from a variety of perspectives, as well as historical documents and a full indexation of all inscriptions found on the documented monuments. Volume 2 and Volume 3 feature the photographic documentation of all 649 recorded monumental sites by photographer Marco Mazzi.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;To  a  large  extent,  the  period  between  1945–1990  in  Al-banian  history,  and  the  type  of  monumentality  created  during  this  period,  is  still  unreadable  to  us  today.  This  unreadability  is  partially  the  result  of  a  politicization  of  the  monumental  heritage  from  this  period,  if  not  its  entire  historiography,  as  evidenced  by  the  many  con-flicting   descriptive   adjectives   launched   like   missiles   into   the   past:   “socialist,”   “communist,”   “dictatorial,”   “scientific-stalinist,” “terrorist,” “totalitarian,” and so on. This situation, however, has led to a climate of insistent negligence,  if  not  outright  condemnation  and  destruc-tion, as well as various gaps in the scholarly tradition at-tending to the various sorts of monumentality in the Al-banian cultural landscape. The most recent overview of Albanian monumentality was published in 1973, entitled Përmendore të heroizmit shqiptar (Memorials of Albanian Heroism).1  This  album  was  published  as  a  part  of  the  campaign  of  what  then  Secretary  of  the  Central  Com-mitte  of  the  Albanian  Labor  Party  Ramiz  Alia  called  “monumental  propaganda,”  being  an  integral  element  of the Cultural and Ideological Revolution. As a project, the  Albanian  Lapidar  Survey  (als),  conducted  by  the  Department of Eagles in 2014, aimed to give a first, and general, overview of Albanian monumentality from the period 1945–1990.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Në  historinë  e  Shqipërisë,  periudha  midis  viteve  1945–1990 dhe llojet e monumentalizmit që u prodhuan, janë më së shumti të palexueshme për ne sot. Shkak për këtë palexueshmëri,  të  paktën  pjesërisht,  është  politizimi  i  trashëgimisë monumentale, në mos i gjithë historiogra-fisë  së  kësaj  periudhe,  siç  evidentohet  ndër  të  tjera  nga  cilësimet e tipit: “socialiste”, “komuniste”, “diktatoriale”, “shkencore-staliniste”,  “terroriste”,  “totalitare”  e  kështu  me  rradhë,  që  lëshohen  si  predha  mbi  të  kaluarën.  Për  pasojë,  është  krijuar  një  klimë  mospërfilljeje  kronike,  në  mos  ndëshkimi  e  shkatërrimi  të  mirëfilltë,  dhe  janë  hapur  boshllëqe  të  ndryshme  në  traditën  shkollare  që  merret  me  format  e  ndryshme  të  monumentalizmit  në  peizazhin  kulturor  shqiptar.  Botimi  i  fundit  kushtuar  monumentalizmit  shqiptar  në  tërësi,  i  titulluar  Përmen-dore  të  heroizmit  shqiptar,  daton  në  1973.1  Ky  album  qe  pjesë  e  fushatës  që  Sekretari  i  atëhershëm  i  Komitetit  Qendror  të  Partisë  së  Punës  së  Shqipërisë,  Ramiz  Alia,  quajti “propaganda monumentale”, që konsiderohej një pjesë e rëndësishme e Revolucionit Ideologjik e Kultu-ror.  Projekti  “Hulumtim  mbi  Lapidarët  e  Shqipërisë”  (“Albanian Lapidar Survey”, shkurt als) i Departamen-tit  të  Shqiponjave  zhvilluar  në  2014,  ka  për  qëllim  të  ofrojë një pasqyrë fillestare e të përgjithshme të monu-mentalizmit shqiptar të periudhës 1945–1990.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Në  historinë  e  Shqipërisë,  periudha  midis  viteve  1945–1990 dhe llojet e monumentalizmit që u prodhuan, janë më së shumti të palexueshme për ne sot. Shkak për këtë palexueshmëri,  të  paktën  pjesërisht,  është  politizimi  i  trashëgimisë monumentale, në mos i gjithë historiogra-fisë  së  kësaj  periudhe,  siç  evidentohet  ndër  të  tjera  nga  cilësimet e tipit: “socialiste”, “komuniste”, “diktatoriale”, “shkencore-staliniste”,  “terroriste”,  “totalitare”  e  kështu  me  rradhë,  që  lëshohen  si  predha  mbi  të  kaluarën.  Për  pasojë,  është  krijuar  një  klimë  mospërfilljeje  kronike,  në  mos  ndëshkimi  e  shkatërrimi  të  mirëfilltë,  dhe  janë  hapur  boshllëqe  të  ndryshme  në  traditën  shkollare  që  merret  me  format  e  ndryshme  të  monumentalizmit  në  peizazhin  kulturor  shqiptar.  Botimi  i  fundit  kushtuar  monumentalizmit  shqiptar  në  tërësi,  i  titulluar  Përmen-dore  të  heroizmit  shqiptar,  daton  në  1973.1  Ky  album  qe  pjesë  e  fushatës  që  Sekretari  i  atëhershëm  i  Komitetit  Qendror  të  Partisë  së  Punës  së  Shqipërisë,  Ramiz  Alia,  quajti “propaganda monumentale”, që konsiderohej një pjesë e rëndësishme e Revolucionit Ideologjik e Kultu-ror.  Projekti  “Hulumtim  mbi  Lapidarët  e  Shqipërisë”  (“Albanian Lapidar Survey”, shkurt als) i Departamen-tit  të  Shqiponjave  zhvilluar  në  2014,  ka  për  qëllim  të  ofrojë një pasqyrë fillestare e të përgjithshme të monu-mentalizmit shqiptar të periudhës 1945–1990.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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          <CopyrightOwner>
            <PersonName>van Gerven Oei, Vincent W.J. </PersonName>
          </CopyrightOwner>
        </CopyrightStatement>
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          <TextItemIdentifier>
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            <IDValue>10.21983/P3.0094.1.04</IDValue>
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          <LastPageNumber>29</LastPageNumber>
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        <NumberOfPages>1</NumberOfPages>
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        <TitleDetail>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Circular to the Prefectural Executive Committee (Section Education)</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Regarding Lapidars</Subtitle>
          </TitleElement>
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          <SequenceNumber>1</SequenceNumber>
          <ContributorRole>A01</ContributorRole>
          <PersonName>Directorate of Culture, Ministry of Education, People's Republic of Albania</PersonName>
          <KeyNames>Directorate of Culture</KeyNames>
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          <LanguageCode>eng</LanguageCode>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Our National Liberation War has truly been a war of the  masses, such that there is no village, neighborhood, and road left where it did not leave its traces.1 It is our duty that  they  immortalize  this  holy  and  heroic  war  of  our  people.  We  have  to  realize  that  each  traveller,  wherever  he may pass, may say: “Here has been fought.”How to make sure that our people and especially the future generations may forever consider the large sacri-fices with which the freedom that we enjoy was won?In  the  first  place  we  have  to  immortalize  the  hun-dreds and thousands of names of our martyrs. Our gov-ernment will directly take care of this and has to give all its assistance to the initiative of the people and organiza-tions in this direction.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
        </TextContent>
        <TextContent>
          <TextType>30</TextType>
          <ContentAudience>00</ContentAudience>
          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Our National Liberation War has truly been a war of the  masses, such that there is no village, neighborhood, and road left where it did not leave its traces.1 It is our duty that  they  immortalize  this  holy  and  heroic  war  of  our  people.  We  have  to  realize  that  each  traveller,  wherever  he may pass, may say: “Here has been fought.”How to make sure that our people and especially the future generations may forever consider the large sacri-fices with which the freedom that we enjoy was won?In  the  first  place  we  have  to  immortalize  the  hun-dreds and thousands of names of our martyrs. Our gov-ernment will directly take care of this and has to give all its assistance to the initiative of the people and organiza-tions in this direction.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
        </TextContent>
        <TextContent>
          <TextType>20</TextType>
          <ContentAudience>00</ContentAudience>
          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
        </TextContent>
        <CopyrightStatement>
          <CopyrightOwner>
            <PersonName>People's Republic of Albania, Ministry of Education, Directorate of Culture </PersonName>
          </CopyrightOwner>
        </CopyrightStatement>
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        <LevelSequenceNumber>5</LevelSequenceNumber>
        <TextItem>
          <TextItemType>03</TextItemType>
          <TextItemIdentifier>
            <TextItemIDType>06</TextItemIDType>
            <IDValue>10.21983/P3.0094.1.05</IDValue>
          </TextItemIdentifier>
        </TextItem>
        <PageRun>
          <FirstPageNumber>31</FirstPageNumber>
          <LastPageNumber>31</LastPageNumber>
        </PageRun>
        <NumberOfPages>1</NumberOfPages>
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          <EpubLicenseName>Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported license (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0).</EpubLicenseName>
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        <TitleDetail>
          <TitleType>01</TitleType>
          <TitleElement>
            <TitleElementLevel>01</TitleElementLevel>
            <TitleText language="eng">Qarkore komitetit ekzekutiv të prefekturës (seksionit t'Arsimit)</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Mbi lapidarët</Subtitle>
          </TitleElement>
        </TitleDetail>
        <Contributor>
          <SequenceNumber>1</SequenceNumber>
          <ContributorRole>A01</ContributorRole>
          <PersonName>Drejtorija e Kulturës, Minisstrija e Arsimit, Republika Popullore e Shqipërisë</PersonName>
          <KeyNames>Drejtorija e Kulturës</KeyNames>
        </Contributor>
        <Language>
          <LanguageRole>01</LanguageRole>
          <LanguageCode>alb</LanguageCode>
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          <ContentAudience>00</ContentAudience>
          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Lufta e jonë Nacional-Çlirimtare ka qënë me të vërtetë një luftë masash, sa s’ka mbetur katund, lagje dhe rrugë ku  të  mos  ketë  lënë  gjurmat  e  saj.1  Është  detyra  e  jonë  që  këtë  luftë  të  shënjtë  dhe  heroike  të  popullit  t’onë  t’a  përjetësojnë. Ne duhet të bëjmë që çdo udhtar, nga çdo vënd që të kalojë, të thotë: “Këtu është luftuar”.Të bëjmë që populli i jonë e sidomos brezat e ardh-shëm  të  kenë  gjithnjë  përparasysh  sakrificat  e  mbëdha  me të cilat u fitua lirija që gëzojmë?Ne  duhet  të  bëjmë  të  pavdekshme  në  radhë  të  parë  emrat e qindra e mija dëshmorëve t’onë. Pushteti i jonë do të interesohet direkt për këtë dhe duhet t’u japi gjithë ndihmën e tij inisjativës së popullit dhe të organizatave në këtë drejtim.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
        </TextContent>
        <TextContent>
          <TextType>30</TextType>
          <ContentAudience>00</ContentAudience>
          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Lufta e jonë Nacional-Çlirimtare ka qënë me të vërtetë një luftë masash, sa s’ka mbetur katund, lagje dhe rrugë ku  të  mos  ketë  lënë  gjurmat  e  saj.1  Është  detyra  e  jonë  që  këtë  luftë  të  shënjtë  dhe  heroike  të  popullit  t’onë  t’a  përjetësojnë. Ne duhet të bëjmë që çdo udhtar, nga çdo vënd që të kalojë, të thotë: “Këtu është luftuar”.Të bëjmë që populli i jonë e sidomos brezat e ardh-shëm  të  kenë  gjithnjë  përparasysh  sakrificat  e  mbëdha  me të cilat u fitua lirija që gëzojmë?Ne  duhet  të  bëjmë  të  pavdekshme  në  radhë  të  parë  emrat e qindra e mija dëshmorëve t’onë. Pushteti i jonë do të interesohet direkt për këtë dhe duhet t’u japi gjithë ndihmën e tij inisjativës së popullit dhe të organizatave në këtë drejtim.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <TextContent>
          <TextType>20</TextType>
          <ContentAudience>00</ContentAudience>
          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
        </TextContent>
        <CopyrightStatement>
          <CopyrightOwner>
            <PersonName>Republika Popullore e Shqipërisë, Minisstrija e Arsimit, Drejtorija e Kulturës </PersonName>
          </CopyrightOwner>
        </CopyrightStatement>
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        <TextItem>
          <TextItemType>03</TextItemType>
          <TextItemIdentifier>
            <TextItemIDType>06</TextItemIDType>
            <IDValue>10.21983/P3.0094.1.06</IDValue>
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        <PageRun>
          <FirstPageNumber>33</FirstPageNumber>
          <LastPageNumber>37</LastPageNumber>
        </PageRun>
        <NumberOfPages>5</NumberOfPages>
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          <EpubLicenseName>Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported license (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0).</EpubLicenseName>
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        <TitleDetail>
          <TitleType>01</TitleType>
          <TitleElement>
            <TitleElementLevel>01</TitleElementLevel>
            <TitleText language="eng">Report on the State and Measures for the Development and Further Revolutionization of Monumental Propaganda</TitleText>
          </TitleElement>
        </TitleDetail>
        <Contributor>
          <SequenceNumber>1</SequenceNumber>
          <ContributorRole>A01</ContributorRole>
          <PersonName>Ramiz Alia</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Ramiz</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Alia</KeyNames>
        </Contributor>
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          <LanguageCode>eng</LanguageCode>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;With the continuous care of the party and government for  the  preservation  and  further  development  of  the  patriotic  and  revolutionary  traditions  of  our  people,  monumental  propaganda  acquires  with  us  increasingly  broader proportions for the immortalization of the most important  events  and  figures,  and  is  transforming  into  a powerful instrument for the reflection of the glorious history of our people and for the revolutionary and class education  of  the  masses.1  Nowadays,  beside  the  place-ment  of  hundreds  of  commemorative  plaques,  dozens  upon dozens of lapidars, busts, statues, and monuments have  been  erected  everywhere,  reminding  the  traveller  and visitor that the Albanian, as comrade Enver has said, has – sword in hand – cut the road of history in two, and that  Albania  has  turned  into  a  country  of  lapidars  and  construction sites.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <TextContent>
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          <ContentAudience>00</ContentAudience>
          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;With the continuous care of the party and government for  the  preservation  and  further  development  of  the  patriotic  and  revolutionary  traditions  of  our  people,  monumental  propaganda  acquires  with  us  increasingly  broader proportions for the immortalization of the most important  events  and  figures,  and  is  transforming  into  a powerful instrument for the reflection of the glorious history of our people and for the revolutionary and class education  of  the  masses.1  Nowadays,  beside  the  place-ment  of  hundreds  of  commemorative  plaques,  dozens  upon dozens of lapidars, busts, statues, and monuments have  been  erected  everywhere,  reminding  the  traveller  and visitor that the Albanian, as comrade Enver has said, has – sword in hand – cut the road of history in two, and that  Albania  has  turned  into  a  country  of  lapidars  and  construction sites.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
        </TextContent>
        <TextContent>
          <TextType>20</TextType>
          <ContentAudience>00</ContentAudience>
          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
        </TextContent>
        <CopyrightStatement>
          <CopyrightOwner>
            <PersonName>Alia, Ramiz </PersonName>
          </CopyrightOwner>
        </CopyrightStatement>
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        <LevelSequenceNumber>7</LevelSequenceNumber>
        <TextItem>
          <TextItemType>03</TextItemType>
          <TextItemIdentifier>
            <TextItemIDType>06</TextItemIDType>
            <IDValue>10.21983/P3.0094.1.07</IDValue>
          </TextItemIdentifier>
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          <FirstPageNumber>39</FirstPageNumber>
          <LastPageNumber>43</LastPageNumber>
        </PageRun>
        <NumberOfPages>5</NumberOfPages>
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          <EpubLicenseName>Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported license (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0).</EpubLicenseName>
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        <TitleDetail>
          <TitleType>01</TitleType>
          <TitleElement>
            <TitleElementLevel>01</TitleElementLevel>
            <TitleText language="eng">Relacion</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Mbi gjendjen dhe masat për zhvillimin dhe revolucionarizimin e mëtejshëm të propagandës monumentale</Subtitle>
          </TitleElement>
        </TitleDetail>
        <Contributor>
          <SequenceNumber>1</SequenceNumber>
          <ContributorRole>A01</ContributorRole>
          <PersonName>Ramiz Alia</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Ramiz</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Alia</KeyNames>
        </Contributor>
        <Language>
          <LanguageRole>01</LanguageRole>
          <LanguageCode>alb</LanguageCode>
        </Language>
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          <ContentAudience>00</ContentAudience>
          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Me kujdesin e vazhdueshëm të partisë dhe qeverisë për ruajtjen  dhe  zhvillimin  e  mëtejshëm  të  traditave  pa-triotike  e  revolucionare  të  popullit  tonë,  për  përjetësi-min  e  ngjarjeve  dhe  figurave  më  të  rëndësishme,  tek  ne,  gjithnjë  e  më  shumë,  propaganda  monumentale  po  merr përpjestime të gjëra dhe po shndrrohet në një mjet të  fuqishëm  për  pasqyrimin  e  historisë  së  lavdishme  të  popullit tonë dhe për edukimin revolucionar e klasor të masave.1  Tani  kudo,  krahas  vendosjes  të  qindra  pllaka-ve përkujtimore, janë ngritur dhjetra e dhjetra lapidarë, buste, statuje e monumente që i kujtojnë udhëtarit e vi-sitorit, se shqiptari, siç ka thënë shoku Enver, e ka qarë me shpatë në dorë rrugën e historisë, se Shqipëria është kthyer në një vend lapidarësh dhe kantieresh.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
        </TextContent>
        <TextContent>
          <TextType>30</TextType>
          <ContentAudience>00</ContentAudience>
          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Me kujdesin e vazhdueshëm të partisë dhe qeverisë për ruajtjen  dhe  zhvillimin  e  mëtejshëm  të  traditave  pa-triotike  e  revolucionare  të  popullit  tonë,  për  përjetësi-min  e  ngjarjeve  dhe  figurave  më  të  rëndësishme,  tek  ne,  gjithnjë  e  më  shumë,  propaganda  monumentale  po  merr përpjestime të gjëra dhe po shndrrohet në një mjet të  fuqishëm  për  pasqyrimin  e  historisë  së  lavdishme  të  popullit tonë dhe për edukimin revolucionar e klasor të masave.1  Tani  kudo,  krahas  vendosjes  të  qindra  pllaka-ve përkujtimore, janë ngritur dhjetra e dhjetra lapidarë, buste, statuje e monumente që i kujtojnë udhëtarit e vi-sitorit, se shqiptari, siç ka thënë shoku Enver, e ka qarë me shpatë në dorë rrugën e historisë, se Shqipëria është kthyer në një vend lapidarësh dhe kantieresh.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
        </TextContent>
        <TextContent>
          <TextType>20</TextType>
          <ContentAudience>00</ContentAudience>
          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
        </TextContent>
        <CopyrightStatement>
          <CopyrightOwner>
            <PersonName>Alia, Ramiz </PersonName>
          </CopyrightOwner>
        </CopyrightStatement>
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      <ContentItem>
        <LevelSequenceNumber>8</LevelSequenceNumber>
        <TextItem>
          <TextItemType>03</TextItemType>
          <TextItemIdentifier>
            <TextItemIDType>06</TextItemIDType>
            <IDValue>10.21983/P3.0094.1.08</IDValue>
          </TextItemIdentifier>
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          <FirstPageNumber>45</FirstPageNumber>
          <LastPageNumber>47</LastPageNumber>
        </PageRun>
        <NumberOfPages>3</NumberOfPages>
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          <EpubLicenseName>Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported license (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0).</EpubLicenseName>
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        <TitleDetail>
          <TitleType>01</TitleType>
          <TitleElement>
            <TitleElementLevel>01</TitleElementLevel>
            <TitleText language="eng">Dignified Symbols for Historical Events</TitleText>
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        <Contributor>
          <SequenceNumber>1</SequenceNumber>
          <ContributorRole>A01</ContributorRole>
          <PersonName>Kujtim Buza</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Kujtim</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Buza</KeyNames>
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        <Contributor>
          <SequenceNumber>2</SequenceNumber>
          <ContributorRole>A01</ContributorRole>
          <PersonName>Kleanth Dedi</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Kleanth</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Dedi</KeyNames>
        </Contributor>
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          <LanguageRole>01</LanguageRole>
          <LanguageCode>eng</LanguageCode>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;As  a  direct  result  of  the  great  care  of  the  party  and  the  government,  a  healthy  social  opinion  has  been  created  in  our  country  to  keep  alive  the  mass  and  individual  heroism  and  to  immortalize  the  different  events  of  lo-cal and national importance.1 There is a sensible growth in the number of memorials in our country. Nowadays, we  have  about  500  lapidars,  over  300  commemorative  plaques, 140 busts, and 27 monuments and memorials. The  study  of  the  number  of  those  symbols  also  brings out problems that show their appreciation by dif-ferent regions. We do not pretend that there is an equal-ity  in  number  between  regions.  There  are  differences  and there have to be. Those are related to the number of events or persons that one or the other region has to be commemorated.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;As  a  direct  result  of  the  great  care  of  the  party  and  the  government,  a  healthy  social  opinion  has  been  created  in  our  country  to  keep  alive  the  mass  and  individual  heroism  and  to  immortalize  the  different  events  of  lo-cal and national importance.1 There is a sensible growth in the number of memorials in our country. Nowadays, we  have  about  500  lapidars,  over  300  commemorative  plaques, 140 busts, and 27 monuments and memorials. The  study  of  the  number  of  those  symbols  also  brings out problems that show their appreciation by dif-ferent regions. We do not pretend that there is an equal-ity  in  number  between  regions.  There  are  differences  and there have to be. Those are related to the number of events or persons that one or the other region has to be commemorated.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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          <CopyrightOwner>
            <PersonName>Buza, Kujtim</PersonName>
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        <CopyrightStatement>
          <CopyrightOwner>
            <PersonName>Dedi, Kleanth</PersonName>
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            <IDValue>10.21983/P3.0094.1.09</IDValue>
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        <TitleDetail>
          <TitleType>01</TitleType>
          <TitleElement>
            <TitleElementLevel>01</TitleElementLevel>
            <TitleText language="eng">Simbole dinjitoze ngjarjeve historike</TitleText>
          </TitleElement>
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          <ContributorRole>A01</ContributorRole>
          <PersonName>Kujtim Buza</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Kujtim</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Buza</KeyNames>
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        <Contributor>
          <SequenceNumber>2</SequenceNumber>
          <ContributorRole>A01</ContributorRole>
          <PersonName>Kleanth Dedi</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Kleanth</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Dedi</KeyNames>
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          <LanguageCode>alb</LanguageCode>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Si  rezultat  i  drejtpërdrejtë  i  kujdesit  të  madh  të  partisë  dhe të pushtetit, në vendin tonë, për të mbajtur gjallë he-roizmin masiv dhe individual, për të përjetësuar ngjarjet e ndryshme me rëndësi lokale e kombëtare, është krijuar një opinion i shëndoshë shoqëror.1 Ka rritje të ndjeshme të numurit të përkujtimoreve në vendin tonë. Sot kemi rreth 500 lapidarë, mbi 300 pllaka përkujtimore, 140 bu-ste dhe 27 monumente e përmendore.Nëpërmjet studimit të numurit të këtyre simboleve, dalin edhe probleme që tregojnë vlerësimin që bëhet nga rrethet e ndryshme. Ne nuk pretendojmë të ketë barazi në  numur  midis  rretheve.  Ndryshime  ka  dhe  duhet  të  ketë. Ato janë të lidhura me numurin e ngjarjeve ose të personave që kan njeri ose tjetri rreth për t’u përkujtuar.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Si  rezultat  i  drejtpërdrejtë  i  kujdesit  të  madh  të  partisë  dhe të pushtetit, në vendin tonë, për të mbajtur gjallë he-roizmin masiv dhe individual, për të përjetësuar ngjarjet e ndryshme me rëndësi lokale e kombëtare, është krijuar një opinion i shëndoshë shoqëror.1 Ka rritje të ndjeshme të numurit të përkujtimoreve në vendin tonë. Sot kemi rreth 500 lapidarë, mbi 300 pllaka përkujtimore, 140 bu-ste dhe 27 monumente e përmendore.Nëpërmjet studimit të numurit të këtyre simboleve, dalin edhe probleme që tregojnë vlerësimin që bëhet nga rrethet e ndryshme. Ne nuk pretendojmë të ketë barazi në  numur  midis  rretheve.  Ndryshime  ka  dhe  duhet  të  ketë. Ato janë të lidhura me numurin e ngjarjeve ose të personave që kan njeri ose tjetri rreth për t’u përkujtuar.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <ContentAudience>00</ContentAudience>
          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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          <CopyrightOwner>
            <PersonName>Buza, Kujtim</PersonName>
          </CopyrightOwner>
        </CopyrightStatement>
        <CopyrightStatement>
          <CopyrightOwner>
            <PersonName>Dedi, Kleanth</PersonName>
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        <TitleDetail>
          <TitleType>01</TitleType>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Natural and Cultural Monuments during the Years of Socialism</TitleText>
          </TitleElement>
        </TitleDetail>
        <Contributor>
          <SequenceNumber>1</SequenceNumber>
          <ContributorRole>A01</ContributorRole>
          <PersonName>Muharrem Xhafa</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Muharrem</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Xhafa</KeyNames>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;During  the  years  of  socialism,  the  popular  government  in Albania, even all ofAlbanian society, gave special im-portance to the issue and values of cultural monuments and  as  such  held  them  in  high  regard.  Certainly  this  is  not  something  accidental,  but  the  result  of  a  realistic  politics followed by the Labor Party of Albania in power, which  always  showed  itself  concerned  toward  the  sec-tor,  life,  and  problems  of  cultural  monuments,  and  ap-preciated  this  activity  with  value  and  great  importance  for society and Albanian history, in the broadest sense of the word. It did not limit the content, meaning, and role of monuments to the framework of cultural monuments alone.  So  for  the  party,  state,  institutions,  and  public  opinion   the   concept   “monument”   included   cultural   monuments,  but  also  an  old  artisanal  house,  a  bridge,  a  building,  or  something  else  with  artistic,  cultural  and  historical,  archeological,  or  architectural  value,  as  well  as  works,  documents,  evidence,  and  early  monuments  of the writing of the Albanian language, etc. Also a writ-ten work of outstanding historical, cultural, or scientific value for the past or present of country, was understood to  be  part  of  this.  The  Albanian  state  and  population  valued all riches inherited throughout the centuries and created during the years of the National Antifascist Lib-eration War and in the decades of the country’s building of  socialism  –  erected  monumental  works,  completed  monumental   studies,   created   monumental   composi-tions,  buildings,  bridges,  and  monumental  ensembles,  pictures,  sculptures,  monumental  tableaus,  monumen-tal  centers  in  cities,  inhabited  zones,  and  villages.  In  its  endeavors  to  create  grand,  monumental  works,  which  left  deep  impressions  with  their  large  dimensions  and  thoroughly  popular–national  content,  with  the  great-ness they expressed and incredible generalizing features, rising  up  high,  spreading  glory  to  the  heroism  of  the  people, its outstanding sons.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <ContentAudience>00</ContentAudience>
          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;During  the  years  of  socialism,  the  popular  government  in Albania, even all ofAlbanian society, gave special im-portance to the issue and values of cultural monuments and  as  such  held  them  in  high  regard.  Certainly  this  is  not  something  accidental,  but  the  result  of  a  realistic  politics followed by the Labor Party of Albania in power, which  always  showed  itself  concerned  toward  the  sec-tor,  life,  and  problems  of  cultural  monuments,  and  ap-preciated  this  activity  with  value  and  great  importance  for society and Albanian history, in the broadest sense of the word. It did not limit the content, meaning, and role of monuments to the framework of cultural monuments alone.  So  for  the  party,  state,  institutions,  and  public  opinion   the   concept   “monument”   included   cultural   monuments,  but  also  an  old  artisanal  house,  a  bridge,  a  building,  or  something  else  with  artistic,  cultural  and  historical,  archeological,  or  architectural  value,  as  well  as  works,  documents,  evidence,  and  early  monuments  of the writing of the Albanian language, etc. Also a writ-ten work of outstanding historical, cultural, or scientific value for the past or present of country, was understood to  be  part  of  this.  The  Albanian  state  and  population  valued all riches inherited throughout the centuries and created during the years of the National Antifascist Lib-eration War and in the decades of the country’s building of  socialism  –  erected  monumental  works,  completed  monumental   studies,   created   monumental   composi-tions,  buildings,  bridges,  and  monumental  ensembles,  pictures,  sculptures,  monumental  tableaus,  monumen-tal  centers  in  cities,  inhabited  zones,  and  villages.  In  its  endeavors  to  create  grand,  monumental  works,  which  left  deep  impressions  with  their  large  dimensions  and  thoroughly  popular–national  content,  with  the  great-ness they expressed and incredible generalizing features, rising  up  high,  spreading  glory  to  the  heroism  of  the  people, its outstanding sons.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <ContentAudience>00</ContentAudience>
          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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          <CopyrightOwner>
            <PersonName>Xhafa, Muharrem </PersonName>
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        <TitleDetail>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Monumentet e natyrës dhe të kulturës në vitet e socializmit</TitleText>
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          <SequenceNumber>1</SequenceNumber>
          <ContributorRole>A01</ContributorRole>
          <PersonName>Muharrem Xhafa</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Muharrem</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Xhafa</KeyNames>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Në  vitet  e  socializmit,  pushteti  popullor  në  Shqipëri,  madje  e  gjithë  shoqëria  shqiptare,  u  jepnin  rëndësi  të  posaçme  dhe  kishin,  po  kështu,  edhe  vlerësim  të  lartë  për  çeshtjen  e  vlerat  e  monumenteve  të  kulturës.  Sigu-risht,  kjo  nuk  ishte  diçka  e  rastit,  po  ishte  rrjedhojë  e  politikës realiste, që ndiqte Partia e Punës së Shqipërisë në pushtet, e cila gjithnjë tregohej e vëmendshme ndaj sektorit, jetës e problemeve të monumenteve të kulturës, e  vlerësonte  këtë  veprimtari  me  vlera  e  rëndësi  të  spi-katur  për  shoqërinë  e  historinë  shqiptare,  në  kuptimin  më  të  gjerë  të  fjalës.  Ajo  nuk  i  kufizonte  përmbajtjen,  kuptimin  e  rolin  e  monumenteve  thjesht  në  kuadrin  e  monumenteve  të  kulturës.  Partia,  shteti,  institucionet,  opinioni shoqëror, në konceptin monument perfshinin, monumente  të  kulturës,  po  edhe  një  ndërtesë  të  vjetër  arti, edhe një urë, një banesë a diçka tjetër me vlera ar-tistike, kulturore e historike, arkeologjike, arkitekturore, edhe veprat, dokumentet, deshmitë e para-monumente të shkrimit të gjuhës shqipe etj. Po kuptohej, gjithashtu, edhe një vepër e shkruar, me vlera të shquara historike, kulturore,  shkencore  për  të  shkuaren  e  vendit  e  për  të  tashmen e tij, për qenien e popullit shqiptar. Shteti e po-pulli shqiptar çmonin të gjitha pasuritë e trashëguara në shekuj  dhe  ato  të  krijuara  në  vitet  e  Luftës  Antifashiste  Nacionalçlirimtare dhe në dekadat e ndërtimit socialist të  vendit  –  veprat  monumentale  të  ngritura,  studimet  monumentale  të  kryera,  kompozimet  monumentale  të  bëra, ndërtesat, urat e ansamblet monumentale, pikturat, skulpturat, tablotë monumentale, qendrat monumenta-le  në  qytete,  zona  të  banuara  e  fshatra.  Në  përpjekjet  e  saj  për  të  krijuar  vepra  monumentale,  madhështore,  të  cilat linin mbresa të thella me përmasat e veta të mëdha e me përmbajtjen e tyre të thellë popullore–kombëtare, me madhështinë që shprehnin e trajtat përgjithësuese të papara, që ngrinin lart e i thurnin lavdi heroizmit të po-pullit, bijve të shquar të tij.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Në  vitet  e  socializmit,  pushteti  popullor  në  Shqipëri,  madje  e  gjithë  shoqëria  shqiptare,  u  jepnin  rëndësi  të  posaçme  dhe  kishin,  po  kështu,  edhe  vlerësim  të  lartë  për  çeshtjen  e  vlerat  e  monumenteve  të  kulturës.  Sigu-risht,  kjo  nuk  ishte  diçka  e  rastit,  po  ishte  rrjedhojë  e  politikës realiste, që ndiqte Partia e Punës së Shqipërisë në pushtet, e cila gjithnjë tregohej e vëmendshme ndaj sektorit, jetës e problemeve të monumenteve të kulturës, e  vlerësonte  këtë  veprimtari  me  vlera  e  rëndësi  të  spi-katur  për  shoqërinë  e  historinë  shqiptare,  në  kuptimin  më  të  gjerë  të  fjalës.  Ajo  nuk  i  kufizonte  përmbajtjen,  kuptimin  e  rolin  e  monumenteve  thjesht  në  kuadrin  e  monumenteve  të  kulturës.  Partia,  shteti,  institucionet,  opinioni shoqëror, në konceptin monument perfshinin, monumente  të  kulturës,  po  edhe  një  ndërtesë  të  vjetër  arti, edhe një urë, një banesë a diçka tjetër me vlera ar-tistike, kulturore e historike, arkeologjike, arkitekturore, edhe veprat, dokumentet, deshmitë e para-monumente të shkrimit të gjuhës shqipe etj. Po kuptohej, gjithashtu, edhe një vepër e shkruar, me vlera të shquara historike, kulturore,  shkencore  për  të  shkuaren  e  vendit  e  për  të  tashmen e tij, për qenien e popullit shqiptar. Shteti e po-pulli shqiptar çmonin të gjitha pasuritë e trashëguara në shekuj  dhe  ato  të  krijuara  në  vitet  e  Luftës  Antifashiste  Nacionalçlirimtare dhe në dekadat e ndërtimit socialist të  vendit  –  veprat  monumentale  të  ngritura,  studimet  monumentale  të  kryera,  kompozimet  monumentale  të  bëra, ndërtesat, urat e ansamblet monumentale, pikturat, skulpturat, tablotë monumentale, qendrat monumenta-le  në  qytete,  zona  të  banuara  e  fshatra.  Në  përpjekjet  e  saj  për  të  krijuar  vepra  monumentale,  madhështore,  të  cilat linin mbresa të thella me përmasat e veta të mëdha e me përmbajtjen e tyre të thellë popullore–kombëtare, me madhështinë që shprehnin e trajtat përgjithësuese të papara, që ngrinin lart e i thurnin lavdi heroizmit të po-pullit, bijve të shquar të tij.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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          <CopyrightOwner>
            <PersonName>Xhafa, Muharrem </PersonName>
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            <IDValue>10.21983/P3.0094.1.12</IDValue>
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          <FirstPageNumber>61</FirstPageNumber>
          <LastPageNumber>66</LastPageNumber>
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        <NumberOfPages>6</NumberOfPages>
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            <TitleText language="eng">The Thanatology of Hope</TitleText>
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          <SequenceNumber>1</SequenceNumber>
          <ContributorRole>A01</ContributorRole>
          <PersonName>Gëzim Qëndro</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Gëzim</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Qëndro</KeyNames>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;When confronted with an oxymoron like the title “The Thanatology  of  Hope,”  the  reader  will  probably  think  that  it  suffers  from  a  referential  uncertainty:  the  words  seem to work separately, creating an ambiguous and un-convincing  fusion  of  the  two.  Furthermore,  in  our  cul-ture death and hope seem to exclude each other (hope dies  last!).  This  is  why  the  cemetery  is  perceived  as  a  place of sorrow and loss which annihilates any discourse of  hope,  a  topos  where  one  thinks  that  Death  was  the  end  of  the  hopes  of  the  unfortunate  inhabitants  of  the  necropolis.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;When confronted with an oxymoron like the title “The Thanatology  of  Hope,”  the  reader  will  probably  think  that  it  suffers  from  a  referential  uncertainty:  the  words  seem to work separately, creating an ambiguous and un-convincing  fusion  of  the  two.  Furthermore,  in  our  cul-ture death and hope seem to exclude each other (hope dies  last!).  This  is  why  the  cemetery  is  perceived  as  a  place of sorrow and loss which annihilates any discourse of  hope,  a  topos  where  one  thinks  that  Death  was  the  end  of  the  hopes  of  the  unfortunate  inhabitants  of  the  necropolis.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <ContentAudience>00</ContentAudience>
          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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          <CopyrightOwner>
            <PersonName>Qëndro, Gëzim</PersonName>
          </CopyrightOwner>
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        <LevelSequenceNumber>13</LevelSequenceNumber>
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            <IDValue>10.21983/P3.0094.1.13</IDValue>
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          <FirstPageNumber>67</FirstPageNumber>
          <LastPageNumber>72</LastPageNumber>
        </PageRun>
        <NumberOfPages>6</NumberOfPages>
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        <TitleDetail>
          <TitleType>01</TitleType>
          <TitleElement>
            <TitleElementLevel>01</TitleElementLevel>
            <TitleText language="eng">Thanatologjia e shpresës</TitleText>
          </TitleElement>
        </TitleDetail>
        <Contributor>
          <SequenceNumber>1</SequenceNumber>
          <ContributorRole>A01</ContributorRole>
          <PersonName>Gëzim Qëndro</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Gëzim</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Qëndro</KeyNames>
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          <LanguageRole>01</LanguageRole>
          <LanguageCode>alb</LanguageCode>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Kur  përballet  me  një  togfjalësh  kundërthënës  si  titul-li  “Thanatologjia  e  shpresës”  lexuesi  ka  të  ngjarë  të  mendojë  se  ai  vuan  nga  njëfarë  paqartësie  ndaj  refe-rentit:  fjalët  duken  sikur  veprojnë  veçmas  duke  kri-juar  një  shkrirje  dykuptimëshe  aspak  bindëse.  Për  më  tepër,  në  kulturën  tonë  vdekja  dhe  shpresa  duket  sikur  përjashtojnë njëra-tjetrën (shpresa vdes e fundit!), pra-ndaj varreza perceptohet si vend pikëllimi dhe humbjeje ku asgjësohet çfarëdo diskuri rreth shpresës, një topos që na shtyn të mendojmë se Vdekja ishte fundi i shpresave për banorët fatkeqë të nekropolit.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Kur  përballet  me  një  togfjalësh  kundërthënës  si  titul-li  “Thanatologjia  e  shpresës”  lexuesi  ka  të  ngjarë  të  mendojë  se  ai  vuan  nga  njëfarë  paqartësie  ndaj  refe-rentit:  fjalët  duken  sikur  veprojnë  veçmas  duke  kri-juar  një  shkrirje  dykuptimëshe  aspak  bindëse.  Për  më  tepër,  në  kulturën  tonë  vdekja  dhe  shpresa  duket  sikur  përjashtojnë njëra-tjetrën (shpresa vdes e fundit!), pra-ndaj varreza perceptohet si vend pikëllimi dhe humbjeje ku asgjësohet çfarëdo diskuri rreth shpresës, një topos që na shtyn të mendojmë se Vdekja ishte fundi i shpresave për banorët fatkeqë të nekropolit.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <ContentAudience>00</ContentAudience>
          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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          <CopyrightOwner>
            <PersonName>Qëndro, Gëzim</PersonName>
          </CopyrightOwner>
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        <LevelSequenceNumber>14</LevelSequenceNumber>
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            <TextItemIDType>06</TextItemIDType>
            <IDValue>10.21983/P3.0094.1.14</IDValue>
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          <FirstPageNumber>73</FirstPageNumber>
          <LastPageNumber>80</LastPageNumber>
        </PageRun>
        <NumberOfPages>8</NumberOfPages>
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          <EpubLicenseName>Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported license (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0).</EpubLicenseName>
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        <TitleDetail>
          <TitleType>01</TitleType>
          <TitleElement>
            <TitleElementLevel>01</TitleElementLevel>
            <TitleText language="eng">"We Raise Our Eyes and Feel as if She Rules the Sky"</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">The Mother Albania Monument and the Visualization of National History</Subtitle>
          </TitleElement>
        </TitleDetail>
        <Contributor>
          <SequenceNumber>1</SequenceNumber>
          <ContributorRole>A01</ContributorRole>
          <PersonName>Raino Isto</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Raino</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Isto</KeyNames>
          <ProfessionalAffiliation>
            <AffiliationIdentifier>
              <AffiliationIDType>40</AffiliationIDType>
              <IDValue>01r0c1p88</IDValue>
            </AffiliationIdentifier>
            <Affiliation>University of Maryland</Affiliation>
          </ProfessionalAffiliation>
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          <LanguageCode>eng</LanguageCode>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;On  the  morning  of  May  5,  1972,  Enver  Hoxha  and  the  party  leadership,  together  with  hundreds  of  citizens  of  the People’s Socialist Republic of Albania, gathered on a hill overlooking Tirana from the southeast, in the Cem-etery  of  the  Martyrs  of  the  Nation.1  This  Martyrs’  Day  celebration  was  the  first  to  be  held  in  the  new  martyrs’  cemetery, a complex that – in a more modest manifesta-tion – had previously occupied the hill of St. Procopius in Tirana’s Great Park [als–8]. Those assembled stood on an open platform before the centerpiece of the new cemetery  complex,  the  imposing  figure  of  the  Mother Albania monument [als–12], which rose 22 meters over the crowds below (fig. 1).2 Reporting on the commemo-ration for the newspaper Zëri i Popullit, Agim Shehu de-scribed,  in  particular,  those  mothers  who  had  come  to  honor the dead who had given their lives in the struggle against fascist occupation and in support of the Popular Revolution&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;On  the  morning  of  May  5,  1972,  Enver  Hoxha  and  the  party  leadership,  together  with  hundreds  of  citizens  of  the People’s Socialist Republic of Albania, gathered on a hill overlooking Tirana from the southeast, in the Cem-etery  of  the  Martyrs  of  the  Nation.1  This  Martyrs’  Day  celebration  was  the  first  to  be  held  in  the  new  martyrs’  cemetery, a complex that – in a more modest manifesta-tion – had previously occupied the hill of St. Procopius in Tirana’s Great Park [als–8]. Those assembled stood on an open platform before the centerpiece of the new cemetery  complex,  the  imposing  figure  of  the  Mother Albania monument [als–12], which rose 22 meters over the crowds below (fig. 1).2 Reporting on the commemo-ration for the newspaper Zëri i Popullit, Agim Shehu de-scribed,  in  particular,  those  mothers  who  had  come  to  honor the dead who had given their lives in the struggle against fascist occupation and in support of the Popular Revolution&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <ContentAudience>00</ContentAudience>
          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
        </TextContent>
        <CopyrightStatement>
          <CopyrightOwner>
            <PersonName>Isto, Raino</PersonName>
          </CopyrightOwner>
        </CopyrightStatement>
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        <LevelSequenceNumber>15</LevelSequenceNumber>
        <TextItem>
          <TextItemType>03</TextItemType>
          <TextItemIdentifier>
            <TextItemIDType>06</TextItemIDType>
            <IDValue>10.21983/P3.0094.1.15</IDValue>
          </TextItemIdentifier>
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          <FirstPageNumber>81</FirstPageNumber>
          <LastPageNumber>88</LastPageNumber>
        </PageRun>
        <NumberOfPages>8</NumberOfPages>
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          <EpubLicenseName>Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported license (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0).</EpubLicenseName>
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        <TitleDetail>
          <TitleType>01</TitleType>
          <TitleElement>
            <TitleElementLevel>01</TitleElementLevel>
            <TitleText language="eng">"Ngremë sytë lart e ndjejmë, se ajo zotëron qiellin"</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Monumenti Nëna Shqipëri dhe vizualizimi i historisë kombëtar</Subtitle>
          </TitleElement>
        </TitleDetail>
        <Contributor>
          <SequenceNumber>1</SequenceNumber>
          <ContributorRole>A01</ContributorRole>
          <PersonName>Raino Isto</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Raino</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Isto</KeyNames>
          <ProfessionalAffiliation>
            <AffiliationIdentifier>
              <AffiliationIDType>40</AffiliationIDType>
              <IDValue>01r0c1p88</IDValue>
            </AffiliationIdentifier>
            <Affiliation>University of Maryland</Affiliation>
          </ProfessionalAffiliation>
        </Contributor>
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          <LanguageRole>01</LanguageRole>
          <LanguageCode>alb</LanguageCode>
        </Language>
        <TextContent>
          <TextType>03</TextType>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Mëngjesin  e  5  majit  1972,  Enver  Hoxha  dhe  kryesia  e  partisë, së bashku me qindra qytetarë të Republikës Po-pullore  Socialiste  të  Shqipërisë,  u  mblodhën  në  majën  e  një  kodre  prej  nga  ku  mund  të  vëzhgohej  gjithë  Ti-rana  nga  juglindja,  tek  Varrezat  e  Dëshmorëve.1  Kjo  ishte  hera  e  parë  që  kremtimi  i  Ditës  së  Dëshmorëve  u  mbajt  tek  varrezat  e  reja  të  dëshmorëve,  një  kompleks  ky  versioni  më  modest  i  të  cilit  ndodhej  një  herë  e  një  kohë  në  kodrën  e  Shën  Prokopit  në  Parkun  e  Madh  të  Tiranës  [als–8].  Të  pranishmit  ishin  mbledhur  në  një  platformë  të  hapur  përballë  figurës  imponuese  të  mo-numentit Nëna Shqipëri [als–12], i cili ngrihej 22 metra mbi  turmën  (fig.  1).2  Agim  Shehu,  në  reportazhin  e  tij mbi ceremoninë përkujtimore në gazetën Zëri i Popullit,i  kushtoi  vëmendje  të  veçantë  nënave  që  kishin  ardhur  për të nderuar djemtë dhe vajzat që kishin rënë në luftën kundër  pushtimit  fashist  dhe  që  kishin  mbështetur  Re-volucionin Popullor&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <ContentAudience>00</ContentAudience>
          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Mëngjesin  e  5  majit  1972,  Enver  Hoxha  dhe  kryesia  e  partisë, së bashku me qindra qytetarë të Republikës Po-pullore  Socialiste  të  Shqipërisë,  u  mblodhën  në  majën  e  një  kodre  prej  nga  ku  mund  të  vëzhgohej  gjithë  Ti-rana  nga  juglindja,  tek  Varrezat  e  Dëshmorëve.1  Kjo  ishte  hera  e  parë  që  kremtimi  i  Ditës  së  Dëshmorëve  u  mbajt  tek  varrezat  e  reja  të  dëshmorëve,  një  kompleks  ky  versioni  më  modest  i  të  cilit  ndodhej  një  herë  e  një  kohë  në  kodrën  e  Shën  Prokopit  në  Parkun  e  Madh  të  Tiranës  [als–8].  Të  pranishmit  ishin  mbledhur  në  një  platformë  të  hapur  përballë  figurës  imponuese  të  mo-numentit Nëna Shqipëri [als–12], i cili ngrihej 22 metra mbi  turmën  (fig.  1).2  Agim  Shehu,  në  reportazhin  e  tij mbi ceremoninë përkujtimore në gazetën Zëri i Popullit,i  kushtoi  vëmendje  të  veçantë  nënave  që  kishin  ardhur  për të nderuar djemtë dhe vajzat që kishin rënë në luftën kundër  pushtimit  fashist  dhe  që  kishin  mbështetur  Re-volucionin Popullor&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <TextType>20</TextType>
          <ContentAudience>00</ContentAudience>
          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
        </TextContent>
        <CopyrightStatement>
          <CopyrightOwner>
            <PersonName>Isto, Raino</PersonName>
          </CopyrightOwner>
        </CopyrightStatement>
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      <ContentItem>
        <LevelSequenceNumber>16</LevelSequenceNumber>
        <TextItem>
          <TextItemType>03</TextItemType>
          <TextItemIdentifier>
            <TextItemIDType>06</TextItemIDType>
            <IDValue>10.21983/P3.0094.1.16</IDValue>
          </TextItemIdentifier>
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        <PageRun>
          <FirstPageNumber>89</FirstPageNumber>
          <LastPageNumber>96</LastPageNumber>
        </PageRun>
        <NumberOfPages>8</NumberOfPages>
        <EpubLicense>
          <EpubLicenseName>Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported license (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0).</EpubLicenseName>
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        <TitleDetail>
          <TitleType>01</TitleType>
          <TitleElement>
            <TitleElementLevel>01</TitleElementLevel>
            <TitleText language="eng">pilgrimage Centered at Text and Memory</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">The Lapidar in Qukës-Pishkash</Subtitle>
          </TitleElement>
        </TitleDetail>
        <Contributor>
          <SequenceNumber>1</SequenceNumber>
          <ContributorRole>A01</ContributorRole>
          <PersonName>Konstantinos Giakoumis</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Konstantinos</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Giakoumis</KeyNames>
          <ProfessionalAffiliation>
            <AffiliationIdentifier>
              <AffiliationIDType>40</AffiliationIDType>
              <IDValue>01d3tej48</IDValue>
            </AffiliationIdentifier>
            <Affiliation>University of New York Tirana</Affiliation>
          </ProfessionalAffiliation>
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          <ContributorRole>A01</ContributorRole>
          <PersonName>Christopher Lockwood</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Christopher</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Lockwood</KeyNames>
          <ProfessionalAffiliation>
            <AffiliationIdentifier>
              <AffiliationIDType>40</AffiliationIDType>
              <IDValue>01d3tej48</IDValue>
            </AffiliationIdentifier>
            <Affiliation>University of New York Tirana</Affiliation>
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          <LanguageCode>eng</LanguageCode>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The  purpose  of  this  paper  is  to  contextualize  the  lapi-dar at Qukës–Pishkash, Librazhd, into the political and social  setting  of  its  period  and  beyond.  In  doing  so,  we  aim, first, at presenting the monument; second, at dem-onstrating that lapidars were not static monuments, but rather reference points for the socio-political life of the regional  and  capital  center;  last  but  not  least,  we  shall  endeavor  to  show  how  Albania’s  communist  regime,  in  its  understanding  of  the  importance  of  pilgrimage  in  religious  practices,  attempted  to  establish  a  political  religion  by  creating,  through  the  lapidar  at  Pishkash,  a  pilgrimage centered at text and memory to commemo-rate the 1943–4 winter march of the First Offensive Bri-gade in the mountainous zones of Çermenikë, Librazhd, Gramsh, and Korçë, in the course of Albania’s National Anti-Fascist Liberation War. To this aim, we have assem-bled factual and empirical evidence regarding the mon-uments and combined them with socio-anthropological evidence from the study of pilgrimage.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <ContentAudience>00</ContentAudience>
          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The  purpose  of  this  paper  is  to  contextualize  the  lapi-dar at Qukës–Pishkash, Librazhd, into the political and social  setting  of  its  period  and  beyond.  In  doing  so,  we  aim, first, at presenting the monument; second, at dem-onstrating that lapidars were not static monuments, but rather reference points for the socio-political life of the regional  and  capital  center;  last  but  not  least,  we  shall  endeavor  to  show  how  Albania’s  communist  regime,  in  its  understanding  of  the  importance  of  pilgrimage  in  religious  practices,  attempted  to  establish  a  political  religion  by  creating,  through  the  lapidar  at  Pishkash,  a  pilgrimage centered at text and memory to commemo-rate the 1943–4 winter march of the First Offensive Bri-gade in the mountainous zones of Çermenikë, Librazhd, Gramsh, and Korçë, in the course of Albania’s National Anti-Fascist Liberation War. To this aim, we have assem-bled factual and empirical evidence regarding the mon-uments and combined them with socio-anthropological evidence from the study of pilgrimage.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <TextType>20</TextType>
          <ContentAudience>00</ContentAudience>
          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
        </TextContent>
        <CopyrightStatement>
          <CopyrightOwner>
            <PersonName>Giakoumis, Konstantinos</PersonName>
          </CopyrightOwner>
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        <CopyrightStatement>
          <CopyrightOwner>
            <PersonName>Lockwood, Christopher </PersonName>
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        <LevelSequenceNumber>17</LevelSequenceNumber>
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          <TextItemType>03</TextItemType>
          <TextItemIdentifier>
            <TextItemIDType>06</TextItemIDType>
            <IDValue>10.21983/P3.0094.1.17</IDValue>
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        <PageRun>
          <FirstPageNumber>97</FirstPageNumber>
          <LastPageNumber>104</LastPageNumber>
        </PageRun>
        <NumberOfPages>8</NumberOfPages>
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          <EpubLicenseName>Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported license (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0).</EpubLicenseName>
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        <TitleDetail>
          <TitleType>01</TitleType>
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            <TitleElementLevel>01</TitleElementLevel>
            <TitleText language="eng">Pelegrinazhi i përqëndruar tek teksti dhe kujtesa</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Lapidari në Qukës-Pishkash</Subtitle>
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          <SequenceNumber>1</SequenceNumber>
          <ContributorRole>A01</ContributorRole>
          <PersonName>Konstantinos Giakoumis</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Konstantinos</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Giakoumis</KeyNames>
          <ProfessionalAffiliation>
            <AffiliationIdentifier>
              <AffiliationIDType>40</AffiliationIDType>
              <IDValue>01d3tej48</IDValue>
            </AffiliationIdentifier>
            <Affiliation>University of New York Tirana</Affiliation>
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        <Contributor>
          <SequenceNumber>2</SequenceNumber>
          <ContributorRole>A01</ContributorRole>
          <PersonName>Christopher Lockwood</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Christopher</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Lockwood</KeyNames>
          <ProfessionalAffiliation>
            <AffiliationIdentifier>
              <AffiliationIDType>40</AffiliationIDType>
              <IDValue>01d3tej48</IDValue>
            </AffiliationIdentifier>
            <Affiliation>University of New York Tirana</Affiliation>
          </ProfessionalAffiliation>
        </Contributor>
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          <LanguageCode>alb</LanguageCode>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Qëllimi ynë në këtë artikulli është të kontekstualizojmë lapidarin  në  Qukës–Pishkash,  Librazhd,  në  kuadrin  e  rrethanave  politike  e  sociale  të  kohës  kur  ai  u  krijua  si  dhe ato që vijuan.Nëpërmjet kësaj synojmë, pikë së pari, të  prezantojmë  monumentin;  së  dyti,  të  provojmë  se  lapidarët  nuk  ishin  monumente  statike  por  pika  referi-mi për jetën socio-politike në qendrat e rajoneve dhe të vendit; së treti, do të përpiqemi të tregojmë se si regjimi komunist  në  Shqipëri,  që  e  kuptonte  rëndësinë  e  pele-grinazhit në praktikat fetare, tentoi të themelonte një fe politike nëpërmjet lapidarit në Pishkash, një pelegrinazh që përqendrohej tek teksti dhe kujtesa për të përkujtuar marshimin  e  dimirit  të  1943–4  të  Brigadës  së  Parë  Sul-muese   në   zonën   malore   të   Çermenikës,   Librazhdit,   Gramshit  dhe  Korçës,  gjatë  Luftës  Antifashiste  Nacio-nalçlirimtare të vendit. Për këtë arsye, kemi mbledhur të dhëna  faktike  dhe  empirike  rreth  monumenteve  dhe  i  kemi kombinuar këto me të dhëna socio-antropologjike nga studimi i pelegrinazhit&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Qëllimi ynë në këtë artikulli është të kontekstualizojmë lapidarin  në  Qukës–Pishkash,  Librazhd,  në  kuadrin  e  rrethanave  politike  e  sociale  të  kohës  kur  ai  u  krijua  si  dhe ato që vijuan.Nëpërmjet kësaj synojmë, pikë së pari, të  prezantojmë  monumentin;  së  dyti,  të  provojmë  se  lapidarët  nuk  ishin  monumente  statike  por  pika  referi-mi për jetën socio-politike në qendrat e rajoneve dhe të vendit; së treti, do të përpiqemi të tregojmë se si regjimi komunist  në  Shqipëri,  që  e  kuptonte  rëndësinë  e  pele-grinazhit në praktikat fetare, tentoi të themelonte një fe politike nëpërmjet lapidarit në Pishkash, një pelegrinazh që përqendrohej tek teksti dhe kujtesa për të përkujtuar marshimin  e  dimirit  të  1943–4  të  Brigadës  së  Parë  Sul-muese   në   zonën   malore   të   Çermenikës,   Librazhdit,   Gramshit  dhe  Korçës,  gjatë  Luftës  Antifashiste  Nacio-nalçlirimtare të vendit. Për këtë arsye, kemi mbledhur të dhëna  faktike  dhe  empirike  rreth  monumenteve  dhe  i  kemi kombinuar këto me të dhëna socio-antropologjike nga studimi i pelegrinazhit&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Giakoumis, Konstantinos</PersonName>
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          <CopyrightOwner>
            <PersonName>Lockwood, Christopher </PersonName>
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        <TitleDetail>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Lapidars and Socialist Monuments as Elements of Albania's Historic Cultural Landscapes</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Matthias Bickert</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Matthias</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Bickert</KeyNames>
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              <IDValue>01c1w6d29</IDValue>
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            <Affiliation>University of Bamberg</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Once,  while  buying  olives  at  Tirana’s  Pazar  i  Ri  (New  Market), I discerned an abstract shape behind the sellers (als–2). “What is this?” a friend who was visiting from Germany  asked  me.  After  I  tried  to  explain  him  briefly  what  a  “lapidar”  is,  my  friend  wanted  to  take  a  picture  of it. The surrounding sellers’ faces clearly expressed in-comprehension about why a foreigner would care about this concrete structure, against which they used to stack up  their  cardboard  boxes  and  fruit  trays.  A  little  later,  on  the  way  to  Krujë,  we  again  encountered  several  of  those  strange  sculptures  and  obelisks  of  different  sizes,  shapes,  and  forms,  dominating  the  Albanian  landscape  that  passed  by  our  bus  window.  Some  of  them  were  in  bad shape (e.g., als–596) another one had been recently transformed into a stele covered with smiling, ghost-like faces (als–594). “Why are they in such different condi-tions if they are all from the communist period?” was my friend’s legitimate question.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Once,  while  buying  olives  at  Tirana’s  Pazar  i  Ri  (New  Market), I discerned an abstract shape behind the sellers (als–2). “What is this?” a friend who was visiting from Germany  asked  me.  After  I  tried  to  explain  him  briefly  what  a  “lapidar”  is,  my  friend  wanted  to  take  a  picture  of it. The surrounding sellers’ faces clearly expressed in-comprehension about why a foreigner would care about this concrete structure, against which they used to stack up  their  cardboard  boxes  and  fruit  trays.  A  little  later,  on  the  way  to  Krujë,  we  again  encountered  several  of  those  strange  sculptures  and  obelisks  of  different  sizes,  shapes,  and  forms,  dominating  the  Albanian  landscape  that  passed  by  our  bus  window.  Some  of  them  were  in  bad shape (e.g., als–596) another one had been recently transformed into a stele covered with smiling, ghost-like faces (als–594). “Why are they in such different condi-tions if they are all from the communist period?” was my friend’s legitimate question.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Bickert, Matthias</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Lapidarët dhe monumentet socialiste si elemente të peizazheve kulturore historike të Shqipërisë</TitleText>
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          <ContributorRole>A01</ContributorRole>
          <PersonName>Matthias Bickert</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Matthias</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Bickert</KeyNames>
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              <AffiliationIDType>40</AffiliationIDType>
              <IDValue>01c1w6d29</IDValue>
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            <Affiliation>University of Bamberg</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Një ditë, teksa blija ullinj tek Pazari i Ri, më kapën sytë një formë abstrakte pas tezgave (als–2). “Çfarë është?”, më pyeti një mik që kishte ardhur nga Gjermania. Pasi u përpoqa  t’i  shpjegoj  se  çfarë  është  një  lapidar,  ai  donte  t’i  bënte  një  fotografi.  Habia  e  shitësve,  që  nuk  arrinin  ta kuptonin se pse një të huaji mund t’i interesonte një strukturë  betoni  ku  ata  mbështesnin  tezgat  e  frutave  dhe kutitë e kartonit, ishte mjaft e lexueshme. Më vonë, gjatë  rrugës  për  në  Krujë,  u  ndeshëm  me  prototipe  të  tjera të këtyre skulpturave të çuditshme dhe obeliskëve të  përmasave,  formave  dhe  ngjyrave  të  ndryshme,  që  dominonin  peizazhin  shqiptar  që  na  kalonte  para  syve  nga  dritarja  e  autobusit.  Disa  prej  tyre  ishin  në  gjendje  të mjerueshme (p.sh. als–596), një tjetër e kishin tran-sformuar në një stelë të mbuluar me fytyra që buzëqesh-nin  si  fantazma.  “Pse  janë  në  gjendje  kaq  të  ndryshme  nga njëri tjetri nëse të gjithë i përkasin periudhës komu-niste?” qe pyetja legjitime e mikut tim.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Një ditë, teksa blija ullinj tek Pazari i Ri, më kapën sytë një formë abstrakte pas tezgave (als–2). “Çfarë është?”, më pyeti një mik që kishte ardhur nga Gjermania. Pasi u përpoqa  t’i  shpjegoj  se  çfarë  është  një  lapidar,  ai  donte  t’i  bënte  një  fotografi.  Habia  e  shitësve,  që  nuk  arrinin  ta kuptonin se pse një të huaji mund t’i interesonte një strukturë  betoni  ku  ata  mbështesnin  tezgat  e  frutave  dhe kutitë e kartonit, ishte mjaft e lexueshme. Më vonë, gjatë  rrugës  për  në  Krujë,  u  ndeshëm  me  prototipe  të  tjera të këtyre skulpturave të çuditshme dhe obeliskëve të  përmasave,  formave  dhe  ngjyrave  të  ndryshme,  që  dominonin  peizazhin  shqiptar  që  na  kalonte  para  syve  nga  dritarja  e  autobusit.  Disa  prej  tyre  ishin  në  gjendje  të mjerueshme (p.sh. als–596), një tjetër e kishin tran-sformuar në një stelë të mbuluar me fytyra që buzëqesh-nin  si  fantazma.  “Pse  janë  në  gjendje  kaq  të  ndryshme  nga njëri tjetri nëse të gjithë i përkasin periudhës komu-niste?” qe pyetja legjitime e mikut tim.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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          <CopyrightOwner>
            <PersonName>Bickert, Matthias</PersonName>
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        <TitleDetail>
          <TitleType>01</TitleType>
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            <TitleText language="eng">About the Film Lapidari</TitleText>
          </TitleElement>
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          <ContributorRole>A01</ContributorRole>
          <PersonName>Julian Bejko</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Julian</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Bejko</KeyNames>
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              <AffiliationIDType>40</AffiliationIDType>
              <IDValue>03g9v2404</IDValue>
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            <Affiliation>University of Tirana</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The  sounds  of  war  and  partisan  songs  accompany  the  first shots of the film Lapidari.1 Perched on a hill top, the cameraman shows the entire green valley, partially filled with  the  smoke  clouds  of  the  battles.  So  we  are  some-where in the years ’43–’44 of the previous century, when all  of  humanity  and  Albania  were  involved  in  the  hor-rible events of the Second World War. On the one side the partisans, and on the other the Nazi occupiers, in a bloody  battle  for  freedom  or  death  on  the  land  of  the  Albanian people, completely exhausted by the centuries of occupations and occupiers.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The  sounds  of  war  and  partisan  songs  accompany  the  first shots of the film Lapidari.1 Perched on a hill top, the cameraman shows the entire green valley, partially filled with  the  smoke  clouds  of  the  battles.  So  we  are  some-where in the years ’43–’44 of the previous century, when all  of  humanity  and  Albania  were  involved  in  the  hor-rible events of the Second World War. On the one side the partisans, and on the other the Nazi occupiers, in a bloody  battle  for  freedom  or  death  on  the  land  of  the  Albanian people, completely exhausted by the centuries of occupations and occupiers.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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        <CopyrightStatement>
          <CopyrightOwner>
            <PersonName>Bejko, Julian </PersonName>
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            <IDValue>10.21983/P3.0094.1.21</IDValue>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Rreth filmit Lapidari</TitleText>
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          <SequenceNumber>1</SequenceNumber>
          <ContributorRole>A01</ContributorRole>
          <PersonName>Julian Bejko</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Julian</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Bejko</KeyNames>
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              <AffiliationIDType>40</AffiliationIDType>
              <IDValue>03g9v2404</IDValue>
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            <Affiliation>University of Tirana</Affiliation>
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          <LanguageCode>alb</LanguageCode>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Tinguj lufte dhe këngë partizanësh shoqërojnë imazhet e para të filmit Lapidari.1 Operatori i vendosur majë një kodre fokuson gjithë luginën e gjelbër pjesërisht e mbu-luar nga tymnaja e luftimeve. Jemi pra diku rreth viteve ’43–’44  të  shekullit  të  kaluar  kur  mbarë  njerëzimi  dhe  Shqipëria  ishte  e  përfshirë  nga  ngjarjet  e  tmerrshme  të  Luftës  së  Dytë  Botërore.  Në  njërën  anë  partizanët,  në  tjetrën  pushtuesit  nazistë,  në  një  betejë  të  përgjak-shme  për  liri  a  vdekje  në  truallin  e  popullit  shqiptar,  tejet  i  drobitur  nga  vazhdueshmëria  e  pushtimeve  dhe  pushtuesve ndër shekuj.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Tinguj lufte dhe këngë partizanësh shoqërojnë imazhet e para të filmit Lapidari.1 Operatori i vendosur majë një kodre fokuson gjithë luginën e gjelbër pjesërisht e mbu-luar nga tymnaja e luftimeve. Jemi pra diku rreth viteve ’43–’44  të  shekullit  të  kaluar  kur  mbarë  njerëzimi  dhe  Shqipëria  ishte  e  përfshirë  nga  ngjarjet  e  tmerrshme  të  Luftës  së  Dytë  Botërore.  Në  njërën  anë  partizanët,  në  tjetrën  pushtuesit  nazistë,  në  një  betejë  të  përgjak-shme  për  liri  a  vdekje  në  truallin  e  popullit  shqiptar,  tejet  i  drobitur  nga  vazhdueshmëria  e  pushtimeve  dhe  pushtuesve ndër shekuj.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <ContentAudience>00</ContentAudience>
          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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          <CopyrightOwner>
            <PersonName>Bejko, Julian </PersonName>
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            <IDValue>10.21983/P3.0094.1.22</IDValue>
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        <NumberOfPages>8</NumberOfPages>
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        <TitleDetail>
          <TitleType>01</TitleType>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Texts Chiseled on the Calendar</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">A Semiotic Reading of Inscriptions on the Commemorative Monuments of the Period of the National Liberation War</Subtitle>
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          <SequenceNumber>1</SequenceNumber>
          <ContributorRole>A01</ContributorRole>
          <PersonName>Ardian Vehbiu</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Ardian</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Vehbiu</KeyNames>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The  inscriptions  on  commemorative  plaques  and  lapi-dars differ according to what is commemorated: a heroic act,  a  battle,  or  another  important  event,  the  martyrs  of  village  or  a  zone,  or  the  National  Liberation  War  in  general.  However,  from  one  inscription  to  another,  we  may determine several patterns that have to do with the structure of the text.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Essays, articles, artworks, and documents taken from and inspired by the symposium on Reza Negarestani’s Cyclonopedia: Complicity with Anonymous Materials, which took place in March 2011 at The New School. Hailed by novelists, philosophers, artists, cinematographers, and designers, Cyclonopedia is a key work in the emerging domains of speculative realism and theory-fiction. The text has attracted a wide-ranging and interdisciplinary audience, provoking vital debate around the relationship between philosophy, geopolitics, geophysics, and art. At once a work of speculative theology, a political samizdat, and a philosophic grimoire, Cyclonopedia is a Deleuzo-Lovecraftian middle-eastern Odyssey populated by archeologists, jihadis, oil smugglers, Delta Force officers, heresiarchs, and the corpses of ancient gods. Playing out the book’s own theory of creativity – “a confusion in which no straight line can be traced or drawn between creator and created – original inauthenticity” – this multidimensional collection both faithfully interprets the text and realizes it as a loving, perforated host of fresh heresies. The volume includes an incisive contribution from the author explicating a key figure of the novel: the cyclone.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Essays, articles, artworks, and documents taken from and inspired by the symposium on Reza Negarestani’s Cyclonopedia: Complicity with Anonymous Materials, which took place in March 2011 at The New School. Hailed by novelists, philosophers, artists, cinematographers, and designers, Cyclonopedia is a key work in the emerging domains of speculative realism and theory-fiction. The text has attracted a wide-ranging and interdisciplinary audience, provoking vital debate around the relationship between philosophy, geopolitics, geophysics, and art. At once a work of speculative theology, a political samizdat, and a philosophic grimoire, Cyclonopedia is a Deleuzo-Lovecraftian middle-eastern Odyssey populated by archeologists, jihadis, oil smugglers, Delta Force officers, heresiarchs, and the corpses of ancient gods. Playing out the book’s own theory of creativity – “a confusion in which no straight line can be traced or drawn between creator and created – original inauthenticity” – this multidimensional collection both faithfully interprets the text and realizes it as a loving, perforated host of fresh heresies. The volume includes an incisive contribution from the author explicating a key figure of the novel: the cyclone.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Freud, Ferenczi, Lovecraft, Bodkin, Challenger, Cane, Barker, Land, Parsani. Unilkely characters. Crackpots, every one of them. Frauds, fakes, pseudoscientists at best. Indisciplined thinkers breeding speculative mongrels. Hysteria, neuronics, stratoanalysis, schizoanaly-sis, geotraumatics. Through  misinterpretations,  imaginary  convergences, forced couplings and other shady maneouvres lacking in the principled behaviour expected of a scholar, they claimed to have invented a new discipline referred to by various names at various times; but no-one clearly understood  what  the  goals,  methods  or  principles of this new discipline were.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Freud, Ferenczi, Lovecraft, Bodkin, Challenger, Cane, Barker, Land, Parsani. Unilkely characters. Crackpots, every one of them. Frauds, fakes, pseudoscientists at best. Indisciplined thinkers breeding speculative mongrels. Hysteria, neuronics, stratoanalysis, schizoanaly-sis, geotraumatics. Through  misinterpretations,  imaginary  convergences, forced couplings and other shady maneouvres lacking in the principled behaviour expected of a scholar, they claimed to have invented a new discipline referred to by various names at various times; but no-one clearly understood  what  the  goals,  methods  or  principles of this new discipline were.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;‘The Domain of Arnheim’ is a strange story by Edgar Allan Poe, in which a young man who inherits an in-credible fortune decides to spend it, not on buying art but on fashioning a landscape. Poe also imagines the Earth seen from space as itself a complete work of art. He anticipates the real ends of modernism. Is not the totality of all our endeavors, all our so-cial relations, tending towards the making over of the planet as a total work of art? This theme of a secular, aesthetic  destiny  has  its  roots  in  Romanticism,  but lately it has lost its more optimistic cast. What if the work of art into which the word turns excluded the presence of its own makers? What if its creation de-stroys the biological possibility of human life on the planet?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;‘The Domain of Arnheim’ is a strange story by Edgar Allan Poe, in which a young man who inherits an in-credible fortune decides to spend it, not on buying art but on fashioning a landscape. Poe also imagines the Earth seen from space as itself a complete work of art. He anticipates the real ends of modernism. Is not the totality of all our endeavors, all our so-cial relations, tending towards the making over of the planet as a total work of art? This theme of a secular, aesthetic  destiny  has  its  roots  in  Romanticism,  but lately it has lost its more optimistic cast. What if the work of art into which the word turns excluded the presence of its own makers? What if its creation de-stroys the biological possibility of human life on the planet?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;After the end of the world, what is the polity of the inhuman? What is its government of energy? It is programmatic reconfigurability: a general economy of plasticity.  It  extends  around  the  anthropomorphic physiognomy of architecture and toward an acephalic geography  emerging  in the  image  of  strong  computa-tional equivalence. The prototype of an indeterminate future  government  is  positioned  by  an  encounter  be-tween  that  equivalence  and  the  numinous  decay  of ecological entropy and negentropy: oil as body of the world, and the “worlding” of the body of oil. Peak oil, and after. Reza  Negarestani’s  own  program  in  his  theoreti-cal-novel, Cyclonopedia,  is  both  geography  and geophilosophy, yes, but also geopolitics, in the specif-ic sense of a Jamesonian geopolitical aesthetic.1 I wish to instrumentalize the text and to de-metaphorize its obsessions, and to link these to those of another short text of my own: “The language of utopia has shifted. The cybernetics of scenario planning has given way to the apophenia of eschatology. Is geopolitics but a Dark Side  of  the  Rainbow  effect?  With  this  shift,  information  becomes  unmanageable,  non-linear,  associa-tive,  arbitrary.  Anything  is  enrolled  into  the  local rhetoric of conspiracy . . .”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;After the end of the world, what is the polity of the inhuman? What is its government of energy? It is programmatic reconfigurability: a general economy of plasticity.  It  extends  around  the  anthropomorphic physiognomy of architecture and toward an acephalic geography  emerging  in the  image  of  strong  computa-tional equivalence. The prototype of an indeterminate future  government  is  positioned  by  an  encounter  be-tween  that  equivalence  and  the  numinous  decay  of ecological entropy and negentropy: oil as body of the world, and the “worlding” of the body of oil. Peak oil, and after. Reza  Negarestani’s  own  program  in  his  theoreti-cal-novel, Cyclonopedia,  is  both  geography  and geophilosophy, yes, but also geopolitics, in the specif-ic sense of a Jamesonian geopolitical aesthetic.1 I wish to instrumentalize the text and to de-metaphorize its obsessions, and to link these to those of another short text of my own: “The language of utopia has shifted. The cybernetics of scenario planning has given way to the apophenia of eschatology. Is geopolitics but a Dark Side  of  the  Rainbow  effect?  With  this  shift,  information  becomes  unmanageable,  non-linear,  associa-tive,  arbitrary.  Anything  is  enrolled  into  the  local rhetoric of conspiracy . . .”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In  order  to  resonate  complexity,  Biothing  needed  to open a mutable ground that can absorb and synthesize various agencies acting within complexity of transient ecologies.  Its  evolution  was  paralleled  with  de‐evolution  of  its  building  blocks.  In  order to increase the  resolution  of  the  fabric  of  architecture,  its  resili-ence and ability to migrate through multiple fabrics of matter,  modes of construction and organizational pat-terns,  it  was  necessary  to  descend  to  finer  grains  of generative building blocks, where the design search is performed  within  constellations  of  billions  of  parti-cles.  Data architecture. Voxelized storm encapsulating N dimensions. Dustism.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In  order  to  resonate  complexity,  Biothing  needed  to open a mutable ground that can absorb and synthesize various agencies acting within complexity of transient ecologies.  Its  evolution  was  paralleled  with  de‐evolution  of  its  building  blocks.  In  order to increase the  resolution  of  the  fabric  of  architecture,  its  resili-ence and ability to migrate through multiple fabrics of matter,  modes of construction and organizational pat-terns,  it  was  necessary  to  descend  to  finer  grains  of generative building blocks, where the design search is performed  within  constellations  of  billions  of  parti-cles.  Data architecture. Voxelized storm encapsulating N dimensions. Dustism.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Queerness, Openness</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Zach Blas</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The state of queer theory today is somewhere between death  and  life.  Since  Teresa  de  Lauretis  coined  the term  at  a  conference  at  the  University  of  California Santa  Cruz  in  1990,  this body  of  theoretical  work,  it has been claimed, has quickly peaked—or reached an impasse—within the last 15-20 years. In fact, de Lau-retis gave up on the term only after three years, claim-ing  that  “queer”  had  already  been  taken  over  by  the various mainstream institutions and establishments it was created to resist against.  Yet, if queer theory always promises an openness to its future and constantly insists on its inability to be pinned down or limited, what has happened to queer theory, when so many proclaim its usefulness is over or  pronounce  its  outright  death.  There  are  many thoughts,  suggestions,  and  disagreements  about  this: while some suggest queer theory never made good on its promise of openness, others note that queer theo-ry’s very openness and amorphousness fatally diluted it.  Perhaps  the  problem  with  the  “peaking  of  queer theory,”1 as David Ruffolo calls it, is that queer theory has not been open enough.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The state of queer theory today is somewhere between death  and  life.  Since  Teresa  de  Lauretis  coined  the term  at  a  conference  at  the  University  of  California Santa  Cruz  in  1990,  this body  of  theoretical  work,  it has been claimed, has quickly peaked—or reached an impasse—within the last 15-20 years. In fact, de Lau-retis gave up on the term only after three years, claim-ing  that  “queer”  had  already  been  taken  over  by  the various mainstream institutions and establishments it was created to resist against.  Yet, if queer theory always promises an openness to its future and constantly insists on its inability to be pinned down or limited, what has happened to queer theory, when so many proclaim its usefulness is over or  pronounce  its  outright  death.  There  are  many thoughts,  suggestions,  and  disagreements  about  this: while some suggest queer theory never made good on its promise of openness, others note that queer theo-ry’s very openness and amorphousness fatally diluted it.  Perhaps  the  problem  with  the  “peaking  of  queer theory,”1 as David Ruffolo calls it, is that queer theory has not been open enough.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Non-Oedipal Networks and the Inorganic Unconscious</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Melanie Doherty</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;er  being  mysteriously  invited  to  this  confer-ence out of the blue last fall and despite my reserva-tions  and  anxieties,  I  am  here  with  a  mixture  of trepidation and curiosity. I was called out of nowhere, like  Josef  K.  called  to  the  castle.  I  have  wondered many times how I ended up on the radar of the indi-viduals involved, and Reza Negarestani’s radar in par-ticular.  I  will  not  pretend  to  understand  the  engine behind this not entirely unpleasant experience of par-anoia that I’ve been feeling for the past few months as I  read  and  reread Cyclonopedia.  As  a  good  hysteri-cized academic who still falls victim to the Discourse of  the  University,  one  who  uses  excessive  Post-It© notes and checks footnotes, I read the text initially as a traditional book, but then I began to search beyond the original  text  on  website  after  website  after  website, following the clues left initially in Kristen Alvanson’s journal. As I began burrowing through the archives, mole-like, I started to suspect a ludic collective throb-bing  behind every  cold discussion  on Hyperstition,2every blog post and journal article, every conference announcement and facebook page, and perhaps lingering behind every page of the book as well. I began to see connections to the text everywhere online: trisons and weaponized rats, 9s and 11s, solar capitalism, Tel-lurian lubricant, xenopoetics! I giggled aloud with a tinge of hysteria when I saw that the date of the con-ference was indeed March 11—the same date as the first page of the Cyclonopedia manuscript itself! What grand  and  terrifying  organizing  skills  were  these?3What spell had been cast around me to make my hold on  reality  feel  so  tenuous?  My  Oedipa  complex reached fever pitch as I read articles in Collapse, the history of the CCRU, Nick Land’s The Thirst for Anni-hilation,  and  tracked  the  unfolding  debates  within Speculative  Realism.  Terror  fractals  radiated  out  of unexpected civilian spaces. Plotholes unfurling vulvi-cally inside plotholes. And, finally, I suspected that I had plunged to a new depth in the molten magma core of my insanity when I woke up last Saturday morning to see this lead news story on the web: “Fox News Ex-clusive  :  NASA  Scientist  Claims  Evidence  of  Alien Life on Meteorite!” (Because of the contingency of my current  geographic  location  in  Macon,  GA,  and  the wonders of Web 2.0, FOX news often pops up first on my browser. Not by choice.)&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;er  being  mysteriously  invited  to  this  confer-ence out of the blue last fall and despite my reserva-tions  and  anxieties,  I  am  here  with  a  mixture  of trepidation and curiosity. I was called out of nowhere, like  Josef  K.  called  to  the  castle.  I  have  wondered many times how I ended up on the radar of the indi-viduals involved, and Reza Negarestani’s radar in par-ticular.  I  will  not  pretend  to  understand  the  engine behind this not entirely unpleasant experience of par-anoia that I’ve been feeling for the past few months as I  read  and  reread Cyclonopedia.  As  a  good  hysteri-cized academic who still falls victim to the Discourse of  the  University,  one  who  uses  excessive  Post-It© notes and checks footnotes, I read the text initially as a traditional book, but then I began to search beyond the original  text  on  website  after  website  after  website, following the clues left initially in Kristen Alvanson’s journal. As I began burrowing through the archives, mole-like, I started to suspect a ludic collective throb-bing  behind every  cold discussion  on Hyperstition,2every blog post and journal article, every conference announcement and facebook page, and perhaps lingering behind every page of the book as well. I began to see connections to the text everywhere online: trisons and weaponized rats, 9s and 11s, solar capitalism, Tel-lurian lubricant, xenopoetics! I giggled aloud with a tinge of hysteria when I saw that the date of the con-ference was indeed March 11—the same date as the first page of the Cyclonopedia manuscript itself! What grand  and  terrifying  organizing  skills  were  these?3What spell had been cast around me to make my hold on  reality  feel  so  tenuous?  My  Oedipa  complex reached fever pitch as I read articles in Collapse, the history of the CCRU, Nick Land’s The Thirst for Anni-hilation,  and  tracked  the  unfolding  debates  within Speculative  Realism.  Terror  fractals  radiated  out  of unexpected civilian spaces. Plotholes unfurling vulvi-cally inside plotholes. And, finally, I suspected that I had plunged to a new depth in the molten magma core of my insanity when I woke up last Saturday morning to see this lead news story on the web: “Fox News Ex-clusive  :  NASA  Scientist  Claims  Evidence  of  Alien Life on Meteorite!” (Because of the contingency of my current  geographic  location  in  Macon,  GA,  and  the wonders of Web 2.0, FOX news often pops up first on my browser. Not by choice.)&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Symptomatic Horror</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Lovecraft's "The Colour out of Space"</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Anthony Sciscione</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Symptomatic horror describes works that attempt to encounter the radically non-human without recourse to  ontological  presence  and  positive  conceptualiza-tion,  instead  channeling  the  incompatible  agency through its effects on the landscape and representing it in the text primarily with reference to the discursive and hermeneutic gaps it occasions. In H.P. Lovecraft’s “The  Colour  Out  of  Space,”  a  classic  work  of  this sort,  a  constitutionally-indeterminate extraterrestrial agency deposited by a meteorite infiltrates a local bio-physical milieu and reengineers it in accordance with its  alien  molecular  agenda.  At  the  same  time,  the agency occupies a liminal dimension with regard to phenomenal (extensive) space by nesting in the inter-stice between object and quality and also suggesting itself just beyond the borders of perception by sounds sensed  only  at  “moments  where  consciousness [seems]  to  half  slip  away.”  The  habits  of  “stealthy listening” and obsessive nocturnal watching the Gard-ners develop thus increase its phenomenal availabil-ity,  making  paranoia  a  ‘schizotrategic’  mode  of drawing victims toward it at “the outer limits of de-mon  and  system”  where,  to  borrow  from  Deleuze-Guattari, “the interior forces of earth [and] the exterior forces of chaos...clasp and are wed in a battle whose only criterion and stakes is the earth.” The “xeno-agent” or radical outsider never appears as a discrete entity or individuated substance beyond vague indica-tions of motion and fog, but is revealed only nebulous-ly on the ground (the superficial or visible outside) through symptoms of transmutation and madness. In cosmic horror fiction, radical exteriority tends to re-flect some abyss in cognitive apprehension, a chasm or disjuncture between person and world widened by our profound vulnerability in an aleatory, unfavorable cosmos. The shadow of what we don’t know becomes an  alterior  horror  that  knows  all,  that  stares  back through mist with myriad eyes or takes advantage of solidity’s dependence on void to wriggle out the eye-holes of anthropocentrism. In this paper I will explore symptomatic horror in Lovecraft’s tale through Negar-estani’s “( )hole-complex,” understood as a “machine” by which the xeno-agent as “avatar of absolute exteri-ority” infiltrates the interior of a system and opens it up to the outside (the unhuman) via derangement and disintegration, making what once thrived a dusty sig-nature of human impotence in a world that, the more it opens up to us, the more horrifyingly weird it be-comes.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Symptomatic horror describes works that attempt to encounter the radically non-human without recourse to  ontological  presence  and  positive  conceptualiza-tion,  instead  channeling  the  incompatible  agency through its effects on the landscape and representing it in the text primarily with reference to the discursive and hermeneutic gaps it occasions. In H.P. Lovecraft’s “The  Colour  Out  of  Space,”  a  classic  work  of  this sort,  a  constitutionally-indeterminate extraterrestrial agency deposited by a meteorite infiltrates a local bio-physical milieu and reengineers it in accordance with its  alien  molecular  agenda.  At  the  same  time,  the agency occupies a liminal dimension with regard to phenomenal (extensive) space by nesting in the inter-stice between object and quality and also suggesting itself just beyond the borders of perception by sounds sensed  only  at  “moments  where  consciousness [seems]  to  half  slip  away.”  The  habits  of  “stealthy listening” and obsessive nocturnal watching the Gard-ners develop thus increase its phenomenal availabil-ity,  making  paranoia  a  ‘schizotrategic’  mode  of drawing victims toward it at “the outer limits of de-mon  and  system”  where,  to  borrow  from  Deleuze-Guattari, “the interior forces of earth [and] the exterior forces of chaos...clasp and are wed in a battle whose only criterion and stakes is the earth.” The “xeno-agent” or radical outsider never appears as a discrete entity or individuated substance beyond vague indica-tions of motion and fog, but is revealed only nebulous-ly on the ground (the superficial or visible outside) through symptoms of transmutation and madness. In cosmic horror fiction, radical exteriority tends to re-flect some abyss in cognitive apprehension, a chasm or disjuncture between person and world widened by our profound vulnerability in an aleatory, unfavorable cosmos. The shadow of what we don’t know becomes an  alterior  horror  that  knows  all,  that  stares  back through mist with myriad eyes or takes advantage of solidity’s dependence on void to wriggle out the eye-holes of anthropocentrism. In this paper I will explore symptomatic horror in Lovecraft’s tale through Negar-estani’s “( )hole-complex,” understood as a “machine” by which the xeno-agent as “avatar of absolute exteri-ority” infiltrates the interior of a system and opens it up to the outside (the unhuman) via derangement and disintegration, making what once thrived a dusty sig-nature of human impotence in a world that, the more it opens up to us, the more horrifyingly weird it be-comes.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Cyclonopedia as Novel (A Meditation on Complicity as Inauthenticity)</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Kate Marshall</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The  found  manuscript  comprising  one Cyclono-pedia—that is, the “thick piece of writing” that Kristen Alvanson exhumes from under the bed in her Istanbul hotel room bearing the handwritten name of Reza Ne-garestani—has already begun to deteriorate.1 Our hero-ine notes that “everyone in this manuscript seems to disappear  without  a  trace”  as  she  reads  of  persons who are “characterized by their exit-level.”2 By this description,  the  closest  thing  to  a  character  in  her somnambulist’s  treasure  is  Dr.  Hamid  Parsani,  who has already departed when the manuscript begins.     Parsani is constructed through an assemblage of anonymous remembrances, fragmented writings, and obscure  commentary.  His  “newly  discovered  notes” are the cause of the “tumultuous discussion” and “fe-verish excitement” that will form the bulk of the text.3At its most banal level, the manuscript Cyclonopediais  a  posthumous  collaboration  between  Parsani  and the distributed anonymous author-collective Hypersti-tion, is narrated by or addressed to the fictional quan-tity  Reza  Negarestani,  and  is  edited,  introduced, annotated and ruthlessly deformed by Kristen Alvan-son.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The  found  manuscript  comprising  one Cyclono-pedia—that is, the “thick piece of writing” that Kristen Alvanson exhumes from under the bed in her Istanbul hotel room bearing the handwritten name of Reza Ne-garestani—has already begun to deteriorate.1 Our hero-ine notes that “everyone in this manuscript seems to disappear  without  a  trace”  as  she  reads  of  persons who are “characterized by their exit-level.”2 By this description,  the  closest  thing  to  a  character  in  her somnambulist’s  treasure  is  Dr.  Hamid  Parsani,  who has already departed when the manuscript begins.     Parsani is constructed through an assemblage of anonymous remembrances, fragmented writings, and obscure  commentary.  His  “newly  discovered  notes” are the cause of the “tumultuous discussion” and “fe-verish excitement” that will form the bulk of the text.3At its most banal level, the manuscript Cyclonopediais  a  posthumous  collaboration  between  Parsani  and the distributed anonymous author-collective Hypersti-tion, is narrated by or addressed to the fictional quan-tity  Reza  Negarestani,  and  is  edited,  introduced, annotated and ruthlessly deformed by Kristen Alvan-son.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Marshall, Kate</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">What is a Hermeneutic Light?</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Alexander R. Galloway</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Alexander R.</NamesBeforeKey>
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            <Affiliation>New York University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Of the many unresolved debates surrounding the work of Martin Heidegger, one often returns to an elemental question: is Heideggerian phenomenology ultimately a question  of  hermeneutics  and  interpretation,  or  is  it ultimately  a  question  of  immanence  and  truth?  Is Dasein  forever  questing  after  a  Being  that  withdraws, or  does  it  somehow  achieve  a  primordial  communion with the truth of Being?  Hermeneutics  has  been  a  dominant  methodology for  the  tradition  of  theory  and  critique  dating  to  the 1960s.  Hence  it  is  not  surprising  that  Heidegger,  who was  being  rediscovered  and  rethought  during  that  pe-riod, would often be framed in terms of hermeneutics. To  be  sure,  the  critical  tradition  handed  down  from poststructuralism  leaves  little  room  for  modes  of  im-manence  and  immediacy,  modes  that  were  marginal-ized  as  essentialist  or  otherwise  unpleasant  (often  for good  reason).  Thus  it  would  be  easy  to  assimilate  a figure like Heidegger, with his complicated withdraw-ings  of  Being,  into  the  tradition  of  hermeneutics.  For where  else  would  he  fit?  And  one  will  admit  that Heidegger  is typically  categorized  within  this  tradi-tion. But is it not also possible to show that Heidegger is  a  philosopher  of  immanence?  That  he  speaks  as much to illumination as to withdrawal? That he speak as  much  to  the  intuitive  and  proximate  as  to  the  de-tached and distanced?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Of the many unresolved debates surrounding the work of Martin Heidegger, one often returns to an elemental question: is Heideggerian phenomenology ultimately a question  of  hermeneutics  and  interpretation,  or  is  it ultimately  a  question  of  immanence  and  truth?  Is Dasein  forever  questing  after  a  Being  that  withdraws, or  does  it  somehow  achieve  a  primordial  communion with the truth of Being?  Hermeneutics  has  been  a  dominant  methodology for  the  tradition  of  theory  and  critique  dating  to  the 1960s.  Hence  it  is  not  surprising  that  Heidegger,  who was  being  rediscovered  and  rethought  during  that  pe-riod, would often be framed in terms of hermeneutics. To  be  sure,  the  critical  tradition  handed  down  from poststructuralism  leaves  little  room  for  modes  of  im-manence  and  immediacy,  modes  that  were  marginal-ized  as  essentialist  or  otherwise  unpleasant  (often  for good  reason).  Thus  it  would  be  easy  to  assimilate  a figure like Heidegger, with his complicated withdraw-ings  of  Being,  into  the  tradition  of  hermeneutics.  For where  else  would  he  fit?  And  one  will  admit  that Heidegger  is typically  categorized  within  this  tradi-tion. But is it not also possible to show that Heidegger is  a  philosopher  of  immanence?  That  he  speaks  as much to illumination as to withdrawal? That he speak as  much  to  the  intuitive  and  proximate  as  to  the  de-tached and distanced?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Black Infinity; or, Oil Discovers Humans</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Eugene Thacker</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In  1964,  the  horror  and  fantasy  author  Fritz  Leiber published  a  short  story  entitled  “Black  Gondolier,” which appeared in the Arkham House anthology Over the Edge, and was subsequently reprinted in the Ace Double volume Night Monsters. In this story, an un-named narrator tells of the mysterious disappearance of his friend Daloway, a recluse and autodidact living nearby  oil  fields  in  southern  California.  Daloway,  it seems, began to develop a bizarre and unnatural fascination with oil—not just as a natural resource, and not just as something of geopolitical value, but with oil in itself as an ancient and enigmatic manifestation of the hidden  world.  Over  time  Daloway’s  conversations with the narrator begin to take on the form of mystical visions, described by Daloway as a kind of gothic, fu-nereal ooze:.  .  .  that  black  and  nefarious  essence  of  all life that had ever been, constituting in fact a great deep-digged black graveyard of the ul-timate eldritch past with blackest ghosts, oil had waited for hundreds of millions of years, dreaming  its  black  dreams,  sluggishly  puls-ing beneath Earth’s stony skin, quivering in lightless pools roofed with marsh gas and in top-filled rocky tanks and coursing through a myriad channels . . .&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In  1964,  the  horror  and  fantasy  author  Fritz  Leiber published  a  short  story  entitled  “Black  Gondolier,” which appeared in the Arkham House anthology Over the Edge, and was subsequently reprinted in the Ace Double volume Night Monsters. In this story, an un-named narrator tells of the mysterious disappearance of his friend Daloway, a recluse and autodidact living nearby  oil  fields  in  southern  California.  Daloway,  it seems, began to develop a bizarre and unnatural fascination with oil—not just as a natural resource, and not just as something of geopolitical value, but with oil in itself as an ancient and enigmatic manifestation of the hidden  world.  Over  time  Daloway’s  conversations with the narrator begin to take on the form of mystical visions, described by Daloway as a kind of gothic, fu-nereal ooze:.  .  .  that  black  and  nefarious  essence  of  all life that had ever been, constituting in fact a great deep-digged black graveyard of the ul-timate eldritch past with blackest ghosts, oil had waited for hundreds of millions of years, dreaming  its  black  dreams,  sluggishly  puls-ing beneath Earth’s stony skin, quivering in lightless pools roofed with marsh gas and in top-filled rocky tanks and coursing through a myriad channels . . .&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Gourmandized in the Abattoir of Openness</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Nicola Masciandaro</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>Brooklyn College</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Cyclonopedia is a book that opens Earth to the divini-ty  of  reality.  The  intoxicating  effect  of  its  theory-fiction terror is to defuse the double, mutual hostage-taking of philosophy and religion, their shared aporet-ic  stand-off  according  to  which  reality  remains  the occluded  object  of  fiction  and  divinity  the  eclipsed object of theory. Here theory-fiction is not a cool new hybrid  capable  of  synthesizing  and  rescripting  their domains  towards  an  iterable  new  science  or  disci-pline. It is not about unifying and resolving their dou-ble truth. Instead the book is a trisonic betrayal that is treacherously  against  both  via  treason  of  each  to  the other. Cyclonopedia  thus  takes  place  in  a  new  time that it instantiates and narrates: Incognitum Hactenus, or  anonymous-until-Now,  “a  double-dealing  mode  of time connecting abyssal time scales to our chronologi-cal time, thus exposing us to the horror of times be-yond.”   Anonymous-until-Now   is   the   time   of Cyclonopedic writing, the date of this symposium, an evental logic that deals with local and cosmic time as it does with fiction and theory. In this time, “things leak into each other according to a logic that does not belong to us and cannot be correlated to our chrono-logical time.”Chronos leaks into theory (the vision of aiôn), aiôn  leaks  into  fiction  (the  narration  of chronos). Inverting the messianic now wherein time is kairically suspended above chronicity as “the time we need to make time end: the time that is left us [il tem-po  che  ci  resta],”Cyclonopedia  chronically  inters kairos  into  a  time  we  no  longer  need  to  make  time begin: the time that never was ours. Now that all life is over, every moment is opportune, the time of human gods and divine demons, a present stretching far be-yond the limits of past and future. In place of the ex-pectation  of  resurrection  the  book  offers  a  funerary feast: “God turns himself into a good meal for the hu-man,  the  earth  and  the  outside.”  In  place  of  Arma-geddon  it  offers  the  terrestrial  playground  of  White War,  the  abode  of  unbounded,  as  opposed  to  final, conflict,  “at  once  the  white  of  impenetrable  fog  and the color of peace.” Incognitum Hactenus is a revolu-tionary  enthymeme  or  argument-without-assumption, applicable in all spheres, that stabs at the heart of the mutual exclusiveness of plans and peace, the wanting-to-have-it-both-ways  of  human  worry  whose  global monument is the Middle East Peace Plan.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Cyclonopedia is a book that opens Earth to the divini-ty  of  reality.  The  intoxicating  effect  of  its  theory-fiction terror is to defuse the double, mutual hostage-taking of philosophy and religion, their shared aporet-ic  stand-off  according  to  which  reality  remains  the occluded  object  of  fiction  and  divinity  the  eclipsed object of theory. Here theory-fiction is not a cool new hybrid  capable  of  synthesizing  and  rescripting  their domains  towards  an  iterable  new  science  or  disci-pline. It is not about unifying and resolving their dou-ble truth. Instead the book is a trisonic betrayal that is treacherously  against  both  via  treason  of  each  to  the other. Cyclonopedia  thus  takes  place  in  a  new  time that it instantiates and narrates: Incognitum Hactenus, or  anonymous-until-Now,  “a  double-dealing  mode  of time connecting abyssal time scales to our chronologi-cal time, thus exposing us to the horror of times be-yond.”   Anonymous-until-Now   is   the   time   of Cyclonopedic writing, the date of this symposium, an evental logic that deals with local and cosmic time as it does with fiction and theory. In this time, “things leak into each other according to a logic that does not belong to us and cannot be correlated to our chrono-logical time.”Chronos leaks into theory (the vision of aiôn), aiôn  leaks  into  fiction  (the  narration  of chronos). Inverting the messianic now wherein time is kairically suspended above chronicity as “the time we need to make time end: the time that is left us [il tem-po  che  ci  resta],”Cyclonopedia  chronically  inters kairos  into  a  time  we  no  longer  need  to  make  time begin: the time that never was ours. Now that all life is over, every moment is opportune, the time of human gods and divine demons, a present stretching far be-yond the limits of past and future. In place of the ex-pectation  of  resurrection  the  book  offers  a  funerary feast: “God turns himself into a good meal for the hu-man,  the  earth  and  the  outside.”  In  place  of  Arma-geddon  it  offers  the  terrestrial  playground  of  White War,  the  abode  of  unbounded,  as  opposed  to  final, conflict,  “at  once  the  white  of  impenetrable  fog  and the color of peace.” Incognitum Hactenus is a revolu-tionary  enthymeme  or  argument-without-assumption, applicable in all spheres, that stabs at the heart of the mutual exclusiveness of plans and peace, the wanting-to-have-it-both-ways  of  human  worry  whose  global monument is the Middle East Peace Plan.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Masciandaro, Nicola</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Phileas Fogg, or the Cyclonic Passepartout</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">on the Alchemical Elements of War</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Dan Mellamphy</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Dan</NamesBeforeKey>
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            <Affiliation>Western University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Chemistry  (alchemy)  begins  with  decay.  Stripped  be-fore  the  mess-agents  of  decay,  one  can  always  ask, “isn’t  thought  a  gaseous  rot?”  .  .  .  the  question  rever-berates cancerously through the fetid air. Resistance to decay is both futile and fertile. But then, what is fertil-ity in the sense of resistance toward decay? There is a yawning horror in this question.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Chemistry  (alchemy)  begins  with  decay.  Stripped  be-fore  the  mess-agents  of  decay,  one  can  always  ask, “isn’t  thought  a  gaseous  rot?”  .  .  .  the  question  rever-berates cancerously through the fetid air. Resistance to decay is both futile and fertile. But then, what is fertil-ity in the sense of resistance toward decay? There is a yawning horror in this question.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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          <CopyrightOwner>
            <PersonName>Mellamphy, Dan</PersonName>
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            <PersonName>Mellamphy, Nandita Biswas</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">The Untimely (and Unshapely) Decomposition of Onto-Epistemological Solidity</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Negarestani's Cyclonopedia as Metaphysics</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Ben Woodard</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>Leuphana University of Lüneburg</Affiliation>
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            <WebsiteDescription>Own website</WebsiteDescription>
            <WebsiteLink>https://naughtthought.wordpress.com/</WebsiteLink>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This  paper  asserts  that  Negarestani’s Cyclonopedia  is at  its  core  a  metaphysical  text,  a  claim  which  I  then force into complicity with a critique and reworking of the  philosophical  category  of  becoming.  While  not often  discussed  explicitly,  becoming  appears  in  Ne-garestani’s work as different mutations—as the mathe-sis of decay, as the cosmic liquidity of blobjectivity, of trisonomy, and of the dissected spiral. Becoming,  whether  organically  or  inorganically vitalist  (DeleuzoGuattarian  or  otherwise),  Bergsonally imagistic, or experientially Whiteheadian or Jamesian, has historically remained too wedded to the power of reason. Ratiocination, as a power, is one too grounded, as  it  purports  to  sufficiently  probe  the  meandering flows  of  becoming  without  recognizing  itself  as  a  re-sult of other powers, processes and so on. This stream-ing conundrum reaches hyper-activity in Nick Land’s work.  While  Land  rightly  molds  thought  into  a  pro-ductive process, Land’s negation of representation and total destratification of materiality, as Ray Brassier has recently noted, raises the problem of individuation in a  cosmos  of  only  schizoid  intensification.  Negaresta-ni’s  work,  while  indebted  to  Land,  contrarily  locates such  intensification  in  an  ever  exteriorized  absolute, in  the  strands  of  materiality  as  a  process  placing  Ne-garestani’s  work  between  a  mad  black  Deleuzianism and a mad black Schellingianism. In order to dissect the metaphysical core of Cyclonopedia, this paper will engage  the conceptual  couplets  ground/unground,  in-terior/exterior (spatial and temporal) and a blackened becoming via the pivotal concept of the twist.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This  paper  asserts  that  Negarestani’s Cyclonopedia  is at  its  core  a  metaphysical  text,  a  claim  which  I  then force into complicity with a critique and reworking of the  philosophical  category  of  becoming.  While  not often  discussed  explicitly,  becoming  appears  in  Ne-garestani’s work as different mutations—as the mathe-sis of decay, as the cosmic liquidity of blobjectivity, of trisonomy, and of the dissected spiral. Becoming,  whether  organically  or  inorganically vitalist  (DeleuzoGuattarian  or  otherwise),  Bergsonally imagistic, or experientially Whiteheadian or Jamesian, has historically remained too wedded to the power of reason. Ratiocination, as a power, is one too grounded, as  it  purports  to  sufficiently  probe  the  meandering flows  of  becoming  without  recognizing  itself  as  a  re-sult of other powers, processes and so on. This stream-ing conundrum reaches hyper-activity in Nick Land’s work.  While  Land  rightly  molds  thought  into  a  pro-ductive process, Land’s negation of representation and total destratification of materiality, as Ray Brassier has recently noted, raises the problem of individuation in a  cosmos  of  only  schizoid  intensification.  Negaresta-ni’s  work,  while  indebted  to  Land,  contrarily  locates such  intensification  in  an  ever  exteriorized  absolute, in  the  strands  of  materiality  as  a  process  placing  Ne-garestani’s  work  between  a  mad  black  Deleuzianism and a mad black Schellingianism. In order to dissect the metaphysical core of Cyclonopedia, this paper will engage  the conceptual  couplets  ground/unground,  in-terior/exterior (spatial and temporal) and a blackened becoming via the pivotal concept of the twist.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Woodard, Ben</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">...Or Speaking with the Alien, a Refrain...</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Edward Keller</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">A Brief History of Geotrauma</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Robin Mackay</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Freud, Ferenczi, Lovecraft, Bodkin, Challenger, Cane, Barker, Land, Parsani. Unilkely characters. Crackpots, every one of them. Frauds, fakes, pseudoscientists at best. Indisciplined thinkers breeding speculative mongrels. Hysteria, neuronics, stratoanalysis, schizoanaly-sis, geotraumatics. Through  misinterpretations,  imaginary  convergences, forced couplings and other shady maneouvres lacking in the principled behaviour expected of a scholar, they claimed to have invented a new discipline referred to by various names at various times; but no-one clearly understood  what  the  goals,  methods  or  principles of this new discipline were.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Freud, Ferenczi, Lovecraft, Bodkin, Challenger, Cane, Barker, Land, Parsani. Unilkely characters. Crackpots, every one of them. Frauds, fakes, pseudoscientists at best. Indisciplined thinkers breeding speculative mongrels. Hysteria, neuronics, stratoanalysis, schizoanaly-sis, geotraumatics. Through  misinterpretations,  imaginary  convergences, forced couplings and other shady maneouvres lacking in the principled behaviour expected of a scholar, they claimed to have invented a new discipline referred to by various names at various times; but no-one clearly understood  what  the  goals,  methods  or  principles of this new discipline were.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">An Inhuman Fiction of Forces</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>McKenzie Wark</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>McKenzie</NamesBeforeKey>
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            <Affiliation>New School</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;‘The Domain of Arnheim’ is a strange story by Edgar Allan Poe, in which a young man who inherits an in-credible fortune decides to spend it, not on buying art but on fashioning a landscape. Poe also imagines the Earth seen from space as itself a complete work of art. He anticipates the real ends of modernism. Is not the totality of all our endeavors, all our so-cial relations, tending towards the making over of the planet as a total work of art? This theme of a secular, aesthetic  destiny  has  its  roots  in  Romanticism,  but lately it has lost its more optimistic cast. What if the work of art into which the word turns excluded the presence of its own makers? What if its creation de-stroys the biological possibility of human life on the planet?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;‘The Domain of Arnheim’ is a strange story by Edgar Allan Poe, in which a young man who inherits an in-credible fortune decides to spend it, not on buying art but on fashioning a landscape. Poe also imagines the Earth seen from space as itself a complete work of art. He anticipates the real ends of modernism. Is not the totality of all our endeavors, all our so-cial relations, tending towards the making over of the planet as a total work of art? This theme of a secular, aesthetic  destiny  has  its  roots  in  Romanticism,  but lately it has lost its more optimistic cast. What if the work of art into which the word turns excluded the presence of its own makers? What if its creation de-stroys the biological possibility of human life on the planet?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Root the Earth</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">On Peak Oil Apophenia</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Benjamin H. Bratton</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>University of California, San Diego</Affiliation>
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            <Affiliation>European Graduate School</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;After the end of the world, what is the polity of the inhuman? What is its government of energy? It is programmatic reconfigurability: a general economy of plasticity.  It  extends  around  the  anthropomorphic physiognomy of architecture and toward an acephalic geography  emerging  in the  image  of  strong  computa-tional equivalence. The prototype of an indeterminate future  government  is  positioned  by  an  encounter  be-tween  that  equivalence  and  the  numinous  decay  of ecological entropy and negentropy: oil as body of the world, and the “worlding” of the body of oil. Peak oil, and after. Reza  Negarestani’s  own  program  in  his  theoreti-cal-novel, Cyclonopedia,  is  both  geography  and geophilosophy, yes, but also geopolitics, in the specif-ic sense of a Jamesonian geopolitical aesthetic.1 I wish to instrumentalize the text and to de-metaphorize its obsessions, and to link these to those of another short text of my own: “The language of utopia has shifted. The cybernetics of scenario planning has given way to the apophenia of eschatology. Is geopolitics but a Dark Side  of  the  Rainbow  effect?  With  this  shift,  information  becomes  unmanageable,  non-linear,  associa-tive,  arbitrary.  Anything  is  enrolled  into  the  local rhetoric of conspiracy . . .”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;After the end of the world, what is the polity of the inhuman? What is its government of energy? It is programmatic reconfigurability: a general economy of plasticity.  It  extends  around  the  anthropomorphic physiognomy of architecture and toward an acephalic geography  emerging  in the  image  of  strong  computa-tional equivalence. The prototype of an indeterminate future  government  is  positioned  by  an  encounter  be-tween  that  equivalence  and  the  numinous  decay  of ecological entropy and negentropy: oil as body of the world, and the “worlding” of the body of oil. Peak oil, and after. Reza  Negarestani’s  own  program  in  his  theoreti-cal-novel, Cyclonopedia,  is  both  geography  and geophilosophy, yes, but also geopolitics, in the specif-ic sense of a Jamesonian geopolitical aesthetic.1 I wish to instrumentalize the text and to de-metaphorize its obsessions, and to link these to those of another short text of my own: “The language of utopia has shifted. The cybernetics of scenario planning has given way to the apophenia of eschatology. Is geopolitics but a Dark Side  of  the  Rainbow  effect?  With  this  shift,  information  becomes  unmanageable,  non-linear,  associa-tive,  arbitrary.  Anything  is  enrolled  into  the  local rhetoric of conspiracy . . .”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Bratton, Benjamin H.</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Dustism</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Alisa Andrasek</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Alisa</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Andrasek</KeyNames>
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            <Affiliation>University College London</Affiliation>
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              <IDValue>04ttjf776</IDValue>
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            <Affiliation>RMIT University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In  order  to  resonate  complexity,  Biothing  needed  to open a mutable ground that can absorb and synthesize various agencies acting within complexity of transient ecologies.  Its  evolution  was  paralleled  with  de‐evolution  of  its  building  blocks.  In  order to increase the  resolution  of  the  fabric  of  architecture,  its  resili-ence and ability to migrate through multiple fabrics of matter,  modes of construction and organizational pat-terns,  it  was  necessary  to  descend  to  finer  grains  of generative building blocks, where the design search is performed  within  constellations  of  billions  of  parti-cles.  Data architecture. Voxelized storm encapsulating N dimensions. Dustism.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In  order  to  resonate  complexity,  Biothing  needed  to open a mutable ground that can absorb and synthesize various agencies acting within complexity of transient ecologies.  Its  evolution  was  paralleled  with  de‐evolution  of  its  building  blocks.  In  order to increase the  resolution  of  the  fabric  of  architecture,  its  resili-ence and ability to migrate through multiple fabrics of matter,  modes of construction and organizational pat-terns,  it  was  necessary  to  descend  to  finer  grains  of generative building blocks, where the design search is performed  within  constellations  of  billions  of  parti-cles.  Data architecture. Voxelized storm encapsulating N dimensions. Dustism.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Andrasek, Alisa</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Queerness, Openness</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Zach Blas</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The state of queer theory today is somewhere between death  and  life.  Since  Teresa  de  Lauretis  coined  the term  at  a  conference  at  the  University  of  California Santa  Cruz  in  1990,  this body  of  theoretical  work,  it has been claimed, has quickly peaked—or reached an impasse—within the last 15-20 years. In fact, de Lau-retis gave up on the term only after three years, claim-ing  that  “queer”  had  already  been  taken  over  by  the various mainstream institutions and establishments it was created to resist against.  Yet, if queer theory always promises an openness to its future and constantly insists on its inability to be pinned down or limited, what has happened to queer theory, when so many proclaim its usefulness is over or  pronounce  its  outright  death.  There  are  many thoughts,  suggestions,  and  disagreements  about  this: while some suggest queer theory never made good on its promise of openness, others note that queer theo-ry’s very openness and amorphousness fatally diluted it.  Perhaps  the  problem  with  the  “peaking  of  queer theory,”1 as David Ruffolo calls it, is that queer theory has not been open enough.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The state of queer theory today is somewhere between death  and  life.  Since  Teresa  de  Lauretis  coined  the term  at  a  conference  at  the  University  of  California Santa  Cruz  in  1990,  this body  of  theoretical  work,  it has been claimed, has quickly peaked—or reached an impasse—within the last 15-20 years. In fact, de Lau-retis gave up on the term only after three years, claim-ing  that  “queer”  had  already  been  taken  over  by  the various mainstream institutions and establishments it was created to resist against.  Yet, if queer theory always promises an openness to its future and constantly insists on its inability to be pinned down or limited, what has happened to queer theory, when so many proclaim its usefulness is over or  pronounce  its  outright  death.  There  are  many thoughts,  suggestions,  and  disagreements  about  this: while some suggest queer theory never made good on its promise of openness, others note that queer theo-ry’s very openness and amorphousness fatally diluted it.  Perhaps  the  problem  with  the  “peaking  of  queer theory,”1 as David Ruffolo calls it, is that queer theory has not been open enough.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Blas, Zach</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Non-Oedipal Networks and the Inorganic Unconscious</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Melanie Doherty</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;er  being  mysteriously  invited  to  this  confer-ence out of the blue last fall and despite my reserva-tions  and  anxieties,  I  am  here  with  a  mixture  of trepidation and curiosity. I was called out of nowhere, like  Josef  K.  called  to  the  castle.  I  have  wondered many times how I ended up on the radar of the indi-viduals involved, and Reza Negarestani’s radar in par-ticular.  I  will  not  pretend  to  understand  the  engine behind this not entirely unpleasant experience of par-anoia that I’ve been feeling for the past few months as I  read  and  reread Cyclonopedia.  As  a  good  hysteri-cized academic who still falls victim to the Discourse of  the  University,  one  who  uses  excessive  Post-It© notes and checks footnotes, I read the text initially as a traditional book, but then I began to search beyond the original  text  on  website  after  website  after  website, following the clues left initially in Kristen Alvanson’s journal. As I began burrowing through the archives, mole-like, I started to suspect a ludic collective throb-bing  behind every  cold discussion  on Hyperstition,2every blog post and journal article, every conference announcement and facebook page, and perhaps lingering behind every page of the book as well. I began to see connections to the text everywhere online: trisons and weaponized rats, 9s and 11s, solar capitalism, Tel-lurian lubricant, xenopoetics! I giggled aloud with a tinge of hysteria when I saw that the date of the con-ference was indeed March 11—the same date as the first page of the Cyclonopedia manuscript itself! What grand  and  terrifying  organizing  skills  were  these?3What spell had been cast around me to make my hold on  reality  feel  so  tenuous?  My  Oedipa  complex reached fever pitch as I read articles in Collapse, the history of the CCRU, Nick Land’s The Thirst for Anni-hilation,  and  tracked  the  unfolding  debates  within Speculative  Realism.  Terror  fractals  radiated  out  of unexpected civilian spaces. Plotholes unfurling vulvi-cally inside plotholes. And, finally, I suspected that I had plunged to a new depth in the molten magma core of my insanity when I woke up last Saturday morning to see this lead news story on the web: “Fox News Ex-clusive  :  NASA  Scientist  Claims  Evidence  of  Alien Life on Meteorite!” (Because of the contingency of my current  geographic  location  in  Macon,  GA,  and  the wonders of Web 2.0, FOX news often pops up first on my browser. Not by choice.)&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;er  being  mysteriously  invited  to  this  confer-ence out of the blue last fall and despite my reserva-tions  and  anxieties,  I  am  here  with  a  mixture  of trepidation and curiosity. I was called out of nowhere, like  Josef  K.  called  to  the  castle.  I  have  wondered many times how I ended up on the radar of the indi-viduals involved, and Reza Negarestani’s radar in par-ticular.  I  will  not  pretend  to  understand  the  engine behind this not entirely unpleasant experience of par-anoia that I’ve been feeling for the past few months as I  read  and  reread Cyclonopedia.  As  a  good  hysteri-cized academic who still falls victim to the Discourse of  the  University,  one  who  uses  excessive  Post-It© notes and checks footnotes, I read the text initially as a traditional book, but then I began to search beyond the original  text  on  website  after  website  after  website, following the clues left initially in Kristen Alvanson’s journal. As I began burrowing through the archives, mole-like, I started to suspect a ludic collective throb-bing  behind every  cold discussion  on Hyperstition,2every blog post and journal article, every conference announcement and facebook page, and perhaps lingering behind every page of the book as well. I began to see connections to the text everywhere online: trisons and weaponized rats, 9s and 11s, solar capitalism, Tel-lurian lubricant, xenopoetics! I giggled aloud with a tinge of hysteria when I saw that the date of the con-ference was indeed March 11—the same date as the first page of the Cyclonopedia manuscript itself! What grand  and  terrifying  organizing  skills  were  these?3What spell had been cast around me to make my hold on  reality  feel  so  tenuous?  My  Oedipa  complex reached fever pitch as I read articles in Collapse, the history of the CCRU, Nick Land’s The Thirst for Anni-hilation,  and  tracked  the  unfolding  debates  within Speculative  Realism.  Terror  fractals  radiated  out  of unexpected civilian spaces. Plotholes unfurling vulvi-cally inside plotholes. And, finally, I suspected that I had plunged to a new depth in the molten magma core of my insanity when I woke up last Saturday morning to see this lead news story on the web: “Fox News Ex-clusive  :  NASA  Scientist  Claims  Evidence  of  Alien Life on Meteorite!” (Because of the contingency of my current  geographic  location  in  Macon,  GA,  and  the wonders of Web 2.0, FOX news often pops up first on my browser. Not by choice.)&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Symptomatic Horror</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Lovecraft's "The Colour out of Space"</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Anthony Sciscione</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Symptomatic horror describes works that attempt to encounter the radically non-human without recourse to  ontological  presence  and  positive  conceptualiza-tion,  instead  channeling  the  incompatible  agency through its effects on the landscape and representing it in the text primarily with reference to the discursive and hermeneutic gaps it occasions. In H.P. Lovecraft’s “The  Colour  Out  of  Space,”  a  classic  work  of  this sort,  a  constitutionally-indeterminate extraterrestrial agency deposited by a meteorite infiltrates a local bio-physical milieu and reengineers it in accordance with its  alien  molecular  agenda.  At  the  same  time,  the agency occupies a liminal dimension with regard to phenomenal (extensive) space by nesting in the inter-stice between object and quality and also suggesting itself just beyond the borders of perception by sounds sensed  only  at  “moments  where  consciousness [seems]  to  half  slip  away.”  The  habits  of  “stealthy listening” and obsessive nocturnal watching the Gard-ners develop thus increase its phenomenal availabil-ity,  making  paranoia  a  ‘schizotrategic’  mode  of drawing victims toward it at “the outer limits of de-mon  and  system”  where,  to  borrow  from  Deleuze-Guattari, “the interior forces of earth [and] the exterior forces of chaos...clasp and are wed in a battle whose only criterion and stakes is the earth.” The “xeno-agent” or radical outsider never appears as a discrete entity or individuated substance beyond vague indica-tions of motion and fog, but is revealed only nebulous-ly on the ground (the superficial or visible outside) through symptoms of transmutation and madness. In cosmic horror fiction, radical exteriority tends to re-flect some abyss in cognitive apprehension, a chasm or disjuncture between person and world widened by our profound vulnerability in an aleatory, unfavorable cosmos. The shadow of what we don’t know becomes an  alterior  horror  that  knows  all,  that  stares  back through mist with myriad eyes or takes advantage of solidity’s dependence on void to wriggle out the eye-holes of anthropocentrism. In this paper I will explore symptomatic horror in Lovecraft’s tale through Negar-estani’s “( )hole-complex,” understood as a “machine” by which the xeno-agent as “avatar of absolute exteri-ority” infiltrates the interior of a system and opens it up to the outside (the unhuman) via derangement and disintegration, making what once thrived a dusty sig-nature of human impotence in a world that, the more it opens up to us, the more horrifyingly weird it be-comes.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Symptomatic horror describes works that attempt to encounter the radically non-human without recourse to  ontological  presence  and  positive  conceptualiza-tion,  instead  channeling  the  incompatible  agency through its effects on the landscape and representing it in the text primarily with reference to the discursive and hermeneutic gaps it occasions. In H.P. Lovecraft’s “The  Colour  Out  of  Space,”  a  classic  work  of  this sort,  a  constitutionally-indeterminate extraterrestrial agency deposited by a meteorite infiltrates a local bio-physical milieu and reengineers it in accordance with its  alien  molecular  agenda.  At  the  same  time,  the agency occupies a liminal dimension with regard to phenomenal (extensive) space by nesting in the inter-stice between object and quality and also suggesting itself just beyond the borders of perception by sounds sensed  only  at  “moments  where  consciousness [seems]  to  half  slip  away.”  The  habits  of  “stealthy listening” and obsessive nocturnal watching the Gard-ners develop thus increase its phenomenal availabil-ity,  making  paranoia  a  ‘schizotrategic’  mode  of drawing victims toward it at “the outer limits of de-mon  and  system”  where,  to  borrow  from  Deleuze-Guattari, “the interior forces of earth [and] the exterior forces of chaos...clasp and are wed in a battle whose only criterion and stakes is the earth.” The “xeno-agent” or radical outsider never appears as a discrete entity or individuated substance beyond vague indica-tions of motion and fog, but is revealed only nebulous-ly on the ground (the superficial or visible outside) through symptoms of transmutation and madness. In cosmic horror fiction, radical exteriority tends to re-flect some abyss in cognitive apprehension, a chasm or disjuncture between person and world widened by our profound vulnerability in an aleatory, unfavorable cosmos. The shadow of what we don’t know becomes an  alterior  horror  that  knows  all,  that  stares  back through mist with myriad eyes or takes advantage of solidity’s dependence on void to wriggle out the eye-holes of anthropocentrism. In this paper I will explore symptomatic horror in Lovecraft’s tale through Negar-estani’s “( )hole-complex,” understood as a “machine” by which the xeno-agent as “avatar of absolute exteri-ority” infiltrates the interior of a system and opens it up to the outside (the unhuman) via derangement and disintegration, making what once thrived a dusty sig-nature of human impotence in a world that, the more it opens up to us, the more horrifyingly weird it be-comes.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Cyclonopedia as Novel (A Meditation on Complicity as Inauthenticity)</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Kate Marshall</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The  found  manuscript  comprising  one Cyclono-pedia—that is, the “thick piece of writing” that Kristen Alvanson exhumes from under the bed in her Istanbul hotel room bearing the handwritten name of Reza Ne-garestani—has already begun to deteriorate.1 Our hero-ine notes that “everyone in this manuscript seems to disappear  without  a  trace”  as  she  reads  of  persons who are “characterized by their exit-level.”2 By this description,  the  closest  thing  to  a  character  in  her somnambulist’s  treasure  is  Dr.  Hamid  Parsani,  who has already departed when the manuscript begins.     Parsani is constructed through an assemblage of anonymous remembrances, fragmented writings, and obscure  commentary.  His  “newly  discovered  notes” are the cause of the “tumultuous discussion” and “fe-verish excitement” that will form the bulk of the text.3At its most banal level, the manuscript Cyclonopediais  a  posthumous  collaboration  between  Parsani  and the distributed anonymous author-collective Hypersti-tion, is narrated by or addressed to the fictional quan-tity  Reza  Negarestani,  and  is  edited,  introduced, annotated and ruthlessly deformed by Kristen Alvan-son.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The  found  manuscript  comprising  one Cyclono-pedia—that is, the “thick piece of writing” that Kristen Alvanson exhumes from under the bed in her Istanbul hotel room bearing the handwritten name of Reza Ne-garestani—has already begun to deteriorate.1 Our hero-ine notes that “everyone in this manuscript seems to disappear  without  a  trace”  as  she  reads  of  persons who are “characterized by their exit-level.”2 By this description,  the  closest  thing  to  a  character  in  her somnambulist’s  treasure  is  Dr.  Hamid  Parsani,  who has already departed when the manuscript begins.     Parsani is constructed through an assemblage of anonymous remembrances, fragmented writings, and obscure  commentary.  His  “newly  discovered  notes” are the cause of the “tumultuous discussion” and “fe-verish excitement” that will form the bulk of the text.3At its most banal level, the manuscript Cyclonopediais  a  posthumous  collaboration  between  Parsani  and the distributed anonymous author-collective Hypersti-tion, is narrated by or addressed to the fictional quan-tity  Reza  Negarestani,  and  is  edited,  introduced, annotated and ruthlessly deformed by Kristen Alvan-son.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">What is a Hermeneutic Light?</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Alexander R. Galloway</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Alexander R.</NamesBeforeKey>
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            <Affiliation>New York University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Of the many unresolved debates surrounding the work of Martin Heidegger, one often returns to an elemental question: is Heideggerian phenomenology ultimately a question  of  hermeneutics  and  interpretation,  or  is  it ultimately  a  question  of  immanence  and  truth?  Is Dasein  forever  questing  after  a  Being  that  withdraws, or  does  it  somehow  achieve  a  primordial  communion with the truth of Being?  Hermeneutics  has  been  a  dominant  methodology for  the  tradition  of  theory  and  critique  dating  to  the 1960s.  Hence  it  is  not  surprising  that  Heidegger,  who was  being  rediscovered  and  rethought  during  that  pe-riod, would often be framed in terms of hermeneutics. To  be  sure,  the  critical  tradition  handed  down  from poststructuralism  leaves  little  room  for  modes  of  im-manence  and  immediacy,  modes  that  were  marginal-ized  as  essentialist  or  otherwise  unpleasant  (often  for good  reason).  Thus  it  would  be  easy  to  assimilate  a figure like Heidegger, with his complicated withdraw-ings  of  Being,  into  the  tradition  of  hermeneutics.  For where  else  would  he  fit?  And  one  will  admit  that Heidegger  is typically  categorized  within  this  tradi-tion. But is it not also possible to show that Heidegger is  a  philosopher  of  immanence?  That  he  speaks  as much to illumination as to withdrawal? That he speak as  much  to  the  intuitive  and  proximate  as  to  the  de-tached and distanced?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Of the many unresolved debates surrounding the work of Martin Heidegger, one often returns to an elemental question: is Heideggerian phenomenology ultimately a question  of  hermeneutics  and  interpretation,  or  is  it ultimately  a  question  of  immanence  and  truth?  Is Dasein  forever  questing  after  a  Being  that  withdraws, or  does  it  somehow  achieve  a  primordial  communion with the truth of Being?  Hermeneutics  has  been  a  dominant  methodology for  the  tradition  of  theory  and  critique  dating  to  the 1960s.  Hence  it  is  not  surprising  that  Heidegger,  who was  being  rediscovered  and  rethought  during  that  pe-riod, would often be framed in terms of hermeneutics. To  be  sure,  the  critical  tradition  handed  down  from poststructuralism  leaves  little  room  for  modes  of  im-manence  and  immediacy,  modes  that  were  marginal-ized  as  essentialist  or  otherwise  unpleasant  (often  for good  reason).  Thus  it  would  be  easy  to  assimilate  a figure like Heidegger, with his complicated withdraw-ings  of  Being,  into  the  tradition  of  hermeneutics.  For where  else  would  he  fit?  And  one  will  admit  that Heidegger  is typically  categorized  within  this  tradi-tion. But is it not also possible to show that Heidegger is  a  philosopher  of  immanence?  That  he  speaks  as much to illumination as to withdrawal? That he speak as  much  to  the  intuitive  and  proximate  as  to  the  de-tached and distanced?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <PersonName>Galloway, Alexander R.</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Black Infinity; or, Oil Discovers Humans</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Eugene Thacker</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>New School</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In  1964,  the  horror  and  fantasy  author  Fritz  Leiber published  a  short  story  entitled  “Black  Gondolier,” which appeared in the Arkham House anthology Over the Edge, and was subsequently reprinted in the Ace Double volume Night Monsters. In this story, an un-named narrator tells of the mysterious disappearance of his friend Daloway, a recluse and autodidact living nearby  oil  fields  in  southern  California.  Daloway,  it seems, began to develop a bizarre and unnatural fascination with oil—not just as a natural resource, and not just as something of geopolitical value, but with oil in itself as an ancient and enigmatic manifestation of the hidden  world.  Over  time  Daloway’s  conversations with the narrator begin to take on the form of mystical visions, described by Daloway as a kind of gothic, fu-nereal ooze:.  .  .  that  black  and  nefarious  essence  of  all life that had ever been, constituting in fact a great deep-digged black graveyard of the ul-timate eldritch past with blackest ghosts, oil had waited for hundreds of millions of years, dreaming  its  black  dreams,  sluggishly  puls-ing beneath Earth’s stony skin, quivering in lightless pools roofed with marsh gas and in top-filled rocky tanks and coursing through a myriad channels . . .&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In  1964,  the  horror  and  fantasy  author  Fritz  Leiber published  a  short  story  entitled  “Black  Gondolier,” which appeared in the Arkham House anthology Over the Edge, and was subsequently reprinted in the Ace Double volume Night Monsters. In this story, an un-named narrator tells of the mysterious disappearance of his friend Daloway, a recluse and autodidact living nearby  oil  fields  in  southern  California.  Daloway,  it seems, began to develop a bizarre and unnatural fascination with oil—not just as a natural resource, and not just as something of geopolitical value, but with oil in itself as an ancient and enigmatic manifestation of the hidden  world.  Over  time  Daloway’s  conversations with the narrator begin to take on the form of mystical visions, described by Daloway as a kind of gothic, fu-nereal ooze:.  .  .  that  black  and  nefarious  essence  of  all life that had ever been, constituting in fact a great deep-digged black graveyard of the ul-timate eldritch past with blackest ghosts, oil had waited for hundreds of millions of years, dreaming  its  black  dreams,  sluggishly  puls-ing beneath Earth’s stony skin, quivering in lightless pools roofed with marsh gas and in top-filled rocky tanks and coursing through a myriad channels . . .&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Gourmandized in the Abattoir of Openness</TitleText>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Cyclonopedia is a book that opens Earth to the divini-ty  of  reality.  The  intoxicating  effect  of  its  theory-fiction terror is to defuse the double, mutual hostage-taking of philosophy and religion, their shared aporet-ic  stand-off  according  to  which  reality  remains  the occluded  object  of  fiction  and  divinity  the  eclipsed object of theory. Here theory-fiction is not a cool new hybrid  capable  of  synthesizing  and  rescripting  their domains  towards  an  iterable  new  science  or  disci-pline. It is not about unifying and resolving their dou-ble truth. Instead the book is a trisonic betrayal that is treacherously  against  both  via  treason  of  each  to  the other. Cyclonopedia  thus  takes  place  in  a  new  time that it instantiates and narrates: Incognitum Hactenus, or  anonymous-until-Now,  “a  double-dealing  mode  of time connecting abyssal time scales to our chronologi-cal time, thus exposing us to the horror of times be-yond.”   Anonymous-until-Now   is   the   time   of Cyclonopedic writing, the date of this symposium, an evental logic that deals with local and cosmic time as it does with fiction and theory. In this time, “things leak into each other according to a logic that does not belong to us and cannot be correlated to our chrono-logical time.”Chronos leaks into theory (the vision of aiôn), aiôn  leaks  into  fiction  (the  narration  of chronos). Inverting the messianic now wherein time is kairically suspended above chronicity as “the time we need to make time end: the time that is left us [il tem-po  che  ci  resta],”Cyclonopedia  chronically  inters kairos  into  a  time  we  no  longer  need  to  make  time begin: the time that never was ours. Now that all life is over, every moment is opportune, the time of human gods and divine demons, a present stretching far be-yond the limits of past and future. In place of the ex-pectation  of  resurrection  the  book  offers  a  funerary feast: “God turns himself into a good meal for the hu-man,  the  earth  and  the  outside.”  In  place  of  Arma-geddon  it  offers  the  terrestrial  playground  of  White War,  the  abode  of  unbounded,  as  opposed  to  final, conflict,  “at  once  the  white  of  impenetrable  fog  and the color of peace.” Incognitum Hactenus is a revolu-tionary  enthymeme  or  argument-without-assumption, applicable in all spheres, that stabs at the heart of the mutual exclusiveness of plans and peace, the wanting-to-have-it-both-ways  of  human  worry  whose  global monument is the Middle East Peace Plan.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Cyclonopedia is a book that opens Earth to the divini-ty  of  reality.  The  intoxicating  effect  of  its  theory-fiction terror is to defuse the double, mutual hostage-taking of philosophy and religion, their shared aporet-ic  stand-off  according  to  which  reality  remains  the occluded  object  of  fiction  and  divinity  the  eclipsed object of theory. Here theory-fiction is not a cool new hybrid  capable  of  synthesizing  and  rescripting  their domains  towards  an  iterable  new  science  or  disci-pline. It is not about unifying and resolving their dou-ble truth. Instead the book is a trisonic betrayal that is treacherously  against  both  via  treason  of  each  to  the other. Cyclonopedia  thus  takes  place  in  a  new  time that it instantiates and narrates: Incognitum Hactenus, or  anonymous-until-Now,  “a  double-dealing  mode  of time connecting abyssal time scales to our chronologi-cal time, thus exposing us to the horror of times be-yond.”   Anonymous-until-Now   is   the   time   of Cyclonopedic writing, the date of this symposium, an evental logic that deals with local and cosmic time as it does with fiction and theory. In this time, “things leak into each other according to a logic that does not belong to us and cannot be correlated to our chrono-logical time.”Chronos leaks into theory (the vision of aiôn), aiôn  leaks  into  fiction  (the  narration  of chronos). Inverting the messianic now wherein time is kairically suspended above chronicity as “the time we need to make time end: the time that is left us [il tem-po  che  ci  resta],”Cyclonopedia  chronically  inters kairos  into  a  time  we  no  longer  need  to  make  time begin: the time that never was ours. Now that all life is over, every moment is opportune, the time of human gods and divine demons, a present stretching far be-yond the limits of past and future. In place of the ex-pectation  of  resurrection  the  book  offers  a  funerary feast: “God turns himself into a good meal for the hu-man,  the  earth  and  the  outside.”  In  place  of  Arma-geddon  it  offers  the  terrestrial  playground  of  White War,  the  abode  of  unbounded,  as  opposed  to  final, conflict,  “at  once  the  white  of  impenetrable  fog  and the color of peace.” Incognitum Hactenus is a revolu-tionary  enthymeme  or  argument-without-assumption, applicable in all spheres, that stabs at the heart of the mutual exclusiveness of plans and peace, the wanting-to-have-it-both-ways  of  human  worry  whose  global monument is the Middle East Peace Plan.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Masciandaro, Nicola</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Phileas Fogg, or the Cyclonic Passepartout</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">on the Alchemical Elements of War</Subtitle>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Chemistry  (alchemy)  begins  with  decay.  Stripped  be-fore  the  mess-agents  of  decay,  one  can  always  ask, “isn’t  thought  a  gaseous  rot?”  .  .  .  the  question  rever-berates cancerously through the fetid air. Resistance to decay is both futile and fertile. But then, what is fertil-ity in the sense of resistance toward decay? There is a yawning horror in this question.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Chemistry  (alchemy)  begins  with  decay.  Stripped  be-fore  the  mess-agents  of  decay,  one  can  always  ask, “isn’t  thought  a  gaseous  rot?”  .  .  .  the  question  rever-berates cancerously through the fetid air. Resistance to decay is both futile and fertile. But then, what is fertil-ity in the sense of resistance toward decay? There is a yawning horror in this question.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Mellamphy, Dan</PersonName>
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            <PersonName>Mellamphy, Nandita Biswas</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">The Untimely (and Unshapely) Decomposition of Onto-Epistemological Solidity</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Negarestani's Cyclonopedia as Metaphysics</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Ben Woodard</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>Leuphana University of Lüneburg</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This  paper  asserts  that  Negarestani’s Cyclonopedia  is at  its  core  a  metaphysical  text,  a  claim  which  I  then force into complicity with a critique and reworking of the  philosophical  category  of  becoming.  While  not often  discussed  explicitly,  becoming  appears  in  Ne-garestani’s work as different mutations—as the mathe-sis of decay, as the cosmic liquidity of blobjectivity, of trisonomy, and of the dissected spiral. Becoming,  whether  organically  or  inorganically vitalist  (DeleuzoGuattarian  or  otherwise),  Bergsonally imagistic, or experientially Whiteheadian or Jamesian, has historically remained too wedded to the power of reason. Ratiocination, as a power, is one too grounded, as  it  purports  to  sufficiently  probe  the  meandering flows  of  becoming  without  recognizing  itself  as  a  re-sult of other powers, processes and so on. This stream-ing conundrum reaches hyper-activity in Nick Land’s work.  While  Land  rightly  molds  thought  into  a  pro-ductive process, Land’s negation of representation and total destratification of materiality, as Ray Brassier has recently noted, raises the problem of individuation in a  cosmos  of  only  schizoid  intensification.  Negaresta-ni’s  work,  while  indebted  to  Land,  contrarily  locates such  intensification  in  an  ever  exteriorized  absolute, in  the  strands  of  materiality  as  a  process  placing  Ne-garestani’s  work  between  a  mad  black  Deleuzianism and a mad black Schellingianism. In order to dissect the metaphysical core of Cyclonopedia, this paper will engage  the conceptual  couplets  ground/unground,  in-terior/exterior (spatial and temporal) and a blackened becoming via the pivotal concept of the twist.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This  paper  asserts  that  Negarestani’s Cyclonopedia  is at  its  core  a  metaphysical  text,  a  claim  which  I  then force into complicity with a critique and reworking of the  philosophical  category  of  becoming.  While  not often  discussed  explicitly,  becoming  appears  in  Ne-garestani’s work as different mutations—as the mathe-sis of decay, as the cosmic liquidity of blobjectivity, of trisonomy, and of the dissected spiral. Becoming,  whether  organically  or  inorganically vitalist  (DeleuzoGuattarian  or  otherwise),  Bergsonally imagistic, or experientially Whiteheadian or Jamesian, has historically remained too wedded to the power of reason. Ratiocination, as a power, is one too grounded, as  it  purports  to  sufficiently  probe  the  meandering flows  of  becoming  without  recognizing  itself  as  a  re-sult of other powers, processes and so on. This stream-ing conundrum reaches hyper-activity in Nick Land’s work.  While  Land  rightly  molds  thought  into  a  pro-ductive process, Land’s negation of representation and total destratification of materiality, as Ray Brassier has recently noted, raises the problem of individuation in a  cosmos  of  only  schizoid  intensification.  Negaresta-ni’s  work,  while  indebted  to  Land,  contrarily  locates such  intensification  in  an  ever  exteriorized  absolute, in  the  strands  of  materiality  as  a  process  placing  Ne-garestani’s  work  between  a  mad  black  Deleuzianism and a mad black Schellingianism. In order to dissect the metaphysical core of Cyclonopedia, this paper will engage  the conceptual  couplets  ground/unground,  in-terior/exterior (spatial and temporal) and a blackened becoming via the pivotal concept of the twist.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">...Or Speaking with the Alien, a Refrain...</TitleText>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;“On a global scale, the Solar Rattle is the ultimate mu-sicality: It registers any message-oriented or signaling datastream  as  a  parasitic  sub-noise  ambient  within itself. The Solar Rattle rewrites every datastream as an Unsign, even beyond any pattern of disinformation . . . The   highly   stratified   structure   of   Iono-sphere/Magnetosphere provides the Earth with secret warmachines older than the Sun itself, with which it traps  solar  winds  [high  energy  particles  of  the sun] and  turns  them  into peculiarly planetary sonic enti-ties. Ionospheric strata have been customized and ar-ranged in such a way that they reinforce the earth’s surface with demonic currents and forces by capturing solar winds,  bringing the earth’s surface and its bio-sphere into an immanence with the Sun and the burn-ing  core  of  the  Earth  through  a  sonic  axis”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;“On a global scale, the Solar Rattle is the ultimate mu-sicality: It registers any message-oriented or signaling datastream  as  a  parasitic  sub-noise  ambient  within itself. The Solar Rattle rewrites every datastream as an Unsign, even beyond any pattern of disinformation . . . The   highly   stratified   structure   of   Iono-sphere/Magnetosphere provides the Earth with secret warmachines older than the Sun itself, with which it traps  solar  winds  [high  energy  particles  of  the sun] and  turns  them  into peculiarly planetary sonic enti-ties. Ionospheric strata have been customized and ar-ranged in such a way that they reinforce the earth’s surface with demonic currents and forces by capturing solar winds,  bringing the earth’s surface and its bio-sphere into an immanence with the Sun and the burn-ing  core  of  the  Earth  through  a  sonic  axis”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Receipt of Malice</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Lionel Maunz</PersonName>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In the face of rising authoritarianism and on the heels of urgent struggle, autonomy calls to us. How might we excavate the theory and history of autonomous politics to arrive at new possibilities for radical democracy and the radical imaginary? How can we rethink the ways in which artistic autonomy is theorized and practiced beyond the shrunken horizon of liberal individualism? How might we understand political and artistic autonomies as linked, rather than diametrically opposed? And what role does radical pedagogy have to play in all of this?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Framed by the thought of Cornelius Castoriadis, and engaging with Marxist, Black Radical, and Feminist approaches to liberation, as well as movements such as Occupy, Black Lives Matter, Me Too, Letters on the Autonomy Project understands autonomy to be the capacity of a society, a community or an individual to modify its form. As Castoriadis argues, the struggle for self-determination requires unlimited questioning of the way things are, but also that we do or make something new in light of this interrogation. Autonomy is thus equally a project for thought, for education, for politics, and for art.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Stylistically, these open letters, addressed inclusively to artists, activists, and academics, are modeled on the philosophical letters of Friedrich Schiller on the one hand and the revolutionary communiqués of the Zapatistas on the other. Performing a kind of writing-as-praxis, they seek to grasp the potential of our moment with reference to historical and contemporary instances of political autonomy, notions of artistic autonomy, and art practices that connect the two. They also look at the possibilities of educating for autonomy, which cannot itself be taught. If we are indeed living in a time of creative struggle to remake the whole of society, then an understanding of the autonomy project – and how theory, pedagogy, activism, and art might contribute to it – is of burning relevance.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In the face of rising authoritarianism and on the heels of urgent struggle, autonomy calls to us. How might we excavate the theory and history of autonomous politics to arrive at new possibilities for radical democracy and the radical imaginary? How can we rethink the ways in which artistic autonomy is theorized and practiced beyond the shrunken horizon of liberal individualism? How might we understand political and artistic autonomies as linked, rather than diametrically opposed? And what role does radical pedagogy have to play in all of this?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Framed by the thought of Cornelius Castoriadis, and engaging with Marxist, Black Radical, and Feminist approaches to liberation, as well as movements such as Occupy, Black Lives Matter, Me Too, Letters on the Autonomy Project understands autonomy to be the capacity of a society, a community or an individual to modify its form. As Castoriadis argues, the struggle for self-determination requires unlimited questioning of the way things are, but also that we do or make something new in light of this interrogation. Autonomy is thus equally a project for thought, for education, for politics, and for art.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Stylistically, these open letters, addressed inclusively to artists, activists, and academics, are modeled on the philosophical letters of Friedrich Schiller on the one hand and the revolutionary communiqués of the Zapatistas on the other. Performing a kind of writing-as-praxis, they seek to grasp the potential of our moment with reference to historical and contemporary instances of political autonomy, notions of artistic autonomy, and art practices that connect the two. They also look at the possibilities of educating for autonomy, which cannot itself be taught. If we are indeed living in a time of creative struggle to remake the whole of society, then an understanding of the autonomy project – and how theory, pedagogy, activism, and art might contribute to it – is of burning relevance.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In the face of rising authoritarianism and on the heels of urgent struggle, autonomy calls to us. How might we excavate the theory and history of autonomous politics to arrive at new possibilities for radical democracy and the radical imaginary? How can we rethink the ways in which artistic autonomy is theorized and practiced beyond the shrunken horizon of liberal individualism? How might we understand political and artistic autonomies as linked, rather than diametrically opposed? And what role does radical pedagogy have to play in all of this?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Framed by the thought of Cornelius Castoriadis, and engaging with Marxist, Black Radical, and Feminist approaches to liberation, as well as movements such as Occupy, Black Lives Matter, Me Too, Letters on the Autonomy Project understands autonomy to be the capacity of a society, a community or an individual to modify its form. As Castoriadis argues, the struggle for self-determination requires unlimited questioning of the way things are, but also that we do or make something new in light of this interrogation. Autonomy is thus equally a project for thought, for education, for politics, and for art.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Stylistically, these open letters, addressed inclusively to artists, activists, and academics, are modeled on the philosophical letters of Friedrich Schiller on the one hand and the revolutionary communiqués of the Zapatistas on the other. Performing a kind of writing-as-praxis, they seek to grasp the potential of our moment with reference to historical and contemporary instances of political autonomy, notions of artistic autonomy, and art practices that connect the two. They also look at the possibilities of educating for autonomy, which cannot itself be taught. If we are indeed living in a time of creative struggle to remake the whole of society, then an understanding of the autonomy project – and how theory, pedagogy, activism, and art might contribute to it – is of burning relevance.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In the face of rising authoritarianism and on the heels of urgent struggle, autonomy calls to us. How might we excavate the theory and history of autonomous politics to arrive at new possibilities for radical democracy and the radical imaginary? How can we rethink the ways in which artistic autonomy is theorized and practiced beyond the shrunken horizon of liberal individualism? How might we understand political and artistic autonomies as linked, rather than diametrically opposed? And what role does radical pedagogy have to play in all of this?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Framed by the thought of Cornelius Castoriadis, and engaging with Marxist, Black Radical, and Feminist approaches to liberation, as well as movements such as Occupy, Black Lives Matter, Me Too, Letters on the Autonomy Project understands autonomy to be the capacity of a society, a community or an individual to modify its form. As Castoriadis argues, the struggle for self-determination requires unlimited questioning of the way things are, but also that we do or make something new in light of this interrogation. Autonomy is thus equally a project for thought, for education, for politics, and for art.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Stylistically, these open letters, addressed inclusively to artists, activists, and academics, are modeled on the philosophical letters of Friedrich Schiller on the one hand and the revolutionary communiqués of the Zapatistas on the other. Performing a kind of writing-as-praxis, they seek to grasp the potential of our moment with reference to historical and contemporary instances of political autonomy, notions of artistic autonomy, and art practices that connect the two. They also look at the possibilities of educating for autonomy, which cannot itself be taught. If we are indeed living in a time of creative struggle to remake the whole of society, then an understanding of the autonomy project – and how theory, pedagogy, activism, and art might contribute to it – is of burning relevance.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;If we lived in a liquid world, the concept of a "machine" would make no sense. Liquid life is metaphor and apparatus that discusses the consequences of thinking, working, and living through liquids. It is an irreducible, paradoxical, parallel, planetary-scale material condition, unevenly distributed spatially, but temporally continuous. It is what remains when logical explanations can no longer account for the experiences that we recognize as part of "being alive."&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Liquid Life references a third-millennial understanding of matter that seeks to restore the agency of the liquid soul for an ecological era, which has been banished by reductionist, "brute" materialist discourses and mechanical models of life. Offering an alternative worldview of the living realm through a "new materialist" and "liquid" study of matter, Armstrong conjures forth examples of creatures that do not obey mechanistic concepts like predictability, efficiency, and rationality. With the advent of molecular science, an increasingly persuasive ontology of liquid technologies can be identified. Through the lens of lifelike dynamic droplets, the agency for these systems exists at the interfaces between different fields of matter/energy that respond to highly local effects, with no need for a central organizing system.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Liquid Life seeks an alternative partnership between humanity and the natural world. It provokes a re-invention of the languages of the living realm to open up alternative spaces for exploration, including contributor Rolf Hughes’ "angelology" of language, which explores the transformative invocations of prose poetry, and Simone Ferracina’s graphical notations that help shape our concepts of metabolism, upcycling, and designing with fluids. A conceptual and practical toolset for thinking and designing, liquid life reunites us with the irreducible "soul substance" of living things, which will neither be simply "solved," nor go away.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;If we lived in a liquid world, the concept of a "machine" would make no sense. Liquid life is metaphor and apparatus that discusses the consequences of thinking, working, and living through liquids. It is an irreducible, paradoxical, parallel, planetary-scale material condition, unevenly distributed spatially, but temporally continuous. It is what remains when logical explanations can no longer account for the experiences that we recognize as part of "being alive."&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Liquid Life references a third-millennial understanding of matter that seeks to restore the agency of the liquid soul for an ecological era, which has been banished by reductionist, "brute" materialist discourses and mechanical models of life. Offering an alternative worldview of the living realm through a "new materialist" and "liquid" study of matter, Armstrong conjures forth examples of creatures that do not obey mechanistic concepts like predictability, efficiency, and rationality. With the advent of molecular science, an increasingly persuasive ontology of liquid technologies can be identified. Through the lens of lifelike dynamic droplets, the agency for these systems exists at the interfaces between different fields of matter/energy that respond to highly local effects, with no need for a central organizing system.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Liquid Life seeks an alternative partnership between humanity and the natural world. It provokes a re-invention of the languages of the living realm to open up alternative spaces for exploration, including contributor Rolf Hughes’ "angelology" of language, which explores the transformative invocations of prose poetry, and Simone Ferracina’s graphical notations that help shape our concepts of metabolism, upcycling, and designing with fluids. A conceptual and practical toolset for thinking and designing, liquid life reunites us with the irreducible "soul substance" of living things, which will neither be simply "solved," nor go away.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;For every generic type of monster—ghost, demon, vampire, dragon—there are countless locally specific manifestations, with their own names, traits, and appearances. Such monsters populate all corners of the globe haunting their humans wherever they live. Living with Monsters is a collection of fourteen short pieces of ethnographic fiction (and a more academically inclined introduction and afterword) presenting a playful, spirited, and engaging look at how people live with their respective monsters around the world. They focus on the nitty-gritty dos and don’ts of how to placate spirits in India; how to domesticate Georgian goblins, how to live with aliens, how to avoid being taken by Anito in Taiwan, while simultaneously illuminating the politics of monster–human relations.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In this collection, anthropologists working in fieldsites as diverse as the urban Ghana, the rural US, remote Aboriginal Australia, and the internet present imaginative accounts that demonstrate how thinking with monsters encourages people to contemplate difference, to understand inequality, and to see the world from new angles. Combine monsters with experimental ethnography, and the result is a volume that crackles with creative energy, flouts traditions of ethnographic writing, and pushes anthropology into new terrains.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;For every generic type of monster—ghost, demon, vampire, dragon—there are countless locally specific manifestations, with their own names, traits, and appearances. Such monsters populate all corners of the globe haunting their humans wherever they live. Living with Monsters is a collection of fourteen short pieces of ethnographic fiction (and a more academically inclined introduction and afterword) presenting a playful, spirited, and engaging look at how people live with their respective monsters around the world. They focus on the nitty-gritty dos and don’ts of how to placate spirits in India; how to domesticate Georgian goblins, how to live with aliens, how to avoid being taken by Anito in Taiwan, while simultaneously illuminating the politics of monster–human relations.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In this collection, anthropologists working in fieldsites as diverse as the urban Ghana, the rural US, remote Aboriginal Australia, and the internet present imaginative accounts that demonstrate how thinking with monsters encourages people to contemplate difference, to understand inequality, and to see the world from new angles. Combine monsters with experimental ethnography, and the result is a volume that crackles with creative energy, flouts traditions of ethnographic writing, and pushes anthropology into new terrains.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Introduction</TitleText>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This introduction addresses how anthropological scholarship on monsters poses distinct epistemological challenges not shared by other humanities scholarship on monsters. Anthropologists are living among and writing about fieldwork interlocutors who believe that monstrous beings exist, when often their colleagues do not, placing anthropologists in an ontological bind. By turning to ethnographic fiction, anthropologists are able to explore a different scholarly stance towards this quandary. We discuss the ways in which monsters often are liminal beings both in time and in place. We outline how thinking alongside monsters allows a vantage point for criticizing contemporaneous power relationships and the lingering effects of colonialisms.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This introduction addresses how anthropological scholarship on monsters poses distinct epistemological challenges not shared by other humanities scholarship on monsters. Anthropologists are living among and writing about fieldwork interlocutors who believe that monstrous beings exist, when often their colleagues do not, placing anthropologists in an ontological bind. By turning to ethnographic fiction, anthropologists are able to explore a different scholarly stance towards this quandary. We discuss the ways in which monsters often are liminal beings both in time and in place. We outline how thinking alongside monsters allows a vantage point for criticizing contemporaneous power relationships and the lingering effects of colonialisms.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Cailín Murray is Associate Professor of Anthropology at Ball State University in Muncie, Indiana. She received her MA and PhD in Cultural Anthropology from the University of Washington in 2001. In 2004 she completed a two-year Andrew W. Mellon Postdoctoral Fellowship at Wesleyan University in Connecticut and joined the Ball State faculty. Dr. Murray is an environmental ethnohistorian who studies Indigenous knowledge systems, settler colonialism, and the transformation of historical landscapes. She is particularly interested in how folklore, cultural memory, history, and foodways have informed how landscapes were used in the past and continue to construct and sustain attachments to place in the present. She regularly teaches an undergraduate course about monsters and culture. Dr. Murray has conducted ethnographic and ethnohistorical research primarily along the central Northwest Coast. She is currently researching twentieth-century witch accusations in the US and settler colonialism, religious beliefs, and historical gardening practices in the Great Lakes region. In 2019 she conducted preliminary research in Ireland and hopes to return there in order to explore Connemara’s shell fisheries. She has published in Ethnohistory and other scholarly journals and co-authored with Coll Thrush Phantom Past, Indigenous Presence: Native Ghosts in Culture and History (Nebraska University Press, 2011).&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Wild Man figures are found around the world and seem to always occupy a mythical and liminal space between culture and nature. Among the Native peoples of the Northwest Coast of North America, he is known by different names in various tribal languages. However, terms like Sasquatch or Bigfoot are used locally as a kind of generic reference. Since Indigenous peoples and settler colonial newcomers have reported encounters over the decades since contact, it is important to consider what resources each culture provides to help people make sense of their experiences. I wanted my story to reflect how these meanings shift and how confusing and consequential it can become when non-natives assume they understand tribal/First Nations’ beliefs and experiences based on their own. The character of Sarah illustrates how even well-meaning researchers often approach Indigenous beliefs from what the folklorist David Hufford calls “a tradition of disbelief.” In other words, what they know is truth and what others know is merely “belief.” The story allows readers to ponder the various characters’ actions and what they “know,” and thus, what “really” happened.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Wild Man figures are found around the world and seem to always occupy a mythical and liminal space between culture and nature. Among the Native peoples of the Northwest Coast of North America, he is known by different names in various tribal languages. However, terms like Sasquatch or Bigfoot are used locally as a kind of generic reference. Since Indigenous peoples and settler colonial newcomers have reported encounters over the decades since contact, it is important to consider what resources each culture provides to help people make sense of their experiences. I wanted my story to reflect how these meanings shift and how confusing and consequential it can become when non-natives assume they understand tribal/First Nations’ beliefs and experiences based on their own. The character of Sarah illustrates how even well-meaning researchers often approach Indigenous beliefs from what the folklorist David Hufford calls “a tradition of disbelief.” In other words, what they know is truth and what others know is merely “belief.” The story allows readers to ponder the various characters’ actions and what they “know,” and thus, what “really” happened.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Misty L. Bastian is the Lewis Audenreid Professor of History and Archaeology and Professor of Anthropology at Franklin &amp;amp; Marshall College. Her fieldsites include Nigeria, the USA, and the internet. She has researched mermaids, witches, Neo-Pentecostals, spirits, and ghost hunters, amongst many other topics. She is the author of numerous journal articles and chapters in edited volumes, as well as co-author (with Marc Matera and Susan Kingsley Kent) of The Women's War of 1929: Gender and Violence in Colonial Nigeria (Palgrave Macmillan, 2013).&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Katie, a professional paranormal researcher (a.k.a. ghost hunter) comes to the house of an anthropologist, who undertakes research with paranormal investigators. This time, however, Katie is not a research subject but is there to investigate the anthropologist’s own house – which may or may not be haunted. In the course of the investigation, we learn about how paranormal researchers go about their business, about the relationship between researcher and research subject, and about the anthropologist and her ghosts.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Katie, a professional paranormal researcher (a.k.a. ghost hunter) comes to the house of an anthropologist, who undertakes research with paranormal investigators. This time, however, Katie is not a research subject but is there to investigate the anthropologist’s own house – which may or may not be haunted. In the course of the investigation, we learn about how paranormal researchers go about their business, about the relationship between researcher and research subject, and about the anthropologist and her ghosts.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">A Mare's Field Guide to Monsters in Iceland</TitleText>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Mary Hawkins is a Professor in the School of Social Sciences, Western Sydney University. Mary received her PhD in social anthropology from the University of Sydney and has conducted field research in Indonesia and Iceland. Her recent Iceland focused publications include Helena Onnudottir and Mary Hawkins, “Margt byr i Thokunni – What Dwells in the Mist?” in Monster Anthropology: Ethnographic Interpretations of Transforming Social Worlds Through Monsters (Bloomsbury Academic Press, 2020); and Mary Hawkins and Helena Onnudottir, “From Resurrection and New Dawn to the Pirate Party: Political Party Names as Symbolizing Recent Transformations in the Political Field in Iceland.”&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Helena Onnudottir is a Senior Lecturer in the School of Social Sciences, Western Sydney University. Helena received her PhD in social anthropology from Macquarie University and has conducted field research in Aboriginal Australia and Iceland. Her recent Iceland focused publications include Helena Onnudottir and Mary Hawkins, “Margt byr i Thokunni – What Dwells in the Mist?” In Monster Anthropology: Ethnographic Interpretations of Transforming Social Worlds Through Monsters (Bloomsbury Academic Press, 2020); Hawkins, Mary and Helena Onnudottir, “From Resurrection and New Dawn to the Pirate Party: Political Party Names as Symbolizing Recent Transformations in the Political Field in Iceland” (Politics, Religion and Ideology, 2018).&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Horses came to Iceland with the first settlers in the ninth century. Exploring Iceland was a joint venture between horse and human. Isolated from the horse populations of Europe, the Icelandic horse is recognized as a distinct breed, small in stature but powerfully built and possessing a fifth gait. Horses are useful in agriculture and as a primary means of transport, but equally they have been and still are companions and guides to humans, trusted to convey a half asleep, drunk farmer safely home from a barn dance. In the first few springs of a foal’s life, foal and their dams are released from their home paddocks into the mountains, where grasses and herbs grow and horses roam and forage freely. Horses thus learn their land and mountains, and they know where the path is treacherous and where it opens to a lush valley. It is said that if you are on horseback and lost, drop the reins, and let the horse lead because she will know the way. Horses also learn that the mist may hide dangerous creatures and that caution should be taken in the vicinity of elf dwellings and in the places where trolls may camp. Because of this, a horse is a fitting author of this field guide to Icelandic monsters.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Horses came to Iceland with the first settlers in the ninth century. Exploring Iceland was a joint venture between horse and human. Isolated from the horse populations of Europe, the Icelandic horse is recognized as a distinct breed, small in stature but powerfully built and possessing a fifth gait. Horses are useful in agriculture and as a primary means of transport, but equally they have been and still are companions and guides to humans, trusted to convey a half asleep, drunk farmer safely home from a barn dance. In the first few springs of a foal’s life, foal and their dams are released from their home paddocks into the mountains, where grasses and herbs grow and horses roam and forage freely. Horses thus learn their land and mountains, and they know where the path is treacherous and where it opens to a lush valley. It is said that if you are on horseback and lost, drop the reins, and let the horse lead because she will know the way. Horses also learn that the mist may hide dangerous creatures and that caution should be taken in the vicinity of elf dwellings and in the places where trolls may camp. Because of this, a horse is a fitting author of this field guide to Icelandic monsters.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">On the Prowl</TitleText>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Yasmine Musharbash is Senior Lecturer and Head of Discipline (Anthropology) at the School of Archaeology &amp;amp; Anthropology at the Australian National University. She conducts participant, observation-based research with Warlpiri people in Central Australia with a particular focus on relations: among Warlpiri people on the one hand and between them and non-Indigenous people, fauna, flora, the elements, and monsters, on the other. She is the author of Yuendumu Everyday Contemporary Life in Remote Aboriginal Australia (Aboriginal Studies Press, 2008) and of a number of co-edited volumes, including two about monsters that she co-edited with GH Presterudstuen: Monster Anthropology in Australasia and Beyond (Palgrave Macmillan, 2014) and Monster Anthropology: Ethnographic Explorations of Transforming Social Worlds Through Monsters (Routledge, 2020).&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Justin arrives in a remote Aboriginal town for his new job. Walpa is excited, she is going to start her first job as trainee at the local, Indigenous radio station. Old Makita has seen everything before. But then, Justin’s first workday unfolds differently than he anticipated when the town has to deal with a monster attack on one of their own. Variously observed from the perspectives of a male non-Indigenous professional, a young Aboriginal woman, and a senior law man, the presences of monsters and colonisers in the town take on different meanings, clash, diverge, as well as merge. As events unfold, the parallels between monsters and colonisers come into ever clearer focus, illustrating how expectations of knowledge circulation can conflict, and cause harm.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Justin arrives in a remote Aboriginal town for his new job. Walpa is excited, she is going to start her first job as trainee at the local, Indigenous radio station. Old Makita has seen everything before. But then, Justin’s first workday unfolds differently than he anticipated when the town has to deal with a monster attack on one of their own. Variously observed from the perspectives of a male non-Indigenous professional, a young Aboriginal woman, and a senior law man, the presences of monsters and colonisers in the town take on different meanings, clash, diverge, as well as merge. As events unfold, the parallels between monsters and colonisers come into ever clearer focus, illustrating how expectations of knowledge circulation can conflict, and cause harm.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">"Keep Off the 'Bad Things,' Uncle!"</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">A Tao Child's Perspective on Anito Monsters on Lanyu Island, Taiwan</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Leberecht Funk</PersonName>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Leberecht Funk is a social and cultural anthropologist working in the field of psychological anthropology. In 2019 he obtained his PhD from the Freie Universität Berlin (Germany) for his work on the socialization of emotion among the Tao in Taiwan. He is interested in childhood and socialization, emotion, social relations, and Indigenous cosmologies. His regional focus is East Asia and Southeast Asia. He is the author of Ghosts of Childhood – Socialization of Emotions among the Tao in Taiwan which will be published by transcript in 2022 (in German). Currently he is working on project about “Feeding and the Formation of Social Relationships in Childhood,” which aims at showing that in many world regions it is not emotional intimacy but proactive caregiving which plays a leading role in attachment formation between children and their caregivers.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;How is it like to live with monsters on Lanyu island, Taiwan? In the course of one year, the author has a series of exchanges with a 9-year-old Indigenous Tao girl. She gives him advice how to deal with “bad things,” which is a euphemism for the local Anito monsters who delight in stealing human souls. The monsters, which are never actually encountered, are constantly lurking in the background. Their presence can be perceived by bad smells, unjustified angry reactions, intense negative emotionality, or by viewing a beautiful butterfly or hearing the call of an owl. The girl needs to be constantly aware about the changes in the environment. She has to avoid certain places (such as the cemetery) and stays at home when “bad things” occur (for example, a death in the village). She can never let herself go, as the Anito take advantage of any kind of weakness. For example, when she is in pain, she will not cry out loud. Occasionally she mentions other people from her kinship network, like her grandmother and her elder brother, and explains how they cope with the monsters, or, in the case of her grandfather, temporarily become monsters by means of possession.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;How is it like to live with monsters on Lanyu island, Taiwan? In the course of one year, the author has a series of exchanges with a 9-year-old Indigenous Tao girl. She gives him advice how to deal with “bad things,” which is a euphemism for the local Anito monsters who delight in stealing human souls. The monsters, which are never actually encountered, are constantly lurking in the background. Their presence can be perceived by bad smells, unjustified angry reactions, intense negative emotionality, or by viewing a beautiful butterfly or hearing the call of an owl. The girl needs to be constantly aware about the changes in the environment. She has to avoid certain places (such as the cemetery) and stays at home when “bad things” occur (for example, a death in the village). She can never let herself go, as the Anito take advantage of any kind of weakness. For example, when she is in pain, she will not cry out loud. Occasionally she mentions other people from her kinship network, like her grandmother and her elder brother, and explains how they cope with the monsters, or, in the case of her grandfather, temporarily become monsters by means of possession.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Hunting for Monsters (and Gods)</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">The Making of an Anthropologist</Subtitle>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Indira Arumugam is an anthropologist who works in Tamil Nadu, South India and among the Tamil Diaspora in Singapore and Southeast Asia. She is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Sociology and Anthropology at the National University of Singapore. Her research interests include vernacular political imaginaries, ritual theories and practices, intimate economics of (re)production, modalities of sacrality and monstrosity, play and pleasure and popular Hinduism. Her writings on animal sacrifice, divine agency, rituals, the gift, and kinship have appeared in leading journals of anthropology, religion, and Asian Studies. She is currently working on book on vernacular political theorizing entitled, Visceral Politics: Intimate Imaginaries of Power in South India.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This chapter is about how hunting for monsters, and gods, has become part of how I do ethnographic fieldwork. The village of Vaduvur in Tamil Nadu, South India is where my family originates as well as where I was born and subsequently migrated from. Vaduvur is also my ethnographic field site. Beginning with how fieldwork for my dissertation on sacrificial rituals prompted memories about tales of uncanny fertility spirits called “Mini” told by my mother, this chapter considers how stories have framed the cultivation of an anthropological imagination and sensibility. Dwelling upon how stories constitute a particular village, its past, peoples and ambience, this chapter is specifically concerned with how monstrous beings or at least the myths about them allow for mapping, inhabiting, and staking claims to a place. Drawing both on my memories of the childhood stories and my experiences of doing fieldwork, this chapter relates how the different, manifold, and even contradictory stories about monsters represent competing stakes over a place. Monsters menace. However, they are part of the memories of and enduring moorings to a much-missed home. Monsters pulse with an uncanny charisma that fascinates across spaces, cultures, and time.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This chapter is about how hunting for monsters, and gods, has become part of how I do ethnographic fieldwork. The village of Vaduvur in Tamil Nadu, South India is where my family originates as well as where I was born and subsequently migrated from. Vaduvur is also my ethnographic field site. Beginning with how fieldwork for my dissertation on sacrificial rituals prompted memories about tales of uncanny fertility spirits called “Mini” told by my mother, this chapter considers how stories have framed the cultivation of an anthropological imagination and sensibility. Dwelling upon how stories constitute a particular village, its past, peoples and ambience, this chapter is specifically concerned with how monstrous beings or at least the myths about them allow for mapping, inhabiting, and staking claims to a place. Drawing both on my memories of the childhood stories and my experiences of doing fieldwork, this chapter relates how the different, manifold, and even contradictory stories about monsters represent competing stakes over a place. Monsters menace. However, they are part of the memories of and enduring moorings to a much-missed home. Monsters pulse with an uncanny charisma that fascinates across spaces, cultures, and time.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">How to Domesticate a Georgian Goblin</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Paul Manning</PersonName>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Paul Manning is a Professor of Anthropology at Trent University in Canada. He is the author of three books, Strangers in a Strange Land (Academic Studies Press, 2012); Semiotics of Drinks and Drinking (Continuum/Bloomsbury, 2012); and Love Stories Language, Private Love, and Public Romance in Georgia (University of Toronto Press, 2015). Among his other ethnographic projects, he has written on the “spectral migrations” of various kinds of folkloric monsters in time and space, from Georgian goblins moving from village to the city (2012, 2014, forthcoming), how Cornish mining spirits (knackers) became Transatlantic mining spirits called Tommyknockers (2005), how Cornish Pixies became part of British fairylore (2016), to North American ghosts, spiritualist seances, and “weird” fiction (2017, 2018, 2020, 2021).&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;A fictionalized dialog assembled out of real folkloric narratives of various kinds, the paper acts as an overview of the various kinds of goblins in the folklore of the country of Georgia. A common motif of Georgian imaginings of human-goblin relationships revolves around whether the goblins are homeless (Chinkas, Alis) and therefore can be forcibly domesticated by cutting their unshorn hair or nails; or whether they have a home of their own somewhere (Kajis, Tqashmapa), in which case, they cannot be domesticated to become servants in your household. Each goblin type represents a kind of weird version of a known kind of human generic social other, and the imagined perilous social or sexual relationships one can have with them reveal anxieties about corresponding relationships with ordinary social others, particularly the very large number of female nymph-like spirits, which pointedly dwell on anxieties revolving around exogamous marriage to strangers and marriage by abduction.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;A fictionalized dialog assembled out of real folkloric narratives of various kinds, the paper acts as an overview of the various kinds of goblins in the folklore of the country of Georgia. A common motif of Georgian imaginings of human-goblin relationships revolves around whether the goblins are homeless (Chinkas, Alis) and therefore can be forcibly domesticated by cutting their unshorn hair or nails; or whether they have a home of their own somewhere (Kajis, Tqashmapa), in which case, they cannot be domesticated to become servants in your household. Each goblin type represents a kind of weird version of a known kind of human generic social other, and the imagined perilous social or sexual relationships one can have with them reveal anxieties about corresponding relationships with ordinary social others, particularly the very large number of female nymph-like spirits, which pointedly dwell on anxieties revolving around exogamous marriage to strangers and marriage by abduction.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">A Kappa Manifesto</TitleText>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Michael Dylan Foster is a professor in the Department of East Asian Languages and Cultures at the University of California, Davis. He is the author of The Book of Yōkai: Mysterious Creatures of Japanese Folklore (University of California Press, 2015), Pandemonium and Parade: Japanese Monsters and the Culture of Yōkai (University of California Press, 2009), and numerous articles on folklore, literature, media, and monsters. He also co-edited The Folkloresque: Reframing Folklore in a Popular Culture World (Utah State University Press, 2016) and UNESCO on the Ground: Local Perspectives on Intangible Cultural Heritage (Indiana University Press, 2015). His current project explores discourses of tourism and heritage as they relate to local festivals in Japan.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This essay is written from the perspective of a Kappa, a mischievous and murderous Japanese water sprite. The text is the transcript of a commencement speech delivered by a senior Kappa historian to young Kappa at their graduation from university. While rehearsing the history of the Kappa species, the speaker demonstrates how Kappa have always been able to manipulate human desires for the survival of their own species. In this way, they have evolved from demonic water monsters to cute and seemingly harmless figures and mascots. Arguing that this evolution is strategic and has helped ensure the perpetuation of Kappa, even while other monsters have fallen by the wayside, the historian urges young Kappa to continue to be innovative in infiltrating human culture so that they may remain prominent in human imagination. Providing an introduction to specific historical changes Kappa have undergone within Japanese history, the essay also demonstrates the dynamics by which monstrous figures change through time.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This essay is written from the perspective of a Kappa, a mischievous and murderous Japanese water sprite. The text is the transcript of a commencement speech delivered by a senior Kappa historian to young Kappa at their graduation from university. While rehearsing the history of the Kappa species, the speaker demonstrates how Kappa have always been able to manipulate human desires for the survival of their own species. In this way, they have evolved from demonic water monsters to cute and seemingly harmless figures and mascots. Arguing that this evolution is strategic and has helped ensure the perpetuation of Kappa, even while other monsters have fallen by the wayside, the historian urges young Kappa to continue to be innovative in infiltrating human culture so that they may remain prominent in human imagination. Providing an introduction to specific historical changes Kappa have undergone within Japanese history, the essay also demonstrates the dynamics by which monstrous figures change through time.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">How to Make (and Possibly Un-Make) a Digital Monster</TitleText>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Jeffrey A. Tolbert is professor of American Studies and Folklore at Penn State Harrisburg. His research focuses on vernacular belief and the supernatural, popular, and traditional cultures, and digital ethnography. He is particularly interested in understanding how contemporary people integrate supernatural belief and experience into their daily, technologically mediated lives. He is co-editor (with Michael Dylan Foster) of The Folkloresque: Reframing Folklore in a Popular Culture World (Utah State University Press, 2016). His current monograph project is an exploration of the role of folklore and the folkloresque in the horror genre.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Digital monsters are not present in the “real” – in this case, non-digital – world in the same way as other supernatural creatures. These monsters are “born digital”; that is, they are created with digital tools within digital contexts (e.g., photo and video editors, websites), and are encountered in the genre of expressive culture now known as “Creepypasta,” transmedial, Internet-based narratives about scary, usually supernatural, things. The most famous digital monster is Slender Man, who, despite his fictional status, was cited as the inspiration for real-world acts of violence, most notably the attempted murder of a young girl in Wisconsin in 2014. Traceable to a single creator, but passing through a long, collaborative process of telling and retelling across various Internet fora and media, Slender Man embodies the emergent qualities of much Internet culture.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The story of Mr. Top Hat presented here, framed as a series of blog posts by a fictional anthropologist and reader responses to them, attempts to represent the type of collaborative dynamic that produced and continually reproduces Slender Man. Like Slender Man, “Mr. Top Hat” is surrounded by ambiguity. Are aspects of his story real, despite the evidence of his fictional status? The anthropologist, Dr. Richard Morgan, starts off as a researcher of the social processes that give rise to Creepypasta, but quickly finds that there is more at stake than the creation of a story.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Digital monsters are not present in the “real” – in this case, non-digital – world in the same way as other supernatural creatures. These monsters are “born digital”; that is, they are created with digital tools within digital contexts (e.g., photo and video editors, websites), and are encountered in the genre of expressive culture now known as “Creepypasta,” transmedial, Internet-based narratives about scary, usually supernatural, things. The most famous digital monster is Slender Man, who, despite his fictional status, was cited as the inspiration for real-world acts of violence, most notably the attempted murder of a young girl in Wisconsin in 2014. Traceable to a single creator, but passing through a long, collaborative process of telling and retelling across various Internet fora and media, Slender Man embodies the emergent qualities of much Internet culture.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The story of Mr. Top Hat presented here, framed as a series of blog posts by a fictional anthropologist and reader responses to them, attempts to represent the type of collaborative dynamic that produced and continually reproduces Slender Man. Like Slender Man, “Mr. Top Hat” is surrounded by ambiguity. Are aspects of his story real, despite the evidence of his fictional status? The anthropologist, Dr. Richard Morgan, starts off as a researcher of the social processes that give rise to Creepypasta, but quickly finds that there is more at stake than the creation of a story.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Becoming a Sakawa Boy</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Magic and Modernity in Ghana</Subtitle>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Matthew Gmalifo Mabefam is a lecturer in Development Studies at the University of Melbourne, a Visiting Fellow at the Institute of Postcolonial Studies, and a Diaspora Fellow for African Research and Impact Network. His research focuses on the politics of international development, development in Africa, spirituality, religion, witchcraft, and wellbeing. He obtained his PhD in Anthropology and Development Studies from the University of Melbourne in 2021.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Kalissa Alexeyeff is a senior lecturer in Gender Studies at the University of Melbourne. She specializes in the areas of gender and sexuality, globalization, and development. Her research covers a range of interdisciplinary topics. Her first book Dancing from the Heart: Movement, Gender and Cook Islands Globalization (University of Hawai‘i Press, 2009) explores the significance of dance to Cook Islands femininity throughout colonial history and in its contemporary global manifestations. She is co-editor with Niko Besnier of Gender on the Edge: Transgender, Gay, and Other Pacific Islanders (University of Hawai‘i Press, 2014) which explores alternative sexualities and gender identities in the Pacific region, and with John Taylor Touring Pacific Cultures (Australia National University Press, 2016), a creative collection of Indigenous and non-Indigenous responses to touring and tourism.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Sakawa boys are young internet scammers in Ghana who believe “juju” or magic helps to manipulate their victims into giving them large sums of money. Sakawa boys are recruited primarily from the urban poor and their principal targets are Westerners via the internet. Economic insecurity and entrenched poverty resulting from government corruption, as well as neocolonial global development initiatives, all contribute to a setting where occult economies thrive. The promise of great wealth to be gained through occult sits alongside fear that “juju” turns its users into zombies and can ultimately lead to death. This paper explores the structure and logic of poverty that makes becoming a Sakawa boy a viable survival strategy despite the risks involved.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Sakawa boys are young internet scammers in Ghana who believe “juju” or magic helps to manipulate their victims into giving them large sums of money. Sakawa boys are recruited primarily from the urban poor and their principal targets are Westerners via the internet. Economic insecurity and entrenched poverty resulting from government corruption, as well as neocolonial global development initiatives, all contribute to a setting where occult economies thrive. The promise of great wealth to be gained through occult sits alongside fear that “juju” turns its users into zombies and can ultimately lead to death. This paper explores the structure and logic of poverty that makes becoming a Sakawa boy a viable survival strategy despite the risks involved.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Possession, in Four Voices</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Richard Davis</PersonName>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Richard Davis has long anthropological experience working with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples throughout Australia where he has published on gender (Indigenous Australian masculinities in particular), performance, the frontier, Indigenous epitathic writing, death, and knowledge. He has held academic positions at the Australian National University, University of Western Australia, Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders, and Charles Darwin University. In addition, he has worked as a Senior Anthropologist at the Central Land Council, has advised both the Australian Federal Government and British Museum on protection and repatriation of Indigenous human remains, and prepared anthropological reports for Australian Native title claims. Alongside his academic research and teaching, he has expanded his ethnographic writing into poetry where he has explored issues of embodiment, encounter, and emplacement in fieldwork, publishing his poetry in Anthropology and Humanism, Westerly, and other books and journals. He is currently working as an academic anthropologist for the Australian government.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This chapter links three kinds of possession across different cosmological worlds. The three possessions and cosmologies focus on Christian executive possession, as defined by Emma Cohen, snake ancestor possession at Saibai Island, northwest Torres Strait, and the dream possession of an anthropologist at the same island. Inspired by the multi-perspectivist work of Eduardo Viveiros de Castro and others, the story confers the same ontological status on monsters, spirits, and humans by allowing the possessed and the possessor their own voices. Through this ontological equivalence, two questions are explored in this story. Firstly, what might an immigrant spirit being from a colonising religion look like to an Indigenous spirit being, both of whom are possessing entities? Secondly, what does it mean to be caught up in the mythic fabric of another through the loss of the sovereignty of self-possession? These questions are pursued through a person-within-person narrative technique that allows culturally distinct understandings of evil, ecstasy, and love to be explored.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This chapter links three kinds of possession across different cosmological worlds. The three possessions and cosmologies focus on Christian executive possession, as defined by Emma Cohen, snake ancestor possession at Saibai Island, northwest Torres Strait, and the dream possession of an anthropologist at the same island. Inspired by the multi-perspectivist work of Eduardo Viveiros de Castro and others, the story confers the same ontological status on monsters, spirits, and humans by allowing the possessed and the possessor their own voices. Through this ontological equivalence, two questions are explored in this story. Firstly, what might an immigrant spirit being from a colonising religion look like to an Indigenous spirit being, both of whom are possessing entities? Secondly, what does it mean to be caught up in the mythic fabric of another through the loss of the sovereignty of self-possession? These questions are pursued through a person-within-person narrative technique that allows culturally distinct understandings of evil, ecstasy, and love to be explored.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Ghost (Story) Hunters</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Caitrin Lynch</PersonName>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Caitrin Lynch is the Dean of Faculty and professor of anthropology at Olin College of Engineering. She is the author of two books, Retirement on the Line: Age, Work, and Value in An American Factory (Cornell University Press, 2012) and Juki Girls, Good Girls: Gender and Cultural Politics in Sri Lanka's Global Garment Industry (Cornell University Press, 2007). She also produced the documentary film, My Name is Julius. Her research and teaching passions include examining the dynamics of work and cultural values with a focus on aging and gender as well as the cultural dimensions of offshore manufacturing, plus a commitment to understanding social behavior in global contexts and a devotion to encouraging students to use qualitative methods to think critically about the world around them.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Adam Coppola is a technical trainer working in the software industry. While teaching the ins and outs of software, Adam incorporates lessons on how human needs and values shape technical systems and vice versa. Adam has worked in education and anthropology research, and he is inspired by critical theorists and human rights advocates.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;We visited a 150-year-old New England textile mill, taking a nighttime ghost tour of the Riverway mill and an adjoining abandoned mill that workers call “The Other Side.” The tour let us learn about many of the ghost stories that people at the mill tell each other. These ghost stories circulate in an area of the United States decimated by closures of mills and factories, where rates of unemployment, divorce, school leaving, addiction, and suicides run high. Global capitalism has shrunk the US textile business, and Riverway is no stranger to these global shifts: the mill has many fewer workers than it did in its heyday in the early 1970s and the mill next door shut down entirely. This chapter shows how past employees and their stories of work and livelihoods live in the walls, stairs, corners, and everyday stories of these two adjacent mills.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;We visited a 150-year-old New England textile mill, taking a nighttime ghost tour of the Riverway mill and an adjoining abandoned mill that workers call “The Other Side.” The tour let us learn about many of the ghost stories that people at the mill tell each other. These ghost stories circulate in an area of the United States decimated by closures of mills and factories, where rates of unemployment, divorce, school leaving, addiction, and suicides run high. Global capitalism has shrunk the US textile business, and Riverway is no stranger to these global shifts: the mill has many fewer workers than it did in its heyday in the early 1970s and the mill next door shut down entirely. This chapter shows how past employees and their stories of work and livelihoods live in the walls, stairs, corners, and everyday stories of these two adjacent mills.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">How to Brand Your Monster</TitleText>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Matt Tomlinson is an anthropologist who studies language, religion, and politics with a focus on ritual performance. He has conducted long-term research in the Pacific Islands, especially Fiji, Samoa, and New Zealand. More recently, he has conducted fieldwork in Australia on the religion of Spiritualism. When not marketing the Jersey Devil as the most entertaining monster in the world, he teaches anthropology at the Australian National University. His most recent books are God Is Samoan: Dialogues Between Culture and Theology in the Pacific (University of Hawai‘i Press, 2020) and the edited volumes The Monologic Imagination (with Julian Millie, Oxford University Press, 2017) and New Mana: Transformations of a Classic Concept in Pacific Languages and Cultures (with Ty P. Kāwika Tengan, Australian National University Press, 2016).&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In the Monster Branding Seminar, you are taught how to make your monster break through to fame and fortune. Make your favorite beast become the It Monster – the one everyone loves and is terrified of at the same time. There are seven rules: Your monster needs a memorable name, an iconic look, and a good natural setting. Your monster cannot be too scary, but need to be just scary enough, and must have a touch of sex appeal. Crucially, your monster needs a sense of humor. Above all, your monster needs a special feature – the X factor that gets it onto shows like the X-Files. By taking your local monster and branding him, her, or it according to these rules, you will entertain the world and make scary amounts of money.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In the Monster Branding Seminar, you are taught how to make your monster break through to fame and fortune. Make your favorite beast become the It Monster – the one everyone loves and is terrified of at the same time. There are seven rules: Your monster needs a memorable name, an iconic look, and a good natural setting. Your monster cannot be too scary, but need to be just scary enough, and must have a touch of sex appeal. Crucially, your monster needs a sense of humor. Above all, your monster needs a special feature – the X factor that gets it onto shows like the X-Files. By taking your local monster and branding him, her, or it according to these rules, you will entertain the world and make scary amounts of money.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Susan Lepselter is Associate Professor of American Studies and Adjunct Associate Professor of Anthropology and Folklore at Indiana University Bloomington. She spent years interviewing people who told of their experiences with UFOs and aliens. Her book The Resonance of Unseen Things: Poetics, Power, Captivity and UFOs in the American Uncanny (University of Michigan Press, 2016) won the Society for Cultural Anthropology Bateson Prize of 2017. Currently, she is working on a book of poetry and prose about encounters between humans and animals.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This partly satirical essay imagines a networking-style seminar for aliens and humans in the not-too-distant future. Three kinds of “aliens speak to their human audience: one, a hybrid between human and “little gray,” a type well known from narratives of alien abduction; a benevolent “Nordic” alien, a type popular in mid-twentieth century space lore; and finally a “reptilian,” the sinister alien type prevalent in much uncanny conspiracy theory. Listening to these alien speakers’ ideas on how to live with aliens reminds us, finally, that we must first live in more intentional ways with each other, and care for our own vulnerable Earth.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This partly satirical essay imagines a networking-style seminar for aliens and humans in the not-too-distant future. Three kinds of “aliens speak to their human audience: one, a hybrid between human and “little gray,” a type well known from narratives of alien abduction; a benevolent “Nordic” alien, a type popular in mid-twentieth century space lore; and finally a “reptilian,” the sinister alien type prevalent in much uncanny conspiracy theory. Listening to these alien speakers’ ideas on how to live with aliens reminds us, finally, that we must first live in more intentional ways with each other, and care for our own vulnerable Earth.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Stuart McLean was born in the United Kingdom and is of English and Scottish ancestry. He studied English literature at the University of Oxford and went on to complete a PhD in sociocultural anthropology at Columbia University. His interests include anthropologies beyond the human; art and visual culture; death and mortuary practices; experimental writing; landscape, environment, and place; time and memory. The regional focus of his work has been the maritime and island communities of North Atlantic Europe. His publications include The Event and its Terrors: Ireland, Famine, Modernity (Stanford University Press, 2004), Fictionalizing Anthropology: Encounters and Fabulations at the Edges of the Human (University of Minnesota Press, 2017), and Crumpled Paper Boat: Experiments in Ethnographic Writing (co-edited with Anand Pandian, Duke University Press, 2017). He is currently Professor of Anthropology and Global Studies at the University of Minnesota, Twin Cities.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;For every generic type of monster—ghost, demon, vampire, dragon—there are countless locally specific manifestations, with their own names, traits, and appearances. Such monsters populate all corners of the globe haunting their humans wherever they live. Living with Monsters is a collection of fourteen short pieces of ethnographic fiction (and a more academically inclined introduction and afterword) presenting a playful, spirited, and engaging look at how people live with their respective monsters around the world. They focus on the nitty-gritty dos and don’ts of how to placate spirits in India; how to domesticate Georgian goblins, how to live with aliens, how to avoid being taken by Anito in Taiwan, while simultaneously illuminating the politics of monster–human relations.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In this collection, anthropologists working in fieldsites as diverse as the urban Ghana, the rural US, remote Aboriginal Australia, and the internet present imaginative accounts that demonstrate how thinking with monsters encourages people to contemplate difference, to understand inequality, and to see the world from new angles. Combine monsters with experimental ethnography, and the result is a volume that crackles with creative energy, flouts traditions of ethnographic writing, and pushes anthropology into new terrains.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;For every generic type of monster—ghost, demon, vampire, dragon—there are countless locally specific manifestations, with their own names, traits, and appearances. Such monsters populate all corners of the globe haunting their humans wherever they live. Living with Monsters is a collection of fourteen short pieces of ethnographic fiction (and a more academically inclined introduction and afterword) presenting a playful, spirited, and engaging look at how people live with their respective monsters around the world. They focus on the nitty-gritty dos and don’ts of how to placate spirits in India; how to domesticate Georgian goblins, how to live with aliens, how to avoid being taken by Anito in Taiwan, while simultaneously illuminating the politics of monster–human relations.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In this collection, anthropologists working in fieldsites as diverse as the urban Ghana, the rural US, remote Aboriginal Australia, and the internet present imaginative accounts that demonstrate how thinking with monsters encourages people to contemplate difference, to understand inequality, and to see the world from new angles. Combine monsters with experimental ethnography, and the result is a volume that crackles with creative energy, flouts traditions of ethnographic writing, and pushes anthropology into new terrains.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This introduction addresses how anthropological scholarship on monsters poses distinct epistemological challenges not shared by other humanities scholarship on monsters. Anthropologists are living among and writing about fieldwork interlocutors who believe that monstrous beings exist, when often their colleagues do not, placing anthropologists in an ontological bind. By turning to ethnographic fiction, anthropologists are able to explore a different scholarly stance towards this quandary. We discuss the ways in which monsters often are liminal beings both in time and in place. We outline how thinking alongside monsters allows a vantage point for criticizing contemporaneous power relationships and the lingering effects of colonialisms.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This introduction addresses how anthropological scholarship on monsters poses distinct epistemological challenges not shared by other humanities scholarship on monsters. Anthropologists are living among and writing about fieldwork interlocutors who believe that monstrous beings exist, when often their colleagues do not, placing anthropologists in an ontological bind. By turning to ethnographic fiction, anthropologists are able to explore a different scholarly stance towards this quandary. We discuss the ways in which monsters often are liminal beings both in time and in place. We outline how thinking alongside monsters allows a vantage point for criticizing contemporaneous power relationships and the lingering effects of colonialisms.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Cailín Murray is Associate Professor of Anthropology at Ball State University in Muncie, Indiana. She received her MA and PhD in Cultural Anthropology from the University of Washington in 2001. In 2004 she completed a two-year Andrew W. Mellon Postdoctoral Fellowship at Wesleyan University in Connecticut and joined the Ball State faculty. Dr. Murray is an environmental ethnohistorian who studies Indigenous knowledge systems, settler colonialism, and the transformation of historical landscapes. She is particularly interested in how folklore, cultural memory, history, and foodways have informed how landscapes were used in the past and continue to construct and sustain attachments to place in the present. She regularly teaches an undergraduate course about monsters and culture. Dr. Murray has conducted ethnographic and ethnohistorical research primarily along the central Northwest Coast. She is currently researching twentieth-century witch accusations in the US and settler colonialism, religious beliefs, and historical gardening practices in the Great Lakes region. In 2019 she conducted preliminary research in Ireland and hopes to return there in order to explore Connemara’s shell fisheries. She has published in Ethnohistory and other scholarly journals and co-authored with Coll Thrush Phantom Past, Indigenous Presence: Native Ghosts in Culture and History (Nebraska University Press, 2011).&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Wild Man figures are found around the world and seem to always occupy a mythical and liminal space between culture and nature. Among the Native peoples of the Northwest Coast of North America, he is known by different names in various tribal languages. However, terms like Sasquatch or Bigfoot are used locally as a kind of generic reference. Since Indigenous peoples and settler colonial newcomers have reported encounters over the decades since contact, it is important to consider what resources each culture provides to help people make sense of their experiences. I wanted my story to reflect how these meanings shift and how confusing and consequential it can become when non-natives assume they understand tribal/First Nations’ beliefs and experiences based on their own. The character of Sarah illustrates how even well-meaning researchers often approach Indigenous beliefs from what the folklorist David Hufford calls “a tradition of disbelief.” In other words, what they know is truth and what others know is merely “belief.” The story allows readers to ponder the various characters’ actions and what they “know,” and thus, what “really” happened.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Wild Man figures are found around the world and seem to always occupy a mythical and liminal space between culture and nature. Among the Native peoples of the Northwest Coast of North America, he is known by different names in various tribal languages. However, terms like Sasquatch or Bigfoot are used locally as a kind of generic reference. Since Indigenous peoples and settler colonial newcomers have reported encounters over the decades since contact, it is important to consider what resources each culture provides to help people make sense of their experiences. I wanted my story to reflect how these meanings shift and how confusing and consequential it can become when non-natives assume they understand tribal/First Nations’ beliefs and experiences based on their own. The character of Sarah illustrates how even well-meaning researchers often approach Indigenous beliefs from what the folklorist David Hufford calls “a tradition of disbelief.” In other words, what they know is truth and what others know is merely “belief.” The story allows readers to ponder the various characters’ actions and what they “know,” and thus, what “really” happened.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <Subtitle language="eng">A Ghost (Hunter) Story</Subtitle>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Misty L. Bastian is the Lewis Audenreid Professor of History and Archaeology and Professor of Anthropology at Franklin &amp;amp; Marshall College. Her fieldsites include Nigeria, the USA, and the internet. She has researched mermaids, witches, Neo-Pentecostals, spirits, and ghost hunters, amongst many other topics. She is the author of numerous journal articles and chapters in edited volumes, as well as co-author (with Marc Matera and Susan Kingsley Kent) of The Women's War of 1929: Gender and Violence in Colonial Nigeria (Palgrave Macmillan, 2013).&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Katie, a professional paranormal researcher (a.k.a. ghost hunter) comes to the house of an anthropologist, who undertakes research with paranormal investigators. This time, however, Katie is not a research subject but is there to investigate the anthropologist’s own house – which may or may not be haunted. In the course of the investigation, we learn about how paranormal researchers go about their business, about the relationship between researcher and research subject, and about the anthropologist and her ghosts.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Katie, a professional paranormal researcher (a.k.a. ghost hunter) comes to the house of an anthropologist, who undertakes research with paranormal investigators. This time, however, Katie is not a research subject but is there to investigate the anthropologist’s own house – which may or may not be haunted. In the course of the investigation, we learn about how paranormal researchers go about their business, about the relationship between researcher and research subject, and about the anthropologist and her ghosts.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Mary Hawkins is a Professor in the School of Social Sciences, Western Sydney University. Mary received her PhD in social anthropology from the University of Sydney and has conducted field research in Indonesia and Iceland. Her recent Iceland focused publications include Helena Onnudottir and Mary Hawkins, “Margt byr i Thokunni – What Dwells in the Mist?” in Monster Anthropology: Ethnographic Interpretations of Transforming Social Worlds Through Monsters (Bloomsbury Academic Press, 2020); and Mary Hawkins and Helena Onnudottir, “From Resurrection and New Dawn to the Pirate Party: Political Party Names as Symbolizing Recent Transformations in the Political Field in Iceland.”&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Helena Onnudottir is a Senior Lecturer in the School of Social Sciences, Western Sydney University. Helena received her PhD in social anthropology from Macquarie University and has conducted field research in Aboriginal Australia and Iceland. Her recent Iceland focused publications include Helena Onnudottir and Mary Hawkins, “Margt byr i Thokunni – What Dwells in the Mist?” In Monster Anthropology: Ethnographic Interpretations of Transforming Social Worlds Through Monsters (Bloomsbury Academic Press, 2020); Hawkins, Mary and Helena Onnudottir, “From Resurrection and New Dawn to the Pirate Party: Political Party Names as Symbolizing Recent Transformations in the Political Field in Iceland” (Politics, Religion and Ideology, 2018).&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Horses came to Iceland with the first settlers in the ninth century. Exploring Iceland was a joint venture between horse and human. Isolated from the horse populations of Europe, the Icelandic horse is recognized as a distinct breed, small in stature but powerfully built and possessing a fifth gait. Horses are useful in agriculture and as a primary means of transport, but equally they have been and still are companions and guides to humans, trusted to convey a half asleep, drunk farmer safely home from a barn dance. In the first few springs of a foal’s life, foal and their dams are released from their home paddocks into the mountains, where grasses and herbs grow and horses roam and forage freely. Horses thus learn their land and mountains, and they know where the path is treacherous and where it opens to a lush valley. It is said that if you are on horseback and lost, drop the reins, and let the horse lead because she will know the way. Horses also learn that the mist may hide dangerous creatures and that caution should be taken in the vicinity of elf dwellings and in the places where trolls may camp. Because of this, a horse is a fitting author of this field guide to Icelandic monsters.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Horses came to Iceland with the first settlers in the ninth century. Exploring Iceland was a joint venture between horse and human. Isolated from the horse populations of Europe, the Icelandic horse is recognized as a distinct breed, small in stature but powerfully built and possessing a fifth gait. Horses are useful in agriculture and as a primary means of transport, but equally they have been and still are companions and guides to humans, trusted to convey a half asleep, drunk farmer safely home from a barn dance. In the first few springs of a foal’s life, foal and their dams are released from their home paddocks into the mountains, where grasses and herbs grow and horses roam and forage freely. Horses thus learn their land and mountains, and they know where the path is treacherous and where it opens to a lush valley. It is said that if you are on horseback and lost, drop the reins, and let the horse lead because she will know the way. Horses also learn that the mist may hide dangerous creatures and that caution should be taken in the vicinity of elf dwellings and in the places where trolls may camp. Because of this, a horse is a fitting author of this field guide to Icelandic monsters.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Yasmine Musharbash is Senior Lecturer and Head of Discipline (Anthropology) at the School of Archaeology &amp;amp; Anthropology at the Australian National University. She conducts participant, observation-based research with Warlpiri people in Central Australia with a particular focus on relations: among Warlpiri people on the one hand and between them and non-Indigenous people, fauna, flora, the elements, and monsters, on the other. She is the author of Yuendumu Everyday Contemporary Life in Remote Aboriginal Australia (Aboriginal Studies Press, 2008) and of a number of co-edited volumes, including two about monsters that she co-edited with GH Presterudstuen: Monster Anthropology in Australasia and Beyond (Palgrave Macmillan, 2014) and Monster Anthropology: Ethnographic Explorations of Transforming Social Worlds Through Monsters (Routledge, 2020).&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Justin arrives in a remote Aboriginal town for his new job. Walpa is excited, she is going to start her first job as trainee at the local, Indigenous radio station. Old Makita has seen everything before. But then, Justin’s first workday unfolds differently than he anticipated when the town has to deal with a monster attack on one of their own. Variously observed from the perspectives of a male non-Indigenous professional, a young Aboriginal woman, and a senior law man, the presences of monsters and colonisers in the town take on different meanings, clash, diverge, as well as merge. As events unfold, the parallels between monsters and colonisers come into ever clearer focus, illustrating how expectations of knowledge circulation can conflict, and cause harm.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Justin arrives in a remote Aboriginal town for his new job. Walpa is excited, she is going to start her first job as trainee at the local, Indigenous radio station. Old Makita has seen everything before. But then, Justin’s first workday unfolds differently than he anticipated when the town has to deal with a monster attack on one of their own. Variously observed from the perspectives of a male non-Indigenous professional, a young Aboriginal woman, and a senior law man, the presences of monsters and colonisers in the town take on different meanings, clash, diverge, as well as merge. As events unfold, the parallels between monsters and colonisers come into ever clearer focus, illustrating how expectations of knowledge circulation can conflict, and cause harm.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">"Keep Off the 'Bad Things,' Uncle!"</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">A Tao Child's Perspective on Anito Monsters on Lanyu Island, Taiwan</Subtitle>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Leberecht Funk is a social and cultural anthropologist working in the field of psychological anthropology. In 2019 he obtained his PhD from the Freie Universität Berlin (Germany) for his work on the socialization of emotion among the Tao in Taiwan. He is interested in childhood and socialization, emotion, social relations, and Indigenous cosmologies. His regional focus is East Asia and Southeast Asia. He is the author of Ghosts of Childhood – Socialization of Emotions among the Tao in Taiwan which will be published by transcript in 2022 (in German). Currently he is working on project about “Feeding and the Formation of Social Relationships in Childhood,” which aims at showing that in many world regions it is not emotional intimacy but proactive caregiving which plays a leading role in attachment formation between children and their caregivers.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;How is it like to live with monsters on Lanyu island, Taiwan? In the course of one year, the author has a series of exchanges with a 9-year-old Indigenous Tao girl. She gives him advice how to deal with “bad things,” which is a euphemism for the local Anito monsters who delight in stealing human souls. The monsters, which are never actually encountered, are constantly lurking in the background. Their presence can be perceived by bad smells, unjustified angry reactions, intense negative emotionality, or by viewing a beautiful butterfly or hearing the call of an owl. The girl needs to be constantly aware about the changes in the environment. She has to avoid certain places (such as the cemetery) and stays at home when “bad things” occur (for example, a death in the village). She can never let herself go, as the Anito take advantage of any kind of weakness. For example, when she is in pain, she will not cry out loud. Occasionally she mentions other people from her kinship network, like her grandmother and her elder brother, and explains how they cope with the monsters, or, in the case of her grandfather, temporarily become monsters by means of possession.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;How is it like to live with monsters on Lanyu island, Taiwan? In the course of one year, the author has a series of exchanges with a 9-year-old Indigenous Tao girl. She gives him advice how to deal with “bad things,” which is a euphemism for the local Anito monsters who delight in stealing human souls. The monsters, which are never actually encountered, are constantly lurking in the background. Their presence can be perceived by bad smells, unjustified angry reactions, intense negative emotionality, or by viewing a beautiful butterfly or hearing the call of an owl. The girl needs to be constantly aware about the changes in the environment. She has to avoid certain places (such as the cemetery) and stays at home when “bad things” occur (for example, a death in the village). She can never let herself go, as the Anito take advantage of any kind of weakness. For example, when she is in pain, she will not cry out loud. Occasionally she mentions other people from her kinship network, like her grandmother and her elder brother, and explains how they cope with the monsters, or, in the case of her grandfather, temporarily become monsters by means of possession.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <Subtitle language="eng">The Making of an Anthropologist</Subtitle>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Indira Arumugam is an anthropologist who works in Tamil Nadu, South India and among the Tamil Diaspora in Singapore and Southeast Asia. She is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Sociology and Anthropology at the National University of Singapore. Her research interests include vernacular political imaginaries, ritual theories and practices, intimate economics of (re)production, modalities of sacrality and monstrosity, play and pleasure and popular Hinduism. Her writings on animal sacrifice, divine agency, rituals, the gift, and kinship have appeared in leading journals of anthropology, religion, and Asian Studies. She is currently working on book on vernacular political theorizing entitled, Visceral Politics: Intimate Imaginaries of Power in South India.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This chapter is about how hunting for monsters, and gods, has become part of how I do ethnographic fieldwork. The village of Vaduvur in Tamil Nadu, South India is where my family originates as well as where I was born and subsequently migrated from. Vaduvur is also my ethnographic field site. Beginning with how fieldwork for my dissertation on sacrificial rituals prompted memories about tales of uncanny fertility spirits called “Mini” told by my mother, this chapter considers how stories have framed the cultivation of an anthropological imagination and sensibility. Dwelling upon how stories constitute a particular village, its past, peoples and ambience, this chapter is specifically concerned with how monstrous beings or at least the myths about them allow for mapping, inhabiting, and staking claims to a place. Drawing both on my memories of the childhood stories and my experiences of doing fieldwork, this chapter relates how the different, manifold, and even contradictory stories about monsters represent competing stakes over a place. Monsters menace. However, they are part of the memories of and enduring moorings to a much-missed home. Monsters pulse with an uncanny charisma that fascinates across spaces, cultures, and time.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This chapter is about how hunting for monsters, and gods, has become part of how I do ethnographic fieldwork. The village of Vaduvur in Tamil Nadu, South India is where my family originates as well as where I was born and subsequently migrated from. Vaduvur is also my ethnographic field site. Beginning with how fieldwork for my dissertation on sacrificial rituals prompted memories about tales of uncanny fertility spirits called “Mini” told by my mother, this chapter considers how stories have framed the cultivation of an anthropological imagination and sensibility. Dwelling upon how stories constitute a particular village, its past, peoples and ambience, this chapter is specifically concerned with how monstrous beings or at least the myths about them allow for mapping, inhabiting, and staking claims to a place. Drawing both on my memories of the childhood stories and my experiences of doing fieldwork, this chapter relates how the different, manifold, and even contradictory stories about monsters represent competing stakes over a place. Monsters menace. However, they are part of the memories of and enduring moorings to a much-missed home. Monsters pulse with an uncanny charisma that fascinates across spaces, cultures, and time.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Paul Manning is a Professor of Anthropology at Trent University in Canada. He is the author of three books, Strangers in a Strange Land (Academic Studies Press, 2012); Semiotics of Drinks and Drinking (Continuum/Bloomsbury, 2012); and Love Stories Language, Private Love, and Public Romance in Georgia (University of Toronto Press, 2015). Among his other ethnographic projects, he has written on the “spectral migrations” of various kinds of folkloric monsters in time and space, from Georgian goblins moving from village to the city (2012, 2014, forthcoming), how Cornish mining spirits (knackers) became Transatlantic mining spirits called Tommyknockers (2005), how Cornish Pixies became part of British fairylore (2016), to North American ghosts, spiritualist seances, and “weird” fiction (2017, 2018, 2020, 2021).&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;A fictionalized dialog assembled out of real folkloric narratives of various kinds, the paper acts as an overview of the various kinds of goblins in the folklore of the country of Georgia. A common motif of Georgian imaginings of human-goblin relationships revolves around whether the goblins are homeless (Chinkas, Alis) and therefore can be forcibly domesticated by cutting their unshorn hair or nails; or whether they have a home of their own somewhere (Kajis, Tqashmapa), in which case, they cannot be domesticated to become servants in your household. Each goblin type represents a kind of weird version of a known kind of human generic social other, and the imagined perilous social or sexual relationships one can have with them reveal anxieties about corresponding relationships with ordinary social others, particularly the very large number of female nymph-like spirits, which pointedly dwell on anxieties revolving around exogamous marriage to strangers and marriage by abduction.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;A fictionalized dialog assembled out of real folkloric narratives of various kinds, the paper acts as an overview of the various kinds of goblins in the folklore of the country of Georgia. A common motif of Georgian imaginings of human-goblin relationships revolves around whether the goblins are homeless (Chinkas, Alis) and therefore can be forcibly domesticated by cutting their unshorn hair or nails; or whether they have a home of their own somewhere (Kajis, Tqashmapa), in which case, they cannot be domesticated to become servants in your household. Each goblin type represents a kind of weird version of a known kind of human generic social other, and the imagined perilous social or sexual relationships one can have with them reveal anxieties about corresponding relationships with ordinary social others, particularly the very large number of female nymph-like spirits, which pointedly dwell on anxieties revolving around exogamous marriage to strangers and marriage by abduction.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">A Kappa Manifesto</TitleText>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Michael Dylan Foster is a professor in the Department of East Asian Languages and Cultures at the University of California, Davis. He is the author of The Book of Yōkai: Mysterious Creatures of Japanese Folklore (University of California Press, 2015), Pandemonium and Parade: Japanese Monsters and the Culture of Yōkai (University of California Press, 2009), and numerous articles on folklore, literature, media, and monsters. He also co-edited The Folkloresque: Reframing Folklore in a Popular Culture World (Utah State University Press, 2016) and UNESCO on the Ground: Local Perspectives on Intangible Cultural Heritage (Indiana University Press, 2015). His current project explores discourses of tourism and heritage as they relate to local festivals in Japan.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This essay is written from the perspective of a Kappa, a mischievous and murderous Japanese water sprite. The text is the transcript of a commencement speech delivered by a senior Kappa historian to young Kappa at their graduation from university. While rehearsing the history of the Kappa species, the speaker demonstrates how Kappa have always been able to manipulate human desires for the survival of their own species. In this way, they have evolved from demonic water monsters to cute and seemingly harmless figures and mascots. Arguing that this evolution is strategic and has helped ensure the perpetuation of Kappa, even while other monsters have fallen by the wayside, the historian urges young Kappa to continue to be innovative in infiltrating human culture so that they may remain prominent in human imagination. Providing an introduction to specific historical changes Kappa have undergone within Japanese history, the essay also demonstrates the dynamics by which monstrous figures change through time.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This essay is written from the perspective of a Kappa, a mischievous and murderous Japanese water sprite. The text is the transcript of a commencement speech delivered by a senior Kappa historian to young Kappa at their graduation from university. While rehearsing the history of the Kappa species, the speaker demonstrates how Kappa have always been able to manipulate human desires for the survival of their own species. In this way, they have evolved from demonic water monsters to cute and seemingly harmless figures and mascots. Arguing that this evolution is strategic and has helped ensure the perpetuation of Kappa, even while other monsters have fallen by the wayside, the historian urges young Kappa to continue to be innovative in infiltrating human culture so that they may remain prominent in human imagination. Providing an introduction to specific historical changes Kappa have undergone within Japanese history, the essay also demonstrates the dynamics by which monstrous figures change through time.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">How to Make (and Possibly Un-Make) a Digital Monster</TitleText>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Jeffrey A. Tolbert is professor of American Studies and Folklore at Penn State Harrisburg. His research focuses on vernacular belief and the supernatural, popular, and traditional cultures, and digital ethnography. He is particularly interested in understanding how contemporary people integrate supernatural belief and experience into their daily, technologically mediated lives. He is co-editor (with Michael Dylan Foster) of The Folkloresque: Reframing Folklore in a Popular Culture World (Utah State University Press, 2016). His current monograph project is an exploration of the role of folklore and the folkloresque in the horror genre.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Digital monsters are not present in the “real” – in this case, non-digital – world in the same way as other supernatural creatures. These monsters are “born digital”; that is, they are created with digital tools within digital contexts (e.g., photo and video editors, websites), and are encountered in the genre of expressive culture now known as “Creepypasta,” transmedial, Internet-based narratives about scary, usually supernatural, things. The most famous digital monster is Slender Man, who, despite his fictional status, was cited as the inspiration for real-world acts of violence, most notably the attempted murder of a young girl in Wisconsin in 2014. Traceable to a single creator, but passing through a long, collaborative process of telling and retelling across various Internet fora and media, Slender Man embodies the emergent qualities of much Internet culture.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The story of Mr. Top Hat presented here, framed as a series of blog posts by a fictional anthropologist and reader responses to them, attempts to represent the type of collaborative dynamic that produced and continually reproduces Slender Man. Like Slender Man, “Mr. Top Hat” is surrounded by ambiguity. Are aspects of his story real, despite the evidence of his fictional status? The anthropologist, Dr. Richard Morgan, starts off as a researcher of the social processes that give rise to Creepypasta, but quickly finds that there is more at stake than the creation of a story.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Digital monsters are not present in the “real” – in this case, non-digital – world in the same way as other supernatural creatures. These monsters are “born digital”; that is, they are created with digital tools within digital contexts (e.g., photo and video editors, websites), and are encountered in the genre of expressive culture now known as “Creepypasta,” transmedial, Internet-based narratives about scary, usually supernatural, things. The most famous digital monster is Slender Man, who, despite his fictional status, was cited as the inspiration for real-world acts of violence, most notably the attempted murder of a young girl in Wisconsin in 2014. Traceable to a single creator, but passing through a long, collaborative process of telling and retelling across various Internet fora and media, Slender Man embodies the emergent qualities of much Internet culture.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The story of Mr. Top Hat presented here, framed as a series of blog posts by a fictional anthropologist and reader responses to them, attempts to represent the type of collaborative dynamic that produced and continually reproduces Slender Man. Like Slender Man, “Mr. Top Hat” is surrounded by ambiguity. Are aspects of his story real, despite the evidence of his fictional status? The anthropologist, Dr. Richard Morgan, starts off as a researcher of the social processes that give rise to Creepypasta, but quickly finds that there is more at stake than the creation of a story.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Becoming a Sakawa Boy</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Magic and Modernity in Ghana</Subtitle>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Matthew Gmalifo Mabefam is a lecturer in Development Studies at the University of Melbourne, a Visiting Fellow at the Institute of Postcolonial Studies, and a Diaspora Fellow for African Research and Impact Network. His research focuses on the politics of international development, development in Africa, spirituality, religion, witchcraft, and wellbeing. He obtained his PhD in Anthropology and Development Studies from the University of Melbourne in 2021.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <PersonName>Kalissa Alexeyeff</PersonName>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Kalissa Alexeyeff is a senior lecturer in Gender Studies at the University of Melbourne. She specializes in the areas of gender and sexuality, globalization, and development. Her research covers a range of interdisciplinary topics. Her first book Dancing from the Heart: Movement, Gender and Cook Islands Globalization (University of Hawai‘i Press, 2009) explores the significance of dance to Cook Islands femininity throughout colonial history and in its contemporary global manifestations. She is co-editor with Niko Besnier of Gender on the Edge: Transgender, Gay, and Other Pacific Islanders (University of Hawai‘i Press, 2014) which explores alternative sexualities and gender identities in the Pacific region, and with John Taylor Touring Pacific Cultures (Australia National University Press, 2016), a creative collection of Indigenous and non-Indigenous responses to touring and tourism.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Sakawa boys are young internet scammers in Ghana who believe “juju” or magic helps to manipulate their victims into giving them large sums of money. Sakawa boys are recruited primarily from the urban poor and their principal targets are Westerners via the internet. Economic insecurity and entrenched poverty resulting from government corruption, as well as neocolonial global development initiatives, all contribute to a setting where occult economies thrive. The promise of great wealth to be gained through occult sits alongside fear that “juju” turns its users into zombies and can ultimately lead to death. This paper explores the structure and logic of poverty that makes becoming a Sakawa boy a viable survival strategy despite the risks involved.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Sakawa boys are young internet scammers in Ghana who believe “juju” or magic helps to manipulate their victims into giving them large sums of money. Sakawa boys are recruited primarily from the urban poor and their principal targets are Westerners via the internet. Economic insecurity and entrenched poverty resulting from government corruption, as well as neocolonial global development initiatives, all contribute to a setting where occult economies thrive. The promise of great wealth to be gained through occult sits alongside fear that “juju” turns its users into zombies and can ultimately lead to death. This paper explores the structure and logic of poverty that makes becoming a Sakawa boy a viable survival strategy despite the risks involved.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Possession, in Four Voices</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Richard Davis</PersonName>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Richard Davis has long anthropological experience working with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples throughout Australia where he has published on gender (Indigenous Australian masculinities in particular), performance, the frontier, Indigenous epitathic writing, death, and knowledge. He has held academic positions at the Australian National University, University of Western Australia, Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders, and Charles Darwin University. In addition, he has worked as a Senior Anthropologist at the Central Land Council, has advised both the Australian Federal Government and British Museum on protection and repatriation of Indigenous human remains, and prepared anthropological reports for Australian Native title claims. Alongside his academic research and teaching, he has expanded his ethnographic writing into poetry where he has explored issues of embodiment, encounter, and emplacement in fieldwork, publishing his poetry in Anthropology and Humanism, Westerly, and other books and journals. He is currently working as an academic anthropologist for the Australian government.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This chapter links three kinds of possession across different cosmological worlds. The three possessions and cosmologies focus on Christian executive possession, as defined by Emma Cohen, snake ancestor possession at Saibai Island, northwest Torres Strait, and the dream possession of an anthropologist at the same island. Inspired by the multi-perspectivist work of Eduardo Viveiros de Castro and others, the story confers the same ontological status on monsters, spirits, and humans by allowing the possessed and the possessor their own voices. Through this ontological equivalence, two questions are explored in this story. Firstly, what might an immigrant spirit being from a colonising religion look like to an Indigenous spirit being, both of whom are possessing entities? Secondly, what does it mean to be caught up in the mythic fabric of another through the loss of the sovereignty of self-possession? These questions are pursued through a person-within-person narrative technique that allows culturally distinct understandings of evil, ecstasy, and love to be explored.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This chapter links three kinds of possession across different cosmological worlds. The three possessions and cosmologies focus on Christian executive possession, as defined by Emma Cohen, snake ancestor possession at Saibai Island, northwest Torres Strait, and the dream possession of an anthropologist at the same island. Inspired by the multi-perspectivist work of Eduardo Viveiros de Castro and others, the story confers the same ontological status on monsters, spirits, and humans by allowing the possessed and the possessor their own voices. Through this ontological equivalence, two questions are explored in this story. Firstly, what might an immigrant spirit being from a colonising religion look like to an Indigenous spirit being, both of whom are possessing entities? Secondly, what does it mean to be caught up in the mythic fabric of another through the loss of the sovereignty of self-possession? These questions are pursued through a person-within-person narrative technique that allows culturally distinct understandings of evil, ecstasy, and love to be explored.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Ghost (Story) Hunters</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Caitrin Lynch</PersonName>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Caitrin Lynch is the Dean of Faculty and professor of anthropology at Olin College of Engineering. She is the author of two books, Retirement on the Line: Age, Work, and Value in An American Factory (Cornell University Press, 2012) and Juki Girls, Good Girls: Gender and Cultural Politics in Sri Lanka's Global Garment Industry (Cornell University Press, 2007). She also produced the documentary film, My Name is Julius. Her research and teaching passions include examining the dynamics of work and cultural values with a focus on aging and gender as well as the cultural dimensions of offshore manufacturing, plus a commitment to understanding social behavior in global contexts and a devotion to encouraging students to use qualitative methods to think critically about the world around them.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <PersonName>Adam Coppola</PersonName>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Adam Coppola is a technical trainer working in the software industry. While teaching the ins and outs of software, Adam incorporates lessons on how human needs and values shape technical systems and vice versa. Adam has worked in education and anthropology research, and he is inspired by critical theorists and human rights advocates.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;We visited a 150-year-old New England textile mill, taking a nighttime ghost tour of the Riverway mill and an adjoining abandoned mill that workers call “The Other Side.” The tour let us learn about many of the ghost stories that people at the mill tell each other. These ghost stories circulate in an area of the United States decimated by closures of mills and factories, where rates of unemployment, divorce, school leaving, addiction, and suicides run high. Global capitalism has shrunk the US textile business, and Riverway is no stranger to these global shifts: the mill has many fewer workers than it did in its heyday in the early 1970s and the mill next door shut down entirely. This chapter shows how past employees and their stories of work and livelihoods live in the walls, stairs, corners, and everyday stories of these two adjacent mills.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;We visited a 150-year-old New England textile mill, taking a nighttime ghost tour of the Riverway mill and an adjoining abandoned mill that workers call “The Other Side.” The tour let us learn about many of the ghost stories that people at the mill tell each other. These ghost stories circulate in an area of the United States decimated by closures of mills and factories, where rates of unemployment, divorce, school leaving, addiction, and suicides run high. Global capitalism has shrunk the US textile business, and Riverway is no stranger to these global shifts: the mill has many fewer workers than it did in its heyday in the early 1970s and the mill next door shut down entirely. This chapter shows how past employees and their stories of work and livelihoods live in the walls, stairs, corners, and everyday stories of these two adjacent mills.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">How to Brand Your Monster</TitleText>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Matt Tomlinson is an anthropologist who studies language, religion, and politics with a focus on ritual performance. He has conducted long-term research in the Pacific Islands, especially Fiji, Samoa, and New Zealand. More recently, he has conducted fieldwork in Australia on the religion of Spiritualism. When not marketing the Jersey Devil as the most entertaining monster in the world, he teaches anthropology at the Australian National University. His most recent books are God Is Samoan: Dialogues Between Culture and Theology in the Pacific (University of Hawai‘i Press, 2020) and the edited volumes The Monologic Imagination (with Julian Millie, Oxford University Press, 2017) and New Mana: Transformations of a Classic Concept in Pacific Languages and Cultures (with Ty P. Kāwika Tengan, Australian National University Press, 2016).&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In the Monster Branding Seminar, you are taught how to make your monster break through to fame and fortune. Make your favorite beast become the It Monster – the one everyone loves and is terrified of at the same time. There are seven rules: Your monster needs a memorable name, an iconic look, and a good natural setting. Your monster cannot be too scary, but need to be just scary enough, and must have a touch of sex appeal. Crucially, your monster needs a sense of humor. Above all, your monster needs a special feature – the X factor that gets it onto shows like the X-Files. By taking your local monster and branding him, her, or it according to these rules, you will entertain the world and make scary amounts of money.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In the Monster Branding Seminar, you are taught how to make your monster break through to fame and fortune. Make your favorite beast become the It Monster – the one everyone loves and is terrified of at the same time. There are seven rules: Your monster needs a memorable name, an iconic look, and a good natural setting. Your monster cannot be too scary, but need to be just scary enough, and must have a touch of sex appeal. Crucially, your monster needs a sense of humor. Above all, your monster needs a special feature – the X factor that gets it onto shows like the X-Files. By taking your local monster and branding him, her, or it according to these rules, you will entertain the world and make scary amounts of money.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">How to Live with Aliens</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Susan Lepselter</PersonName>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Susan Lepselter is Associate Professor of American Studies and Adjunct Associate Professor of Anthropology and Folklore at Indiana University Bloomington. She spent years interviewing people who told of their experiences with UFOs and aliens. Her book The Resonance of Unseen Things: Poetics, Power, Captivity and UFOs in the American Uncanny (University of Michigan Press, 2016) won the Society for Cultural Anthropology Bateson Prize of 2017. Currently, she is working on a book of poetry and prose about encounters between humans and animals.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This partly satirical essay imagines a networking-style seminar for aliens and humans in the not-too-distant future. Three kinds of “aliens speak to their human audience: one, a hybrid between human and “little gray,” a type well known from narratives of alien abduction; a benevolent “Nordic” alien, a type popular in mid-twentieth century space lore; and finally a “reptilian,” the sinister alien type prevalent in much uncanny conspiracy theory. Listening to these alien speakers’ ideas on how to live with aliens reminds us, finally, that we must first live in more intentional ways with each other, and care for our own vulnerable Earth.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This partly satirical essay imagines a networking-style seminar for aliens and humans in the not-too-distant future. Three kinds of “aliens speak to their human audience: one, a hybrid between human and “little gray,” a type well known from narratives of alien abduction; a benevolent “Nordic” alien, a type popular in mid-twentieth century space lore; and finally a “reptilian,” the sinister alien type prevalent in much uncanny conspiracy theory. Listening to these alien speakers’ ideas on how to live with aliens reminds us, finally, that we must first live in more intentional ways with each other, and care for our own vulnerable Earth.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Stuart McLean was born in the United Kingdom and is of English and Scottish ancestry. He studied English literature at the University of Oxford and went on to complete a PhD in sociocultural anthropology at Columbia University. His interests include anthropologies beyond the human; art and visual culture; death and mortuary practices; experimental writing; landscape, environment, and place; time and memory. The regional focus of his work has been the maritime and island communities of North Atlantic Europe. His publications include The Event and its Terrors: Ireland, Famine, Modernity (Stanford University Press, 2004), Fictionalizing Anthropology: Encounters and Fabulations at the Edges of the Human (University of Minnesota Press, 2017), and Crumpled Paper Boat: Experiments in Ethnographic Writing (co-edited with Anand Pandian, Duke University Press, 2017). He is currently Professor of Anthropology and Global Studies at the University of Minnesota, Twin Cities.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;From a stage erected in front of the US Capitol, on April 25, 1993, Michael Callen surveyed the throng: an estimated one million people stretched across the National Mall in the largest public demonstration of queer political solidarity in history. “What a sight,” he told the crowd, his earnest Midwestern twang reverberating through loudspeakers. “You’re a sight for sore eyes. Being gay is the greatest gift I have ever been given, and I don’t care who knows about it.” He then launched into a gorgeous rendition of “Love Don’t Need a Reason,” the AIDS anthem he composed with Marsha Malamet and the late Peter Allen. As Callen finished singing, people stood cheering and flashing the familiar American Sign Language symbol for “I Love You.” For they knew the song’s sentiment rang true for Callen, who had recently announced his retirement from music and activism after a living for more than a decade with what was then called “full-blown AIDS.” After the March on Washington, Callen returned to his recently adopted West Coast home, Los Angeles. In the ensuing months, his health rapidly declined, and on 27 December 1993, Callen died of AIDS-related pulmonary Kaposi’s sarcoma.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Love Don’t Need a Reason focuses on Callen’s most important and lasting legacy: his music. A witness to the overlooked last years of Gay Liberation and a major figure in the early years of the AIDS crisis, Michael Callen chronicled these experiences in song. A community organizer, activist, author, and architect of the AIDS self-empowerment movement, he literally changed the way we have sex in an epidemic when he co-authored one of the first safe-sex guides in 1983. A gifted singer, songwriter, and performer, he also made gay music for gay people and used music to educate and empower people with AIDS. Listening again to his music allows us to hear the shifting dynamics of American families, changing notions of masculinity, gay migration to urban areas, the sexual politics of Gay Liberation, and HIV/AIDS activism. Using extensive archival materials and newly-conducted oral history interviews with Callen’s friends, family, and fellow musicians, Matthew J. Jones reintroduces Callen to the history of LGBTQIA+ music and places Callen’s music at the center of his important activist work.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;From a stage erected in front of the US Capitol, on April 25, 1993, Michael Callen surveyed the throng: an estimated one million people stretched across the National Mall in the largest public demonstration of queer political solidarity in history. “What a sight,” he told the crowd, his earnest Midwestern twang reverberating through loudspeakers. “You’re a sight for sore eyes. Being gay is the greatest gift I have ever been given, and I don’t care who knows about it.” He then launched into a gorgeous rendition of “Love Don’t Need a Reason,” the AIDS anthem he composed with Marsha Malamet and the late Peter Allen. As Callen finished singing, people stood cheering and flashing the familiar American Sign Language symbol for “I Love You.” For they knew the song’s sentiment rang true for Callen, who had recently announced his retirement from music and activism after a living for more than a decade with what was then called “full-blown AIDS.” After the March on Washington, Callen returned to his recently adopted West Coast home, Los Angeles. In the ensuing months, his health rapidly declined, and on 27 December 1993, Callen died of AIDS-related pulmonary Kaposi’s sarcoma.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Love Don’t Need a Reason focuses on Callen’s most important and lasting legacy: his music. A witness to the overlooked last years of Gay Liberation and a major figure in the early years of the AIDS crisis, Michael Callen chronicled these experiences in song. A community organizer, activist, author, and architect of the AIDS self-empowerment movement, he literally changed the way we have sex in an epidemic when he co-authored one of the first safe-sex guides in 1983. A gifted singer, songwriter, and performer, he also made gay music for gay people and used music to educate and empower people with AIDS. Listening again to his music allows us to hear the shifting dynamics of American families, changing notions of masculinity, gay migration to urban areas, the sexual politics of Gay Liberation, and HIV/AIDS activism. Using extensive archival materials and newly-conducted oral history interviews with Callen’s friends, family, and fellow musicians, Matthew J. Jones reintroduces Callen to the history of LGBTQIA+ music and places Callen’s music at the center of his important activist work.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;From a stage erected in front of the US Capitol, on April 25, 1993, Michael Callen surveyed the throng: an estimated one million people stretched across the National Mall in the largest public demonstration of queer political solidarity in history. “What a sight,” he told the crowd, his earnest Midwestern twang reverberating through loudspeakers. “You’re a sight for sore eyes. Being gay is the greatest gift I have ever been given, and I don’t care who knows about it.” He then launched into a gorgeous rendition of “Love Don’t Need a Reason,” the AIDS anthem he composed with Marsha Malamet and the late Peter Allen. As Callen finished singing, people stood cheering and flashing the familiar American Sign Language symbol for “I Love You.” For they knew the song’s sentiment rang true for Callen, who had recently announced his retirement from music and activism after a living for more than a decade with what was then called “full-blown AIDS.” After the March on Washington, Callen returned to his recently adopted West Coast home, Los Angeles. In the ensuing months, his health rapidly declined, and on 27 December 1993, Callen died of AIDS-related pulmonary Kaposi’s sarcoma.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Love Don’t Need a Reason focuses on Callen’s most important and lasting legacy: his music. A witness to the overlooked last years of Gay Liberation and a major figure in the early years of the AIDS crisis, Michael Callen chronicled these experiences in song. A community organizer, activist, author, and architect of the AIDS self-empowerment movement, he literally changed the way we have sex in an epidemic when he co-authored one of the first safe-sex guides in 1983. A gifted singer, songwriter, and performer, he also made gay music for gay people and used music to educate and empower people with AIDS. Listening again to his music allows us to hear the shifting dynamics of American families, changing notions of masculinity, gay migration to urban areas, the sexual politics of Gay Liberation, and HIV/AIDS activism. Using extensive archival materials and newly-conducted oral history interviews with Callen’s friends, family, and fellow musicians, Matthew J. Jones reintroduces Callen to the history of LGBTQIA+ music and places Callen’s music at the center of his important activist work.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;From a stage erected in front of the US Capitol, on April 25, 1993, Michael Callen surveyed the throng: an estimated one million people stretched across the National Mall in the largest public demonstration of queer political solidarity in history. “What a sight,” he told the crowd, his earnest Midwestern twang reverberating through loudspeakers. “You’re a sight for sore eyes. Being gay is the greatest gift I have ever been given, and I don’t care who knows about it.” He then launched into a gorgeous rendition of “Love Don’t Need a Reason,” the AIDS anthem he composed with Marsha Malamet and the late Peter Allen. As Callen finished singing, people stood cheering and flashing the familiar American Sign Language symbol for “I Love You.” For they knew the song’s sentiment rang true for Callen, who had recently announced his retirement from music and activism after a living for more than a decade with what was then called “full-blown AIDS.” After the March on Washington, Callen returned to his recently adopted West Coast home, Los Angeles. In the ensuing months, his health rapidly declined, and on 27 December 1993, Callen died of AIDS-related pulmonary Kaposi’s sarcoma.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Love Don’t Need a Reason focuses on Callen’s most important and lasting legacy: his music. A witness to the overlooked last years of Gay Liberation and a major figure in the early years of the AIDS crisis, Michael Callen chronicled these experiences in song. A community organizer, activist, author, and architect of the AIDS self-empowerment movement, he literally changed the way we have sex in an epidemic when he co-authored one of the first safe-sex guides in 1983. A gifted singer, songwriter, and performer, he also made gay music for gay people and used music to educate and empower people with AIDS. Listening again to his music allows us to hear the shifting dynamics of American families, changing notions of masculinity, gay migration to urban areas, the sexual politics of Gay Liberation, and HIV/AIDS activism. Using extensive archival materials and newly-conducted oral history interviews with Callen’s friends, family, and fellow musicians, Matthew J. Jones reintroduces Callen to the history of LGBTQIA+ music and places Callen’s music at the center of his important activist work.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Making the Geologic Now announces shifts in cultural sensibilities and practices. It offers early sightings of an increasingly widespread turn toward the geologic as source of explanation, motivation, and inspiration for creative responses to conditions of the present moment. In the spirit of a broadside, this edited collection circulates images and short essays from over 40 artists, designers, architects, scholars, and journalists who are actively exploring and creatively responding to the geologic depth of “now.” Contributors’ ideas and works are drawn from architecture, design, contemporary philosophy and art.  They are offered as test sites for what might become thinkable or possible if humans were to collectively take up the geologic as our instructive co-designer—as a partner in designing thoughts, objects, systems, and experiences.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Recent natural and human-made events triggered by or triggering the geologic have made volatile earth forces sense-able and relevant with new levels of intensity. As a condition of contemporary life in 2012, the geologic “now” is lived as a cascade of events. Humans and what we build participate in their unfolding. Today, and unlike the environmental movements of the 1970s, the geologic counts as “the environment” and invites us to extend our active awareness of inhabitation out to the cosmos and down to the Earth’s iron core.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Making the Geologic Now announces shifts in cultural sensibilities and practices. It offers early sightings of an increasingly widespread turn toward the geologic as source of explanation, motivation, and inspiration for creative responses to conditions of the present moment. In the spirit of a broadside, this edited collection circulates images and short essays from over 40 artists, designers, architects, scholars, and journalists who are actively exploring and creatively responding to the geologic depth of “now.” Contributors’ ideas and works are drawn from architecture, design, contemporary philosophy and art.  They are offered as test sites for what might become thinkable or possible if humans were to collectively take up the geologic as our instructive co-designer—as a partner in designing thoughts, objects, systems, and experiences.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Recent natural and human-made events triggered by or triggering the geologic have made volatile earth forces sense-able and relevant with new levels of intensity. As a condition of contemporary life in 2012, the geologic “now” is lived as a cascade of events. Humans and what we build participate in their unfolding. Today, and unlike the environmental movements of the 1970s, the geologic counts as “the environment” and invites us to extend our active awareness of inhabitation out to the cosmos and down to the Earth’s iron core.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Until recently, the word “geologic” conjured meanings and associations that referred simply and directly to the science of geology—the study of the origin, history, and structures of the earth. But that seems to be changing. Something is happening to the ways that people are now taking up “the geologic.”Contemporary artists, popular culture producers, speculative architects, scientists and phi-losophers are adding new layers of cultural meaning and aesthetic sensation to the geologic. It is as if recent events and developments are making geologic realities sense-able with new physical intensity and from new angles of thought as a situation that we live within, not sim-ply as something “out there” that we study. Humans seem to be sensing, in new ways, that the forces and materials of the earth are not only subjects of scientific inquiry—they have also become conditions of daily life&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Until recently, the word “geologic” conjured meanings and associations that referred simply and directly to the science of geology—the study of the origin, history, and structures of the earth. But that seems to be changing. Something is happening to the ways that people are now taking up “the geologic.”Contemporary artists, popular culture producers, speculative architects, scientists and phi-losophers are adding new layers of cultural meaning and aesthetic sensation to the geologic. It is as if recent events and developments are making geologic realities sense-able with new physical intensity and from new angles of thought as a situation that we live within, not sim-ply as something “out there” that we study. Humans seem to be sensing, in new ways, that the forces and materials of the earth are not only subjects of scientific inquiry—they have also become conditions of daily life&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The path leads up a hill, across a fast-moving stream, back across the stream, and then past the carcass of a dead sheep. In my view it’s raining, but here in the Southern Up-lands of Scotland, I am told, this counts only as a light drizzle, or smirr. Just beyond the final switchback, there’s a waterfall, half shrouded in mist, and an outcropping of jagged rock. The rock has bands that run vertically, like a layer cake that’s been tipped on its side. My guide, Jan Zalasiewicz, a British stratigrapher, points to a wide stripe of gray. “Bad things happened in here,” he says. The stripe was laid down some 440 million years ago, as sediments slowly piled up on the bottom of an ancient ocean. In those days, life was still mostly confined to the water, and it was  undergoing  a  crisis.  Between  one  edge  of  the  three-foot-thick  gray  band  and  the  other,  some  80  percent  of  marine  species  died  out,  most  of  them  the  sorts  of  creatures,  like  grap-tolites, that no longer exist in any form. The extinction event, known as the end-Ordovician, was one of the five biggest of the last half-billion years. It coincided with extreme changes in climate, in global sea levels, and in ocean chemistry—all caused, perhaps, by a supercontinent drifting over the South Pole.Stratigraphers like Zalasiewicz are, as a rule, hard to impress. Their job is to piece together Earth’s history from clues that can be coaxed out of layers of rock millions of years after the fact. They take the long view—the extremely long view—of events, only the most violent of which are likely to leave behind lasting traces. It’s those events that mark the crucial episodes in  the  planet’s  4.5-billion-year  story,  the  turning  points  that  divide  it  into  comprehensible  chapters.from&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The path leads up a hill, across a fast-moving stream, back across the stream, and then past the carcass of a dead sheep. In my view it’s raining, but here in the Southern Up-lands of Scotland, I am told, this counts only as a light drizzle, or smirr. Just beyond the final switchback, there’s a waterfall, half shrouded in mist, and an outcropping of jagged rock. The rock has bands that run vertically, like a layer cake that’s been tipped on its side. My guide, Jan Zalasiewicz, a British stratigrapher, points to a wide stripe of gray. “Bad things happened in here,” he says. The stripe was laid down some 440 million years ago, as sediments slowly piled up on the bottom of an ancient ocean. In those days, life was still mostly confined to the water, and it was  undergoing  a  crisis.  Between  one  edge  of  the  three-foot-thick  gray  band  and  the  other,  some  80  percent  of  marine  species  died  out,  most  of  them  the  sorts  of  creatures,  like  grap-tolites, that no longer exist in any form. The extinction event, known as the end-Ordovician, was one of the five biggest of the last half-billion years. It coincided with extreme changes in climate, in global sea levels, and in ocean chemistry—all caused, perhaps, by a supercontinent drifting over the South Pole.Stratigraphers like Zalasiewicz are, as a rule, hard to impress. Their job is to piece together Earth’s history from clues that can be coaxed out of layers of rock millions of years after the fact. They take the long view—the extremely long view—of events, only the most violent of which are likely to leave behind lasting traces. It’s those events that mark the crucial episodes in  the  planet’s  4.5-billion-year  story,  the  turning  points  that  divide  it  into  comprehensible  chapters.from&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The Italian geologist Antonio Stoppani is a remarkable but little known figure in the history of  science  and  the  theoretical  humanities.  Recently,  following  debates  about  the  Anthropo-cene initiated by the Dutch chemist Paul Crutzen, some scholars have returned to Stoppani’s writing for its eloquent argument regarding the appearance of human activity in the archive of deep time—the earth. Born in Lecco in 1824, the young Stoppani studied to become a priest of the order of the Rosminiani, and was ordained in 1848. In the same year, Stoppani partici-pated in the resistance during the Cinque giornate di Milano (Siege of Milan), where he both fought on the barricades and, fantastically, invented and fabricated aerostats that were used to communicate with the periphery and the provinces, sending revolutionary messages to the countryside from inside a barricaded Milano. In this endeavor, he was helped by the typographer Vincenzo Guglielmini, who worked with Stoppani to ensure that the aerostat balloons would travel from the Seminario Maggiore di Porta Orientale over the walls erected around the city (and the Austrians trying to shoot them from the sky) to encourage Italians to revolt against the Austrian Empire.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The Italian geologist Antonio Stoppani is a remarkable but little known figure in the history of  science  and  the  theoretical  humanities.  Recently,  following  debates  about  the  Anthropo-cene initiated by the Dutch chemist Paul Crutzen, some scholars have returned to Stoppani’s writing for its eloquent argument regarding the appearance of human activity in the archive of deep time—the earth. Born in Lecco in 1824, the young Stoppani studied to become a priest of the order of the Rosminiani, and was ordained in 1848. In the same year, Stoppani partici-pated in the resistance during the Cinque giornate di Milano (Siege of Milan), where he both fought on the barricades and, fantastically, invented and fabricated aerostats that were used to communicate with the periphery and the provinces, sending revolutionary messages to the countryside from inside a barricaded Milano. In this endeavor, he was helped by the typographer Vincenzo Guglielmini, who worked with Stoppani to ensure that the aerostat balloons would travel from the Seminario Maggiore di Porta Orientale over the walls erected around the city (and the Austrians trying to shoot them from the sky) to encourage Italians to revolt against the Austrian Empire.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Our species of primate, Homo Sapiens, has been around for perhaps 200,000 years, and since then humans have witnessed two geologic turns. The Pleistocene Epoch lasted from approximately 2,588,000 years to 12,000 years before the present (BP), a period of repeated glaciation during which ice at maximal times covered as much as 30% of the Earth’s landmasses. The Pleistocene turned into the Holocene as the seemingly perpetual El Niño conditions switched off and the ice retreated. The “Recent Time” of this next epoch saw the spread of humanity into virtually every corner of every continent, save the Antarctic. The second turn we’ve seen is from the Holocene  into  the  Anthropocene,  which  Nobel  Laureate  Paul  Crutzen  proposes  began  with  the late 18th-century rise of industrialism. This “Human Time” is marked by a global layer of carbon laid down by the burning of fossil fuels, the emergence of a global stratigraphic event being a commonly accepted marker of a change in epochs.When Paul Crutzen announced in 2000 that we were no longer living in the Holocene, but in a new geologic epoch, he reformulated not only the equation of anthropic effect on landscape, but the timeline of art as we understand it. Now the Holocene was not simply the epoch of human endeavor and image making, but a bridge from the hominids who scratched marks on rock surfaces to those who now leave larger marks inscribed on the land. Both can be construed as attempts to map environments, be they at the small scale of a valley or the large scale of a cosmos, committed with intent to last for millennia or to wash away in the first rain.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Our species of primate, Homo Sapiens, has been around for perhaps 200,000 years, and since then humans have witnessed two geologic turns. The Pleistocene Epoch lasted from approximately 2,588,000 years to 12,000 years before the present (BP), a period of repeated glaciation during which ice at maximal times covered as much as 30% of the Earth’s landmasses. The Pleistocene turned into the Holocene as the seemingly perpetual El Niño conditions switched off and the ice retreated. The “Recent Time” of this next epoch saw the spread of humanity into virtually every corner of every continent, save the Antarctic. The second turn we’ve seen is from the Holocene  into  the  Anthropocene,  which  Nobel  Laureate  Paul  Crutzen  proposes  began  with  the late 18th-century rise of industrialism. This “Human Time” is marked by a global layer of carbon laid down by the burning of fossil fuels, the emergence of a global stratigraphic event being a commonly accepted marker of a change in epochs.When Paul Crutzen announced in 2000 that we were no longer living in the Holocene, but in a new geologic epoch, he reformulated not only the equation of anthropic effect on landscape, but the timeline of art as we understand it. Now the Holocene was not simply the epoch of human endeavor and image making, but a bridge from the hominids who scratched marks on rock surfaces to those who now leave larger marks inscribed on the land. Both can be construed as attempts to map environments, be they at the small scale of a valley or the large scale of a cosmos, committed with intent to last for millennia or to wash away in the first rain.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Ediacaran and Anthropocene</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Poetry as a Reader of Deep Time</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Don McKay</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Two new developments in the taxonomy of temporality provide the focus for this discussion. One is the official recognition of a new, and very old, geologic period, the Ediacaran, now understood to occupy the stretch of deep time between 575 and 542 million years ago, directly preceding the Cambrian, with its remarkable radiation of life forms. This recognition is precipitated by the discovery, dating, and analysis of thirty or so species representing an entirely new biota in the fossil record, the earliest animals on the planet. The other wrinkle in our idea of time involves the proposal to name, or re-name, the current epoch after the species that has been most responsible for its character and style, as well as the content of most of its narratives. “The Anthropocene,” if accepted, would acknowledge ourselves as the superstars we have been for some time.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Two new developments in the taxonomy of temporality provide the focus for this discussion. One is the official recognition of a new, and very old, geologic period, the Ediacaran, now understood to occupy the stretch of deep time between 575 and 542 million years ago, directly preceding the Cambrian, with its remarkable radiation of life forms. This recognition is precipitated by the discovery, dating, and analysis of thirty or so species representing an entirely new biota in the fossil record, the earliest animals on the planet. The other wrinkle in our idea of time involves the proposal to name, or re-name, the current epoch after the species that has been most responsible for its character and style, as well as the content of most of its narratives. “The Anthropocene,” if accepted, would acknowledge ourselves as the superstars we have been for some time.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Modeling Collaborative Practices in the Anthropocene</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Bill Gilbert</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In 1999, the University of New Mexico embarked on an extended experiment in art practice. Over the ensuing twelve years we have developed the Land Arts of the American West program as a model for a place-based education in the arts to prepare our students for the rapidly chang-ing environmental and social context they will enter upon graduation. Our program has developed in a period marked by a dawning awareness that the collective activities  of  our  species  have  impacted  the  planet  over  a  sufficient  time  period  to  qualify  as  a  geologic  epoch,  the  Anthropocene.  With  this  realization  comes  a  daunting  responsibility.  The  arts  must  now  participate  in  our  collective  response  and  contribute  to  a  change  in  our  narrative as a nation and species if the Anthropocene is to extend for thousands of years into the future. To be successful we are going to need a perspective that encompasses the expanse of plan-etary time, not the fleeting moments of pop culture. In our effort to confront the problems we face, the arts can model a new cooperative/collaborative approach that will supplant the current individualistic paradigm. Our attempts to address the implications of an Anthropo-cene Epoch will require a shared multicultural and interdisciplinary perspective that is based in direct engagement with the physical planet.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In 1999, the University of New Mexico embarked on an extended experiment in art practice. Over the ensuing twelve years we have developed the Land Arts of the American West program as a model for a place-based education in the arts to prepare our students for the rapidly chang-ing environmental and social context they will enter upon graduation. Our program has developed in a period marked by a dawning awareness that the collective activities  of  our  species  have  impacted  the  planet  over  a  sufficient  time  period  to  qualify  as  a  geologic  epoch,  the  Anthropocene.  With  this  realization  comes  a  daunting  responsibility.  The  arts  must  now  participate  in  our  collective  response  and  contribute  to  a  change  in  our  narrative as a nation and species if the Anthropocene is to extend for thousands of years into the future. To be successful we are going to need a perspective that encompasses the expanse of plan-etary time, not the fleeting moments of pop culture. In our effort to confront the problems we face, the arts can model a new cooperative/collaborative approach that will supplant the current individualistic paradigm. Our attempts to address the implications of an Anthropo-cene Epoch will require a shared multicultural and interdisciplinary perspective that is based in direct engagement with the physical planet.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Exposing the Anthropocene</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Art and Education in the 'Extraction State'</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Erika Osborne</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>West Virginia University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In the age of the Anthropocene, human impact on a geologic scale infiltrates nearly every aspect of contemporary life. The immense breadth and depth of the changes to the planet that have been caused by this impact have affected my work and my pedagogy as an artist and educator interested in connections between culture and environment.Although  I  have  always  been  interested  in  the  Anthropocene,  my  fascination  with  its  artifacts  grew  when  I  accepted  a  teaching  position  in  the  School  of  Art  and  Design  at  West  Virginia  University  and  moved  to  “The  Mountain  State”—or  what  West  Virginia’s  former  governor and now senator, Joe Manchin, has lovingly called “The Extraction State.” Here, it is obvious that not only have the surface and ecology of mountains changed because of defores-tation, but entire topographies have morphed in a geologic instant as a product of large-scale mountaintop  removal  (MTR)  mining.  This  type  of  mining  is  a  quick,  relatively  inexpensive  process in which the summits of mountains are blasted away to expose coal seams, and the overburden is dumped into adjacent valleys. This anthropocentric practice has come to define the  state  and  has  created  a  battleground,  pitting  local  communities  and  the  mountain  ecol-ogy against an ever-growing, global need for cheap energy. In mined areas of Appalachia, the biodiversity of some of the oldest mountains in the world is obliterated instantly, habitats are immediately lost and clean water sources are buried or left highly contaminated. In addition, the local people often suffer from serious health issues affecting their lungs, kidneys, hearts, and nervous systems. They also suffer economically as property values drop, businesses close, and economic diversity is lost.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In the age of the Anthropocene, human impact on a geologic scale infiltrates nearly every aspect of contemporary life. The immense breadth and depth of the changes to the planet that have been caused by this impact have affected my work and my pedagogy as an artist and educator interested in connections between culture and environment.Although  I  have  always  been  interested  in  the  Anthropocene,  my  fascination  with  its  artifacts  grew  when  I  accepted  a  teaching  position  in  the  School  of  Art  and  Design  at  West  Virginia  University  and  moved  to  “The  Mountain  State”—or  what  West  Virginia’s  former  governor and now senator, Joe Manchin, has lovingly called “The Extraction State.” Here, it is obvious that not only have the surface and ecology of mountains changed because of defores-tation, but entire topographies have morphed in a geologic instant as a product of large-scale mountaintop  removal  (MTR)  mining.  This  type  of  mining  is  a  quick,  relatively  inexpensive  process in which the summits of mountains are blasted away to expose coal seams, and the overburden is dumped into adjacent valleys. This anthropocentric practice has come to define the  state  and  has  created  a  battleground,  pitting  local  communities  and  the  mountain  ecol-ogy against an ever-growing, global need for cheap energy. In mined areas of Appalachia, the biodiversity of some of the oldest mountains in the world is obliterated instantly, habitats are immediately lost and clean water sources are buried or left highly contaminated. In addition, the local people often suffer from serious health issues affecting their lungs, kidneys, hearts, and nervous systems. They also suffer economically as property values drop, businesses close, and economic diversity is lost.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">What is the Exponential?</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Seth Denizen</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>University of Hong Kong</Affiliation>
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            <Affiliation>Washington University in St. Louis</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The  strange  thing  about  these  exponential  curves,  is  that  the  farther  along  the  curve  one  projects  the  present,  the  shorter  the  time  interval  between  successive  points,  until  time  all but stops, in the midst of an immense acceleration.  This is the point at which the curve challenges  us  to  imagine  a  world  defined  not  by  a  time,  but  by  a  speed:    one  which  cannot  be  merely  an  extension  of  our  own,  a  difference  in  degree,  but  rather  something  which  takes  on  a  difference in kind:  another sea, another wind, another world at right angles to our own&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The  strange  thing  about  these  exponential  curves,  is  that  the  farther  along  the  curve  one  projects  the  present,  the  shorter  the  time  interval  between  successive  points,  until  time  all but stops, in the midst of an immense acceleration.  This is the point at which the curve challenges  us  to  imagine  a  world  defined  not  by  a  time,  but  by  a  speed:    one  which  cannot  be  merely  an  extension  of  our  own,  a  difference  in  degree,  but  rather  something  which  takes  on  a  difference in kind:  another sea, another wind, another world at right angles to our own&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">The Dark Flight of Micrometorites</TitleText>
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            <Affiliation>Trinity Christian College</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Every day some 200 tons of extraterrestrial material enter the Earth’s porous atmosphere. The largest of these objects, meteors, become giant fireballs with the ability to light up the daytime sky and can cause local, regional, or global destruction upon impact. Others become shooting stars, neither large enough to survive their fiery trip through the atmosphere, nor small enough to escape their fate. The smallest of these materials, however, make it to the surface of the Earth as micrometeorites without much in the way of fanfare. No fiery explosions in the sky. No damage or destruction. Just a silent fall to Earth.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Every day some 200 tons of extraterrestrial material enter the Earth’s porous atmosphere. The largest of these objects, meteors, become giant fireballs with the ability to light up the daytime sky and can cause local, regional, or global destruction upon impact. Others become shooting stars, neither large enough to survive their fiery trip through the atmosphere, nor small enough to escape their fate. The smallest of these materials, however, make it to the surface of the Earth as micrometeorites without much in the way of fanfare. No fiery explosions in the sky. No damage or destruction. Just a silent fall to Earth.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Packaging Sludge and Silt</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Stephen Dredge Research Collaborative  (Becker</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;A massive, distended tube thirty feet in circumference and one hundred feet long lies on the bank of a drifting river, among the sludge and muck. A thick hose connected to a dredging barge is filling this black bag with the silt that it is sucking out of a nearby shipping channel. Once full, the tube will be tied shut and left in place. Fluids will slowly seep out, leaving dewatered sediments contained within the casing. This is the geo-tube.1A  geo-tube  is  like  an  oversized2  sausage  casing  made  of  “geotextile,”  a  synthetic  fabric  woven  primarily  from  hydrocarbon-derived  polymers.3  When  deployed,  they  are  inflated  by  liquids, slurries, or sediments, depending on their intended use. Geo-tubes find their applica-tion  where  water  meets  land  and  where  landscape  meets  industry.  They  are  deployed  along  riverbanks,  coastlines,  in  shallows,  or  wetlands.  They  have  spread  quickly  thanks  to  their  flexibility, speed of application, and cheapness.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;A massive, distended tube thirty feet in circumference and one hundred feet long lies on the bank of a drifting river, among the sludge and muck. A thick hose connected to a dredging barge is filling this black bag with the silt that it is sucking out of a nearby shipping channel. Once full, the tube will be tied shut and left in place. Fluids will slowly seep out, leaving dewatered sediments contained within the casing. This is the geo-tube.1A  geo-tube  is  like  an  oversized2  sausage  casing  made  of  “geotextile,”  a  synthetic  fabric  woven  primarily  from  hydrocarbon-derived  polymers.3  When  deployed,  they  are  inflated  by  liquids, slurries, or sediments, depending on their intended use. Geo-tubes find their applica-tion  where  water  meets  land  and  where  landscape  meets  industry.  They  are  deployed  along  riverbanks,  coastlines,  in  shallows,  or  wetlands.  They  have  spread  quickly  thanks  to  their  flexibility, speed of application, and cheapness.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Inner-City Glaciers</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Chris Neal MilNeil</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;There is a sediment that hangs in a haze above city streets: a low-dose toxic dust of lead and chromates  from  tire  wear,  clouds  of  carbon  soot  mixed  with  hydrocarbon  gases  and  fine  particles of nitrates, sulfates, and other metals from exhaust pipes. At every stoplight, worn brake linings leave behind microscopic flakes of copper, zinc, and lead.These automotive disjecta membra are rarely visible; you might find them as a dirty streak on a handkerchief after wiping your brow on a humid day, or in the accumulated dust of an a/c unit’s intake. In most situations, these particles either disperse in the winds, or wash away into storm drains during rain showers. But for a few months each year in cities of the upper latitudes, when precipitation falls as snow  and  remains  above-ground  in  snowbanks  for  weeks  at  a  time,  these  sediments  have  a  chance  to  accumulate  in  impressive  and  highly-visible  roadside  deposits.  Many  of  these  cities collect and stockpile their snow in massive municipal “snow dumps” in order to keep city streets and sidewalks clear, thus consolidating the roadside’s silt even further&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;There is a sediment that hangs in a haze above city streets: a low-dose toxic dust of lead and chromates  from  tire  wear,  clouds  of  carbon  soot  mixed  with  hydrocarbon  gases  and  fine  particles of nitrates, sulfates, and other metals from exhaust pipes. At every stoplight, worn brake linings leave behind microscopic flakes of copper, zinc, and lead.These automotive disjecta membra are rarely visible; you might find them as a dirty streak on a handkerchief after wiping your brow on a humid day, or in the accumulated dust of an a/c unit’s intake. In most situations, these particles either disperse in the winds, or wash away into storm drains during rain showers. But for a few months each year in cities of the upper latitudes, when precipitation falls as snow  and  remains  above-ground  in  snowbanks  for  weeks  at  a  time,  these  sediments  have  a  chance  to  accumulate  in  impressive  and  highly-visible  roadside  deposits.  Many  of  these  cities collect and stockpile their snow in massive municipal “snow dumps” in order to keep city streets and sidewalks clear, thus consolidating the roadside’s silt even further&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>MilNeil, Chris Neal</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Imagining the Geologic</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Janike Kampevold Larsen</PersonName>
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          <KeyNames>Larsen</KeyNames>
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            <Affiliation>Oslo School of Architecture and Design</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In The Tertiary History of the Grand Cañon District (1882), US surveyor Clarence E. Dutton writes: “Great innovations, whether in art, literature, in science or in nature, seldom take the world by storm. They must be understood before they can be estimated, and must be cultivated before they can be understood.”1Dutton  himself  cultivates  his  experience  of  the  Grand  Canyon  by  making  imagination  a  tool for fascination. He describes the impression of geologic forces upon himself. In order to explain how he perceives the magnificence of the rock faces he sets them in motion to encour-age  an  understanding  both  of  their  making  and  their  aesthetic  impression:  “the  Vermillion  Cliffs send off buttes,” “the entablature [...] breaks into lofty truncated towers,” “the towers of Short Creek burst into view” (53, 54). The vocabulary is architectural. The canyon is abundant with columns, buttes, terraces, promontories, bays, towers, churches, temples, theaters, and avenues:  “As  we  move  outwards  towards  the  center  of  the  grand  avenue  the  immensity  and  beautiful proportions of the walls develop”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In The Tertiary History of the Grand Cañon District (1882), US surveyor Clarence E. Dutton writes: “Great innovations, whether in art, literature, in science or in nature, seldom take the world by storm. They must be understood before they can be estimated, and must be cultivated before they can be understood.”1Dutton  himself  cultivates  his  experience  of  the  Grand  Canyon  by  making  imagination  a  tool for fascination. He describes the impression of geologic forces upon himself. In order to explain how he perceives the magnificence of the rock faces he sets them in motion to encour-age  an  understanding  both  of  their  making  and  their  aesthetic  impression:  “the  Vermillion  Cliffs send off buttes,” “the entablature [...] breaks into lofty truncated towers,” “the towers of Short Creek burst into view” (53, 54). The vocabulary is architectural. The canyon is abundant with columns, buttes, terraces, promontories, bays, towers, churches, temples, theaters, and avenues:  “As  we  move  outwards  towards  the  center  of  the  grand  avenue  the  immensity  and  beautiful proportions of the walls develop”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Larsen, Janike Kampevold</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Ultra-Diamond / Super-Value</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Oliver Goodhall</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>Royal College of Art</Affiliation>
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          <PersonName>David Benqué</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>David</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Benqué</KeyNames>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The diamond, as we know it, is a unique example of marketing and monetization of a geological resource.  Through  careful  supply-control,  advertising,  and  cultural  massaging,  the  industry  has managed to mythologize a geological material in cultures around the world. Throughout the  20th  century,  rituals,  expectation,  and  meaning  have  been  intentionally  crafted  around  the  diamond  through  tales  of  rarity  and  carat-value.  A  complete  mythology,  ranging  from  sparkling wedding rings to shady deals and overworked mines, surrounds each of these stones and furthers the mystery as well as desire. As  a  counterpoint  to  this  aesthetic  industry,  a  new  functional  aspect  is  emerging  as  dia-monds are grown in the lab with ever increasing control and huge promises for technological applications. The unique properties of diamond as a super-material open up potentially revo-lutionary  breakthroughs  in  fields  as  varied  as  quantum  computing,  electronics,  biosensors,  and clean energy.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The diamond, as we know it, is a unique example of marketing and monetization of a geological resource.  Through  careful  supply-control,  advertising,  and  cultural  massaging,  the  industry  has managed to mythologize a geological material in cultures around the world. Throughout the  20th  century,  rituals,  expectation,  and  meaning  have  been  intentionally  crafted  around  the  diamond  through  tales  of  rarity  and  carat-value.  A  complete  mythology,  ranging  from  sparkling wedding rings to shady deals and overworked mines, surrounds each of these stones and furthers the mystery as well as desire. As  a  counterpoint  to  this  aesthetic  industry,  a  new  functional  aspect  is  emerging  as  dia-monds are grown in the lab with ever increasing control and huge promises for technological applications. The unique properties of diamond as a super-material open up potentially revo-lutionary  breakthroughs  in  fields  as  varied  as  quantum  computing,  electronics,  biosensors,  and clean energy.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Goodhall, Oliver</PersonName>
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            <PersonName>Benque, David </PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">The Not-So-Sold Earth</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Remembering New Madrid</Subtitle>
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          <ContributorRole>A01</ContributorRole>
          <PersonName>Julia Kagan</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Julia</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Kagan</KeyNames>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;“What would happen to our thinking about nature if we experienced [non-human] materialities as actants?” Jane Bennett asks in Vibrant Matter: A Political Ecology of Things. One result might be a different way of thinking about earthquakes. The stresses and fault lines and tectonic-plate collisions that produce them are material forces whose actions can reshape the world in ways that profoundly affect human life. Earthquakes remind us that human lives take place against a background of geologic time and that human agency, however nature-bending, is ultimately shaped by the non-human context in which it operates. Living in a known quake zone where Earth’s tectonic plates meet means inhabiting a geol-ogy  that  feels  very  much  alive,  not  buried  in  the  remote  past.  Think  Japan,  Chile,  and  the  other  nations  along  the  Pacific  “rim  of  fire,”  not  to  mention  its  eastern  border:  California,  the American northwest and Alaska. This doesn’t mean that those who reside far from plate margins live in safety. Perhaps the strongest earthquakes to hit the United States in recorded history  were  intraplate,  as  geologists  term  it,  not  at  a  tectonic  edge.  They  happened  exactly  200 years ago in the middle of the North American Plate, in a place called New Madrid in the Mississippi  River  Valley.  Three  huge  quakes  hit  from  December  to  February  1811-12,  with  estimated  magnitudes  (the  seismograph  was  not  invented  until  1896)  as  high  as  8.1.  The  anniversary is a reminder that reverberations from immeasurably ancient geologic events can burst into the present without warning.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;“What would happen to our thinking about nature if we experienced [non-human] materialities as actants?” Jane Bennett asks in Vibrant Matter: A Political Ecology of Things. One result might be a different way of thinking about earthquakes. The stresses and fault lines and tectonic-plate collisions that produce them are material forces whose actions can reshape the world in ways that profoundly affect human life. Earthquakes remind us that human lives take place against a background of geologic time and that human agency, however nature-bending, is ultimately shaped by the non-human context in which it operates. Living in a known quake zone where Earth’s tectonic plates meet means inhabiting a geol-ogy  that  feels  very  much  alive,  not  buried  in  the  remote  past.  Think  Japan,  Chile,  and  the  other  nations  along  the  Pacific  “rim  of  fire,”  not  to  mention  its  eastern  border:  California,  the American northwest and Alaska. This doesn’t mean that those who reside far from plate margins live in safety. Perhaps the strongest earthquakes to hit the United States in recorded history  were  intraplate,  as  geologists  term  it,  not  at  a  tectonic  edge.  They  happened  exactly  200 years ago in the middle of the North American Plate, in a place called New Madrid in the Mississippi  River  Valley.  Three  huge  quakes  hit  from  December  to  February  1811-12,  with  estimated  magnitudes  (the  seismograph  was  not  invented  until  1896)  as  high  as  8.1.  The  anniversary is a reminder that reverberations from immeasurably ancient geologic events can burst into the present without warning.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Kagan, Julia</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Distributed Evidence</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Mapping Named Erractics</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Jane Hutton</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>Harvard University</Affiliation>
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            <Affiliation>University of Waterloo</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This project maps a series of boulders that were plucked, transported, and deposited by the toe-line of the retreating Late-Wisconsin and pre-Wisconsin ice sheets in North America and subsequently  named,  relocated,  modified,  and  celebrated  by  people.  They  are  the  glacially  distributed  sites  of  council  meetings,  picnics,  political  movements,  and  territorial  markers.    They are inscribed with discrepant personal, regional, and national narratives and at the same time they declare their foreign origin through their conspicuous mineral composition and form. In  the  mid-19th  century  such  boulders  served  as  critical  evidence  for  piecing  together  a  theory  of  glaciation,  and  consequently  an  idea  of  geologic  time  and  the  location  of  humans  within  it.  While  their  scientific  importance  waned  in  the  20th  century,  outside  and  along-side  geology  they  are  critical  objects  for  reflections  on  time  and  space  of  various  scales  and  consequences. They refer simultaneously to different moments in time: their geogenic forma-tion,  their  glacial  deposition,  and  specific  events  in  cultural  history,  as  they  are  sometimes  literally  carved  with  a  date.  They  are  heavy,  insistent  markers  in  space,  yet  they  indicate  a  remote origin—and therefore the journey between two sites—and they continue to be moved or changed by ensuing human forces. The naming, photographing, and feting of the boulders collated and mapped here signal their role as persistent devices for locating deep time within the present and grappling with the continuum of geological and human action.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This project maps a series of boulders that were plucked, transported, and deposited by the toe-line of the retreating Late-Wisconsin and pre-Wisconsin ice sheets in North America and subsequently  named,  relocated,  modified,  and  celebrated  by  people.  They  are  the  glacially  distributed  sites  of  council  meetings,  picnics,  political  movements,  and  territorial  markers.    They are inscribed with discrepant personal, regional, and national narratives and at the same time they declare their foreign origin through their conspicuous mineral composition and form. In  the  mid-19th  century  such  boulders  served  as  critical  evidence  for  piecing  together  a  theory  of  glaciation,  and  consequently  an  idea  of  geologic  time  and  the  location  of  humans  within  it.  While  their  scientific  importance  waned  in  the  20th  century,  outside  and  along-side  geology  they  are  critical  objects  for  reflections  on  time  and  space  of  various  scales  and  consequences. They refer simultaneously to different moments in time: their geogenic forma-tion,  their  glacial  deposition,  and  specific  events  in  cultural  history,  as  they  are  sometimes  literally  carved  with  a  date.  They  are  heavy,  insistent  markers  in  space,  yet  they  indicate  a  remote origin—and therefore the journey between two sites—and they continue to be moved or changed by ensuing human forces. The naming, photographing, and feting of the boulders collated and mapped here signal their role as persistent devices for locating deep time within the present and grappling with the continuum of geological and human action.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Hutton, Jane</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Landscapes of Erasure</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">The Removal-And Persistence-Of Place</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Paul Lloyd Sargent</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>University at Buffalo, State University of New York</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;What  lexicon  or  neologisms  might  we  use  to  speak  of  places  removed  by  human  force?  Not  by natural disaster, like the city of Pompeii or the Japanese fishing village of Minamisanriku, destroyed in the tsunami of 2011.1 Nor by the horrors of war or catastrophes of technology, as  in  Virilio’s  obsession  with  the  accident,2  like  those  at  Chernobyl  and  Three  Mile  Island,  or the toxic morass at Love Canal in Niagara Falls.3 Instead, I consider here what I am calling landscapes of erasure: the large-scale, intentional removal of socio-cultural place through processes of  engineering,  often  due—but  not  limited—to  industries  of  extraction,  power  generation,  and shipping and transport. That is, I am exploring the erasure of material and socio-cultural landscape  by  human  forces  operating  at  the  geologic  scale  because  such  scale  reveals  and  magnifies the consequences of human interaction with the land, both intentional and otherwise.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;What  lexicon  or  neologisms  might  we  use  to  speak  of  places  removed  by  human  force?  Not  by natural disaster, like the city of Pompeii or the Japanese fishing village of Minamisanriku, destroyed in the tsunami of 2011.1 Nor by the horrors of war or catastrophes of technology, as  in  Virilio’s  obsession  with  the  accident,2  like  those  at  Chernobyl  and  Three  Mile  Island,  or the toxic morass at Love Canal in Niagara Falls.3 Instead, I consider here what I am calling landscapes of erasure: the large-scale, intentional removal of socio-cultural place through processes of  engineering,  often  due—but  not  limited—to  industries  of  extraction,  power  generation,  and shipping and transport. That is, I am exploring the erasure of material and socio-cultural landscape  by  human  forces  operating  at  the  geologic  scale  because  such  scale  reveals  and  magnifies the consequences of human interaction with the land, both intentional and otherwise.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <PersonName>Sargent, Paul Lloyd</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Being With(in) the Geolithic</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Internet as Shamanic Tool</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Anthony Easton</PersonName>
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          <PersonName>Rachel E. McRae</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Rachel E.</NamesBeforeKey>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;As the medium shaping much of our current world view and mapping our interior geography, the landscape of the internet also frames our contemporary sensings of the geologic. But between the thinking and the experiencing of internet time and geologic/deep time, a fissure opens up. How do we reconcile the co-existence, both corporeal and intellectual, of two distinctly different conceptions of time and permanence: one a web-space where the longevity of a place or object is dependent upon its continuous viewership and refresh-rate, and the other a slowly shifting behemoth we physically travel across? How might an embodied knowing, a deep-knowing of deep-time, locate itself within the speed-driven space of the internet?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;As the medium shaping much of our current world view and mapping our interior geography, the landscape of the internet also frames our contemporary sensings of the geologic. But between the thinking and the experiencing of internet time and geologic/deep time, a fissure opens up. How do we reconcile the co-existence, both corporeal and intellectual, of two distinctly different conceptions of time and permanence: one a web-space where the longevity of a place or object is dependent upon its continuous viewership and refresh-rate, and the other a slowly shifting behemoth we physically travel across? How might an embodied knowing, a deep-knowing of deep-time, locate itself within the speed-driven space of the internet?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Easton, Anthony</PersonName>
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            <PersonName>McRae, Racheal E.</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Land Making Machines</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Brian Davis</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Cubits Gap is a major subdelta of the Mississippi River. The gap formed in 1862 after an oyster fisherman, Cubit, and his daughters excavated a small ditch in the levee between the River and the oyster-rich Bay Ronde. Intending to make an easier portage for their rowboat, they created a small crevasse. In springtime, meltwater poured through it. Six years later the crevasse was 2,427 feet wide [Ref. 1]. By 1940 a landmass larger than New Orleans had been created and the Bay Ronde had completely disappeared. Today the Cubits Gap subdelta is 40,000 acres of National Wildlife Refuge and is quickly subsiding back into the Gulf of Mexico, a microcosm of the dynamism and potentiality of the Mississippi River as the great land making machine [LMM].1This LMM built the Mississippi Delta over the last 5,000 years with the massive slurry loads it transports from the heart of the continent to the Gulf of Mexico. It is estimated that before 1930, this load was about 400 million tons of sediment per year [Ref. 2]. Since 1930, this load has decreased significantly. Current estimates range from 145 million to 230 million tons per year. This reduction can be explained, in part, by the 1936 Flood Control Act and the decision by Congress to reconstruct the river as a flood control and navigation system on a continental scale.2  Despite  this  massive  reduction,  the  LMM  still  discharges  sediment  at  a  rate  roughly  equal to that of the next six largest rivers in the United States combined [Ref. 3]. Most of this sediment is no longer used to continuously build the delta. Rather, thanks to the 1870’s engi-neering of Capt. James Eads, it is shot out into deepwater in the Gulf of Mexico.3 Since 1930 a landmass approximating the size of Delaware has been lost from the Louisiana coast [Ref. 4]. But the potential of the LMM remains.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Cubits Gap is a major subdelta of the Mississippi River. The gap formed in 1862 after an oyster fisherman, Cubit, and his daughters excavated a small ditch in the levee between the River and the oyster-rich Bay Ronde. Intending to make an easier portage for their rowboat, they created a small crevasse. In springtime, meltwater poured through it. Six years later the crevasse was 2,427 feet wide [Ref. 1]. By 1940 a landmass larger than New Orleans had been created and the Bay Ronde had completely disappeared. Today the Cubits Gap subdelta is 40,000 acres of National Wildlife Refuge and is quickly subsiding back into the Gulf of Mexico, a microcosm of the dynamism and potentiality of the Mississippi River as the great land making machine [LMM].1This LMM built the Mississippi Delta over the last 5,000 years with the massive slurry loads it transports from the heart of the continent to the Gulf of Mexico. It is estimated that before 1930, this load was about 400 million tons of sediment per year [Ref. 2]. Since 1930, this load has decreased significantly. Current estimates range from 145 million to 230 million tons per year. This reduction can be explained, in part, by the 1936 Flood Control Act and the decision by Congress to reconstruct the river as a flood control and navigation system on a continental scale.2  Despite  this  massive  reduction,  the  LMM  still  discharges  sediment  at  a  rate  roughly  equal to that of the next six largest rivers in the United States combined [Ref. 3]. Most of this sediment is no longer used to continuously build the delta. Rather, thanks to the 1870’s engi-neering of Capt. James Eads, it is shot out into deepwater in the Gulf of Mexico.3 Since 1930 a landmass approximating the size of Delaware has been lost from the Louisiana coast [Ref. 4]. But the potential of the LMM remains.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Davis, Brian</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Space-Time Vertigo</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Brett Milligan</PersonName>
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          <KeyNames>Milligan</KeyNames>
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              <IDValue>0293rh119</IDValue>
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            <Affiliation>University of Oregon</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In  1897  the  United  States  Geological  Survey  (USGS)  began  the  task  of  surveying  the  entire  nation.  From  1897  to  1992  the  survey  produced  over  55,000  7.5-minute  topography  maps,  creating the only uniform map covering the entire extent of the lower continental 48 states in detail.1 These surveys became the definitive source for remote sensing2 the country’s lands and what was being inscribed upon them. In contrast to its strictly ‘geologic’ surveys, inventories of subsurface mineral deposits, USGS topographic maps gave equal consideration to surficial landscape features (landforms, rivers, and streams) as well as our cultural alteration of those forms and surfaces. Because the topographic surveys mapped the cultural terrain, they needed to be periodically updated to include how our use of the landscape was changing it.Figure  1  shows  two  USGS  topographic  maps  depicting  the  same  location  and  extent  of  Basin and Range territory in southwestern New Mexico. The first was surveyed around 1915 and  the  second  around  1992.  In  the  interval  between  them,  the  survey’s  conventions  for  drawing the landscape remained largely the same. Differences in style are subtle in compari-son to the massive physical changes in the terrain they depict. What in 1915 was a landscape of undulating hills, underground mine shafts and the sprawling town of Tyrone has vanished within  the  manufactured  geography  of  an  open-pit  copper  mine.  In  the  process,  over  seven  contiguous miles of the former Continental Divide was displaced from its former location.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In  1897  the  United  States  Geological  Survey  (USGS)  began  the  task  of  surveying  the  entire  nation.  From  1897  to  1992  the  survey  produced  over  55,000  7.5-minute  topography  maps,  creating the only uniform map covering the entire extent of the lower continental 48 states in detail.1 These surveys became the definitive source for remote sensing2 the country’s lands and what was being inscribed upon them. In contrast to its strictly ‘geologic’ surveys, inventories of subsurface mineral deposits, USGS topographic maps gave equal consideration to surficial landscape features (landforms, rivers, and streams) as well as our cultural alteration of those forms and surfaces. Because the topographic surveys mapped the cultural terrain, they needed to be periodically updated to include how our use of the landscape was changing it.Figure  1  shows  two  USGS  topographic  maps  depicting  the  same  location  and  extent  of  Basin and Range territory in southwestern New Mexico. The first was surveyed around 1915 and  the  second  around  1992.  In  the  interval  between  them,  the  survey’s  conventions  for  drawing the landscape remained largely the same. Differences in style are subtle in compari-son to the massive physical changes in the terrain they depict. What in 1915 was a landscape of undulating hills, underground mine shafts and the sprawling town of Tyrone has vanished within  the  manufactured  geography  of  an  open-pit  copper  mine.  In  the  process,  over  seven  contiguous miles of the former Continental Divide was displaced from its former location.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Fertilizing Earthworks</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Chris Taylor</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>Texas Tech University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Earthworks map the intersection of human construction and geomorphology. They begin with land  and  extend  through  the  complex  social  and  ecological  processes  that  create  landscape.  Propelled by the legacy of John Brinkerhoff Jackson, our understanding of earthworks as sites where the human and the geologic intersect has expanded to encompass human settlements, monumental artworks and industrial installations, as well as traces of their construction and decay, ranging from geologic material and weather to cigarette butts and hydroelectric dams.Since  humans  took  an  active  role  in  cultivating  food  and  medicine,  nearly  10,000  years  ago, we have been involved in shaping the surface of the earth and learned quickly the impor-tance of maintaining soil fertility by adding available organic nutrients to the ground. Human development occurred over millennia precisely because of our ability to sustain ourselves in the places where we lived. Understanding the chemical make up of soil fertility began with the identification of the key ingredients: phosphorus in 1669, nitrogen in 1772, and potassium in 1807. Nitrogen, while comprising 78% of the earth’s atmosphere, was the most difficult to isolate.  Feeding  the  biological  hunger  for  usable  nitrogen  to  create  chemical  fertilizers  required a source for naturally occurring nirates—nitrogen-oxygen chemical units accessible to reaction. The arrival of industrialization, ushering in the Anthropocene, is marked by the human ability to move vast quantities of geologic material.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Earthworks map the intersection of human construction and geomorphology. They begin with land  and  extend  through  the  complex  social  and  ecological  processes  that  create  landscape.  Propelled by the legacy of John Brinkerhoff Jackson, our understanding of earthworks as sites where the human and the geologic intersect has expanded to encompass human settlements, monumental artworks and industrial installations, as well as traces of their construction and decay, ranging from geologic material and weather to cigarette butts and hydroelectric dams.Since  humans  took  an  active  role  in  cultivating  food  and  medicine,  nearly  10,000  years  ago, we have been involved in shaping the surface of the earth and learned quickly the impor-tance of maintaining soil fertility by adding available organic nutrients to the ground. Human development occurred over millennia precisely because of our ability to sustain ourselves in the places where we lived. Understanding the chemical make up of soil fertility began with the identification of the key ingredients: phosphorus in 1669, nitrogen in 1772, and potassium in 1807. Nitrogen, while comprising 78% of the earth’s atmosphere, was the most difficult to isolate.  Feeding  the  biological  hunger  for  usable  nitrogen  to  create  chemical  fertilizers  required a source for naturally occurring nirates—nitrogen-oxygen chemical units accessible to reaction. The arrival of industrialization, ushering in the Anthropocene, is marked by the human ability to move vast quantities of geologic material.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Taylor, Chris</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Blank Stare (10 Images and Corresponding Notes on the Pensive in Photography and its Utility in the Face of Catastrophe, as Excerpted from A History of the Future)</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Susannah Sayler</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>Syracuse University</Affiliation>
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          <PersonName>Edward Morris</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>Syracuse University</Affiliation>
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          <PersonName>The Canary Project</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Most of us barely know how to read the land. But once you start to learn, even a little, you are confronted everywhere with absence. You are drawn back into the past, and this seems, at first, the only direction you can go. You see glaciers in the striations on the stone, the flatness of the valley at the foot of the mountain, the melt water, the rocks left in a field thousands of years ago by the withdrawal of a nearly unimaginable force. Yet, feeling the past in this way is like taking a few, hard steps up a hill, gaining elevation from which you ultimately hope to see in all directions, even the future...&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Most of us barely know how to read the land. But once you start to learn, even a little, you are confronted everywhere with absence. You are drawn back into the past, and this seems, at first, the only direction you can go. You see glaciers in the striations on the stone, the flatness of the valley at the foot of the mountain, the melt water, the rocks left in a field thousands of years ago by the withdrawal of a nearly unimaginable force. Yet, feeling the past in this way is like taking a few, hard steps up a hill, gaining elevation from which you ultimately hope to see in all directions, even the future...&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The first photograph of Trevor Paglen’s 2010 diptych, Artifacts, is familiar. Picturing ancient ruins nestled in the cliffs of Arizona’s Canyon de Chelly, it echoes a 1873 photograph by Timo-thy O’Sullivan and a 1941 photograph by Ansel Adams. Paglen’s photograph, like its anteced-ents, is rendered in sharp-focus, without color, dominated by dramatic, diagonal striations of the cliff face. It frames the archeological history of the ruin within the geological history of the canyon within the cultural history of photography.Canyon de Chelly is actually the intersection of several canyons, formed by slow erosion over thirty  million  years  ago.  The  angled  striations  seen  in  the  photograph  expose  even  older  geo-logical processes, layers of sediment compressing into strata then shifting, rising, and tilting. Between  the  1st  and  4th  century,  people  now  called  the  Anasazi  settled  in  the  canyon.  They  built  the  structure  in  this  photograph  around  the  year  1000,  and,  300  years  later,  they  had  disappeared.  Navajo  tribes  spreading  across  the  Southwest  discovered  the  ruins  already  500  years old. In the 18th century, Spanish colonists ventured into the canyon and soon they were converting and killing Navajos who lived there&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The first photograph of Trevor Paglen’s 2010 diptych, Artifacts, is familiar. Picturing ancient ruins nestled in the cliffs of Arizona’s Canyon de Chelly, it echoes a 1873 photograph by Timo-thy O’Sullivan and a 1941 photograph by Ansel Adams. Paglen’s photograph, like its anteced-ents, is rendered in sharp-focus, without color, dominated by dramatic, diagonal striations of the cliff face. It frames the archeological history of the ruin within the geological history of the canyon within the cultural history of photography.Canyon de Chelly is actually the intersection of several canyons, formed by slow erosion over thirty  million  years  ago.  The  angled  striations  seen  in  the  photograph  expose  even  older  geo-logical processes, layers of sediment compressing into strata then shifting, rising, and tilting. Between  the  1st  and  4th  century,  people  now  called  the  Anasazi  settled  in  the  canyon.  They  built  the  structure  in  this  photograph  around  the  year  1000,  and,  300  years  later,  they  had  disappeared.  Navajo  tribes  spreading  across  the  Southwest  discovered  the  ruins  already  500  years old. In the 18th century, Spanish colonists ventured into the canyon and soon they were converting and killing Navajos who lived there&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;PAGLEN: This  is  something  that  I  think  about  a  lot.  One  thing  that  interests  me  about  this idea of thinking geologically, or using the geologic as a kind of analytic framework or ap-proach is this: What would happen if you took geographic thinking and instead of putting it on a horizontal axis, you added a vertical axis to it, a temporal axis? You would be thinking not only about unevenness of the surface of the Earth, but also about the multiple ways in which time itself is uneven. If we go back to all the nineteenth century talk of the “annihilation of space  and  time,”  we  find  the  beginnings  of  a  world  in  which  humans  have  reshaped  time  in  the interest of capital and warfare. Mostly, we think about this in terms of speeding up time (increasing capitalist turnover times, labor productivity, financial transactions in the case of capital, and things like GPS targeting and hypersonic cruise missiles in the case of militarism).&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;PAGLEN: This  is  something  that  I  think  about  a  lot.  One  thing  that  interests  me  about  this idea of thinking geologically, or using the geologic as a kind of analytic framework or ap-proach is this: What would happen if you took geographic thinking and instead of putting it on a horizontal axis, you added a vertical axis to it, a temporal axis? You would be thinking not only about unevenness of the surface of the Earth, but also about the multiple ways in which time itself is uneven. If we go back to all the nineteenth century talk of the “annihilation of space  and  time,”  we  find  the  beginnings  of  a  world  in  which  humans  have  reshaped  time  in  the interest of capital and warfare. Mostly, we think about this in terms of speeding up time (increasing capitalist turnover times, labor productivity, financial transactions in the case of capital, and things like GPS targeting and hypersonic cruise missiles in the case of militarism).&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Ephemeral islands, petrified raindrops, volcanic dust from Pompeii, a shared birthday with a volcano. Certain geological processes have a way of evoking a more personal response to the idea of geological time. What does a time span of 300,000,000 years actually mean? Physical Geology is an ongoing project which explores our desire to make corporeal contact with geo-logical phenomena.While conducting research as an Alchemy Fellow at the Manchester Museum, in the “oddi-ties drawer” of the geology department I came across a fine collection of lava medallions from Mount  Vesuvius,  magma  pressed  between  forged  steel  plates  to  form  an  imprint  (imagine  a waffle iron that uses lava as batter). In the same drawer, a small stone relief sculpture ap-peared to be carved out of pure white alabaster. In fact, it was a limestone cast created via the same process that forms stalactites in a cave.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Ephemeral islands, petrified raindrops, volcanic dust from Pompeii, a shared birthday with a volcano. Certain geological processes have a way of evoking a more personal response to the idea of geological time. What does a time span of 300,000,000 years actually mean? Physical Geology is an ongoing project which explores our desire to make corporeal contact with geo-logical phenomena.While conducting research as an Alchemy Fellow at the Manchester Museum, in the “oddi-ties drawer” of the geology department I came across a fine collection of lava medallions from Mount  Vesuvius,  magma  pressed  between  forged  steel  plates  to  form  an  imprint  (imagine  a waffle iron that uses lava as batter). In the same drawer, a small stone relief sculpture ap-peared to be carved out of pure white alabaster. In fact, it was a limestone cast created via the same process that forms stalactites in a cave.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <Subtitle language="eng">Surviving the Pleistocene in Southern California</Subtitle>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The  Oldest  Living  Things  in  the  World  are  continuously  living  organisms  2,000  years  old  and older. Starting at “year zero” and looking back from there, they help reframe our personal timescale  in  a  shift  towards  the  long  term  well  beyond  a  single  human  lifetime.  There  are  a  number of characteristics that many of these ancient organisms have in common, such as slow growth  rates  and  the  ability  to  thrive  in  adverse  conditions.  Likewise,  there  are  geographic  concentrations of these multi-millennials in the Mediterranean and Australia (and it should be  noted  that  there  are  many  parts  of  the  world  that  have  not  enjoyed  the  same  dedicated  scientific attentions), but one of the largest known geographical concentrations of ancient life anywhere on the planet happens to be in Southern California. If you ask someone what the oldest trees in United States are, the answer is often the Red-woods. It’s an understandable mistake: they are majestic, breathtakingly large, and admirable in both girth and height.  But while the Redwoods hold records for certain superlatives, their cousins to the south, the Giant Sequoias, are older. And even then, the Giant Sequoias are in fact  the  youngest  of  the  five  species  in  California  alone  that  have  surpassed  the  2000-year  mark.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The  Oldest  Living  Things  in  the  World  are  continuously  living  organisms  2,000  years  old  and older. Starting at “year zero” and looking back from there, they help reframe our personal timescale  in  a  shift  towards  the  long  term  well  beyond  a  single  human  lifetime.  There  are  a  number of characteristics that many of these ancient organisms have in common, such as slow growth  rates  and  the  ability  to  thrive  in  adverse  conditions.  Likewise,  there  are  geographic  concentrations of these multi-millennials in the Mediterranean and Australia (and it should be  noted  that  there  are  many  parts  of  the  world  that  have  not  enjoyed  the  same  dedicated  scientific attentions), but one of the largest known geographical concentrations of ancient life anywhere on the planet happens to be in Southern California. If you ask someone what the oldest trees in United States are, the answer is often the Red-woods. It’s an understandable mistake: they are majestic, breathtakingly large, and admirable in both girth and height.  But while the Redwoods hold records for certain superlatives, their cousins to the south, the Giant Sequoias, are older. And even then, the Giant Sequoias are in fact  the  youngest  of  the  five  species  in  California  alone  that  have  surpassed  the  2000-year  mark.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In the late 18th century, James Hutton’s insights opened new worlds, both geological and cul-tural. For the first time, human identity could be placed against a geological timescale, allowing the emergence of new mythologies. Hutton’s theory, underpinned by the concept of geological “unconformity,” the interruption in the “rock record” of the natural sequence of rocks, led to a new scientific and rational understanding of geology. That new understanding led to the ques-tioning of creation mythologies through empirical science, creating senses of displacement or “unconformity” among people during the Enlightenment. Humans found their senses of self and their traditional mythologies displaced in relation to, or not conforming to, the notion of deep time.As  the  science  of  Geology  set  about  developing  an  empirical  understanding  of  the  “abyss  of time” (as described by John Playfair) and reconstructing Earth history (the “worlds before Adam” in the words of Martin Rudwick), artists wrestled with a different problem: how to build new  mythologies  that  situated  humankind’s  sense  of  self  in  relationship  to  this  longest  of  all  time-signatures. The different historical responses we present here conclude with the produc-tion of “nonconformities” in the landscape by contemporary artists who are re-appropriating geologic science as the material for new mythologies that connect human time to deep time.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In the late 18th century, James Hutton’s insights opened new worlds, both geological and cul-tural. For the first time, human identity could be placed against a geological timescale, allowing the emergence of new mythologies. Hutton’s theory, underpinned by the concept of geological “unconformity,” the interruption in the “rock record” of the natural sequence of rocks, led to a new scientific and rational understanding of geology. That new understanding led to the ques-tioning of creation mythologies through empirical science, creating senses of displacement or “unconformity” among people during the Enlightenment. Humans found their senses of self and their traditional mythologies displaced in relation to, or not conforming to, the notion of deep time.As  the  science  of  Geology  set  about  developing  an  empirical  understanding  of  the  “abyss  of time” (as described by John Playfair) and reconstructing Earth history (the “worlds before Adam” in the words of Martin Rudwick), artists wrestled with a different problem: how to build new  mythologies  that  situated  humankind’s  sense  of  self  in  relationship  to  this  longest  of  all  time-signatures. The different historical responses we present here conclude with the produc-tion of “nonconformities” in the landscape by contemporary artists who are re-appropriating geologic science as the material for new mythologies that connect human time to deep time.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;During the early research phase of a large Arts-Sciences-Design collaboration in the UK, I joined a site visit to the Portland stone quarry on the south coast of the UK, part of the area designated  as  the  “Jurassic  Coastline”  World  Heritage  Site.  I  was  part  of  a  small  team  com-prised of meteorologist Dr. Janet Barlow, composer and sound expert Holger Zschenderlein, and myself as artist and designer. We were in the midst of exploring concepts of time, mate-rial  evidence,  data,  and  embodied  cognition/experience  especially  connected  with  complex  systems in the atmosphere and our understanding of them.We  started  our  process  by  visiting  the  Portland  Stone  quarry  (Portland  Bill,  Dorset  UK).  This site presents a kind of “time interface” in two entirely different ways: 1) the collision of a rock formation of equatorial marine origin; Portland Bill itself as part of an “object” traveling from the equator eventually to what is now the south coast of England and embedding in the sedimentary rocks of that place. Here the differences in material properties along the collision zone altered the local erosion behavior and continues to modify the coastline. Places are acces-sible where a cross section of the collision zone can be seen; and 2) places where a vertical slice is visible through the integral, layered record within the Portland stone itself of alternating periods of forestation, shoreline formation, and subsequent reforestation forming a kind of “grammar” of observable repetition.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;During the early research phase of a large Arts-Sciences-Design collaboration in the UK, I joined a site visit to the Portland stone quarry on the south coast of the UK, part of the area designated  as  the  “Jurassic  Coastline”  World  Heritage  Site.  I  was  part  of  a  small  team  com-prised of meteorologist Dr. Janet Barlow, composer and sound expert Holger Zschenderlein, and myself as artist and designer. We were in the midst of exploring concepts of time, mate-rial  evidence,  data,  and  embodied  cognition/experience  especially  connected  with  complex  systems in the atmosphere and our understanding of them.We  started  our  process  by  visiting  the  Portland  Stone  quarry  (Portland  Bill,  Dorset  UK).  This site presents a kind of “time interface” in two entirely different ways: 1) the collision of a rock formation of equatorial marine origin; Portland Bill itself as part of an “object” traveling from the equator eventually to what is now the south coast of England and embedding in the sedimentary rocks of that place. Here the differences in material properties along the collision zone altered the local erosion behavior and continues to modify the coastline. Places are acces-sible where a cross section of the collision zone can be seen; and 2) places where a vertical slice is visible through the integral, layered record within the Portland stone itself of alternating periods of forestation, shoreline formation, and subsequent reforestation forming a kind of “grammar” of observable repetition.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Robert Smithson's Abstract Geology</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Revisiting the Premonitory Politics of the Triassic</Subtitle>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In  response  to  an  artist  symposium  question  regarding  the  “deepening  political  crisis  in  America,”  Robert  Smithson  published  a  piece  in  Artforum,  September  1970,  titled  “Art  and  the Political Whirlpool or the Politics of Disgust.” In it, he said: My ‘position’ is one of sinking into an awareness of global squalor and futility. The rat of poli-tics always gnaws at the cheese of art. The trap is set. If there’s an original curse, then politics has  something  to  do  with  it.  Direct  political  action  becomes  a  matter  of  trying  to  pick  poi-son  out  of  boiling  stew.  The  pain  of  this  experience  accelerates  the  need  for  more  and  more  actions.1Later that same year, when asked about his political stance by Philip Leider, Smithson re-marked, “I’m interested in the politics of the Triassic period.” In an earlier essay, “The Crystal Land” (1966), Smithson suggested some of the sedimentary compositions at stake in a geo-artistic politics:Brian H. Mason, in his fascinating booklet, Trap Rock Minerals of New Jersey, speaks of the “Triassic sedimentary rocks of the Neward series,” which are related to those of the Palisades.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In  response  to  an  artist  symposium  question  regarding  the  “deepening  political  crisis  in  America,”  Robert  Smithson  published  a  piece  in  Artforum,  September  1970,  titled  “Art  and  the Political Whirlpool or the Politics of Disgust.” In it, he said: My ‘position’ is one of sinking into an awareness of global squalor and futility. The rat of poli-tics always gnaws at the cheese of art. The trap is set. If there’s an original curse, then politics has  something  to  do  with  it.  Direct  political  action  becomes  a  matter  of  trying  to  pick  poi-son  out  of  boiling  stew.  The  pain  of  this  experience  accelerates  the  need  for  more  and  more  actions.1Later that same year, when asked about his political stance by Philip Leider, Smithson re-marked, “I’m interested in the politics of the Triassic period.” In an earlier essay, “The Crystal Land” (1966), Smithson suggested some of the sedimentary compositions at stake in a geo-artistic politics:Brian H. Mason, in his fascinating booklet, Trap Rock Minerals of New Jersey, speaks of the “Triassic sedimentary rocks of the Neward series,” which are related to those of the Palisades.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Jarrod Beck</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Geologic Anxiety</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Anne Reeve</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;It’s a straightforward proposition, but one just as often overlooked: what’s here is here now, only  because  of  how  it  was  then,  and  it  won’t  be  this  way  forever.  It  seems  we  are  uniquely  able to appreciate this when the terrain around us changes, when a storm or an interruption (a quake, a tidal wave) jostles our sense of scale and proportion and their accompanying vari-ables shift. A body shrinks and quiets against an unspeakably broad landscape, rain cracks a bright day into pounding blackness. Yet,  how  do  we  measure  ourselves  against  slower,  monumental  shifts  that  carve  the  land  around us? What “geologic anxiety” might manifest from our sense of being in a continual, if imperceptible, state of flux? On five acres in the far West Texas desert outpost of Terlingua, artist Jarrod Beck is care-fully enacting a “Disruption Regime” to explore this question. In local intraterrestial parlance, this “disruption” refers to overgrazing that permanently changes the structure of the ground plane,  eroding  the  root  system  and  in  turn  the  ground’s  ability  to  withstand  summer  rain-storms. These Texas storms then become floods, sending the land on the move and rendering it  permanently  hostile  to  many  forms  of  growth.  Beck  appropriates  the  term  for  an  experi-mental “ground-drawing,” which he views as a test in marking human action against the top strata of the geology it occupies.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;It’s a straightforward proposition, but one just as often overlooked: what’s here is here now, only  because  of  how  it  was  then,  and  it  won’t  be  this  way  forever.  It  seems  we  are  uniquely  able to appreciate this when the terrain around us changes, when a storm or an interruption (a quake, a tidal wave) jostles our sense of scale and proportion and their accompanying vari-ables shift. A body shrinks and quiets against an unspeakably broad landscape, rain cracks a bright day into pounding blackness. Yet,  how  do  we  measure  ourselves  against  slower,  monumental  shifts  that  carve  the  land  around us? What “geologic anxiety” might manifest from our sense of being in a continual, if imperceptible, state of flux? On five acres in the far West Texas desert outpost of Terlingua, artist Jarrod Beck is care-fully enacting a “Disruption Regime” to explore this question. In local intraterrestial parlance, this “disruption” refers to overgrazing that permanently changes the structure of the ground plane,  eroding  the  root  system  and  in  turn  the  ground’s  ability  to  withstand  summer  rain-storms. These Texas storms then become floods, sending the land on the move and rendering it  permanently  hostile  to  many  forms  of  growth.  Beck  appropriates  the  term  for  an  experi-mental “ground-drawing,” which he views as a test in marking human action against the top strata of the geology it occupies.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">The Border Project</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Victoria Sambunaris</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>Yale University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The US/Mexico border spans approximately 2000 miles from the Gulf of Mexico to the Pa-cific Ocean. This southern border weaves its way through diverse terrains and waterways: riv-ers, mountains, valleys, grasslands, refuges, reservoirs, reservations, parks, forest, canyons, deserts,  dunes,  ranches,  towns,  and  farms.  The  extreme  physical  diversity  of  the  landscape  along the border fluctuates between dense urban sprawl compressed along the dividing fence where one can practically see into a person’s home across the border to remote uncultivated desert areas with ancient geological formations where one may not see a soul for days. An imposing physical barrier creates the division between the two countries. The adjacent landscape on the US side is stripped away to accommodate access for Border Patrol and other federal law enforcement agents. From afar, it appears to resemble an extended landing strip or perhaps an environmental art piece. But at ground level, the conspicuous steel fence is a physical reality.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The US/Mexico border spans approximately 2000 miles from the Gulf of Mexico to the Pa-cific Ocean. This southern border weaves its way through diverse terrains and waterways: riv-ers, mountains, valleys, grasslands, refuges, reservoirs, reservations, parks, forest, canyons, deserts,  dunes,  ranches,  towns,  and  farms.  The  extreme  physical  diversity  of  the  landscape  along the border fluctuates between dense urban sprawl compressed along the dividing fence where one can practically see into a person’s home across the border to remote uncultivated desert areas with ancient geological formations where one may not see a soul for days. An imposing physical barrier creates the division between the two countries. The adjacent landscape on the US side is stripped away to accommodate access for Border Patrol and other federal law enforcement agents. From afar, it appears to resemble an extended landing strip or perhaps an environmental art piece. But at ground level, the conspicuous steel fence is a physical reality.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">473 Inches at 60 Frames Per Second</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Wade Kavanaugh</PersonName>
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          <PersonName>Stephen B. Nguyen</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;473 Inches at 60 Frames per Secondwas a site-specific sculptural installation with reference to the Wisconsin Glacial Episode, a glacial period that left Minnesota and parts of Wisconsin covered with numerous lakes and rivers. At the Soap Factory in Minneapolis, MN, Wade Kava-naugh and Stephen B. Nguyen created a two-part artwork that consisted of a glacial ice sheet made  of  textured  white  kraft  paper  and  a  time  lapse  video.  The  two  works  were  physically  and temporally downscaled to human scale. The sculpture was created in a way that the final stop-motion  documentation  read  as  if  the  glacier  was  advancing  over  a  stone  canyon  made  of brown kraft paper. The time lapse video shows the paper glacier advancing at a rate of 473 inches  at  60  frames  per  second,  a  metric  that  shifts  physical  scale  and  time,  from  glacial  to  human&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;473 Inches at 60 Frames per Secondwas a site-specific sculptural installation with reference to the Wisconsin Glacial Episode, a glacial period that left Minnesota and parts of Wisconsin covered with numerous lakes and rivers. At the Soap Factory in Minneapolis, MN, Wade Kava-naugh and Stephen B. Nguyen created a two-part artwork that consisted of a glacial ice sheet made  of  textured  white  kraft  paper  and  a  time  lapse  video.  The  two  works  were  physically  and temporally downscaled to human scale. The sculpture was created in a way that the final stop-motion  documentation  read  as  if  the  glacier  was  advancing  over  a  stone  canyon  made  of brown kraft paper. The time lapse video shows the paper glacier advancing at a rate of 473 inches  at  60  frames  per  second,  a  metric  that  shifts  physical  scale  and  time,  from  glacial  to  human&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Nothing from Nothing</TitleText>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;These images are from Drawn to the Edge, my solo exhibition at the New Orleans Museum of Art (June 15 to September 9, 2012). In many ways the work is an attempt to capture time—to ex-plore how today’s New Orleans is profoundly connected to its past and to consider how quickly we seem to be running out of time.During a six-week residency this spring at A Studio in the Woods (ASITW), which is located on  a  bend  of  the  Mississippi  River  just  east  of  the  city  center,  I  looked  atthe  history  of  the  place, focusing my research on the city and its relationship with the river, through both the slow processes of geologic time and the rapid changes of the 20th and 21st centuries. I quickly came to  see  that  New  Orleans’  history  is  fundamentally  connected  to  its  underlying  geology,  more  so than any other place I’ve ever been. Five thousand years ago, there was no land where New Orleans is today – it was all open water. Slowly over the millennia, the alluvial plain of southern Louisiana was created as the Mississippi River dropped sediment along its meandering path to the Gulf of Mexico.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;These images are from Drawn to the Edge, my solo exhibition at the New Orleans Museum of Art (June 15 to September 9, 2012). In many ways the work is an attempt to capture time—to ex-plore how today’s New Orleans is profoundly connected to its past and to consider how quickly we seem to be running out of time.During a six-week residency this spring at A Studio in the Woods (ASITW), which is located on  a  bend  of  the  Mississippi  River  just  east  of  the  city  center,  I  looked  atthe  history  of  the  place, focusing my research on the city and its relationship with the river, through both the slow processes of geologic time and the rapid changes of the 20th and 21st centuries. I quickly came to  see  that  New  Orleans’  history  is  fundamentally  connected  to  its  underlying  geology,  more  so than any other place I’ve ever been. Five thousand years ago, there was no land where New Orleans is today – it was all open water. Slowly over the millennia, the alluvial plain of southern Louisiana was created as the Mississippi River dropped sediment along its meandering path to the Gulf of Mexico.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <Subtitle language="eng">Situating Engagement with Material and Experiential Geographies</Subtitle>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The ubiquitous observation of our time is transformation: cultural, technological, social, po-litical, economical, and geological. We are in the midst of unprecedented re-alignments and re-articulations of every aspect of our lives. There are people and institutions across all disciplines and across the globe that are increasingly confronted by the need for new models of asking the extraordinarily complex questions of our time. The challenges, possibilities of our moment are extraordinary; they call for creative urgency, considered stewardship, and new spaces bringing together diverse voices. Arts  Letters  &amp;amp;  Numbers,  a  workshop  conducted  in  summer  2012,  involving  30  participants  from  12  countries,  is  just  such  a  space.  It  offered  a  new  approach  to  constructing  alternative  pathways of interaction among a wide range of individuals, disciplines and geographies.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The ubiquitous observation of our time is transformation: cultural, technological, social, po-litical, economical, and geological. We are in the midst of unprecedented re-alignments and re-articulations of every aspect of our lives. There are people and institutions across all disciplines and across the globe that are increasingly confronted by the need for new models of asking the extraordinarily complex questions of our time. The challenges, possibilities of our moment are extraordinary; they call for creative urgency, considered stewardship, and new spaces bringing together diverse voices. Arts  Letters  &amp;amp;  Numbers,  a  workshop  conducted  in  summer  2012,  involving  30  participants  from  12  countries,  is  just  such  a  space.  It  offered  a  new  approach  to  constructing  alternative  pathways of interaction among a wide range of individuals, disciplines and geographies.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Neo-Eocene</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Oliver Kellhammer</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>Parsons School of Design</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Back in the mid-1960s, I was a feral sort of a child who loved scampering around construc-tion sites, climbing the huge, grey piles of excavated shale that were popping up all over my rapidly developing Toronto suburb. I might have been six or so when I first really noticed the slabs of muddy smelling rock often contained  the  imprints  of  scallop  shells,  snails,  and  fragments  of  coral,  things  I  recognized  from picture books but hadn’t yet seen in real life as we lived hundreds of miles from the near-est ocean. Yet 450 million years before, during the Ordovician era, where I was playing would have been the middle of a vast ocean whose limpid, tropical waters teemed with fantastic life forms such as giant, predatory sea scorpions and nautiloids that jetted through the primeval currents like living missiles. I knew this from visiting the Royal Ontario Museum’s brand new, McLuhan-inspired,  Hall  of  Invertebrate  Paleontology,  which  recreated  detailed  dioramas  of  life in Ontario’s ancient seas, complete with theatrical lighting and interactive, taped-looped narratives played through banks of telephone receivers&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Back in the mid-1960s, I was a feral sort of a child who loved scampering around construc-tion sites, climbing the huge, grey piles of excavated shale that were popping up all over my rapidly developing Toronto suburb. I might have been six or so when I first really noticed the slabs of muddy smelling rock often contained  the  imprints  of  scallop  shells,  snails,  and  fragments  of  coral,  things  I  recognized  from picture books but hadn’t yet seen in real life as we lived hundreds of miles from the near-est ocean. Yet 450 million years before, during the Ordovician era, where I was playing would have been the middle of a vast ocean whose limpid, tropical waters teemed with fantastic life forms such as giant, predatory sea scorpions and nautiloids that jetted through the primeval currents like living missiles. I knew this from visiting the Royal Ontario Museum’s brand new, McLuhan-inspired,  Hall  of  Invertebrate  Paleontology,  which  recreated  detailed  dioramas  of  life in Ontario’s ancient seas, complete with theatrical lighting and interactive, taped-looped narratives played through banks of telephone receivers&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">The Leslie Street Spit</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Lisa Hirmer</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The Leslie Street Spit is a long finger of artificial land stretching into Lake Ontario from To-ronto’s shore. It was originally conceived in the 1950s as a breakwater for the city’s northern harbor, but with changes in shipping methods quickly became obsolete in its original purpose. It remained, however, such a convenient place to discard of what is cleverly called “clean fill”—referring mostly to broken up pieces of demolished urban buildings—that it continues as an active dumping site today, expanding ever further into the lake. Owing  to  its  open  land  and  remote  location,  the  spit  was  rapidly  colonized  by  vegetation  and wildlife, including several endangered species. Though this was never part of official plans, the spit became a hybrid-urban wilderness where, amidst the rubble of brick and bent rebar, nature thrived.These photographs document one of the oldest sections of the spit where the dumped rub-ble has settled and compacted into a soil like state. On the surface, where vegetation abounds, the ground reads as natural, not much different from any other conservation area. But, along the shoreline where the water pulls at the edge of the spit, the contents of the ground become visible—a rust colored metallic band, speckled with shards of glass, plastic and other debris. Essentially  made  from  old  iterations  of  the  city,  disposed  of  to  make  way  for  the  new,  this  band offers an early glimpse of the urban world made geologic&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The Leslie Street Spit is a long finger of artificial land stretching into Lake Ontario from To-ronto’s shore. It was originally conceived in the 1950s as a breakwater for the city’s northern harbor, but with changes in shipping methods quickly became obsolete in its original purpose. It remained, however, such a convenient place to discard of what is cleverly called “clean fill”—referring mostly to broken up pieces of demolished urban buildings—that it continues as an active dumping site today, expanding ever further into the lake. Owing  to  its  open  land  and  remote  location,  the  spit  was  rapidly  colonized  by  vegetation  and wildlife, including several endangered species. Though this was never part of official plans, the spit became a hybrid-urban wilderness where, amidst the rubble of brick and bent rebar, nature thrived.These photographs document one of the oldest sections of the spit where the dumped rub-ble has settled and compacted into a soil like state. On the surface, where vegetation abounds, the ground reads as natural, not much different from any other conservation area. But, along the shoreline where the water pulls at the edge of the spit, the contents of the ground become visible—a rust colored metallic band, speckled with shards of glass, plastic and other debris. Essentially  made  from  old  iterations  of  the  city,  disposed  of  to  make  way  for  the  new,  this  band offers an early glimpse of the urban world made geologic&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Trace-Cameraless Records of Radioactive Contamination</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Shimpei Takeda</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;As an artist working with analog photographic techniques that are rapidly in decline, a native of Japan, and moreover being born in Fukushima prefecture, I took on a mission to create a physical record of the worst man-made nuclear accident in history.  A  photograph  can  be  created  by  electromagnetic  radiation  other  than  light.  Radiation  and visible light are similar forms of energy, they just travel in different wavelengths. Using cameraless processes, I want to capture the current state of Japan directly, by exposing photo-sensitive material to traces of radiation emitted from contaminated particles.  Through  visualizing  the  traces  into  visible  form,  the  resulting  images  will  speak  to  us  be-yond the photograph, and perhaps they will be a valuable asset and documentation for future generations.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;As an artist working with analog photographic techniques that are rapidly in decline, a native of Japan, and moreover being born in Fukushima prefecture, I took on a mission to create a physical record of the worst man-made nuclear accident in history.  A  photograph  can  be  created  by  electromagnetic  radiation  other  than  light.  Radiation  and visible light are similar forms of energy, they just travel in different wavelengths. Using cameraless processes, I want to capture the current state of Japan directly, by exposing photo-sensitive material to traces of radiation emitted from contaminated particles.  Through  visualizing  the  traces  into  visible  form,  the  resulting  images  will  speak  to  us  be-yond the photograph, and perhaps they will be a valuable asset and documentation for future generations.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <PersonName>Takeda, Shimpei</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Power of Configuration</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">When Infrastructure Goes off the Rails</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Jamie Kruse</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;On November 11, 2011, the Institute of Nuclear Power Operations (INPO) delivered a timeline to an audience of U.S. industry executives, the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, and members of Congress. It detailed the unfolding of events at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power station during, and in the critical hours following, the earthquake and tsunami of March 11, 2011. The story contained within the document entitled, “Special Report on the Nuclear Accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station,” reads like a screenplay. The gravity of the immediate hours  after  the  accident,  detailed  and  delivered  through  stark  legalistic  language,  confronts  the reader with a poignant reminder: when things don’t go as planned, human bodies are what must show up to try to steer things back on course.The INPO report serves well as a reference manual for contemporary designers, architects, urban planners, and engineers. It’s a powerful invitation to consider configuration in relation to  infrastructure  design  and  planning.  Configuration:  how  and  where  we  stage  what  we  de-sign, how humans and infrastructures are situated in relation to one another, and how they inevitably interact. Yet humans and infrastructures exist not only in relation to one another and the landscape, but also in relation to the multitude of earth forces capable of rising up and challenging our best design and engineering capacities.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;On November 11, 2011, the Institute of Nuclear Power Operations (INPO) delivered a timeline to an audience of U.S. industry executives, the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, and members of Congress. It detailed the unfolding of events at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power station during, and in the critical hours following, the earthquake and tsunami of March 11, 2011. The story contained within the document entitled, “Special Report on the Nuclear Accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station,” reads like a screenplay. The gravity of the immediate hours  after  the  accident,  detailed  and  delivered  through  stark  legalistic  language,  confronts  the reader with a poignant reminder: when things don’t go as planned, human bodies are what must show up to try to steer things back on course.The INPO report serves well as a reference manual for contemporary designers, architects, urban planners, and engineers. It’s a powerful invitation to consider configuration in relation to  infrastructure  design  and  planning.  Configuration:  how  and  where  we  stage  what  we  de-sign, how humans and infrastructures are situated in relation to one another, and how they inevitably interact. Yet humans and infrastructures exist not only in relation to one another and the landscape, but also in relation to the multitude of earth forces capable of rising up and challenging our best design and engineering capacities.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <PersonName>Kruse, Jamie</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">The Nuclear Present</TitleText>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;On  September  29th,  2009,  I  was  about  to  begin  a  pilgrimage  to  a  remote  location  in  the  Southwestern desert. With my mother as navigator, my plan was to drive from my home state of  Montana  to  the  Trinity  Nuclear  Test  Site,  located  within  the  White  Sands  Missile  Range  between Alamogordo and Soccorro, New Mexico. The United States military opens the Trinity Test Site to the general public two times a year, in the beginning of October and April.  On July 16, 1945, the first plutonium-based atomic weapon was detonated on a remote location in the New Mexican desert. The subsequent explosion of “The Gadget” was described as a blinding light of golden, purple, violet, gray, and blue, lighting up the early desert morning as if it were high noon. At ten miles away, spectators required dark sunglasses to look upon the explosion without damage to their eyes. The  Trinity  explosion  did  not  produce  a  crater  at  ground  zero,  but  left  behind  a  small  lake  of  greenish  glass,  dubbed  “trinitite.”  It  is  theorized  that  the  intense  heat  generated  by  the  nuclear  fireball  (in  excess  of  14,000  degrees  Fahrenheit)  liquefied  the  desert  sand  floor  into  glass  and  sucked  the  material  into  the  emergent  mushroom  cloud.    At  such  high  force  and  temperature,  the  vaporized  glass  behaves  like  water  in  a  typical  cloud:  it  collects  in  the  mushroom  cloud,  aggregates  and  falls  back  to  the  earth  as  a  shower  of  molten  glass.  The  extant  body  of  glass,  trinitite,  was  the  only  material  that  remained  at  ground  zero—The  Gadget and the metal scaffolding holding the device were obliterated.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;On  September  29th,  2009,  I  was  about  to  begin  a  pilgrimage  to  a  remote  location  in  the  Southwestern desert. With my mother as navigator, my plan was to drive from my home state of  Montana  to  the  Trinity  Nuclear  Test  Site,  located  within  the  White  Sands  Missile  Range  between Alamogordo and Soccorro, New Mexico. The United States military opens the Trinity Test Site to the general public two times a year, in the beginning of October and April.  On July 16, 1945, the first plutonium-based atomic weapon was detonated on a remote location in the New Mexican desert. The subsequent explosion of “The Gadget” was described as a blinding light of golden, purple, violet, gray, and blue, lighting up the early desert morning as if it were high noon. At ten miles away, spectators required dark sunglasses to look upon the explosion without damage to their eyes. The  Trinity  explosion  did  not  produce  a  crater  at  ground  zero,  but  left  behind  a  small  lake  of  greenish  glass,  dubbed  “trinitite.”  It  is  theorized  that  the  intense  heat  generated  by  the  nuclear  fireball  (in  excess  of  14,000  degrees  Fahrenheit)  liquefied  the  desert  sand  floor  into  glass  and  sucked  the  material  into  the  emergent  mushroom  cloud.    At  such  high  force  and  temperature,  the  vaporized  glass  behaves  like  water  in  a  typical  cloud:  it  collects  in  the  mushroom  cloud,  aggregates  and  falls  back  to  the  earth  as  a  shower  of  molten  glass.  The  extant  body  of  glass,  trinitite,  was  the  only  material  that  remained  at  ground  zero—The  Gadget and the metal scaffolding holding the device were obliterated.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Until recently, the word “geologic” conjured meanings and associations that referred simply and directly to the science of geology—the study of the origin, history, and structures of the earth. But that seems to be changing. Something is happening to the ways that people are now taking up “the geologic.”Contemporary artists, popular culture producers, speculative architects, scientists and phi-losophers are adding new layers of cultural meaning and aesthetic sensation to the geologic. It is as if recent events and developments are making geologic realities sense-able with new physical intensity and from new angles of thought as a situation that we live within, not sim-ply as something “out there” that we study. Humans seem to be sensing, in new ways, that the forces and materials of the earth are not only subjects of scientific inquiry—they have also become conditions of daily life&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Until recently, the word “geologic” conjured meanings and associations that referred simply and directly to the science of geology—the study of the origin, history, and structures of the earth. But that seems to be changing. Something is happening to the ways that people are now taking up “the geologic.”Contemporary artists, popular culture producers, speculative architects, scientists and phi-losophers are adding new layers of cultural meaning and aesthetic sensation to the geologic. It is as if recent events and developments are making geologic realities sense-able with new physical intensity and from new angles of thought as a situation that we live within, not sim-ply as something “out there” that we study. Humans seem to be sensing, in new ways, that the forces and materials of the earth are not only subjects of scientific inquiry—they have also become conditions of daily life&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Enter the Anthropocene</TitleText>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The path leads up a hill, across a fast-moving stream, back across the stream, and then past the carcass of a dead sheep. In my view it’s raining, but here in the Southern Up-lands of Scotland, I am told, this counts only as a light drizzle, or smirr. Just beyond the final switchback, there’s a waterfall, half shrouded in mist, and an outcropping of jagged rock. The rock has bands that run vertically, like a layer cake that’s been tipped on its side. My guide, Jan Zalasiewicz, a British stratigrapher, points to a wide stripe of gray. “Bad things happened in here,” he says. The stripe was laid down some 440 million years ago, as sediments slowly piled up on the bottom of an ancient ocean. In those days, life was still mostly confined to the water, and it was  undergoing  a  crisis.  Between  one  edge  of  the  three-foot-thick  gray  band  and  the  other,  some  80  percent  of  marine  species  died  out,  most  of  them  the  sorts  of  creatures,  like  grap-tolites, that no longer exist in any form. The extinction event, known as the end-Ordovician, was one of the five biggest of the last half-billion years. It coincided with extreme changes in climate, in global sea levels, and in ocean chemistry—all caused, perhaps, by a supercontinent drifting over the South Pole.Stratigraphers like Zalasiewicz are, as a rule, hard to impress. Their job is to piece together Earth’s history from clues that can be coaxed out of layers of rock millions of years after the fact. They take the long view—the extremely long view—of events, only the most violent of which are likely to leave behind lasting traces. It’s those events that mark the crucial episodes in  the  planet’s  4.5-billion-year  story,  the  turning  points  that  divide  it  into  comprehensible  chapters.from&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The path leads up a hill, across a fast-moving stream, back across the stream, and then past the carcass of a dead sheep. In my view it’s raining, but here in the Southern Up-lands of Scotland, I am told, this counts only as a light drizzle, or smirr. Just beyond the final switchback, there’s a waterfall, half shrouded in mist, and an outcropping of jagged rock. The rock has bands that run vertically, like a layer cake that’s been tipped on its side. My guide, Jan Zalasiewicz, a British stratigrapher, points to a wide stripe of gray. “Bad things happened in here,” he says. The stripe was laid down some 440 million years ago, as sediments slowly piled up on the bottom of an ancient ocean. In those days, life was still mostly confined to the water, and it was  undergoing  a  crisis.  Between  one  edge  of  the  three-foot-thick  gray  band  and  the  other,  some  80  percent  of  marine  species  died  out,  most  of  them  the  sorts  of  creatures,  like  grap-tolites, that no longer exist in any form. The extinction event, known as the end-Ordovician, was one of the five biggest of the last half-billion years. It coincided with extreme changes in climate, in global sea levels, and in ocean chemistry—all caused, perhaps, by a supercontinent drifting over the South Pole.Stratigraphers like Zalasiewicz are, as a rule, hard to impress. Their job is to piece together Earth’s history from clues that can be coaxed out of layers of rock millions of years after the fact. They take the long view—the extremely long view—of events, only the most violent of which are likely to leave behind lasting traces. It’s those events that mark the crucial episodes in  the  planet’s  4.5-billion-year  story,  the  turning  points  that  divide  it  into  comprehensible  chapters.from&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The Italian geologist Antonio Stoppani is a remarkable but little known figure in the history of  science  and  the  theoretical  humanities.  Recently,  following  debates  about  the  Anthropo-cene initiated by the Dutch chemist Paul Crutzen, some scholars have returned to Stoppani’s writing for its eloquent argument regarding the appearance of human activity in the archive of deep time—the earth. Born in Lecco in 1824, the young Stoppani studied to become a priest of the order of the Rosminiani, and was ordained in 1848. In the same year, Stoppani partici-pated in the resistance during the Cinque giornate di Milano (Siege of Milan), where he both fought on the barricades and, fantastically, invented and fabricated aerostats that were used to communicate with the periphery and the provinces, sending revolutionary messages to the countryside from inside a barricaded Milano. In this endeavor, he was helped by the typographer Vincenzo Guglielmini, who worked with Stoppani to ensure that the aerostat balloons would travel from the Seminario Maggiore di Porta Orientale over the walls erected around the city (and the Austrians trying to shoot them from the sky) to encourage Italians to revolt against the Austrian Empire.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The Italian geologist Antonio Stoppani is a remarkable but little known figure in the history of  science  and  the  theoretical  humanities.  Recently,  following  debates  about  the  Anthropo-cene initiated by the Dutch chemist Paul Crutzen, some scholars have returned to Stoppani’s writing for its eloquent argument regarding the appearance of human activity in the archive of deep time—the earth. Born in Lecco in 1824, the young Stoppani studied to become a priest of the order of the Rosminiani, and was ordained in 1848. In the same year, Stoppani partici-pated in the resistance during the Cinque giornate di Milano (Siege of Milan), where he both fought on the barricades and, fantastically, invented and fabricated aerostats that were used to communicate with the periphery and the provinces, sending revolutionary messages to the countryside from inside a barricaded Milano. In this endeavor, he was helped by the typographer Vincenzo Guglielmini, who worked with Stoppani to ensure that the aerostat balloons would travel from the Seminario Maggiore di Porta Orientale over the walls erected around the city (and the Austrians trying to shoot them from the sky) to encourage Italians to revolt against the Austrian Empire.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">From Rock Art To Land Art/From Pleistocene To Anthropocene</TitleText>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Our species of primate, Homo Sapiens, has been around for perhaps 200,000 years, and since then humans have witnessed two geologic turns. The Pleistocene Epoch lasted from approximately 2,588,000 years to 12,000 years before the present (BP), a period of repeated glaciation during which ice at maximal times covered as much as 30% of the Earth’s landmasses. The Pleistocene turned into the Holocene as the seemingly perpetual El Niño conditions switched off and the ice retreated. The “Recent Time” of this next epoch saw the spread of humanity into virtually every corner of every continent, save the Antarctic. The second turn we’ve seen is from the Holocene  into  the  Anthropocene,  which  Nobel  Laureate  Paul  Crutzen  proposes  began  with  the late 18th-century rise of industrialism. This “Human Time” is marked by a global layer of carbon laid down by the burning of fossil fuels, the emergence of a global stratigraphic event being a commonly accepted marker of a change in epochs.When Paul Crutzen announced in 2000 that we were no longer living in the Holocene, but in a new geologic epoch, he reformulated not only the equation of anthropic effect on landscape, but the timeline of art as we understand it. Now the Holocene was not simply the epoch of human endeavor and image making, but a bridge from the hominids who scratched marks on rock surfaces to those who now leave larger marks inscribed on the land. Both can be construed as attempts to map environments, be they at the small scale of a valley or the large scale of a cosmos, committed with intent to last for millennia or to wash away in the first rain.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Our species of primate, Homo Sapiens, has been around for perhaps 200,000 years, and since then humans have witnessed two geologic turns. The Pleistocene Epoch lasted from approximately 2,588,000 years to 12,000 years before the present (BP), a period of repeated glaciation during which ice at maximal times covered as much as 30% of the Earth’s landmasses. The Pleistocene turned into the Holocene as the seemingly perpetual El Niño conditions switched off and the ice retreated. The “Recent Time” of this next epoch saw the spread of humanity into virtually every corner of every continent, save the Antarctic. The second turn we’ve seen is from the Holocene  into  the  Anthropocene,  which  Nobel  Laureate  Paul  Crutzen  proposes  began  with  the late 18th-century rise of industrialism. This “Human Time” is marked by a global layer of carbon laid down by the burning of fossil fuels, the emergence of a global stratigraphic event being a commonly accepted marker of a change in epochs.When Paul Crutzen announced in 2000 that we were no longer living in the Holocene, but in a new geologic epoch, he reformulated not only the equation of anthropic effect on landscape, but the timeline of art as we understand it. Now the Holocene was not simply the epoch of human endeavor and image making, but a bridge from the hominids who scratched marks on rock surfaces to those who now leave larger marks inscribed on the land. Both can be construed as attempts to map environments, be they at the small scale of a valley or the large scale of a cosmos, committed with intent to last for millennia or to wash away in the first rain.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Ediacaran and Anthropocene</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Poetry as a Reader of Deep Time</Subtitle>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Two new developments in the taxonomy of temporality provide the focus for this discussion. One is the official recognition of a new, and very old, geologic period, the Ediacaran, now understood to occupy the stretch of deep time between 575 and 542 million years ago, directly preceding the Cambrian, with its remarkable radiation of life forms. This recognition is precipitated by the discovery, dating, and analysis of thirty or so species representing an entirely new biota in the fossil record, the earliest animals on the planet. The other wrinkle in our idea of time involves the proposal to name, or re-name, the current epoch after the species that has been most responsible for its character and style, as well as the content of most of its narratives. “The Anthropocene,” if accepted, would acknowledge ourselves as the superstars we have been for some time.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Two new developments in the taxonomy of temporality provide the focus for this discussion. One is the official recognition of a new, and very old, geologic period, the Ediacaran, now understood to occupy the stretch of deep time between 575 and 542 million years ago, directly preceding the Cambrian, with its remarkable radiation of life forms. This recognition is precipitated by the discovery, dating, and analysis of thirty or so species representing an entirely new biota in the fossil record, the earliest animals on the planet. The other wrinkle in our idea of time involves the proposal to name, or re-name, the current epoch after the species that has been most responsible for its character and style, as well as the content of most of its narratives. “The Anthropocene,” if accepted, would acknowledge ourselves as the superstars we have been for some time.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Modeling Collaborative Practices in the Anthropocene</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Bill Gilbert</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In 1999, the University of New Mexico embarked on an extended experiment in art practice. Over the ensuing twelve years we have developed the Land Arts of the American West program as a model for a place-based education in the arts to prepare our students for the rapidly chang-ing environmental and social context they will enter upon graduation. Our program has developed in a period marked by a dawning awareness that the collective activities  of  our  species  have  impacted  the  planet  over  a  sufficient  time  period  to  qualify  as  a  geologic  epoch,  the  Anthropocene.  With  this  realization  comes  a  daunting  responsibility.  The  arts  must  now  participate  in  our  collective  response  and  contribute  to  a  change  in  our  narrative as a nation and species if the Anthropocene is to extend for thousands of years into the future. To be successful we are going to need a perspective that encompasses the expanse of plan-etary time, not the fleeting moments of pop culture. In our effort to confront the problems we face, the arts can model a new cooperative/collaborative approach that will supplant the current individualistic paradigm. Our attempts to address the implications of an Anthropo-cene Epoch will require a shared multicultural and interdisciplinary perspective that is based in direct engagement with the physical planet.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In 1999, the University of New Mexico embarked on an extended experiment in art practice. Over the ensuing twelve years we have developed the Land Arts of the American West program as a model for a place-based education in the arts to prepare our students for the rapidly chang-ing environmental and social context they will enter upon graduation. Our program has developed in a period marked by a dawning awareness that the collective activities  of  our  species  have  impacted  the  planet  over  a  sufficient  time  period  to  qualify  as  a  geologic  epoch,  the  Anthropocene.  With  this  realization  comes  a  daunting  responsibility.  The  arts  must  now  participate  in  our  collective  response  and  contribute  to  a  change  in  our  narrative as a nation and species if the Anthropocene is to extend for thousands of years into the future. To be successful we are going to need a perspective that encompasses the expanse of plan-etary time, not the fleeting moments of pop culture. In our effort to confront the problems we face, the arts can model a new cooperative/collaborative approach that will supplant the current individualistic paradigm. Our attempts to address the implications of an Anthropo-cene Epoch will require a shared multicultural and interdisciplinary perspective that is based in direct engagement with the physical planet.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Exposing the Anthropocene</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Art and Education in the 'Extraction State'</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Erika Osborne</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>West Virginia University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In the age of the Anthropocene, human impact on a geologic scale infiltrates nearly every aspect of contemporary life. The immense breadth and depth of the changes to the planet that have been caused by this impact have affected my work and my pedagogy as an artist and educator interested in connections between culture and environment.Although  I  have  always  been  interested  in  the  Anthropocene,  my  fascination  with  its  artifacts  grew  when  I  accepted  a  teaching  position  in  the  School  of  Art  and  Design  at  West  Virginia  University  and  moved  to  “The  Mountain  State”—or  what  West  Virginia’s  former  governor and now senator, Joe Manchin, has lovingly called “The Extraction State.” Here, it is obvious that not only have the surface and ecology of mountains changed because of defores-tation, but entire topographies have morphed in a geologic instant as a product of large-scale mountaintop  removal  (MTR)  mining.  This  type  of  mining  is  a  quick,  relatively  inexpensive  process in which the summits of mountains are blasted away to expose coal seams, and the overburden is dumped into adjacent valleys. This anthropocentric practice has come to define the  state  and  has  created  a  battleground,  pitting  local  communities  and  the  mountain  ecol-ogy against an ever-growing, global need for cheap energy. In mined areas of Appalachia, the biodiversity of some of the oldest mountains in the world is obliterated instantly, habitats are immediately lost and clean water sources are buried or left highly contaminated. In addition, the local people often suffer from serious health issues affecting their lungs, kidneys, hearts, and nervous systems. They also suffer economically as property values drop, businesses close, and economic diversity is lost.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In the age of the Anthropocene, human impact on a geologic scale infiltrates nearly every aspect of contemporary life. The immense breadth and depth of the changes to the planet that have been caused by this impact have affected my work and my pedagogy as an artist and educator interested in connections between culture and environment.Although  I  have  always  been  interested  in  the  Anthropocene,  my  fascination  with  its  artifacts  grew  when  I  accepted  a  teaching  position  in  the  School  of  Art  and  Design  at  West  Virginia  University  and  moved  to  “The  Mountain  State”—or  what  West  Virginia’s  former  governor and now senator, Joe Manchin, has lovingly called “The Extraction State.” Here, it is obvious that not only have the surface and ecology of mountains changed because of defores-tation, but entire topographies have morphed in a geologic instant as a product of large-scale mountaintop  removal  (MTR)  mining.  This  type  of  mining  is  a  quick,  relatively  inexpensive  process in which the summits of mountains are blasted away to expose coal seams, and the overburden is dumped into adjacent valleys. This anthropocentric practice has come to define the  state  and  has  created  a  battleground,  pitting  local  communities  and  the  mountain  ecol-ogy against an ever-growing, global need for cheap energy. In mined areas of Appalachia, the biodiversity of some of the oldest mountains in the world is obliterated instantly, habitats are immediately lost and clean water sources are buried or left highly contaminated. In addition, the local people often suffer from serious health issues affecting their lungs, kidneys, hearts, and nervous systems. They also suffer economically as property values drop, businesses close, and economic diversity is lost.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">What is the Exponential?</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Seth Denizen</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>University of Hong Kong</Affiliation>
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            <Affiliation>Washington University in St. Louis</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The  strange  thing  about  these  exponential  curves,  is  that  the  farther  along  the  curve  one  projects  the  present,  the  shorter  the  time  interval  between  successive  points,  until  time  all but stops, in the midst of an immense acceleration.  This is the point at which the curve challenges  us  to  imagine  a  world  defined  not  by  a  time,  but  by  a  speed:    one  which  cannot  be  merely  an  extension  of  our  own,  a  difference  in  degree,  but  rather  something  which  takes  on  a  difference in kind:  another sea, another wind, another world at right angles to our own&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The  strange  thing  about  these  exponential  curves,  is  that  the  farther  along  the  curve  one  projects  the  present,  the  shorter  the  time  interval  between  successive  points,  until  time  all but stops, in the midst of an immense acceleration.  This is the point at which the curve challenges  us  to  imagine  a  world  defined  not  by  a  time,  but  by  a  speed:    one  which  cannot  be  merely  an  extension  of  our  own,  a  difference  in  degree,  but  rather  something  which  takes  on  a  difference in kind:  another sea, another wind, another world at right angles to our own&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <PersonName>Denizen, Seth</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">The Dark Flight of Micrometorites</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Ryan Thompson</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>Trinity Christian College</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Every day some 200 tons of extraterrestrial material enter the Earth’s porous atmosphere. The largest of these objects, meteors, become giant fireballs with the ability to light up the daytime sky and can cause local, regional, or global destruction upon impact. Others become shooting stars, neither large enough to survive their fiery trip through the atmosphere, nor small enough to escape their fate. The smallest of these materials, however, make it to the surface of the Earth as micrometeorites without much in the way of fanfare. No fiery explosions in the sky. No damage or destruction. Just a silent fall to Earth.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Every day some 200 tons of extraterrestrial material enter the Earth’s porous atmosphere. The largest of these objects, meteors, become giant fireballs with the ability to light up the daytime sky and can cause local, regional, or global destruction upon impact. Others become shooting stars, neither large enough to survive their fiery trip through the atmosphere, nor small enough to escape their fate. The smallest of these materials, however, make it to the surface of the Earth as micrometeorites without much in the way of fanfare. No fiery explosions in the sky. No damage or destruction. Just a silent fall to Earth.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Packaging Sludge and Silt</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Stephen Dredge Research Collaborative  (Becker</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Stephen</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Dredge Research Collaborative  (Becker</KeyNames>
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          <PersonName>Rob Holmes</PersonName>
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          <PersonName>Tim Maly</PersonName>
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          <PersonName>Brett Milligan</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>University of Oregon</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;A massive, distended tube thirty feet in circumference and one hundred feet long lies on the bank of a drifting river, among the sludge and muck. A thick hose connected to a dredging barge is filling this black bag with the silt that it is sucking out of a nearby shipping channel. Once full, the tube will be tied shut and left in place. Fluids will slowly seep out, leaving dewatered sediments contained within the casing. This is the geo-tube.1A  geo-tube  is  like  an  oversized2  sausage  casing  made  of  “geotextile,”  a  synthetic  fabric  woven  primarily  from  hydrocarbon-derived  polymers.3  When  deployed,  they  are  inflated  by  liquids, slurries, or sediments, depending on their intended use. Geo-tubes find their applica-tion  where  water  meets  land  and  where  landscape  meets  industry.  They  are  deployed  along  riverbanks,  coastlines,  in  shallows,  or  wetlands.  They  have  spread  quickly  thanks  to  their  flexibility, speed of application, and cheapness.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;A massive, distended tube thirty feet in circumference and one hundred feet long lies on the bank of a drifting river, among the sludge and muck. A thick hose connected to a dredging barge is filling this black bag with the silt that it is sucking out of a nearby shipping channel. Once full, the tube will be tied shut and left in place. Fluids will slowly seep out, leaving dewatered sediments contained within the casing. This is the geo-tube.1A  geo-tube  is  like  an  oversized2  sausage  casing  made  of  “geotextile,”  a  synthetic  fabric  woven  primarily  from  hydrocarbon-derived  polymers.3  When  deployed,  they  are  inflated  by  liquids, slurries, or sediments, depending on their intended use. Geo-tubes find their applica-tion  where  water  meets  land  and  where  landscape  meets  industry.  They  are  deployed  along  riverbanks,  coastlines,  in  shallows,  or  wetlands.  They  have  spread  quickly  thanks  to  their  flexibility, speed of application, and cheapness.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <PersonName>Dredge Research Collaborative  (Becker, Stephen</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Inner-City Glaciers</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Chris Neal MilNeil</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;There is a sediment that hangs in a haze above city streets: a low-dose toxic dust of lead and chromates  from  tire  wear,  clouds  of  carbon  soot  mixed  with  hydrocarbon  gases  and  fine  particles of nitrates, sulfates, and other metals from exhaust pipes. At every stoplight, worn brake linings leave behind microscopic flakes of copper, zinc, and lead.These automotive disjecta membra are rarely visible; you might find them as a dirty streak on a handkerchief after wiping your brow on a humid day, or in the accumulated dust of an a/c unit’s intake. In most situations, these particles either disperse in the winds, or wash away into storm drains during rain showers. But for a few months each year in cities of the upper latitudes, when precipitation falls as snow  and  remains  above-ground  in  snowbanks  for  weeks  at  a  time,  these  sediments  have  a  chance  to  accumulate  in  impressive  and  highly-visible  roadside  deposits.  Many  of  these  cities collect and stockpile their snow in massive municipal “snow dumps” in order to keep city streets and sidewalks clear, thus consolidating the roadside’s silt even further&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;There is a sediment that hangs in a haze above city streets: a low-dose toxic dust of lead and chromates  from  tire  wear,  clouds  of  carbon  soot  mixed  with  hydrocarbon  gases  and  fine  particles of nitrates, sulfates, and other metals from exhaust pipes. At every stoplight, worn brake linings leave behind microscopic flakes of copper, zinc, and lead.These automotive disjecta membra are rarely visible; you might find them as a dirty streak on a handkerchief after wiping your brow on a humid day, or in the accumulated dust of an a/c unit’s intake. In most situations, these particles either disperse in the winds, or wash away into storm drains during rain showers. But for a few months each year in cities of the upper latitudes, when precipitation falls as snow  and  remains  above-ground  in  snowbanks  for  weeks  at  a  time,  these  sediments  have  a  chance  to  accumulate  in  impressive  and  highly-visible  roadside  deposits.  Many  of  these  cities collect and stockpile their snow in massive municipal “snow dumps” in order to keep city streets and sidewalks clear, thus consolidating the roadside’s silt even further&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>MilNeil, Chris Neal</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Imagining the Geologic</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Janike Kampevold Larsen</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In The Tertiary History of the Grand Cañon District (1882), US surveyor Clarence E. Dutton writes: “Great innovations, whether in art, literature, in science or in nature, seldom take the world by storm. They must be understood before they can be estimated, and must be cultivated before they can be understood.”1Dutton  himself  cultivates  his  experience  of  the  Grand  Canyon  by  making  imagination  a  tool for fascination. He describes the impression of geologic forces upon himself. In order to explain how he perceives the magnificence of the rock faces he sets them in motion to encour-age  an  understanding  both  of  their  making  and  their  aesthetic  impression:  “the  Vermillion  Cliffs send off buttes,” “the entablature [...] breaks into lofty truncated towers,” “the towers of Short Creek burst into view” (53, 54). The vocabulary is architectural. The canyon is abundant with columns, buttes, terraces, promontories, bays, towers, churches, temples, theaters, and avenues:  “As  we  move  outwards  towards  the  center  of  the  grand  avenue  the  immensity  and  beautiful proportions of the walls develop”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In The Tertiary History of the Grand Cañon District (1882), US surveyor Clarence E. Dutton writes: “Great innovations, whether in art, literature, in science or in nature, seldom take the world by storm. They must be understood before they can be estimated, and must be cultivated before they can be understood.”1Dutton  himself  cultivates  his  experience  of  the  Grand  Canyon  by  making  imagination  a  tool for fascination. He describes the impression of geologic forces upon himself. In order to explain how he perceives the magnificence of the rock faces he sets them in motion to encour-age  an  understanding  both  of  their  making  and  their  aesthetic  impression:  “the  Vermillion  Cliffs send off buttes,” “the entablature [...] breaks into lofty truncated towers,” “the towers of Short Creek burst into view” (53, 54). The vocabulary is architectural. The canyon is abundant with columns, buttes, terraces, promontories, bays, towers, churches, temples, theaters, and avenues:  “As  we  move  outwards  towards  the  center  of  the  grand  avenue  the  immensity  and  beautiful proportions of the walls develop”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <PersonName>Larsen, Janike Kampevold</PersonName>
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        <TitleDetail>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Ultra-Diamond / Super-Value</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Oliver Goodhall</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Oliver</NamesBeforeKey>
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            <Affiliation>Royal College of Art</Affiliation>
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          <PersonName>David Benqué</PersonName>
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          <KeyNames>Benqué</KeyNames>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The diamond, as we know it, is a unique example of marketing and monetization of a geological resource.  Through  careful  supply-control,  advertising,  and  cultural  massaging,  the  industry  has managed to mythologize a geological material in cultures around the world. Throughout the  20th  century,  rituals,  expectation,  and  meaning  have  been  intentionally  crafted  around  the  diamond  through  tales  of  rarity  and  carat-value.  A  complete  mythology,  ranging  from  sparkling wedding rings to shady deals and overworked mines, surrounds each of these stones and furthers the mystery as well as desire. As  a  counterpoint  to  this  aesthetic  industry,  a  new  functional  aspect  is  emerging  as  dia-monds are grown in the lab with ever increasing control and huge promises for technological applications. The unique properties of diamond as a super-material open up potentially revo-lutionary  breakthroughs  in  fields  as  varied  as  quantum  computing,  electronics,  biosensors,  and clean energy.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The diamond, as we know it, is a unique example of marketing and monetization of a geological resource.  Through  careful  supply-control,  advertising,  and  cultural  massaging,  the  industry  has managed to mythologize a geological material in cultures around the world. Throughout the  20th  century,  rituals,  expectation,  and  meaning  have  been  intentionally  crafted  around  the  diamond  through  tales  of  rarity  and  carat-value.  A  complete  mythology,  ranging  from  sparkling wedding rings to shady deals and overworked mines, surrounds each of these stones and furthers the mystery as well as desire. As  a  counterpoint  to  this  aesthetic  industry,  a  new  functional  aspect  is  emerging  as  dia-monds are grown in the lab with ever increasing control and huge promises for technological applications. The unique properties of diamond as a super-material open up potentially revo-lutionary  breakthroughs  in  fields  as  varied  as  quantum  computing,  electronics,  biosensors,  and clean energy.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Goodhall, Oliver</PersonName>
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            <PersonName>Benque, David </PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">The Not-So-Sold Earth</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Remembering New Madrid</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Julia Kagan</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;“What would happen to our thinking about nature if we experienced [non-human] materialities as actants?” Jane Bennett asks in Vibrant Matter: A Political Ecology of Things. One result might be a different way of thinking about earthquakes. The stresses and fault lines and tectonic-plate collisions that produce them are material forces whose actions can reshape the world in ways that profoundly affect human life. Earthquakes remind us that human lives take place against a background of geologic time and that human agency, however nature-bending, is ultimately shaped by the non-human context in which it operates. Living in a known quake zone where Earth’s tectonic plates meet means inhabiting a geol-ogy  that  feels  very  much  alive,  not  buried  in  the  remote  past.  Think  Japan,  Chile,  and  the  other  nations  along  the  Pacific  “rim  of  fire,”  not  to  mention  its  eastern  border:  California,  the American northwest and Alaska. This doesn’t mean that those who reside far from plate margins live in safety. Perhaps the strongest earthquakes to hit the United States in recorded history  were  intraplate,  as  geologists  term  it,  not  at  a  tectonic  edge.  They  happened  exactly  200 years ago in the middle of the North American Plate, in a place called New Madrid in the Mississippi  River  Valley.  Three  huge  quakes  hit  from  December  to  February  1811-12,  with  estimated  magnitudes  (the  seismograph  was  not  invented  until  1896)  as  high  as  8.1.  The  anniversary is a reminder that reverberations from immeasurably ancient geologic events can burst into the present without warning.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;“What would happen to our thinking about nature if we experienced [non-human] materialities as actants?” Jane Bennett asks in Vibrant Matter: A Political Ecology of Things. One result might be a different way of thinking about earthquakes. The stresses and fault lines and tectonic-plate collisions that produce them are material forces whose actions can reshape the world in ways that profoundly affect human life. Earthquakes remind us that human lives take place against a background of geologic time and that human agency, however nature-bending, is ultimately shaped by the non-human context in which it operates. Living in a known quake zone where Earth’s tectonic plates meet means inhabiting a geol-ogy  that  feels  very  much  alive,  not  buried  in  the  remote  past.  Think  Japan,  Chile,  and  the  other  nations  along  the  Pacific  “rim  of  fire,”  not  to  mention  its  eastern  border:  California,  the American northwest and Alaska. This doesn’t mean that those who reside far from plate margins live in safety. Perhaps the strongest earthquakes to hit the United States in recorded history  were  intraplate,  as  geologists  term  it,  not  at  a  tectonic  edge.  They  happened  exactly  200 years ago in the middle of the North American Plate, in a place called New Madrid in the Mississippi  River  Valley.  Three  huge  quakes  hit  from  December  to  February  1811-12,  with  estimated  magnitudes  (the  seismograph  was  not  invented  until  1896)  as  high  as  8.1.  The  anniversary is a reminder that reverberations from immeasurably ancient geologic events can burst into the present without warning.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Kagan, Julia</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Distributed Evidence</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Mapping Named Erractics</Subtitle>
          </TitleElement>
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          <PersonName>Jane Hutton</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Jane</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Hutton</KeyNames>
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            <Affiliation>Harvard University</Affiliation>
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              <IDValue>01aff2v68</IDValue>
            </AffiliationIdentifier>
            <Affiliation>University of Waterloo</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This project maps a series of boulders that were plucked, transported, and deposited by the toe-line of the retreating Late-Wisconsin and pre-Wisconsin ice sheets in North America and subsequently  named,  relocated,  modified,  and  celebrated  by  people.  They  are  the  glacially  distributed  sites  of  council  meetings,  picnics,  political  movements,  and  territorial  markers.    They are inscribed with discrepant personal, regional, and national narratives and at the same time they declare their foreign origin through their conspicuous mineral composition and form. In  the  mid-19th  century  such  boulders  served  as  critical  evidence  for  piecing  together  a  theory  of  glaciation,  and  consequently  an  idea  of  geologic  time  and  the  location  of  humans  within  it.  While  their  scientific  importance  waned  in  the  20th  century,  outside  and  along-side  geology  they  are  critical  objects  for  reflections  on  time  and  space  of  various  scales  and  consequences. They refer simultaneously to different moments in time: their geogenic forma-tion,  their  glacial  deposition,  and  specific  events  in  cultural  history,  as  they  are  sometimes  literally  carved  with  a  date.  They  are  heavy,  insistent  markers  in  space,  yet  they  indicate  a  remote origin—and therefore the journey between two sites—and they continue to be moved or changed by ensuing human forces. The naming, photographing, and feting of the boulders collated and mapped here signal their role as persistent devices for locating deep time within the present and grappling with the continuum of geological and human action.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This project maps a series of boulders that were plucked, transported, and deposited by the toe-line of the retreating Late-Wisconsin and pre-Wisconsin ice sheets in North America and subsequently  named,  relocated,  modified,  and  celebrated  by  people.  They  are  the  glacially  distributed  sites  of  council  meetings,  picnics,  political  movements,  and  territorial  markers.    They are inscribed with discrepant personal, regional, and national narratives and at the same time they declare their foreign origin through their conspicuous mineral composition and form. In  the  mid-19th  century  such  boulders  served  as  critical  evidence  for  piecing  together  a  theory  of  glaciation,  and  consequently  an  idea  of  geologic  time  and  the  location  of  humans  within  it.  While  their  scientific  importance  waned  in  the  20th  century,  outside  and  along-side  geology  they  are  critical  objects  for  reflections  on  time  and  space  of  various  scales  and  consequences. They refer simultaneously to different moments in time: their geogenic forma-tion,  their  glacial  deposition,  and  specific  events  in  cultural  history,  as  they  are  sometimes  literally  carved  with  a  date.  They  are  heavy,  insistent  markers  in  space,  yet  they  indicate  a  remote origin—and therefore the journey between two sites—and they continue to be moved or changed by ensuing human forces. The naming, photographing, and feting of the boulders collated and mapped here signal their role as persistent devices for locating deep time within the present and grappling with the continuum of geological and human action.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Hutton, Jane</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Landscapes of Erasure</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">The Removal-And Persistence-Of Place</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Paul Lloyd Sargent</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Paul Lloyd</NamesBeforeKey>
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            <Affiliation>University at Buffalo, State University of New York</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;What  lexicon  or  neologisms  might  we  use  to  speak  of  places  removed  by  human  force?  Not  by natural disaster, like the city of Pompeii or the Japanese fishing village of Minamisanriku, destroyed in the tsunami of 2011.1 Nor by the horrors of war or catastrophes of technology, as  in  Virilio’s  obsession  with  the  accident,2  like  those  at  Chernobyl  and  Three  Mile  Island,  or the toxic morass at Love Canal in Niagara Falls.3 Instead, I consider here what I am calling landscapes of erasure: the large-scale, intentional removal of socio-cultural place through processes of  engineering,  often  due—but  not  limited—to  industries  of  extraction,  power  generation,  and shipping and transport. That is, I am exploring the erasure of material and socio-cultural landscape  by  human  forces  operating  at  the  geologic  scale  because  such  scale  reveals  and  magnifies the consequences of human interaction with the land, both intentional and otherwise.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;What  lexicon  or  neologisms  might  we  use  to  speak  of  places  removed  by  human  force?  Not  by natural disaster, like the city of Pompeii or the Japanese fishing village of Minamisanriku, destroyed in the tsunami of 2011.1 Nor by the horrors of war or catastrophes of technology, as  in  Virilio’s  obsession  with  the  accident,2  like  those  at  Chernobyl  and  Three  Mile  Island,  or the toxic morass at Love Canal in Niagara Falls.3 Instead, I consider here what I am calling landscapes of erasure: the large-scale, intentional removal of socio-cultural place through processes of  engineering,  often  due—but  not  limited—to  industries  of  extraction,  power  generation,  and shipping and transport. That is, I am exploring the erasure of material and socio-cultural landscape  by  human  forces  operating  at  the  geologic  scale  because  such  scale  reveals  and  magnifies the consequences of human interaction with the land, both intentional and otherwise.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Being With(in) the Geolithic</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Internet as Shamanic Tool</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Anthony Easton</PersonName>
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          <PersonName>Rachel E. McRae</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;As the medium shaping much of our current world view and mapping our interior geography, the landscape of the internet also frames our contemporary sensings of the geologic. But between the thinking and the experiencing of internet time and geologic/deep time, a fissure opens up. How do we reconcile the co-existence, both corporeal and intellectual, of two distinctly different conceptions of time and permanence: one a web-space where the longevity of a place or object is dependent upon its continuous viewership and refresh-rate, and the other a slowly shifting behemoth we physically travel across? How might an embodied knowing, a deep-knowing of deep-time, locate itself within the speed-driven space of the internet?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;As the medium shaping much of our current world view and mapping our interior geography, the landscape of the internet also frames our contemporary sensings of the geologic. But between the thinking and the experiencing of internet time and geologic/deep time, a fissure opens up. How do we reconcile the co-existence, both corporeal and intellectual, of two distinctly different conceptions of time and permanence: one a web-space where the longevity of a place or object is dependent upon its continuous viewership and refresh-rate, and the other a slowly shifting behemoth we physically travel across? How might an embodied knowing, a deep-knowing of deep-time, locate itself within the speed-driven space of the internet?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Easton, Anthony</PersonName>
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            <PersonName>McRae, Racheal E.</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Land Making Machines</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Brian Davis</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Cubits Gap is a major subdelta of the Mississippi River. The gap formed in 1862 after an oyster fisherman, Cubit, and his daughters excavated a small ditch in the levee between the River and the oyster-rich Bay Ronde. Intending to make an easier portage for their rowboat, they created a small crevasse. In springtime, meltwater poured through it. Six years later the crevasse was 2,427 feet wide [Ref. 1]. By 1940 a landmass larger than New Orleans had been created and the Bay Ronde had completely disappeared. Today the Cubits Gap subdelta is 40,000 acres of National Wildlife Refuge and is quickly subsiding back into the Gulf of Mexico, a microcosm of the dynamism and potentiality of the Mississippi River as the great land making machine [LMM].1This LMM built the Mississippi Delta over the last 5,000 years with the massive slurry loads it transports from the heart of the continent to the Gulf of Mexico. It is estimated that before 1930, this load was about 400 million tons of sediment per year [Ref. 2]. Since 1930, this load has decreased significantly. Current estimates range from 145 million to 230 million tons per year. This reduction can be explained, in part, by the 1936 Flood Control Act and the decision by Congress to reconstruct the river as a flood control and navigation system on a continental scale.2  Despite  this  massive  reduction,  the  LMM  still  discharges  sediment  at  a  rate  roughly  equal to that of the next six largest rivers in the United States combined [Ref. 3]. Most of this sediment is no longer used to continuously build the delta. Rather, thanks to the 1870’s engi-neering of Capt. James Eads, it is shot out into deepwater in the Gulf of Mexico.3 Since 1930 a landmass approximating the size of Delaware has been lost from the Louisiana coast [Ref. 4]. But the potential of the LMM remains.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Cubits Gap is a major subdelta of the Mississippi River. The gap formed in 1862 after an oyster fisherman, Cubit, and his daughters excavated a small ditch in the levee between the River and the oyster-rich Bay Ronde. Intending to make an easier portage for their rowboat, they created a small crevasse. In springtime, meltwater poured through it. Six years later the crevasse was 2,427 feet wide [Ref. 1]. By 1940 a landmass larger than New Orleans had been created and the Bay Ronde had completely disappeared. Today the Cubits Gap subdelta is 40,000 acres of National Wildlife Refuge and is quickly subsiding back into the Gulf of Mexico, a microcosm of the dynamism and potentiality of the Mississippi River as the great land making machine [LMM].1This LMM built the Mississippi Delta over the last 5,000 years with the massive slurry loads it transports from the heart of the continent to the Gulf of Mexico. It is estimated that before 1930, this load was about 400 million tons of sediment per year [Ref. 2]. Since 1930, this load has decreased significantly. Current estimates range from 145 million to 230 million tons per year. This reduction can be explained, in part, by the 1936 Flood Control Act and the decision by Congress to reconstruct the river as a flood control and navigation system on a continental scale.2  Despite  this  massive  reduction,  the  LMM  still  discharges  sediment  at  a  rate  roughly  equal to that of the next six largest rivers in the United States combined [Ref. 3]. Most of this sediment is no longer used to continuously build the delta. Rather, thanks to the 1870’s engi-neering of Capt. James Eads, it is shot out into deepwater in the Gulf of Mexico.3 Since 1930 a landmass approximating the size of Delaware has been lost from the Louisiana coast [Ref. 4]. But the potential of the LMM remains.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Davis, Brian</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Space-Time Vertigo</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Brett Milligan</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>University of Oregon</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In  1897  the  United  States  Geological  Survey  (USGS)  began  the  task  of  surveying  the  entire  nation.  From  1897  to  1992  the  survey  produced  over  55,000  7.5-minute  topography  maps,  creating the only uniform map covering the entire extent of the lower continental 48 states in detail.1 These surveys became the definitive source for remote sensing2 the country’s lands and what was being inscribed upon them. In contrast to its strictly ‘geologic’ surveys, inventories of subsurface mineral deposits, USGS topographic maps gave equal consideration to surficial landscape features (landforms, rivers, and streams) as well as our cultural alteration of those forms and surfaces. Because the topographic surveys mapped the cultural terrain, they needed to be periodically updated to include how our use of the landscape was changing it.Figure  1  shows  two  USGS  topographic  maps  depicting  the  same  location  and  extent  of  Basin and Range territory in southwestern New Mexico. The first was surveyed around 1915 and  the  second  around  1992.  In  the  interval  between  them,  the  survey’s  conventions  for  drawing the landscape remained largely the same. Differences in style are subtle in compari-son to the massive physical changes in the terrain they depict. What in 1915 was a landscape of undulating hills, underground mine shafts and the sprawling town of Tyrone has vanished within  the  manufactured  geography  of  an  open-pit  copper  mine.  In  the  process,  over  seven  contiguous miles of the former Continental Divide was displaced from its former location.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In  1897  the  United  States  Geological  Survey  (USGS)  began  the  task  of  surveying  the  entire  nation.  From  1897  to  1992  the  survey  produced  over  55,000  7.5-minute  topography  maps,  creating the only uniform map covering the entire extent of the lower continental 48 states in detail.1 These surveys became the definitive source for remote sensing2 the country’s lands and what was being inscribed upon them. In contrast to its strictly ‘geologic’ surveys, inventories of subsurface mineral deposits, USGS topographic maps gave equal consideration to surficial landscape features (landforms, rivers, and streams) as well as our cultural alteration of those forms and surfaces. Because the topographic surveys mapped the cultural terrain, they needed to be periodically updated to include how our use of the landscape was changing it.Figure  1  shows  two  USGS  topographic  maps  depicting  the  same  location  and  extent  of  Basin and Range territory in southwestern New Mexico. The first was surveyed around 1915 and  the  second  around  1992.  In  the  interval  between  them,  the  survey’s  conventions  for  drawing the landscape remained largely the same. Differences in style are subtle in compari-son to the massive physical changes in the terrain they depict. What in 1915 was a landscape of undulating hills, underground mine shafts and the sprawling town of Tyrone has vanished within  the  manufactured  geography  of  an  open-pit  copper  mine.  In  the  process,  over  seven  contiguous miles of the former Continental Divide was displaced from its former location.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Fertilizing Earthworks</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Chris Taylor</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>Texas Tech University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Earthworks map the intersection of human construction and geomorphology. They begin with land  and  extend  through  the  complex  social  and  ecological  processes  that  create  landscape.  Propelled by the legacy of John Brinkerhoff Jackson, our understanding of earthworks as sites where the human and the geologic intersect has expanded to encompass human settlements, monumental artworks and industrial installations, as well as traces of their construction and decay, ranging from geologic material and weather to cigarette butts and hydroelectric dams.Since  humans  took  an  active  role  in  cultivating  food  and  medicine,  nearly  10,000  years  ago, we have been involved in shaping the surface of the earth and learned quickly the impor-tance of maintaining soil fertility by adding available organic nutrients to the ground. Human development occurred over millennia precisely because of our ability to sustain ourselves in the places where we lived. Understanding the chemical make up of soil fertility began with the identification of the key ingredients: phosphorus in 1669, nitrogen in 1772, and potassium in 1807. Nitrogen, while comprising 78% of the earth’s atmosphere, was the most difficult to isolate.  Feeding  the  biological  hunger  for  usable  nitrogen  to  create  chemical  fertilizers  required a source for naturally occurring nirates—nitrogen-oxygen chemical units accessible to reaction. The arrival of industrialization, ushering in the Anthropocene, is marked by the human ability to move vast quantities of geologic material.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Earthworks map the intersection of human construction and geomorphology. They begin with land  and  extend  through  the  complex  social  and  ecological  processes  that  create  landscape.  Propelled by the legacy of John Brinkerhoff Jackson, our understanding of earthworks as sites where the human and the geologic intersect has expanded to encompass human settlements, monumental artworks and industrial installations, as well as traces of their construction and decay, ranging from geologic material and weather to cigarette butts and hydroelectric dams.Since  humans  took  an  active  role  in  cultivating  food  and  medicine,  nearly  10,000  years  ago, we have been involved in shaping the surface of the earth and learned quickly the impor-tance of maintaining soil fertility by adding available organic nutrients to the ground. Human development occurred over millennia precisely because of our ability to sustain ourselves in the places where we lived. Understanding the chemical make up of soil fertility began with the identification of the key ingredients: phosphorus in 1669, nitrogen in 1772, and potassium in 1807. Nitrogen, while comprising 78% of the earth’s atmosphere, was the most difficult to isolate.  Feeding  the  biological  hunger  for  usable  nitrogen  to  create  chemical  fertilizers  required a source for naturally occurring nirates—nitrogen-oxygen chemical units accessible to reaction. The arrival of industrialization, ushering in the Anthropocene, is marked by the human ability to move vast quantities of geologic material.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Taylor, Chris</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Blank Stare (10 Images and Corresponding Notes on the Pensive in Photography and its Utility in the Face of Catastrophe, as Excerpted from A History of the Future)</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Susannah Sayler</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>Syracuse University</Affiliation>
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          <PersonName>Edward Morris</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>Syracuse University</Affiliation>
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          <PersonName>The Canary Project</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Most of us barely know how to read the land. But once you start to learn, even a little, you are confronted everywhere with absence. You are drawn back into the past, and this seems, at first, the only direction you can go. You see glaciers in the striations on the stone, the flatness of the valley at the foot of the mountain, the melt water, the rocks left in a field thousands of years ago by the withdrawal of a nearly unimaginable force. Yet, feeling the past in this way is like taking a few, hard steps up a hill, gaining elevation from which you ultimately hope to see in all directions, even the future...&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Most of us barely know how to read the land. But once you start to learn, even a little, you are confronted everywhere with absence. You are drawn back into the past, and this seems, at first, the only direction you can go. You see glaciers in the striations on the stone, the flatness of the valley at the foot of the mountain, the melt water, the rocks left in a field thousands of years ago by the withdrawal of a nearly unimaginable force. Yet, feeling the past in this way is like taking a few, hard steps up a hill, gaining elevation from which you ultimately hope to see in all directions, even the future...&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <PersonName>Sayler, Susannah</PersonName>
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            <PersonName>Morris, Edward</PersonName>
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            <PersonName>The Canary Project</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Artifacts</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Trevor Paglen's Frontier Photography</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Brooke Belisle</PersonName>
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              <IDValue>05qghxh33</IDValue>
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            <Affiliation>Stony Brook University</Affiliation>
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          <LanguageCode>eng</LanguageCode>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The first photograph of Trevor Paglen’s 2010 diptych, Artifacts, is familiar. Picturing ancient ruins nestled in the cliffs of Arizona’s Canyon de Chelly, it echoes a 1873 photograph by Timo-thy O’Sullivan and a 1941 photograph by Ansel Adams. Paglen’s photograph, like its anteced-ents, is rendered in sharp-focus, without color, dominated by dramatic, diagonal striations of the cliff face. It frames the archeological history of the ruin within the geological history of the canyon within the cultural history of photography.Canyon de Chelly is actually the intersection of several canyons, formed by slow erosion over thirty  million  years  ago.  The  angled  striations  seen  in  the  photograph  expose  even  older  geo-logical processes, layers of sediment compressing into strata then shifting, rising, and tilting. Between  the  1st  and  4th  century,  people  now  called  the  Anasazi  settled  in  the  canyon.  They  built  the  structure  in  this  photograph  around  the  year  1000,  and,  300  years  later,  they  had  disappeared.  Navajo  tribes  spreading  across  the  Southwest  discovered  the  ruins  already  500  years old. In the 18th century, Spanish colonists ventured into the canyon and soon they were converting and killing Navajos who lived there&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The first photograph of Trevor Paglen’s 2010 diptych, Artifacts, is familiar. Picturing ancient ruins nestled in the cliffs of Arizona’s Canyon de Chelly, it echoes a 1873 photograph by Timo-thy O’Sullivan and a 1941 photograph by Ansel Adams. Paglen’s photograph, like its anteced-ents, is rendered in sharp-focus, without color, dominated by dramatic, diagonal striations of the cliff face. It frames the archeological history of the ruin within the geological history of the canyon within the cultural history of photography.Canyon de Chelly is actually the intersection of several canyons, formed by slow erosion over thirty  million  years  ago.  The  angled  striations  seen  in  the  photograph  expose  even  older  geo-logical processes, layers of sediment compressing into strata then shifting, rising, and tilting. Between  the  1st  and  4th  century,  people  now  called  the  Anasazi  settled  in  the  canyon.  They  built  the  structure  in  this  photograph  around  the  year  1000,  and,  300  years  later,  they  had  disappeared.  Navajo  tribes  spreading  across  the  Southwest  discovered  the  ruins  already  500  years old. In the 18th century, Spanish colonists ventured into the canyon and soon they were converting and killing Navajos who lived there&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">The Uneven Time of Space Debris</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">An Interview with Trevor Paglen</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Elizabeth Ellsworth</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;PAGLEN: This  is  something  that  I  think  about  a  lot.  One  thing  that  interests  me  about  this idea of thinking geologically, or using the geologic as a kind of analytic framework or ap-proach is this: What would happen if you took geographic thinking and instead of putting it on a horizontal axis, you added a vertical axis to it, a temporal axis? You would be thinking not only about unevenness of the surface of the Earth, but also about the multiple ways in which time itself is uneven. If we go back to all the nineteenth century talk of the “annihilation of space  and  time,”  we  find  the  beginnings  of  a  world  in  which  humans  have  reshaped  time  in  the interest of capital and warfare. Mostly, we think about this in terms of speeding up time (increasing capitalist turnover times, labor productivity, financial transactions in the case of capital, and things like GPS targeting and hypersonic cruise missiles in the case of militarism).&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;PAGLEN: This  is  something  that  I  think  about  a  lot.  One  thing  that  interests  me  about  this idea of thinking geologically, or using the geologic as a kind of analytic framework or ap-proach is this: What would happen if you took geographic thinking and instead of putting it on a horizontal axis, you added a vertical axis to it, a temporal axis? You would be thinking not only about unevenness of the surface of the Earth, but also about the multiple ways in which time itself is uneven. If we go back to all the nineteenth century talk of the “annihilation of space  and  time,”  we  find  the  beginnings  of  a  world  in  which  humans  have  reshaped  time  in  the interest of capital and warfare. Mostly, we think about this in terms of speeding up time (increasing capitalist turnover times, labor productivity, financial transactions in the case of capital, and things like GPS targeting and hypersonic cruise missiles in the case of militarism).&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Autobiographical Trace Fossils</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Ilana Halperin</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Ephemeral islands, petrified raindrops, volcanic dust from Pompeii, a shared birthday with a volcano. Certain geological processes have a way of evoking a more personal response to the idea of geological time. What does a time span of 300,000,000 years actually mean? Physical Geology is an ongoing project which explores our desire to make corporeal contact with geo-logical phenomena.While conducting research as an Alchemy Fellow at the Manchester Museum, in the “oddi-ties drawer” of the geology department I came across a fine collection of lava medallions from Mount  Vesuvius,  magma  pressed  between  forged  steel  plates  to  form  an  imprint  (imagine  a waffle iron that uses lava as batter). In the same drawer, a small stone relief sculpture ap-peared to be carved out of pure white alabaster. In fact, it was a limestone cast created via the same process that forms stalactites in a cave.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Ephemeral islands, petrified raindrops, volcanic dust from Pompeii, a shared birthday with a volcano. Certain geological processes have a way of evoking a more personal response to the idea of geological time. What does a time span of 300,000,000 years actually mean? Physical Geology is an ongoing project which explores our desire to make corporeal contact with geo-logical phenomena.While conducting research as an Alchemy Fellow at the Manchester Museum, in the “oddi-ties drawer” of the geology department I came across a fine collection of lava medallions from Mount  Vesuvius,  magma  pressed  between  forged  steel  plates  to  form  an  imprint  (imagine  a waffle iron that uses lava as batter). In the same drawer, a small stone relief sculpture ap-peared to be carved out of pure white alabaster. In fact, it was a limestone cast created via the same process that forms stalactites in a cave.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Live Through This</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Surviving the Pleistocene in Southern California</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Rachel Sussman</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The  Oldest  Living  Things  in  the  World  are  continuously  living  organisms  2,000  years  old  and older. Starting at “year zero” and looking back from there, they help reframe our personal timescale  in  a  shift  towards  the  long  term  well  beyond  a  single  human  lifetime.  There  are  a  number of characteristics that many of these ancient organisms have in common, such as slow growth  rates  and  the  ability  to  thrive  in  adverse  conditions.  Likewise,  there  are  geographic  concentrations of these multi-millennials in the Mediterranean and Australia (and it should be  noted  that  there  are  many  parts  of  the  world  that  have  not  enjoyed  the  same  dedicated  scientific attentions), but one of the largest known geographical concentrations of ancient life anywhere on the planet happens to be in Southern California. If you ask someone what the oldest trees in United States are, the answer is often the Red-woods. It’s an understandable mistake: they are majestic, breathtakingly large, and admirable in both girth and height.  But while the Redwoods hold records for certain superlatives, their cousins to the south, the Giant Sequoias, are older. And even then, the Giant Sequoias are in fact  the  youngest  of  the  five  species  in  California  alone  that  have  surpassed  the  2000-year  mark.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The  Oldest  Living  Things  in  the  World  are  continuously  living  organisms  2,000  years  old  and older. Starting at “year zero” and looking back from there, they help reframe our personal timescale  in  a  shift  towards  the  long  term  well  beyond  a  single  human  lifetime.  There  are  a  number of characteristics that many of these ancient organisms have in common, such as slow growth  rates  and  the  ability  to  thrive  in  adverse  conditions.  Likewise,  there  are  geographic  concentrations of these multi-millennials in the Mediterranean and Australia (and it should be  noted  that  there  are  many  parts  of  the  world  that  have  not  enjoyed  the  same  dedicated  scientific attentions), but one of the largest known geographical concentrations of ancient life anywhere on the planet happens to be in Southern California. If you ask someone what the oldest trees in United States are, the answer is often the Red-woods. It’s an understandable mistake: they are majestic, breathtakingly large, and admirable in both girth and height.  But while the Redwoods hold records for certain superlatives, their cousins to the south, the Giant Sequoias, are older. And even then, the Giant Sequoias are in fact  the  youngest  of  the  five  species  in  California  alone  that  have  surpassed  the  2000-year  mark.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <Subtitle language="eng">Geology and the Art of Mythology in Scotland</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>John Gordon</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In the late 18th century, James Hutton’s insights opened new worlds, both geological and cul-tural. For the first time, human identity could be placed against a geological timescale, allowing the emergence of new mythologies. Hutton’s theory, underpinned by the concept of geological “unconformity,” the interruption in the “rock record” of the natural sequence of rocks, led to a new scientific and rational understanding of geology. That new understanding led to the ques-tioning of creation mythologies through empirical science, creating senses of displacement or “unconformity” among people during the Enlightenment. Humans found their senses of self and their traditional mythologies displaced in relation to, or not conforming to, the notion of deep time.As  the  science  of  Geology  set  about  developing  an  empirical  understanding  of  the  “abyss  of time” (as described by John Playfair) and reconstructing Earth history (the “worlds before Adam” in the words of Martin Rudwick), artists wrestled with a different problem: how to build new  mythologies  that  situated  humankind’s  sense  of  self  in  relationship  to  this  longest  of  all  time-signatures. The different historical responses we present here conclude with the produc-tion of “nonconformities” in the landscape by contemporary artists who are re-appropriating geologic science as the material for new mythologies that connect human time to deep time.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In the late 18th century, James Hutton’s insights opened new worlds, both geological and cul-tural. For the first time, human identity could be placed against a geological timescale, allowing the emergence of new mythologies. Hutton’s theory, underpinned by the concept of geological “unconformity,” the interruption in the “rock record” of the natural sequence of rocks, led to a new scientific and rational understanding of geology. That new understanding led to the ques-tioning of creation mythologies through empirical science, creating senses of displacement or “unconformity” among people during the Enlightenment. Humans found their senses of self and their traditional mythologies displaced in relation to, or not conforming to, the notion of deep time.As  the  science  of  Geology  set  about  developing  an  empirical  understanding  of  the  “abyss  of time” (as described by John Playfair) and reconstructing Earth history (the “worlds before Adam” in the words of Martin Rudwick), artists wrestled with a different problem: how to build new  mythologies  that  situated  humankind’s  sense  of  self  in  relationship  to  this  longest  of  all  time-signatures. The different historical responses we present here conclude with the produc-tion of “nonconformities” in the landscape by contemporary artists who are re-appropriating geologic science as the material for new mythologies that connect human time to deep time.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Time and the Breathing City</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Chris Rose</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;During the early research phase of a large Arts-Sciences-Design collaboration in the UK, I joined a site visit to the Portland stone quarry on the south coast of the UK, part of the area designated  as  the  “Jurassic  Coastline”  World  Heritage  Site.  I  was  part  of  a  small  team  com-prised of meteorologist Dr. Janet Barlow, composer and sound expert Holger Zschenderlein, and myself as artist and designer. We were in the midst of exploring concepts of time, mate-rial  evidence,  data,  and  embodied  cognition/experience  especially  connected  with  complex  systems in the atmosphere and our understanding of them.We  started  our  process  by  visiting  the  Portland  Stone  quarry  (Portland  Bill,  Dorset  UK).  This site presents a kind of “time interface” in two entirely different ways: 1) the collision of a rock formation of equatorial marine origin; Portland Bill itself as part of an “object” traveling from the equator eventually to what is now the south coast of England and embedding in the sedimentary rocks of that place. Here the differences in material properties along the collision zone altered the local erosion behavior and continues to modify the coastline. Places are acces-sible where a cross section of the collision zone can be seen; and 2) places where a vertical slice is visible through the integral, layered record within the Portland stone itself of alternating periods of forestation, shoreline formation, and subsequent reforestation forming a kind of “grammar” of observable repetition.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;During the early research phase of a large Arts-Sciences-Design collaboration in the UK, I joined a site visit to the Portland stone quarry on the south coast of the UK, part of the area designated  as  the  “Jurassic  Coastline”  World  Heritage  Site.  I  was  part  of  a  small  team  com-prised of meteorologist Dr. Janet Barlow, composer and sound expert Holger Zschenderlein, and myself as artist and designer. We were in the midst of exploring concepts of time, mate-rial  evidence,  data,  and  embodied  cognition/experience  especially  connected  with  complex  systems in the atmosphere and our understanding of them.We  started  our  process  by  visiting  the  Portland  Stone  quarry  (Portland  Bill,  Dorset  UK).  This site presents a kind of “time interface” in two entirely different ways: 1) the collision of a rock formation of equatorial marine origin; Portland Bill itself as part of an “object” traveling from the equator eventually to what is now the south coast of England and embedding in the sedimentary rocks of that place. Here the differences in material properties along the collision zone altered the local erosion behavior and continues to modify the coastline. Places are acces-sible where a cross section of the collision zone can be seen; and 2) places where a vertical slice is visible through the integral, layered record within the Portland stone itself of alternating periods of forestation, shoreline formation, and subsequent reforestation forming a kind of “grammar” of observable repetition.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Robert Smithson's Abstract Geology</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Revisiting the Premonitory Politics of the Triassic</Subtitle>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In  response  to  an  artist  symposium  question  regarding  the  “deepening  political  crisis  in  America,”  Robert  Smithson  published  a  piece  in  Artforum,  September  1970,  titled  “Art  and  the Political Whirlpool or the Politics of Disgust.” In it, he said: My ‘position’ is one of sinking into an awareness of global squalor and futility. The rat of poli-tics always gnaws at the cheese of art. The trap is set. If there’s an original curse, then politics has  something  to  do  with  it.  Direct  political  action  becomes  a  matter  of  trying  to  pick  poi-son  out  of  boiling  stew.  The  pain  of  this  experience  accelerates  the  need  for  more  and  more  actions.1Later that same year, when asked about his political stance by Philip Leider, Smithson re-marked, “I’m interested in the politics of the Triassic period.” In an earlier essay, “The Crystal Land” (1966), Smithson suggested some of the sedimentary compositions at stake in a geo-artistic politics:Brian H. Mason, in his fascinating booklet, Trap Rock Minerals of New Jersey, speaks of the “Triassic sedimentary rocks of the Neward series,” which are related to those of the Palisades.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In  response  to  an  artist  symposium  question  regarding  the  “deepening  political  crisis  in  America,”  Robert  Smithson  published  a  piece  in  Artforum,  September  1970,  titled  “Art  and  the Political Whirlpool or the Politics of Disgust.” In it, he said: My ‘position’ is one of sinking into an awareness of global squalor and futility. The rat of poli-tics always gnaws at the cheese of art. The trap is set. If there’s an original curse, then politics has  something  to  do  with  it.  Direct  political  action  becomes  a  matter  of  trying  to  pick  poi-son  out  of  boiling  stew.  The  pain  of  this  experience  accelerates  the  need  for  more  and  more  actions.1Later that same year, when asked about his political stance by Philip Leider, Smithson re-marked, “I’m interested in the politics of the Triassic period.” In an earlier essay, “The Crystal Land” (1966), Smithson suggested some of the sedimentary compositions at stake in a geo-artistic politics:Brian H. Mason, in his fascinating booklet, Trap Rock Minerals of New Jersey, speaks of the “Triassic sedimentary rocks of the Neward series,” which are related to those of the Palisades.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Jarrod Beck</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Geologic Anxiety</Subtitle>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;It’s a straightforward proposition, but one just as often overlooked: what’s here is here now, only  because  of  how  it  was  then,  and  it  won’t  be  this  way  forever.  It  seems  we  are  uniquely  able to appreciate this when the terrain around us changes, when a storm or an interruption (a quake, a tidal wave) jostles our sense of scale and proportion and their accompanying vari-ables shift. A body shrinks and quiets against an unspeakably broad landscape, rain cracks a bright day into pounding blackness. Yet,  how  do  we  measure  ourselves  against  slower,  monumental  shifts  that  carve  the  land  around us? What “geologic anxiety” might manifest from our sense of being in a continual, if imperceptible, state of flux? On five acres in the far West Texas desert outpost of Terlingua, artist Jarrod Beck is care-fully enacting a “Disruption Regime” to explore this question. In local intraterrestial parlance, this “disruption” refers to overgrazing that permanently changes the structure of the ground plane,  eroding  the  root  system  and  in  turn  the  ground’s  ability  to  withstand  summer  rain-storms. These Texas storms then become floods, sending the land on the move and rendering it  permanently  hostile  to  many  forms  of  growth.  Beck  appropriates  the  term  for  an  experi-mental “ground-drawing,” which he views as a test in marking human action against the top strata of the geology it occupies.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;It’s a straightforward proposition, but one just as often overlooked: what’s here is here now, only  because  of  how  it  was  then,  and  it  won’t  be  this  way  forever.  It  seems  we  are  uniquely  able to appreciate this when the terrain around us changes, when a storm or an interruption (a quake, a tidal wave) jostles our sense of scale and proportion and their accompanying vari-ables shift. A body shrinks and quiets against an unspeakably broad landscape, rain cracks a bright day into pounding blackness. Yet,  how  do  we  measure  ourselves  against  slower,  monumental  shifts  that  carve  the  land  around us? What “geologic anxiety” might manifest from our sense of being in a continual, if imperceptible, state of flux? On five acres in the far West Texas desert outpost of Terlingua, artist Jarrod Beck is care-fully enacting a “Disruption Regime” to explore this question. In local intraterrestial parlance, this “disruption” refers to overgrazing that permanently changes the structure of the ground plane,  eroding  the  root  system  and  in  turn  the  ground’s  ability  to  withstand  summer  rain-storms. These Texas storms then become floods, sending the land on the move and rendering it  permanently  hostile  to  many  forms  of  growth.  Beck  appropriates  the  term  for  an  experi-mental “ground-drawing,” which he views as a test in marking human action against the top strata of the geology it occupies.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">The Border Project</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Victoria Sambunaris</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The US/Mexico border spans approximately 2000 miles from the Gulf of Mexico to the Pa-cific Ocean. This southern border weaves its way through diverse terrains and waterways: riv-ers, mountains, valleys, grasslands, refuges, reservoirs, reservations, parks, forest, canyons, deserts,  dunes,  ranches,  towns,  and  farms.  The  extreme  physical  diversity  of  the  landscape  along the border fluctuates between dense urban sprawl compressed along the dividing fence where one can practically see into a person’s home across the border to remote uncultivated desert areas with ancient geological formations where one may not see a soul for days. An imposing physical barrier creates the division between the two countries. The adjacent landscape on the US side is stripped away to accommodate access for Border Patrol and other federal law enforcement agents. From afar, it appears to resemble an extended landing strip or perhaps an environmental art piece. But at ground level, the conspicuous steel fence is a physical reality.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The US/Mexico border spans approximately 2000 miles from the Gulf of Mexico to the Pa-cific Ocean. This southern border weaves its way through diverse terrains and waterways: riv-ers, mountains, valleys, grasslands, refuges, reservoirs, reservations, parks, forest, canyons, deserts,  dunes,  ranches,  towns,  and  farms.  The  extreme  physical  diversity  of  the  landscape  along the border fluctuates between dense urban sprawl compressed along the dividing fence where one can practically see into a person’s home across the border to remote uncultivated desert areas with ancient geological formations where one may not see a soul for days. An imposing physical barrier creates the division between the two countries. The adjacent landscape on the US side is stripped away to accommodate access for Border Patrol and other federal law enforcement agents. From afar, it appears to resemble an extended landing strip or perhaps an environmental art piece. But at ground level, the conspicuous steel fence is a physical reality.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">473 Inches at 60 Frames Per Second</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Wade Kavanaugh</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;473 Inches at 60 Frames per Secondwas a site-specific sculptural installation with reference to the Wisconsin Glacial Episode, a glacial period that left Minnesota and parts of Wisconsin covered with numerous lakes and rivers. At the Soap Factory in Minneapolis, MN, Wade Kava-naugh and Stephen B. Nguyen created a two-part artwork that consisted of a glacial ice sheet made  of  textured  white  kraft  paper  and  a  time  lapse  video.  The  two  works  were  physically  and temporally downscaled to human scale. The sculpture was created in a way that the final stop-motion  documentation  read  as  if  the  glacier  was  advancing  over  a  stone  canyon  made  of brown kraft paper. The time lapse video shows the paper glacier advancing at a rate of 473 inches  at  60  frames  per  second,  a  metric  that  shifts  physical  scale  and  time,  from  glacial  to  human&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;473 Inches at 60 Frames per Secondwas a site-specific sculptural installation with reference to the Wisconsin Glacial Episode, a glacial period that left Minnesota and parts of Wisconsin covered with numerous lakes and rivers. At the Soap Factory in Minneapolis, MN, Wade Kava-naugh and Stephen B. Nguyen created a two-part artwork that consisted of a glacial ice sheet made  of  textured  white  kraft  paper  and  a  time  lapse  video.  The  two  works  were  physically  and temporally downscaled to human scale. The sculpture was created in a way that the final stop-motion  documentation  read  as  if  the  glacier  was  advancing  over  a  stone  canyon  made  of brown kraft paper. The time lapse video shows the paper glacier advancing at a rate of 473 inches  at  60  frames  per  second,  a  metric  that  shifts  physical  scale  and  time,  from  glacial  to  human&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Nothing from Nothing</TitleText>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;These images are from Drawn to the Edge, my solo exhibition at the New Orleans Museum of Art (June 15 to September 9, 2012). In many ways the work is an attempt to capture time—to ex-plore how today’s New Orleans is profoundly connected to its past and to consider how quickly we seem to be running out of time.During a six-week residency this spring at A Studio in the Woods (ASITW), which is located on  a  bend  of  the  Mississippi  River  just  east  of  the  city  center,  I  looked  atthe  history  of  the  place, focusing my research on the city and its relationship with the river, through both the slow processes of geologic time and the rapid changes of the 20th and 21st centuries. I quickly came to  see  that  New  Orleans’  history  is  fundamentally  connected  to  its  underlying  geology,  more  so than any other place I’ve ever been. Five thousand years ago, there was no land where New Orleans is today – it was all open water. Slowly over the millennia, the alluvial plain of southern Louisiana was created as the Mississippi River dropped sediment along its meandering path to the Gulf of Mexico.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;These images are from Drawn to the Edge, my solo exhibition at the New Orleans Museum of Art (June 15 to September 9, 2012). In many ways the work is an attempt to capture time—to ex-plore how today’s New Orleans is profoundly connected to its past and to consider how quickly we seem to be running out of time.During a six-week residency this spring at A Studio in the Woods (ASITW), which is located on  a  bend  of  the  Mississippi  River  just  east  of  the  city  center,  I  looked  atthe  history  of  the  place, focusing my research on the city and its relationship with the river, through both the slow processes of geologic time and the rapid changes of the 20th and 21st centuries. I quickly came to  see  that  New  Orleans’  history  is  fundamentally  connected  to  its  underlying  geology,  more  so than any other place I’ve ever been. Five thousand years ago, there was no land where New Orleans is today – it was all open water. Slowly over the millennia, the alluvial plain of southern Louisiana was created as the Mississippi River dropped sediment along its meandering path to the Gulf of Mexico.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <Subtitle language="eng">Situating Engagement with Material and Experiential Geographies</Subtitle>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The ubiquitous observation of our time is transformation: cultural, technological, social, po-litical, economical, and geological. We are in the midst of unprecedented re-alignments and re-articulations of every aspect of our lives. There are people and institutions across all disciplines and across the globe that are increasingly confronted by the need for new models of asking the extraordinarily complex questions of our time. The challenges, possibilities of our moment are extraordinary; they call for creative urgency, considered stewardship, and new spaces bringing together diverse voices. Arts  Letters  &amp;amp;  Numbers,  a  workshop  conducted  in  summer  2012,  involving  30  participants  from  12  countries,  is  just  such  a  space.  It  offered  a  new  approach  to  constructing  alternative  pathways of interaction among a wide range of individuals, disciplines and geographies.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The ubiquitous observation of our time is transformation: cultural, technological, social, po-litical, economical, and geological. We are in the midst of unprecedented re-alignments and re-articulations of every aspect of our lives. There are people and institutions across all disciplines and across the globe that are increasingly confronted by the need for new models of asking the extraordinarily complex questions of our time. The challenges, possibilities of our moment are extraordinary; they call for creative urgency, considered stewardship, and new spaces bringing together diverse voices. Arts  Letters  &amp;amp;  Numbers,  a  workshop  conducted  in  summer  2012,  involving  30  participants  from  12  countries,  is  just  such  a  space.  It  offered  a  new  approach  to  constructing  alternative  pathways of interaction among a wide range of individuals, disciplines and geographies.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Neo-Eocene</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Oliver Kellhammer</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Back in the mid-1960s, I was a feral sort of a child who loved scampering around construc-tion sites, climbing the huge, grey piles of excavated shale that were popping up all over my rapidly developing Toronto suburb. I might have been six or so when I first really noticed the slabs of muddy smelling rock often contained  the  imprints  of  scallop  shells,  snails,  and  fragments  of  coral,  things  I  recognized  from picture books but hadn’t yet seen in real life as we lived hundreds of miles from the near-est ocean. Yet 450 million years before, during the Ordovician era, where I was playing would have been the middle of a vast ocean whose limpid, tropical waters teemed with fantastic life forms such as giant, predatory sea scorpions and nautiloids that jetted through the primeval currents like living missiles. I knew this from visiting the Royal Ontario Museum’s brand new, McLuhan-inspired,  Hall  of  Invertebrate  Paleontology,  which  recreated  detailed  dioramas  of  life in Ontario’s ancient seas, complete with theatrical lighting and interactive, taped-looped narratives played through banks of telephone receivers&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Back in the mid-1960s, I was a feral sort of a child who loved scampering around construc-tion sites, climbing the huge, grey piles of excavated shale that were popping up all over my rapidly developing Toronto suburb. I might have been six or so when I first really noticed the slabs of muddy smelling rock often contained  the  imprints  of  scallop  shells,  snails,  and  fragments  of  coral,  things  I  recognized  from picture books but hadn’t yet seen in real life as we lived hundreds of miles from the near-est ocean. Yet 450 million years before, during the Ordovician era, where I was playing would have been the middle of a vast ocean whose limpid, tropical waters teemed with fantastic life forms such as giant, predatory sea scorpions and nautiloids that jetted through the primeval currents like living missiles. I knew this from visiting the Royal Ontario Museum’s brand new, McLuhan-inspired,  Hall  of  Invertebrate  Paleontology,  which  recreated  detailed  dioramas  of  life in Ontario’s ancient seas, complete with theatrical lighting and interactive, taped-looped narratives played through banks of telephone receivers&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">The Leslie Street Spit</TitleText>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The Leslie Street Spit is a long finger of artificial land stretching into Lake Ontario from To-ronto’s shore. It was originally conceived in the 1950s as a breakwater for the city’s northern harbor, but with changes in shipping methods quickly became obsolete in its original purpose. It remained, however, such a convenient place to discard of what is cleverly called “clean fill”—referring mostly to broken up pieces of demolished urban buildings—that it continues as an active dumping site today, expanding ever further into the lake. Owing  to  its  open  land  and  remote  location,  the  spit  was  rapidly  colonized  by  vegetation  and wildlife, including several endangered species. Though this was never part of official plans, the spit became a hybrid-urban wilderness where, amidst the rubble of brick and bent rebar, nature thrived.These photographs document one of the oldest sections of the spit where the dumped rub-ble has settled and compacted into a soil like state. On the surface, where vegetation abounds, the ground reads as natural, not much different from any other conservation area. But, along the shoreline where the water pulls at the edge of the spit, the contents of the ground become visible—a rust colored metallic band, speckled with shards of glass, plastic and other debris. Essentially  made  from  old  iterations  of  the  city,  disposed  of  to  make  way  for  the  new,  this  band offers an early glimpse of the urban world made geologic&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The Leslie Street Spit is a long finger of artificial land stretching into Lake Ontario from To-ronto’s shore. It was originally conceived in the 1950s as a breakwater for the city’s northern harbor, but with changes in shipping methods quickly became obsolete in its original purpose. It remained, however, such a convenient place to discard of what is cleverly called “clean fill”—referring mostly to broken up pieces of demolished urban buildings—that it continues as an active dumping site today, expanding ever further into the lake. Owing  to  its  open  land  and  remote  location,  the  spit  was  rapidly  colonized  by  vegetation  and wildlife, including several endangered species. Though this was never part of official plans, the spit became a hybrid-urban wilderness where, amidst the rubble of brick and bent rebar, nature thrived.These photographs document one of the oldest sections of the spit where the dumped rub-ble has settled and compacted into a soil like state. On the surface, where vegetation abounds, the ground reads as natural, not much different from any other conservation area. But, along the shoreline where the water pulls at the edge of the spit, the contents of the ground become visible—a rust colored metallic band, speckled with shards of glass, plastic and other debris. Essentially  made  from  old  iterations  of  the  city,  disposed  of  to  make  way  for  the  new,  this  band offers an early glimpse of the urban world made geologic&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Trace-Cameraless Records of Radioactive Contamination</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Shimpei Takeda</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;As an artist working with analog photographic techniques that are rapidly in decline, a native of Japan, and moreover being born in Fukushima prefecture, I took on a mission to create a physical record of the worst man-made nuclear accident in history.  A  photograph  can  be  created  by  electromagnetic  radiation  other  than  light.  Radiation  and visible light are similar forms of energy, they just travel in different wavelengths. Using cameraless processes, I want to capture the current state of Japan directly, by exposing photo-sensitive material to traces of radiation emitted from contaminated particles.  Through  visualizing  the  traces  into  visible  form,  the  resulting  images  will  speak  to  us  be-yond the photograph, and perhaps they will be a valuable asset and documentation for future generations.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;As an artist working with analog photographic techniques that are rapidly in decline, a native of Japan, and moreover being born in Fukushima prefecture, I took on a mission to create a physical record of the worst man-made nuclear accident in history.  A  photograph  can  be  created  by  electromagnetic  radiation  other  than  light.  Radiation  and visible light are similar forms of energy, they just travel in different wavelengths. Using cameraless processes, I want to capture the current state of Japan directly, by exposing photo-sensitive material to traces of radiation emitted from contaminated particles.  Through  visualizing  the  traces  into  visible  form,  the  resulting  images  will  speak  to  us  be-yond the photograph, and perhaps they will be a valuable asset and documentation for future generations.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <PersonName>Takeda, Shimpei</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Power of Configuration</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">When Infrastructure Goes off the Rails</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Jamie Kruse</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;On November 11, 2011, the Institute of Nuclear Power Operations (INPO) delivered a timeline to an audience of U.S. industry executives, the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, and members of Congress. It detailed the unfolding of events at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power station during, and in the critical hours following, the earthquake and tsunami of March 11, 2011. The story contained within the document entitled, “Special Report on the Nuclear Accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station,” reads like a screenplay. The gravity of the immediate hours  after  the  accident,  detailed  and  delivered  through  stark  legalistic  language,  confronts  the reader with a poignant reminder: when things don’t go as planned, human bodies are what must show up to try to steer things back on course.The INPO report serves well as a reference manual for contemporary designers, architects, urban planners, and engineers. It’s a powerful invitation to consider configuration in relation to  infrastructure  design  and  planning.  Configuration:  how  and  where  we  stage  what  we  de-sign, how humans and infrastructures are situated in relation to one another, and how they inevitably interact. Yet humans and infrastructures exist not only in relation to one another and the landscape, but also in relation to the multitude of earth forces capable of rising up and challenging our best design and engineering capacities.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;On November 11, 2011, the Institute of Nuclear Power Operations (INPO) delivered a timeline to an audience of U.S. industry executives, the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, and members of Congress. It detailed the unfolding of events at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power station during, and in the critical hours following, the earthquake and tsunami of March 11, 2011. The story contained within the document entitled, “Special Report on the Nuclear Accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station,” reads like a screenplay. The gravity of the immediate hours  after  the  accident,  detailed  and  delivered  through  stark  legalistic  language,  confronts  the reader with a poignant reminder: when things don’t go as planned, human bodies are what must show up to try to steer things back on course.The INPO report serves well as a reference manual for contemporary designers, architects, urban planners, and engineers. It’s a powerful invitation to consider configuration in relation to  infrastructure  design  and  planning.  Configuration:  how  and  where  we  stage  what  we  de-sign, how humans and infrastructures are situated in relation to one another, and how they inevitably interact. Yet humans and infrastructures exist not only in relation to one another and the landscape, but also in relation to the multitude of earth forces capable of rising up and challenging our best design and engineering capacities.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;On  September  29th,  2009,  I  was  about  to  begin  a  pilgrimage  to  a  remote  location  in  the  Southwestern desert. With my mother as navigator, my plan was to drive from my home state of  Montana  to  the  Trinity  Nuclear  Test  Site,  located  within  the  White  Sands  Missile  Range  between Alamogordo and Soccorro, New Mexico. The United States military opens the Trinity Test Site to the general public two times a year, in the beginning of October and April.  On July 16, 1945, the first plutonium-based atomic weapon was detonated on a remote location in the New Mexican desert. The subsequent explosion of “The Gadget” was described as a blinding light of golden, purple, violet, gray, and blue, lighting up the early desert morning as if it were high noon. At ten miles away, spectators required dark sunglasses to look upon the explosion without damage to their eyes. The  Trinity  explosion  did  not  produce  a  crater  at  ground  zero,  but  left  behind  a  small  lake  of  greenish  glass,  dubbed  “trinitite.”  It  is  theorized  that  the  intense  heat  generated  by  the  nuclear  fireball  (in  excess  of  14,000  degrees  Fahrenheit)  liquefied  the  desert  sand  floor  into  glass  and  sucked  the  material  into  the  emergent  mushroom  cloud.    At  such  high  force  and  temperature,  the  vaporized  glass  behaves  like  water  in  a  typical  cloud:  it  collects  in  the  mushroom  cloud,  aggregates  and  falls  back  to  the  earth  as  a  shower  of  molten  glass.  The  extant  body  of  glass,  trinitite,  was  the  only  material  that  remained  at  ground  zero—The  Gadget and the metal scaffolding holding the device were obliterated.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;On  September  29th,  2009,  I  was  about  to  begin  a  pilgrimage  to  a  remote  location  in  the  Southwestern desert. With my mother as navigator, my plan was to drive from my home state of  Montana  to  the  Trinity  Nuclear  Test  Site,  located  within  the  White  Sands  Missile  Range  between Alamogordo and Soccorro, New Mexico. The United States military opens the Trinity Test Site to the general public two times a year, in the beginning of October and April.  On July 16, 1945, the first plutonium-based atomic weapon was detonated on a remote location in the New Mexican desert. The subsequent explosion of “The Gadget” was described as a blinding light of golden, purple, violet, gray, and blue, lighting up the early desert morning as if it were high noon. At ten miles away, spectators required dark sunglasses to look upon the explosion without damage to their eyes. The  Trinity  explosion  did  not  produce  a  crater  at  ground  zero,  but  left  behind  a  small  lake  of  greenish  glass,  dubbed  “trinitite.”  It  is  theorized  that  the  intense  heat  generated  by  the  nuclear  fireball  (in  excess  of  14,000  degrees  Fahrenheit)  liquefied  the  desert  sand  floor  into  glass  and  sucked  the  material  into  the  emergent  mushroom  cloud.    At  such  high  force  and  temperature,  the  vaporized  glass  behaves  like  water  in  a  typical  cloud:  it  collects  in  the  mushroom  cloud,  aggregates  and  falls  back  to  the  earth  as  a  shower  of  molten  glass.  The  extant  body  of  glass,  trinitite,  was  the  only  material  that  remained  at  ground  zero—The  Gadget and the metal scaffolding holding the device were obliterated.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">One Million Years of Isolation</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">An Interview with Abraham Van Luik</Subtitle>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Geoff  Manaugh:  How  did  you  start  designing  a  project  like  Yucca  Mountain,  when  you’re  dealing with such enormous timescales and geological complexity? Abraham  Van  Luik:  You  start  with  a  question:  How  do  you  perceive  the  need  to  isolate  a  material from the environment?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Geoff  Manaugh:  How  did  you  start  designing  a  project  like  Yucca  Mountain,  when  you’re  dealing with such enormous timescales and geological complexity? Abraham  Van  Luik:  You  start  with  a  question:  How  do  you  perceive  the  need  to  isolate  a  material from the environment?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Though the underground nuclear catacombs for America’s spent nuclear fuel are yet to be created,  radioactive  tombs  of  America’s  various  nuclear  programs  already  exist  today,  with  more  to  come.  Most  are  repositories  for  the  remains  of  uranium  mills,  processing  facilities,  weapons  plants,  and  contaminated  tailings,  bulldozed  into  engineered  isolation  mounds  designed to limit contact with their surroundings for hundreds of years. There are dozens of these mounds, across the country from Pennsylvania to Arizona, built mostly by the Depart-ment of Energy, and maintained by their Legacy Management office.These disposal mounds are generally low, rectilinear piles with flat, sloping tops – terrestrial umbrellas,  keeping  moisture  out  of  the  pile  as  much  as  possible.  In  arid  environments,  the  outer layer is a coating of coarse riprap rock, a dead space where nothing grows, where no soil forms,  and  no  roots  take  hold  that  could  pierce  the  radioactive  core.  This  tough  skin  allows  occasional rains to pass through it to the next layer, a low-permeability clayey mixture a few feet thick. Water drains off to the side of the pile through channels at the base held in place with more layers of crushed stone.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Though the underground nuclear catacombs for America’s spent nuclear fuel are yet to be created,  radioactive  tombs  of  America’s  various  nuclear  programs  already  exist  today,  with  more  to  come.  Most  are  repositories  for  the  remains  of  uranium  mills,  processing  facilities,  weapons  plants,  and  contaminated  tailings,  bulldozed  into  engineered  isolation  mounds  designed to limit contact with their surroundings for hundreds of years. There are dozens of these mounds, across the country from Pennsylvania to Arizona, built mostly by the Depart-ment of Energy, and maintained by their Legacy Management office.These disposal mounds are generally low, rectilinear piles with flat, sloping tops – terrestrial umbrellas,  keeping  moisture  out  of  the  pile  as  much  as  possible.  In  arid  environments,  the  outer layer is a coating of coarse riprap rock, a dead space where nothing grows, where no soil forms,  and  no  roots  take  hold  that  could  pierce  the  radioactive  core.  This  tough  skin  allows  occasional rains to pass through it to the next layer, a low-permeability clayey mixture a few feet thick. Water drains off to the side of the pile through channels at the base held in place with more layers of crushed stone.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Ellsworth and Kruse have curated a powerful collection of words and images, “speculative or aesthetic devices” designed to instigate a new economy of discernment. It incites by showcasing a host of geologic actants—rivers, shale, escarpments, volcanos, tectonic plates, glaciers, river deltas, riprap, mud, clay—at work around and within human bodies, machines, cities, identi-ties, architectures. Such “activations of geologic materiality”1 help to recompose the default perceptual regime, which had tended to overlook the geologic (except on special occasions) and to forget how thoroughly we ourselves are geo-creatures—Earthlings. We are Earthlings both in the sense that we need a host of other bodies (“the planet”) to live and in the sense that “we” are made of the same elements as is the planet. We are “walking, talking  minerals,”  redistributions  of  “oxygen,  hydrogen,  nitrogen,  carbon,  sulfur,  phospho-rous, and other elements of Earth’s crust into two-legged, upright forms.”2 Like wind or river, human individuals and groups are geologic forces that can alter the planet in countless and, as the concept of the Anthropocene marks, game-changing ways.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Ellsworth and Kruse have curated a powerful collection of words and images, “speculative or aesthetic devices” designed to instigate a new economy of discernment. It incites by showcasing a host of geologic actants—rivers, shale, escarpments, volcanos, tectonic plates, glaciers, river deltas, riprap, mud, clay—at work around and within human bodies, machines, cities, identi-ties, architectures. Such “activations of geologic materiality”1 help to recompose the default perceptual regime, which had tended to overlook the geologic (except on special occasions) and to forget how thoroughly we ourselves are geo-creatures—Earthlings. We are Earthlings both in the sense that we need a host of other bodies (“the planet”) to live and in the sense that “we” are made of the same elements as is the planet. We are “walking, talking  minerals,”  redistributions  of  “oxygen,  hydrogen,  nitrogen,  carbon,  sulfur,  phospho-rous, and other elements of Earth’s crust into two-legged, upright forms.”2 Like wind or river, human individuals and groups are geologic forces that can alter the planet in countless and, as the concept of the Anthropocene marks, game-changing ways.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The belief in the transformative potential of education has long underpinned critical educational theory. But its concerns have also been largely political and economic, using education as the means to achieve a better – or ideal – future state: of equality and social justice. Our concern is not whether such a state can be realized. Rather, the belief in the transformative potential of education leads us to start from the assumption of equality and to attend to what is “educational” about education.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In Manifesto for a Post-Critical Pedagogy we set out five principles that call not for an education as a means to achieve a future state, but rather that make manifest those educational practices that do exist today and that we wish to defend. The Manifesto also acts as a provocation, as the starting point of a conversation about what this means for research, pedagogy, and our relation to our children, each other, and the world.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Manifesto for a Post-Critical Pedagogy invites a shift from a critical pedagogy premised on revealing what is wrong with the world and using education to solve it, to an affirmative stance that acknowledges what is educational in our existing practices. It is focused on what we do and what we can do, if we approach education with love for the world and acknowledge that education is based on hope in the present, rather than on optimism for an eternally deferred future.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The belief in the transformative potential of education has long underpinned critical educational theory. But its concerns have also been largely political and economic, using education as the means to achieve a better – or ideal – future state: of equality and social justice. Our concern is not whether such a state can be realized. Rather, the belief in the transformative potential of education leads us to start from the assumption of equality and to attend to what is “educational” about education.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In Manifesto for a Post-Critical Pedagogy we set out five principles that call not for an education as a means to achieve a future state, but rather that make manifest those educational practices that do exist today and that we wish to defend. The Manifesto also acts as a provocation, as the starting point of a conversation about what this means for research, pedagogy, and our relation to our children, each other, and the world.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Manifesto for a Post-Critical Pedagogy invites a shift from a critical pedagogy premised on revealing what is wrong with the world and using education to solve it, to an affirmative stance that acknowledges what is educational in our existing practices. It is focused on what we do and what we can do, if we approach education with love for the world and acknowledge that education is based on hope in the present, rather than on optimism for an eternally deferred future.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The Manifesto  for  a  Post-Critical  Pedagogy  was  written  in  Sep-tember  2016  and  first  presented  at  Liverpool  Hope  University  on  October  17,  2016.  At  that  launch  event,  we  heard  a  keynote  response from Tyson Lewis and further invited responses from Geert Thyssen and Olga Ververi. From the outset, having made the manifesto available online in open access, we were encour-aged  by  the  enthusiastic  response  and  the  genuine  interest  shown  by  colleagues  internationally.  We  therefore  chose  to  in-vite further responses, to broaden the conversation, but did so specifically  from  early-  to  mid-career  scholars.  Hence,  we  also  include  here  responses  from  Oren  Ergas,  Norm  Friesen,  and  Stefan Ramaekers. When  seeking  a  way  to  publish  the  manifesto  and  the  re-sponses to it, we looked purposefully beyond the usual avenues taken  in  our  field,  for  a  publisher  in  keeping  with  the  ethos  of  the  manifesto  itself.  We  thank  punctum  books  and  Eileen  Joy  and  Vincent  W.J.  van  Gerven  Oei  in  particular  for  the  confi-dence and enthusiasm they have shown in this project.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The Manifesto  for  a  Post-Critical  Pedagogy  was  written  in  Sep-tember  2016  and  first  presented  at  Liverpool  Hope  University  on  October  17,  2016.  At  that  launch  event,  we  heard  a  keynote  response from Tyson Lewis and further invited responses from Geert Thyssen and Olga Ververi. From the outset, having made the manifesto available online in open access, we were encour-aged  by  the  enthusiastic  response  and  the  genuine  interest  shown  by  colleagues  internationally.  We  therefore  chose  to  in-vite further responses, to broaden the conversation, but did so specifically  from  early-  to  mid-career  scholars.  Hence,  we  also  include  here  responses  from  Oren  Ergas,  Norm  Friesen,  and  Stefan Ramaekers. When  seeking  a  way  to  publish  the  manifesto  and  the  re-sponses to it, we looked purposefully beyond the usual avenues taken  in  our  field,  for  a  publisher  in  keeping  with  the  ethos  of  the  manifesto  itself.  We  thank  punctum  books  and  Eileen  Joy  and  Vincent  W.J.  van  Gerven  Oei  in  particular  for  the  confi-dence and enthusiasm they have shown in this project.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Formulating  principles,  in  philosophy  of  education  at  least,  seems  to  hark  back  to  a  form  of  normative,  conceptual  analy-sis  associated  with  Anglophone,  analytic  styles  of  philosophy.  But  poststructuralist  and  postmodernist  philosophy  —  at  least  as they have been taken up in educational theory and in popu-lar  thought  more  generally  —  often  brings  with  it  a  relativism,  which while potentially inclusive, and certainly constitutive to-day of the possibility of individual choice, renders the defence of principles difficult. By stating principles in the form of a mani-festo, we risk accusations of universalising, exclusive normativ-ity. But, it is perhaps time to question the assumption that these are inherently and always negative. Below we set out principles founded  in  the  belief  in  the  possibility  of  transformation,  as  found  in  critical  theory  and  pedagogy,  but  with  an  affirmative  attitude: a post-critical orientation to education that gains pur-chase on our current conditions and that is founded in a hope for what is still to come.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Formulating  principles,  in  philosophy  of  education  at  least,  seems  to  hark  back  to  a  form  of  normative,  conceptual  analy-sis  associated  with  Anglophone,  analytic  styles  of  philosophy.  But  poststructuralist  and  postmodernist  philosophy  —  at  least  as they have been taken up in educational theory and in popu-lar  thought  more  generally  —  often  brings  with  it  a  relativism,  which while potentially inclusive, and certainly constitutive to-day of the possibility of individual choice, renders the defence of principles difficult. By stating principles in the form of a mani-festo, we risk accusations of universalising, exclusive normativ-ity. But, it is perhaps time to question the assumption that these are inherently and always negative. Below we set out principles founded  in  the  belief  in  the  possibility  of  transformation,  as  found  in  critical  theory  and  pedagogy,  but  with  an  affirmative  attitude: a post-critical orientation to education that gains pur-chase on our current conditions and that is founded in a hope for what is still to come.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;First, I would like to thank Hodgson, Vlieghe, and Zamojski for inviting  me  to  this  event  and  for  allowing  me  to  engage  with  their  ideas.  But  I  must  admit  that  I  almost  felt  like  this  was  a  set-up or an ironic gesture. How can I give a critical response to a post-critical manifesto without immediately falling prey to the very problems of critique that the authors identify? If I provide a  critical  analysis,  then  would  my  response  even  be  relevant?  Could I not immediately be dismissed as symptomatic of a fail-ure in educational philosophy to produce affirmative principles? And if the response cannot be critical without falling into a trap, need it simply be an affirmation, meaning a repetition of what has already been said? If this were the case, then I need not con-tinue as my response would be redundant. I can merely pack my bags and head home. Both critique and simple affirmation seem unsatisfactory  at  this  point,  and  would  fail  to  take  up  the  call  for a creative hermeneutic that has to be produced. As such, my only real choice in writing this response is to utilize the princi-ples of post-critique in order to care for post-critique. Such care need  not  simply  be  an  affirmation.  Rather,  it  can  point  to  that  which the authors have failed to care about in their own call to care,  and  thus  can  further  develop  an  underdeveloped  aspect  of their post-critical turn. The resulting paper is my attempt to respond  to  post-critique  by  caring  for  that  which  is  present  in  the author’s statement and yet remains marginal and peripheral: the question of aesthetic form.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;First, I would like to thank Hodgson, Vlieghe, and Zamojski for inviting  me  to  this  event  and  for  allowing  me  to  engage  with  their  ideas.  But  I  must  admit  that  I  almost  felt  like  this  was  a  set-up or an ironic gesture. How can I give a critical response to a post-critical manifesto without immediately falling prey to the very problems of critique that the authors identify? If I provide a  critical  analysis,  then  would  my  response  even  be  relevant?  Could I not immediately be dismissed as symptomatic of a fail-ure in educational philosophy to produce affirmative principles? And if the response cannot be critical without falling into a trap, need it simply be an affirmation, meaning a repetition of what has already been said? If this were the case, then I need not con-tinue as my response would be redundant. I can merely pack my bags and head home. Both critique and simple affirmation seem unsatisfactory  at  this  point,  and  would  fail  to  take  up  the  call  for a creative hermeneutic that has to be produced. As such, my only real choice in writing this response is to utilize the princi-ples of post-critique in order to care for post-critique. Such care need  not  simply  be  an  affirmation.  Rather,  it  can  point  to  that  which the authors have failed to care about in their own call to care,  and  thus  can  further  develop  an  underdeveloped  aspect  of their post-critical turn. The resulting paper is my attempt to respond  to  post-critique  by  caring  for  that  which  is  present  in  the author’s statement and yet remains marginal and peripheral: the question of aesthetic form.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;A novel idea or point of view or perspective always seems prima facie quite appealing and fascinating. Depending on the field or area of interest it is associated with, it fills us with hopes and as-pirations for improvement and effectiveness, for a better present and  future  —  to  put  it  plainly.  “Faith  in  progress”1  is  the  motto  of  modernity;  however,  it  seems  to  remain  deeply  rooted  even  in today’s culture. The “Manifesto for a Post-Critical Pedagogy” aims at exactly this: suggesting a new educational paradigm that promises improvement and progress in educational thought, re-search, and practice. The manifesto has been conceived by phi-losophers  of  education,  however,  it  is  addressed  to  researchers  and academics of all disciplines of education, including sociolo-gists.  The  following  discussion  stems  from  a  sociological  per-spective and aims at examining the manifesto mainly politically and ideologically, but also theoretically and practically.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;A novel idea or point of view or perspective always seems prima facie quite appealing and fascinating. Depending on the field or area of interest it is associated with, it fills us with hopes and as-pirations for improvement and effectiveness, for a better present and  future  —  to  put  it  plainly.  “Faith  in  progress”1  is  the  motto  of  modernity;  however,  it  seems  to  remain  deeply  rooted  even  in today’s culture. The “Manifesto for a Post-Critical Pedagogy” aims at exactly this: suggesting a new educational paradigm that promises improvement and progress in educational thought, re-search, and practice. The manifesto has been conceived by phi-losophers  of  education,  however,  it  is  addressed  to  researchers  and academics of all disciplines of education, including sociolo-gists.  The  following  discussion  stems  from  a  sociological  per-spective and aims at examining the manifesto mainly politically and ideologically, but also theoretically and practically.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Towards a Pedagogical Hermeneutics</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">A Response to the "Manifesto for a Post-Critical Pedagogy"</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Norm Friesen</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>Boise State University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The  manifesto  authored  by  Hodgson,  Vlieghe,  and  Zamoj-ski  outlines  five  principles  for  a  “Post-Critical  Pedagogy.”  The  first principle is that there are indeed principles to defend, and the  second,  that  a  pedagogical  hermeneutics,  rather  than  what  might  be  called  a  critical  “hermeneutics  of  suspicion,”1  is  now  needed in education. Correlatively, the third principle calls for the end of critical pedagogy, and the fourth and fifth principles for a broadly affirmative “hope in the present” and “love for the world.” Rather than seeing pedagogy’s principle task as a critical negation  and  transformation  of  the  world,  Hodgson,  Vlieghe,  and Zamojski call for the affirmation of elements in the present as worthy of being passed on to future generations.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The  manifesto  authored  by  Hodgson,  Vlieghe,  and  Zamoj-ski  outlines  five  principles  for  a  “Post-Critical  Pedagogy.”  The  first principle is that there are indeed principles to defend, and the  second,  that  a  pedagogical  hermeneutics,  rather  than  what  might  be  called  a  critical  “hermeneutics  of  suspicion,”1  is  now  needed in education. Correlatively, the third principle calls for the end of critical pedagogy, and the fourth and fifth principles for a broadly affirmative “hope in the present” and “love for the world.” Rather than seeing pedagogy’s principle task as a critical negation  and  transformation  of  the  world,  Hodgson,  Vlieghe,  and Zamojski call for the affirmation of elements in the present as worthy of being passed on to future generations.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Differences That Might Matter? A Manifesto Diffractively Read</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Geert Thyssen</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>Liverpool John Moores University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;To  write  a  manifesto  is  to  expose  oneself  —  to  make  oneself  vulnerable  to  critique.  In  the  case  of  a  co-authored  piece,  it  is  also to show oneself to one’s co-writers (colleagues and perhaps friends).  Yet,  such  vulnerability,  which  is  moreover  a  vulner-ability  to  one’s  self,  forces  one  to  take  a  close  look  in  the  mir-ror, and this includes those who are invited to deliver a reply as well.  I  find  myself  in  that  fortunate  position.  It  is  indeed  with  much gratitude to, and respect for, Naomi, Joris, and Piotr (and with equal humility) that I offer the following thoughts on their “Manifesto  for  a  Post-Critical  Pedagogy.”  Hastily  assembled  as  they were “then,” and clumsily put on paper as they are “now” to  reflect  the  spirit  of  the  actual  reply,  they  are  theirs  and  the  reader’s to further critique.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;To  write  a  manifesto  is  to  expose  oneself  —  to  make  oneself  vulnerable  to  critique.  In  the  case  of  a  co-authored  piece,  it  is  also to show oneself to one’s co-writers (colleagues and perhaps friends).  Yet,  such  vulnerability,  which  is  moreover  a  vulner-ability  to  one’s  self,  forces  one  to  take  a  close  look  in  the  mir-ror, and this includes those who are invited to deliver a reply as well.  I  find  myself  in  that  fortunate  position.  It  is  indeed  with  much gratitude to, and respect for, Naomi, Joris, and Piotr (and with equal humility) that I offer the following thoughts on their “Manifesto  for  a  Post-Critical  Pedagogy.”  Hastily  assembled  as  they were “then,” and clumsily put on paper as they are “now” to  reflect  the  spirit  of  the  actual  reply,  they  are  theirs  and  the  reader’s to further critique.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Thyssen, Geert</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">The Post-Critical Mind as a Gateway to Embodied Hope and Love for the World</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Oren Ergas</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>Beit Berl College</Affiliation>
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            <Affiliation>Hebrew University of Jerusalem</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Philosophy,  like  science,  can  be  seen  as  an  overarching  term  that  refers  to  diverse  ways  of  posing  and  engaging  with  ques-tions.  The  development  of  these  ways  of  questioning  can  lead  to  growing  expertise  and  depth,  but  it  can  also  create  a  grow-ing fragmentation, expressed in siloed “schools of thought” that fail  to  engage  with  each  other.  When  the  latter  movement  be-comes  too  strong,  there  is  a  risk  that  the  ethos  of  philosophy,  and most of all philosophy of education, will be betrayed, as a “school  of  thought”  might  miss  the  bigger  picture  when  it  be-comes engrossed in its own game. I read Hodgson, Vlieghe, and Zamojski’s manifesto as a diagnosis of this problem within the discourse of critical pedagogy and critical theory. This diagnosis and their call for action have far-reaching implications for edu-cational  theory  and  practice  writ  large.  In  this  response,  I  will  elaborate this claim briefly, and then offer a very brief sketch of my own attempt to heed the call of this manifesto.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Philosophy,  like  science,  can  be  seen  as  an  overarching  term  that  refers  to  diverse  ways  of  posing  and  engaging  with  ques-tions.  The  development  of  these  ways  of  questioning  can  lead  to  growing  expertise  and  depth,  but  it  can  also  create  a  grow-ing fragmentation, expressed in siloed “schools of thought” that fail  to  engage  with  each  other.  When  the  latter  movement  be-comes  too  strong,  there  is  a  risk  that  the  ethos  of  philosophy,  and most of all philosophy of education, will be betrayed, as a “school  of  thought”  might  miss  the  bigger  picture  when  it  be-comes engrossed in its own game. I read Hodgson, Vlieghe, and Zamojski’s manifesto as a diagnosis of this problem within the discourse of critical pedagogy and critical theory. This diagnosis and their call for action have far-reaching implications for edu-cational  theory  and  practice  writ  large.  In  this  response,  I  will  elaborate this claim briefly, and then offer a very brief sketch of my own attempt to heed the call of this manifesto.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Ergas, Oren </PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Love for the World in Education</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Stefan Ramaekers</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Stefan</NamesBeforeKey>
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            <Affiliation>KU Leuven</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In  my  response,  I  will  not  go  into  the  manifesto  as  such,  or  as  a whole. I will limit myself to responding to the authors’ claim that  “[w]hen  we  truly  love  the  world,  our  world,  we  must  be  willing  to  pass  it  on  to  the  new  generation,”  which  is  a  refer-ence  to  (a  short  transcription  of )  Hannah  Arendt’s  (by  now,  I  guess) famous passage where she brings together education and love  for  the  world:  “Education  is  the  point  at  which  we  decide  whether we love the world enough to assume responsibility for it and by the same token save it from that ruin which, except for renewal, except for the coming of the new and young, would be inevitable.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In  my  response,  I  will  not  go  into  the  manifesto  as  such,  or  as  a whole. I will limit myself to responding to the authors’ claim that  “[w]hen  we  truly  love  the  world,  our  world,  we  must  be  willing  to  pass  it  on  to  the  new  generation,”  which  is  a  refer-ence  to  (a  short  transcription  of )  Hannah  Arendt’s  (by  now,  I  guess) famous passage where she brings together education and love  for  the  world:  “Education  is  the  point  at  which  we  decide  whether we love the world enough to assume responsibility for it and by the same token save it from that ruin which, except for renewal, except for the coming of the new and young, would be inevitable.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <PersonName>Ramaekers, Stefan</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Post-Critique</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">A Conversation between Naomi Hodgson, Joris Vlieghe, and Piotr Zamojski</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Joris Vlieghe</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>University of Aberdeen</Affiliation>
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          <PersonName>Piotr Zamojski</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Having read the excellent and thought-provoking responses to our manifesto, we gave a lot of thought to how to respond to and do justice to them. We definitely didn’t want to write separate re-plies for each of them, and we really wanted to keep the conver-sation going between us, the authors of the manifesto, and those who wrote such generous and carefully crafted responses to our text. So, we decided that the three of us would each make some written notes on the replies, which we then shared and took as a starting point for a face-to-face conversation. What follows is a text that is largely based on the transcript of that conversation, but that also draws from our own preliminary notes. The con-versational form naturally entails some repetitions and returns to earlier threads, as well as rough shifts in the flow of the argu-ment, and these are reflected in what follows. Hence, it is not as smooth as a standard academic text. As it was a conversation in which  we  were  discussing  the  responses  of  our  colleagues,  we  refer to them, and to each other, by given (first) names.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Having read the excellent and thought-provoking responses to our manifesto, we gave a lot of thought to how to respond to and do justice to them. We definitely didn’t want to write separate re-plies for each of them, and we really wanted to keep the conver-sation going between us, the authors of the manifesto, and those who wrote such generous and carefully crafted responses to our text. So, we decided that the three of us would each make some written notes on the replies, which we then shared and took as a starting point for a face-to-face conversation. What follows is a text that is largely based on the transcript of that conversation, but that also draws from our own preliminary notes. The con-versational form naturally entails some repetitions and returns to earlier threads, as well as rough shifts in the flow of the argu-ment, and these are reflected in what follows. Hence, it is not as smooth as a standard academic text. As it was a conversation in which  we  were  discussing  the  responses  of  our  colleagues,  we  refer to them, and to each other, by given (first) names.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The belief in the transformative potential of education has long underpinned critical educational theory. But its concerns have also been largely political and economic, using education as the means to achieve a better – or ideal – future state: of equality and social justice. Our concern is not whether such a state can be realized. Rather, the belief in the transformative potential of education leads us to start from the assumption of equality and to attend to what is “educational” about education.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In Manifesto for a Post-Critical Pedagogy we set out five principles that call not for an education as a means to achieve a future state, but rather that make manifest those educational practices that do exist today and that we wish to defend. The Manifesto also acts as a provocation, as the starting point of a conversation about what this means for research, pedagogy, and our relation to our children, each other, and the world.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Manifesto for a Post-Critical Pedagogy invites a shift from a critical pedagogy premised on revealing what is wrong with the world and using education to solve it, to an affirmative stance that acknowledges what is educational in our existing practices. It is focused on what we do and what we can do, if we approach education with love for the world and acknowledge that education is based on hope in the present, rather than on optimism for an eternally deferred future.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The belief in the transformative potential of education has long underpinned critical educational theory. But its concerns have also been largely political and economic, using education as the means to achieve a better – or ideal – future state: of equality and social justice. Our concern is not whether such a state can be realized. Rather, the belief in the transformative potential of education leads us to start from the assumption of equality and to attend to what is “educational” about education.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In Manifesto for a Post-Critical Pedagogy we set out five principles that call not for an education as a means to achieve a future state, but rather that make manifest those educational practices that do exist today and that we wish to defend. The Manifesto also acts as a provocation, as the starting point of a conversation about what this means for research, pedagogy, and our relation to our children, each other, and the world.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Manifesto for a Post-Critical Pedagogy invites a shift from a critical pedagogy premised on revealing what is wrong with the world and using education to solve it, to an affirmative stance that acknowledges what is educational in our existing practices. It is focused on what we do and what we can do, if we approach education with love for the world and acknowledge that education is based on hope in the present, rather than on optimism for an eternally deferred future.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The Manifesto  for  a  Post-Critical  Pedagogy  was  written  in  Sep-tember  2016  and  first  presented  at  Liverpool  Hope  University  on  October  17,  2016.  At  that  launch  event,  we  heard  a  keynote  response from Tyson Lewis and further invited responses from Geert Thyssen and Olga Ververi. From the outset, having made the manifesto available online in open access, we were encour-aged  by  the  enthusiastic  response  and  the  genuine  interest  shown  by  colleagues  internationally.  We  therefore  chose  to  in-vite further responses, to broaden the conversation, but did so specifically  from  early-  to  mid-career  scholars.  Hence,  we  also  include  here  responses  from  Oren  Ergas,  Norm  Friesen,  and  Stefan Ramaekers. When  seeking  a  way  to  publish  the  manifesto  and  the  re-sponses to it, we looked purposefully beyond the usual avenues taken  in  our  field,  for  a  publisher  in  keeping  with  the  ethos  of  the  manifesto  itself.  We  thank  punctum  books  and  Eileen  Joy  and  Vincent  W.J.  van  Gerven  Oei  in  particular  for  the  confi-dence and enthusiasm they have shown in this project.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The Manifesto  for  a  Post-Critical  Pedagogy  was  written  in  Sep-tember  2016  and  first  presented  at  Liverpool  Hope  University  on  October  17,  2016.  At  that  launch  event,  we  heard  a  keynote  response from Tyson Lewis and further invited responses from Geert Thyssen and Olga Ververi. From the outset, having made the manifesto available online in open access, we were encour-aged  by  the  enthusiastic  response  and  the  genuine  interest  shown  by  colleagues  internationally.  We  therefore  chose  to  in-vite further responses, to broaden the conversation, but did so specifically  from  early-  to  mid-career  scholars.  Hence,  we  also  include  here  responses  from  Oren  Ergas,  Norm  Friesen,  and  Stefan Ramaekers. When  seeking  a  way  to  publish  the  manifesto  and  the  re-sponses to it, we looked purposefully beyond the usual avenues taken  in  our  field,  for  a  publisher  in  keeping  with  the  ethos  of  the  manifesto  itself.  We  thank  punctum  books  and  Eileen  Joy  and  Vincent  W.J.  van  Gerven  Oei  in  particular  for  the  confi-dence and enthusiasm they have shown in this project.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Formulating  principles,  in  philosophy  of  education  at  least,  seems  to  hark  back  to  a  form  of  normative,  conceptual  analy-sis  associated  with  Anglophone,  analytic  styles  of  philosophy.  But  poststructuralist  and  postmodernist  philosophy  —  at  least  as they have been taken up in educational theory and in popu-lar  thought  more  generally  —  often  brings  with  it  a  relativism,  which while potentially inclusive, and certainly constitutive to-day of the possibility of individual choice, renders the defence of principles difficult. By stating principles in the form of a mani-festo, we risk accusations of universalising, exclusive normativ-ity. But, it is perhaps time to question the assumption that these are inherently and always negative. Below we set out principles founded  in  the  belief  in  the  possibility  of  transformation,  as  found  in  critical  theory  and  pedagogy,  but  with  an  affirmative  attitude: a post-critical orientation to education that gains pur-chase on our current conditions and that is founded in a hope for what is still to come.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Formulating  principles,  in  philosophy  of  education  at  least,  seems  to  hark  back  to  a  form  of  normative,  conceptual  analy-sis  associated  with  Anglophone,  analytic  styles  of  philosophy.  But  poststructuralist  and  postmodernist  philosophy  —  at  least  as they have been taken up in educational theory and in popu-lar  thought  more  generally  —  often  brings  with  it  a  relativism,  which while potentially inclusive, and certainly constitutive to-day of the possibility of individual choice, renders the defence of principles difficult. By stating principles in the form of a mani-festo, we risk accusations of universalising, exclusive normativ-ity. But, it is perhaps time to question the assumption that these are inherently and always negative. Below we set out principles founded  in  the  belief  in  the  possibility  of  transformation,  as  found  in  critical  theory  and  pedagogy,  but  with  an  affirmative  attitude: a post-critical orientation to education that gains pur-chase on our current conditions and that is founded in a hope for what is still to come.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;First, I would like to thank Hodgson, Vlieghe, and Zamojski for inviting  me  to  this  event  and  for  allowing  me  to  engage  with  their  ideas.  But  I  must  admit  that  I  almost  felt  like  this  was  a  set-up or an ironic gesture. How can I give a critical response to a post-critical manifesto without immediately falling prey to the very problems of critique that the authors identify? If I provide a  critical  analysis,  then  would  my  response  even  be  relevant?  Could I not immediately be dismissed as symptomatic of a fail-ure in educational philosophy to produce affirmative principles? And if the response cannot be critical without falling into a trap, need it simply be an affirmation, meaning a repetition of what has already been said? If this were the case, then I need not con-tinue as my response would be redundant. I can merely pack my bags and head home. Both critique and simple affirmation seem unsatisfactory  at  this  point,  and  would  fail  to  take  up  the  call  for a creative hermeneutic that has to be produced. As such, my only real choice in writing this response is to utilize the princi-ples of post-critique in order to care for post-critique. Such care need  not  simply  be  an  affirmation.  Rather,  it  can  point  to  that  which the authors have failed to care about in their own call to care,  and  thus  can  further  develop  an  underdeveloped  aspect  of their post-critical turn. The resulting paper is my attempt to respond  to  post-critique  by  caring  for  that  which  is  present  in  the author’s statement and yet remains marginal and peripheral: the question of aesthetic form.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;First, I would like to thank Hodgson, Vlieghe, and Zamojski for inviting  me  to  this  event  and  for  allowing  me  to  engage  with  their  ideas.  But  I  must  admit  that  I  almost  felt  like  this  was  a  set-up or an ironic gesture. How can I give a critical response to a post-critical manifesto without immediately falling prey to the very problems of critique that the authors identify? If I provide a  critical  analysis,  then  would  my  response  even  be  relevant?  Could I not immediately be dismissed as symptomatic of a fail-ure in educational philosophy to produce affirmative principles? And if the response cannot be critical without falling into a trap, need it simply be an affirmation, meaning a repetition of what has already been said? If this were the case, then I need not con-tinue as my response would be redundant. I can merely pack my bags and head home. Both critique and simple affirmation seem unsatisfactory  at  this  point,  and  would  fail  to  take  up  the  call  for a creative hermeneutic that has to be produced. As such, my only real choice in writing this response is to utilize the princi-ples of post-critique in order to care for post-critique. Such care need  not  simply  be  an  affirmation.  Rather,  it  can  point  to  that  which the authors have failed to care about in their own call to care,  and  thus  can  further  develop  an  underdeveloped  aspect  of their post-critical turn. The resulting paper is my attempt to respond  to  post-critique  by  caring  for  that  which  is  present  in  the author’s statement and yet remains marginal and peripheral: the question of aesthetic form.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">A Sociologist's Conversation with the "Manifesto for a Post-Critical Pedagogy"</TitleText>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;A novel idea or point of view or perspective always seems prima facie quite appealing and fascinating. Depending on the field or area of interest it is associated with, it fills us with hopes and as-pirations for improvement and effectiveness, for a better present and  future  —  to  put  it  plainly.  “Faith  in  progress”1  is  the  motto  of  modernity;  however,  it  seems  to  remain  deeply  rooted  even  in today’s culture. The “Manifesto for a Post-Critical Pedagogy” aims at exactly this: suggesting a new educational paradigm that promises improvement and progress in educational thought, re-search, and practice. The manifesto has been conceived by phi-losophers  of  education,  however,  it  is  addressed  to  researchers  and academics of all disciplines of education, including sociolo-gists.  The  following  discussion  stems  from  a  sociological  per-spective and aims at examining the manifesto mainly politically and ideologically, but also theoretically and practically.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;A novel idea or point of view or perspective always seems prima facie quite appealing and fascinating. Depending on the field or area of interest it is associated with, it fills us with hopes and as-pirations for improvement and effectiveness, for a better present and  future  —  to  put  it  plainly.  “Faith  in  progress”1  is  the  motto  of  modernity;  however,  it  seems  to  remain  deeply  rooted  even  in today’s culture. The “Manifesto for a Post-Critical Pedagogy” aims at exactly this: suggesting a new educational paradigm that promises improvement and progress in educational thought, re-search, and practice. The manifesto has been conceived by phi-losophers  of  education,  however,  it  is  addressed  to  researchers  and academics of all disciplines of education, including sociolo-gists.  The  following  discussion  stems  from  a  sociological  per-spective and aims at examining the manifesto mainly politically and ideologically, but also theoretically and practically.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Towards a Pedagogical Hermeneutics</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">A Response to the "Manifesto for a Post-Critical Pedagogy"</Subtitle>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The  manifesto  authored  by  Hodgson,  Vlieghe,  and  Zamoj-ski  outlines  five  principles  for  a  “Post-Critical  Pedagogy.”  The  first principle is that there are indeed principles to defend, and the  second,  that  a  pedagogical  hermeneutics,  rather  than  what  might  be  called  a  critical  “hermeneutics  of  suspicion,”1  is  now  needed in education. Correlatively, the third principle calls for the end of critical pedagogy, and the fourth and fifth principles for a broadly affirmative “hope in the present” and “love for the world.” Rather than seeing pedagogy’s principle task as a critical negation  and  transformation  of  the  world,  Hodgson,  Vlieghe,  and Zamojski call for the affirmation of elements in the present as worthy of being passed on to future generations.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The  manifesto  authored  by  Hodgson,  Vlieghe,  and  Zamoj-ski  outlines  five  principles  for  a  “Post-Critical  Pedagogy.”  The  first principle is that there are indeed principles to defend, and the  second,  that  a  pedagogical  hermeneutics,  rather  than  what  might  be  called  a  critical  “hermeneutics  of  suspicion,”1  is  now  needed in education. Correlatively, the third principle calls for the end of critical pedagogy, and the fourth and fifth principles for a broadly affirmative “hope in the present” and “love for the world.” Rather than seeing pedagogy’s principle task as a critical negation  and  transformation  of  the  world,  Hodgson,  Vlieghe,  and Zamojski call for the affirmation of elements in the present as worthy of being passed on to future generations.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Differences That Might Matter? A Manifesto Diffractively Read</TitleText>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;To  write  a  manifesto  is  to  expose  oneself  —  to  make  oneself  vulnerable  to  critique.  In  the  case  of  a  co-authored  piece,  it  is  also to show oneself to one’s co-writers (colleagues and perhaps friends).  Yet,  such  vulnerability,  which  is  moreover  a  vulner-ability  to  one’s  self,  forces  one  to  take  a  close  look  in  the  mir-ror, and this includes those who are invited to deliver a reply as well.  I  find  myself  in  that  fortunate  position.  It  is  indeed  with  much gratitude to, and respect for, Naomi, Joris, and Piotr (and with equal humility) that I offer the following thoughts on their “Manifesto  for  a  Post-Critical  Pedagogy.”  Hastily  assembled  as  they were “then,” and clumsily put on paper as they are “now” to  reflect  the  spirit  of  the  actual  reply,  they  are  theirs  and  the  reader’s to further critique.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;To  write  a  manifesto  is  to  expose  oneself  —  to  make  oneself  vulnerable  to  critique.  In  the  case  of  a  co-authored  piece,  it  is  also to show oneself to one’s co-writers (colleagues and perhaps friends).  Yet,  such  vulnerability,  which  is  moreover  a  vulner-ability  to  one’s  self,  forces  one  to  take  a  close  look  in  the  mir-ror, and this includes those who are invited to deliver a reply as well.  I  find  myself  in  that  fortunate  position.  It  is  indeed  with  much gratitude to, and respect for, Naomi, Joris, and Piotr (and with equal humility) that I offer the following thoughts on their “Manifesto  for  a  Post-Critical  Pedagogy.”  Hastily  assembled  as  they were “then,” and clumsily put on paper as they are “now” to  reflect  the  spirit  of  the  actual  reply,  they  are  theirs  and  the  reader’s to further critique.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Philosophy,  like  science,  can  be  seen  as  an  overarching  term  that  refers  to  diverse  ways  of  posing  and  engaging  with  ques-tions.  The  development  of  these  ways  of  questioning  can  lead  to  growing  expertise  and  depth,  but  it  can  also  create  a  grow-ing fragmentation, expressed in siloed “schools of thought” that fail  to  engage  with  each  other.  When  the  latter  movement  be-comes  too  strong,  there  is  a  risk  that  the  ethos  of  philosophy,  and most of all philosophy of education, will be betrayed, as a “school  of  thought”  might  miss  the  bigger  picture  when  it  be-comes engrossed in its own game. I read Hodgson, Vlieghe, and Zamojski’s manifesto as a diagnosis of this problem within the discourse of critical pedagogy and critical theory. This diagnosis and their call for action have far-reaching implications for edu-cational  theory  and  practice  writ  large.  In  this  response,  I  will  elaborate this claim briefly, and then offer a very brief sketch of my own attempt to heed the call of this manifesto.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Philosophy,  like  science,  can  be  seen  as  an  overarching  term  that  refers  to  diverse  ways  of  posing  and  engaging  with  ques-tions.  The  development  of  these  ways  of  questioning  can  lead  to  growing  expertise  and  depth,  but  it  can  also  create  a  grow-ing fragmentation, expressed in siloed “schools of thought” that fail  to  engage  with  each  other.  When  the  latter  movement  be-comes  too  strong,  there  is  a  risk  that  the  ethos  of  philosophy,  and most of all philosophy of education, will be betrayed, as a “school  of  thought”  might  miss  the  bigger  picture  when  it  be-comes engrossed in its own game. I read Hodgson, Vlieghe, and Zamojski’s manifesto as a diagnosis of this problem within the discourse of critical pedagogy and critical theory. This diagnosis and their call for action have far-reaching implications for edu-cational  theory  and  practice  writ  large.  In  this  response,  I  will  elaborate this claim briefly, and then offer a very brief sketch of my own attempt to heed the call of this manifesto.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In  my  response,  I  will  not  go  into  the  manifesto  as  such,  or  as  a whole. I will limit myself to responding to the authors’ claim that  “[w]hen  we  truly  love  the  world,  our  world,  we  must  be  willing  to  pass  it  on  to  the  new  generation,”  which  is  a  refer-ence  to  (a  short  transcription  of )  Hannah  Arendt’s  (by  now,  I  guess) famous passage where she brings together education and love  for  the  world:  “Education  is  the  point  at  which  we  decide  whether we love the world enough to assume responsibility for it and by the same token save it from that ruin which, except for renewal, except for the coming of the new and young, would be inevitable.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In  my  response,  I  will  not  go  into  the  manifesto  as  such,  or  as  a whole. I will limit myself to responding to the authors’ claim that  “[w]hen  we  truly  love  the  world,  our  world,  we  must  be  willing  to  pass  it  on  to  the  new  generation,”  which  is  a  refer-ence  to  (a  short  transcription  of )  Hannah  Arendt’s  (by  now,  I  guess) famous passage where she brings together education and love  for  the  world:  “Education  is  the  point  at  which  we  decide  whether we love the world enough to assume responsibility for it and by the same token save it from that ruin which, except for renewal, except for the coming of the new and young, would be inevitable.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Post-Critique</TitleText>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Having read the excellent and thought-provoking responses to our manifesto, we gave a lot of thought to how to respond to and do justice to them. We definitely didn’t want to write separate re-plies for each of them, and we really wanted to keep the conver-sation going between us, the authors of the manifesto, and those who wrote such generous and carefully crafted responses to our text. So, we decided that the three of us would each make some written notes on the replies, which we then shared and took as a starting point for a face-to-face conversation. What follows is a text that is largely based on the transcript of that conversation, but that also draws from our own preliminary notes. The con-versational form naturally entails some repetitions and returns to earlier threads, as well as rough shifts in the flow of the argu-ment, and these are reflected in what follows. Hence, it is not as smooth as a standard academic text. As it was a conversation in which  we  were  discussing  the  responses  of  our  colleagues,  we  refer to them, and to each other, by given (first) names.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Having read the excellent and thought-provoking responses to our manifesto, we gave a lot of thought to how to respond to and do justice to them. We definitely didn’t want to write separate re-plies for each of them, and we really wanted to keep the conver-sation going between us, the authors of the manifesto, and those who wrote such generous and carefully crafted responses to our text. So, we decided that the three of us would each make some written notes on the replies, which we then shared and took as a starting point for a face-to-face conversation. What follows is a text that is largely based on the transcript of that conversation, but that also draws from our own preliminary notes. The con-versational form naturally entails some repetitions and returns to earlier threads, as well as rough shifts in the flow of the argu-ment, and these are reflected in what follows. Hence, it is not as smooth as a standard academic text. As it was a conversation in which  we  were  discussing  the  responses  of  our  colleagues,  we  refer to them, and to each other, by given (first) names.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The recent 10,000 year history of climatic stability on Earth that enabled the rise of agriculture and domestication, the growth of cities, numerous technological revolutions, and the emergence of modernity is now over. We accept that in the latest phase of this era, modernity is unmaking the stability that enabled its emergence. Over the 21st century severe and numerous weather disasters, scarcity of key resources, major changes in environments, enormous rates of extinction, and other forces that threaten life are set to increase. But we are deeply worried that current responses to these challenges are focused on market-driven solutions and thus have the potential to further endanger our collective commons. Today public debate is polarized. On one hand we are confronted with the immobilizing effects of knowing “the facts” about climate change. On the other we see a powerful will to ignorance and the effects of a pernicious collaboration between climate change skeptics and industry stakeholders. Clearly, to us, the current crisis calls for new ways of thinking and producing knowledge. Our collective inclination has been to go on in an experimental and exploratory mode, in which we refuse to foreclose on options or jump too quickly to “solutions.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Humanity’s  actions  have  become  a  new  planetary  force  with accelerating effects on the biosphere. This new era, known as the Anthropocene, calls for new ways of thinking and know-ing, and for innovative forms of action. We are a group of concerned social scientists and creative scholars  who  are  moved  to  address  the  unique  qualities  of our  contemporary  world.  In  the  Anthropocene,  we are sum-moned  to  expand  our  understandings  of  ways  to  conjoin nature  and  culture,  economy  and  ecology,  and  natural  and social  sciences.  Already,  thinkers  among  us  are  exploring ways  of  dismantling  traditional  separations.  We  aim  to  fur-ther  and  expand  this  work,  identifying  multiple  pathways toward alternative futures.Research for the Anthropocene must and will harness the creativity of human potential to reduce harm and promote a flourishing biosphere.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In the moist heat of a Sydney February a group of concerned scholars gathered on the banks of the Georges River close to the  University  of  Western  Sydney,  Bankstown.  Amongst  us there were key thinkers from the fields of Anthropology, Ed-ucation,  Human  Geography,  Philosophy,  Science  and  Tech-nology Studies, Sociology, Political Theory, Communications and Film. We gathered to consider an ethics for living in this new era of human driven climate change called the “Anthro-pocene.” We wrote the Manifesto above.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In the moist heat of a Sydney February a group of concerned scholars gathered on the banks of the Georges River close to the  University  of  Western  Sydney,  Bankstown.  Amongst  us there were key thinkers from the fields of Anthropology, Ed-ucation,  Human  Geography,  Philosophy,  Science  and  Tech-nology Studies, Sociology, Political Theory, Communications and Film. We gathered to consider an ethics for living in this new era of human driven climate change called the “Anthro-pocene.” We wrote the Manifesto above.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">The Ecological Humanities</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Deborah Bird Rose</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The  ecological  humanities  is  a  new  interdiscipline  that  has emerged  specifically  to  address  the  fact  that  current  ecologi-cal  problems,  including  extinctions,  climate  change,  toxic death  zones, water  degradation,  and  many  others,  are  an-thropogenic  events.  Acknowledging  the  reality  of  human agency, we are no longer in the position of being able to sus-tain  the  idea  that  humans  are  separate  from  nature.  In  Di-pesh  Chakrabarty’s  (2009)  memorable words,  in  the  wake  of our awareness of anthropogenic climate change, the Western division between human history and natural history has now been breached.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The  ecological  humanities  is  a  new  interdiscipline  that  has emerged  specifically  to  address  the  fact  that  current  ecologi-cal  problems,  including  extinctions,  climate  change,  toxic death  zones, water  degradation,  and  many  others,  are  an-thropogenic  events.  Acknowledging  the  reality  of  human agency, we are no longer in the position of being able to sus-tain  the  idea  that  humans  are  separate  from  nature.  In  Di-pesh  Chakrabarty’s  (2009)  memorable words,  in  the  wake  of our awareness of anthropogenic climate change, the Western division between human history and natural history has now been breached.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Economy as Ecological Livelihood</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>J.K. Gibson-Graham</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>University of Massachusetts Amherst</Affiliation>
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          <PersonName>Ethan Miller</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Can we overcome our hyper-separation from the more-than-human  world  and  take  up  membership  in  a  thoroughly  eco-logical  community  of  life?  While  the  demands  of  “the  econ-omy” are set in opposition to the needs of “the environment”; while the economy is seen as a vulnerable system that cannot accommodate allocations of social wealth to earth-repair and species  protection  without  risking  collapse;  while  the  eco-nomic “we” continues to squander and ignore the gifts of the more-than-human world that gives us life, the answer seems to  be  a  depressing  “No.”  To  answer  “Yes”  we  must  begin  to rethink  and  re-enact  the  relationship  between  economy  and ecology.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Can we overcome our hyper-separation from the more-than-human  world  and  take  up  membership  in  a  thoroughly  eco-logical  community  of  life?  While  the  demands  of  “the  econ-omy” are set in opposition to the needs of “the environment”; while the economy is seen as a vulnerable system that cannot accommodate allocations of social wealth to earth-repair and species  protection  without  risking  collapse;  while  the  eco-nomic “we” continues to squander and ignore the gifts of the more-than-human world that gives us life, the answer seems to  be  a  depressing  “No.”  To  answer  “Yes”  we  must  begin  to rethink  and  re-enact  the  relationship  between  economy  and ecology.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Lives in Connection</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Jessica K. Weir</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Climate  change,  spectacular  in  its  scale  and  force,  is  the  cu-mulative result of intertwined human and non-human agen-cies. It is perhaps the most profound expression of the earth’s agency—the capacity  of  this  world  to  act,  to  show  its  power in  all  our  lives.  The  Anthropocene  throws  us  a  particular challenge  to  acknowledge  those  ecological  connections  that sustain  our  existence.  We  live  within  networks,  webs,  and relationships with non-human (or more-than-human) others, including  plants,  animals,  rivers  and  soils.  We  rely  on  each other  for  food  and  fresh  water.  We  are  co-participants  in what  is  happening  and  what  will  happen  next. In  southeast Australia  where  I  live,  we  are  told  to  expect  hotter tempera-tures  of  longer  duration, and  more  dramatic  rain  events—a combination  that  further  extends  the  variability  of  our  flood and  drought  cycles.  In  this  already  hot  and  arid  country, where  fresh  water  so  clearly  gives  life,  such  changes  will touch all.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Climate  change,  spectacular  in  its  scale  and  force,  is  the  cu-mulative result of intertwined human and non-human agen-cies. It is perhaps the most profound expression of the earth’s agency—the capacity  of  this  world  to  act,  to  show  its  power in  all  our  lives.  The  Anthropocene  throws  us  a  particular challenge  to  acknowledge  those  ecological  connections  that sustain  our  existence.  We  live  within  networks,  webs,  and relationships with non-human (or more-than-human) others, including  plants,  animals,  rivers  and  soils.  We  rely  on  each other  for  food  and  fresh  water.  We  are  co-participants  in what  is  happening  and  what  will  happen  next. In  southeast Australia  where  I  live,  we  are  told  to  expect  hotter tempera-tures  of  longer  duration, and  more  dramatic  rain  events—a combination  that  further  extends  the  variability  of  our  flood and  drought  cycles.  In  this  already  hot  and  arid  country, where  fresh  water  so  clearly  gives  life,  such  changes  will touch all.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Conviviality as an Ethic of Care in the City</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Ruth Fincher</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>University of Melbourne</Affiliation>
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          <PersonName>Kurt Iveson</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>University of Sydney</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;For some, the environmental pressures that have given birth to  the  Anthropocene  are  inextricably  linked  with  two  centu-ries of explosive urbanization. The voracious appetite of mo-dernity is nowhere better illustrated than in our “vortex cities” (McManus  2005),   which  suck  in  food,  water,  and  energy from  elsewhere  in  ways  which  tend  to  mystify  the  connec-tions  between  urbanized  consumption  of  resources  and  the environments  which  support  them.  Likewise,  the  hubris  of modernity  is  also  always  apparent  in  cities,  with  their  infra-structures  designed  to  dominate  rather  than  respond  and adapt to the environment—from the freeways slicing through neighborhoods  and  countryside  to  the  re-engineering  of  riv-ers and harbors. And  yet,  such  accounts  of  cities  are  only  partial.  Even  as they  are  characterized  by  all  sorts  of  environmental  and  so-cial  problems,  cities  have  also  been  fertile  ground  for  collec-tive  experiments  in  generating  new  ethical  practices  of  relat-ing  to  one  another  and  our  environment.  Such  practices  are worth  reflecting  upon,  as  they  constitute  a  vital  resource  for efforts to construct better futures.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;For some, the environmental pressures that have given birth to  the  Anthropocene  are  inextricably  linked  with  two  centu-ries of explosive urbanization. The voracious appetite of mo-dernity is nowhere better illustrated than in our “vortex cities” (McManus  2005),   which  suck  in  food,  water,  and  energy from  elsewhere  in  ways  which  tend  to  mystify  the  connec-tions  between  urbanized  consumption  of  resources  and  the environments  which  support  them.  Likewise,  the  hubris  of modernity  is  also  always  apparent  in  cities,  with  their  infra-structures  designed  to  dominate  rather  than  respond  and adapt to the environment—from the freeways slicing through neighborhoods  and  countryside  to  the  re-engineering  of  riv-ers and harbors. And  yet,  such  accounts  of  cities  are  only  partial.  Even  as they  are  characterized  by  all  sorts  of  environmental  and  so-cial  problems,  cities  have  also  been  fertile  ground  for  collec-tive  experiments  in  generating  new  ethical  practices  of  relat-ing  to  one  another  and  our  environment.  Such  practices  are worth  reflecting  upon,  as  they  constitute  a  vital  resource  for efforts to construct better futures.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Risking Attachment in the Anthropocene</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Lesley Instone</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>University of Newcastle Australia</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The  notion  of  risk  is  now  commonplace.  For  Ulrich  Beck(1992)  who  introduced  the  term  “risk  society”  in  the  early 1990s,   contemporary   ecological   crises   are   not   questions about the destruction of nature, but rather ones of how mod-ern society deals with self-generated uncertainties that are no longer  limited  by  time  or  space.  These  are  dangers  that  es-cape and elide risk, calculation and insurability. In the face of permanent material threats, Beck argues that modern indus-trial  society  normalizes  risk,  and  we  become  blind  to side effects and consequences. Most of the time those of us in de-veloped  countries  carry  on  our  daily  lives  as  if  everything  is insurable,  as  if  we’re  neither  causing  environmental  damage nor being affected by it, a sort of amnesia to the wider impli-cations  of  ordinary  action.  For  example,  where  I  live,  the mining  and  export  of  coal  is  a  commonplace  and  everyday activity. Despite the challenges of climate change, coal trains deposit  their  loads,  in  ever  increasing  quantities,  to  the  port of  Newcastle  (Australia)  to  be  exported  to  power  stations  in China and elsewhere. The ethics of “deplete, destroy, depart” (Grinde  and  Johansen  1995  in  Weir  2009,  119) go  on  in  a way that becomes ordinary, everyday and unremarkable, and the  dangers  of  dust,  environmental  degradation  and  climate change, are in Beck’s terms, normalized.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The  notion  of  risk  is  now  commonplace.  For  Ulrich  Beck(1992)  who  introduced  the  term  “risk  society”  in  the  early 1990s,   contemporary   ecological   crises   are   not   questions about the destruction of nature, but rather ones of how mod-ern society deals with self-generated uncertainties that are no longer  limited  by  time  or  space.  These  are  dangers  that  es-cape and elide risk, calculation and insurability. In the face of permanent material threats, Beck argues that modern indus-trial  society  normalizes  risk,  and  we  become  blind  to side effects and consequences. Most of the time those of us in de-veloped  countries  carry  on  our  daily  lives  as  if  everything  is insurable,  as  if  we’re  neither  causing  environmental  damage nor being affected by it, a sort of amnesia to the wider impli-cations  of  ordinary  action.  For  example,  where  I  live,  the mining  and  export  of  coal  is  a  commonplace  and  everyday activity. Despite the challenges of climate change, coal trains deposit  their  loads,  in  ever  increasing  quantities,  to  the  port of  Newcastle  (Australia)  to  be  exported  to  power  stations  in China and elsewhere. The ethics of “deplete, destroy, depart” (Grinde  and  Johansen  1995  in  Weir  2009,  119) go  on  in  a way that becomes ordinary, everyday and unremarkable, and the  dangers  of  dust,  environmental  degradation  and  climate change, are in Beck’s terms, normalized.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Strategia</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Thinking with or Accommodating the World</Subtitle>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;If  we  want  to  escape  the  grip  of  the  dualistic  categories  that have  disenchanted  and  de-animated  our  world  in  the  West-ern tradition, and thereby rendered it a fit object for domina-tion  and  control,  we  may  require  something  more  than  a purely  discursive  or theoretical  approach  to  reality.  We  may require  a  mode  of  cognition  that  is  cultivated  not  merely through  abstract  “reflection”  but  through  practice—specific forms of strategic practice.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;If  we  want  to  escape  the  grip  of  the  dualistic  categories  that have  disenchanted  and  de-animated  our  world  in  the  West-ern tradition, and thereby rendered it a fit object for domina-tion  and  control,  we  may  require  something  more  than  a purely  discursive  or theoretical  approach  to  reality.  We  may require  a  mode  of  cognition  that  is  cultivated  not  merely through  abstract  “reflection”  but  through  practice—specific forms of strategic practice.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Contact Improvisation</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Dance with the Earth Body You Have</Subtitle>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Contact  Improvisation  is  a  form  of  dance.  As  the  name  sug-gests,  this  is  not  the  kind  of  dance  where  everybody  knows the steps in advance. While its moves are unscripted, Contact Improvisation  also  differs  from  the  semi-solo  style  of  arm-flailing  and  hip-swiveling  in  which  many  of  us  learnt  to  en-gage as teenagers, for its practitioners are required to remain at all times in close proximity to a partner. “Characteristically performed in a duet,” explains Hellene Gronda:Contact  Improvisation  combines  the  freedom  to  move spontaneously  with  an  injunction  to  maintain  a  physical relationship  with  your  partner(s),  usually  through  touch, but  also  through  commitment  to  a  mutual  trajectory based  on  a  shared  centre  of  gravity.  Body  awareness  is fundamental to safe practice of the form because it is like-ly  to  include  falling  and  spatial  disorientation.  It  can  be awkward,  spectacularly  dangerous,  or  breathtaking  and tender.  ...  Contact  Improvisation  is  primarily  practiced in  a  community  activity  called  a Jam.  (  Gronda  2005, 28–29).&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Contact  Improvisation  is  a  form  of  dance.  As  the  name  sug-gests,  this  is  not  the  kind  of  dance  where  everybody  knows the steps in advance. While its moves are unscripted, Contact Improvisation  also  differs  from  the  semi-solo  style  of  arm-flailing  and  hip-swiveling  in  which  many  of  us  learnt  to  en-gage as teenagers, for its practitioners are required to remain at all times in close proximity to a partner. “Characteristically performed in a duet,” explains Hellene Gronda:Contact  Improvisation  combines  the  freedom  to  move spontaneously  with  an  injunction  to  maintain  a  physical relationship  with  your  partner(s),  usually  through  touch, but  also  through  commitment  to  a  mutual  trajectory based  on  a  shared  centre  of  gravity.  Body  awareness  is fundamental to safe practice of the form because it is like-ly  to  include  falling  and  spatial  disorientation.  It  can  be awkward,  spectacularly  dangerous,  or  breathtaking  and tender.  ...  Contact  Improvisation  is  primarily  practiced in  a  community  activity  called  a Jam.  (  Gronda  2005, 28–29).&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Vulture Stories</TitleText>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Vultures  are  never  very  far  from  death,  never  very  far  from the  carcasses  that  they  strip  bare  so  cleanly  and  efficiently. Like  all  of  Earth’s  scavengers,  they  play  a  vital  role  in trans-forming waste and putrefaction into nourishment, creating a safer  environment  for  so  many  other  living  things.  Change and  transformation  are  at  the  heart  of  their  place in  more-than-human communities—death becomes life again. And so, death  is  not  a  bad  thing  in  any  simple  way:  inside  tangled processes  of  multi-species  becoming,  everyone  is  food  for someone else, and nobody, no species, lives forever. And yet, in  some  cases  we  want  to  reject  death,  we  want  to  say  that there has been too much of it, or it has come too soon—again, both  in  the  case  of  individuals  and  of  species.  This  is  a  story about the vultures of India, but it is also an attempt to think through why one  might  tell  stories  in  a  time  of  extinction, what it might mean to make a storied stand for some deaths and not others.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Vultures  are  never  very  far  from  death,  never  very  far  from the  carcasses  that  they  strip  bare  so  cleanly  and  efficiently. Like  all  of  Earth’s  scavengers,  they  play  a  vital  role  in trans-forming waste and putrefaction into nourishment, creating a safer  environment  for  so  many  other  living  things.  Change and  transformation  are  at  the  heart  of  their  place in  more-than-human communities—death becomes life again. And so, death  is  not  a  bad  thing  in  any  simple  way:  inside  tangled processes  of  multi-species  becoming,  everyone  is  food  for someone else, and nobody, no species, lives forever. And yet, in  some  cases  we  want  to  reject  death,  we  want  to  say  that there has been too much of it, or it has come too soon—again, both  in  the  case  of  individuals  and  of  species.  This  is  a  story about the vultures of India, but it is also an attempt to think through why one  might  tell  stories  in  a  time  of  extinction, what it might mean to make a storied stand for some deaths and not others.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Learning to be Affected by Earth Others</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Gerda Roelvink</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Gerda</NamesBeforeKey>
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            <Affiliation>Western Sydney University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;If,  as  Val  Plumwood  (2002)  suggests,  we  can  no  longer  be-have as isolated and masterful human individuals, nations or species, but need to act in accordance with those earth others enabling  our  existence,  what  does  this  mean  for  the  activity of  research?  One  answer  might  be  to  seek  out  those  who  are already  transforming  their  relationships  with  the  more  than human world, to learn about and tell their stories, and to help multiply,  magnify,  legitimate  and  proliferate  their  practices. If  one  looks  for  them,  there  are  many  who  are  engaged  in learning  from  our  climate  changed  earth  in  such  a  way  that they  themselves  are  transformed  and  are  prompted  to  create new  ways  of  living  with  earth  others.  Bruno  Latour (2004b)calls  this  process  that  co-transforms  the  learner  and  the world  “learning  to  be  affected.”  Central  to  learning  to  be  af-fected is a process whereby one becomes sensitized to (affect-ed by) a world that in turn becomes more highly differentiat-ed (see  Latour  2004b;  Gibson-Graham  and  Roelvink  2010).In  this  essay  I  want  to  tentatively  suggest  that  by  connecting with  those  already  affected  by  the  manifestations  of  climate change academic researchers too might learn to be affected.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;If,  as  Val  Plumwood  (2002)  suggests,  we  can  no  longer  be-have as isolated and masterful human individuals, nations or species, but need to act in accordance with those earth others enabling  our  existence,  what  does  this  mean  for  the  activity of  research?  One  answer  might  be  to  seek  out  those  who  are already  transforming  their  relationships  with  the  more  than human world, to learn about and tell their stories, and to help multiply,  magnify,  legitimate  and  proliferate  their  practices. If  one  looks  for  them,  there  are  many  who  are  engaged  in learning  from  our  climate  changed  earth  in  such  a  way  that they  themselves  are  transformed  and  are  prompted  to  create new  ways  of  living  with  earth  others.  Bruno  Latour (2004b)calls  this  process  that  co-transforms  the  learner  and  the world  “learning  to  be  affected.”  Central  to  learning  to  be  af-fected is a process whereby one becomes sensitized to (affect-ed by) a world that in turn becomes more highly differentiat-ed (see  Latour  2004b;  Gibson-Graham  and  Roelvink  2010).In  this  essay  I  want  to  tentatively  suggest  that  by  connecting with  those  already  affected  by  the  manifestations  of  climate change academic researchers too might learn to be affected.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">The Waterhold Project</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Locating Resilience</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>George Main</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The  National  Museum  of  Australia  in  Canberra  records  and interprets  Australian  social,  Aboriginal  and  environmental history.  As  a  curator  and  environmental  historian  employed by  the Museum,  my  role  is  to  foster  understandings  of  hu-man lives within the contexts of dynamic ecological systems. The  National  Museum  is  responsible  for  making  sense  of interactions between people and the rest of nature, and has a significant  role  to  play  in  helping  Australians  grapple  with the meanings of the profound climatic and ecological chang-es that define our time, the Anthropocene. What   historically   and   culturally   determined   ways   of thinking  and  acting  have  generated  anthropogenic  climate change?  What habits  of  thought  and  perception  continue  to block  effective  responses?  Might  we  locate  hopeful  ways  of thinking  and  acting  to  build  social  and  ecological  resilience as  we  enter  an  uncertain  and  difficult  future?  What  under-standings  and  possibilities  emerge  if  we  turn  towards  the local and to the material? These questions underlay The Wa-terhole  Project,  a  research  initiative  that  explores  the  mean-ings of climate change in relation to the ecological and social realities of a particular place called Combaning.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The  National  Museum  of  Australia  in  Canberra  records  and interprets  Australian  social,  Aboriginal  and  environmental history.  As  a  curator  and  environmental  historian  employed by  the Museum,  my  role  is  to  foster  understandings  of  hu-man lives within the contexts of dynamic ecological systems. The  National  Museum  is  responsible  for  making  sense  of interactions between people and the rest of nature, and has a significant  role  to  play  in  helping  Australians  grapple  with the meanings of the profound climatic and ecological chang-es that define our time, the Anthropocene. What   historically   and   culturally   determined   ways   of thinking  and  acting  have  generated  anthropogenic  climate change?  What habits  of  thought  and  perception  continue  to block  effective  responses?  Might  we  locate  hopeful  ways  of thinking  and  acting  to  build  social  and  ecological  resilience as  we  enter  an  uncertain  and  difficult  future?  What  under-standings  and  possibilities  emerge  if  we  turn  towards  the local and to the material? These questions underlay The Wa-terhole  Project,  a  research  initiative  that  explores  the  mean-ings of climate change in relation to the ecological and social realities of a particular place called Combaning.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Food Conect(s)</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Jenny Cameron</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Jenny</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Cameron</KeyNames>
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            <Affiliation>Newcastle University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Much of our food does not taste good—and not just because apples have lost their crunch. The food we eat in the West is produced largely through an industrial model of agriculture. Larger  and larger  farms  produce  more  and  more  of  the  one product,  whether  cattle  or  wheat,  apricots  or  almonds,  or-anges or lemons. In the process, agricultural land is robbed of its  nutrients,  and  animals  and  plants  their  dignity.  But  eve-rywhere  people,  like  Robert  Pekin  from  Food  Connect,  are innovating  with  ways  of  working with  the  land,  animals  and others. At Food Connect, we’re not just modifying, we’re com-pletely  reinventing  the  business  of  how  food  should  be done.  We’re  saying  that  the  old  model  is  obsolete and we have to invent new ones. We have to restore ecologi-cal  biodiversity  back  into  our  farming  landscapes  but we need a marketplace that recognizes and rewards the farmers who do this, and that encourages more farmers to do more of it.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Much of our food does not taste good—and not just because apples have lost their crunch. The food we eat in the West is produced largely through an industrial model of agriculture. Larger  and larger  farms  produce  more  and  more  of  the  one product,  whether  cattle  or  wheat,  apricots  or  almonds,  or-anges or lemons. In the process, agricultural land is robbed of its  nutrients,  and  animals  and  plants  their  dignity.  But  eve-rywhere  people,  like  Robert  Pekin  from  Food  Connect,  are innovating  with  ways  of  working with  the  land,  animals  and others. At Food Connect, we’re not just modifying, we’re com-pletely  reinventing  the  business  of  how  food  should  be done.  We’re  saying  that  the  old  model  is  obsolete and we have to invent new ones. We have to restore ecologi-cal  biodiversity  back  into  our  farming  landscapes  but we need a marketplace that recognizes and rewards the farmers who do this, and that encourages more farmers to do more of it.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Graffiti Is Life</TitleText>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The challenge of living in the Anthropocene is, for the major-ity  of  the  world’s  population,  an  urban  challenge.  Finding ways to connect with each other and our urban environments is  an  essential  task.  Where  might  we  find  examples  of  an “ethics  of  care”  taking  shape  in  our  cities  to  inspire  us  in meeting  this  challenge?  An  inner-city  meatworks  carpark covered  in  graffiti  might  be  the  last  place  we  would  think  to look. But the story of how such a carpark became, for a time, the Graffiti Hall of Fame has plenty to teach us as we seek out new  ways  of  inhabiting  and  caring  for  our  urban  environ-ments.In  the  narratives  of  urban  decline  and  renewal  that  per-meate contemporary urban policy discussions, graffiti writers frequently feature as villains. Graffiti is seen as a form of dirt, decay,  and  destruction,  perpetrated  by  anti-social  vandals who lack respect for the sanctity of property and community.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The challenge of living in the Anthropocene is, for the major-ity  of  the  world’s  population,  an  urban  challenge.  Finding ways to connect with each other and our urban environments is  an  essential  task.  Where  might  we  find  examples  of  an “ethics  of  care”  taking  shape  in  our  cities  to  inspire  us  in meeting  this  challenge?  An  inner-city  meatworks  carpark covered  in  graffiti  might  be  the  last  place  we  would  think  to look. But the story of how such a carpark became, for a time, the Graffiti Hall of Fame has plenty to teach us as we seek out new  ways  of  inhabiting  and  caring  for  our  urban  environ-ments.In  the  narratives  of  urban  decline  and  renewal  that  per-meate contemporary urban policy discussions, graffiti writers frequently feature as villains. Graffiti is seen as a form of dirt, decay,  and  destruction,  perpetrated  by  anti-social  vandals who lack respect for the sanctity of property and community.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Flying Foxes in Sydney</TitleText>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Do  city  dwellers  dream  of  wide  open  spaces  like  rangelands, or  do  they  dream  of  tall  buildings?  Do  their  dreams  entice them  to  look  up  into  the  great,  blue  depths  above  them,  and do flying foxes flit across the night sky of their sleep? Do they ever think: “now, this is a biodiver-city!”?At  least  one  city  dweller,  journalist  James  Woodford, looked up with delight. He wrote: “watching bats silhouetted against  the  stars  is  one  of  the  greatest,  but  little  known, pleasures   of   life” (Woodford 2003).    Actually,   many   city dwellers find pleasure in the fact that their city and their lives are  shared  with  flying  foxes.  Every  night  around  sunset  the flying  foxes  start  their  nightly  flyout. With  their  dark  fur, their  wingspans  of  up  to  one  meter,  and  their  distinctive  bat silhouette,  they  stand  out  against  the  clear  colors  of  an  Aus-tralian  sunset.  They  are  beautiful  wherever  they  are,  but  in Sydney, Australia’s largest and most iconic city, they are fan-tastic!  They  span  out  across  the  Opera  House,  and  over  the Harbour  Bridge.  One  can  sit  at  Circular  Quay,  sipping  a drink  and  watching  the  ferries,  the  bridge,  and  the  lights  of Luna Park flashing across the harbor. Then the motion above begins.  The  gaze  that  has  been  fixed  horizontally  shifts  up-ward to the blizzard of flying foxes, and one feels quite close&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Do  city  dwellers  dream  of  wide  open  spaces  like  rangelands, or  do  they  dream  of  tall  buildings?  Do  their  dreams  entice them  to  look  up  into  the  great,  blue  depths  above  them,  and do flying foxes flit across the night sky of their sleep? Do they ever think: “now, this is a biodiver-city!”?At  least  one  city  dweller,  journalist  James  Woodford, looked up with delight. He wrote: “watching bats silhouetted against  the  stars  is  one  of  the  greatest,  but  little  known, pleasures   of   life” (Woodford 2003).    Actually,   many   city dwellers find pleasure in the fact that their city and their lives are  shared  with  flying  foxes.  Every  night  around  sunset  the flying  foxes  start  their  nightly  flyout. With  their  dark  fur, their  wingspans  of  up  to  one  meter,  and  their  distinctive  bat silhouette,  they  stand  out  against  the  clear  colors  of  an  Aus-tralian  sunset.  They  are  beautiful  wherever  they  are,  but  in Sydney, Australia’s largest and most iconic city, they are fan-tastic!  They  span  out  across  the  Opera  House,  and  over  the Harbour  Bridge.  One  can  sit  at  Circular  Quay,  sipping  a drink  and  watching  the  ferries,  the  bridge,  and  the  lights  of Luna Park flashing across the harbor. Then the motion above begins.  The  gaze  that  has  been  fixed  horizontally  shifts  up-ward to the blizzard of flying foxes, and one feels quite close&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Earth as Ethic</TitleText>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In  this  era  of  climate  change  when  upheavals  of  a  global  na-ture  are  set  to  sweep  the  planet,  the  need  for  global  agree-ments  that  transcend  the  strict  proportionalities  of  national interest  is  greater  than  ever before.  Different  nations  of course have different degrees of vulnerability to environmen-tal disruption and different degrees of economic wherewithal to  mitigate  or  manage  it.  Those  with  the  greatest  economic means happen also, with some exceptions (such as Australia), to  be  those  least  vulnerable,  at  least  in  the  short  to  medium term. As long as self-interest rules the day then, nations with the most to contribute to climate mitigation will tend to hold back  and  international  agreements  will  be  pre-empted or fatally  weakened,  with  dire  consequences  in  the  longer  term for all. This scenario can be avoided only if the commitment un-dertaken  by  all  nations  to  mitigate  and  ultimately  reverse climate  change  is  a  moral  and  not  merely  a  self-interested one.  Nations  need  to  acknowledge  that  de-stabilizing  the planetary  climate  system  is  monumentally  morally  wrong and that we have a moral responsibility to mitigate and repair the damage. But how can such moral agreement be obtained in  a  multicultural  world  of  rampantly  competing  ideologies in which different moral “truths” define different moral con-stituencies?  Is  it  possible  to  imagine  an  international  society morally united in its commitment to the integrity of the bio-sphere?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In  this  era  of  climate  change  when  upheavals  of  a  global  na-ture  are  set  to  sweep  the  planet,  the  need  for  global  agree-ments  that  transcend  the  strict  proportionalities  of  national interest  is  greater  than  ever before.  Different  nations  of course have different degrees of vulnerability to environmen-tal disruption and different degrees of economic wherewithal to  mitigate  or  manage  it.  Those  with  the  greatest  economic means happen also, with some exceptions (such as Australia), to  be  those  least  vulnerable,  at  least  in  the  short  to  medium term. As long as self-interest rules the day then, nations with the most to contribute to climate mitigation will tend to hold back  and  international  agreements  will  be  pre-empted or fatally  weakened,  with  dire  consequences  in  the  longer  term for all. This scenario can be avoided only if the commitment un-dertaken  by  all  nations  to  mitigate  and  ultimately  reverse climate  change  is  a  moral  and  not  merely  a  self-interested one.  Nations  need  to  acknowledge  that  de-stabilizing  the planetary  climate  system  is  monumentally  morally  wrong and that we have a moral responsibility to mitigate and repair the damage. But how can such moral agreement be obtained in  a  multicultural  world  of  rampantly  competing  ideologies in which different moral “truths” define different moral con-stituencies?  Is  it  possible  to  imagine  an  international  society morally united in its commitment to the integrity of the bio-sphere?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">On Experimentation</TitleText>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In  1957,  the  American  scientists  Roger  Revelle  and  Hans Suess  wrote  that,   “human  beings  are  now  carrying  out  a large-scale  geophysical  experiment  of  a  kind  that  could  not have  happened  in  the  past  nor  be  reproduced  in  the  future” (quoted  in  Hulme  and  Mahony  2010,  706).  They  were  of course  talking  about  our  experiment  with  global  industrial development  and the  release  of  millions  of  tons  of  green-house  gases  into  the  atmosphere.  As  we  now  know,  it  is  an experiment   that   is   starting   to   produce   disastrous   conse-quences  on  a  global  scale.  We  have  truly  been  playing  with fire  and  it  is  increasingly  evident  that  we  are  being  burned. As a result many of us are going to have to make major shifts in how we live our lives or, sooner or later, those shifts will be forced on us as the world changes and adapts around us. The future is scarily unknown.  What  role  can  social  research  play  in  coming  to  terms with  a  future  in  which  the  certainties  of  the  past  have  gone and the future lies before us unknown?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In  1957,  the  American  scientists  Roger  Revelle  and  Hans Suess  wrote  that,   “human  beings  are  now  carrying  out  a large-scale  geophysical  experiment  of  a  kind  that  could  not have  happened  in  the  past  nor  be  reproduced  in  the  future” (quoted  in  Hulme  and  Mahony  2010,  706).  They  were  of course  talking  about  our  experiment  with  global  industrial development  and the  release  of  millions  of  tons  of  green-house  gases  into  the  atmosphere.  As  we  now  know,  it  is  an experiment   that   is   starting   to   produce   disastrous   conse-quences  on  a  global  scale.  We  have  truly  been  playing  with fire  and  it  is  increasingly  evident  that  we  are  being  burned. As a result many of us are going to have to make major shifts in how we live our lives or, sooner or later, those shifts will be forced on us as the world changes and adapts around us. The future is scarily unknown.  What  role  can  social  research  play  in  coming  to  terms with  a  future  in  which  the  certainties  of  the  past  have  gone and the future lies before us unknown?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <Affiliation>University of Massachusetts Amherst</Affiliation>
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            <Affiliation>Western Sydney University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;It seems that rats have something to teach us humans at this point  in  the  history  of  our  species,  at  least  that’s  what  I  am hearing. In The End of the Long Summer Dianne Dumanoski tells us that “for most of the human career ... we have shared far more with rats: another species of nimble, flexible gener-alists and remarkable survivors” (Dumanoski 2009, 173). It’s only  in  the  modern  era  of  carboniferous  capitalism,  since most  societies  have  hitched  their fortunes  to  a  fossil-fuel based  growth  strategy,  that  our  species  has  become  less  rat-like—less  nimble,  less  flexible,  more  specialist  and  increas-ingly  less  likely  to  survive  the  changes  we  have  wrought  on our  Earth  system.  The  irony  is  stark—as  the  behavioral  dis-tance between rats and humans grows, so the “more evolved” species becomes increasingly vulnerable to the kinds of envi-ronmental  shocks  that  rats  have  successfully  weathered. Weteeter on the edge of extinction, they are ready to ride out the “end of the long summer.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;It seems that rats have something to teach us humans at this point  in  the  history  of  our  species,  at  least  that’s  what  I  am hearing. In The End of the Long Summer Dianne Dumanoski tells us that “for most of the human career ... we have shared far more with rats: another species of nimble, flexible gener-alists and remarkable survivors” (Dumanoski 2009, 173). It’s only  in  the  modern  era  of  carboniferous  capitalism,  since most  societies  have  hitched  their fortunes  to  a  fossil-fuel based  growth  strategy,  that  our  species  has  become  less  rat-like—less  nimble,  less  flexible,  more  specialist  and  increas-ingly  less  likely  to  survive  the  changes  we  have  wrought  on our  Earth  system.  The  irony  is  stark—as  the  behavioral  dis-tance between rats and humans grows, so the “more evolved” species becomes increasingly vulnerable to the kinds of envi-ronmental  shocks  that  rats  have  successfully  weathered. Weteeter on the edge of extinction, they are ready to ride out the “end of the long summer.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Listening</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Research as an Act of Mindfulness</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Kumi Kato</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>Wakayama University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Listening  is  a  critical  practice  for  allowing  our  senses  to awaken  and  become  receptive  to  Earth  Others (Plumwood’s term,  2002). All  our  senses  are  interrelated,  but  listening  is the practice which has become central to my research. I offer a  personal  account  of  the  creation  of  a  listening  garden,  the centerpiece  of  which  is  the  Japanese  “waterharp” sui-kin-kutsu.  My  specific  example  concerns  my  experience  of  shar-ing  joy,  passion  and  often  outrage  with  a  group  of  people committed  to  a  forest  in  Tasmania.  Many  of  them  are  crea-tive thinkers and activists who work to save the forest and to express their love for the beauty of the place. Our waterharp installation  in  a  forest  in  Tasmania  enabled  us  to  share  and express some of this love and commitment. Before telling the story,  though,  I  need  to  discuss  some  of  the  Japanese  con-cepts  and  aesthetics  which  underlie  my  perceptions  and  in-fluence my waterharp practice.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Listening  is  a  critical  practice  for  allowing  our  senses  to awaken  and  become  receptive  to  Earth  Others (Plumwood’s term,  2002). All  our  senses  are  interrelated,  but  listening  is the practice which has become central to my research. I offer a  personal  account  of  the  creation  of  a  listening  garden,  the centerpiece  of  which  is  the  Japanese  “waterharp” sui-kin-kutsu.  My  specific  example  concerns  my  experience  of  shar-ing  joy,  passion  and  often  outrage  with  a  group  of  people committed  to  a  forest  in  Tasmania.  Many  of  them  are  crea-tive thinkers and activists who work to save the forest and to express their love for the beauty of the place. Our waterharp installation  in  a  forest  in  Tasmania  enabled  us  to  share  and express some of this love and commitment. Before telling the story,  though,  I  need  to  discuss  some  of  the  Japanese  con-cepts  and  aesthetics  which  underlie  my  perceptions  and  in-fluence my waterharp practice.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Deep Mapping Connections to Country</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Margaret Somerville</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Maps both represent and shape the places of our world. The practice  of  deep  mapping  involves  Indigenous  and  non-Indigenous  people  working  together  to  create  processes  by which  to re-imagine  relationships  to  place.  This  practice  be-gan  during  long  term  partnership  research  with  Aboriginal communities in settled Australia in which together we sought ways to represent contemporary Aboriginal place knowledg-es  that  challenge  how  relationships  to  land,  or  the  environ-ment,  are  generally  understood  and  enacted.  The  maps  rep-resent   both   past   relationships   and   contemporary   stories about  how  places  have  come  to  be  as  they  are.  They  re-inscribe stories of deep time, a time when the earth and all its creatures  were  made,  but  a  time  that  exists  in  the  present  as well as the geological past. Each time a story is told or repre-sented  through  deep  mapping  the  deep  time  stories  of  crea-tion are re-enacted. Deep mapping becomes a way that one’s responsibilities  to  care  for  country  continue  into  the  present and can be shared by all who inhabit that place. These maps guide us towards an ethical future of living in the Anthropo-cene.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Maps both represent and shape the places of our world. The practice  of  deep  mapping  involves  Indigenous  and  non-Indigenous  people  working  together  to  create  processes  by which  to re-imagine  relationships  to  place.  This  practice  be-gan  during  long  term  partnership  research  with  Aboriginal communities in settled Australia in which together we sought ways to represent contemporary Aboriginal place knowledg-es  that  challenge  how  relationships  to  land,  or  the  environ-ment,  are  generally  understood  and  enacted.  The  maps  rep-resent   both   past   relationships   and   contemporary   stories about  how  places  have  come  to  be  as  they  are.  They  re-inscribe stories of deep time, a time when the earth and all its creatures  were  made,  but  a  time  that  exists  in  the  present  as well as the geological past. Each time a story is told or repre-sented  through  deep  mapping  the  deep  time  stories  of  crea-tion are re-enacted. Deep mapping becomes a way that one’s responsibilities  to  care  for  country  continue  into  the  present and can be shared by all who inhabit that place. These maps guide us towards an ethical future of living in the Anthropo-cene.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">The Human Condition in the Anthropocene</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Anna Yeatman</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Hannah Arendt is a political philosopher who seems to have anticipated our current moment; one where it seems increas-ingly likely that humanly made processes may undermine the integrity  of the  living  system  that  is  “life  on  earth”  and threaten  its  collapse.  At  the  risk  of  offering  too  potted  a summary of what was a complex series of meditations devel-oped over the course of her career as a political philosopher, I want to suggest the nature of her prescience in regard to what she  called  “the  human  condition”  and  the  human  desire  to reconcile  themselves  to  “reality,  that  is,  try  to  be  at  home  in the world” (Arendt 1994, 308).&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Hannah Arendt is a political philosopher who seems to have anticipated our current moment; one where it seems increas-ingly likely that humanly made processes may undermine the integrity  of the  living  system  that  is  “life  on  earth”  and threaten  its  collapse.  At  the  risk  of  offering  too  potted  a summary of what was a complex series of meditations devel-oped over the course of her career as a political philosopher, I want to suggest the nature of her prescience in regard to what she  called  “the  human  condition”  and  the  human  desire  to reconcile  themselves  to  “reality,  that  is,  try  to  be  at  home  in the world” (Arendt 1994, 308).&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Dialogue</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Deborah Bird Rose</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>University of New South Wales</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The  term  “dialogue”   has  joined  a  class  of  weasel  words  used to pretend that an exchange is taking place when actually the will of one party is being imposed on others. This is a fact to be  resisted,  for  dialogue  is  an  excellent  word  denoting  inter-subjective exchanges of ideas, stories, empathy, imagery, and much  more.  Because  of  its  current  misuse,  the  project  of  re-claiming  the  term  requires  a  clear  analysis  of  monologue. Monologue,  once  it  is  understood,  cannot  be  confused  with dialogue. The distinction rests primarily on the power struc-ture between the parties to the event.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The  term  “dialogue”   has  joined  a  class  of  weasel  words  used to pretend that an exchange is taking place when actually the will of one party is being imposed on others. This is a fact to be  resisted,  for  dialogue  is  an  excellent  word  denoting  inter-subjective exchanges of ideas, stories, empathy, imagery, and much  more.  Because  of  its  current  misuse,  the  project  of  re-claiming  the  term  requires  a  clear  analysis  of  monologue. Monologue,  once  it  is  understood,  cannot  be  confused  with dialogue. The distinction rests primarily on the power struc-ture between the parties to the event.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <PersonName>Rose, Deborah Bird</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Walking as Respectful Wayfinding in an Uncertain Age</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Lesley Instone</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>University of Newcastle Australia</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In  2010  I  made  a  short  trip  to  the  Isle  of  Lewis  in  the  Outer Hebrides. My main impetus was to visit the ancient standing stones  at  Calanais  as  well  as  experience,  however  briefly  and vicariously,  other  worlds,  lives  and  landscapes.  Regardless that  I  had  only  a  couple  of  days  on  the  island,  I  decided  to catch  the  local  bus  and  walk  to  the  sights  rather  than  hire  a car.  I’m  sure  many  readers  have  made  similar  choices  and experienced  the  delights  of  being  on  foot  in  an  unfamiliar place. Instead of the ordinary, regular, enclosed, plastic world of  automobility,  I  was  greeted  by  smells,  animals,  uneven surfaces, twisting paths, sheep, dogs, farmers, wind, sun, and more.  My  intention  is  not  to  romanticize  walking,  nor  to suggest a singular notion of walking. How I walk, what I look at, and my practices of movement and thinking are all shaped by  historically  contingent  cultural  practices  of  looking  and moving  that  are  familiar  to  those  with  a  European  cultural heritage. Acknowledging this is to understand that walking is as cultural as it is embodied, and that there are many ways to walk, many ways of seeing and knowing (Solnit 2000; Ingold 2000;  Amato  2004).  What  I  do  want  to  emphasize  is  the  in-terrelation  between  body,  knowing,  place  and  feeling.  In many  ways  the  random  and  impromptu  qualities  of  walking engender a kind of openness to surprises and chance encoun-ters that provoke affective ways of knowing (Solnit 2000, 11). The  intermeshing  of  movement,  mind,  body,  land/scape, ground  and  atmosphere  transport  us  into  a  realm  of  inex-pressible, ineffable and fleeting relatings, where we know “the world  through  the  body  and  the  body  through  the  world” (Solnit 2000, 29).&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In  2010  I  made  a  short  trip  to  the  Isle  of  Lewis  in  the  Outer Hebrides. My main impetus was to visit the ancient standing stones  at  Calanais  as  well  as  experience,  however  briefly  and vicariously,  other  worlds,  lives  and  landscapes.  Regardless that  I  had  only  a  couple  of  days  on  the  island,  I  decided  to catch  the  local  bus  and  walk  to  the  sights  rather  than  hire  a car.  I’m  sure  many  readers  have  made  similar  choices  and experienced  the  delights  of  being  on  foot  in  an  unfamiliar place. Instead of the ordinary, regular, enclosed, plastic world of  automobility,  I  was  greeted  by  smells,  animals,  uneven surfaces, twisting paths, sheep, dogs, farmers, wind, sun, and more.  My  intention  is  not  to  romanticize  walking,  nor  to suggest a singular notion of walking. How I walk, what I look at, and my practices of movement and thinking are all shaped by  historically  contingent  cultural  practices  of  looking  and moving  that  are  familiar  to  those  with  a  European  cultural heritage. Acknowledging this is to understand that walking is as cultural as it is embodied, and that there are many ways to walk, many ways of seeing and knowing (Solnit 2000; Ingold 2000;  Amato  2004).  What  I  do  want  to  emphasize  is  the  in-terrelation  between  body,  knowing,  place  and  feeling.  In many  ways  the  random  and  impromptu  qualities  of  walking engender a kind of openness to surprises and chance encoun-ters that provoke affective ways of knowing (Solnit 2000, 11). The  intermeshing  of  movement,  mind,  body,  land/scape, ground  and  atmosphere  transport  us  into  a  realm  of  inex-pressible, ineffable and fleeting relatings, where we know “the world  through  the  body  and  the  body  through  the  world” (Solnit 2000, 29).&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The recent 10,000 year history of climatic stability on Earth that enabled the rise of agriculture and domestication, the growth of cities, numerous technological revolutions, and the emergence of modernity is now over. We accept that in the latest phase of this era, modernity is unmaking the stability that enabled its emergence. Over the 21st century severe and numerous weather disasters, scarcity of key resources, major changes in environments, enormous rates of extinction, and other forces that threaten life are set to increase. But we are deeply worried that current responses to these challenges are focused on market-driven solutions and thus have the potential to further endanger our collective commons. Today public debate is polarized. On one hand we are confronted with the immobilizing effects of knowing “the facts” about climate change. On the other we see a powerful will to ignorance and the effects of a pernicious collaboration between climate change skeptics and industry stakeholders. Clearly, to us, the current crisis calls for new ways of thinking and producing knowledge. Our collective inclination has been to go on in an experimental and exploratory mode, in which we refuse to foreclose on options or jump too quickly to “solutions.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Humanity’s  actions  have  become  a  new  planetary  force  with accelerating effects on the biosphere. This new era, known as the Anthropocene, calls for new ways of thinking and know-ing, and for innovative forms of action. We are a group of concerned social scientists and creative scholars  who  are  moved  to  address  the  unique  qualities  of our  contemporary  world.  In  the  Anthropocene,  we are sum-moned  to  expand  our  understandings  of  ways  to  conjoin nature  and  culture,  economy  and  ecology,  and  natural  and social  sciences.  Already,  thinkers  among  us  are  exploring ways  of  dismantling  traditional  separations.  We  aim  to  fur-ther  and  expand  this  work,  identifying  multiple  pathways toward alternative futures.Research for the Anthropocene must and will harness the creativity of human potential to reduce harm and promote a flourishing biosphere.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Humanity’s  actions  have  become  a  new  planetary  force  with accelerating effects on the biosphere. This new era, known as the Anthropocene, calls for new ways of thinking and know-ing, and for innovative forms of action. We are a group of concerned social scientists and creative scholars  who  are  moved  to  address  the  unique  qualities  of our  contemporary  world.  In  the  Anthropocene,  we are sum-moned  to  expand  our  understandings  of  ways  to  conjoin nature  and  culture,  economy  and  ecology,  and  natural  and social  sciences.  Already,  thinkers  among  us  are  exploring ways  of  dismantling  traditional  separations.  We  aim  to  fur-ther  and  expand  this  work,  identifying  multiple  pathways toward alternative futures.Research for the Anthropocene must and will harness the creativity of human potential to reduce harm and promote a flourishing biosphere.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In the moist heat of a Sydney February a group of concerned scholars gathered on the banks of the Georges River close to the  University  of  Western  Sydney,  Bankstown.  Amongst  us there were key thinkers from the fields of Anthropology, Ed-ucation,  Human  Geography,  Philosophy,  Science  and  Tech-nology Studies, Sociology, Political Theory, Communications and Film. We gathered to consider an ethics for living in this new era of human driven climate change called the “Anthro-pocene.” We wrote the Manifesto above.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In the moist heat of a Sydney February a group of concerned scholars gathered on the banks of the Georges River close to the  University  of  Western  Sydney,  Bankstown.  Amongst  us there were key thinkers from the fields of Anthropology, Ed-ucation,  Human  Geography,  Philosophy,  Science  and  Tech-nology Studies, Sociology, Political Theory, Communications and Film. We gathered to consider an ethics for living in this new era of human driven climate change called the “Anthro-pocene.” We wrote the Manifesto above.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">The Ecological Humanities</TitleText>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The  ecological  humanities  is  a  new  interdiscipline  that  has emerged  specifically  to  address  the  fact  that  current  ecologi-cal  problems,  including  extinctions,  climate  change,  toxic death  zones, water  degradation,  and  many  others,  are  an-thropogenic  events.  Acknowledging  the  reality  of  human agency, we are no longer in the position of being able to sus-tain  the  idea  that  humans  are  separate  from  nature.  In  Di-pesh  Chakrabarty’s  (2009)  memorable words,  in  the  wake  of our awareness of anthropogenic climate change, the Western division between human history and natural history has now been breached.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The  ecological  humanities  is  a  new  interdiscipline  that  has emerged  specifically  to  address  the  fact  that  current  ecologi-cal  problems,  including  extinctions,  climate  change,  toxic death  zones, water  degradation,  and  many  others,  are  an-thropogenic  events.  Acknowledging  the  reality  of  human agency, we are no longer in the position of being able to sus-tain  the  idea  that  humans  are  separate  from  nature.  In  Di-pesh  Chakrabarty’s  (2009)  memorable words,  in  the  wake  of our awareness of anthropogenic climate change, the Western division between human history and natural history has now been breached.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Economy as Ecological Livelihood</TitleText>
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            <Affiliation>University of Massachusetts Amherst</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Can we overcome our hyper-separation from the more-than-human  world  and  take  up  membership  in  a  thoroughly  eco-logical  community  of  life?  While  the  demands  of  “the  econ-omy” are set in opposition to the needs of “the environment”; while the economy is seen as a vulnerable system that cannot accommodate allocations of social wealth to earth-repair and species  protection  without  risking  collapse;  while  the  eco-nomic “we” continues to squander and ignore the gifts of the more-than-human world that gives us life, the answer seems to  be  a  depressing  “No.”  To  answer  “Yes”  we  must  begin  to rethink  and  re-enact  the  relationship  between  economy  and ecology.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Can we overcome our hyper-separation from the more-than-human  world  and  take  up  membership  in  a  thoroughly  eco-logical  community  of  life?  While  the  demands  of  “the  econ-omy” are set in opposition to the needs of “the environment”; while the economy is seen as a vulnerable system that cannot accommodate allocations of social wealth to earth-repair and species  protection  without  risking  collapse;  while  the  eco-nomic “we” continues to squander and ignore the gifts of the more-than-human world that gives us life, the answer seems to  be  a  depressing  “No.”  To  answer  “Yes”  we  must  begin  to rethink  and  re-enact  the  relationship  between  economy  and ecology.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Lives in Connection</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Jessica K. Weir</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Climate  change,  spectacular  in  its  scale  and  force,  is  the  cu-mulative result of intertwined human and non-human agen-cies. It is perhaps the most profound expression of the earth’s agency—the capacity  of  this  world  to  act,  to  show  its  power in  all  our  lives.  The  Anthropocene  throws  us  a  particular challenge  to  acknowledge  those  ecological  connections  that sustain  our  existence.  We  live  within  networks,  webs,  and relationships with non-human (or more-than-human) others, including  plants,  animals,  rivers  and  soils.  We  rely  on  each other  for  food  and  fresh  water.  We  are  co-participants  in what  is  happening  and  what  will  happen  next. In  southeast Australia  where  I  live,  we  are  told  to  expect  hotter tempera-tures  of  longer  duration, and  more  dramatic  rain  events—a combination  that  further  extends  the  variability  of  our  flood and  drought  cycles.  In  this  already  hot  and  arid  country, where  fresh  water  so  clearly  gives  life,  such  changes  will touch all.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Climate  change,  spectacular  in  its  scale  and  force,  is  the  cu-mulative result of intertwined human and non-human agen-cies. It is perhaps the most profound expression of the earth’s agency—the capacity  of  this  world  to  act,  to  show  its  power in  all  our  lives.  The  Anthropocene  throws  us  a  particular challenge  to  acknowledge  those  ecological  connections  that sustain  our  existence.  We  live  within  networks,  webs,  and relationships with non-human (or more-than-human) others, including  plants,  animals,  rivers  and  soils.  We  rely  on  each other  for  food  and  fresh  water.  We  are  co-participants  in what  is  happening  and  what  will  happen  next. In  southeast Australia  where  I  live,  we  are  told  to  expect  hotter tempera-tures  of  longer  duration, and  more  dramatic  rain  events—a combination  that  further  extends  the  variability  of  our  flood and  drought  cycles.  In  this  already  hot  and  arid  country, where  fresh  water  so  clearly  gives  life,  such  changes  will touch all.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <PersonName>Kurt Iveson</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;For some, the environmental pressures that have given birth to  the  Anthropocene  are  inextricably  linked  with  two  centu-ries of explosive urbanization. The voracious appetite of mo-dernity is nowhere better illustrated than in our “vortex cities” (McManus  2005),   which  suck  in  food,  water,  and  energy from  elsewhere  in  ways  which  tend  to  mystify  the  connec-tions  between  urbanized  consumption  of  resources  and  the environments  which  support  them.  Likewise,  the  hubris  of modernity  is  also  always  apparent  in  cities,  with  their  infra-structures  designed  to  dominate  rather  than  respond  and adapt to the environment—from the freeways slicing through neighborhoods  and  countryside  to  the  re-engineering  of  riv-ers and harbors. And  yet,  such  accounts  of  cities  are  only  partial.  Even  as they  are  characterized  by  all  sorts  of  environmental  and  so-cial  problems,  cities  have  also  been  fertile  ground  for  collec-tive  experiments  in  generating  new  ethical  practices  of  relat-ing  to  one  another  and  our  environment.  Such  practices  are worth  reflecting  upon,  as  they  constitute  a  vital  resource  for efforts to construct better futures.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;For some, the environmental pressures that have given birth to  the  Anthropocene  are  inextricably  linked  with  two  centu-ries of explosive urbanization. The voracious appetite of mo-dernity is nowhere better illustrated than in our “vortex cities” (McManus  2005),   which  suck  in  food,  water,  and  energy from  elsewhere  in  ways  which  tend  to  mystify  the  connec-tions  between  urbanized  consumption  of  resources  and  the environments  which  support  them.  Likewise,  the  hubris  of modernity  is  also  always  apparent  in  cities,  with  their  infra-structures  designed  to  dominate  rather  than  respond  and adapt to the environment—from the freeways slicing through neighborhoods  and  countryside  to  the  re-engineering  of  riv-ers and harbors. And  yet,  such  accounts  of  cities  are  only  partial.  Even  as they  are  characterized  by  all  sorts  of  environmental  and  so-cial  problems,  cities  have  also  been  fertile  ground  for  collec-tive  experiments  in  generating  new  ethical  practices  of  relat-ing  to  one  another  and  our  environment.  Such  practices  are worth  reflecting  upon,  as  they  constitute  a  vital  resource  for efforts to construct better futures.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Risking Attachment in the Anthropocene</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Lesley Instone</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The  notion  of  risk  is  now  commonplace.  For  Ulrich  Beck(1992)  who  introduced  the  term  “risk  society”  in  the  early 1990s,   contemporary   ecological   crises   are   not   questions about the destruction of nature, but rather ones of how mod-ern society deals with self-generated uncertainties that are no longer  limited  by  time  or  space.  These  are  dangers  that  es-cape and elide risk, calculation and insurability. In the face of permanent material threats, Beck argues that modern indus-trial  society  normalizes  risk,  and  we  become  blind  to side effects and consequences. Most of the time those of us in de-veloped  countries  carry  on  our  daily  lives  as  if  everything  is insurable,  as  if  we’re  neither  causing  environmental  damage nor being affected by it, a sort of amnesia to the wider impli-cations  of  ordinary  action.  For  example,  where  I  live,  the mining  and  export  of  coal  is  a  commonplace  and  everyday activity. Despite the challenges of climate change, coal trains deposit  their  loads,  in  ever  increasing  quantities,  to  the  port of  Newcastle  (Australia)  to  be  exported  to  power  stations  in China and elsewhere. The ethics of “deplete, destroy, depart” (Grinde  and  Johansen  1995  in  Weir  2009,  119) go  on  in  a way that becomes ordinary, everyday and unremarkable, and the  dangers  of  dust,  environmental  degradation  and  climate change, are in Beck’s terms, normalized.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The  notion  of  risk  is  now  commonplace.  For  Ulrich  Beck(1992)  who  introduced  the  term  “risk  society”  in  the  early 1990s,   contemporary   ecological   crises   are   not   questions about the destruction of nature, but rather ones of how mod-ern society deals with self-generated uncertainties that are no longer  limited  by  time  or  space.  These  are  dangers  that  es-cape and elide risk, calculation and insurability. In the face of permanent material threats, Beck argues that modern indus-trial  society  normalizes  risk,  and  we  become  blind  to side effects and consequences. Most of the time those of us in de-veloped  countries  carry  on  our  daily  lives  as  if  everything  is insurable,  as  if  we’re  neither  causing  environmental  damage nor being affected by it, a sort of amnesia to the wider impli-cations  of  ordinary  action.  For  example,  where  I  live,  the mining  and  export  of  coal  is  a  commonplace  and  everyday activity. Despite the challenges of climate change, coal trains deposit  their  loads,  in  ever  increasing  quantities,  to  the  port of  Newcastle  (Australia)  to  be  exported  to  power  stations  in China and elsewhere. The ethics of “deplete, destroy, depart” (Grinde  and  Johansen  1995  in  Weir  2009,  119) go  on  in  a way that becomes ordinary, everyday and unremarkable, and the  dangers  of  dust,  environmental  degradation  and  climate change, are in Beck’s terms, normalized.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Strategia</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Thinking with or Accommodating the World</Subtitle>
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            <Affiliation>La Trobe University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;If  we  want  to  escape  the  grip  of  the  dualistic  categories  that have  disenchanted  and  de-animated  our  world  in  the  West-ern tradition, and thereby rendered it a fit object for domina-tion  and  control,  we  may  require  something  more  than  a purely  discursive  or theoretical  approach  to  reality.  We  may require  a  mode  of  cognition  that  is  cultivated  not  merely through  abstract  “reflection”  but  through  practice—specific forms of strategic practice.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;If  we  want  to  escape  the  grip  of  the  dualistic  categories  that have  disenchanted  and  de-animated  our  world  in  the  West-ern tradition, and thereby rendered it a fit object for domina-tion  and  control,  we  may  require  something  more  than  a purely  discursive  or theoretical  approach  to  reality.  We  may require  a  mode  of  cognition  that  is  cultivated  not  merely through  abstract  “reflection”  but  through  practice—specific forms of strategic practice.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Contact Improvisation</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Dance with the Earth Body You Have</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Kate Rigby</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>Monash University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Contact  Improvisation  is  a  form  of  dance.  As  the  name  sug-gests,  this  is  not  the  kind  of  dance  where  everybody  knows the steps in advance. While its moves are unscripted, Contact Improvisation  also  differs  from  the  semi-solo  style  of  arm-flailing  and  hip-swiveling  in  which  many  of  us  learnt  to  en-gage as teenagers, for its practitioners are required to remain at all times in close proximity to a partner. “Characteristically performed in a duet,” explains Hellene Gronda:Contact  Improvisation  combines  the  freedom  to  move spontaneously  with  an  injunction  to  maintain  a  physical relationship  with  your  partner(s),  usually  through  touch, but  also  through  commitment  to  a  mutual  trajectory based  on  a  shared  centre  of  gravity.  Body  awareness  is fundamental to safe practice of the form because it is like-ly  to  include  falling  and  spatial  disorientation.  It  can  be awkward,  spectacularly  dangerous,  or  breathtaking  and tender.  ...  Contact  Improvisation  is  primarily  practiced in  a  community  activity  called  a Jam.  (  Gronda  2005, 28–29).&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Contact  Improvisation  is  a  form  of  dance.  As  the  name  sug-gests,  this  is  not  the  kind  of  dance  where  everybody  knows the steps in advance. While its moves are unscripted, Contact Improvisation  also  differs  from  the  semi-solo  style  of  arm-flailing  and  hip-swiveling  in  which  many  of  us  learnt  to  en-gage as teenagers, for its practitioners are required to remain at all times in close proximity to a partner. “Characteristically performed in a duet,” explains Hellene Gronda:Contact  Improvisation  combines  the  freedom  to  move spontaneously  with  an  injunction  to  maintain  a  physical relationship  with  your  partner(s),  usually  through  touch, but  also  through  commitment  to  a  mutual  trajectory based  on  a  shared  centre  of  gravity.  Body  awareness  is fundamental to safe practice of the form because it is like-ly  to  include  falling  and  spatial  disorientation.  It  can  be awkward,  spectacularly  dangerous,  or  breathtaking  and tender.  ...  Contact  Improvisation  is  primarily  practiced in  a  community  activity  called  a Jam.  (  Gronda  2005, 28–29).&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Vulture Stories</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Narrative and Conservation</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Thom van Dooren</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Thom</NamesBeforeKey>
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            <Affiliation>University of New South Wales</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Vultures  are  never  very  far  from  death,  never  very  far  from the  carcasses  that  they  strip  bare  so  cleanly  and  efficiently. Like  all  of  Earth’s  scavengers,  they  play  a  vital  role  in trans-forming waste and putrefaction into nourishment, creating a safer  environment  for  so  many  other  living  things.  Change and  transformation  are  at  the  heart  of  their  place in  more-than-human communities—death becomes life again. And so, death  is  not  a  bad  thing  in  any  simple  way:  inside  tangled processes  of  multi-species  becoming,  everyone  is  food  for someone else, and nobody, no species, lives forever. And yet, in  some  cases  we  want  to  reject  death,  we  want  to  say  that there has been too much of it, or it has come too soon—again, both  in  the  case  of  individuals  and  of  species.  This  is  a  story about the vultures of India, but it is also an attempt to think through why one  might  tell  stories  in  a  time  of  extinction, what it might mean to make a storied stand for some deaths and not others.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Vultures  are  never  very  far  from  death,  never  very  far  from the  carcasses  that  they  strip  bare  so  cleanly  and  efficiently. Like  all  of  Earth’s  scavengers,  they  play  a  vital  role  in trans-forming waste and putrefaction into nourishment, creating a safer  environment  for  so  many  other  living  things.  Change and  transformation  are  at  the  heart  of  their  place in  more-than-human communities—death becomes life again. And so, death  is  not  a  bad  thing  in  any  simple  way:  inside  tangled processes  of  multi-species  becoming,  everyone  is  food  for someone else, and nobody, no species, lives forever. And yet, in  some  cases  we  want  to  reject  death,  we  want  to  say  that there has been too much of it, or it has come too soon—again, both  in  the  case  of  individuals  and  of  species.  This  is  a  story about the vultures of India, but it is also an attempt to think through why one  might  tell  stories  in  a  time  of  extinction, what it might mean to make a storied stand for some deaths and not others.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Learning to be Affected by Earth Others</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Gerda Roelvink</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>Western Sydney University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;If,  as  Val  Plumwood  (2002)  suggests,  we  can  no  longer  be-have as isolated and masterful human individuals, nations or species, but need to act in accordance with those earth others enabling  our  existence,  what  does  this  mean  for  the  activity of  research?  One  answer  might  be  to  seek  out  those  who  are already  transforming  their  relationships  with  the  more  than human world, to learn about and tell their stories, and to help multiply,  magnify,  legitimate  and  proliferate  their  practices. If  one  looks  for  them,  there  are  many  who  are  engaged  in learning  from  our  climate  changed  earth  in  such  a  way  that they  themselves  are  transformed  and  are  prompted  to  create new  ways  of  living  with  earth  others.  Bruno  Latour (2004b)calls  this  process  that  co-transforms  the  learner  and  the world  “learning  to  be  affected.”  Central  to  learning  to  be  af-fected is a process whereby one becomes sensitized to (affect-ed by) a world that in turn becomes more highly differentiat-ed (see  Latour  2004b;  Gibson-Graham  and  Roelvink  2010).In  this  essay  I  want  to  tentatively  suggest  that  by  connecting with  those  already  affected  by  the  manifestations  of  climate change academic researchers too might learn to be affected.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;If,  as  Val  Plumwood  (2002)  suggests,  we  can  no  longer  be-have as isolated and masterful human individuals, nations or species, but need to act in accordance with those earth others enabling  our  existence,  what  does  this  mean  for  the  activity of  research?  One  answer  might  be  to  seek  out  those  who  are already  transforming  their  relationships  with  the  more  than human world, to learn about and tell their stories, and to help multiply,  magnify,  legitimate  and  proliferate  their  practices. If  one  looks  for  them,  there  are  many  who  are  engaged  in learning  from  our  climate  changed  earth  in  such  a  way  that they  themselves  are  transformed  and  are  prompted  to  create new  ways  of  living  with  earth  others.  Bruno  Latour (2004b)calls  this  process  that  co-transforms  the  learner  and  the world  “learning  to  be  affected.”  Central  to  learning  to  be  af-fected is a process whereby one becomes sensitized to (affect-ed by) a world that in turn becomes more highly differentiat-ed (see  Latour  2004b;  Gibson-Graham  and  Roelvink  2010).In  this  essay  I  want  to  tentatively  suggest  that  by  connecting with  those  already  affected  by  the  manifestations  of  climate change academic researchers too might learn to be affected.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">The Waterhold Project</TitleText>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The  National  Museum  of  Australia  in  Canberra  records  and interprets  Australian  social,  Aboriginal  and  environmental history.  As  a  curator  and  environmental  historian  employed by  the Museum,  my  role  is  to  foster  understandings  of  hu-man lives within the contexts of dynamic ecological systems. The  National  Museum  is  responsible  for  making  sense  of interactions between people and the rest of nature, and has a significant  role  to  play  in  helping  Australians  grapple  with the meanings of the profound climatic and ecological chang-es that define our time, the Anthropocene. What   historically   and   culturally   determined   ways   of thinking  and  acting  have  generated  anthropogenic  climate change?  What habits  of  thought  and  perception  continue  to block  effective  responses?  Might  we  locate  hopeful  ways  of thinking  and  acting  to  build  social  and  ecological  resilience as  we  enter  an  uncertain  and  difficult  future?  What  under-standings  and  possibilities  emerge  if  we  turn  towards  the local and to the material? These questions underlay The Wa-terhole  Project,  a  research  initiative  that  explores  the  mean-ings of climate change in relation to the ecological and social realities of a particular place called Combaning.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The  National  Museum  of  Australia  in  Canberra  records  and interprets  Australian  social,  Aboriginal  and  environmental history.  As  a  curator  and  environmental  historian  employed by  the Museum,  my  role  is  to  foster  understandings  of  hu-man lives within the contexts of dynamic ecological systems. The  National  Museum  is  responsible  for  making  sense  of interactions between people and the rest of nature, and has a significant  role  to  play  in  helping  Australians  grapple  with the meanings of the profound climatic and ecological chang-es that define our time, the Anthropocene. What   historically   and   culturally   determined   ways   of thinking  and  acting  have  generated  anthropogenic  climate change?  What habits  of  thought  and  perception  continue  to block  effective  responses?  Might  we  locate  hopeful  ways  of thinking  and  acting  to  build  social  and  ecological  resilience as  we  enter  an  uncertain  and  difficult  future?  What  under-standings  and  possibilities  emerge  if  we  turn  towards  the local and to the material? These questions underlay The Wa-terhole  Project,  a  research  initiative  that  explores  the  mean-ings of climate change in relation to the ecological and social realities of a particular place called Combaning.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Food Conect(s)</TitleText>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Much of our food does not taste good—and not just because apples have lost their crunch. The food we eat in the West is produced largely through an industrial model of agriculture. Larger  and larger  farms  produce  more  and  more  of  the  one product,  whether  cattle  or  wheat,  apricots  or  almonds,  or-anges or lemons. In the process, agricultural land is robbed of its  nutrients,  and  animals  and  plants  their  dignity.  But  eve-rywhere  people,  like  Robert  Pekin  from  Food  Connect,  are innovating  with  ways  of  working with  the  land,  animals  and others. At Food Connect, we’re not just modifying, we’re com-pletely  reinventing  the  business  of  how  food  should  be done.  We’re  saying  that  the  old  model  is  obsolete and we have to invent new ones. We have to restore ecologi-cal  biodiversity  back  into  our  farming  landscapes  but we need a marketplace that recognizes and rewards the farmers who do this, and that encourages more farmers to do more of it.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Much of our food does not taste good—and not just because apples have lost their crunch. The food we eat in the West is produced largely through an industrial model of agriculture. Larger  and larger  farms  produce  more  and  more  of  the  one product,  whether  cattle  or  wheat,  apricots  or  almonds,  or-anges or lemons. In the process, agricultural land is robbed of its  nutrients,  and  animals  and  plants  their  dignity.  But  eve-rywhere  people,  like  Robert  Pekin  from  Food  Connect,  are innovating  with  ways  of  working with  the  land,  animals  and others. At Food Connect, we’re not just modifying, we’re com-pletely  reinventing  the  business  of  how  food  should  be done.  We’re  saying  that  the  old  model  is  obsolete and we have to invent new ones. We have to restore ecologi-cal  biodiversity  back  into  our  farming  landscapes  but we need a marketplace that recognizes and rewards the farmers who do this, and that encourages more farmers to do more of it.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Graffiti Is Life</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Kurt Iveson</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The challenge of living in the Anthropocene is, for the major-ity  of  the  world’s  population,  an  urban  challenge.  Finding ways to connect with each other and our urban environments is  an  essential  task.  Where  might  we  find  examples  of  an “ethics  of  care”  taking  shape  in  our  cities  to  inspire  us  in meeting  this  challenge?  An  inner-city  meatworks  carpark covered  in  graffiti  might  be  the  last  place  we  would  think  to look. But the story of how such a carpark became, for a time, the Graffiti Hall of Fame has plenty to teach us as we seek out new  ways  of  inhabiting  and  caring  for  our  urban  environ-ments.In  the  narratives  of  urban  decline  and  renewal  that  per-meate contemporary urban policy discussions, graffiti writers frequently feature as villains. Graffiti is seen as a form of dirt, decay,  and  destruction,  perpetrated  by  anti-social  vandals who lack respect for the sanctity of property and community.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The challenge of living in the Anthropocene is, for the major-ity  of  the  world’s  population,  an  urban  challenge.  Finding ways to connect with each other and our urban environments is  an  essential  task.  Where  might  we  find  examples  of  an “ethics  of  care”  taking  shape  in  our  cities  to  inspire  us  in meeting  this  challenge?  An  inner-city  meatworks  carpark covered  in  graffiti  might  be  the  last  place  we  would  think  to look. But the story of how such a carpark became, for a time, the Graffiti Hall of Fame has plenty to teach us as we seek out new  ways  of  inhabiting  and  caring  for  our  urban  environ-ments.In  the  narratives  of  urban  decline  and  renewal  that  per-meate contemporary urban policy discussions, graffiti writers frequently feature as villains. Graffiti is seen as a form of dirt, decay,  and  destruction,  perpetrated  by  anti-social  vandals who lack respect for the sanctity of property and community.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Flying Foxes in Sydney</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Deborah Bird Rose</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Do  city  dwellers  dream  of  wide  open  spaces  like  rangelands, or  do  they  dream  of  tall  buildings?  Do  their  dreams  entice them  to  look  up  into  the  great,  blue  depths  above  them,  and do flying foxes flit across the night sky of their sleep? Do they ever think: “now, this is a biodiver-city!”?At  least  one  city  dweller,  journalist  James  Woodford, looked up with delight. He wrote: “watching bats silhouetted against  the  stars  is  one  of  the  greatest,  but  little  known, pleasures   of   life” (Woodford 2003).    Actually,   many   city dwellers find pleasure in the fact that their city and their lives are  shared  with  flying  foxes.  Every  night  around  sunset  the flying  foxes  start  their  nightly  flyout. With  their  dark  fur, their  wingspans  of  up  to  one  meter,  and  their  distinctive  bat silhouette,  they  stand  out  against  the  clear  colors  of  an  Aus-tralian  sunset.  They  are  beautiful  wherever  they  are,  but  in Sydney, Australia’s largest and most iconic city, they are fan-tastic!  They  span  out  across  the  Opera  House,  and  over  the Harbour  Bridge.  One  can  sit  at  Circular  Quay,  sipping  a drink  and  watching  the  ferries,  the  bridge,  and  the  lights  of Luna Park flashing across the harbor. Then the motion above begins.  The  gaze  that  has  been  fixed  horizontally  shifts  up-ward to the blizzard of flying foxes, and one feels quite close&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Do  city  dwellers  dream  of  wide  open  spaces  like  rangelands, or  do  they  dream  of  tall  buildings?  Do  their  dreams  entice them  to  look  up  into  the  great,  blue  depths  above  them,  and do flying foxes flit across the night sky of their sleep? Do they ever think: “now, this is a biodiver-city!”?At  least  one  city  dweller,  journalist  James  Woodford, looked up with delight. He wrote: “watching bats silhouetted against  the  stars  is  one  of  the  greatest,  but  little  known, pleasures   of   life” (Woodford 2003).    Actually,   many   city dwellers find pleasure in the fact that their city and their lives are  shared  with  flying  foxes.  Every  night  around  sunset  the flying  foxes  start  their  nightly  flyout. With  their  dark  fur, their  wingspans  of  up  to  one  meter,  and  their  distinctive  bat silhouette,  they  stand  out  against  the  clear  colors  of  an  Aus-tralian  sunset.  They  are  beautiful  wherever  they  are,  but  in Sydney, Australia’s largest and most iconic city, they are fan-tastic!  They  span  out  across  the  Opera  House,  and  over  the Harbour  Bridge.  One  can  sit  at  Circular  Quay,  sipping  a drink  and  watching  the  ferries,  the  bridge,  and  the  lights  of Luna Park flashing across the harbor. Then the motion above begins.  The  gaze  that  has  been  fixed  horizontally  shifts  up-ward to the blizzard of flying foxes, and one feels quite close&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Earth as Ethic</TitleText>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In  this  era  of  climate  change  when  upheavals  of  a  global  na-ture  are  set  to  sweep  the  planet,  the  need  for  global  agree-ments  that  transcend  the  strict  proportionalities  of  national interest  is  greater  than  ever before.  Different  nations  of course have different degrees of vulnerability to environmen-tal disruption and different degrees of economic wherewithal to  mitigate  or  manage  it.  Those  with  the  greatest  economic means happen also, with some exceptions (such as Australia), to  be  those  least  vulnerable,  at  least  in  the  short  to  medium term. As long as self-interest rules the day then, nations with the most to contribute to climate mitigation will tend to hold back  and  international  agreements  will  be  pre-empted or fatally  weakened,  with  dire  consequences  in  the  longer  term for all. This scenario can be avoided only if the commitment un-dertaken  by  all  nations  to  mitigate  and  ultimately  reverse climate  change  is  a  moral  and  not  merely  a  self-interested one.  Nations  need  to  acknowledge  that  de-stabilizing  the planetary  climate  system  is  monumentally  morally  wrong and that we have a moral responsibility to mitigate and repair the damage. But how can such moral agreement be obtained in  a  multicultural  world  of  rampantly  competing  ideologies in which different moral “truths” define different moral con-stituencies?  Is  it  possible  to  imagine  an  international  society morally united in its commitment to the integrity of the bio-sphere?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In  this  era  of  climate  change  when  upheavals  of  a  global  na-ture  are  set  to  sweep  the  planet,  the  need  for  global  agree-ments  that  transcend  the  strict  proportionalities  of  national interest  is  greater  than  ever before.  Different  nations  of course have different degrees of vulnerability to environmen-tal disruption and different degrees of economic wherewithal to  mitigate  or  manage  it.  Those  with  the  greatest  economic means happen also, with some exceptions (such as Australia), to  be  those  least  vulnerable,  at  least  in  the  short  to  medium term. As long as self-interest rules the day then, nations with the most to contribute to climate mitigation will tend to hold back  and  international  agreements  will  be  pre-empted or fatally  weakened,  with  dire  consequences  in  the  longer  term for all. This scenario can be avoided only if the commitment un-dertaken  by  all  nations  to  mitigate  and  ultimately  reverse climate  change  is  a  moral  and  not  merely  a  self-interested one.  Nations  need  to  acknowledge  that  de-stabilizing  the planetary  climate  system  is  monumentally  morally  wrong and that we have a moral responsibility to mitigate and repair the damage. But how can such moral agreement be obtained in  a  multicultural  world  of  rampantly  competing  ideologies in which different moral “truths” define different moral con-stituencies?  Is  it  possible  to  imagine  an  international  society morally united in its commitment to the integrity of the bio-sphere?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">On Experimentation</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Jenny Cameron</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Jenny</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Cameron</KeyNames>
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            <Affiliation>University of Newcastle Australia</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In  1957,  the  American  scientists  Roger  Revelle  and  Hans Suess  wrote  that,   “human  beings  are  now  carrying  out  a large-scale  geophysical  experiment  of  a  kind  that  could  not have  happened  in  the  past  nor  be  reproduced  in  the  future” (quoted  in  Hulme  and  Mahony  2010,  706).  They  were  of course  talking  about  our  experiment  with  global  industrial development  and the  release  of  millions  of  tons  of  green-house  gases  into  the  atmosphere.  As  we  now  know,  it  is  an experiment   that   is   starting   to   produce   disastrous   conse-quences  on  a  global  scale.  We  have  truly  been  playing  with fire  and  it  is  increasingly  evident  that  we  are  being  burned. As a result many of us are going to have to make major shifts in how we live our lives or, sooner or later, those shifts will be forced on us as the world changes and adapts around us. The future is scarily unknown.  What  role  can  social  research  play  in  coming  to  terms with  a  future  in  which  the  certainties  of  the  past  have  gone and the future lies before us unknown?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In  1957,  the  American  scientists  Roger  Revelle  and  Hans Suess  wrote  that,   “human  beings  are  now  carrying  out  a large-scale  geophysical  experiment  of  a  kind  that  could  not have  happened  in  the  past  nor  be  reproduced  in  the  future” (quoted  in  Hulme  and  Mahony  2010,  706).  They  were  of course  talking  about  our  experiment  with  global  industrial development  and the  release  of  millions  of  tons  of  green-house  gases  into  the  atmosphere.  As  we  now  know,  it  is  an experiment   that   is   starting   to   produce   disastrous   conse-quences  on  a  global  scale.  We  have  truly  been  playing  with fire  and  it  is  increasingly  evident  that  we  are  being  burned. As a result many of us are going to have to make major shifts in how we live our lives or, sooner or later, those shifts will be forced on us as the world changes and adapts around us. The future is scarily unknown.  What  role  can  social  research  play  in  coming  to  terms with  a  future  in  which  the  certainties  of  the  past  have  gone and the future lies before us unknown?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <PersonName>Cameron, Jenny</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Reading for Difference</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>J.K. Gibson-Graham</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>University of Massachusetts Amherst</Affiliation>
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            <Affiliation>Western Sydney University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;It seems that rats have something to teach us humans at this point  in  the  history  of  our  species,  at  least  that’s  what  I  am hearing. In The End of the Long Summer Dianne Dumanoski tells us that “for most of the human career ... we have shared far more with rats: another species of nimble, flexible gener-alists and remarkable survivors” (Dumanoski 2009, 173). It’s only  in  the  modern  era  of  carboniferous  capitalism,  since most  societies  have  hitched  their fortunes  to  a  fossil-fuel based  growth  strategy,  that  our  species  has  become  less  rat-like—less  nimble,  less  flexible,  more  specialist  and  increas-ingly  less  likely  to  survive  the  changes  we  have  wrought  on our  Earth  system.  The  irony  is  stark—as  the  behavioral  dis-tance between rats and humans grows, so the “more evolved” species becomes increasingly vulnerable to the kinds of envi-ronmental  shocks  that  rats  have  successfully  weathered. Weteeter on the edge of extinction, they are ready to ride out the “end of the long summer.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;It seems that rats have something to teach us humans at this point  in  the  history  of  our  species,  at  least  that’s  what  I  am hearing. In The End of the Long Summer Dianne Dumanoski tells us that “for most of the human career ... we have shared far more with rats: another species of nimble, flexible gener-alists and remarkable survivors” (Dumanoski 2009, 173). It’s only  in  the  modern  era  of  carboniferous  capitalism,  since most  societies  have  hitched  their fortunes  to  a  fossil-fuel based  growth  strategy,  that  our  species  has  become  less  rat-like—less  nimble,  less  flexible,  more  specialist  and  increas-ingly  less  likely  to  survive  the  changes  we  have  wrought  on our  Earth  system.  The  irony  is  stark—as  the  behavioral  dis-tance between rats and humans grows, so the “more evolved” species becomes increasingly vulnerable to the kinds of envi-ronmental  shocks  that  rats  have  successfully  weathered. Weteeter on the edge of extinction, they are ready to ride out the “end of the long summer.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Listening</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Research as an Act of Mindfulness</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Kumi Kato</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Kumi</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Kato</KeyNames>
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              <AffiliationIDType>40</AffiliationIDType>
              <IDValue>05wr49d48</IDValue>
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            <Affiliation>Wakayama University</Affiliation>
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              <AffiliationIDType>40</AffiliationIDType>
              <IDValue>00rqy9422</IDValue>
            </AffiliationIdentifier>
            <Affiliation>University of Queensland</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Listening  is  a  critical  practice  for  allowing  our  senses  to awaken  and  become  receptive  to  Earth  Others (Plumwood’s term,  2002). All  our  senses  are  interrelated,  but  listening  is the practice which has become central to my research. I offer a  personal  account  of  the  creation  of  a  listening  garden,  the centerpiece  of  which  is  the  Japanese  “waterharp” sui-kin-kutsu.  My  specific  example  concerns  my  experience  of  shar-ing  joy,  passion  and  often  outrage  with  a  group  of  people committed  to  a  forest  in  Tasmania.  Many  of  them  are  crea-tive thinkers and activists who work to save the forest and to express their love for the beauty of the place. Our waterharp installation  in  a  forest  in  Tasmania  enabled  us  to  share  and express some of this love and commitment. Before telling the story,  though,  I  need  to  discuss  some  of  the  Japanese  con-cepts  and  aesthetics  which  underlie  my  perceptions  and  in-fluence my waterharp practice.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Listening  is  a  critical  practice  for  allowing  our  senses  to awaken  and  become  receptive  to  Earth  Others (Plumwood’s term,  2002). All  our  senses  are  interrelated,  but  listening  is the practice which has become central to my research. I offer a  personal  account  of  the  creation  of  a  listening  garden,  the centerpiece  of  which  is  the  Japanese  “waterharp” sui-kin-kutsu.  My  specific  example  concerns  my  experience  of  shar-ing  joy,  passion  and  often  outrage  with  a  group  of  people committed  to  a  forest  in  Tasmania.  Many  of  them  are  crea-tive thinkers and activists who work to save the forest and to express their love for the beauty of the place. Our waterharp installation  in  a  forest  in  Tasmania  enabled  us  to  share  and express some of this love and commitment. Before telling the story,  though,  I  need  to  discuss  some  of  the  Japanese  con-cepts  and  aesthetics  which  underlie  my  perceptions  and  in-fluence my waterharp practice.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Kato, Kumi</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Deep Mapping Connections to Country</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Margaret Somerville</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Margaret</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Somerville</KeyNames>
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            <Affiliation>Western Sydney University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Maps both represent and shape the places of our world. The practice  of  deep  mapping  involves  Indigenous  and  non-Indigenous  people  working  together  to  create  processes  by which  to re-imagine  relationships  to  place.  This  practice  be-gan  during  long  term  partnership  research  with  Aboriginal communities in settled Australia in which together we sought ways to represent contemporary Aboriginal place knowledg-es  that  challenge  how  relationships  to  land,  or  the  environ-ment,  are  generally  understood  and  enacted.  The  maps  rep-resent   both   past   relationships   and   contemporary   stories about  how  places  have  come  to  be  as  they  are.  They  re-inscribe stories of deep time, a time when the earth and all its creatures  were  made,  but  a  time  that  exists  in  the  present  as well as the geological past. Each time a story is told or repre-sented  through  deep  mapping  the  deep  time  stories  of  crea-tion are re-enacted. Deep mapping becomes a way that one’s responsibilities  to  care  for  country  continue  into  the  present and can be shared by all who inhabit that place. These maps guide us towards an ethical future of living in the Anthropo-cene.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Maps both represent and shape the places of our world. The practice  of  deep  mapping  involves  Indigenous  and  non-Indigenous  people  working  together  to  create  processes  by which  to re-imagine  relationships  to  place.  This  practice  be-gan  during  long  term  partnership  research  with  Aboriginal communities in settled Australia in which together we sought ways to represent contemporary Aboriginal place knowledg-es  that  challenge  how  relationships  to  land,  or  the  environ-ment,  are  generally  understood  and  enacted.  The  maps  rep-resent   both   past   relationships   and   contemporary   stories about  how  places  have  come  to  be  as  they  are.  They  re-inscribe stories of deep time, a time when the earth and all its creatures  were  made,  but  a  time  that  exists  in  the  present  as well as the geological past. Each time a story is told or repre-sented  through  deep  mapping  the  deep  time  stories  of  crea-tion are re-enacted. Deep mapping becomes a way that one’s responsibilities  to  care  for  country  continue  into  the  present and can be shared by all who inhabit that place. These maps guide us towards an ethical future of living in the Anthropo-cene.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <PersonName>Somerville, Margaret</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">The Human Condition in the Anthropocene</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Anna Yeatman</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Anna</NamesBeforeKey>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Hannah Arendt is a political philosopher who seems to have anticipated our current moment; one where it seems increas-ingly likely that humanly made processes may undermine the integrity  of the  living  system  that  is  “life  on  earth”  and threaten  its  collapse.  At  the  risk  of  offering  too  potted  a summary of what was a complex series of meditations devel-oped over the course of her career as a political philosopher, I want to suggest the nature of her prescience in regard to what she  called  “the  human  condition”  and  the  human  desire  to reconcile  themselves  to  “reality,  that  is,  try  to  be  at  home  in the world” (Arendt 1994, 308).&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Hannah Arendt is a political philosopher who seems to have anticipated our current moment; one where it seems increas-ingly likely that humanly made processes may undermine the integrity  of the  living  system  that  is  “life  on  earth”  and threaten  its  collapse.  At  the  risk  of  offering  too  potted  a summary of what was a complex series of meditations devel-oped over the course of her career as a political philosopher, I want to suggest the nature of her prescience in regard to what she  called  “the  human  condition”  and  the  human  desire  to reconcile  themselves  to  “reality,  that  is,  try  to  be  at  home  in the world” (Arendt 1994, 308).&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Yeatman, Anna</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Dialogue</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Deborah Bird Rose</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Deborah Bird</NamesBeforeKey>
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            <Affiliation>University of New South Wales</Affiliation>
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            <Affiliation>Academy of the Social Sciences in Australia</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The  term  “dialogue”   has  joined  a  class  of  weasel  words  used to pretend that an exchange is taking place when actually the will of one party is being imposed on others. This is a fact to be  resisted,  for  dialogue  is  an  excellent  word  denoting  inter-subjective exchanges of ideas, stories, empathy, imagery, and much  more.  Because  of  its  current  misuse,  the  project  of  re-claiming  the  term  requires  a  clear  analysis  of  monologue. Monologue,  once  it  is  understood,  cannot  be  confused  with dialogue. The distinction rests primarily on the power struc-ture between the parties to the event.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The  term  “dialogue”   has  joined  a  class  of  weasel  words  used to pretend that an exchange is taking place when actually the will of one party is being imposed on others. This is a fact to be  resisted,  for  dialogue  is  an  excellent  word  denoting  inter-subjective exchanges of ideas, stories, empathy, imagery, and much  more.  Because  of  its  current  misuse,  the  project  of  re-claiming  the  term  requires  a  clear  analysis  of  monologue. Monologue,  once  it  is  understood,  cannot  be  confused  with dialogue. The distinction rests primarily on the power struc-ture between the parties to the event.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In  2010  I  made  a  short  trip  to  the  Isle  of  Lewis  in  the  Outer Hebrides. My main impetus was to visit the ancient standing stones  at  Calanais  as  well  as  experience,  however  briefly  and vicariously,  other  worlds,  lives  and  landscapes.  Regardless that  I  had  only  a  couple  of  days  on  the  island,  I  decided  to catch  the  local  bus  and  walk  to  the  sights  rather  than  hire  a car.  I’m  sure  many  readers  have  made  similar  choices  and experienced  the  delights  of  being  on  foot  in  an  unfamiliar place. Instead of the ordinary, regular, enclosed, plastic world of  automobility,  I  was  greeted  by  smells,  animals,  uneven surfaces, twisting paths, sheep, dogs, farmers, wind, sun, and more.  My  intention  is  not  to  romanticize  walking,  nor  to suggest a singular notion of walking. How I walk, what I look at, and my practices of movement and thinking are all shaped by  historically  contingent  cultural  practices  of  looking  and moving  that  are  familiar  to  those  with  a  European  cultural heritage. Acknowledging this is to understand that walking is as cultural as it is embodied, and that there are many ways to walk, many ways of seeing and knowing (Solnit 2000; Ingold 2000;  Amato  2004).  What  I  do  want  to  emphasize  is  the  in-terrelation  between  body,  knowing,  place  and  feeling.  In many  ways  the  random  and  impromptu  qualities  of  walking engender a kind of openness to surprises and chance encoun-ters that provoke affective ways of knowing (Solnit 2000, 11). The  intermeshing  of  movement,  mind,  body,  land/scape, ground  and  atmosphere  transport  us  into  a  realm  of  inex-pressible, ineffable and fleeting relatings, where we know “the world  through  the  body  and  the  body  through  the  world” (Solnit 2000, 29).&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In  2010  I  made  a  short  trip  to  the  Isle  of  Lewis  in  the  Outer Hebrides. My main impetus was to visit the ancient standing stones  at  Calanais  as  well  as  experience,  however  briefly  and vicariously,  other  worlds,  lives  and  landscapes.  Regardless that  I  had  only  a  couple  of  days  on  the  island,  I  decided  to catch  the  local  bus  and  walk  to  the  sights  rather  than  hire  a car.  I’m  sure  many  readers  have  made  similar  choices  and experienced  the  delights  of  being  on  foot  in  an  unfamiliar place. Instead of the ordinary, regular, enclosed, plastic world of  automobility,  I  was  greeted  by  smells,  animals,  uneven surfaces, twisting paths, sheep, dogs, farmers, wind, sun, and more.  My  intention  is  not  to  romanticize  walking,  nor  to suggest a singular notion of walking. How I walk, what I look at, and my practices of movement and thinking are all shaped by  historically  contingent  cultural  practices  of  looking  and moving  that  are  familiar  to  those  with  a  European  cultural heritage. Acknowledging this is to understand that walking is as cultural as it is embodied, and that there are many ways to walk, many ways of seeing and knowing (Solnit 2000; Ingold 2000;  Amato  2004).  What  I  do  want  to  emphasize  is  the  in-terrelation  between  body,  knowing,  place  and  feeling.  In many  ways  the  random  and  impromptu  qualities  of  walking engender a kind of openness to surprises and chance encoun-ters that provoke affective ways of knowing (Solnit 2000, 11). The  intermeshing  of  movement,  mind,  body,  land/scape, ground  and  atmosphere  transport  us  into  a  realm  of  inex-pressible, ineffable and fleeting relatings, where we know “the world  through  the  body  and  the  body  through  the  world” (Solnit 2000, 29).&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The mask is the classic disguise. But as alter ego, it reveals as much as it conceals. Why are masks so often creepy, even outside of horror movies? Can a mask change expression while you’re wearing it? How much of someone’s self can inhabit a mask? Why would anyone make a plaster cast of a dead person’s face? And, really, who was that masked man? Masks unmasks the answers to these frequently (m)asked questions and more.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Masks are the materials for a world of make-believe, from the theater to Halloween, from masquerades to Scooby-Doo. Masks can take on magic or ritual powers. They can preserve and transmit memory. Masks are a makeover tool for appearance and identity, from spa treatments to drag to superheroes. What all these different functions have in common is the mask as physical metaphor, a mirror of the self and society. In another layer of metaphor, our words for ourselves as individuals (“person”) and for our self-presentation to society (“persona”) both derive directly from the Latin word for mask.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Masks explores one of humanity’s oldest cultural objects, traveling from prehistoric remains to ancient Roman funeral processions to Mardi Gras to masked doppelgangers on stage and screen. Its examination of masks across time and the globe sheds new light on the totemic power masks have developed, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The mask is the classic disguise. But as alter ego, it reveals as much as it conceals. Why are masks so often creepy, even outside of horror movies? Can a mask change expression while you’re wearing it? How much of someone’s self can inhabit a mask? Why would anyone make a plaster cast of a dead person’s face? And, really, who was that masked man? Masks unmasks the answers to these frequently (m)asked questions and more.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Masks are the materials for a world of make-believe, from the theater to Halloween, from masquerades to Scooby-Doo. Masks can take on magic or ritual powers. They can preserve and transmit memory. Masks are a makeover tool for appearance and identity, from spa treatments to drag to superheroes. What all these different functions have in common is the mask as physical metaphor, a mirror of the self and society. In another layer of metaphor, our words for ourselves as individuals (“person”) and for our self-presentation to society (“persona”) both derive directly from the Latin word for mask.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Masks explores one of humanity’s oldest cultural objects, traveling from prehistoric remains to ancient Roman funeral processions to Mardi Gras to masked doppelgangers on stage and screen. Its examination of masks across time and the globe sheds new light on the totemic power masks have developed, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The mask is the classic disguise. But as alter ego, it reveals as much as it conceals. Why are masks so often creepy, even outside of horror movies? Can a mask change expression while you’re wearing it? How much of someone’s self can inhabit a mask? Why would anyone make a plaster cast of a dead person’s face? And, really, who was that masked man? Masks unmasks the answers to these frequently (m)asked questions and more.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Masks are the materials for a world of make-believe, from the theater to Halloween, from masquerades to Scooby-Doo. Masks can take on magic or ritual powers. They can preserve and transmit memory. Masks are a makeover tool for appearance and identity, from spa treatments to drag to superheroes. What all these different functions have in common is the mask as physical metaphor, a mirror of the self and society. In another layer of metaphor, our words for ourselves as individuals (“person”) and for our self-presentation to society (“persona”) both derive directly from the Latin word for mask.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Masks explores one of humanity’s oldest cultural objects, traveling from prehistoric remains to ancient Roman funeral processions to Mardi Gras to masked doppelgangers on stage and screen. Its examination of masks across time and the globe sheds new light on the totemic power masks have developed, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The mask is the classic disguise. But as alter ego, it reveals as much as it conceals. Why are masks so often creepy, even outside of horror movies? Can a mask change expression while you’re wearing it? How much of someone’s self can inhabit a mask? Why would anyone make a plaster cast of a dead person’s face? And, really, who was that masked man? Masks unmasks the answers to these frequently (m)asked questions and more.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Masks are the materials for a world of make-believe, from the theater to Halloween, from masquerades to Scooby-Doo. Masks can take on magic or ritual powers. They can preserve and transmit memory. Masks are a makeover tool for appearance and identity, from spa treatments to drag to superheroes. What all these different functions have in common is the mask as physical metaphor, a mirror of the self and society. In another layer of metaphor, our words for ourselves as individuals (“person”) and for our self-presentation to society (“persona”) both derive directly from the Latin word for mask.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Masks explores one of humanity’s oldest cultural objects, traveling from prehistoric remains to ancient Roman funeral processions to Mardi Gras to masked doppelgangers on stage and screen. Its examination of masks across time and the globe sheds new light on the totemic power masks have developed, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Part III provides is a critical history of (movement) philosophies, exposing the rise of the mechanistic vision as dominant anomaly emerging from a variety of other older proposals which have continued to exist in the background, returning more strongly since the 19th century, while exposing the limitations of recent attempts to free movement from the metaphysical tradition, which the book associates to the rise of human supremacism and its associated mass extinction cycle. The book proposes that movement is the core hidden motif of philosophy and diagnoses philosophies following a metaphilosophical and metaformative methodology that considers the perceptual–kinetic frames and biases underlying them. It is both a sketch for future expansion and an appendix to the previous two volumes, which grounds RMP in a critical revision of the literature, exposing the differences, while undoing some errors, and rescuing philosophies like that of many Presocratics from the misreading stemming from Aristotle. Hereby a shift from philosophia to philokinesia is proposed, toward a thinking of the body in motion, reversing philosophy from a tool of human supremacism to an undoing of it and a regeneration of movement diversification – and with it life – in the Biosphere.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Part III provides is a critical history of (movement) philosophies, exposing the rise of the mechanistic vision as dominant anomaly emerging from a variety of other older proposals which have continued to exist in the background, returning more strongly since the 19th century, while exposing the limitations of recent attempts to free movement from the metaphysical tradition, which the book associates to the rise of human supremacism and its associated mass extinction cycle. The book proposes that movement is the core hidden motif of philosophy and diagnoses philosophies following a metaphilosophical and metaformative methodology that considers the perceptual–kinetic frames and biases underlying them. It is both a sketch for future expansion and an appendix to the previous two volumes, which grounds RMP in a critical revision of the literature, exposing the differences, while undoing some errors, and rescuing philosophies like that of many Presocratics from the misreading stemming from Aristotle. Hereby a shift from philosophia to philokinesia is proposed, toward a thinking of the body in motion, reversing philosophy from a tool of human supremacism to an undoing of it and a regeneration of movement diversification – and with it life – in the Biosphere.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Jaym*/Jaime del Val (or Jay Val, or Valjayk) is an artist-philosopher-activist, ontohacker-metaformer, and promoter of Metabody and Reverso. Since 2001, Del Val has been developing transdisciplinary projects at the fluid nexus of the convergence of the arts (performance, dance, media arts, visual arts, music, architecture), old and new technologies, and philosophy and activism. These projects have been presented in more than thirty countries on four continents, in many prestigious institutions (universities, festivals, museums), as well as in streets, refugee camps, squats, and jungles. A referent in postqueer metahumanism, Del Val has published over 120 essays, edited several journals, and organized over sixty international forums and conferences. As a queer and environmental activist, Del Val has led international initiatives. As a musician, they have recorded thirteen albums, and have also exhibited work as a visual artist. Del Val is neurodiverse, mestiza, non-binary microsexual, vegan, and trans-species, neither human nor cyborg, neither man nor woman, and is not on Facebook. After years traveling and living in cities, Del Val is now partly retiring with hir trans-species family to rural environments and nomadic living, developing technēs for Planetary Health, in preparation for becoming a naked gatherer in a forest, dancing until death arrives.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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        <SubjectHeadingText>algorithms; chaosmology; metaformance; metabodies; metahumanism; planetary holocaust; proprioceptive swarm; radical movement philosophy; trash-humanism; veganism</SubjectHeadingText>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Ontohackers redefines what movement, worlds, and bodies are through the sense of proprioception reconceptualized as formless fluctuation field, a movement matrix that is itself also thought, and which underlies all life forms and fields, including the inorganic. Our worlds are made of endless such entangled fields n-folding in neverending variation or enferance. The current planetary crisis has emerged due to an accidental evolutionary alignment, narrowing, and impoverishment of that matrix’s indeterminacy, that appeared gradually and eventually with bipedalism, and which created an imbalance between the larger proprioceptive field and its brain, and made the atrophied body extend itself technically in geometric fields gradually covering the planet, along with its fears, with disastrous consequences that are unleashing an unprecedented type of mass extinction and species suicide.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The reply to this crisis – which is urgently due if we are to reduce even slightly the collapse coming up over the next decades – is in recovering a lost sensorimotor plasticity which is also cognitive, affective, and relational plasticity, through developing movement technes for cultivating Body Intelligence (BI), reversing and taking elsewhere the failed evolution culminating in AI, stepping down from humanist supremacist pedestals, undoing our dependency upon unsustainable killing machines of sedentary consumerism that impoverish experience, stopping the reproduction of a species that has become plague (by reversing heteronormative reproductive dogmas till we reach preagricultural population levels), and recovering the joys of moving with the world, in symbiotic mutation, towards unprecedented evolutionary variations: this is our cosmic responsibility for all life on Earth.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The book’s structure expresses Enferance Theory with regard to how processes of becoming have a triple movement: an incipiency unfolding the field (Part I), a condensation-expansion where the field acquires full consistency (Part II), and a resonance or memory of the field relating to other fields (Part III).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Part II, subtitled R/evolution Technologies, includes Books 4, 5, and 6 and is by far the longest volume, elaborating in depth the book’s proposals in a triple movement. It first exposes the technologies of variation in nature (Book 4), followed by the technologies of reduction in the Algoricene (Book 5), and finally the possibilities for overcoming the reductive fold (Book 6). Book 4 proposes a swarming chaosmology as theory of orgiastic evolution, culminating in the concept of metabiosis: life as indeterminate, symbiotic mutation. Book 5 diagnoses the regimes that have formatted movement and presents the theory of the Algoricene, or Age of Extinctions and Algorithms. It exposes a kinetic ontology, genealogy, and dynamics of power. An interlude discusses post-, trans-, and metahumanism, and a second part of the book unfolds a radical critique of the Planetary Holocaust. Book 6 unfolds metaformance aesthetics and metahuman politics, including the theory of metaformativity, the ontohacking pragmatics, and a choral Dionysian ontology, where the author also discusses at length hir own techniques and art projects, involving a radical challenge to human supremacism to face the extinction challenge now threatening all life on Earth, toward an Earth liberation and regeneration.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Ontohackers redefines what movement, worlds, and bodies are through the sense of proprioception reconceptualized as formless fluctuation field, a movement matrix that is itself also thought, and which underlies all life forms and fields, including the inorganic. Our worlds are made of endless such entangled fields n-folding in neverending variation or enferance. The current planetary crisis has emerged due to an accidental evolutionary alignment, narrowing, and impoverishment of that matrix’s indeterminacy, that appeared gradually and eventually with bipedalism, and which created an imbalance between the larger proprioceptive field and its brain, and made the atrophied body extend itself technically in geometric fields gradually covering the planet, along with its fears, with disastrous consequences that are unleashing an unprecedented type of mass extinction and species suicide.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The reply to this crisis – which is urgently due if we are to reduce even slightly the collapse coming up over the next decades – is in recovering a lost sensorimotor plasticity which is also cognitive, affective, and relational plasticity, through developing movement technes for cultivating Body Intelligence (BI), reversing and taking elsewhere the failed evolution culminating in AI, stepping down from humanist supremacist pedestals, undoing our dependency upon unsustainable killing machines of sedentary consumerism that impoverish experience, stopping the reproduction of a species that has become plague (by reversing heteronormative reproductive dogmas till we reach preagricultural population levels), and recovering the joys of moving with the world, in symbiotic mutation, towards unprecedented evolutionary variations: this is our cosmic responsibility for all life on Earth.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The book’s structure expresses Enferance Theory with regard to how processes of becoming have a triple movement: an incipiency unfolding the field (Part I), a condensation-expansion where the field acquires full consistency (Part II), and a resonance or memory of the field relating to other fields (Part III).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Part II, subtitled R/evolution Technologies, includes Books 4, 5, and 6 and is by far the longest volume, elaborating in depth the book’s proposals in a triple movement. It first exposes the technologies of variation in nature (Book 4), followed by the technologies of reduction in the Algoricene (Book 5), and finally the possibilities for overcoming the reductive fold (Book 6). Book 4 proposes a swarming chaosmology as theory of orgiastic evolution, culminating in the concept of metabiosis: life as indeterminate, symbiotic mutation. Book 5 diagnoses the regimes that have formatted movement and presents the theory of the Algoricene, or Age of Extinctions and Algorithms. It exposes a kinetic ontology, genealogy, and dynamics of power. An interlude discusses post-, trans-, and metahumanism, and a second part of the book unfolds a radical critique of the Planetary Holocaust. Book 6 unfolds metaformance aesthetics and metahuman politics, including the theory of metaformativity, the ontohacking pragmatics, and a choral Dionysian ontology, where the author also discusses at length hir own techniques and art projects, involving a radical challenge to human supremacism to face the extinction challenge now threatening all life on Earth, toward an Earth liberation and regeneration.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Jaym*/Jaime del Val (or Jay Val, or Valjayk) is an artist-philosopher-activist, ontohacker-metaformer, and promoter of Metabody and Reverso. Since 2001, Del Val has been developing transdisciplinary projects at the fluid nexus of the convergence of the arts (performance, dance, media arts, visual arts, music, architecture), old and new technologies, and philosophy and activism. These projects have been presented in more than thirty countries on four continents, in many prestigious institutions (universities, festivals, museums), as well as in streets, refugee camps, squats, and jungles. A referent in postqueer metahumanism, Del Val has published over 120 essays, edited several journals, and organized over sixty international forums and conferences. As a queer and environmental activist, Del Val has led international initiatives. As a musician, they have recorded thirteen albums, and have also exhibited work as a visual artist. Del Val is neurodiverse, mestiza, non-binary microsexual, vegan, and trans-species, neither human nor cyborg, neither man nor woman, and is not on Facebook. After years traveling and living in cities, Del Val is now partly retiring with hir trans-species family to rural environments and nomadic living, developing technēs for Planetary Health, in preparation for becoming a naked gatherer in a forest, dancing until death arrives.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Ontohackers redefines what movement, worlds, and bodies are through the sense of proprioception reconceptualized as formless fluctuation field, a movement matrix that is itself also thought, and which underlies all life forms and fields, including the inorganic. Our worlds are made of endless such entangled fields n-folding in neverending variation or enferance. The current planetary crisis has emerged due to an accidental evolutionary alignment, narrowing, and impoverishment of that matrix’s indeterminacy, that appeared gradually and eventually with bipedalism, and which created an imbalance between the larger proprioceptive field and its brain, and made the atrophied body extend itself technically in geometric fields gradually covering the planet, along with its fears, with disastrous consequences that are unleashing an unprecedented type of mass extinction and species suicide.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The reply to this crisis – which is urgently due if we are to reduce even slightly the collapse coming up over the next decades – is in recovering a lost sensorimotor plasticity which is also cognitive, affective, and relational plasticity, through developing movement technes for cultivating Body Intelligence (BI), reversing and taking elsewhere the failed evolution culminating in AI, stepping down from humanist supremacist pedestals, undoing our dependency upon unsustainable killing machines of sedentary consumerism that impoverish experience, stopping the reproduction of a species that has become plague (by reversing heteronormative reproductive dogmas till we reach preagricultural population levels), and recovering the joys of moving with the world, in symbiotic mutation, towards unprecedented evolutionary variations: this is our cosmic responsibility for all life on Earth.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The book’s structure expresses Enferance Theory with regard to how processes of becoming have a triple movement: an incipiency unfolding the field (Part I), a condensation-expansion where the field acquires full consistency (Part II), and a resonance or memory of the field relating to other fields (Part III).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Part II, subtitled R/evolution Technologies, includes Books 4, 5, and 6 and is by far the longest volume, elaborating in depth the book’s proposals in a triple movement. It first exposes the technologies of variation in nature (Book 4), followed by the technologies of reduction in the Algoricene (Book 5), and finally the possibilities for overcoming the reductive fold (Book 6). Book 4 proposes a swarming chaosmology as theory of orgiastic evolution, culminating in the concept of metabiosis: life as indeterminate, symbiotic mutation. Book 5 diagnoses the regimes that have formatted movement and presents the theory of the Algoricene, or Age of Extinctions and Algorithms. It exposes a kinetic ontology, genealogy, and dynamics of power. An interlude discusses post-, trans-, and metahumanism, and a second part of the book unfolds a radical critique of the Planetary Holocaust. Book 6 unfolds metaformance aesthetics and metahuman politics, including the theory of metaformativity, the ontohacking pragmatics, and a choral Dionysian ontology, where the author also discusses at length hir own techniques and art projects, involving a radical challenge to human supremacism to face the extinction challenge now threatening all life on Earth, toward an Earth liberation and regeneration.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Ontohackers redefines what movement, worlds, and bodies are through the sense of proprioception reconceptualized as formless fluctuation field, a movement matrix that is itself also thought, and which underlies all life forms and fields, including the inorganic. Our worlds are made of endless such entangled fields n-folding in neverending variation or enferance. The current planetary crisis has emerged due to an accidental evolutionary alignment, narrowing, and impoverishment of that matrix’s indeterminacy, that appeared gradually and eventually with bipedalism, and which created an imbalance between the larger proprioceptive field and its brain, and made the atrophied body extend itself technically in geometric fields gradually covering the planet, along with its fears, with disastrous consequences that are unleashing an unprecedented type of mass extinction and species suicide.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The reply to this crisis – which is urgently due if we are to reduce even slightly the collapse coming up over the next decades – is in recovering a lost sensorimotor plasticity which is also cognitive, affective, and relational plasticity, through developing movement technes for cultivating Body Intelligence (BI), reversing and taking elsewhere the failed evolution culminating in AI, stepping down from humanist supremacist pedestals, undoing our dependency upon unsustainable killing machines of sedentary consumerism that impoverish experience, stopping the reproduction of a species that has become plague (by reversing heteronormative reproductive dogmas till we reach preagricultural population levels), and recovering the joys of moving with the world, in symbiotic mutation, towards unprecedented evolutionary variations: this is our cosmic responsibility for all life on Earth.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The book’s structure expresses Enferance Theory with regard to how processes of becoming have a triple movement: an incipiency unfolding the field (Part I), a condensation-expansion where the field acquires full consistency (Part II), and a resonance or memory of the field relating to other fields (Part III).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Part II, subtitled R/evolution Technologies, includes Books 4, 5, and 6 and is by far the longest volume, elaborating in depth the book’s proposals in a triple movement. It first exposes the technologies of variation in nature (Book 4), followed by the technologies of reduction in the Algoricene (Book 5), and finally the possibilities for overcoming the reductive fold (Book 6). Book 4 proposes a swarming chaosmology as theory of orgiastic evolution, culminating in the concept of metabiosis: life as indeterminate, symbiotic mutation. Book 5 diagnoses the regimes that have formatted movement and presents the theory of the Algoricene, or Age of Extinctions and Algorithms. It exposes a kinetic ontology, genealogy, and dynamics of power. An interlude discusses post-, trans-, and metahumanism, and a second part of the book unfolds a radical critique of the Planetary Holocaust. Book 6 unfolds metaformance aesthetics and metahuman politics, including the theory of metaformativity, the ontohacking pragmatics, and a choral Dionysian ontology, where the author also discusses at length hir own techniques and art projects, involving a radical challenge to human supremacism to face the extinction challenge now threatening all life on Earth, toward an Earth liberation and regeneration.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Ontohackers redefines what movement, worlds, and bodies are through the sense of proprioception reconceptualized as formless fluctuation field, a movement matrix that is itself also thought, and which underlies all life forms and fields including the inorganic. Our worlds are made of endless such entangled fields n-folding in never ending variation or enferance. The current planetary crisis has emerged due to an accidental evolutionary alignment, narrowing, and impoverishment of that matrix’s indeterminacy, that appeared gradually and eventually with bipedalism, and which created an imbalance between the larger proprioceptive field and its brain, and made the atrophied body extend itself technically in geometric fields gradually covering the planet, along with its fears, with disastrous consequences that are unleashing an unprecedented type of mass extinction and species suicide.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The reply to this crisis – which is urgently due if we are to reduce even slightly the collapse coming up over the next decades – is in recovering a lost sensorimotor plasticity which is also cognitive, affective, and relational plasticity, through developing movement technes for cultivating Body Intelligence (BI), reversing and taking elsewhere the failed evolution culminating in AI, stepping down from humanist suprematist pedestals, undoing our dependency from unsustainable killing machines of sedentary consumerism that impoverish experience, stopping the reproduction of a species that has become plague (by reversing heteronormative reproductive dogmas till we reach preagricultural population levels), and recovering the joys of moving with the world, in symbiotic mutation, towards unprecedented evolutionary variations: this is our cosmic responsibility for all life on Earth.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The book’s structure expresses Enferance Theory with regard to how processes of becoming have a triple movement: an incipiency unfolding the field (Part I); a condensation-expansion where the field acquires full consistency (Part II), and a resonance or memory of the field relating to other fields (Part III).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Part I includes Books 1 to 3 out of 7. The preface sets the context of the book: the extinction crisis. Book 1 provides an introduction to the entire field of the book and metareflects on the book’s structure and process. Book 2 is a full treatise on proprioception, developing the theory of Body Intelligence and addressing core issues of cognition, perception, communication, and an ontological redefinition of the body as proprioceptive swarm. Book 3 develops all core concepts of Radical Movement Philosophy, unfolding into several sections, first introducing the fluctation, field, and swarm theory, secondly the core concepts of clinaos (indeterminacy), metabody (consistency), and intraduction (variation), coming together in the concept of enferance. Finally, another triad further unfolds the previous as rhythm (affect), orientation (desire), and contact (sex), closing with an orgiastic cosmo-ontology that opens the way to Part II.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Ontohackers redefines what movement, worlds, and bodies are through the sense of proprioception reconceptualized as formless fluctuation field, a movement matrix that is itself also thought, and which underlies all life forms and fields including the inorganic. Our worlds are made of endless such entangled fields n-folding in never ending variation or enferance. The current planetary crisis has emerged due to an accidental evolutionary alignment, narrowing, and impoverishment of that matrix’s indeterminacy, that appeared gradually and eventually with bipedalism, and which created an imbalance between the larger proprioceptive field and its brain, and made the atrophied body extend itself technically in geometric fields gradually covering the planet, along with its fears, with disastrous consequences that are unleashing an unprecedented type of mass extinction and species suicide.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The reply to this crisis – which is urgently due if we are to reduce even slightly the collapse coming up over the next decades – is in recovering a lost sensorimotor plasticity which is also cognitive, affective, and relational plasticity, through developing movement technes for cultivating Body Intelligence (BI), reversing and taking elsewhere the failed evolution culminating in AI, stepping down from humanist suprematist pedestals, undoing our dependency from unsustainable killing machines of sedentary consumerism that impoverish experience, stopping the reproduction of a species that has become plague (by reversing heteronormative reproductive dogmas till we reach preagricultural population levels), and recovering the joys of moving with the world, in symbiotic mutation, towards unprecedented evolutionary variations: this is our cosmic responsibility for all life on Earth.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The book’s structure expresses Enferance Theory with regard to how processes of becoming have a triple movement: an incipiency unfolding the field (Part I); a condensation-expansion where the field acquires full consistency (Part II), and a resonance or memory of the field relating to other fields (Part III).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Part I includes Books 1 to 3 out of 7. The preface sets the context of the book: the extinction crisis. Book 1 provides an introduction to the entire field of the book and metareflects on the book’s structure and process. Book 2 is a full treatise on proprioception, developing the theory of Body Intelligence and addressing core issues of cognition, perception, communication, and an ontological redefinition of the body as proprioceptive swarm. Book 3 develops all core concepts of Radical Movement Philosophy, unfolding into several sections, first introducing the fluctation, field, and swarm theory, secondly the core concepts of clinaos (indeterminacy), metabody (consistency), and intraduction (variation), coming together in the concept of enferance. Finally, another triad further unfolds the previous as rhythm (affect), orientation (desire), and contact (sex), closing with an orgiastic cosmo-ontology that opens the way to Part II.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Ontohackers redefines what movement, worlds, and bodies are through the sense of proprioception reconceptualized as formless fluctuation field, a movement matrix that is itself also thought, and which underlies all life forms and fields including the inorganic. Our worlds are made of endless such entangled fields n-folding in never ending variation or enferance. The current planetary crisis has emerged due to an accidental evolutionary alignment, narrowing, and impoverishment of that matrix’s indeterminacy, that appeared gradually and eventually with bipedalism, and which created an imbalance between the larger proprioceptive field and its brain, and made the atrophied body extend itself technically in geometric fields gradually covering the planet, along with its fears, with disastrous consequences that are unleashing an unprecedented type of mass extinction and species suicide.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The reply to this crisis – which is urgently due if we are to reduce even slightly the collapse coming up over the next decades – is in recovering a lost sensorimotor plasticity which is also cognitive, affective, and relational plasticity, through developing movement technes for cultivating Body Intelligence (BI), reversing and taking elsewhere the failed evolution culminating in AI, stepping down from humanist suprematist pedestals, undoing our dependency from unsustainable killing machines of sedentary consumerism that impoverish experience, stopping the reproduction of a species that has become plague (by reversing heteronormative reproductive dogmas till we reach preagricultural population levels), and recovering the joys of moving with the world, in symbiotic mutation, towards unprecedented evolutionary variations: this is our cosmic responsibility for all life on Earth.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The book’s structure expresses Enferance Theory with regard to how processes of becoming have a triple movement: an incipiency unfolding the field (Part I); a condensation-expansion where the field acquires full consistency (Part II), and a resonance or memory of the field relating to other fields (Part III).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Part I includes Books 1 to 3 out of 7. The preface sets the context of the book: the extinction crisis. Book 1 provides an introduction to the entire field of the book and metareflects on the book’s structure and process. Book 2 is a full treatise on proprioception, developing the theory of Body Intelligence and addressing core issues of cognition, perception, communication, and an ontological redefinition of the body as proprioceptive swarm. Book 3 develops all core concepts of Radical Movement Philosophy, unfolding into several sections, first introducing the fluctation, field, and swarm theory, secondly the core concepts of clinaos (indeterminacy), metabody (consistency), and intraduction (variation), coming together in the concept of enferance. Finally, another triad further unfolds the previous as rhythm (affect), orientation (desire), and contact (sex), closing with an orgiastic cosmo-ontology that opens the way to Part II.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Ontohackers redefines what movement, worlds, and bodies are through the sense of proprioception reconceptualized as formless fluctuation field, a movement matrix that is itself also thought, and which underlies all life forms and fields including the inorganic. Our worlds are made of endless such entangled fields n-folding in never ending variation or enferance. The current planetary crisis has emerged due to an accidental evolutionary alignment, narrowing, and impoverishment of that matrix’s indeterminacy, that appeared gradually and eventually with bipedalism, and which created an imbalance between the larger proprioceptive field and its brain, and made the atrophied body extend itself technically in geometric fields gradually covering the planet, along with its fears, with disastrous consequences that are unleashing an unprecedented type of mass extinction and species suicide.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The reply to this crisis – which is urgently due if we are to reduce even slightly the collapse coming up over the next decades – is in recovering a lost sensorimotor plasticity which is also cognitive, affective, and relational plasticity, through developing movement technes for cultivating Body Intelligence (BI), reversing and taking elsewhere the failed evolution culminating in AI, stepping down from humanist suprematist pedestals, undoing our dependency from unsustainable killing machines of sedentary consumerism that impoverish experience, stopping the reproduction of a species that has become plague (by reversing heteronormative reproductive dogmas till we reach preagricultural population levels), and recovering the joys of moving with the world, in symbiotic mutation, towards unprecedented evolutionary variations: this is our cosmic responsibility for all life on Earth.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The book’s structure expresses Enferance Theory with regard to how processes of becoming have a triple movement: an incipiency unfolding the field (Part I); a condensation-expansion where the field acquires full consistency (Part II), and a resonance or memory of the field relating to other fields (Part III).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Part I includes Books 1 to 3 out of 7. The preface sets the context of the book: the extinction crisis. Book 1 provides an introduction to the entire field of the book and metareflects on the book’s structure and process. Book 2 is a full treatise on proprioception, developing the theory of Body Intelligence and addressing core issues of cognition, perception, communication, and an ontological redefinition of the body as proprioceptive swarm. Book 3 develops all core concepts of Radical Movement Philosophy, unfolding into several sections, first introducing the fluctation, field, and swarm theory, secondly the core concepts of clinaos (indeterminacy), metabody (consistency), and intraduction (variation), coming together in the concept of enferance. Finally, another triad further unfolds the previous as rhythm (affect), orientation (desire), and contact (sex), closing with an orgiastic cosmo-ontology that opens the way to Part II.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In Open Book in Ways of Water, poet and artist Adam Wolfond explores the synaesthetic quality of autistic perception, the way in which water in its different materializations shapes and channels language. Building on notions such as “wetness,” “streams,” and “currents,” Wolfond constructs a linguistic universe in which writing and perception merge, move, and “pace to gether” – echoing both the togetherness of the senses and the gathering rhythms of water. Open Book in Ways of Water is as much a book of poetry and a book about poetry, a self-reflection in an endlessly moving and transforming element.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;As the author himself explains:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Language is a way to understand each other but it is also reductive in the ways that it is abstracted and non-sensuous, and open writing as movement tends to be ignored as autistics are forced into neurotypical ways of seeing, and the thinking around artistic practices feels of a pace that intensifies the use of forms forming, and similarities with open processes are languaging the way of water, making language about artful relations with the more than human.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Water is a game of ways and patterns that wave and ripple and can pull us under, the talk is about surfacing but languaging is about feeling, moving the ways that it makes are having variances moving the thresholds in thinking feeling of a rally that comes from cutting the grammars out and that is the way of perception that is cut by grammar and people need art to dance this dance of relation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;A man of autism answers the ways of the body much of the time and that means my body rallies the artful atmospheres that are dancing me and the real feeling can dance the atmospheres as my body presence and pace shifts other bodies to be free. Having a ticcing body is making the dance about disorder but really it is about a different and diverse way of languaging with many feelings and bathing and immersing and I don’t have any other way.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;An epidemic is a feeling set within time as much as it is a matter of statistics and epidemiology: it is the feeling of many of us in the same desperate place at the same desperate time. Opioid epidemic thus names a present moment — at once historic and historical — centered on the substance of opioids as much as it names the urgency of all of us who are currently in proximity to these substances. What is the relationship between these historic and historical moments, the present moment, the history of pharmacological capitalism, and a set of repeated neurological activities, as well as human loss and desire, that has fueled the exponential rise in the rates of opioid use and abuse between 2000-2018?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Opioids: Addiction, Narrative, Freedom is an auto-ethnography written from deep within—biologically within—this opioid epidemic. Tracing opioids around and through the bodies, governmental, and medical structures they are moving and being moved through, Opioids is an examination of what it means to live within an environment saturated with a substance of deep economic, political, neuroscientific, and pharmacological implications. From exploring media coverage of the epidemic and emerging medical narratives of addiction to detailing the legal inscription of differences between “pain patients” and people addicted to drugs, Opioids consistently asks: what is it like to live within an epidemic? What forms of freedom become possible when continually modulated by our physical experiences of the material proximities of an epidemic?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;How do you live with something for a long time&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;An epidemic is a feeling set within time as much as it is a matter of statistics and epidemiology: it is the feeling of many of us in the same desperate place at the same desperate time. Opioid epidemic thus names a present moment — at once historic and historical — centered on the substance of opioids as much as it names the urgency of all of us who are currently in proximity to these substances. What is the relationship between these historic and historical moments, the present moment, the history of pharmacological capitalism, and a set of repeated neurological activities, as well as human loss and desire, that has fueled the exponential rise in the rates of opioid use and abuse between 2000-2018?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Opioids: Addiction, Narrative, Freedom is an auto-ethnography written from deep within—biologically within—this opioid epidemic. Tracing opioids around and through the bodies, governmental, and medical structures they are moving and being moved through, Opioids is an examination of what it means to live within an environment saturated with a substance of deep economic, political, neuroscientific, and pharmacological implications. From exploring media coverage of the epidemic and emerging medical narratives of addiction to detailing the legal inscription of differences between “pain patients” and people addicted to drugs, Opioids consistently asks: what is it like to live within an epidemic? What forms of freedom become possible when continually modulated by our physical experiences of the material proximities of an epidemic?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;How do you live with something for a long time&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;An epidemic is a feeling set within time as much as it is a matter of statistics and epidemiology: it is the feeling of many of us in the same desperate place at the same desperate time. Opioid epidemic thus names a present moment — at once historic and historical — centered on the substance of opioids as much as it names the urgency of all of us who are currently in proximity to these substances. What is the relationship between these historic and historical moments, the present moment, the history of pharmacological capitalism, and a set of repeated neurological activities, as well as human loss and desire, that has fueled the exponential rise in the rates of opioid use and abuse between 2000-2018?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Opioids: Addiction, Narrative, Freedom is an auto-ethnography written from deep within—biologically within—this opioid epidemic. Tracing opioids around and through the bodies, governmental, and medical structures they are moving and being moved through, Opioids is an examination of what it means to live within an environment saturated with a substance of deep economic, political, neuroscientific, and pharmacological implications. From exploring media coverage of the epidemic and emerging medical narratives of addiction to detailing the legal inscription of differences between “pain patients” and people addicted to drugs, Opioids consistently asks: what is it like to live within an epidemic? What forms of freedom become possible when continually modulated by our physical experiences of the material proximities of an epidemic?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;How do you live with something for a long time&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;An epidemic is a feeling set within time as much as it is a matter of statistics and epidemiology: it is the feeling of many of us in the same desperate place at the same desperate time. Opioid epidemic thus names a present moment — at once historic and historical — centered on the substance of opioids as much as it names the urgency of all of us who are currently in proximity to these substances. What is the relationship between these historic and historical moments, the present moment, the history of pharmacological capitalism, and a set of repeated neurological activities, as well as human loss and desire, that has fueled the exponential rise in the rates of opioid use and abuse between 2000-2018?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Opioids: Addiction, Narrative, Freedom is an auto-ethnography written from deep within—biologically within—this opioid epidemic. Tracing opioids around and through the bodies, governmental, and medical structures they are moving and being moved through, Opioids is an examination of what it means to live within an environment saturated with a substance of deep economic, political, neuroscientific, and pharmacological implications. From exploring media coverage of the epidemic and emerging medical narratives of addiction to detailing the legal inscription of differences between “pain patients” and people addicted to drugs, Opioids consistently asks: what is it like to live within an epidemic? What forms of freedom become possible when continually modulated by our physical experiences of the material proximities of an epidemic?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;How do you live with something for a long time&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Zoë Charlton creates figure drawings, collages, installations, and animations that depict her subject’s relationship to culturally loaded objects and landscapes. Charlton received her MFA degree from the University of Texas, Austin and participated in residencies at Artpace Residency in Texas, McColl Center for Art + Innovation in North Carolina, and the Skowhegan School of Painting in Maine. Museum collections include The Phillips Collection in Washington, dc, Crystal Bridges Museum of American Art in Arkansas, Birmingham Museum of Art in Alabama, and Studio Museum in Harlem, New York City. Charlton is a professor in the Department of Art at American University in Washington, dc. She holds a seat on the Maryland State Arts Council, is a board member at the Washington Project for the Arts in Washington, dc, and is co-founder of 'sindikit, a collaborative, research-centered, art initiative.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Broad in scope, Out of Place: Artists, Pedagogy, and Purpose presents an overview of the different paths taken by artists and artist collectives as they navigate their way from formative experiences into pedagogy. Focusing on the realms in- and outside the academy (the places and persons involved in post-secondary education) and the multiple forms and functions of pedagogy (practices of learning and instruction), the contributions in this volume engage individual and collective artistic practices as they adapt to meet the factors and historical conditions of the people and communities they serve through solidarity, equity, and creativity.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;With this critically, historicist approach in mind, the contributions in Out of Place historicize, study, critique, revise, reframe, and question the academy, its operations and exclusions. The extensive range of contributions, emphasizing community-oriented projects both inside and outside the United States, is grouped into three overarching categories: artists who work in academic institutions but whose social and pedagogical engagement extends beyond the walls of the academy; artists who engage in pedagogical initiatives or forms of institutional critique that were established outside of an art school or university setting; and artist–scholars who are doing transformative and inter/transdisciplinary work within their respective institutions.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Collectives and projects represented in Out of Place comprise Art Practical, Axis Lab, BFAMFAPhD, Beta-Local, Black Lunch Table Project, The Black School, The Center for Undisciplined Research, Devening Projects, ds4si, Elsewhere, Ghana ThinkTank, Gudskul, The Icebox Project Space, Las Hermanas Iglesias, The Laundromat Project, Occupy Museums, Peebls, PlantBot Genetics, Queer Conversations on Culture and the Arts, Related Tactics, Side by Side, ‘sindikit, Sustainable Native Communities Collaborative, and Tiger Strikes Asteriod.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Broad in scope, Out of Place: Artists, Pedagogy, and Purpose presents an overview of the different paths taken by artists and artist collectives as they navigate their way from formative experiences into pedagogy. Focusing on the realms in- and outside the academy (the places and persons involved in post-secondary education) and the multiple forms and functions of pedagogy (practices of learning and instruction), the contributions in this volume engage individual and collective artistic practices as they adapt to meet the factors and historical conditions of the people and communities they serve through solidarity, equity, and creativity.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;With this critically, historicist approach in mind, the contributions in Out of Place historicize, study, critique, revise, reframe, and question the academy, its operations and exclusions. The extensive range of contributions, emphasizing community-oriented projects both inside and outside the United States, is grouped into three overarching categories: artists who work in academic institutions but whose social and pedagogical engagement extends beyond the walls of the academy; artists who engage in pedagogical initiatives or forms of institutional critique that were established outside of an art school or university setting; and artist–scholars who are doing transformative and inter/transdisciplinary work within their respective institutions.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Collectives and projects represented in Out of Place comprise Art Practical, Axis Lab, BFAMFAPhD, Beta-Local, Black Lunch Table Project, The Black School, The Center for Undisciplined Research, Devening Projects, ds4si, Elsewhere, Ghana ThinkTank, Gudskul, The Icebox Project Space, Las Hermanas Iglesias, The Laundromat Project, Occupy Museums, Peebls, PlantBot Genetics, Queer Conversations on Culture and the Arts, Related Tactics, Side by Side, ‘sindikit, Sustainable Native Communities Collaborative, and Tiger Strikes Asteriod.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Tim Doud received his MFA from The School of the Art Institute of Chicago. Exhibitions include Curator’s Office, Washington, DC, the Tacoma Art Museum in Tacoma, Kemper Contemporary Art Museum in Kansas City, the Smithsonian’s National Portrait Gallery, Washington, DC, PS1 Museum of Modern Art in New York City, Artists Space in New York City, the Frye Art Gallery in Seattle, Art Basel, Galerie Brusberg in Berlin, MC Magma in Milan, and the Corcoran Gallery of Art in Washington, DC. He has received grants from The National Endowment for the Arts (Arts Midwest), and The Pollock-Krasner Art Foundation. Commission for the Arts and Humanities. He has participated in residencies at Skowhegan School of Painting and Sculpture, the Banff Centre in Alberta, the Sharpe/Walentas Studio Program in Brooklyn, New York. Doud is currently a professor at American University, Washington, DC and is co-founder of 'sindikit, a collaborative, research-centered, art initiative.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Lisi Raskin</TitleText>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Lisi Raskin: For the last decade, I have been practicing ways of being that embrace what I now understand to have always been my trans and disabled embodiment. I have reshaped my creative and curricular practices into solo and together adventures that support me as I unlearn assimilationist and settler, white supremacist patterns of relation. I focus my energy on endeavors, including art making, that are responsive and accountable to the needs of my body and community rather than exhibition schedules. I am ever in search of co-conspirators whose lived practices are rooted in mutuality, reciprocity, radical love, and care. Currently, I am working on a book about engaged and inclusive pedagogy. I am a member of the rock band Peebls with whom I have loved, laughed, cooked, and eaten in the process of co-authoring a demo album of intersectional propaganda for children of all ages.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Rudy Lemcke + Tina Takemoto</TitleText>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Rudy Lemcke is a multidisciplinary artist and curator who lives and works in San Francisco. He holds a degree in Philosophy from the University of Louvain in Belgium and a degree in Web Design and Technology from San Francisco State Multimedia Studies Program. His artwork has been exhibited internationally in venues such as the Whitney Museum of American Art, DeYoung Museum, Pacific Film Archive/University Art Museum, Berkeley, San Francisco Art Institute / Walter McBean Gallery, Camerawork, New Langton Arts, Wadsworth Atheneum Museum of Art, University Art Gallery, Stoney Brook University, New York, Grey Art Gallery in New York, Bass Museum of Art in Miami Beach, Florida, The Contemporary Arts Center in New Orleans, Louisiana, and Musée d’Art Contemporain de Montréal. His curatorial work includes a trilogy of projects titled The Turning, Queerly and includes the exhibitions From Self to Selfie in 2017, A History of Violence in 2018, and Precarious Lives in 2019.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Tina Takemoto is an artist, writer, and filmmaker who explores hidden dimensions of same-sex intimacy in Asian American history. Takemoto manipulates archival and found footage through performance and labor-intensive processes of painting, scratching, and lifting 35mm and 16mm emulsion. By engaging tactile dimensions of the archive, Takemoto conjures up immersive queer historical fantasies. Takemoto has exhibited widely and received grants from Art Matters, ArtPlace, Fleishhacker Foundation, and San Francisco Arts Commission. Takemoto was awarded the Grand Jury Prize for Best Experimental Film at Slamdance and the Best Experimental Film Jury Award at Austin Gay and Lesbian International Film Festival. Screenings include Ann Arbor, Anthology Film Archive, BFI Flare, CAAMfest, Outfest, Queer Forever! in Hanoi, and Xposed Queer Film Festival in Berlin. Takemoto is Dean of Humanities and Sciences at California College of the Arts.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Whitney Mashburn is a Boston-based independent curator and writer whose work resides at the intersection of contemporary art and disability justice. Her current work includes Holding Space from 2021–present, a burgeoning curatorial project to bear witness to the lived experiences of those marginalized by chronic illness; Let’s Keep in Touch (2016-present), a multi-phased, collaborative investigation of tactile aesthetics with social practice artist, Carmen Papalia; and collaborations with Minerva Projects and My Dearest Friends Project from 2020–21. She holds an MA in Critical and Curatorial Studies in Art, an MA in Disability Studies, and a BA in History of Art and Studio Art. Her current research investigates chronic and invisible illness, access as a ritual act of care, communal support, tactile aesthetics, social accessibility, disability activism in curating, meaningful inclusion, and the role of dialogue in social practice and institutional critique. Upcoming 2021–22 exhibitions are in London, Vancouver, Grand Rapids, and Boston.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Antoine Williams’s interdisciplinary practice is an investigation of power and the body. Heavily influenced by science fiction and critical race theory, Williams has created his own mythology about the complexities of contemporary Black life. An artist-educator, Williams received his BFA from the University of North Carolina, Charlotte, and his MFA from UNC, Chapel Hill. He is a member of the North Carolina Black Artists for Liberation. He has exhibited at Smack Mellon Brooklyn, 21c Museum, Elsewhere Museum, The McColl Center of Art and Innovation, and the California Museum of Photography. He attended the 2020 Center for Afrofuturist Studies artist residency and took part in the 2021 Drawing Center viewing program. He is a recipient of the 2017 Joan Mitchell Award for Painters and Sculptors and the 2018 Harpo Foundation Grant Award. He’s given talks at Auburn University and UNC, Chapel Hill. Williams is an associate professor of art at Guilford College.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Maria del Carmen Montoya operates in the contested ground between art and social activism. Her primary medium is the communal process of making meaning. She seeks ways to catalyze this natural social phenomenon with situations that insist on the power of human-scale intervention in the presumed inevitability of everyday life. Her methodology is dialogic and collaborative. She believes that art can be a potent crucible for social change. Thus, her work is often about resistance and challenging norms, inverting power hierarchies and breaking rules, but she also traffics in beauty, memory, humor, and other potentially radical forces for activating communities. She is a core member of Ghana ThinkTank, an international artist collective that “develops the first world” by flipping traditional power dynamics and asking people living in the so-called “third world” to intervene into the lives of the people living in the alleged “developed” world. Their innovative approach to public art reveals blind spots between otherwise disconnected cultures and challenges assumptions about who is “needy.”&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Joseph Kunkel, a citizen of the Northern Cheyenne Nation, is a Principal at MASS Design Group, where he directs the Sustainable Native Communities Design Lab based in Santa Fe, New Mexico. He is a community designer and educator, focused on sustainable development practices throughout Indian Country. His work includes exemplary Indian housing projects and processes nationwide. This research work has developed into emerging best practices, leading to an online Healthy Homes Road Map for tribal housing development funded by HUD’s PD&amp;amp;R Office. His professional career has centered on community-based design, material research, fabrication, and construction. In 2019 Joseph was awarded an Obama Fellowship for his work with indigenous communities. Prior to his recognition from the Obama Foundation, Joseph received a Rauschenberg SEED grant from the Robert Rauschenberg Foundation and a 2019 Creative Capital Award. Joseph is a Fellow of the inaugural class of the Civil Society Fellowship, a partnership of ADL and The Aspen Institute, and a member of the Aspen Global Leadership Network.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Noah Fischer is a Brooklyn-based artist whose work intersects with politics through a practice of drawing, writing, organizing, performance, and sculpture. The Occupy Wall Street movement was key to his political understanding, questioning the inequity structured into cultural institutions through groups like Occupy Museums and Global Ultra Luxury Faction/Gulf Labor. Fischer’s writings have appeared in bills handed out at direct actions and his essays have been published in Hyperallergic, Frieze, M/E/A/N/I/N/G, Brooklyn Rail, and October. Fischer’s solo and collaborative work has been exhibited with and without invitation at Guggenheim, MoMA, Brooklyn Museum, ZKM Center for Art and Media, the 56th Venice Biennale, 7th Berlin Biennale, and 2017 Whitney Biennial. Fischer’s interest in politics is currently taking the form of writing a speculative fiction novel about direct democracy.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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            <TitleText language="eng">The Laundromat Project</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Risë Wilson</PersonName>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Risë Wilson is Paula’s daughter, Vera’s granddaughter, and Adelaide’s great-granddaughter. When her people were stolen across the Atlantic, they were dropped in Barbados and Virginia, but Wilson’s flesh was formed on the land of the Lenape, more commonly referred to as Philadelphia. Wilson is a product of the constellation of plant-magic, lies, constraints, stardust, tree-mothers, complexities, resistance, and surrender that inform Black life on this land. In 1999 she founded The Laundromat Project, an award-winning organization that connects artists and communities of color to their capacity to envision the world in which we all want to live and the skill sets to make it so. She currently serves as the Senior Advisor for the Art for Justice Fund while also planning to launch a new cultural space that combines art, activism, and healing practices. Her work in all its forms is preoccupied with dislodging herself from the bear traps of oppression so that she might help her kinfolk do the same.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Ryan McCartney is a curator, educator, and artist living and working in Saint Louis. Born in 1979, Ryan was raised in rural Salem County of southern New Jersey on an estuary of the Delaware Bay. McCartney’s early upbringing was in a now vanishing landscape, one of endless tidal marshes and tall grasses. Based in Philadelphia from 2005–20, Ryan served as one of the first two directors of the Icebox Project Space, with his co-director and friend, Timothy Belknap beginning in 2013. Ryan sought to push the Icebox to reach new communities and audiences through a focus on radically inclusive curation and personal outreach. Each year at the Icebox, McCartney curated and coordinated year-round, visual art programming and performance and produced small-run, artist’s publications and artists’ audio recordings as a continuation of the idea that the gallery space should be a platform for departures, rather than an end in and of itself.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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            <TitleText language="eng">The Black School</TitleText>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Shani Peters is Co-Director and Director of Education of The Black School, and is a multidisciplinary artist based in New Orleans. She holds a BA from Michigan State University and an MFA from the City College of New York. Peters has presented work in the US and abroad at the New Museum, The Studio Museum, the Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture in Harlem, Seoul Art Space Geumcheon in South Korea, and the National Gallery of Zimbabwe in Harare. Selected residencies include those hosted by the Lower Manhattan Cultural Council, Museum of Contemporary Art Detroit, The Laundromat Project in New York City, and Project Row Houses in Texas. Her collaborative and solo work has been supported by the Mellon Foundation, Creative Capital, the Rauschenberg Foundation, Rema Hort Mann Foundation, and the Joan Mitchell Foundation. Peters is a university and museum educator, focusing her teaching at the intersection of art, design, and social change. She has been a part-time faculty at Parsons School of Design The New School, the Pratt Institute, and The City College of New York.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Joseph Cuillier III (b. 1988, New Orleans) is Co-Director and Creative Director of The Black School and is a New Orleans-based multidisciplinary artist, designer, educator, and the co-director of Black Love Fest. His work engages with textile art and fashion as Black architecture, abstraction as a technology, and Black radical pedagogy. His practice, intersecting social practice, installation, fiber, design, and education, centers on deconstructing history and creating counter narratives. He achieved an MFA from the Pratt Institute and has been a faculty member at Parsons School of Design The New School and the Pratt Institute. His work has been exhibited and presented internationally in galleries and museums, including The Studio Museum, New Museum, Bronx Museum, and MoMA Library. Cuillier has been an artist-in-residence and fellow at Sweet Water Foundation, Ideas City NOLA, Antenna, New Museum, The Laundromat Project, and A Blade of Grass.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <PersonName>Bill Gaskins</PersonName>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Bill Gaskins explores questions about visual and media culture in the twenty-first century through photography and media from an interdisciplinary professional and academic foundation that includes his body of arts and culture writing framed through photography, cinema, the history of photography, visual and material culture, and American and African American Studies scholarship. His relevance as a contemporary artist has garnered attention through books, catalogs, solo and group exhibitions at major venues including the Crocker Museum of Art, the Brooklyn Museum of Art, the Detroit Institute of Arts, and the Smithsonian Institution. Bill Gaskins is also an informed and inspired professor, acknowledged by his students and peers for his insightful and transformative approaches to teaching and learning. He is presently Director of the Graduate Program in Photography + Media &amp;amp; Society at the Maryland Institute College of Art.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;George Ciscle has mounted groundbreaking exhibitions, created community arts programs, and taught fine arts and humanities courses for fifty years. He trained as a sculptor, studying with Isamu Noguchi. For fifteen years he developed high-school interdisciplinary curriculum and work-study programs for the educationally disadvantaged. In 1985, he opened the George Ciscle Gallery where he promoted the careers of young and emerging artists. From 1989–96 Ciscle was the founder and director of The Contemporary, an “un-museum,” which challenges existing conventions for exhibiting art in non-traditional sites, focusing its exhibitions and outreach on connecting artists’ works with people’s everyday lives. As Curator-in-Residence at Maryland Institute College of Art from 1997–2017, he continued to develop new models for connecting art, artists, and audiences by creating the Exhibition Development Seminar, Curatorial Studies Concentration and the MFA in Curatorial Practice.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Tim Doud received his MFA from The School of the Art Institute of Chicago. Exhibitions include Curator’s Office, Washington, DC, the Tacoma Art Museum in Tacoma, Kemper Contemporary Art Museum in Kansas City, the Smithsonian’s National Portrait Gallery, Washington, DC, PS1 Museum of Modern Art in New York City, Artists Space in New York City, the Frye Art Gallery in Seattle, Art Basel, Galerie Brusberg in Berlin, MC Magma in Milan, and the Corcoran Gallery of Art in Washington, DC. He has received grants from The National Endowment for the Arts (Arts Midwest), and The Pollock-Krasner Art Foundation. Commission for the Arts and Humanities. He has participated in residencies at Skowhegan School of Painting and Sculpture, the Banff Centre in Alberta, the Sharpe/Walentas Studio Program in Brooklyn, New York. Doud is currently a professor at American University, Washington, DC and is co-founder of 'sindikit, a collaborative, research-centered, art initiative.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Zoë Charlton creates figure drawings, collages, installations, and animations that depict her subject’s relationship to culturally loaded objects and landscapes. Charlton received her MFA degree from the University of Texas, Austin and participated in residencies at Artpace Residency in Texas, McColl Center for Art + Innovation in North Carolina, and the Skowhegan School of Painting in Maine. Museum collections include The Phillips Collection in Washington, dc, Crystal Bridges Museum of American Art in Arkansas, Birmingham Museum of Art in Alabama, and Studio Museum in Harlem, New York City. Charlton is a professor in the Department of Art at American University in Washington, dc. She holds a seat on the Maryland State Arts Council, is a board member at the Washington Project for the Arts in Washington, dc, and is co-founder of 'sindikit, a collaborative, research-centered, art initiative.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Tim Doud received his MFA from The School of the Art Institute of Chicago. Exhibitions include Curator’s Office, Washington, DC, the Tacoma Art Museum in Tacoma, Kemper Contemporary Art Museum in Kansas City, the Smithsonian’s National Portrait Gallery, Washington, DC, PS1 Museum of Modern Art in New York City, Artists Space in New York City, the Frye Art Gallery in Seattle, Art Basel, Galerie Brusberg in Berlin, MC Magma in Milan, and the Corcoran Gallery of Art in Washington, DC. He has received grants from The National Endowment for the Arts (Arts Midwest), and The Pollock-Krasner Art Foundation. Commission for the Arts and Humanities. He has participated in residencies at Skowhegan School of Painting and Sculpture, the Banff Centre in Alberta, the Sharpe/Walentas Studio Program in Brooklyn, New York. Doud is currently a professor at American University, Washington, DC and is co-founder of 'sindikit, a collaborative, research-centered, art initiative.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Zoë Charlton creates figure drawings, collages, installations, and animations that depict her subject’s relationship to culturally loaded objects and landscapes. Charlton received her MFA degree from the University of Texas, Austin and participated in residencies at Artpace Residency in Texas, McColl Center for Art + Innovation in North Carolina, and the Skowhegan School of Painting in Maine. Museum collections include The Phillips Collection in Washington, dc, Crystal Bridges Museum of American Art in Arkansas, Birmingham Museum of Art in Alabama, and Studio Museum in Harlem, New York City. Charlton is a professor in the Department of Art at American University in Washington, dc. She holds a seat on the Maryland State Arts Council, is a board member at the Washington Project for the Arts in Washington, dc, and is co-founder of 'sindikit, a collaborative, research-centered, art initiative.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Dr. Jordan Amirkhani is an art historian, curator, and critic currently based in Washington, DC, where she is a Professorial Lecturer in Art History at American University. She has published scholarship on the Franco-Cuban painter and polemicist Francis Picabia, Mequitta Ahuja, Crow artist Wendy Red Star, and the Nashville-based photographer Vesna Pavlović. Recent curatorial projects include Identity Measures, an exhibition of twenty-three southeastern artists for the Contemporary Art Center of New Orleans and the 2021 Atlanta Biennial, Of Care and Destruction, which featured thirty-four artists working and making across the southeast United States. Jordan’s art criticism and writing has appeared in Artforum, Art Practical, Baltimore Arts, X-Tra, MOMUS, and Burnaway. Her emphasis on contextualizing contemporary art and artists working in the American Southeast garnered her a prestigious Creative Capital/Andy Warhol Foundation “Short-Form” Writing Grant in 2017 and three nominations for The Rabkin Prize in Arts Journalism in 2017, 2018, and 2019.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Tim Doud received his MFA from The School of the Art Institute of Chicago. Exhibitions include Curator’s Office, Washington, DC, the Tacoma Art Museum in Tacoma, Kemper Contemporary Art Museum in Kansas City, the Smithsonian’s National Portrait Gallery, Washington, DC, PS1 Museum of Modern Art in New York City, Artists Space in New York City, the Frye Art Gallery in Seattle, Art Basel, Galerie Brusberg in Berlin, MC Magma in Milan, and the Corcoran Gallery of Art in Washington, DC. He has received grants from The National Endowment for the Arts (Arts Midwest), and The Pollock-Krasner Art Foundation. Commission for the Arts and Humanities. He has participated in residencies at Skowhegan School of Painting and Sculpture, the Banff Centre in Alberta, the Sharpe/Walentas Studio Program in Brooklyn, New York. Doud is currently a professor at American University, Washington, DC and is co-founder of 'sindikit, a collaborative, research-centered, art initiative.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Alexandria Smith</TitleText>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Ken Gonzales-Day</TitleText>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Ken Gonzales-Day is a Los Angeles-based artist whose interdisciplinary practice considers the historical construction of race and the limits of representational systems ranging from lynching photographs to museum displays. His widely exhibited Erased Lynching Series (ongoing), along with the publication of Lynching in the West: 1850–1935 at Duke University Press, 2006, transformed the understanding of racialized violence in the US and raised awareness of the lynching of Latinxs, Native Americans, Asians, African-Americans, and others to contextualize anti-immigration histories within the larger discussion of racial formation so central to this historical moment. Works from Profiled at LACMA in 2011 have been exhibited internationally and grew out of research into the history of racial depiction found in historic expositions and educational museum displays. In 2017, Gonzales-Day received a John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Fellowship in photography and holds the Fletcher Jones Chair in Art at Scripps College.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Lauren Frances Adams is a painter who lives and works in Baltimore. She earned her BFA at University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, and her MFA at Carnegie Mellon University. She grew up in North Carolina on a pig farm. Her work engages political and social histories through iconic images and domestic ornament. Her work has been exhibited across the United States at museums, university galleries, and artist-run spaces, with an upcoming 2021 project at the Baltimore Museum of Art. She attended the Skowhegan School of Painting and Sculpture and has held residencies at the Cité Internationale des Arts in Paris and the Sacatar Foundation in Brazil. She is the recipient of a Joan Mitchell Foundation MFA Award, and a 2016 Pollock-Krasner Foundation Award. Americans for the Arts recognized projects she co-produced in 2011 and 2017 as “outstanding public art.” Her work has been published in Frieze, BmoreArt, The Baltimore Sun, Artslant, and Hyperallergic.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Lisi Raskin</TitleText>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Lisi Raskin: For the last decade, I have been practicing ways of being that embrace what I now understand to have always been my trans and disabled embodiment. I have reshaped my creative and curricular practices into solo and together adventures that support me as I unlearn assimilationist and settler, white supremacist patterns of relation. I focus my energy on endeavors, including art making, that are responsive and accountable to the needs of my body and community rather than exhibition schedules. I am ever in search of co-conspirators whose lived practices are rooted in mutuality, reciprocity, radical love, and care. Currently, I am working on a book about engaged and inclusive pedagogy. I am a member of the rock band Peebls with whom I have loved, laughed, cooked, and eaten in the process of co-authoring a demo album of intersectional propaganda for children of all ages.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Tony Cruz Pabón is a Puerto Rican artist who lives and works in San Juan. His work stretches across the mediums of drawing, animation, and photography. During the last years his work has been shown in Artefact: Parallel Crossings at STUK Leuven, Belgium in 2019, We don’t need another hero, 10th Berlin Biennale in 2018, Fotonoviembre in Tenerife in 2017, Spain, Spirit Levels at the Center for Contemporary Art in Glasgow in 2014, the III Trienal Poli/Gráfica in San Juan in 2012, The Peripatetic School: Itinerant Drawing from Latin America at the Drawing Room in London in 2011, and at the Casas Riegner Gallery in Bogotá, Colombia in 2011. He is also Co-Founder of Beta-Local, a cultural space, production program, and an experimental education project in San Juan.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Carmen Papalia uses organizing strategies and improvisation to address his access to public space, the art institution, and visual culture. His work, which takes forms ranging from collaborative performance to public intervention, is a response to the barriers and biases of the medical model of disability. As a convener, he establishes welcoming spaces where those from historically marginalized groups realize their desires for participation through processes rooted in activism, performance, and institutional critique. Papalia is a 2019 and 2020 Sobey Art Award recipient. His work has been featured at the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, the Tate Liverpool, the Banff Centre for Arts and Creativity, and Gallery Gachet, among others.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Whitney Mashburn is a Boston-based independent curator and writer whose work resides at the intersection of contemporary art and disability justice. Her current work includes Holding Space from 2021–present, a burgeoning curatorial project to bear witness to the lived experiences of those marginalized by chronic illness; Let’s Keep in Touch (2016-present), a multi-phased, collaborative investigation of tactile aesthetics with social practice artist, Carmen Papalia; and collaborations with Minerva Projects and My Dearest Friends Project from 2020–21. She holds an MA in Critical and Curatorial Studies in Art, an MA in Disability Studies, and a BA in History of Art and Studio Art. Her current research investigates chronic and invisible illness, access as a ritual act of care, communal support, tactile aesthetics, social accessibility, disability activism in curating, meaningful inclusion, and the role of dialogue in social practice and institutional critique. Upcoming 2021–22 exhibitions are in London, Vancouver, Grand Rapids, and Boston.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Maria del Carmen Montoya operates in the contested ground between art and social activism. Her primary medium is the communal process of making meaning. She seeks ways to catalyze this natural social phenomenon with situations that insist on the power of human-scale intervention in the presumed inevitability of everyday life. Her methodology is dialogic and collaborative. She believes that art can be a potent crucible for social change. Thus, her work is often about resistance and challenging norms, inverting power hierarchies and breaking rules, but she also traffics in beauty, memory, humor, and other potentially radical forces for activating communities. She is a core member of Ghana ThinkTank, an international artist collective that “develops the first world” by flipping traditional power dynamics and asking people living in the so-called “third world” to intervene into the lives of the people living in the alleged “developed” world. Their innovative approach to public art reveals blind spots between otherwise disconnected cultures and challenges assumptions about who is “needy.”&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;farid rakun, trained as an architect (B.Arch from Universitas Indonesia and M.Arch from Cranbrook Academy of Art), wears different hats, depending on who’s asking. A visiting lecturer in the Architecture Department of Universitas Indonesia, he is also a part of the artists’ collective ruangrupa, with whom he co-curated TRANSaction: Sonsbeek 2016 in Arnhem, The Netherlands. Currently, ruangrupa serves as the first collective artistic director for documenta for its fifteenth edition in Kassel in 2022.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Marcellina Dwi Kencana Putri is the manager of Gudskul. She studied International Relations and has a post-graduate degree in Cultural Anthropology. Previously, she was a producer in Studio Batu, a Yogyakarta-based collective and served as a co-curator for OK. Pangan, Media Art Festival in 2017, where she found her main interest in food. She has never been able to resist having a dessert after a meal and finds cooking a therapeutic way to keep her sanity intact.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Jaimes Mayhew is an interdisciplinary artist whose work is collaborative, and based in his interests of land use, speculative futures, and queer ecology. Mayhew’s work has been shown nationally and internationally, and he has received awards and grants from the Fulbright Commission of Iceland, Saul Zaentz Innovation Fund, The Contemporary Baltimore’s Grit Fund, The Maryland State Arts Council, and the Baltimore Museum of Art and Provisions Library. Mayhew’s collaborative and solo work has been shown at Baltimore Museum of Art, Eyebeam in New York City, Mass MoCa in Massachusetts, Conflux Festival in Brooklyn, Chapel of St. Cecilia in Brooklyn, New York, This Is Not a Gateway in London, 808 Gallery in Boston, Transmodern Festival in Baltimore, Goucher College in Baltimore, George Mason University in Fairfax, and Hoffmannsgallerí Reykjavík in Iceland among others. Mayhew lives in Baltimore and teaches at American University in Washington, DC.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Joseph Kunkel, a citizen of the Northern Cheyenne Nation, is a Principal at MASS Design Group, where he directs the Sustainable Native Communities Design Lab based in Santa Fe, New Mexico. He is a community designer and educator, focused on sustainable development practices throughout Indian Country. His work includes exemplary Indian housing projects and processes nationwide. This research work has developed into emerging best practices, leading to an online Healthy Homes Road Map for tribal housing development funded by HUD’s PD&amp;amp;R Office. His professional career has centered on community-based design, material research, fabrication, and construction. In 2019 Joseph was awarded an Obama Fellowship for his work with indigenous communities. Prior to his recognition from the Obama Foundation, Joseph received a Rauschenberg SEED grant from the Robert Rauschenberg Foundation and a 2019 Creative Capital Award. Joseph is a Fellow of the inaugural class of the Civil Society Fellowship, a partnership of ADL and The Aspen Institute, and a member of the Aspen Global Leadership Network.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Michele Carlson is a multidisciplinary practitioner working across the fields of art, writing, publishing, and collective practice. She has exhibited her work nationally and has received residencies at Vermont Studio Center, Kala Art Institute, and Montalvo Center for the Arts. She is a founding member of the arts collective Related Tactics with Weston Teruya and Nathan Watson. Formed in 2015, Related Tactics works at the intersection of race and culture with projects supported by the Wexner Arts Center, San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, University of San Francisco Thacher Gallery, and Southern Exposure Gallery in San Francisco. They were recently awarded the 2020–21 Print Public residency at Kala Art Institute and the 2021 Craft Research Fund—Artist Fellowship by the Center for Craft, North Carolina. She is currently an Associate Professor of Printmaking at George Washington University.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Noah Fischer is a Brooklyn-based artist whose work intersects with politics through a practice of drawing, writing, organizing, performance, and sculpture. The Occupy Wall Street movement was key to his political understanding, questioning the inequity structured into cultural institutions through groups like Occupy Museums and Global Ultra Luxury Faction/Gulf Labor. Fischer’s writings have appeared in bills handed out at direct actions and his essays have been published in Hyperallergic, Frieze, M/E/A/N/I/N/G, Brooklyn Rail, and October. Fischer’s solo and collaborative work has been exhibited with and without invitation at Guggenheim, MoMA, Brooklyn Museum, ZKM Center for Art and Media, the 56th Venice Biennale, 7th Berlin Biennale, and 2017 Whitney Biennial. Fischer’s interest in politics is currently taking the form of writing a speculative fiction novel about direct democracy.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Risë Wilson is Paula’s daughter, Vera’s granddaughter, and Adelaide’s great-granddaughter. When her people were stolen across the Atlantic, they were dropped in Barbados and Virginia, but Wilson’s flesh was formed on the land of the Lenape, more commonly referred to as Philadelphia. Wilson is a product of the constellation of plant-magic, lies, constraints, stardust, tree-mothers, complexities, resistance, and surrender that inform Black life on this land. In 1999 she founded The Laundromat Project, an award-winning organization that connects artists and communities of color to their capacity to envision the world in which we all want to live and the skill sets to make it so. She currently serves as the Senior Advisor for the Art for Justice Fund while also planning to launch a new cultural space that combines art, activism, and healing practices. Her work in all its forms is preoccupied with dislodging herself from the bear traps of oppression so that she might help her kinfolk do the same.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Shani Peters is Co-Director and Director of Education of The Black School, and is a multidisciplinary artist based in New Orleans. She holds a BA from Michigan State University and an MFA from the City College of New York. Peters has presented work in the US and abroad at the New Museum, The Studio Museum, the Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture in Harlem, Seoul Art Space Geumcheon in South Korea, and the National Gallery of Zimbabwe in Harare. Selected residencies include those hosted by the Lower Manhattan Cultural Council, Museum of Contemporary Art Detroit, The Laundromat Project in New York City, and Project Row Houses in Texas. Her collaborative and solo work has been supported by the Mellon Foundation, Creative Capital, the Rauschenberg Foundation, Rema Hort Mann Foundation, and the Joan Mitchell Foundation. Peters is a university and museum educator, focusing her teaching at the intersection of art, design, and social change. She has been a part-time faculty at Parsons School of Design The New School, the Pratt Institute, and The City College of New York.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Joseph Cuillier III (b. 1988, New Orleans) is Co-Director and Creative Director of The Black School and is a New Orleans-based multidisciplinary artist, designer, educator, and the co-director of Black Love Fest. His work engages with textile art and fashion as Black architecture, abstraction as a technology, and Black radical pedagogy. His practice, intersecting social practice, installation, fiber, design, and education, centers on deconstructing history and creating counter narratives. He achieved an MFA from the Pratt Institute and has been a faculty member at Parsons School of Design The New School and the Pratt Institute. His work has been exhibited and presented internationally in galleries and museums, including The Studio Museum, New Museum, Bronx Museum, and MoMA Library. Cuillier has been an artist-in-residence and fellow at Sweet Water Foundation, Ideas City NOLA, Antenna, New Museum, The Laundromat Project, and A Blade of Grass.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;George Ciscle has mounted groundbreaking exhibitions, created community arts programs, and taught fine arts and humanities courses for fifty years. He trained as a sculptor, studying with Isamu Noguchi. For fifteen years he developed high-school interdisciplinary curriculum and work-study programs for the educationally disadvantaged. In 1985, he opened the George Ciscle Gallery where he promoted the careers of young and emerging artists. From 1989–96 Ciscle was the founder and director of The Contemporary, an “un-museum,” which challenges existing conventions for exhibiting art in non-traditional sites, focusing its exhibitions and outreach on connecting artists’ works with people’s everyday lives. As Curator-in-Residence at Maryland Institute College of Art from 1997–2017, he continued to develop new models for connecting art, artists, and audiences by creating the Exhibition Development Seminar, Curatorial Studies Concentration and the MFA in Curatorial Practice.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;What do the bizzare etymologies of Jean-Pierre Brisset, made-up languages for literary fiction, The Dialectic of Enlightenment, Latin grammarians, Horace’s Epodes, and the Papyrus of Ani have in common? Absolutely nothing. Yet, taken together they provide an unusually coherent picture of a hitherto unacknowledged non-tradition of linguistic investigation. At these moments, particularly within the traditions of European writing which can loosely be termed “avant-garde,” philology goes rogue, hearkening to unearthly imperatives and barely comprehended intimations, and producing results well beyond those generated by more respectable – and supposedly more grounded – philological endeavors. ‘Pataphilology: An Irreader seeks to document and analyze such moments of philological speculation, invention, and détournement.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In using the term ‘pataphilology, Gurd and van Gerven Oei are not proposing a facile analogy with ‘pataphysics, where ‘pataphilology would be philology’s wacky twin, always out for a lark, never doing anything real. This would presuppose an operation (even if parenthetical) on philology analogous to a shift from physics to ’pataphysics, something which Alfred Jarry, to whom this volume owes the latter neologism, appears to contradict in his initial definition: “Pataphysics […] is the science of that which is superinduced upon metaphysics, whether within or beyond the latter’s limitations, extending as far beyond metaphysics as the latter extends beyond physics.” Any way you cut it, ‘pataphysics is a physics that demands — or, better, that relies on — an utmost philological sensitivity to writing, unheard etymologies, unstable translations, incomplete formalizations, and haphazard decryptions. This volume seeks, then, to document how philological practices — no matter how non-standard, disreputable, or academically useless — have played a role in the production of avant-garde literature and knowledge, as well as forgotten, alternative, or fictitious scholarly projects.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ranging from the papyrus of Ani to the future languages of speculative fiction, from the fictional tablets of Armand Schwerner to the Attic Nights of Aulus Gellius, from Horace to Lacan, ’Pataphilology: An Irreader is a cabinet of philological curiosity — and a map of the ever-changing constellations that emerge when human language loses its chains.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;What do the bizzare etymologies of Jean-Pierre Brisset, made-up languages for literary fiction, The Dialectic of Enlightenment, Latin grammarians, Horace’s Epodes, and the Papyrus of Ani have in common? Absolutely nothing. Yet, taken together they provide an unusually coherent picture of a hitherto unacknowledged non-tradition of linguistic investigation. At these moments, particularly within the traditions of European writing which can loosely be termed “avant-garde,” philology goes rogue, hearkening to unearthly imperatives and barely comprehended intimations, and producing results well beyond those generated by more respectable – and supposedly more grounded – philological endeavors. ‘Pataphilology: An Irreader seeks to document and analyze such moments of philological speculation, invention, and détournement.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In using the term ‘pataphilology, Gurd and van Gerven Oei are not proposing a facile analogy with ‘pataphysics, where ‘pataphilology would be philology’s wacky twin, always out for a lark, never doing anything real. This would presuppose an operation (even if parenthetical) on philology analogous to a shift from physics to ’pataphysics, something which Alfred Jarry, to whom this volume owes the latter neologism, appears to contradict in his initial definition: “Pataphysics […] is the science of that which is superinduced upon metaphysics, whether within or beyond the latter’s limitations, extending as far beyond metaphysics as the latter extends beyond physics.” Any way you cut it, ‘pataphysics is a physics that demands — or, better, that relies on — an utmost philological sensitivity to writing, unheard etymologies, unstable translations, incomplete formalizations, and haphazard decryptions. This volume seeks, then, to document how philological practices — no matter how non-standard, disreputable, or academically useless — have played a role in the production of avant-garde literature and knowledge, as well as forgotten, alternative, or fictitious scholarly projects.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ranging from the papyrus of Ani to the future languages of speculative fiction, from the fictional tablets of Armand Schwerner to the Attic Nights of Aulus Gellius, from Horace to Lacan, ’Pataphilology: An Irreader is a cabinet of philological curiosity — and a map of the ever-changing constellations that emerge when human language loses its chains.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Preamble: The Papyrus of Ani: Egyptian Book of the Dead: A Prototype of Ekphrastic Translation of Plate 1</TitleText>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The Pataphysical premise for ekphrastic translation is sim-ple.  Meaning  (core)  is  the  epiphenomenon  of  Sign  (sur-face).  Under  the  rubric  of  this  premise,  translation  be-comes subject to the following clinamen: a swerve of translation to the level of description.  Such  an  attempt  to  establish  a  system  of  verbal  linear  cor-respondence  as  a  studied  description  of  what  is  seen  (i.e.,  by  a  treatment of hieroglyph as phenotype, hence a new code), will of necessity be partly a subjective response, cf. Tender  Buttons.  Ekphrastic  translation  liberates  the  latter  from  the  domain  of  service, of utility, into the realm of creativity. “HA HA,” doubt-lessly Bosse-de-Nage would exclaim/explain.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The Pataphysical premise for ekphrastic translation is sim-ple.  Meaning  (core)  is  the  epiphenomenon  of  Sign  (sur-face).  Under  the  rubric  of  this  premise,  translation  be-comes subject to the following clinamen: a swerve of translation to the level of description.  Such  an  attempt  to  establish  a  system  of  verbal  linear  cor-respondence  as  a  studied  description  of  what  is  seen  (i.e.,  by  a  treatment of hieroglyph as phenotype, hence a new code), will of necessity be partly a subjective response, cf. Tender  Buttons.  Ekphrastic  translation  liberates  the  latter  from  the  domain  of  service, of utility, into the realm of creativity. “HA HA,” doubt-lessly Bosse-de-Nage would exclaim/explain.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;I began to think with the word ’pataphilology around 2001, as a way of grouping a dossier of very strange texts that ranged in  date  of  origin  from  the  1860s  through  the  1990s  and  in  genre  from  avant-garde  literature  through  the  work  of  outsid-ers, hallucinators, schizophrenics, and principled refuseniks to normal  (and  normative)  language  practices.  Sometimes  these  texts  (many  of  which  are  gathered  in  the  epoch-marking  1998  anthology Imagining  Langugae, edited by Jed Rasula and Steve McCaffery)  deploy  perfectly  respectable  philological  method-ologies,  but  in  a  manner  which  leads  to  bizarre  and  even  oth-erworldly  results;  at  other  times  new  philologies  are  invented,  then deployed to produce remarkable and moving documents. Reading these works, I felt as though I had entered an alternate world  in  which  everything  I  knew  had  somehow  been  subtly  changed, where everything was itself and yet unsettlingly differ-ent at the same time.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;I began to think with the word ’pataphilology around 2001, as a way of grouping a dossier of very strange texts that ranged in  date  of  origin  from  the  1860s  through  the  1990s  and  in  genre  from  avant-garde  literature  through  the  work  of  outsid-ers, hallucinators, schizophrenics, and principled refuseniks to normal  (and  normative)  language  practices.  Sometimes  these  texts  (many  of  which  are  gathered  in  the  epoch-marking  1998  anthology Imagining  Langugae, edited by Jed Rasula and Steve McCaffery)  deploy  perfectly  respectable  philological  method-ologies,  but  in  a  manner  which  leads  to  bizarre  and  even  oth-erworldly  results;  at  other  times  new  philologies  are  invented,  then deployed to produce remarkable and moving documents. Reading these works, I felt as though I had entered an alternate world  in  which  everything  I  knew  had  somehow  been  subtly  changed, where everything was itself and yet unsettlingly differ-ent at the same time.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">The Walker and the Wake</TitleText>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This paper has two points of departure. The first is the use of  marginal  phenomena  to  elucidate  complex  core  con-ceptual  questions,  an  approach  that  has  been  used  to  good effect in a wide variety of disciplines.1 One such question is “What is language?,” where one not uncontroversial research program looks at animal behavior that arguably resembles hu-man communication (e.g., bee dances, whale songs).2 Another question—which we insist on distinguishing sharply from the former — is  “What  is a language?” By this we refer both to the determination of the place at which one language stops and an-other  begins  (e.g.,  Danish/Norwegian,  Kazakh/Kyrgyz)  and  to  the potential distinction between a language and a dialect (e.g., Hochdeutsch/Bairisch, Modern   Standard   Arabic/Maghrebi).3We confine ourselves to this latter question.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This paper has two points of departure. The first is the use of  marginal  phenomena  to  elucidate  complex  core  con-ceptual  questions,  an  approach  that  has  been  used  to  good effect in a wide variety of disciplines.1 One such question is “What is language?,” where one not uncontroversial research program looks at animal behavior that arguably resembles hu-man communication (e.g., bee dances, whale songs).2 Another question—which we insist on distinguishing sharply from the former — is  “What  is a language?” By this we refer both to the determination of the place at which one language stops and an-other  begins  (e.g.,  Danish/Norwegian,  Kazakh/Kyrgyz)  and  to  the potential distinction between a language and a dialect (e.g., Hochdeutsch/Bairisch, Modern   Standard   Arabic/Maghrebi).3We confine ourselves to this latter question.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">"On Epic Naïveté”</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Adorno’s Allegory of Philology</Subtitle>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;“On   Epic   Naïveté”   (1943)   is   a   short   but   dizzying   fragment   from   Adorno’s   “Excursus   I:   Odysseus,   or  Myth  and  Enlightenment”  that  never  found  its  way  into  the  final  version  of  The  Dialectic  of  Enlightenment.1The  fragment,  a  self-contained  essay,  is  continuous  with  the  larger  work’s  critique  of  Enlightenment  reasoning  but  is  more  focused in its approach, in addition to showcasing a hauntingly beautiful reading of epic imagery. In its methodological gambit, the essay resembles a piece of classical philology, though in the way it draws philosophical conclusions based on close readings and  on  highly  focused  Ansatzpünkte  it  more  closely  resembles  Erich Auerbach’s critical reading of Homer from the year before, “Odysseus’  Scar.”2  Perhaps  a  still  closer  parallel  stylistically  speaking would be the “parody of the philological method” that Adorno detects in Walter Benjamin’s “allegorical” philosophical writing.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;“On   Epic   Naïveté”   (1943)   is   a   short   but   dizzying   fragment   from   Adorno’s   “Excursus   I:   Odysseus,   or  Myth  and  Enlightenment”  that  never  found  its  way  into  the  final  version  of  The  Dialectic  of  Enlightenment.1The  fragment,  a  self-contained  essay,  is  continuous  with  the  larger  work’s  critique  of  Enlightenment  reasoning  but  is  more  focused in its approach, in addition to showcasing a hauntingly beautiful reading of epic imagery. In its methodological gambit, the essay resembles a piece of classical philology, though in the way it draws philosophical conclusions based on close readings and  on  highly  focused  Ansatzpünkte  it  more  closely  resembles  Erich Auerbach’s critical reading of Homer from the year before, “Odysseus’  Scar.”2  Perhaps  a  still  closer  parallel  stylistically  speaking would be the “parody of the philological method” that Adorno detects in Walter Benjamin’s “allegorical” philosophical writing.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Pataphilological Lacan</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Sean Braune</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;“What  is  ’Pataphysics?”  asks  the  cover  of  the  Ever-green Review in 1960.1 Alfred Jarry defines ’pata-physics this way: “[’]Pataphysics is the science of imaginary solutions, which symbolically attributes the proper-ties of objects, described by their virtuality, to their lineaments.”2The prefix pata, a symbiosis of meta and para, achieves a lettric instance of liminality that “extend(s) as far beyond metaphysics as the latter extends beyond physics.”3 Jarry emphasizes that the neologism ’pataphysique should be written with an apostrophe at  its  beginning  to  avoid  punning  on  the  word—puns  such  as  patte à physique, which means “the flair of physics.”4 Christian Bök details several other potential puns, such as épatée physique(“astounded physics”), pas ta physique (“not your physics”), and puns on Jarry’s iconic Father Ubu: “Ubu, for example, is a slap-stick comedian (pataud physique) of unhealthy obesity (pâteux physique),”  and  so  on.5  ’Pataphysics  emphasizes  wordplay  and  stylistic  invention  through  a  philological  aphasia  that  reveals  what is concealed within language; for this reason, it is already so closely linked to etymology and philology that, as James Zet-zel asserts, any philology is already ’pataphilology.6 Zetzel points out that according to Martianus Capella the god Mercury mar-ries a mortal woman named Philology; but he reconfigures this marriage  as  a  love  triangle,  since  Zetzel  situates  Philology  as  a  twinned being composed of both philology and ’pataphilology or “Mistress Grammar.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;“What  is  ’Pataphysics?”  asks  the  cover  of  the  Ever-green Review in 1960.1 Alfred Jarry defines ’pata-physics this way: “[’]Pataphysics is the science of imaginary solutions, which symbolically attributes the proper-ties of objects, described by their virtuality, to their lineaments.”2The prefix pata, a symbiosis of meta and para, achieves a lettric instance of liminality that “extend(s) as far beyond metaphysics as the latter extends beyond physics.”3 Jarry emphasizes that the neologism ’pataphysique should be written with an apostrophe at  its  beginning  to  avoid  punning  on  the  word—puns  such  as  patte à physique, which means “the flair of physics.”4 Christian Bök details several other potential puns, such as épatée physique(“astounded physics”), pas ta physique (“not your physics”), and puns on Jarry’s iconic Father Ubu: “Ubu, for example, is a slap-stick comedian (pataud physique) of unhealthy obesity (pâteux physique),”  and  so  on.5  ’Pataphysics  emphasizes  wordplay  and  stylistic  invention  through  a  philological  aphasia  that  reveals  what is concealed within language; for this reason, it is already so closely linked to etymology and philology that, as James Zet-zel asserts, any philology is already ’pataphilology.6 Zetzel points out that according to Martianus Capella the god Mercury mar-ries a mortal woman named Philology; but he reconfigures this marriage  as  a  love  triangle,  since  Zetzel  situates  Philology  as  a  twinned being composed of both philology and ’pataphilology or “Mistress Grammar.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Going Soft on Canidia</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">The Epodes, an Unappreciated Classic</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Paul Allen Miller</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Written  during  the  early  years  of  Augustus’s  consoli-dation  of  power  at  Rome  (the  period  sometimes,  though  misleadingly,  called  the  beginning  of  the  empire), many of Horace’s Epodes display an aggressive combi-nation  of  sexual,  political,  and  social  humor  with  connections  reaching  back  to  the  archaic  period  of  Greek  poetry.  Among  the  objects  of  invective  in  the  collection  is  a  certain  Canidia,  who  is  attacked  in  Epodes  3,  5,  and  17  (she  is  attacked,  also,  in  Satires 1.8, 2.1, and 2.8).1 In two other Epodes, 8 and 12, Horace writes about his own impotence, caused, he says, by the agency of an unnamed old woman (anus). I suggest that this anus can be associated with Canidia. If that’s true, the consequence is that Epodes 3, 5, 8, 12, and 17 make a single sequence in which attacks on the putative other are inseparable from confessions of impo-tence, both sexual and otherwise. Canidia, the ultimate target of Horace’s iambic venom,2 is not the symbol of his poetic power (as Lycambes is for Archilochus and Bupalus for Hipponax) so much  as  the  ironic  reflection  of  his  powerlessness  —  symbol-ized, here, by his castration.3 The collection ends with Horace’s sudden surrender to the superior power of Canidia’s mala car-mina and  her  declaration  that  she  will  not  refrain  from  tak-ing  her  vengeance  lest  all  her  power  be  held  in  vain  (17.37–41,  74–81).  This  network  of  associations,  in  turn,  extends  beyond  the series to the other poems in the collection, which are linked to it through a variety of textual and thematic echoes as well as through direct juxtaposition.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Written  during  the  early  years  of  Augustus’s  consoli-dation  of  power  at  Rome  (the  period  sometimes,  though  misleadingly,  called  the  beginning  of  the  empire), many of Horace’s Epodes display an aggressive combi-nation  of  sexual,  political,  and  social  humor  with  connections  reaching  back  to  the  archaic  period  of  Greek  poetry.  Among  the  objects  of  invective  in  the  collection  is  a  certain  Canidia,  who  is  attacked  in  Epodes  3,  5,  and  17  (she  is  attacked,  also,  in  Satires 1.8, 2.1, and 2.8).1 In two other Epodes, 8 and 12, Horace writes about his own impotence, caused, he says, by the agency of an unnamed old woman (anus). I suggest that this anus can be associated with Canidia. If that’s true, the consequence is that Epodes 3, 5, 8, 12, and 17 make a single sequence in which attacks on the putative other are inseparable from confessions of impo-tence, both sexual and otherwise. Canidia, the ultimate target of Horace’s iambic venom,2 is not the symbol of his poetic power (as Lycambes is for Archilochus and Bupalus for Hipponax) so much  as  the  ironic  reflection  of  his  powerlessness  —  symbol-ized, here, by his castration.3 The collection ends with Horace’s sudden surrender to the superior power of Canidia’s mala car-mina and  her  declaration  that  she  will  not  refrain  from  tak-ing  her  vengeance  lest  all  her  power  be  held  in  vain  (17.37–41,  74–81).  This  network  of  associations,  in  turn,  extends  beyond  the series to the other poems in the collection, which are linked to it through a variety of textual and thematic echoes as well as through direct juxtaposition.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">The Paraphilologist as 'Pataphysician</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Erik Gunderson</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This volume is predicated on the notion that ’pataphysics constitutes the avant-garde destiny of a doomed conserv-ative metaphysics. A conservative metaphysics fetishizes “the  rule  of  the  rule.”  ’Pataphysics  relishes  in  such  a  phrase  only the logic-cleaving of a sideways-splitting pun: “how many inches in a ruler, my liege?” And, as a lover of puns, ’pataphys-ics is just getting started precisely where one had been asked to end. When wearing his or her outlandish grammatical hat, the ’pataphysicist  become  ’pataphilologist—or  is  it  the  other  way  around, I forget—oversees the emancipation of logos in a paral-lel revolutionary moment. This revolt upends the dour hegem-ony  of  generalities  in  the  name  of  a  mass  uprising  of  laughing  particularities. The  consonance  of  physis  and  logos  was  always  a  key  meta-physical gambit in the west. Shifts in the one domain affect the other because the two are different aspects of the same under-lying unity. The “natural reasonableness” of the world, its con-tents, and human conventions alike has long been “axiomatic.” And many have set themselves up as guardians of this obvious-ness, guardians who will never acknowledge that there might be anything ill-fitted about the world.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This volume is predicated on the notion that ’pataphysics constitutes the avant-garde destiny of a doomed conserv-ative metaphysics. A conservative metaphysics fetishizes “the  rule  of  the  rule.”  ’Pataphysics  relishes  in  such  a  phrase  only the logic-cleaving of a sideways-splitting pun: “how many inches in a ruler, my liege?” And, as a lover of puns, ’pataphys-ics is just getting started precisely where one had been asked to end. When wearing his or her outlandish grammatical hat, the ’pataphysicist  become  ’pataphilologist—or  is  it  the  other  way  around, I forget—oversees the emancipation of logos in a paral-lel revolutionary moment. This revolt upends the dour hegem-ony  of  generalities  in  the  name  of  a  mass  uprising  of  laughing  particularities. The  consonance  of  physis  and  logos  was  always  a  key  meta-physical gambit in the west. Shifts in the one domain affect the other because the two are different aspects of the same under-lying unity. The “natural reasonableness” of the world, its con-tents, and human conventions alike has long been “axiomatic.” And many have set themselves up as guardians of this obvious-ness, guardians who will never acknowledge that there might be anything ill-fitted about the world.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;What do the bizzare etymologies of Jean-Pierre Brisset, made-up languages for literary fiction, The Dialectic of Enlightenment, Latin grammarians, Horace’s Epodes, and the Papyrus of Ani have in common? Absolutely nothing. Yet, taken together they provide an unusually coherent picture of a hitherto unacknowledged non-tradition of linguistic investigation. At these moments, particularly within the traditions of European writing which can loosely be termed “avant-garde,” philology goes rogue, hearkening to unearthly imperatives and barely comprehended intimations, and producing results well beyond those generated by more respectable – and supposedly more grounded – philological endeavors. ‘Pataphilology: An Irreader seeks to document and analyze such moments of philological speculation, invention, and détournement.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In using the term ‘pataphilology, Gurd and van Gerven Oei are not proposing a facile analogy with ‘pataphysics, where ‘pataphilology would be philology’s wacky twin, always out for a lark, never doing anything real. This would presuppose an operation (even if parenthetical) on philology analogous to a shift from physics to ’pataphysics, something which Alfred Jarry, to whom this volume owes the latter neologism, appears to contradict in his initial definition: “Pataphysics […] is the science of that which is superinduced upon metaphysics, whether within or beyond the latter’s limitations, extending as far beyond metaphysics as the latter extends beyond physics.” Any way you cut it, ‘pataphysics is a physics that demands — or, better, that relies on — an utmost philological sensitivity to writing, unheard etymologies, unstable translations, incomplete formalizations, and haphazard decryptions. This volume seeks, then, to document how philological practices — no matter how non-standard, disreputable, or academically useless — have played a role in the production of avant-garde literature and knowledge, as well as forgotten, alternative, or fictitious scholarly projects.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ranging from the papyrus of Ani to the future languages of speculative fiction, from the fictional tablets of Armand Schwerner to the Attic Nights of Aulus Gellius, from Horace to Lacan, ’Pataphilology: An Irreader is a cabinet of philological curiosity — and a map of the ever-changing constellations that emerge when human language loses its chains.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;What do the bizzare etymologies of Jean-Pierre Brisset, made-up languages for literary fiction, The Dialectic of Enlightenment, Latin grammarians, Horace’s Epodes, and the Papyrus of Ani have in common? Absolutely nothing. Yet, taken together they provide an unusually coherent picture of a hitherto unacknowledged non-tradition of linguistic investigation. At these moments, particularly within the traditions of European writing which can loosely be termed “avant-garde,” philology goes rogue, hearkening to unearthly imperatives and barely comprehended intimations, and producing results well beyond those generated by more respectable – and supposedly more grounded – philological endeavors. ‘Pataphilology: An Irreader seeks to document and analyze such moments of philological speculation, invention, and détournement.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In using the term ‘pataphilology, Gurd and van Gerven Oei are not proposing a facile analogy with ‘pataphysics, where ‘pataphilology would be philology’s wacky twin, always out for a lark, never doing anything real. This would presuppose an operation (even if parenthetical) on philology analogous to a shift from physics to ’pataphysics, something which Alfred Jarry, to whom this volume owes the latter neologism, appears to contradict in his initial definition: “Pataphysics […] is the science of that which is superinduced upon metaphysics, whether within or beyond the latter’s limitations, extending as far beyond metaphysics as the latter extends beyond physics.” Any way you cut it, ‘pataphysics is a physics that demands — or, better, that relies on — an utmost philological sensitivity to writing, unheard etymologies, unstable translations, incomplete formalizations, and haphazard decryptions. This volume seeks, then, to document how philological practices — no matter how non-standard, disreputable, or academically useless — have played a role in the production of avant-garde literature and knowledge, as well as forgotten, alternative, or fictitious scholarly projects.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ranging from the papyrus of Ani to the future languages of speculative fiction, from the fictional tablets of Armand Schwerner to the Attic Nights of Aulus Gellius, from Horace to Lacan, ’Pataphilology: An Irreader is a cabinet of philological curiosity — and a map of the ever-changing constellations that emerge when human language loses its chains.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The Pataphysical premise for ekphrastic translation is sim-ple.  Meaning  (core)  is  the  epiphenomenon  of  Sign  (sur-face).  Under  the  rubric  of  this  premise,  translation  be-comes subject to the following clinamen: a swerve of translation to the level of description.  Such  an  attempt  to  establish  a  system  of  verbal  linear  cor-respondence  as  a  studied  description  of  what  is  seen  (i.e.,  by  a  treatment of hieroglyph as phenotype, hence a new code), will of necessity be partly a subjective response, cf. Tender  Buttons.  Ekphrastic  translation  liberates  the  latter  from  the  domain  of  service, of utility, into the realm of creativity. “HA HA,” doubt-lessly Bosse-de-Nage would exclaim/explain.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The Pataphysical premise for ekphrastic translation is sim-ple.  Meaning  (core)  is  the  epiphenomenon  of  Sign  (sur-face).  Under  the  rubric  of  this  premise,  translation  be-comes subject to the following clinamen: a swerve of translation to the level of description.  Such  an  attempt  to  establish  a  system  of  verbal  linear  cor-respondence  as  a  studied  description  of  what  is  seen  (i.e.,  by  a  treatment of hieroglyph as phenotype, hence a new code), will of necessity be partly a subjective response, cf. Tender  Buttons.  Ekphrastic  translation  liberates  the  latter  from  the  domain  of  service, of utility, into the realm of creativity. “HA HA,” doubt-lessly Bosse-de-Nage would exclaim/explain.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;I began to think with the word ’pataphilology around 2001, as a way of grouping a dossier of very strange texts that ranged in  date  of  origin  from  the  1860s  through  the  1990s  and  in  genre  from  avant-garde  literature  through  the  work  of  outsid-ers, hallucinators, schizophrenics, and principled refuseniks to normal  (and  normative)  language  practices.  Sometimes  these  texts  (many  of  which  are  gathered  in  the  epoch-marking  1998  anthology Imagining  Langugae, edited by Jed Rasula and Steve McCaffery)  deploy  perfectly  respectable  philological  method-ologies,  but  in  a  manner  which  leads  to  bizarre  and  even  oth-erworldly  results;  at  other  times  new  philologies  are  invented,  then deployed to produce remarkable and moving documents. Reading these works, I felt as though I had entered an alternate world  in  which  everything  I  knew  had  somehow  been  subtly  changed, where everything was itself and yet unsettlingly differ-ent at the same time.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;I began to think with the word ’pataphilology around 2001, as a way of grouping a dossier of very strange texts that ranged in  date  of  origin  from  the  1860s  through  the  1990s  and  in  genre  from  avant-garde  literature  through  the  work  of  outsid-ers, hallucinators, schizophrenics, and principled refuseniks to normal  (and  normative)  language  practices.  Sometimes  these  texts  (many  of  which  are  gathered  in  the  epoch-marking  1998  anthology Imagining  Langugae, edited by Jed Rasula and Steve McCaffery)  deploy  perfectly  respectable  philological  method-ologies,  but  in  a  manner  which  leads  to  bizarre  and  even  oth-erworldly  results;  at  other  times  new  philologies  are  invented,  then deployed to produce remarkable and moving documents. Reading these works, I felt as though I had entered an alternate world  in  which  everything  I  knew  had  somehow  been  subtly  changed, where everything was itself and yet unsettlingly differ-ent at the same time.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">The Walker and the Wake</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Analysis of Non-Intrinsic Philological Isolates</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Michael D. Gordin</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>Princeton University</Affiliation>
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          <PersonName>Joshua T. Katz</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>Princeton University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This paper has two points of departure. The first is the use of  marginal  phenomena  to  elucidate  complex  core  con-ceptual  questions,  an  approach  that  has  been  used  to  good effect in a wide variety of disciplines.1 One such question is “What is language?,” where one not uncontroversial research program looks at animal behavior that arguably resembles hu-man communication (e.g., bee dances, whale songs).2 Another question—which we insist on distinguishing sharply from the former — is  “What  is a language?” By this we refer both to the determination of the place at which one language stops and an-other  begins  (e.g.,  Danish/Norwegian,  Kazakh/Kyrgyz)  and  to  the potential distinction between a language and a dialect (e.g., Hochdeutsch/Bairisch, Modern   Standard   Arabic/Maghrebi).3We confine ourselves to this latter question.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This paper has two points of departure. The first is the use of  marginal  phenomena  to  elucidate  complex  core  con-ceptual  questions,  an  approach  that  has  been  used  to  good effect in a wide variety of disciplines.1 One such question is “What is language?,” where one not uncontroversial research program looks at animal behavior that arguably resembles hu-man communication (e.g., bee dances, whale songs).2 Another question—which we insist on distinguishing sharply from the former — is  “What  is a language?” By this we refer both to the determination of the place at which one language stops and an-other  begins  (e.g.,  Danish/Norwegian,  Kazakh/Kyrgyz)  and  to  the potential distinction between a language and a dialect (e.g., Hochdeutsch/Bairisch, Modern   Standard   Arabic/Maghrebi).3We confine ourselves to this latter question.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Gordin, Michael D.</PersonName>
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          <CopyrightOwner>
            <PersonName>Katz, Joshua T.</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">"On Epic Naïveté”</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Adorno’s Allegory of Philology</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>James I. Porter</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>University of California, Berkeley</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;“On   Epic   Naïveté”   (1943)   is   a   short   but   dizzying   fragment   from   Adorno’s   “Excursus   I:   Odysseus,   or  Myth  and  Enlightenment”  that  never  found  its  way  into  the  final  version  of  The  Dialectic  of  Enlightenment.1The  fragment,  a  self-contained  essay,  is  continuous  with  the  larger  work’s  critique  of  Enlightenment  reasoning  but  is  more  focused in its approach, in addition to showcasing a hauntingly beautiful reading of epic imagery. In its methodological gambit, the essay resembles a piece of classical philology, though in the way it draws philosophical conclusions based on close readings and  on  highly  focused  Ansatzpünkte  it  more  closely  resembles  Erich Auerbach’s critical reading of Homer from the year before, “Odysseus’  Scar.”2  Perhaps  a  still  closer  parallel  stylistically  speaking would be the “parody of the philological method” that Adorno detects in Walter Benjamin’s “allegorical” philosophical writing.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;“On   Epic   Naïveté”   (1943)   is   a   short   but   dizzying   fragment   from   Adorno’s   “Excursus   I:   Odysseus,   or  Myth  and  Enlightenment”  that  never  found  its  way  into  the  final  version  of  The  Dialectic  of  Enlightenment.1The  fragment,  a  self-contained  essay,  is  continuous  with  the  larger  work’s  critique  of  Enlightenment  reasoning  but  is  more  focused in its approach, in addition to showcasing a hauntingly beautiful reading of epic imagery. In its methodological gambit, the essay resembles a piece of classical philology, though in the way it draws philosophical conclusions based on close readings and  on  highly  focused  Ansatzpünkte  it  more  closely  resembles  Erich Auerbach’s critical reading of Homer from the year before, “Odysseus’  Scar.”2  Perhaps  a  still  closer  parallel  stylistically  speaking would be the “parody of the philological method” that Adorno detects in Walter Benjamin’s “allegorical” philosophical writing.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <PersonName>Porter, James I.</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Pataphilological Lacan</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Sean Braune</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;“What  is  ’Pataphysics?”  asks  the  cover  of  the  Ever-green Review in 1960.1 Alfred Jarry defines ’pata-physics this way: “[’]Pataphysics is the science of imaginary solutions, which symbolically attributes the proper-ties of objects, described by their virtuality, to their lineaments.”2The prefix pata, a symbiosis of meta and para, achieves a lettric instance of liminality that “extend(s) as far beyond metaphysics as the latter extends beyond physics.”3 Jarry emphasizes that the neologism ’pataphysique should be written with an apostrophe at  its  beginning  to  avoid  punning  on  the  word—puns  such  as  patte à physique, which means “the flair of physics.”4 Christian Bök details several other potential puns, such as épatée physique(“astounded physics”), pas ta physique (“not your physics”), and puns on Jarry’s iconic Father Ubu: “Ubu, for example, is a slap-stick comedian (pataud physique) of unhealthy obesity (pâteux physique),”  and  so  on.5  ’Pataphysics  emphasizes  wordplay  and  stylistic  invention  through  a  philological  aphasia  that  reveals  what is concealed within language; for this reason, it is already so closely linked to etymology and philology that, as James Zet-zel asserts, any philology is already ’pataphilology.6 Zetzel points out that according to Martianus Capella the god Mercury mar-ries a mortal woman named Philology; but he reconfigures this marriage  as  a  love  triangle,  since  Zetzel  situates  Philology  as  a  twinned being composed of both philology and ’pataphilology or “Mistress Grammar.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;“What  is  ’Pataphysics?”  asks  the  cover  of  the  Ever-green Review in 1960.1 Alfred Jarry defines ’pata-physics this way: “[’]Pataphysics is the science of imaginary solutions, which symbolically attributes the proper-ties of objects, described by their virtuality, to their lineaments.”2The prefix pata, a symbiosis of meta and para, achieves a lettric instance of liminality that “extend(s) as far beyond metaphysics as the latter extends beyond physics.”3 Jarry emphasizes that the neologism ’pataphysique should be written with an apostrophe at  its  beginning  to  avoid  punning  on  the  word—puns  such  as  patte à physique, which means “the flair of physics.”4 Christian Bök details several other potential puns, such as épatée physique(“astounded physics”), pas ta physique (“not your physics”), and puns on Jarry’s iconic Father Ubu: “Ubu, for example, is a slap-stick comedian (pataud physique) of unhealthy obesity (pâteux physique),”  and  so  on.5  ’Pataphysics  emphasizes  wordplay  and  stylistic  invention  through  a  philological  aphasia  that  reveals  what is concealed within language; for this reason, it is already so closely linked to etymology and philology that, as James Zet-zel asserts, any philology is already ’pataphilology.6 Zetzel points out that according to Martianus Capella the god Mercury mar-ries a mortal woman named Philology; but he reconfigures this marriage  as  a  love  triangle,  since  Zetzel  situates  Philology  as  a  twinned being composed of both philology and ’pataphilology or “Mistress Grammar.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Braune, Sean</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Going Soft on Canidia</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">The Epodes, an Unappreciated Classic</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Paul Allen Miller</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Paul Allen</NamesBeforeKey>
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            </AffiliationIdentifier>
            <Affiliation>University of South Carolina</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Written  during  the  early  years  of  Augustus’s  consoli-dation  of  power  at  Rome  (the  period  sometimes,  though  misleadingly,  called  the  beginning  of  the  empire), many of Horace’s Epodes display an aggressive combi-nation  of  sexual,  political,  and  social  humor  with  connections  reaching  back  to  the  archaic  period  of  Greek  poetry.  Among  the  objects  of  invective  in  the  collection  is  a  certain  Canidia,  who  is  attacked  in  Epodes  3,  5,  and  17  (she  is  attacked,  also,  in  Satires 1.8, 2.1, and 2.8).1 In two other Epodes, 8 and 12, Horace writes about his own impotence, caused, he says, by the agency of an unnamed old woman (anus). I suggest that this anus can be associated with Canidia. If that’s true, the consequence is that Epodes 3, 5, 8, 12, and 17 make a single sequence in which attacks on the putative other are inseparable from confessions of impo-tence, both sexual and otherwise. Canidia, the ultimate target of Horace’s iambic venom,2 is not the symbol of his poetic power (as Lycambes is for Archilochus and Bupalus for Hipponax) so much  as  the  ironic  reflection  of  his  powerlessness  —  symbol-ized, here, by his castration.3 The collection ends with Horace’s sudden surrender to the superior power of Canidia’s mala car-mina and  her  declaration  that  she  will  not  refrain  from  tak-ing  her  vengeance  lest  all  her  power  be  held  in  vain  (17.37–41,  74–81).  This  network  of  associations,  in  turn,  extends  beyond  the series to the other poems in the collection, which are linked to it through a variety of textual and thematic echoes as well as through direct juxtaposition.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Written  during  the  early  years  of  Augustus’s  consoli-dation  of  power  at  Rome  (the  period  sometimes,  though  misleadingly,  called  the  beginning  of  the  empire), many of Horace’s Epodes display an aggressive combi-nation  of  sexual,  political,  and  social  humor  with  connections  reaching  back  to  the  archaic  period  of  Greek  poetry.  Among  the  objects  of  invective  in  the  collection  is  a  certain  Canidia,  who  is  attacked  in  Epodes  3,  5,  and  17  (she  is  attacked,  also,  in  Satires 1.8, 2.1, and 2.8).1 In two other Epodes, 8 and 12, Horace writes about his own impotence, caused, he says, by the agency of an unnamed old woman (anus). I suggest that this anus can be associated with Canidia. If that’s true, the consequence is that Epodes 3, 5, 8, 12, and 17 make a single sequence in which attacks on the putative other are inseparable from confessions of impo-tence, both sexual and otherwise. Canidia, the ultimate target of Horace’s iambic venom,2 is not the symbol of his poetic power (as Lycambes is for Archilochus and Bupalus for Hipponax) so much  as  the  ironic  reflection  of  his  powerlessness  —  symbol-ized, here, by his castration.3 The collection ends with Horace’s sudden surrender to the superior power of Canidia’s mala car-mina and  her  declaration  that  she  will  not  refrain  from  tak-ing  her  vengeance  lest  all  her  power  be  held  in  vain  (17.37–41,  74–81).  This  network  of  associations,  in  turn,  extends  beyond  the series to the other poems in the collection, which are linked to it through a variety of textual and thematic echoes as well as through direct juxtaposition.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Miller, Paul Allen</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">The Paraphilologist as 'Pataphysician</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Erik Gunderson</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>University of Toronto</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This volume is predicated on the notion that ’pataphysics constitutes the avant-garde destiny of a doomed conserv-ative metaphysics. A conservative metaphysics fetishizes “the  rule  of  the  rule.”  ’Pataphysics  relishes  in  such  a  phrase  only the logic-cleaving of a sideways-splitting pun: “how many inches in a ruler, my liege?” And, as a lover of puns, ’pataphys-ics is just getting started precisely where one had been asked to end. When wearing his or her outlandish grammatical hat, the ’pataphysicist  become  ’pataphilologist—or  is  it  the  other  way  around, I forget—oversees the emancipation of logos in a paral-lel revolutionary moment. This revolt upends the dour hegem-ony  of  generalities  in  the  name  of  a  mass  uprising  of  laughing  particularities. The  consonance  of  physis  and  logos  was  always  a  key  meta-physical gambit in the west. Shifts in the one domain affect the other because the two are different aspects of the same under-lying unity. The “natural reasonableness” of the world, its con-tents, and human conventions alike has long been “axiomatic.” And many have set themselves up as guardians of this obvious-ness, guardians who will never acknowledge that there might be anything ill-fitted about the world.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This volume is predicated on the notion that ’pataphysics constitutes the avant-garde destiny of a doomed conserv-ative metaphysics. A conservative metaphysics fetishizes “the  rule  of  the  rule.”  ’Pataphysics  relishes  in  such  a  phrase  only the logic-cleaving of a sideways-splitting pun: “how many inches in a ruler, my liege?” And, as a lover of puns, ’pataphys-ics is just getting started precisely where one had been asked to end. When wearing his or her outlandish grammatical hat, the ’pataphysicist  become  ’pataphilologist—or  is  it  the  other  way  around, I forget—oversees the emancipation of logos in a paral-lel revolutionary moment. This revolt upends the dour hegem-ony  of  generalities  in  the  name  of  a  mass  uprising  of  laughing  particularities. The  consonance  of  physis  and  logos  was  always  a  key  meta-physical gambit in the west. Shifts in the one domain affect the other because the two are different aspects of the same under-lying unity. The “natural reasonableness” of the world, its con-tents, and human conventions alike has long been “axiomatic.” And many have set themselves up as guardians of this obvious-ness, guardians who will never acknowledge that there might be anything ill-fitted about the world.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Backmatter</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Sean Gurd</PersonName>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Enrique Dussel is considered one of the founding philosophers of liberation in the Latin American tradition, an influential arm of what is now called decoloniality. While he is astoundingly prolific, relatively few of his works can be found in English translation — and none of these focus specifically on education. Founding members of the Latin American Philosophy of Education Society David I. Backer and Cecilia Diego bring to us Dussel’s The Pedagogics of Liberation: A Latin American Philosophy of Education, the first English translation of Dussel’s thinking on education, and also the first translation of any part of his landmark multi-volume work Towards an Ethics of Latin American Liberation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Dussel’s ouevre is an impressive intellectual mosaic that uses Europeans to disrupt European thinking. This mosaic has at its center French philosopher Emmanuel Levinas, but also includes Ancient Greek philosophy, Thomist theology, modern Enlightenment philosophy, analytic philosophy of language, Marxism, psychoanalysis (Freud, Klein, evolutionary psychology, neuroscience), phenomenology (Sartre, Heidegger, Husserl, Hegel), critical theory (Frankfurt School, Habermas), and linguistics. Dussel joins these traditions to Latin American history, literature, and philosophy, specifically the work of Octavio Paz, Ivan Illich, and the philosophers of liberation whom Dussel studied with in Argentina before his exile to Mexico in the late 1970s.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Drawing heavily from the ethics of Levinas, Dussel examines the dominating and liberating features of intimate, concrete, and observable interactions between different kinds of people who might sit down and have face-to-face encounters, specifically where there may be an inequality of knowledge and a responsibility to guide, teach, learn, care, or study: teacher–student, politician–citizen, doctor–patient, philosopher–nonphilosopher, and so on. Those occupying the superior position of these face-to-face encounters (teachers, politicians, doctors, philosophers) have a clear choice for Dussel when it comes to their pedagogics. They are either open to hearing the voice of the Other, disrupting their sense of what is and should be by a newness beyond what they know; or, following the dominant pedagogics, they can try to communicate and instruct their sense of what is and should be (which Dussel, in a Latin American context, associates with dominant cultures) to the (supposed) tabula rasas in their charge. Dussel calls that sense of what is and should be “lo Mismo.” [The French in Levinas is “le Même,” and Backer and Diego have translated Dussel’s “lo Mismo” as “the Same.”]&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This groundbreaking translation makes possible a face-to-face encounter between an Anglo Philosophy of Education and Latin American Pedagogics. “Pedagogics” should be considered as a type of philosophical inquiry alongside ethics, economics, and politics. Dussel’s pedagogics is a decolonizing pedagogics, one rooted in the philosophy of liberation he has spent his epic career articulating. With an Introduction by renowned philosopher Linda Martin Alcoff, this book adds an essential voice to our conversations about teaching, learning, and studying, as well as critical theory in general.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Enrique Dussel is considered one of the founding philosophers of liberation in the Latin American tradition, an influential arm of what is now called decoloniality. While he is astoundingly prolific, relatively few of his works can be found in English translation — and none of these focus specifically on education. Founding members of the Latin American Philosophy of Education Society David I. Backer and Cecilia Diego bring to us Dussel’s The Pedagogics of Liberation: A Latin American Philosophy of Education, the first English translation of Dussel’s thinking on education, and also the first translation of any part of his landmark multi-volume work Towards an Ethics of Latin American Liberation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Dussel’s ouevre is an impressive intellectual mosaic that uses Europeans to disrupt European thinking. This mosaic has at its center French philosopher Emmanuel Levinas, but also includes Ancient Greek philosophy, Thomist theology, modern Enlightenment philosophy, analytic philosophy of language, Marxism, psychoanalysis (Freud, Klein, evolutionary psychology, neuroscience), phenomenology (Sartre, Heidegger, Husserl, Hegel), critical theory (Frankfurt School, Habermas), and linguistics. Dussel joins these traditions to Latin American history, literature, and philosophy, specifically the work of Octavio Paz, Ivan Illich, and the philosophers of liberation whom Dussel studied with in Argentina before his exile to Mexico in the late 1970s.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Drawing heavily from the ethics of Levinas, Dussel examines the dominating and liberating features of intimate, concrete, and observable interactions between different kinds of people who might sit down and have face-to-face encounters, specifically where there may be an inequality of knowledge and a responsibility to guide, teach, learn, care, or study: teacher–student, politician–citizen, doctor–patient, philosopher–nonphilosopher, and so on. Those occupying the superior position of these face-to-face encounters (teachers, politicians, doctors, philosophers) have a clear choice for Dussel when it comes to their pedagogics. They are either open to hearing the voice of the Other, disrupting their sense of what is and should be by a newness beyond what they know; or, following the dominant pedagogics, they can try to communicate and instruct their sense of what is and should be (which Dussel, in a Latin American context, associates with dominant cultures) to the (supposed) tabula rasas in their charge. Dussel calls that sense of what is and should be “lo Mismo.” [The French in Levinas is “le Même,” and Backer and Diego have translated Dussel’s “lo Mismo” as “the Same.”]&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This groundbreaking translation makes possible a face-to-face encounter between an Anglo Philosophy of Education and Latin American Pedagogics. “Pedagogics” should be considered as a type of philosophical inquiry alongside ethics, economics, and politics. Dussel’s pedagogics is a decolonizing pedagogics, one rooted in the philosophy of liberation he has spent his epic career articulating. With an Introduction by renowned philosopher Linda Martin Alcoff, this book adds an essential voice to our conversations about teaching, learning, and studying, as well as critical theory in general.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Enrique Dussel is considered one of the founding philosophers of liberation in the Latin American tradition, an influential arm of what is now called decoloniality. While he is astoundingly prolific, relatively few of his works can be found in English translation — and none of these focus specifically on education. Founding members of the Latin American Philosophy of Education Society David I. Backer and Cecilia Diego bring to us Dussel’s The Pedagogics of Liberation: A Latin American Philosophy of Education, the first English translation of Dussel’s thinking on education, and also the first translation of any part of his landmark multi-volume work Towards an Ethics of Latin American Liberation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Dussel’s ouevre is an impressive intellectual mosaic that uses Europeans to disrupt European thinking. This mosaic has at its center French philosopher Emmanuel Levinas, but also includes Ancient Greek philosophy, Thomist theology, modern Enlightenment philosophy, analytic philosophy of language, Marxism, psychoanalysis (Freud, Klein, evolutionary psychology, neuroscience), phenomenology (Sartre, Heidegger, Husserl, Hegel), critical theory (Frankfurt School, Habermas), and linguistics. Dussel joins these traditions to Latin American history, literature, and philosophy, specifically the work of Octavio Paz, Ivan Illich, and the philosophers of liberation whom Dussel studied with in Argentina before his exile to Mexico in the late 1970s.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Drawing heavily from the ethics of Levinas, Dussel examines the dominating and liberating features of intimate, concrete, and observable interactions between different kinds of people who might sit down and have face-to-face encounters, specifically where there may be an inequality of knowledge and a responsibility to guide, teach, learn, care, or study: teacher–student, politician–citizen, doctor–patient, philosopher–nonphilosopher, and so on. Those occupying the superior position of these face-to-face encounters (teachers, politicians, doctors, philosophers) have a clear choice for Dussel when it comes to their pedagogics. They are either open to hearing the voice of the Other, disrupting their sense of what is and should be by a newness beyond what they know; or, following the dominant pedagogics, they can try to communicate and instruct their sense of what is and should be (which Dussel, in a Latin American context, associates with dominant cultures) to the (supposed) tabula rasas in their charge. Dussel calls that sense of what is and should be “lo Mismo.” [The French in Levinas is “le Même,” and Backer and Diego have translated Dussel’s “lo Mismo” as “the Same.”]&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This groundbreaking translation makes possible a face-to-face encounter between an Anglo Philosophy of Education and Latin American Pedagogics. “Pedagogics” should be considered as a type of philosophical inquiry alongside ethics, economics, and politics. Dussel’s pedagogics is a decolonizing pedagogics, one rooted in the philosophy of liberation he has spent his epic career articulating. With an Introduction by renowned philosopher Linda Martin Alcoff, this book adds an essential voice to our conversations about teaching, learning, and studying, as well as critical theory in general.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Dear friends,Hereby  I  would  like  to  welcome  you,  with  great  gratitude,  to  the  first  conference,  en-titled  “Pedagogies  of  Disaster,”  organized  and  hosted  by  online  academic  journal  con-tinent.  and  the  Departamenti  i  shqiponjave.  I  hope  you  will  allow  me  a  few  opening  words before passing the microphone to Christopher Fynsk, who will inaugurate this conference with an opening address.When I signed the funding contract with soros, one of the main sponsors of this conference, I signed under the condition that this conference would not engage in what is  called  “lobbying.”  Lobbying,  according  to  the  definition  that  was  presented  to  me,  means “certain efforts to influence legislation.” Without engaging in a thorough decon-structive reading of what such “certain efforts” may mean in the context of a conference dedicated to thinking through the current predicament of pedagogical practices in the humanities and philosophy in specific, I would like to share a short observation with you.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Dear friends,Hereby  I  would  like  to  welcome  you,  with  great  gratitude,  to  the  first  conference,  en-titled  “Pedagogies  of  Disaster,”  organized  and  hosted  by  online  academic  journal  con-tinent.  and  the  Departamenti  i  shqiponjave.  I  hope  you  will  allow  me  a  few  opening  words before passing the microphone to Christopher Fynsk, who will inaugurate this conference with an opening address.When I signed the funding contract with soros, one of the main sponsors of this conference, I signed under the condition that this conference would not engage in what is  called  “lobbying.”  Lobbying,  according  to  the  definition  that  was  presented  to  me,  means “certain efforts to influence legislation.” Without engaging in a thorough decon-structive reading of what such “certain efforts” may mean in the context of a conference dedicated to thinking through the current predicament of pedagogical practices in the humanities and philosophy in specific, I would like to share a short observation with you.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Të dashur miq, Më lejoni t’ju uroj mirëseardhjen, me mirënjohjen time më të thellë, tek konferenca e parë  e  organizuar  nga  revista  akademike  continent.  dhe  “Departamenti  i  shqiponjave,”  e titulluar “Pedagogjitë e shkatërrimit.” Shpresoj të më lejoni dy fjalë para se t’ia kaloj mikrofonin Kristofer Finskut, që ka për ta çelur këtë konferencë.Kur nënshkrova kontratën me soros-in, një nga sponsorët kryesorë të kësaj konfe-rence, nënshkrova me kushtin se kjo konferencë nuk do të angazhohej në atë që quhet “lobim.” Lobimi, sipas përkufizimit që më paraqitën, nënkupton “përpjekje të caktuara për të ndikuar mbi legjislacionin.” Pa dashur t’i futem një leximi të imët çndërtues mbi atë që do të nënkuptonin këto “përpjekje të caktuara” në kontekstin e një konference kushtuar mendimit të fatit të praktikave pedagogjike tek humanitetet dhe veçanërisht tek filozofia, do të doja të ndaja një vëzhgim të shkurtër me ju.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Të dashur miq, Më lejoni t’ju uroj mirëseardhjen, me mirënjohjen time më të thellë, tek konferenca e parë  e  organizuar  nga  revista  akademike  continent.  dhe  “Departamenti  i  shqiponjave,”  e titulluar “Pedagogjitë e shkatërrimit.” Shpresoj të më lejoni dy fjalë para se t’ia kaloj mikrofonin Kristofer Finskut, që ka për ta çelur këtë konferencë.Kur nënshkrova kontratën me soros-in, një nga sponsorët kryesorë të kësaj konfe-rence, nënshkrova me kushtin se kjo konferencë nuk do të angazhohej në atë që quhet “lobim.” Lobimi, sipas përkufizimit që më paraqitën, nënkupton “përpjekje të caktuara për të ndikuar mbi legjislacionin.” Pa dashur t’i futem një leximi të imët çndërtues mbi atë që do të nënkuptonin këto “përpjekje të caktuara” në kontekstin e një konference kushtuar mendimit të fatit të praktikave pedagogjike tek humanitetet dhe veçanërisht tek filozofia, do të doja të ndaja një vëzhgim të shkurtër me ju.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <PersonName>van Herven Uj, Vinsent V.J. </PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">A Pedagogy on the Verge of Disaster</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Christopher Fynsk</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The phrase that directs our reflections on this occasion leads me back to a text that has haunted all of my reflections on pedagogy and the university over the past fifteen years (and thus everything I wrote in The Claim of Language,1 to which I would like to return briefly  in  these  pages).  I  refer  to  a  brief  essay  by  Jean-François  Lyotard  that  was  first  published in Critique in 1978 under the title, “Endurance and the Profession.”2 It is an enigmatic  text  if  only  for  the  fact  that  what  is  named  “endurance”  goes  entirely  unde-fined in what is, on its face, a rather dark and despairing reflection – almost as though “endurance” stands in lieu of that for which it might serve, but which cannot be named, some hope, for example. I remain astonished and intrigued by this essay, but I believe I may now understand something of why it has so haunted me, so I would like to take my orientation from it. Whether or not I am correct in my intuitions, I can at least offer it as an exceptionally intriguing example of what we might want to consider as a “pedagogy of disaster” – or at least an example of what might be a step toward such a thing.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The phrase that directs our reflections on this occasion leads me back to a text that has haunted all of my reflections on pedagogy and the university over the past fifteen years (and thus everything I wrote in The Claim of Language,1 to which I would like to return briefly  in  these  pages).  I  refer  to  a  brief  essay  by  Jean-François  Lyotard  that  was  first  published in Critique in 1978 under the title, “Endurance and the Profession.”2 It is an enigmatic  text  if  only  for  the  fact  that  what  is  named  “endurance”  goes  entirely  unde-fined in what is, on its face, a rather dark and despairing reflection – almost as though “endurance” stands in lieu of that for which it might serve, but which cannot be named, some hope, for example. I remain astonished and intrigued by this essay, but I believe I may now understand something of why it has so haunted me, so I would like to take my orientation from it. Whether or not I am correct in my intuitions, I can at least offer it as an exceptionally intriguing example of what we might want to consider as a “pedagogy of disaster” – or at least an example of what might be a step toward such a thing.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Një pedagogji në prag të shkatërrimit</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Christopher Fynsk</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>University of Aberdeen</Affiliation>
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            <Affiliation>European Graduate School</Affiliation>
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          <PersonName>Jonida Gashi</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Jonida</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Gashi</KeyNames>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Fraza që përudh reflektimet tona me këtë rast më kthen tek një tekst që i ka munduar të gjithë reflektimet e mia mbi pedagogjinë dhe universitetin gjatë pesëmbëdhjetë viteve të  fundit  (dhe  kësisoj  gjithçka  që  shkruajta  tek  Pretendimi  i  gjuhës,1 një  libër  që  do  të  doja t’i rikthehesha shkurtimisht në këto faqe). E kam fjalën për një sprovë të shkurtër të  Zhan-Fransua  Liotarit  që  u  publikua  për  herë  të  parë  tek  Critique  në  1978-n  nën  ti-tullin “Qëndresa dhe profesioni.”2 Është një tekst enigmatik qoftë vetëm për faktin se ajo që quhet “qëndresë” nuk përkufizohet asnjëherë në çka është, në pamje të parë, një reflektim i errët dhe dëshpërues – sikur “qëndresa” të kishte zënë vendin e asaj së cilës mund t’i shërbente, por që nuk mund t’i gjendet emri, pak shpresë, për shembull. Edhe sot e kësaj dite kjo sprovë më shtang dhe më bën kureshtar, por besoj se tanimë kuptoj diçka  rreth  arsyes  pse  ajo  më  ka  munduar,  prandaj  dua  të  prihem  prej  saj.  Edhe  nëse  nuk jam i saktë në intuitat e mia, të paktën mund ta ofroj atë si një shembull kureshtar të asaj që ne ndoshta do të donim ta quanim një “pedagogji shkatërrimi” – ose të paktën një shembull të çka mund të përbënte një hap drejt diçkaje të tillë.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Fraza që përudh reflektimet tona me këtë rast më kthen tek një tekst që i ka munduar të gjithë reflektimet e mia mbi pedagogjinë dhe universitetin gjatë pesëmbëdhjetë viteve të  fundit  (dhe  kësisoj  gjithçka  që  shkruajta  tek  Pretendimi  i  gjuhës,1 një  libër  që  do  të  doja t’i rikthehesha shkurtimisht në këto faqe). E kam fjalën për një sprovë të shkurtër të  Zhan-Fransua  Liotarit  që  u  publikua  për  herë  të  parë  tek  Critique  në  1978-n  nën  ti-tullin “Qëndresa dhe profesioni.”2 Është një tekst enigmatik qoftë vetëm për faktin se ajo që quhet “qëndresë” nuk përkufizohet asnjëherë në çka është, në pamje të parë, një reflektim i errët dhe dëshpërues – sikur “qëndresa” të kishte zënë vendin e asaj së cilës mund t’i shërbente, por që nuk mund t’i gjendet emri, pak shpresë, për shembull. Edhe sot e kësaj dite kjo sprovë më shtang dhe më bën kureshtar, por besoj se tanimë kuptoj diçka  rreth  arsyes  pse  ajo  më  ka  munduar,  prandaj  dua  të  prihem  prej  saj.  Edhe  nëse  nuk jam i saktë në intuitat e mia, të paktën mund ta ofroj atë si një shembull kureshtar të asaj që ne ndoshta do të donim ta quanim një “pedagogji shkatërrimi” – ose të paktën një shembull të çka mund të përbënte një hap drejt diçkaje të tillë.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Finsk, Kristofer </PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Desocializing the School</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Education and the Action-Zone</Subtitle>
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          <ContributorRole>A01</ContributorRole>
          <PersonName>Oliver Feltham</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Oliver</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Feltham</KeyNames>
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            <Affiliation>American University of Paris</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;When Plato sets out to think the possibility of a just city-state his inaugural gesture is to  name  a  practice  that  rivals  philosophy  and  its  ambition:  theater.  He  then  bans  its  very existence from the republic: theater in-exists in the just city. In his Eloge de théâtre, Alain Badiou identifies the rivalry with theater as constitutive for philosophy. That is to say, philosophy does not merely position itself with regard to theater, but comes to a sense of its own identity by excluding the theatrical.1 The stakes of this rivalry concern none  other  than  the  aisthēsis  –  the  presentation  or  appearing  –  of  the  city-state  itself.  In  philosophy’s  attempt  to  bring  order  to  the  appearances  of  the  city-state,  it  proves  impossible to accommodate the practice of theater, precisely because theater consists in an intervention into those appearances. For Plato, theater is a form of degraded imi-tation. The actor imitates the professions of the city, he presents the mere appearance of savoir-faire without being actually anchored in any productive exchange. Both the actor and the playwright are thus subtracted from Plato’s grand rule of justice: every person to  his  or  her  place  and  function.  It  is  for  this  reason  that  the  tragedians  are  expelled  from the city.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;When Plato sets out to think the possibility of a just city-state his inaugural gesture is to  name  a  practice  that  rivals  philosophy  and  its  ambition:  theater.  He  then  bans  its  very existence from the republic: theater in-exists in the just city. In his Eloge de théâtre, Alain Badiou identifies the rivalry with theater as constitutive for philosophy. That is to say, philosophy does not merely position itself with regard to theater, but comes to a sense of its own identity by excluding the theatrical.1 The stakes of this rivalry concern none  other  than  the  aisthēsis  –  the  presentation  or  appearing  –  of  the  city-state  itself.  In  philosophy’s  attempt  to  bring  order  to  the  appearances  of  the  city-state,  it  proves  impossible to accommodate the practice of theater, precisely because theater consists in an intervention into those appearances. For Plato, theater is a form of degraded imi-tation. The actor imitates the professions of the city, he presents the mere appearance of savoir-faire without being actually anchored in any productive exchange. Both the actor and the playwright are thus subtracted from Plato’s grand rule of justice: every person to  his  or  her  place  and  function.  It  is  for  this  reason  that  the  tragedians  are  expelled  from the city.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Feltham, Oliver</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Çshoqërizimi i shkollës</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Arsimi dhe zona e aksionit</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Oliver Feltham</PersonName>
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              <IDValue>05t197591</IDValue>
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            <Affiliation>American University of Paris</Affiliation>
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          <PersonName>Jonida Gashi</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Jonida</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Gashi</KeyNames>
        </Contributor>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Kur  Platoni  nis  të  mendojë  mundësinë  e  një  qytet-shteti  të  vetëm,  gjesti  i  tij  fillestar  është  emërtimi  i  një  praktike  që  rivalizon  filozofinë  dhe  ambicjen  e  saj:  teatri.  Më  pas,  ai  ndalon  vetë  ekzistencën  e  tij  brenda  republikës:  teatri  joekziston  në  qytetin  e  drejtë.  Tek  libri  i  tij  Elozha  e  teatrit  Alen  Badiu  e  identifikon  rivalitetin  me  teatrin  si  themelor për filozofinë. Që do të thotë se filozofia jo vetëm që pozicionohet në raport me teatrin por se ajo ndërgjegjësohet për identitetin e saj duke përjashtuar teatralen.1Ajo çka është në lojë në këtë rivalitet ka të bëjë pikërisht me aisthēsis – me paraqitjen [presentation] ose shfaqjen [appearing] – e vetë qytet-shtetit. Në përpjekjet e filozofisë për  të  vënë  rregull  midis  shfaqjeve  të  qytet-shtetit,  del  se  është  e  pamundur  të  bëhet  vend për praktikën e teatrit, pikërisht sepse teatri konsiston në një ndërhyrje në këto shfaqje.  Për  Platonin  teatri  është  një  formë  imitimi  i  degraduar.  Aktori  imiton  profe-sionet  e  qytetit,  ai  paraqet  vetëm  pamjen  [appearance]  e  savoir-faire  pa  qenë  në  fakt  i  ankoruar në ndonjë shkëmbim të dobishëm. Kësisoj, si aktori ashtu edhe dramaturgu nuk përfshihen në rregullin e madh të drejtësisë të Platonit: çdo person në vendin dhe detyrën e vet. Kjo është arsyeja pse autorët tragjik përjashtohen nga qyteti.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Kur  Platoni  nis  të  mendojë  mundësinë  e  një  qytet-shteti  të  vetëm,  gjesti  i  tij  fillestar  është  emërtimi  i  një  praktike  që  rivalizon  filozofinë  dhe  ambicjen  e  saj:  teatri.  Më  pas,  ai  ndalon  vetë  ekzistencën  e  tij  brenda  republikës:  teatri  joekziston  në  qytetin  e  drejtë.  Tek  libri  i  tij  Elozha  e  teatrit  Alen  Badiu  e  identifikon  rivalitetin  me  teatrin  si  themelor për filozofinë. Që do të thotë se filozofia jo vetëm që pozicionohet në raport me teatrin por se ajo ndërgjegjësohet për identitetin e saj duke përjashtuar teatralen.1Ajo çka është në lojë në këtë rivalitet ka të bëjë pikërisht me aisthēsis – me paraqitjen [presentation] ose shfaqjen [appearing] – e vetë qytet-shtetit. Në përpjekjet e filozofisë për  të  vënë  rregull  midis  shfaqjeve  të  qytet-shtetit,  del  se  është  e  pamundur  të  bëhet  vend për praktikën e teatrit, pikërisht sepse teatri konsiston në një ndërhyrje në këto shfaqje.  Për  Platonin  teatri  është  një  formë  imitimi  i  degraduar.  Aktori  imiton  profe-sionet  e  qytetit,  ai  paraqet  vetëm  pamjen  [appearance]  e  savoir-faire  pa  qenë  në  fakt  i  ankoruar në ndonjë shkëmbim të dobishëm. Kësisoj, si aktori ashtu edhe dramaturgu nuk përfshihen në rregullin e madh të drejtësisë të Platonit: çdo person në vendin dhe detyrën e vet. Kjo është arsyeja pse autorët tragjik përjashtohen nga qyteti.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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          <CopyrightOwner>
            <PersonName>Feltham, Oliver</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Sandy Hook University</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Poetic Violence, Scope, and Style of Imagination</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Adam Staley Groves</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The user in technics marks a departure for the human side of an ambit. Academia fol-lows the act: essays may be graded by software, e-readers track student eye movement reporting to an education manager what the student purportedly read. Increasingly, re-lation is deported to the online classroom or the hybrid space of Learning Management Systems.Purportedly serving intellectual freedom and humanity, universities will inevitably collapse  into  technics.  Our  lingering  delusion  that  state  universities  serve  a  national  purpose  and  preserve  this  alongside  the  interest  of  global  capitalism  is  well  known.  However this delusion, allusion, illusion is given, it is powered by imagination and the human task is to reclaim access and care for it. Technological order, what governs sig-nificantly the production of the world and the presentation of nature to human thought has quickly placed the imagination as its final prize. Conversely if the university mirage cast a shadow over the reality of technics, the other side of an imaginative ambit opens toward an ethics of imagination.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The user in technics marks a departure for the human side of an ambit. Academia fol-lows the act: essays may be graded by software, e-readers track student eye movement reporting to an education manager what the student purportedly read. Increasingly, re-lation is deported to the online classroom or the hybrid space of Learning Management Systems.Purportedly serving intellectual freedom and humanity, universities will inevitably collapse  into  technics.  Our  lingering  delusion  that  state  universities  serve  a  national  purpose  and  preserve  this  alongside  the  interest  of  global  capitalism  is  well  known.  However this delusion, allusion, illusion is given, it is powered by imagination and the human task is to reclaim access and care for it. Technological order, what governs sig-nificantly the production of the world and the presentation of nature to human thought has quickly placed the imagination as its final prize. Conversely if the university mirage cast a shadow over the reality of technics, the other side of an imaginative ambit opens toward an ethics of imagination.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <PersonName>Groves, Adam Staley</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Universiteti "Sandy Hook"</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Dhuna poetike, fusha e veprimit dhe stili i imagjinatës</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Adam Staley Groves</PersonName>
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          <KeyNames>Groves</KeyNames>
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              <IDValue>01tgyzw49</IDValue>
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            <Affiliation>National University of Singapore</Affiliation>
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          <ContributorRole>B06</ContributorRole>
          <PersonName>Jonida Gashi</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Jonida</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Gashi</KeyNames>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Përdoruesi në teknikë shënon një shkëputje për aspektin njerëzor të një shtrirje. Aka-demia ndjek veprimin: sprovat mund të vlerësohen përmes softuarit, e-readers ndjekin lëvizjen e syrit të studentit dhe i raportojnë një menaxheri arsimor atë që mendohet se nxënësi ka lexuar. Gjithmonë e më tepër lidhja mërgohet në klasën online ose hapësirat hibride të Sistemeve të Menaxhimit të Mësimit [Learning Management Systems].Gjoja në shërbim të lirisë intelektuale dhe njerëzimit, në mënyrë të pashmangshme universitetet  do  të  palosen  në  teknikë.  Iluzioni  ynë  se  universitetet  shtetërore  i  shër-bejnë  çështjes  kombëtare  dhe  e  ruajnë  atë  karshi  interesave  të  kapitalizmit  global  dihet. Sido që ky mashtrim, aluzion, iluzion manifestohet, ai mundësohet prej imagji-natës dhe detyra njerëzore është të rifitojë hyrje tek ajo dhe të kujdeset për të. Rendi teknologjik,  ai  që  qeveris  prodhimin  e  botës  dhe  paraqitjen  e  natyrës  në  mënyrë  do-methënëse për mendimin njerëzor, shumë shpejt e ka bërë imagjinatën çmimin e tij të fundit.  Anasjelltas,  nëse  mirazhi  i  universitetit  hedh  një  hije  mbi  realitetin  e  teknikës,  ana tjetër e një shtrirje imagjinuese hapet drejt një etike të imagjinatës.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Përdoruesi në teknikë shënon një shkëputje për aspektin njerëzor të një shtrirje. Aka-demia ndjek veprimin: sprovat mund të vlerësohen përmes softuarit, e-readers ndjekin lëvizjen e syrit të studentit dhe i raportojnë një menaxheri arsimor atë që mendohet se nxënësi ka lexuar. Gjithmonë e më tepër lidhja mërgohet në klasën online ose hapësirat hibride të Sistemeve të Menaxhimit të Mësimit [Learning Management Systems].Gjoja në shërbim të lirisë intelektuale dhe njerëzimit, në mënyrë të pashmangshme universitetet  do  të  palosen  në  teknikë.  Iluzioni  ynë  se  universitetet  shtetërore  i  shër-bejnë  çështjes  kombëtare  dhe  e  ruajnë  atë  karshi  interesave  të  kapitalizmit  global  dihet. Sido që ky mashtrim, aluzion, iluzion manifestohet, ai mundësohet prej imagji-natës dhe detyra njerëzore është të rifitojë hyrje tek ajo dhe të kujdeset për të. Rendi teknologjik,  ai  që  qeveris  prodhimin  e  botës  dhe  paraqitjen  e  natyrës  në  mënyrë  do-methënëse për mendimin njerëzor, shumë shpejt e ka bërë imagjinatën çmimin e tij të fundit.  Anasjelltas,  nëse  mirazhi  i  universitetit  hedh  një  hije  mbi  realitetin  e  teknikës,  ana tjetër e një shtrirje imagjinuese hapet drejt një etike të imagjinatës.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <PersonName>Grouvz, Adam Stejli</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">A Call for Thinking (The Disaster)</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Julia Hölzl</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>European Graduate School</Affiliation>
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              <IDValue>016476m91</IDValue>
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            <Affiliation>University of Aberdeen</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This  is  to  think  thinking  as  such.  As  such,  the  thinking  to  be  thought  here  is  to  give  thought to thinking or, rather, to give back thought to thinking. For it is here, as it was elsewhere,  at  the  National  Historical  Museum  in  Tirana  that  is,  that  I  want  to  think  the elsewhere; an elsewhere to no end. For it is here, where everything seems to have come to yet another end (philosophy, history, the world as such), here, where the end, it seems, has become an end in itself, that there is also no end to the end of the university– be it “in ruins” (as Bill Readings named his book2), be it “in crisis” or be it simply “yet to  come.”  Here,  however,  I  do  not  wish  to  dwell  in  the  ruins  of  the  university.3  Long  declared dead, I do not want to deliver yet another eulogy, for it is precisely with and by its end that the university is violently brought back to its roots (= its etymology) of being a/s “whole.” The university, today, once again, is made universal: the university is made, the university no longer makes. Here I wish to violently break this vicious circle, as if it were a circle. Here I will, for once, and perhaps only once, and only for such once perhaps, pretend to be able to step outside – just once. Here, to come full circle, I will attempt to step outside these crises and think on thinking – as if it were possible. Here, if you allow me this metaphysical faux pas, I want to step back, outside these beyonds, and to reexamine Derrida’s question: “Today, how can we not speak of the university?”4Today, thirty years after, how can we not speak of the university, but instead re-open the Heideggerian  call  for  thinking?5  How  can  we,  then,  today,  not  speak  of  the  university,  but instead rethink the question of thinking?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This  is  to  think  thinking  as  such.  As  such,  the  thinking  to  be  thought  here  is  to  give  thought to thinking or, rather, to give back thought to thinking. For it is here, as it was elsewhere,  at  the  National  Historical  Museum  in  Tirana  that  is,  that  I  want  to  think  the elsewhere; an elsewhere to no end. For it is here, where everything seems to have come to yet another end (philosophy, history, the world as such), here, where the end, it seems, has become an end in itself, that there is also no end to the end of the university– be it “in ruins” (as Bill Readings named his book2), be it “in crisis” or be it simply “yet to  come.”  Here,  however,  I  do  not  wish  to  dwell  in  the  ruins  of  the  university.3  Long  declared dead, I do not want to deliver yet another eulogy, for it is precisely with and by its end that the university is violently brought back to its roots (= its etymology) of being a/s “whole.” The university, today, once again, is made universal: the university is made, the university no longer makes. Here I wish to violently break this vicious circle, as if it were a circle. Here I will, for once, and perhaps only once, and only for such once perhaps, pretend to be able to step outside – just once. Here, to come full circle, I will attempt to step outside these crises and think on thinking – as if it were possible. Here, if you allow me this metaphysical faux pas, I want to step back, outside these beyonds, and to reexamine Derrida’s question: “Today, how can we not speak of the university?”4Today, thirty years after, how can we not speak of the university, but instead re-open the Heideggerian  call  for  thinking?5  How  can  we,  then,  today,  not  speak  of  the  university,  but instead rethink the question of thinking?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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          <CopyrightOwner>
            <PersonName>Hölzl, Julia </PersonName>
          </CopyrightOwner>
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          <TitleType>01</TitleType>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Një thirrje për të menduar (shkatërrimin)</TitleText>
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          <ContributorRole>A01</ContributorRole>
          <PersonName>Julia Hölzl</PersonName>
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              <IDValue>016476m91</IDValue>
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            <Affiliation>University of Aberdeen</Affiliation>
          </ProfessionalAffiliation>
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          <ContributorRole>B06</ContributorRole>
          <PersonName>Jonida Gashi</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Jonida</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Gashi</KeyNames>
        </Contributor>
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          <LanguageCode>alb</LanguageCode>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Kjo do të thotë të mendosh vetë të menduarit. Kështu pra, të menduarit që duhet men-duar këtu është t’i japim mendim të menduarit, ose më saktë, t’ia kthejmë mendimin të menduarit. Spese është pikërisht këtu, siç ishte gjetkë, në Muzeun Historik Kombëtar në Tiranë, që unë dua ta mendoj këtë gjetkë; një gjetkë deri në pafundësi. Sepse është pikërisht  këtu,  ku  gjithçka  duket  se  ka  arritur  një  tjetër  fund  (filozofia,  historia,  vetë  bota),  këtu,  ku  fundi,  me  sa  duket,  është  bërë  një  qëllim  në  vetvete,  që  nuk  i  gjendet  fundi as edhe universitetit – qoftë kjo “në rrënoja” (siç e quajti Bill Redings librin e tij2), qoftë “në krizë” ose thjesht “akoma duke ardhur.” Këtu, megjithatë, nuk dua të mbetem tek rrënojat e universitetit.3 I shpallur i vdekur prej kohësh, nuk dua të jap edhe një tjetër elozh, sepse është me dhe përems fundit të tij që universiteti rikthehet, dhunshëm, tek rrënjët e tij (= etimologjinë e tij) i të qënit i/një plotë/si “tërësi.” Universiteti, sot, edhe një  here,  bëhet  universal:  universiteti  bëhet,  universiteti  nuk  bën  më.  Këtu  unë  dua  ta thyej dhunshëm këtë rreth vicioz, si të ishte një rreth. Këtu, të paktën njëherë, dhe ndoshta  vetëm  njëherë,  unë  do  të  pretendoj  se  mund  të  dal  jashtë  –  vetëm  njëherë.  Këtu, të kthehemi aty ku u nisëm, unë do të përpiqem të dal jashtë këtyre rrathëve dhe të mendoj rreth të menduarit – sikur kjo të ishte e mundur. Këtu, nëse ma lejoni këtë faux pas metafizik, unë dua të bëj një hap mbrapa, jashtë këtyre të përtejshmeve, dhe të  rishikoj  pyetjen  e  Derridasë:  “Si  mund  të  mos  flasim,  sot,  për  universitetin?”4  Sot,  tridhjetë vjet më vonë, si mund të mos flasim për universitetin, por në vend të kësaj të rihapim thirrjen e Hajdegerit për të menduarit?5 Si mundemi ne, atëherë, sot, të mos flasim për universitetin, por të rimendojmë çështjen e të menduarit?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Kjo do të thotë të mendosh vetë të menduarit. Kështu pra, të menduarit që duhet men-duar këtu është t’i japim mendim të menduarit, ose më saktë, t’ia kthejmë mendimin të menduarit. Spese është pikërisht këtu, siç ishte gjetkë, në Muzeun Historik Kombëtar në Tiranë, që unë dua ta mendoj këtë gjetkë; një gjetkë deri në pafundësi. Sepse është pikërisht  këtu,  ku  gjithçka  duket  se  ka  arritur  një  tjetër  fund  (filozofia,  historia,  vetë  bota),  këtu,  ku  fundi,  me  sa  duket,  është  bërë  një  qëllim  në  vetvete,  që  nuk  i  gjendet  fundi as edhe universitetit – qoftë kjo “në rrënoja” (siç e quajti Bill Redings librin e tij2), qoftë “në krizë” ose thjesht “akoma duke ardhur.” Këtu, megjithatë, nuk dua të mbetem tek rrënojat e universitetit.3 I shpallur i vdekur prej kohësh, nuk dua të jap edhe një tjetër elozh, sepse është me dhe përems fundit të tij që universiteti rikthehet, dhunshëm, tek rrënjët e tij (= etimologjinë e tij) i të qënit i/një plotë/si “tërësi.” Universiteti, sot, edhe një  here,  bëhet  universal:  universiteti  bëhet,  universiteti  nuk  bën  më.  Këtu  unë  dua  ta thyej dhunshëm këtë rreth vicioz, si të ishte një rreth. Këtu, të paktën njëherë, dhe ndoshta  vetëm  njëherë,  unë  do  të  pretendoj  se  mund  të  dal  jashtë  –  vetëm  njëherë.  Këtu, të kthehemi aty ku u nisëm, unë do të përpiqem të dal jashtë këtyre rrathëve dhe të mendoj rreth të menduarit – sikur kjo të ishte e mundur. Këtu, nëse ma lejoni këtë faux pas metafizik, unë dua të bëj një hap mbrapa, jashtë këtyre të përtejshmeve, dhe të  rishikoj  pyetjen  e  Derridasë:  “Si  mund  të  mos  flasim,  sot,  për  universitetin?”4  Sot,  tridhjetë vjet më vonë, si mund të mos flasim për universitetin, por në vend të kësaj të rihapim thirrjen e Hajdegerit për të menduarit?5 Si mundemi ne, atëherë, sot, të mos flasim për universitetin, por të rimendojmë çështjen e të menduarit?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <PersonName>Hëlcël, Julia </PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">The Rhetoric of Disaster</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Surviving the End of the Humanities</Subtitle>
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          <ContributorRole>A01</ContributorRole>
          <PersonName>John Van Houdt</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>John</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Van Houdt</KeyNames>
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            <AffiliationIdentifier>
              <AffiliationIDType>40</AffiliationIDType>
              <IDValue>04b8v1s79</IDValue>
            </AffiliationIdentifier>
            <Affiliation>Tilburg University</Affiliation>
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          <LanguageCode>eng</LanguageCode>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In this paper I will present a potential critical use of the rhetoric of disaster or what I will sometimes call “disaster speak,” borrowing largely from Blanchot’s analysis in The Writing  of  the  Disaster.  So  what  is  the  present  “disaster”  we  are  talking  about  at  this  conference? For those working in and around academia today, it is hard to ignore the substantial  changes  the  university  is  undergoing  especially  in  the  humanities.  To  wit,  this generally recognized change in the university has given way to serious prognostica-tions  of  the  “end  of  the  university.”  On  this  count,  the  humanities  have  outpaced  the  university itself. In my own discipline, philosophy, for instance, talk about the “end of philosophy” has been a common theme for at least a century or so. There are plenty of reasons  for  the  prevalence  of  disaster-speak  in  our  current  situation  (many  of  which  have  little  to  do  with  the  university);  and  there  is  certainly  no  dearth  of  examples  of  disaster-speak applied to the situation of the university in general and the humanities in  particular.2  In  what  follows  I  will  bracket  the  question  of  whether  in  fact  the  “end  is nigh” and focus on the rhetoric of that impending disaster to evaluate a strategy for deflating the catastrophic sense of impending doom invoked by disaster-speak.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <ContentAudience>00</ContentAudience>
          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In this paper I will present a potential critical use of the rhetoric of disaster or what I will sometimes call “disaster speak,” borrowing largely from Blanchot’s analysis in The Writing  of  the  Disaster.  So  what  is  the  present  “disaster”  we  are  talking  about  at  this  conference? For those working in and around academia today, it is hard to ignore the substantial  changes  the  university  is  undergoing  especially  in  the  humanities.  To  wit,  this generally recognized change in the university has given way to serious prognostica-tions  of  the  “end  of  the  university.”  On  this  count,  the  humanities  have  outpaced  the  university itself. In my own discipline, philosophy, for instance, talk about the “end of philosophy” has been a common theme for at least a century or so. There are plenty of reasons  for  the  prevalence  of  disaster-speak  in  our  current  situation  (many  of  which  have  little  to  do  with  the  university);  and  there  is  certainly  no  dearth  of  examples  of  disaster-speak applied to the situation of the university in general and the humanities in  particular.2  In  what  follows  I  will  bracket  the  question  of  whether  in  fact  the  “end  is nigh” and focus on the rhetoric of that impending disaster to evaluate a strategy for deflating the catastrophic sense of impending doom invoked by disaster-speak.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <TextType>20</TextType>
          <ContentAudience>00</ContentAudience>
          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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          <CopyrightOwner>
            <PersonName>Van Houdt, John</PersonName>
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        <LevelSequenceNumber>13</LevelSequenceNumber>
        <TextItem>
          <TextItemType>03</TextItemType>
          <TextItemIdentifier>
            <TextItemIDType>06</TextItemIDType>
            <IDValue>10.21983/P3.0050.1.13</IDValue>
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        <PageRun>
          <FirstPageNumber>163</FirstPageNumber>
          <LastPageNumber>174</LastPageNumber>
        </PageRun>
        <NumberOfPages>12</NumberOfPages>
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        <TitleDetail>
          <TitleType>01</TitleType>
          <TitleElement>
            <TitleElementLevel>01</TitleElementLevel>
            <TitleText language="eng">Retorika e shkatërrimit</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">T'i mbijetojmë fundit të humaniteteve</Subtitle>
          </TitleElement>
        </TitleDetail>
        <Contributor>
          <SequenceNumber>1</SequenceNumber>
          <ContributorRole>A01</ContributorRole>
          <PersonName>John Van Houdt</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>John</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Van Houdt</KeyNames>
          <ProfessionalAffiliation>
            <AffiliationIdentifier>
              <AffiliationIDType>40</AffiliationIDType>
              <IDValue>04b8v1s79</IDValue>
            </AffiliationIdentifier>
            <Affiliation>Tilburg University</Affiliation>
          </ProfessionalAffiliation>
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        <Contributor>
          <SequenceNumber>2</SequenceNumber>
          <ContributorRole>B06</ContributorRole>
          <PersonName>Jonida Gashi</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Jonida</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Gashi</KeyNames>
        </Contributor>
        <Language>
          <LanguageRole>01</LanguageRole>
          <LanguageCode>alb</LanguageCode>
        </Language>
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          <LanguageCode>eng</LanguageCode>
        </Language>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Në këtë artikull do të paraqis një përdorim potencialisht kritik të retorikës së shkatërri-mit, që herë pas here kam për ta quajtur edhe e folura e shkatërrimit, duke u mbështetur kryesisht  mbi  analizen  e  Blanshosë  tek  Shkrimi  i  shkatërrimit.  Cili  është  “shkatërrimi”  për  të  cilin  jemi  duke  folur  në  këtë  konferencë?  Për  ata  që  punojnë  brenda  ose  rreth  akademisë  sot,  është  e  vështirë  të  shpërfillësh  ndryshimet  e  qenësishme  që  po  kalon  universiteti  e  veçanërisht  humanitetet.  Që  do  të  thotë,  ky  ndryshim  brenda  universi-tetit, që në përgjithësi njihet, i ka hapur rrugën prognostikimeve serioze të “fundit” të universitetit. Në këtë pikë, humanitetet ia kanë kaluar vetë universitetit. Në disiplinën time,  filozofi,  për  shembull,  ka  rreth  një  shekull  që  flitet  për  “fundin  e  filozofisë.”  Ka  shumë  arsye  pse  e  folura  e  shkatërrimit  është  kaq  e  përhapur  në  situatën  në  të  cilën  ndodhemi (shumë prej të cilave nuk kanë të bëjnë me universitetin); dhe sigurisht që shembuj  të  së  folurës  së  shkatërrimit  mbi  situatën  e  universitetit  në  përgjithësi  dhe  të  humaniteteve  në  veçanti  nuk  mungojnë.2  Në  çka  vijon  kam  për  të  vënë  mënjanë  pyetjen nëse fundi është vërtetë afër, duke u përqëndruar tek retorika e atij shkatërrimi që zëre se ka ardhur për të vlerësuar një strategji për të shfryrë ndjesinë katastrofike të fundit që provokon e folura e shkatërrimit.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <TextContent>
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          <ContentAudience>00</ContentAudience>
          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Në këtë artikull do të paraqis një përdorim potencialisht kritik të retorikës së shkatërri-mit, që herë pas here kam për ta quajtur edhe e folura e shkatërrimit, duke u mbështetur kryesisht  mbi  analizen  e  Blanshosë  tek  Shkrimi  i  shkatërrimit.  Cili  është  “shkatërrimi”  për  të  cilin  jemi  duke  folur  në  këtë  konferencë?  Për  ata  që  punojnë  brenda  ose  rreth  akademisë  sot,  është  e  vështirë  të  shpërfillësh  ndryshimet  e  qenësishme  që  po  kalon  universiteti  e  veçanërisht  humanitetet.  Që  do  të  thotë,  ky  ndryshim  brenda  universi-tetit, që në përgjithësi njihet, i ka hapur rrugën prognostikimeve serioze të “fundit” të universitetit. Në këtë pikë, humanitetet ia kanë kaluar vetë universitetit. Në disiplinën time,  filozofi,  për  shembull,  ka  rreth  një  shekull  që  flitet  për  “fundin  e  filozofisë.”  Ka  shumë  arsye  pse  e  folura  e  shkatërrimit  është  kaq  e  përhapur  në  situatën  në  të  cilën  ndodhemi (shumë prej të cilave nuk kanë të bëjnë me universitetin); dhe sigurisht që shembuj  të  së  folurës  së  shkatërrimit  mbi  situatën  e  universitetit  në  përgjithësi  dhe  të  humaniteteve  në  veçanti  nuk  mungojnë.2  Në  çka  vijon  kam  për  të  vënë  mënjanë  pyetjen nëse fundi është vërtetë afër, duke u përqëndruar tek retorika e atij shkatërrimi që zëre se ka ardhur për të vlerësuar një strategji për të shfryrë ndjesinë katastrofike të fundit që provokon e folura e shkatërrimit.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <ContentAudience>00</ContentAudience>
          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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        <CopyrightStatement>
          <CopyrightOwner>
            <PersonName>Van Haut, Xhon</PersonName>
          </CopyrightOwner>
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          <TextItemType>03</TextItemType>
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          <FirstPageNumber>175</FirstPageNumber>
          <LastPageNumber>184</LastPageNumber>
        </PageRun>
        <NumberOfPages>10</NumberOfPages>
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        <TitleDetail>
          <TitleType>01</TitleType>
          <TitleElement>
            <TitleElementLevel>01</TitleElementLevel>
            <TitleText language="eng">A Passion for Yes</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Coming Out and Affirmation</Subtitle>
          </TitleElement>
        </TitleDetail>
        <Contributor>
          <SequenceNumber>1</SequenceNumber>
          <ContributorRole>A01</ContributorRole>
          <NameIdentifier>
            <NameIDType>21</NameIDType>
            <IDValue>0000000316374261</IDValue>
          </NameIdentifier>
          <PersonName>Vincent W.J. van Gerven Oei</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Vincent W.J.</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>van Gerven Oei</KeyNames>
          <ProfessionalAffiliation>
            <AffiliationIdentifier>
              <AffiliationIDType>40</AffiliationIDType>
              <IDValue>016476m91</IDValue>
            </AffiliationIdentifier>
            <Affiliation>University of Aberdeen</Affiliation>
          </ProfessionalAffiliation>
          <Website>
            <WebsiteRole>06</WebsiteRole>
            <WebsiteDescription>Own website</WebsiteDescription>
            <WebsiteLink>http://www.vangervenoei.com/</WebsiteLink>
          </Website>
        </Contributor>
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          <LanguageCode>eng</LanguageCode>
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          <TextType>03</TextType>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;I would like to offer you today the beginnings of a meditation on the word yes, on the gesture of affirmation. We should take great care not to conflate affirmation and saying yes – saying it once, twice, or many times over – and in which language? – all too easily. As I will try to elucidate, there is an abyss between saying yes and affirming that is not easily crossed, let alone bridged.One of my entry points will be Jacques Derrida’s essay on this word – but is it really a word? – in James Joyce’s Ulysses,1 which opens with the question of the translatability of the French oui, but which concerns as well – though through different inflections – the  English  yes,  Dutch  ja,  or  Albanian  po.  One  could  even  say  that  Derrida  grafts  the  question of translatability as such onto this word, which in French first answers to the ouïe,  “I  hear,”  as  a  response  to  a  call,  as  the  word  in  which  communicability  as  such  is  at  stake.  He  reminds  us  that  yes  also  names  language  itself,  not  only  in  the  sense  of langue  d’oïl  or  langue  d’oc,2  the  two  main  French  dialect  groups  which  derive  their  names from their respective ancient words for yes, but also because “the affirmation of a language through itself is untranslatable.”3 And indeed names themselves are notori-ously untranslatable, because they – especially the proper ones – hook into reality in a  way  that  always  suggests  a  more  intimate  relation  between  language  and  the  world  than linguists would want us to believe. I would invite anyone who doubts this to drive through the Kosovar countryside and observe the place name signs. The linguistically unstable status of yes – as adverb, interjection, or some other outsider category – only adds to its supposedly untranslatable status. And yet, it is the first word of any foreign language we venture to learn.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
        </TextContent>
        <TextContent>
          <TextType>30</TextType>
          <ContentAudience>00</ContentAudience>
          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;I would like to offer you today the beginnings of a meditation on the word yes, on the gesture of affirmation. We should take great care not to conflate affirmation and saying yes – saying it once, twice, or many times over – and in which language? – all too easily. As I will try to elucidate, there is an abyss between saying yes and affirming that is not easily crossed, let alone bridged.One of my entry points will be Jacques Derrida’s essay on this word – but is it really a word? – in James Joyce’s Ulysses,1 which opens with the question of the translatability of the French oui, but which concerns as well – though through different inflections – the  English  yes,  Dutch  ja,  or  Albanian  po.  One  could  even  say  that  Derrida  grafts  the  question of translatability as such onto this word, which in French first answers to the ouïe,  “I  hear,”  as  a  response  to  a  call,  as  the  word  in  which  communicability  as  such  is  at  stake.  He  reminds  us  that  yes  also  names  language  itself,  not  only  in  the  sense  of langue  d’oïl  or  langue  d’oc,2  the  two  main  French  dialect  groups  which  derive  their  names from their respective ancient words for yes, but also because “the affirmation of a language through itself is untranslatable.”3 And indeed names themselves are notori-ously untranslatable, because they – especially the proper ones – hook into reality in a  way  that  always  suggests  a  more  intimate  relation  between  language  and  the  world  than linguists would want us to believe. I would invite anyone who doubts this to drive through the Kosovar countryside and observe the place name signs. The linguistically unstable status of yes – as adverb, interjection, or some other outsider category – only adds to its supposedly untranslatable status. And yet, it is the first word of any foreign language we venture to learn.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
        </TextContent>
        <TextContent>
          <TextType>20</TextType>
          <ContentAudience>00</ContentAudience>
          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
        </TextContent>
        <CopyrightStatement>
          <CopyrightOwner>
            <PersonName>van Gerven Oei, Vincent W.J.</PersonName>
          </CopyrightOwner>
        </CopyrightStatement>
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      <ContentItem>
        <LevelSequenceNumber>15</LevelSequenceNumber>
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          <TextItemType>03</TextItemType>
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            <TextItemIDType>06</TextItemIDType>
            <IDValue>10.21983/P3.0050.1.15</IDValue>
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        <PageRun>
          <FirstPageNumber>185</FirstPageNumber>
          <LastPageNumber>190</LastPageNumber>
        </PageRun>
        <NumberOfPages>6</NumberOfPages>
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        <TitleDetail>
          <TitleType>01</TitleType>
          <TitleElement>
            <TitleElementLevel>01</TitleElementLevel>
            <TitleText language="eng">Një pasion për po-në</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Dalja hapur dhe pohimi</Subtitle>
          </TitleElement>
        </TitleDetail>
        <Contributor>
          <SequenceNumber>1</SequenceNumber>
          <ContributorRole>A01</ContributorRole>
          <NameIdentifier>
            <NameIDType>21</NameIDType>
            <IDValue>0000000316374261</IDValue>
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          <PersonName>Vincent W.J. van Gerven Oei</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Vincent W.J.</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>van Gerven Oei</KeyNames>
          <ProfessionalAffiliation>
            <AffiliationIdentifier>
              <AffiliationIDType>40</AffiliationIDType>
              <IDValue>016476m91</IDValue>
            </AffiliationIdentifier>
            <Affiliation>University of Aberdeen</Affiliation>
          </ProfessionalAffiliation>
          <Website>
            <WebsiteRole>06</WebsiteRole>
            <WebsiteDescription>Own website</WebsiteDescription>
            <WebsiteLink>http://www.vangervenoei.com/</WebsiteLink>
          </Website>
        </Contributor>
        <Contributor>
          <SequenceNumber>2</SequenceNumber>
          <ContributorRole>B06</ContributorRole>
          <PersonName>Jonida Gashi</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Jonida</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Gashi</KeyNames>
        </Contributor>
        <Language>
          <LanguageRole>01</LanguageRole>
          <LanguageCode>alb</LanguageCode>
        </Language>
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          <LanguageRole>02</LanguageRole>
          <LanguageCode>eng</LanguageCode>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Do  të  doja  t’ju  ofroja  sot  fillimin  e  një  përsiatje  mbi  fjalen  po,  mbi  gjestin  e  pohimit.  Duhet të kemi kujdes të mos ngatërrojmë pohimin me thënien po – një herë, dy herë, apo më tepër – dhe në çfarë gjuhe? – ca si tepër lehtë. Siç do të përpiqem të qartësoj, ekziston  një  humnerë  midis  thënies  po  dhe  pohimit  që  nuk  kapërcehet  –  e  jo  më  të  bashkohet  – lehtësisht.Një  nga  pikënisjet  e  mia  do  te  jetë  sprova  e  Zhak  Derridasë  mbi  këtë  fjalë  –  a  është ajo ama vërtet një fjalë? – tek Uliksi i Xhejms Xhojsit,1 e cila fillon me cështjen e përkthyeshmërisë së fjalës franceze oui, por që ka të bëjë gjithashtu – ndonëse nëpërmjet eptimeve të tjera – me fjalën angleze yes, atë hollandeze ja, apo shqiptaren po. Mund të themi madje se Derrida transplanton pyetjen e përkthyeshmërisë në tërësinë e saj tek kjo fjalë, e cila në frëngjisht i përgjigjet fillimishtouïe, “dëgjoj,” si një përgjigje ndaj një thirrjeje,  si  fjala  ku  shprehshmëria  vetë  është  në  lojë.  Ai  na  kujton  se  po  emërton  gji-thashtu vetë gjuhën, jo thjesht në kuptimin e langue d’oïl ose langue d’oc,2 dy grupimet dialektore  kryesore  në  frëngjisht,  emrat  e  të  cilave  rrjedhin  prej  flalëve  të  lashta  për-katëse për po në to, por edhe sepse “vetëpohimi i një gjuhe është i papërkthyeshëm.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Do  të  doja  t’ju  ofroja  sot  fillimin  e  një  përsiatje  mbi  fjalen  po,  mbi  gjestin  e  pohimit.  Duhet të kemi kujdes të mos ngatërrojmë pohimin me thënien po – një herë, dy herë, apo më tepër – dhe në çfarë gjuhe? – ca si tepër lehtë. Siç do të përpiqem të qartësoj, ekziston  një  humnerë  midis  thënies  po  dhe  pohimit  që  nuk  kapërcehet  –  e  jo  më  të  bashkohet  – lehtësisht.Një  nga  pikënisjet  e  mia  do  te  jetë  sprova  e  Zhak  Derridasë  mbi  këtë  fjalë  –  a  është ajo ama vërtet një fjalë? – tek Uliksi i Xhejms Xhojsit,1 e cila fillon me cështjen e përkthyeshmërisë së fjalës franceze oui, por që ka të bëjë gjithashtu – ndonëse nëpërmjet eptimeve të tjera – me fjalën angleze yes, atë hollandeze ja, apo shqiptaren po. Mund të themi madje se Derrida transplanton pyetjen e përkthyeshmërisë në tërësinë e saj tek kjo fjalë, e cila në frëngjisht i përgjigjet fillimishtouïe, “dëgjoj,” si një përgjigje ndaj një thirrjeje,  si  fjala  ku  shprehshmëria  vetë  është  në  lojë.  Ai  na  kujton  se  po  emërton  gji-thashtu vetë gjuhën, jo thjesht në kuptimin e langue d’oïl ose langue d’oc,2 dy grupimet dialektore  kryesore  në  frëngjisht,  emrat  e  të  cilave  rrjedhin  prej  flalëve  të  lashta  për-katëse për po në to, por edhe sepse “vetëpohimi i një gjuhe është i papërkthyeshëm.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <PersonName>van Herven Uj, Vinsent V.J. </PersonName>
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          <FirstPageNumber>191</FirstPageNumber>
          <LastPageNumber>203</LastPageNumber>
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        <NumberOfPages>13</NumberOfPages>
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        <TitleDetail>
          <TitleType>01</TitleType>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Welcoming the Stranger</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">From Social Inclusion to Exilic Education</Subtitle>
          </TitleElement>
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          <ContributorRole>A01</ContributorRole>
          <PersonName>Edith Doron</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Edith</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Doron</KeyNames>
          <ProfessionalAffiliation>
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              <AffiliationIDType>40</AffiliationIDType>
              <IDValue>016476m91</IDValue>
            </AffiliationIdentifier>
            <Affiliation>University of Aberdeen</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;I open with this poem on the arrival of the stranger and the question of community be-cause it speaks to the difference between the gesture of social inclusion legitimated by Kantian cosmopolitan ideals and translated into multicultural education in museums on  one  side,  and  the  gesture  of  welcoming  the  stranger  on  the  other.  It  speaks  to  the  difference between reception of the other as an interested act, as part of the struggle for recognition for the sake of being-at-home and therefore as an act that constitutes one’s sovereign ipseity on one side, and the encounter with the other for whom no common frontier exists and yet whose proximity creates the uncanny dispossession of home, the internal sense of an undoing. It speaks to the non-ground of community for which “I” and  “you”  are  not  individuals  of  a  common  concept.  Among  the  poem’s  diversity  of  dwellings, a “we” emerges to perform the fiction of a social bond. The Stranger departs and  returns  to  the  desert  –  there  where  hospitality  is  a  matter  of  life  or  death  –  but  his  utterance  remains  to  make  a  desert  of  those  dwellings  in  the  mind  where  sover-eign Identity lives as master; when for an instant astonishment makes Identity a guest.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;I open with this poem on the arrival of the stranger and the question of community be-cause it speaks to the difference between the gesture of social inclusion legitimated by Kantian cosmopolitan ideals and translated into multicultural education in museums on  one  side,  and  the  gesture  of  welcoming  the  stranger  on  the  other.  It  speaks  to  the  difference between reception of the other as an interested act, as part of the struggle for recognition for the sake of being-at-home and therefore as an act that constitutes one’s sovereign ipseity on one side, and the encounter with the other for whom no common frontier exists and yet whose proximity creates the uncanny dispossession of home, the internal sense of an undoing. It speaks to the non-ground of community for which “I” and  “you”  are  not  individuals  of  a  common  concept.  Among  the  poem’s  diversity  of  dwellings, a “we” emerges to perform the fiction of a social bond. The Stranger departs and  returns  to  the  desert  –  there  where  hospitality  is  a  matter  of  life  or  death  –  but  his  utterance  remains  to  make  a  desert  of  those  dwellings  in  the  mind  where  sover-eign Identity lives as master; when for an instant astonishment makes Identity a guest.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <ContentAudience>00</ContentAudience>
          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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          <CopyrightOwner>
            <PersonName>Doron, Edith</PersonName>
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        <LevelSequenceNumber>17</LevelSequenceNumber>
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            <TextItemIDType>06</TextItemIDType>
            <IDValue>10.21983/P3.0050.1.17</IDValue>
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          <FirstPageNumber>205</FirstPageNumber>
          <LastPageNumber>213</LastPageNumber>
        </PageRun>
        <NumberOfPages>9</NumberOfPages>
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          <EpubLicenseName>Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported license (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0).</EpubLicenseName>
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        <TitleDetail>
          <TitleType>01</TitleType>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Mirëpritja e të huajit</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Nga përshirja sociale tek arsimi mërgimtar</Subtitle>
          </TitleElement>
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          <ContributorRole>A01</ContributorRole>
          <PersonName>Edith Doron</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Edith</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Doron</KeyNames>
          <ProfessionalAffiliation>
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              <AffiliationIDType>40</AffiliationIDType>
              <IDValue>016476m91</IDValue>
            </AffiliationIdentifier>
            <Affiliation>University of Aberdeen</Affiliation>
          </ProfessionalAffiliation>
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        <Contributor>
          <SequenceNumber>2</SequenceNumber>
          <ContributorRole>B06</ContributorRole>
          <PersonName>Jonida Gashi</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Jonida</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Gashi</KeyNames>
        </Contributor>
        <Language>
          <LanguageRole>01</LanguageRole>
          <LanguageCode>alb</LanguageCode>
        </Language>
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          <LanguageRole>02</LanguageRole>
          <LanguageCode>eng</LanguageCode>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Filloj  me  këtë  poezi  mbi  ardhjen  e  të  huajit  dhe  çështjen  e  komunitetit  sepse  ajo  i  drejtohet, nga njëra anë, dallimit midis gjestit të përfshirjes sociale të legjitimuar nga idealet  kozmopolite  kantiane  dhe  të  përkthyer  në  arsimin  multikulturor  nëpër  muze  dhe,  nga  ana  tjetër,  gjestit  të  mirëpritjes  së  të  huajit.  Ajo  i  drejtohet,  nga  njëra  anë,  dallimit  midis  pritjes  së  tjetrit  si  një  akt  i  interesuar,  si  pjesë  e  një  beteje  për  njohje  [recognition]  për  hir  të  të-qenit-si-në-shtëpi  dhe  kësisoj  si  një  akt  që  vendos  vetësinë  [ipseity]  sovrane  të  dikujt  dhe,  nga  ana  tjetër,  takimit  me  tjetrin  për  të  cilin  nuk  ekziston  asnjë  kufi  i  përbashkët  por  afërsia  e  të  cilit  krijon  megjithatë  shpronësimin  tur-bullues të shtëpisë, ndjenjën e brendshme të një zhbërje. Ajo i drejtohet joterrenit të komunitetit për të cilin “unë” dhe “ti” nuk jemi individë të një koncepti të përbashkët. Midis  shumëllojshmërisë  së  banesave  të  poezisë,  lind  një  “ne”  për  të  performuar  saji-min  [fiction]  e  një  lidhje  sociale.  I  huaji  largohet  dhe  kthehet  në  shkretëtirë  –  atje  ku  mikpritja është një çështje jete ose vdekje – por shqiptimi i tij mbetet për të kthyer në një shkretëtirë ato banesa në mendje ku Identiteti sovran jeton si zot; kur për një çast habija e bën identitetin një mysafir&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Filloj  me  këtë  poezi  mbi  ardhjen  e  të  huajit  dhe  çështjen  e  komunitetit  sepse  ajo  i  drejtohet, nga njëra anë, dallimit midis gjestit të përfshirjes sociale të legjitimuar nga idealet  kozmopolite  kantiane  dhe  të  përkthyer  në  arsimin  multikulturor  nëpër  muze  dhe,  nga  ana  tjetër,  gjestit  të  mirëpritjes  së  të  huajit.  Ajo  i  drejtohet,  nga  njëra  anë,  dallimit  midis  pritjes  së  tjetrit  si  një  akt  i  interesuar,  si  pjesë  e  një  beteje  për  njohje  [recognition]  për  hir  të  të-qenit-si-në-shtëpi  dhe  kësisoj  si  një  akt  që  vendos  vetësinë  [ipseity]  sovrane  të  dikujt  dhe,  nga  ana  tjetër,  takimit  me  tjetrin  për  të  cilin  nuk  ekziston  asnjë  kufi  i  përbashkët  por  afërsia  e  të  cilit  krijon  megjithatë  shpronësimin  tur-bullues të shtëpisë, ndjenjën e brendshme të një zhbërje. Ajo i drejtohet joterrenit të komunitetit për të cilin “unë” dhe “ti” nuk jemi individë të një koncepti të përbashkët. Midis  shumëllojshmërisë  së  banesave  të  poezisë,  lind  një  “ne”  për  të  performuar  saji-min  [fiction]  e  një  lidhje  sociale.  I  huaji  largohet  dhe  kthehet  në  shkretëtirë  –  atje  ku  mikpritja është një çështje jete ose vdekje – por shqiptimi i tij mbetet për të kthyer në një shkretëtirë ato banesa në mendje ku Identiteti sovran jeton si zot; kur për një çast habija e bën identitetin një mysafir&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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          <CopyrightOwner>
            <PersonName>Doron, Edit</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">"Occupy Baghdad"</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">On the Occupation of Images</Subtitle>
          </TitleElement>
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          <PersonName>Urok Shirhan</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Urok</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Shirhan</KeyNames>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Occupy Baghdad is a project that takes as its main premise the idea of non-physical oc-cupation, in other words: how the image and idea of Iraq has been occupied by cultural and  artistic  production.  The  inception  of  this  project  was  marked  by  strange  “coinci-dence”  that  occurred  when  I  had  decided,  in  late  2011,  to  do  something  I  had  never  done before: take my own family archive as material for artistic research.Remake of Paul Chan’s “Baghdad in No Particular Order”As an Iraqi born refugee who has never been to Iraq, and having grown up in the Neth-erlands  since  1993,  I  decided  to  work  through  fourteen  vhs  tapes  of  footage  that  my  father had filmed during his first trip back to Baghdad in 2003. About one month after the fall of Saddam Hussein’s dictatorship following the American invasion – or occupa-tion – this trip marked a return after 25 years of forced exile. An artist himself, he took it  on  himself  to  conduct  interviews  with  other  artists  and  intellectuals  in  an  attempt  to recount the way in which cultural production in Iraq had been affected during Sad-dam’s Ba’athist regime.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Occupy Baghdad is a project that takes as its main premise the idea of non-physical oc-cupation, in other words: how the image and idea of Iraq has been occupied by cultural and  artistic  production.  The  inception  of  this  project  was  marked  by  strange  “coinci-dence”  that  occurred  when  I  had  decided,  in  late  2011,  to  do  something  I  had  never  done before: take my own family archive as material for artistic research.Remake of Paul Chan’s “Baghdad in No Particular Order”As an Iraqi born refugee who has never been to Iraq, and having grown up in the Neth-erlands  since  1993,  I  decided  to  work  through  fourteen  vhs  tapes  of  footage  that  my  father had filmed during his first trip back to Baghdad in 2003. About one month after the fall of Saddam Hussein’s dictatorship following the American invasion – or occupa-tion – this trip marked a return after 25 years of forced exile. An artist himself, he took it  on  himself  to  conduct  interviews  with  other  artists  and  intellectuals  in  an  attempt  to recount the way in which cultural production in Iraq had been affected during Sad-dam’s Ba’athist regime.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Shirhan, Urok</PersonName>
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          <LastPageNumber>245</LastPageNumber>
        </PageRun>
        <NumberOfPages>15</NumberOfPages>
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        <TitleDetail>
          <TitleType>01</TitleType>
          <TitleElement>
            <TitleElementLevel>01</TitleElementLevel>
            <TitleText language="eng">"Occupy Baghdad"</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Mbi pushtimin e imazheve</Subtitle>
          </TitleElement>
        </TitleDetail>
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          <NameIdentifier>
            <NameIDType>21</NameIDType>
            <IDValue>0000000274969186</IDValue>
          </NameIdentifier>
          <PersonName>Urok Shirhan</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Urok</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Shirhan</KeyNames>
        </Contributor>
        <Contributor>
          <SequenceNumber>2</SequenceNumber>
          <ContributorRole>B06</ContributorRole>
          <PersonName>Jonida Gashi</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Jonida</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Gashi</KeyNames>
        </Contributor>
        <Language>
          <LanguageRole>01</LanguageRole>
          <LanguageCode>alb</LanguageCode>
        </Language>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Occupy Baghdad është një projekt premisa kryesore e të cilit është ideja s një pushtimi jofizik, e thënë ndryshe: se si imazhi dhe ideja e Irakut janë pushtuar nga prodhimtaria kulturore dhe artistike. Zanafilla e këtij projekti u shënua nga një “rastësi” e çuditshme që ndodhi kur unë vendosa, në fund të 2011-s, të bëj diçka që nuk e kisha bërë kurrë më parë: të përdorja arkivat e familjes time si material për kërkim artistik.Rikrijimi i “Bagdadit jo sipas ndonjë renditje të caktuar” të Pol ÇanitSi një refugjate e lindur irakene por që nuk ka qenë asnjëherë në Irak dhe që qysh prej vitit  1993  është  rritur  në  Hollandë,  vendosa  të  punoj  me  katërmbëdhjetë  kasetat  me  regjistrime që kishte xhiruar im atë gjatë udhëtimit të tij të pare atje në 2003-shin. Ky udhëtim, rreth një muaj pas rënies së diktaturës së Sadam Huseinit pas pushtimit ameri-kan, ishte një kthim në Bagdad pas 25 vitesh mërgimi të detyruar. Duke qenë vetë artist, im atë mori përsipër të intervistonte artistë dhe intelektualë të tjerë për të përshkruar se si prodhimtaria kulturore në Irak ishte prekur prej regjimit baatist të Sadamit.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Occupy Baghdad është një projekt premisa kryesore e të cilit është ideja s një pushtimi jofizik, e thënë ndryshe: se si imazhi dhe ideja e Irakut janë pushtuar nga prodhimtaria kulturore dhe artistike. Zanafilla e këtij projekti u shënua nga një “rastësi” e çuditshme që ndodhi kur unë vendosa, në fund të 2011-s, të bëj diçka që nuk e kisha bërë kurrë më parë: të përdorja arkivat e familjes time si material për kërkim artistik.Rikrijimi i “Bagdadit jo sipas ndonjë renditje të caktuar” të Pol ÇanitSi një refugjate e lindur irakene por që nuk ka qenë asnjëherë në Irak dhe që qysh prej vitit  1993  është  rritur  në  Hollandë,  vendosa  të  punoj  me  katërmbëdhjetë  kasetat  me  regjistrime që kishte xhiruar im atë gjatë udhëtimit të tij të pare atje në 2003-shin. Ky udhëtim, rreth një muaj pas rënies së diktaturës së Sadam Huseinit pas pushtimit ameri-kan, ishte një kthim në Bagdad pas 25 vitesh mërgimi të detyruar. Duke qenë vetë artist, im atë mori përsipër të intervistonte artistë dhe intelektualë të tjerë për të përshkruar se si prodhimtaria kulturore në Irak ishte prekur prej regjimit baatist të Sadamit.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Shirhan, Urok</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Art after Democratism</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">The Pedagogy of the New World Summit</Subtitle>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In 2007, philosopher Vincent van Gerven Oei and myself came across a leaked file doc-umenting an interrogation at Guantánamo prison in Cuba, which had been distributed through  the  website  of  Time  Magazine.  The  log  contained  a  detailed  report  of  three  months of interrogation of Mohammed Mani Ahmed al-Khatani, the supposed “20th hijacker” of the attacks on the Twin Towers and the Pentagon in 2001.The report caught our interest specifically because of the nature of the torture tech-niques  involved.  Apart  from  the  terrifying  torture  method  called  water  boarding,  we  were  struck  by  the  use  of  popular  culture  as  means  of  “torturing”  the  prisoner.  The  guards  severely  disoriented  al-Khatani  by  moving  him  to  different  closed  darkened  spaces, which made it impossible for him to grasp the time of day or the direction in which he, as a Muslim, was supposed send his prayers. Subsequently, they deregulated his  sleep  pattern,  upon  which  his  general  sense  of  disorientation  became  even  more  severe.  This  set  the  theatrical  stage  for  the  guards  to  subject  al-Khatani  to  a  complex  of contemporary cultural iconography. He was, for example, exposed to loud popular music, such as songs by Metallica, Eminem, and Christina Aguilera’s song “Dirrty.” Al-Khatani was further subjected to images of pin-up girls, non-halal Burger King food, and stroboscope lights. These are all symbols of Western “liberation,” which in the con-text of Guantánamo obtain extremely oppressive dimensions. Or rather, in this context that the extremely oppressive dimensions already present in these symbols of so-called liberation become unbearably visible.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In 2007, philosopher Vincent van Gerven Oei and myself came across a leaked file doc-umenting an interrogation at Guantánamo prison in Cuba, which had been distributed through  the  website  of  Time  Magazine.  The  log  contained  a  detailed  report  of  three  months of interrogation of Mohammed Mani Ahmed al-Khatani, the supposed “20th hijacker” of the attacks on the Twin Towers and the Pentagon in 2001.The report caught our interest specifically because of the nature of the torture tech-niques  involved.  Apart  from  the  terrifying  torture  method  called  water  boarding,  we  were  struck  by  the  use  of  popular  culture  as  means  of  “torturing”  the  prisoner.  The  guards  severely  disoriented  al-Khatani  by  moving  him  to  different  closed  darkened  spaces, which made it impossible for him to grasp the time of day or the direction in which he, as a Muslim, was supposed send his prayers. Subsequently, they deregulated his  sleep  pattern,  upon  which  his  general  sense  of  disorientation  became  even  more  severe.  This  set  the  theatrical  stage  for  the  guards  to  subject  al-Khatani  to  a  complex  of contemporary cultural iconography. He was, for example, exposed to loud popular music, such as songs by Metallica, Eminem, and Christina Aguilera’s song “Dirrty.” Al-Khatani was further subjected to images of pin-up girls, non-halal Burger King food, and stroboscope lights. These are all symbols of Western “liberation,” which in the con-text of Guantánamo obtain extremely oppressive dimensions. Or rather, in this context that the extremely oppressive dimensions already present in these symbols of so-called liberation become unbearably visible.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Arti pas demokratizmit</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Pedagogjia e Samitit të ri botëror</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Jonida Gashi</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Në  2007-n,  filozofi  Vinsent  van  Herven  Uj  dhe  unë  ndeshëm  një  dosje  të  klasifikuar  që  dokumentonte  një  interrogim  në  burgun  e  Guantanamos  në  Kubë,  e  cila  ishte  shpërndarë përmes website-it të Time Magazine. Kabllogrami përmbante një raport të detajuar  të  interrogimit  përgjatë  tre  muajve  të  Mohamed  Mani  Ahmed  Al-Katani,  që  presupozohej të ishte rrëmbyesi i 20-të i sulmeve mbi Kullat Binjake dhe Pentagonin në 2001-shin.Në  veçanti  raporti  na  tërhoqi  vëmendjen  për  shkak  të  natyrës  së  teknikave  të  tor-tures  që  ishin  përdorur.  Përveç  metodës  së  tmerrshme  të  tortures  të  quajtur  water boarding,  na  la  përshtypje  përdorimi  i  kulturës  pop  si  një  mjet  për  të  “torturuar”  të  burgosurin.  Rojet  e  çorientonin  thellësisht  Al-Katanin  duke  e  lëvizur  nëpër  vende  të  ndryshme të errëta, gjë që e bënte të pamundur për të të rrokte kohën ose drejtimin në të cilin ai, si një mysliman, duhej të drejtonte lutjet e tij. Më pas, ata i çrregulluan edhe gjumin, duke bërë që ndjesia e përgjithme e çorientimit që ai kishte të thellohej akoma më tepër. E gjithë kjo ngriti skenën teatrale në të cilën Al-Katanin iu nënshtrua një iko-nografie komplekse të kulturës bashkëkohore. Për shembull, ai iu nënshtrua dëgjimit të muzikës së zhurmët, si këngë nga Metallica, Eminem, dhe këngës “Dirrty” të Kristina Agileras.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Në  2007-n,  filozofi  Vinsent  van  Herven  Uj  dhe  unë  ndeshëm  një  dosje  të  klasifikuar  që  dokumentonte  një  interrogim  në  burgun  e  Guantanamos  në  Kubë,  e  cila  ishte  shpërndarë përmes website-it të Time Magazine. Kabllogrami përmbante një raport të detajuar  të  interrogimit  përgjatë  tre  muajve  të  Mohamed  Mani  Ahmed  Al-Katani,  që  presupozohej të ishte rrëmbyesi i 20-të i sulmeve mbi Kullat Binjake dhe Pentagonin në 2001-shin.Në  veçanti  raporti  na  tërhoqi  vëmendjen  për  shkak  të  natyrës  së  teknikave  të  tor-tures  që  ishin  përdorur.  Përveç  metodës  së  tmerrshme  të  tortures  të  quajtur  water boarding,  na  la  përshtypje  përdorimi  i  kulturës  pop  si  një  mjet  për  të  “torturuar”  të  burgosurin.  Rojet  e  çorientonin  thellësisht  Al-Katanin  duke  e  lëvizur  nëpër  vende  të  ndryshme të errëta, gjë që e bënte të pamundur për të të rrokte kohën ose drejtimin në të cilin ai, si një mysliman, duhej të drejtonte lutjet e tij. Më pas, ata i çrregulluan edhe gjumin, duke bërë që ndjesia e përgjithme e çorientimit që ai kishte të thellohej akoma më tepër. E gjithë kjo ngriti skenën teatrale në të cilën Al-Katanin iu nënshtrua një iko-nografie komplekse të kulturës bashkëkohore. Për shembull, ai iu nënshtrua dëgjimit të muzikës së zhurmët, si këngë nga Metallica, Eminem, dhe këngës “Dirrty” të Kristina Agileras.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">"Reading on Disaster" Intervention</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Imaginaries in Participatory Artistic Practice</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Katharina Stadler</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>Humboldt State University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;How to give a voice to others? How to invite a voice to articulate itself and further, to be heard. Amidst my own voicelessness and speechlessness while working in a location of foreign language. Focused on the process of including the voice/s of the barely audible in an academic conference.during the “reading on disaster” intervention i chose a different location in tirana each day as to create a small space of possible participation. my popcorn bike as a mobile seminar room shaped the center of those imaginary spaces, providing each day’s text in multiple copies, each day’s motto as well as papers and pens.every day i worked on site, intervening the city with the purpose to engage thinking about education, the future of education in albania. collecting wishes/dreams/desires as to bring not only one voice but voices, combined in a manifesto medley envisioning an imaginary future to the “pedagogies of disaster” conference.to trigger the agency of reflection and vision telling i had selected texts on education and/or knowledge production; texts by irit rogoff, boyan manchev, hakim bey, yael navaro-yashin, tim ingold, and jacques rancière. out of these texts the following daily mottos were chosen:potentialities; the critical realm [...] is by definition void; poetic ter-rorism; in the midst of the piles of the debris of knowledge production; movement is knowing; knowing is nothing. doing is everything.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;How to give a voice to others? How to invite a voice to articulate itself and further, to be heard. Amidst my own voicelessness and speechlessness while working in a location of foreign language. Focused on the process of including the voice/s of the barely audible in an academic conference.during the “reading on disaster” intervention i chose a different location in tirana each day as to create a small space of possible participation. my popcorn bike as a mobile seminar room shaped the center of those imaginary spaces, providing each day’s text in multiple copies, each day’s motto as well as papers and pens.every day i worked on site, intervening the city with the purpose to engage thinking about education, the future of education in albania. collecting wishes/dreams/desires as to bring not only one voice but voices, combined in a manifesto medley envisioning an imaginary future to the “pedagogies of disaster” conference.to trigger the agency of reflection and vision telling i had selected texts on education and/or knowledge production; texts by irit rogoff, boyan manchev, hakim bey, yael navaro-yashin, tim ingold, and jacques rancière. out of these texts the following daily mottos were chosen:potentialities; the critical realm [...] is by definition void; poetic ter-rorism; in the midst of the piles of the debris of knowledge production; movement is knowing; knowing is nothing. doing is everything.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <PersonName>Stadler, Katharina</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Ndërhyrje "Të lexojmë mbi shkatërrimin"</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Imagjinaret në praktikat pjesëmarrëse artistike</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Jonida Gashi</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Si  t’iu  japim  zë  të  tjerëve?  Si  të  ftojmë  një  zë  të  nyjëtohet  e  me  tej  të  dëgjohet.  Mes  pazëshmërisë  dhe  pagojësisë  time  ndërsa  punoja  në  një  vend  me  gjuhë  të  huaj.  E  përqëndruar  tek  përfshirja  e  zërit/zërave  thuajse  të  padëgjuar  në  një  konferencë  aka-demike.gjatë ndërhyrjes “të lexojmë mbi shkatërrimin” zgjodha çdo ditë nga një vend të ndryshëm me qëllim për të krijuar një hapësirë sado të vogël pjesëmarrje të mundshme. biçikleta ime e kokoshkave, si një dhomë lëvizëse seminaresh, përbënte qendrën e atyre hapësirave imagjinare, duke ofruar tekstet e secilës ditë në kopje të shumëfishta, moton e secilës ditë si dhe fletë dhe stilolapsa.punova çdo ditë në vendndodhje, duke ndërhyrë në qytet për të angazhuar të menduarit mbi arsimin, të ardhmen e arsimit në shqipëri. duke mbledhur dëshira/ëndrra për të përcjellë jo një zë por shumë zëra, të përmbledhura në një manifest që pa-rapërfytyronte një të ardhme imagjinare të konferencës mbi “pedagogjitë e shkatërrimit.”për të ndezur kapacitetin për refleksion dhe vizion kisha përzgjedhur disa tekste mbi arsimin dhe/ose prodhimin e dijes; tekste nga irit rogoff, boyan manchev, hakim bey, yael navaro-yashin, tim ingold, dhe jacques rancière. prej këtyre teksteve u zgjodhën motot e përditshme në vijim:potencialitete; sfera kritike [...] është me përkufizim bosh; terrorizëm poetik; mes pirgjeve të gërmadhave të prodhimit të dijes; të lëvizësh është të dish; të dish nuk është asgjë. të bësh është gjithçka!&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Si  t’iu  japim  zë  të  tjerëve?  Si  të  ftojmë  një  zë  të  nyjëtohet  e  me  tej  të  dëgjohet.  Mes  pazëshmërisë  dhe  pagojësisë  time  ndërsa  punoja  në  një  vend  me  gjuhë  të  huaj.  E  përqëndruar  tek  përfshirja  e  zërit/zërave  thuajse  të  padëgjuar  në  një  konferencë  aka-demike.gjatë ndërhyrjes “të lexojmë mbi shkatërrimin” zgjodha çdo ditë nga një vend të ndryshëm me qëllim për të krijuar një hapësirë sado të vogël pjesëmarrje të mundshme. biçikleta ime e kokoshkave, si një dhomë lëvizëse seminaresh, përbënte qendrën e atyre hapësirave imagjinare, duke ofruar tekstet e secilës ditë në kopje të shumëfishta, moton e secilës ditë si dhe fletë dhe stilolapsa.punova çdo ditë në vendndodhje, duke ndërhyrë në qytet për të angazhuar të menduarit mbi arsimin, të ardhmen e arsimit në shqipëri. duke mbledhur dëshira/ëndrra për të përcjellë jo një zë por shumë zëra, të përmbledhura në një manifest që pa-rapërfytyronte një të ardhme imagjinare të konferencës mbi “pedagogjitë e shkatërrimit.”për të ndezur kapacitetin për refleksion dhe vizion kisha përzgjedhur disa tekste mbi arsimin dhe/ose prodhimin e dijes; tekste nga irit rogoff, boyan manchev, hakim bey, yael navaro-yashin, tim ingold, dhe jacques rancière. prej këtyre teksteve u zgjodhën motot e përditshme në vijim:potencialitete; sfera kritike [...] është me përkufizim bosh; terrorizëm poetik; mes pirgjeve të gërmadhave të prodhimit të dijes; të lëvizësh është të dish; të dish nuk është asgjë. të bësh është gjithçka!&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;We are students, professors, people with or without jobs, with children or young our-selves. Who demand.We aim for an adequate education of European standard. Meaning better schools, aca-demic freedom, more study possibilities, language classes and choice of language in our studies.  As  well  as  a  focus  on  Albanian  language  and  expression.  Meaning  improved  physical environments at universities and most definitely no corruption.We ask students to be more idealistic and active, work for a common progress in educa-tion as well as follow the rules and excercise their rights.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;We are students, professors, people with or without jobs, with children or young our-selves. Who demand.We aim for an adequate education of European standard. Meaning better schools, aca-demic freedom, more study possibilities, language classes and choice of language in our studies.  As  well  as  a  focus  on  Albanian  language  and  expression.  Meaning  improved  physical environments at universities and most definitely no corruption.We ask students to be more idealistic and active, work for a common progress in educa-tion as well as follow the rules and excercise their rights.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Manifest për arsimin në Shqirëri</TitleText>
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            <Affiliation>Husson University</Affiliation>
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            <Affiliation>University of Maine</Affiliation>
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          <PersonName>Vincent W.J. van Gerven Oei</PersonName>
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          <PersonName>Jonida Gashi</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Ne  jemi  studentë,  pedagogë,  njerëz  me  ose  pa  punë,  me  fëmijë  ose  të  rinj  vetë.  Që  kërkojmë.Ne  duam  një  arsimim  të  standardeve  evropiane.  Që  do  të  thotë,  shkolla  më  të  mira,  liri akademike, më tepër mundësi studimi, klasa gjuhe dhe mundësinë për të zgjedhur gjuhën në të cilën studiojmë. Dhe gjithashtu fokus mbi gjuhën shqipe. Që do të thotë, ambiente më të mira në universitetet tona dhe jo korrupsion.Ne kërkojmë që studentët të jenë më idealist dhe më aktiv, të punojnë për progresin e përbashkët në arsim si dhe të zbatojnë rregullat dhe të ushtrojnë të drejtat e tyre.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Ne  jemi  studentë,  pedagogë,  njerëz  me  ose  pa  punë,  me  fëmijë  ose  të  rinj  vetë.  Që  kërkojmë.Ne  duam  një  arsimim  të  standardeve  evropiane.  Që  do  të  thotë,  shkolla  më  të  mira,  liri akademike, më tepër mundësi studimi, klasa gjuhe dhe mundësinë për të zgjedhur gjuhën në të cilën studiojmë. Dhe gjithashtu fokus mbi gjuhën shqipe. Që do të thotë, ambiente më të mira në universitetet tona dhe jo korrupsion.Ne kërkojmë që studentët të jenë më idealist dhe më aktiv, të punojnë për progresin e përbashkët në arsim si dhe të zbatojnë rregullat dhe të ushtrojnë të drejtat e tyre.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Jenkins, Nico</PersonName>
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        <CopyrightStatement>
          <CopyrightOwner>
            <PersonName> van Gerven Oei, Vincent W.J. (0000-0003-1637-4261)</PersonName>
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        <CopyrightStatement>
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            <PersonName>Groves, Adam Staley</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Philosophy and Humanistic Education</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">J.S. Mill's Catastrophic Pedagogy</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Andreas Vrahimis</PersonName>
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          <KeyNames>Vrahimis</KeyNames>
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            <Affiliation>University of Cyprus</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;It is almost a commonplace nowadays to hear of the end of the humanities, and defens-es of the humanities against all kinds of attack abound. A diagnosis might be in place, as an aside, before we begin: though these arguments in defense of the humanities are at  the  moment  in  vogue,  the  position  of  the  attackers  is  not  a  dialogical  one.  Indeed,  the  attack  does  not  seem  to  be  founded  on  argument,  but  rather,  in  many  ways,  on  unshakeable force – the kind of force that is not able to respond to argument (or even willing to read defenses of the humanities). In short, though there appear to be numer-ous ways of defending and attempting to fortify the humanities through perfectly valid and sound argument, the onslaught against the humanities does not seem bound either to listen or to respond.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;It is almost a commonplace nowadays to hear of the end of the humanities, and defens-es of the humanities against all kinds of attack abound. A diagnosis might be in place, as an aside, before we begin: though these arguments in defense of the humanities are at  the  moment  in  vogue,  the  position  of  the  attackers  is  not  a  dialogical  one.  Indeed,  the  attack  does  not  seem  to  be  founded  on  argument,  but  rather,  in  many  ways,  on  unshakeable force – the kind of force that is not able to respond to argument (or even willing to read defenses of the humanities). In short, though there appear to be numer-ous ways of defending and attempting to fortify the humanities through perfectly valid and sound argument, the onslaught against the humanities does not seem bound either to listen or to respond.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Vrahimis, Andreas</PersonName>
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        <TitleDetail>
          <TitleType>01</TitleType>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Filozofia dhe shkollimi humanist</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Pedagogjia katastrofike e J.S. Millit</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Andreas Vrahimis</PersonName>
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          <KeyNames>Vrahimis</KeyNames>
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              <AffiliationIDType>40</AffiliationIDType>
              <IDValue>02qjrjx09</IDValue>
            </AffiliationIdentifier>
            <Affiliation>University of Cyprus</Affiliation>
          </ProfessionalAffiliation>
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          <ContributorRole>B06</ContributorRole>
          <PersonName>Jonida Gashi</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Jonida</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Gashi</KeyNames>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Jemi  mësuar  tashmë  të  dëgjojmë  për  fundin  e  humaniteteve  dhe  mbrojtje  të  huma-niteteve  nga  sulme  të  llojeve  të  ndryshme  nuk  mungojnë.  Ia  vlen  ndoshta  që,  në  pa-rantezë,  të  bëjmë  një  diagnozë  këtu,  sa  pa  filluar  mirë:  ndonëse  sot  këto  argumenta  në  mbrojtje  të  humaniteteve  janë  në  modë,  pozicioni  i  sulmuesve  nuk  është  një  pozi-cion bashkëbisedues. Në fakt, duket sikur sulmi nuk bazohet mbi argumenta, por, në shumë  pikëpamje,  mbi  një  forcë  të  patundur  –  një  lloj  force  që  nuk  është  në  gjendje  t’i  përgjigjet  argumentit  (ose  të  paktën  të  jetë  e  gatshme  të  lexojë  mbrojtjet  për  hu-manitetet). Shkrutimisht pra, ndonëse duket sikur ka shumë mënyra për të mbrojtur dhe për të përforcuar humanitetet nëpërmjet argumentash tërësisht të vlefshëm dhe të shëndoshë, vërshimi kundër humaniteteve nuk duket se ka ndërmend as të dëgjojë e as të përgjigjet.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <TextContent>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Jemi  mësuar  tashmë  të  dëgjojmë  për  fundin  e  humaniteteve  dhe  mbrojtje  të  huma-niteteve  nga  sulme  të  llojeve  të  ndryshme  nuk  mungojnë.  Ia  vlen  ndoshta  që,  në  pa-rantezë,  të  bëjmë  një  diagnozë  këtu,  sa  pa  filluar  mirë:  ndonëse  sot  këto  argumenta  në  mbrojtje  të  humaniteteve  janë  në  modë,  pozicioni  i  sulmuesve  nuk  është  një  pozi-cion bashkëbisedues. Në fakt, duket sikur sulmi nuk bazohet mbi argumenta, por, në shumë  pikëpamje,  mbi  një  forcë  të  patundur  –  një  lloj  force  që  nuk  është  në  gjendje  t’i  përgjigjet  argumentit  (ose  të  paktën  të  jetë  e  gatshme  të  lexojë  mbrojtjet  për  hu-manitetet). Shkrutimisht pra, ndonëse duket sikur ka shumë mënyra për të mbrojtur dhe për të përforcuar humanitetet nëpërmjet argumentash tërësisht të vlefshëm dhe të shëndoshë, vërshimi kundër humaniteteve nuk duket se ka ndërmend as të dëgjojë e as të përgjigjet.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <ContentAudience>00</ContentAudience>
          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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        <CopyrightStatement>
          <CopyrightOwner>
            <PersonName>Vrahimis, Andreas</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Walter Benjamin and the Inhumanities</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Towards a Pedagogical Anti-Nietzscheanism</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Matthew Charles</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Matthew</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Charles</KeyNames>
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              <IDValue>04ycpbx82</IDValue>
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            <Affiliation>University of Westminster</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The  following  discussion  is  intended  as  a  critical  intervention  into  recent  debates  about the “crisis of the humanities,” reading the symptomaticity of crisis in the medical sense  of  a  turning  point.  It  does  so  from  the  perspective  of  the  work  of  Walter  Benja-min, whose own transdisciplinary practice of thought has been characterized as a “phi-losophy directed against philosophy” and a “philosophizing beyond philosophy,” and stands as a model for the kind of intellectual and para-academic activity evoked here.1Historically re-situating Benjamin’s famous allegory of the Angel of History from the twentieth-century context of the “crisis of culture” to the contemporary “crisis of edu-cation,” it attempts to reconstruct a dialectical understanding of pedagogization within Benjamin’s  work,  which  is  used  to  sketch  out  the  contours  of  a  critically  reimagined  pedagogy of the Inhumanities.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The  following  discussion  is  intended  as  a  critical  intervention  into  recent  debates  about the “crisis of the humanities,” reading the symptomaticity of crisis in the medical sense  of  a  turning  point.  It  does  so  from  the  perspective  of  the  work  of  Walter  Benja-min, whose own transdisciplinary practice of thought has been characterized as a “phi-losophy directed against philosophy” and a “philosophizing beyond philosophy,” and stands as a model for the kind of intellectual and para-academic activity evoked here.1Historically re-situating Benjamin’s famous allegory of the Angel of History from the twentieth-century context of the “crisis of culture” to the contemporary “crisis of edu-cation,” it attempts to reconstruct a dialectical understanding of pedagogization within Benjamin’s  work,  which  is  used  to  sketch  out  the  contours  of  a  critically  reimagined  pedagogy of the Inhumanities.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Charles, Matthew</PersonName>
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          <TitleType>01</TitleType>
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            <TitleElementLevel>01</TitleElementLevel>
            <TitleText language="eng">Valter Benjamin dhe inhumanitetet</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Drejt një kundërniçanizmi pedagogjik</Subtitle>
          </TitleElement>
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          <ContributorRole>A01</ContributorRole>
          <PersonName>Matthew Charles</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Matthew</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Charles</KeyNames>
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              <IDValue>04ycpbx82</IDValue>
            </AffiliationIdentifier>
            <Affiliation>University of Westminster</Affiliation>
          </ProfessionalAffiliation>
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          <PersonName>Jonida Gashi</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Jonida</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Gashi</KeyNames>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Diskutimi vijues ka për qëllim të jetë një ndërhyrje kritike në debatet e kohëve të fundit mbi  idenë  e  “krizës  së  humaniteteve,”  duke  e  lexuar  simptomaticitetin  e  krizës  si  një  kthesë  në  kuptimin  mjekësor  të  fjalës.  Ai  e  bën  këtë  nga  perspektiva  e  veprës  së  Val-ter Benjamin, praktika transdisiplinare e mendimit të të cilit është karakterizuar si një “filozofi  kundër  filozofisë”  dhe  një  “filozofim  përtej  filozofisë,”  dhe  qëndron  si  model  për veprimtarinë intelektuale dhe para-akademike që ngrihet këtu.1 Duke zhvendosur alegorinë  e  famshme  të  Benjaminit  të  Ëngjellit  të  Historisë  nga  konteksti  i  “krizës  së  kulturës” të shekullit të njëzetë dhe duke e rivendosur ate tek “kriza e arsimit” e ditëve të sotme, ai përpiqet të rindërtojë një kuptim dialektik të pedagogjizimit brenda veprës së Benjaminit, që përdoret për të skicuar konturet e një pedagogjie të riimagjinuar në mënyrë kritike të inhumaniteteve.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Diskutimi vijues ka për qëllim të jetë një ndërhyrje kritike në debatet e kohëve të fundit mbi  idenë  e  “krizës  së  humaniteteve,”  duke  e  lexuar  simptomaticitetin  e  krizës  si  një  kthesë  në  kuptimin  mjekësor  të  fjalës.  Ai  e  bën  këtë  nga  perspektiva  e  veprës  së  Val-ter Benjamin, praktika transdisiplinare e mendimit të të cilit është karakterizuar si një “filozofi  kundër  filozofisë”  dhe  një  “filozofim  përtej  filozofisë,”  dhe  qëndron  si  model  për veprimtarinë intelektuale dhe para-akademike që ngrihet këtu.1 Duke zhvendosur alegorinë  e  famshme  të  Benjaminit  të  Ëngjellit  të  Historisë  nga  konteksti  i  “krizës  së  kulturës” të shekullit të njëzetë dhe duke e rivendosur ate tek “kriza e arsimit” e ditëve të sotme, ai përpiqet të rindërtojë një kuptim dialektik të pedagogjizimit brenda veprës së Benjaminit, që përdoret për të skicuar konturet e një pedagogjie të riimagjinuar në mënyrë kritike të inhumaniteteve.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Çarls, Methju</PersonName>
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        <NumberOfPages>8</NumberOfPages>
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          <TitleType>01</TitleType>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Philosophy beyond the Peras</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Thinking with/in the Periphery</Subtitle>
          </TitleElement>
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          <ContributorRole>A01</ContributorRole>
          <PersonName>Nico Jenkins</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Nico</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Jenkins</KeyNames>
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              <AffiliationIDType>40</AffiliationIDType>
              <IDValue>05rp6gx35</IDValue>
            </AffiliationIdentifier>
            <Affiliation>Husson University</Affiliation>
          </ProfessionalAffiliation>
          <ProfessionalAffiliation>
            <AffiliationIdentifier>
              <AffiliationIDType>40</AffiliationIDType>
              <IDValue>01adr0w49</IDValue>
            </AffiliationIdentifier>
            <Affiliation>University of Maine</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;To discuss, as we have been tasked to do, the concept of pedagogy requires that we first imagine what it is to learn, as well as what it is to be taught before we can even begin to venture forth on what it is to teach, and especially what it is to teach with/in what has been called the disaster. That the modern form of education is tightly constrained and regimented seems obvious, and therefore any thinking about thinking (any think-ing about disasters) must inevitably pass between the constraints, or under the regimes. This movement of thinking is always a call towards, and a call from. Martin Heidegger, in the two essays discussed here, asks that we attune ourselves well to venture onto this path, to listen before we begin (again) to teach; he asks us to listen to the unnecessary before we begin to discuss the necessary, to listen, perhaps, to the silence(s) which lie between thoughts, as much as to the thoughts themselves.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;To discuss, as we have been tasked to do, the concept of pedagogy requires that we first imagine what it is to learn, as well as what it is to be taught before we can even begin to venture forth on what it is to teach, and especially what it is to teach with/in what has been called the disaster. That the modern form of education is tightly constrained and regimented seems obvious, and therefore any thinking about thinking (any think-ing about disasters) must inevitably pass between the constraints, or under the regimes. This movement of thinking is always a call towards, and a call from. Martin Heidegger, in the two essays discussed here, asks that we attune ourselves well to venture onto this path, to listen before we begin (again) to teach; he asks us to listen to the unnecessary before we begin to discuss the necessary, to listen, perhaps, to the silence(s) which lie between thoughts, as much as to the thoughts themselves.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <ContentAudience>00</ContentAudience>
          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Jenkins, Nico</PersonName>
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        <NumberOfPages>12</NumberOfPages>
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        <TitleDetail>
          <TitleType>01</TitleType>
          <TitleElement>
            <TitleElementLevel>01</TitleElementLevel>
            <TitleText language="eng">Pedagogjia përtej perasë</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Të mendojmë me periferinë</Subtitle>
          </TitleElement>
        </TitleDetail>
        <Contributor>
          <SequenceNumber>1</SequenceNumber>
          <ContributorRole>A01</ContributorRole>
          <PersonName>Nico Jenkins</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Nico</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Jenkins</KeyNames>
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              <AffiliationIDType>40</AffiliationIDType>
              <IDValue>05rp6gx35</IDValue>
            </AffiliationIdentifier>
            <Affiliation>Husson University</Affiliation>
          </ProfessionalAffiliation>
          <ProfessionalAffiliation>
            <AffiliationIdentifier>
              <AffiliationIDType>40</AffiliationIDType>
              <IDValue>01adr0w49</IDValue>
            </AffiliationIdentifier>
            <Affiliation>University of Maine</Affiliation>
          </ProfessionalAffiliation>
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          <SequenceNumber>2</SequenceNumber>
          <ContributorRole>B06</ContributorRole>
          <PersonName>Jonida Gashi</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Jonida</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Gashi</KeyNames>
        </Contributor>
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          <LanguageRole>02</LanguageRole>
          <LanguageCode>alb</LanguageCode>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Të diskutojmë, siç na është caktuar për detyrë, konceptin e pedagogjisë kërkon që në fillim  të  imagjinojmë  se  çfarë  do  të  thotë  të  mësosh,  si  dhe  çfarë  është  të  të  mësojnë,  para se të marrim guximin të shtejllojmë se çfarë është të japësh mësim, dhe veçanëri-sht se çfarë është të japësh mësim me atë që është quajtur shkatërrim. Që forma moder-ne e shkollimit është mjaft e shtrënguar dhe e regjimentuar duket se është e qartë, dhe prandaj çdo të menduar mbi të menduarit (çdo të menduar mbi shkatërrimet) duhet doemos të kalojë midis shtrëngimeve, ose nën regjimet. Kjo lëvizje e të menduarit është gjithmonë një thirrje drejt, dhe një thirrje prej. Martin Hajdeger, në dy sprovat e disku-tuara këtu, kërkon që ne të harmonizohemi mirë për të marrë këtë rrugë, të dëgjojmë para se të fillojmë (sërish) të japim mësim; ai na kërkon të dëgjojmë të panevojshmen para se të fillojmë të diskutojmë të domosdoshmen, të dëgjojmë, ndoshta, heshtjen/t që shtrihet/n midis mendimeve, po aq sa vetë mendimet.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Të diskutojmë, siç na është caktuar për detyrë, konceptin e pedagogjisë kërkon që në fillim  të  imagjinojmë  se  çfarë  do  të  thotë  të  mësosh,  si  dhe  çfarë  është  të  të  mësojnë,  para se të marrim guximin të shtejllojmë se çfarë është të japësh mësim, dhe veçanëri-sht se çfarë është të japësh mësim me atë që është quajtur shkatërrim. Që forma moder-ne e shkollimit është mjaft e shtrënguar dhe e regjimentuar duket se është e qartë, dhe prandaj çdo të menduar mbi të menduarit (çdo të menduar mbi shkatërrimet) duhet doemos të kalojë midis shtrëngimeve, ose nën regjimet. Kjo lëvizje e të menduarit është gjithmonë një thirrje drejt, dhe një thirrje prej. Martin Hajdeger, në dy sprovat e disku-tuara këtu, kërkon që ne të harmonizohemi mirë për të marrë këtë rrugë, të dëgjojmë para se të fillojmë (sërish) të japim mësim; ai na kërkon të dëgjojmë të panevojshmen para se të fillojmë të diskutojmë të domosdoshmen, të dëgjojmë, ndoshta, heshtjen/t që shtrihet/n midis mendimeve, po aq sa vetë mendimet.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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          <CopyrightOwner>
            <PersonName>Xhenkins, Niko</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Cyber-Catastrophe</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Towards a New Pedagogy of Entropy</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Justin Joque</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>University of Michigan–Ann Arbor</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;One  of  the  earliest  glimpses  of  the  possible  impact  of  an  all  out  cyberwar  occurred  in June of 1997. That month a small team of hackers using publicly available tools and programs  was  supposedly  able  to  gain  access  to  the  power  grid  in  nine  United  States  cities, their emergency response systems and a number of critical Pentagon networks including  those  that  managed  military  supply  chains  and  the  command-and-control  structure. According to James Adams who has written at length about these attacks:The hackers also managed to infect the human command-and-control system with a paralyzing level of mistrust. Orders that appeared to come from a commanding general were fake, as were bogus news reports on the crisis and instructions from the civilian command authorities. As a result, nobody in the chain of command, from the president on down, could believe anything. This group of hackers using publicly available resources was able to prevent the United States from waging war effectively&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;One  of  the  earliest  glimpses  of  the  possible  impact  of  an  all  out  cyberwar  occurred  in June of 1997. That month a small team of hackers using publicly available tools and programs  was  supposedly  able  to  gain  access  to  the  power  grid  in  nine  United  States  cities, their emergency response systems and a number of critical Pentagon networks including  those  that  managed  military  supply  chains  and  the  command-and-control  structure. According to James Adams who has written at length about these attacks:The hackers also managed to infect the human command-and-control system with a paralyzing level of mistrust. Orders that appeared to come from a commanding general were fake, as were bogus news reports on the crisis and instructions from the civilian command authorities. As a result, nobody in the chain of command, from the president on down, could believe anything. This group of hackers using publicly available resources was able to prevent the United States from waging war effectively&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Joque, Justin</PersonName>
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          <TitleType>01</TitleType>
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            <TitleElementLevel>01</TitleElementLevel>
            <TitleText language="eng">Katastrofa kibernetike</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Drejt një pedagogjie të entropisë</Subtitle>
          </TitleElement>
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          <ContributorRole>A01</ContributorRole>
          <PersonName>Justin Joque</PersonName>
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              <IDValue>00jmfr291</IDValue>
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            <Affiliation>University of Michigan–Ann Arbor</Affiliation>
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            <WebsiteLink>http://www.justinjoque.com/</WebsiteLink>
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          <ContributorRole>B06</ContributorRole>
          <PersonName>Jonida Gashi</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Jonida</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Gashi</KeyNames>
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          <LanguageCode>alb</LanguageCode>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Një nga vezullimat më të herëta të impaktit të mundshëm të një lufte të hapur kiberne-tike u shfaq në qershor të 1997-s. Mendohet se atë muaj një skuadër e vogël hakerash, duke  përdorur  mjete  dhe  programe  në  dispozicion  të  të  gjithëve,  arriti  të  depërtonte  në rrjetin elektrik të nëntë qyteteve amerikane, sistemet e tyre të emergjencës dhe një numër rrjetesh mjaft të rëndësishme të Pentagonit duke përfshirë këtu edhe ato rrjete që  menaxhonin  zinxhirët  e  furnizimit  të  ushtrisë  dhe  strukturës  komandë-dhe-kon-troll. Sipas Xhejms Adamsit që ka shkruar gjatë mbi këto sulme:Hakera arritën gjithashtu të infektonin sistemin njerëzor komandë-dhe-kontroll me një nivel paralizues mosbesimi. Urdhërat që duket se vinin nga gjeneralët në komandë ishin të rremë, po ashtu siç ishin të rreme edhe lajmet mbi krizën dhe instruksionet nga autoritetet e komandës civile. Për pasojë, askush në zinxhirin e komandës, nga presidenti e poshtë, nuk mund të besonte asgjë. Ky grup hakerash që po përdornin resurse që ishin në dispozicion të të gjithëve qe i aftë ta pengonte shba-në të bënte luftë në mënyrë efektive.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Një nga vezullimat më të herëta të impaktit të mundshëm të një lufte të hapur kiberne-tike u shfaq në qershor të 1997-s. Mendohet se atë muaj një skuadër e vogël hakerash, duke  përdorur  mjete  dhe  programe  në  dispozicion  të  të  gjithëve,  arriti  të  depërtonte  në rrjetin elektrik të nëntë qyteteve amerikane, sistemet e tyre të emergjencës dhe një numër rrjetesh mjaft të rëndësishme të Pentagonit duke përfshirë këtu edhe ato rrjete që  menaxhonin  zinxhirët  e  furnizimit  të  ushtrisë  dhe  strukturës  komandë-dhe-kon-troll. Sipas Xhejms Adamsit që ka shkruar gjatë mbi këto sulme:Hakera arritën gjithashtu të infektonin sistemin njerëzor komandë-dhe-kontroll me një nivel paralizues mosbesimi. Urdhërat që duket se vinin nga gjeneralët në komandë ishin të rremë, po ashtu siç ishin të rreme edhe lajmet mbi krizën dhe instruksionet nga autoritetet e komandës civile. Për pasojë, askush në zinxhirin e komandës, nga presidenti e poshtë, nuk mund të besonte asgjë. Ky grup hakerash që po përdornin resurse që ishin në dispozicion të të gjithëve qe i aftë ta pengonte shba-në të bënte luftë në mënyrë efektive.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <PersonName>Xhouk, Xhustin</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Faculty in Withdrawal</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Not To Know and the Uncertainties of Self-Institutionalization</Subtitle>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The best “tendency” is wrong if it does not prescribe the attitude with which it ought to be pursued. These words produced some eighty years ago, still speak to us with the fresh “pedagogi-cal”  attitude  Benjamin  himself  deliberately  sought  to  inhabit  when  writing  about  the  revolutionary intellectual. No matter how finished the objects of production may seem to  appear,  what  seemed  more  urgent,  he  argued,  has  been  to  uncover  the  techniques  of  production’s  own  potentialities  for  exposing  the  organizational  complex  of  fabrica-tion within. If the institutional dimension of constructing subjectivities were acknowl-edged as a continuing existence of the bourgeois apparatus, it would be possible for the functional  distinction  between  products  and  producers  to  ultimately  crack  open  and  evaporate.  Central  to  his  project  on  the  disappearance  of  the  author  through  careful  dissemination, Benjamin praised Brecht’s Umfunktionierung as an idea of transforming actively institutions and instruments of production by radical intellectuals: “It’s not a question of being against the institution: We are the institution.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The best “tendency” is wrong if it does not prescribe the attitude with which it ought to be pursued. These words produced some eighty years ago, still speak to us with the fresh “pedagogi-cal”  attitude  Benjamin  himself  deliberately  sought  to  inhabit  when  writing  about  the  revolutionary intellectual. No matter how finished the objects of production may seem to  appear,  what  seemed  more  urgent,  he  argued,  has  been  to  uncover  the  techniques  of  production’s  own  potentialities  for  exposing  the  organizational  complex  of  fabrica-tion within. If the institutional dimension of constructing subjectivities were acknowl-edged as a continuing existence of the bourgeois apparatus, it would be possible for the functional  distinction  between  products  and  producers  to  ultimately  crack  open  and  evaporate.  Central  to  his  project  on  the  disappearance  of  the  author  through  careful  dissemination, Benjamin praised Brecht’s Umfunktionierung as an idea of transforming actively institutions and instruments of production by radical intellectuals: “It’s not a question of being against the institution: We are the institution.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Fakulteti në zmbrapsje</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Mosditja dhe pasiguritë e vetëinstitucionalizimit</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Jonida Gashi</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;“Tendenca” më e mire është e gabuar nëse ajo nuk paracakton mënyrën se si duhet ndjekur. Këto fjalë të shkruara thuajse tetëdhjetë vite më parë ende rikumbojnë me risinë e qën-drimit “pedagogjik” që vetë Benjamin ishte përpjekur të merrte ndërsa shkruante për intelektualin revolucionar. Pavarësisht se sa të përfunduara mund të duken objektet e prodhimit, ajo që dukej më urgjente, thotë Benjamin, ka qenë zbulimi i potencialitete-ve të vetë teknikave të prodhimit për të zbuluar kompleksin organizativ të mashtrimit brenda  tyre.  Po  të  pranonim  se  dimensioni  institucional  i  ndërtimit  të  subjektivite-teve  nuk  është  veçse  ekzistenca  e  vazhduar  e  aparatit  borgjez,  do  të  qe  e  mundur  që  dallimi funksional midis prodhimeve dhe prodhuesve të zhdukej një herë e mirë. Një aspekt i rëndësishëm në projektin e tij mbi zhdukjen e autorit përmes shpërhapjes së kujdesshme, Benjamin lëvdoi rifunktionimin [Umfunktionierung] të Brehtit [Brecht] si një  ide  për  transformimin  aktiv  të  institucioneve  dhe  mjeteve  të  prodhimit  prej  inte-lektualëve  radikalë:  “Nuk  është  puna  t’i  kundërvihemi  institucionit:  Ne  jemi  institu-cioni.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;“Tendenca” më e mire është e gabuar nëse ajo nuk paracakton mënyrën se si duhet ndjekur. Këto fjalë të shkruara thuajse tetëdhjetë vite më parë ende rikumbojnë me risinë e qën-drimit “pedagogjik” që vetë Benjamin ishte përpjekur të merrte ndërsa shkruante për intelektualin revolucionar. Pavarësisht se sa të përfunduara mund të duken objektet e prodhimit, ajo që dukej më urgjente, thotë Benjamin, ka qenë zbulimi i potencialitete-ve të vetë teknikave të prodhimit për të zbuluar kompleksin organizativ të mashtrimit brenda  tyre.  Po  të  pranonim  se  dimensioni  institucional  i  ndërtimit  të  subjektivite-teve  nuk  është  veçse  ekzistenca  e  vazhduar  e  aparatit  borgjez,  do  të  qe  e  mundur  që  dallimi funksional midis prodhimeve dhe prodhuesve të zhdukej një herë e mirë. Një aspekt i rëndësishëm në projektin e tij mbi zhdukjen e autorit përmes shpërhapjes së kujdesshme, Benjamin lëvdoi rifunktionimin [Umfunktionierung] të Brehtit [Brecht] si një  ide  për  transformimin  aktiv  të  institucioneve  dhe  mjeteve  të  prodhimit  prej  inte-lektualëve  radikalë:  “Nuk  është  puna  t’i  kundërvihemi  institucionit:  Ne  jemi  institu-cioni.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Stevanoviq, Tijana</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">On Prototypes</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Should We Eat Mao's Pear, Sail Saint-Exupéry's Boast, Drink with Heidegger's Pitcher, or Use Nietzsche's Hammer to Respond to the Crisis?</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Denisa Kera</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>National University of Singapore</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In  1972  philosophers,  sociologists,  and  architects,  such  as  Jean  Baudrillard,  Umberto  Eco,  Octavio  Paz,  Hannah  Arendt,  Manuel  Castells,  and  others,  gathered  at  the  Mu-seum of Modern Art (moma) to discuss “The Universitas Project: Solutions for a Post-Technological Society.” Their responses and proposals on how to deal with the environ-mental, financial and political crises were assembled by Emilio Ambasz, an Argentinian architect, appointed at that time as a curator of Design at moma. He defined the goal of the symposium and the whole project as: a critical and prospective inquiry into the relation of man to the natural and the sociocultural environment [...] specifically planned to explore the possibility of establishing in the United States a new type of institution centered around the task of evaluating and designing the man-made milieu&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In  1972  philosophers,  sociologists,  and  architects,  such  as  Jean  Baudrillard,  Umberto  Eco,  Octavio  Paz,  Hannah  Arendt,  Manuel  Castells,  and  others,  gathered  at  the  Mu-seum of Modern Art (moma) to discuss “The Universitas Project: Solutions for a Post-Technological Society.” Their responses and proposals on how to deal with the environ-mental, financial and political crises were assembled by Emilio Ambasz, an Argentinian architect, appointed at that time as a curator of Design at moma. He defined the goal of the symposium and the whole project as: a critical and prospective inquiry into the relation of man to the natural and the sociocultural environment [...] specifically planned to explore the possibility of establishing in the United States a new type of institution centered around the task of evaluating and designing the man-made milieu&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Kera, Denisa</PersonName>
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          <LastPageNumber>453</LastPageNumber>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Mbi prototipet</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">A duhet të hamë dardhën e Maos, të lundrojmë varkën e Sent-Eksyperisë, të pimë me kanën e Hajdegerit apo të përdorim çekanin e Niçes për t'iu përgjigjur krizës?</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Denisa Kera</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Denisa</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Kera</KeyNames>
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            <Affiliation>National University of Singapore</Affiliation>
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          <ContributorRole>B06</ContributorRole>
          <PersonName>Jonida Gashi</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Jonida</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Gashi</KeyNames>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Në 1972-shin, filozofë, sociologjistë, dhe arkitektë si Zhan Bodrijar [Jean  Baudrillard], Umberto  Eko  [Eco],  Oktavio  Pas  [Octavio  Paz],  Hanna  Arent  [Hannah  Arendt],  Ma-nuel  Castells  e  të  tjerë,  u  mblodhën  tek  Muzeu  i  Artit  Modern  (moma)  për  të  deba-tuar “Projekti Universitas: Rrugëdalje për një shoqëri pasteknologjike.” Përgjigjet dhe propozimet e tyre mbi mënyrën se si duhej marrë me krizat mjedisore, financiare dhe politike  u  mblodhën  bashkë  nga  Emilio  Ambasi,  një  arkitekt  argjentinas  që  ato  kohë  ishte kurator i Dizajnit tek moma. Ai e përcaktoi qëllimin e simpoziumit dhe të të gjithë projektit si:një hetim kritik dhe paraprak mbi marrëdhënien e njeriut me ambientin natyral dhe socio-kulturor [...] e planifikuar posaçërisht për të shqyrtuar mundësinë për të krijuar një lloj të ri institucioni në Shtetet e Bashkuara të përqëndruar tek vlerësimi dhe dizenjimi i ambientit të bërë nga njeriu.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Në 1972-shin, filozofë, sociologjistë, dhe arkitektë si Zhan Bodrijar [Jean  Baudrillard], Umberto  Eko  [Eco],  Oktavio  Pas  [Octavio  Paz],  Hanna  Arent  [Hannah  Arendt],  Ma-nuel  Castells  e  të  tjerë,  u  mblodhën  tek  Muzeu  i  Artit  Modern  (moma)  për  të  deba-tuar “Projekti Universitas: Rrugëdalje për një shoqëri pasteknologjike.” Përgjigjet dhe propozimet e tyre mbi mënyrën se si duhej marrë me krizat mjedisore, financiare dhe politike  u  mblodhën  bashkë  nga  Emilio  Ambasi,  një  arkitekt  argjentinas  që  ato  kohë  ishte kurator i Dizajnit tek moma. Ai e përcaktoi qëllimin e simpoziumit dhe të të gjithë projektit si:një hetim kritik dhe paraprak mbi marrëdhënien e njeriut me ambientin natyral dhe socio-kulturor [...] e planifikuar posaçërisht për të shqyrtuar mundësinë për të krijuar një lloj të ri institucioni në Shtetet e Bashkuara të përqëndruar tek vlerësimi dhe dizenjimi i ambientit të bërë nga njeriu.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Kera, Denisa</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">The Necessity of Education</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Or How Can One Still Be an Althusserian in the Wake of Badiou?</Subtitle>
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          <NameIdentifier>
            <NameIDType>21</NameIDType>
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          <PersonName>Sina Badiei</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Sina</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Badiei</KeyNames>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In  his  essay,  “Ideology  and  the  Ideological  State  Apparatus,”1  Althusser  proclaims  the  educational  apparatus  to  have  become  what  the  church  or  religious  apparatus  was  in  the Middle Ages. That is to say, the educational apparatuses are the ones where people are more effectively than anywhere else subjected to becoming subjects, in the negative sense of this term used in Althusser.The main reason he cites for this choice is that “no other ideological state apparatus has  the  obligatory  (and  not  least,  free)  audience  of  the  totality  of  the  children  in  the  capitalist social formation, eight hours a day for five or six days out of seven.”2 Yet if we were to accept what Althusser tells us, we can’t, overlook another phenomenon which has been emerging in our epoch; I am here referring to an article in one of the issues of The  Economist  magazine  where  concerned  parents  were  advised  not  to  send  their  children  to  schools  at  all  and  to  have  them  study  only  and  only  computer  program-ming from the earliest years if they wanted them to become successful in it professions. What can we make of this paradox?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In  his  essay,  “Ideology  and  the  Ideological  State  Apparatus,”1  Althusser  proclaims  the  educational  apparatus  to  have  become  what  the  church  or  religious  apparatus  was  in  the Middle Ages. That is to say, the educational apparatuses are the ones where people are more effectively than anywhere else subjected to becoming subjects, in the negative sense of this term used in Althusser.The main reason he cites for this choice is that “no other ideological state apparatus has  the  obligatory  (and  not  least,  free)  audience  of  the  totality  of  the  children  in  the  capitalist social formation, eight hours a day for five or six days out of seven.”2 Yet if we were to accept what Althusser tells us, we can’t, overlook another phenomenon which has been emerging in our epoch; I am here referring to an article in one of the issues of The  Economist  magazine  where  concerned  parents  were  advised  not  to  send  their  children  to  schools  at  all  and  to  have  them  study  only  and  only  computer  program-ming from the earliest years if they wanted them to become successful in it professions. What can we make of this paradox?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Badiei, Sina</PersonName>
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            <IDValue>10.21983/P3.0050.1.39</IDValue>
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        <NumberOfPages>12</NumberOfPages>
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        <TitleDetail>
          <TitleType>01</TitleType>
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            <TitleElementLevel>01</TitleElementLevel>
            <TitleText language="eng">Nevoja për arsim</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Si mund të vazhdojmë të jemi Altyserianë pas Badiusë?</Subtitle>
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          <NameIdentifier>
            <NameIDType>21</NameIDType>
            <IDValue>0000000238059636</IDValue>
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          <PersonName>Sina Badiei</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Sina</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Badiei</KeyNames>
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        <Contributor>
          <SequenceNumber>2</SequenceNumber>
          <ContributorRole>B06</ContributorRole>
          <PersonName>Jonida Gashi</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Jonida</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Gashi</KeyNames>
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          <LanguageRole>01</LanguageRole>
          <LanguageCode>alb</LanguageCode>
        </Language>
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          <LanguageRole>02</LanguageRole>
          <LanguageCode>eng</LanguageCode>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Në  sprovën  e  titulluar  “Ideologjia  dhe  aparatet  ideologjike  shtetërore”1  Altyser  dekla-ron se aparati arsimor ka zënë vendin që kisha ose aparati fetar kishte në Mesjetë. Kjo do  të  thotë  se  aparatet  arsimore  janë  ato  ku  më  shumë  se  kudo  tjetër  njerëzit  i  nën-strohen bërjes subjekt, në kuptimin e keq të kësaj fjale në përdorimin i saj prej Altyserit.Altyser e justifikon këtë me faktin se “asnjë aparat ideologjik shtetëror nuk ka si pu-blik  në  formimin  shoqëror  kapitalist  tërësinë  e  fëmijëve  për  nga  tetë  orë  në  ditë  dhe  pesë  ose  gjashtë  ditë  në  javë,  një  publik  që  është  njëkohësisht  i  detyruar  dhe  falas.”2Po ta merrnim për të mirëqenë atë që thotë Altyser atëherë do të duhej të merrnim në konsideratë edhe një fenomen që ka filluar të shfaqet në kohët tona; po i referohem një artikulli të publikuar në një numër të revistës The Economist ku prinderit e shqetësuar për  këtë  çështje  këshilloheshin  të  mos  i  dërgonin  fare  në  shkollë  fëmijët  e  tyre  dhe  t’i bënin ata të studjonin vetëm programim kompjuteri sa më herët në mënyrë që me kohë ata të bëheshin profesionistë informatike të suksesshëm. Si mund ta trajtojmë një paradoks të tillë?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Në  sprovën  e  titulluar  “Ideologjia  dhe  aparatet  ideologjike  shtetërore”1  Altyser  dekla-ron se aparati arsimor ka zënë vendin që kisha ose aparati fetar kishte në Mesjetë. Kjo do  të  thotë  se  aparatet  arsimore  janë  ato  ku  më  shumë  se  kudo  tjetër  njerëzit  i  nën-strohen bërjes subjekt, në kuptimin e keq të kësaj fjale në përdorimin i saj prej Altyserit.Altyser e justifikon këtë me faktin se “asnjë aparat ideologjik shtetëror nuk ka si pu-blik  në  formimin  shoqëror  kapitalist  tërësinë  e  fëmijëve  për  nga  tetë  orë  në  ditë  dhe  pesë  ose  gjashtë  ditë  në  javë,  një  publik  që  është  njëkohësisht  i  detyruar  dhe  falas.”2Po ta merrnim për të mirëqenë atë që thotë Altyser atëherë do të duhej të merrnim në konsideratë edhe një fenomen që ka filluar të shfaqet në kohët tona; po i referohem një artikulli të publikuar në një numër të revistës The Economist ku prinderit e shqetësuar për  këtë  çështje  këshilloheshin  të  mos  i  dërgonin  fare  në  shkollë  fëmijët  e  tyre  dhe  t’i bënin ata të studjonin vetëm programim kompjuteri sa më herët në mënyrë që me kohë ata të bëheshin profesionistë informatike të suksesshëm. Si mund ta trajtojmë një paradoks të tillë?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <ContentAudience>00</ContentAudience>
          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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          <CopyrightOwner>
            <PersonName>Badiji, Sina</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">The University Must Be Transcended</TitleText>
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          <ContributorRole>A01</ContributorRole>
          <PersonName>Nick Skiadopoulos</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Nick</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Skiadopoulos</KeyNames>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;It seems that I am not the only one here among us who linked the title of this confer-ence to Maurice Blanchot’s last work L’Écriture du désastre – a text that begins with the following  phrase:  “Le  désastre  ruine  tout  en  laissant  tout  en  l’état.”1  The  modality  of  disaster is thus to ruin everything while leaving everything in state. Destruction is not disposal,  what  is  destroyed  is  not  transferred  to  some  place  arranged  specifically  for  that purpose. If there is a place reserved for disaster it is only that of the ruin: what is destroyed remains there, on the same ground that once supported its coherency.But what of the state of our pedagogies? As much as I hate to utter banalities, peda-gogy (from Plutarch to Rousseau and up to the field of philosophy of education) is a word charged with agents, spaces, ceremonies, and unnamable desires. And whereas it can be distinguished from the administrative aspect of education, in that it assumes a more or less personal relationship between the educator and the educated, I take this distinction to be overtly metaphysical. Both pedagogy and its administrative aspect are technologies that can be viewed and analyzed on the same, immanent level. Pedagogy is administrative exactly because it is performative and administration is pedagogical in that it involves several forms of discipline. The strict distinction between a pedagogi-cal and an administrative aspect of education is thus a mere illusion. But it is a highly interesting one, exactly because it takes itself to be real, leading us to believe that had the balance between the administrative and the pedagogical been disturbed in favor of the former, humanities could face the danger of their destruction.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <ContentAudience>00</ContentAudience>
          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;It seems that I am not the only one here among us who linked the title of this confer-ence to Maurice Blanchot’s last work L’Écriture du désastre – a text that begins with the following  phrase:  “Le  désastre  ruine  tout  en  laissant  tout  en  l’état.”1  The  modality  of  disaster is thus to ruin everything while leaving everything in state. Destruction is not disposal,  what  is  destroyed  is  not  transferred  to  some  place  arranged  specifically  for  that purpose. If there is a place reserved for disaster it is only that of the ruin: what is destroyed remains there, on the same ground that once supported its coherency.But what of the state of our pedagogies? As much as I hate to utter banalities, peda-gogy (from Plutarch to Rousseau and up to the field of philosophy of education) is a word charged with agents, spaces, ceremonies, and unnamable desires. And whereas it can be distinguished from the administrative aspect of education, in that it assumes a more or less personal relationship between the educator and the educated, I take this distinction to be overtly metaphysical. Both pedagogy and its administrative aspect are technologies that can be viewed and analyzed on the same, immanent level. Pedagogy is administrative exactly because it is performative and administration is pedagogical in that it involves several forms of discipline. The strict distinction between a pedagogi-cal and an administrative aspect of education is thus a mere illusion. But it is a highly interesting one, exactly because it takes itself to be real, leading us to believe that had the balance between the administrative and the pedagogical been disturbed in favor of the former, humanities could face the danger of their destruction.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Skiadopoulos, Nick</PersonName>
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            <IDValue>10.21983/P3.0050.1.41</IDValue>
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          <FirstPageNumber>483</FirstPageNumber>
          <LastPageNumber>493</LastPageNumber>
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        <NumberOfPages>11</NumberOfPages>
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          <TitleType>01</TitleType>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Universiteti duhet tejkaluar</TitleText>
          </TitleElement>
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          <ContributorRole>A01</ContributorRole>
          <PersonName>Nick Skiadopoulos</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Nick</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Skiadopoulos</KeyNames>
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          <SequenceNumber>2</SequenceNumber>
          <ContributorRole>B06</ContributorRole>
          <PersonName>Jonida Gashi</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Jonida</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Gashi</KeyNames>
        </Contributor>
        <Language>
          <LanguageRole>01</LanguageRole>
          <LanguageCode>alb</LanguageCode>
        </Language>
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          <LanguageRole>02</LanguageRole>
          <LanguageCode>eng</LanguageCode>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Ështe e qartë se unë nuk jam i vetmi këtu mes nesh që ka bërë lidhjen midis titullit të kësaj konference dhe veprës së fundit të Moris Blanshosë [Maurice Blanchot] Shkrimi i shkatërrimit [L’Écriture du désastre] – një tekst që fillon me frazën vijuese: “Le désastre ruine tout en laissant tout en l’état – Shkatërrimi rrënon gjithçka, por duke lënë gjithç-ka të paprekur.”1 Modaliteti i shkatërrimit është të rrënojë gjithçka duke lënë gjithçka en  l’état.*  Shkatërrimi  nuk  është  flakje  tutje,  ajo  që  shkatërrohet  nuk  transferohet  në  ndonjë vend që ekziston apostafat për atë punë. Nëse ka ndonjë vend të rezervuar për shkatërrimin kjo është vetëm rrënoja: çfarë shkatërrohet mbetet atje, në të njëjtin vend që një herë e një kohë mbështeste koherencën e saj.Por  ç’mund  të  themi  për  gjendjen  e  pedagogjive  tona?  Megjithëse  urrej  të  them  banalitete, pedagogjia (duke filluar nga Plutarku, duke vazhduar me Russonë [Rousse-au], e deri tek sfera e filozofisë së arsimit) është një fjalë e ngarkuar me aktorë, hapësira, ceremoni  dhe  dëshira  pa  emër.  Dhe  ndonëse  ajo  mund  të  dallohet  prej  aspektit  ad-ministrative  të  arsimit,  sepse  ajo  nënkupton  një  marrëdhënie  pak  a  shumë  personale  midis  mësuesit  dhe  nxënësit,  për  mua  ky  dallim  është  ca  si  tepër  metafizik.  Si  peda-gogjia ashtu dhe aspekti administrativ i saj janë teknologji që mund të vërehen dhe të analizohen në të njëjtin plan imanent. Pedagogjia është administrative pikërisht sepse ajo është performative dhe administrata është pedagogjike sepse ajo përfshin forma të ndryshme disipline. Pra dallimi definitiv midis aspekteve pedagogjike dhe administra-tive të arsimit është thjesht një iluzion. Ama ai është një iluzion mjaft interesant, pikëri-sht sepse ai mendon se është i vërtetë, duke na bërë të mendojmë se nëse balanca midis administratives dhe pedagogjikes do të ishte lëkundur në favor të së parës, humanitetet do të mund të përballeshin me kërcënimin e shkatërrimit të tyre.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <TextContent>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Ështe e qartë se unë nuk jam i vetmi këtu mes nesh që ka bërë lidhjen midis titullit të kësaj konference dhe veprës së fundit të Moris Blanshosë [Maurice Blanchot] Shkrimi i shkatërrimit [L’Écriture du désastre] – një tekst që fillon me frazën vijuese: “Le désastre ruine tout en laissant tout en l’état – Shkatërrimi rrënon gjithçka, por duke lënë gjithç-ka të paprekur.”1 Modaliteti i shkatërrimit është të rrënojë gjithçka duke lënë gjithçka en  l’état.*  Shkatërrimi  nuk  është  flakje  tutje,  ajo  që  shkatërrohet  nuk  transferohet  në  ndonjë vend që ekziston apostafat për atë punë. Nëse ka ndonjë vend të rezervuar për shkatërrimin kjo është vetëm rrënoja: çfarë shkatërrohet mbetet atje, në të njëjtin vend që një herë e një kohë mbështeste koherencën e saj.Por  ç’mund  të  themi  për  gjendjen  e  pedagogjive  tona?  Megjithëse  urrej  të  them  banalitete, pedagogjia (duke filluar nga Plutarku, duke vazhduar me Russonë [Rousse-au], e deri tek sfera e filozofisë së arsimit) është një fjalë e ngarkuar me aktorë, hapësira, ceremoni  dhe  dëshira  pa  emër.  Dhe  ndonëse  ajo  mund  të  dallohet  prej  aspektit  ad-ministrative  të  arsimit,  sepse  ajo  nënkupton  një  marrëdhënie  pak  a  shumë  personale  midis  mësuesit  dhe  nxënësit,  për  mua  ky  dallim  është  ca  si  tepër  metafizik.  Si  peda-gogjia ashtu dhe aspekti administrativ i saj janë teknologji që mund të vërehen dhe të analizohen në të njëjtin plan imanent. Pedagogjia është administrative pikërisht sepse ajo është performative dhe administrata është pedagogjike sepse ajo përfshin forma të ndryshme disipline. Pra dallimi definitiv midis aspekteve pedagogjike dhe administra-tive të arsimit është thjesht një iluzion. Ama ai është një iluzion mjaft interesant, pikëri-sht sepse ai mendon se është i vërtetë, duke na bërë të mendojmë se nëse balanca midis administratives dhe pedagogjikes do të ishte lëkundur në favor të së parës, humanitetet do të mund të përballeshin me kërcënimin e shkatërrimit të tyre.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Skiadopulos, Nik</PersonName>
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          <LastPageNumber>507</LastPageNumber>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Compter sur l'impossible inexistant - To Rely on the Inexistent Impossible</TitleText>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;What is the value of the word “disaster”? This has been my first question, when I read the title of our meeting: “Pedagogies of the Disaster.” Its  value  is  certainly  linked  to  its  subjective  power:  today  we  feel  and  experiment  countless situations as pure disasters. Disaster is the name we give to our violent feeling that – if we speak as Marcellus did in Hamlet – “something is rotten” in all our States of Denmark. Yet, in spite of its apparent radicalism, the word “disaster” is not an elucidat-ing word. In fact, it easily becomes a consensual designation of an elusive state of things. For instance, most reactionary people would agree with the existence of disaster, as far as  education  is  concerned.  Furthermore,  when  you  speak  of  disaster,  you  cannot  say  which time you are in: After the disaster? Within the disaster? Before the disaster? At the eve of it? At its dawn? And then, what should be our task? Preventing the disaster? Overcoming it? In fact, “disaster” seems to me a noun that suspends time, and therefore suspends thought and action. Quoting John Van Houdt, I would like to highlight his interrogation: “We should hesitate before attributing any clear critical function to the rhetoric of disaster.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;What is the value of the word “disaster”? This has been my first question, when I read the title of our meeting: “Pedagogies of the Disaster.” Its  value  is  certainly  linked  to  its  subjective  power:  today  we  feel  and  experiment  countless situations as pure disasters. Disaster is the name we give to our violent feeling that – if we speak as Marcellus did in Hamlet – “something is rotten” in all our States of Denmark. Yet, in spite of its apparent radicalism, the word “disaster” is not an elucidat-ing word. In fact, it easily becomes a consensual designation of an elusive state of things. For instance, most reactionary people would agree with the existence of disaster, as far as  education  is  concerned.  Furthermore,  when  you  speak  of  disaster,  you  cannot  say  which time you are in: After the disaster? Within the disaster? Before the disaster? At the eve of it? At its dawn? And then, what should be our task? Preventing the disaster? Overcoming it? In fact, “disaster” seems to me a noun that suspends time, and therefore suspends thought and action. Quoting John Van Houdt, I would like to highlight his interrogation: “We should hesitate before attributing any clear critical function to the rhetoric of disaster.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Compter sur l'impossible inexistant - Të mbështetesh mbi të pamundurën joekzistuese</TitleText>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Çfarë vlere ka fjala “shkatërrim”? Kjo qe pyetja e parë që i bëra vetes kur lexova titullin e takimit tonë: “Pedagogjitë e shkatërrimit.” Padyshim që vlera e kësaj fjale lidhet me fuqinë e saj subjektive: Sot ne përjetojmë situata  të  panumërta  si  katastrofa  të  mirëfillta.  Shkatërrim  është  emri  që  ne  i  vëmë  ndjenjës  së  dhunshme  që  kemi  se  (po  të  shpreheshim  si  Marceli  tek  Hamleti)  “diçka  është kalbur”* në të tëra shtetet tona të Danimarkës. Por, megjithë radikalizmin e saj të dukshëm, fjala “shkatërrim” nuk është një fjalë sqaruese. Në fakt, shumë lehtë ajo mund të bëhet përcaktimi konsensual i një gjendje të përgjithshme të parrokshme. Për shem-bull, shumica e njerëzve reaksionarë do ta pranonin ekzistencën e shkatërrimit në arsim. Për më tepër, kur dikush flet për shkatërrimin, ai nuk mund të përcaktojë ekzaktësisht se  në  ç’kohë  ndodhet:  Pas  shkatërrimit?  Brenda  shkatërrimit?  Para  shkatërrimit?  Në  prag  të  tij?  Në  agimin  e  tij?  E  pastaj,  cila  duhet  të  jetë  detyra  jonë?  Të  parandalojmë  shkatërrimin? Ta mposhtim atë? Në fakt, “shkatërrim” më duket një emër që pezullon kohën  dhe  kësisoj  mendimin  dhe  veprimin.  Duke  cituar  Xhon  Van  Haut  [John  Van  Houdt], do të doja të theksoja hetimin e tij: “Duhet të hezitojmë para se t’i atribojmë një funksion të qartë kritik retorikës së shkatërrimit.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Çfarë vlere ka fjala “shkatërrim”? Kjo qe pyetja e parë që i bëra vetes kur lexova titullin e takimit tonë: “Pedagogjitë e shkatërrimit.” Padyshim që vlera e kësaj fjale lidhet me fuqinë e saj subjektive: Sot ne përjetojmë situata  të  panumërta  si  katastrofa  të  mirëfillta.  Shkatërrim  është  emri  që  ne  i  vëmë  ndjenjës  së  dhunshme  që  kemi  se  (po  të  shpreheshim  si  Marceli  tek  Hamleti)  “diçka  është kalbur”* në të tëra shtetet tona të Danimarkës. Por, megjithë radikalizmin e saj të dukshëm, fjala “shkatërrim” nuk është një fjalë sqaruese. Në fakt, shumë lehtë ajo mund të bëhet përcaktimi konsensual i një gjendje të përgjithshme të parrokshme. Për shem-bull, shumica e njerëzve reaksionarë do ta pranonin ekzistencën e shkatërrimit në arsim. Për më tepër, kur dikush flet për shkatërrimin, ai nuk mund të përcaktojë ekzaktësisht se  në  ç’kohë  ndodhet:  Pas  shkatërrimit?  Brenda  shkatërrimit?  Para  shkatërrimit?  Në  prag  të  tij?  Në  agimin  e  tij?  E  pastaj,  cila  duhet  të  jetë  detyra  jonë?  Të  parandalojmë  shkatërrimin? Ta mposhtim atë? Në fakt, “shkatërrim” më duket një emër që pezullon kohën  dhe  kësisoj  mendimin  dhe  veprimin.  Duke  cituar  Xhon  Van  Haut  [John  Van  Houdt], do të doja të theksoja hetimin e tij: “Duhet të hezitojmë para se t’i atribojmë një funksion të qartë kritik retorikës së shkatërrimit.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Article 1: Equality We want equality because, without it, it is impossible to develop our abilities. We are made to believe that we are not capable of reflection. But one must first of all understand that the student is not stupid and that knowledge is not merely acquired through academic learning. (It is possible to learn outside of academic institutions via our  own  personal  experiences.)  We  have  to  steer  clear  of  the  idea  that  a  student  can  no longer work or study after being deemed to have a lack of abilities when, in reality, students have equal abilities to those of the teacher.We  are  presented  with  an  already  constituted  knowledge;  we  are  in  its  shadow.  However,  knowledge  is  not  already  constituted,  it  has  to  be  reinvented.  Knowledge  is perpetual reinvention in order for a new invention of the thing itself to reemerge (a perpetual  reorganization  of  the  void).  Each  discipline  has  decisive  acts  in  which  we  would like to participate.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Article 1: Equality We want equality because, without it, it is impossible to develop our abilities. We are made to believe that we are not capable of reflection. But one must first of all understand that the student is not stupid and that knowledge is not merely acquired through academic learning. (It is possible to learn outside of academic institutions via our  own  personal  experiences.)  We  have  to  steer  clear  of  the  idea  that  a  student  can  no longer work or study after being deemed to have a lack of abilities when, in reality, students have equal abilities to those of the teacher.We  are  presented  with  an  already  constituted  knowledge;  we  are  in  its  shadow.  However,  knowledge  is  not  already  constituted,  it  has  to  be  reinvented.  Knowledge  is perpetual reinvention in order for a new invention of the thing itself to reemerge (a perpetual  reorganization  of  the  void).  Each  discipline  has  decisive  acts  in  which  we  would like to participate.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Neni 1: Barazia Duam të kemi barazi sepse pa të, është e pamundur të tregojmë aftësitë tona.Na  bëjnë  të  besojmë  se  nuk  jemi  të  aftë  për  të  reflektuar.  Por  në  fillim  duhet  pra-nuar se nxënësi nuk është budalla dhe se dija nuk fitohet vetëm me mësimet shkollore (Nga eksperiencat tona personale, është e mundur të mësosh edhe jashtë institucionit të shkollës). Duhet bërë çmos që nxënësi mos të punojë më i zhvlerësuar, për shkak të mohimit të aftësive të tij, ndërkohë që aftësitë tona janë të njëjta me ato të pedagogëve. Na  paraqesin  disa  dije  si  të  krijuara  tashmë  dhe  ne  duhet  të  jemi  nën  hijen  e  tyre.  Mirëpo,  dijet  nuk  janë  të  krijuara,  ato  duhet  të  rikrijohen.  Dijet  janë  një  rizbulim  i  vazhdueshëm që mundësojnë shfaqjen e një krijimi të ri të vetë gjëjës (riorganizimi i vazhdueshëm i boshit). Çdo disiplinë përmban akte vendimtare ku ne duam të marrim pjesë.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Neni 1: Barazia Duam të kemi barazi sepse pa të, është e pamundur të tregojmë aftësitë tona.Na  bëjnë  të  besojmë  se  nuk  jemi  të  aftë  për  të  reflektuar.  Por  në  fillim  duhet  pra-nuar se nxënësi nuk është budalla dhe se dija nuk fitohet vetëm me mësimet shkollore (Nga eksperiencat tona personale, është e mundur të mësosh edhe jashtë institucionit të shkollës). Duhet bërë çmos që nxënësi mos të punojë më i zhvlerësuar, për shkak të mohimit të aftësive të tij, ndërkohë që aftësitë tona janë të njëjta me ato të pedagogëve. Na  paraqesin  disa  dije  si  të  krijuara  tashmë  dhe  ne  duhet  të  jemi  nën  hijen  e  tyre.  Mirëpo,  dijet  nuk  janë  të  krijuara,  ato  duhet  të  rikrijohen.  Dijet  janë  një  rizbulim  i  vazhdueshëm që mundësojnë shfaqjen e një krijimi të ri të vetë gjëjës (riorganizimi i vazhdueshëm i boshit). Çdo disiplinë përmban akte vendimtare ku ne duam të marrim pjesë.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Dear friends,Hereby  I  would  like  to  welcome  you,  with  great  gratitude,  to  the  first  conference,  en-titled  “Pedagogies  of  Disaster,”  organized  and  hosted  by  online  academic  journal  con-tinent.  and  the  Departamenti  i  shqiponjave.  I  hope  you  will  allow  me  a  few  opening  words before passing the microphone to Christopher Fynsk, who will inaugurate this conference with an opening address.When I signed the funding contract with soros, one of the main sponsors of this conference, I signed under the condition that this conference would not engage in what is  called  “lobbying.”  Lobbying,  according  to  the  definition  that  was  presented  to  me,  means “certain efforts to influence legislation.” Without engaging in a thorough decon-structive reading of what such “certain efforts” may mean in the context of a conference dedicated to thinking through the current predicament of pedagogical practices in the humanities and philosophy in specific, I would like to share a short observation with you.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Dear friends,Hereby  I  would  like  to  welcome  you,  with  great  gratitude,  to  the  first  conference,  en-titled  “Pedagogies  of  Disaster,”  organized  and  hosted  by  online  academic  journal  con-tinent.  and  the  Departamenti  i  shqiponjave.  I  hope  you  will  allow  me  a  few  opening  words before passing the microphone to Christopher Fynsk, who will inaugurate this conference with an opening address.When I signed the funding contract with soros, one of the main sponsors of this conference, I signed under the condition that this conference would not engage in what is  called  “lobbying.”  Lobbying,  according  to  the  definition  that  was  presented  to  me,  means “certain efforts to influence legislation.” Without engaging in a thorough decon-structive reading of what such “certain efforts” may mean in the context of a conference dedicated to thinking through the current predicament of pedagogical practices in the humanities and philosophy in specific, I would like to share a short observation with you.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Të dashur miq, Më lejoni t’ju uroj mirëseardhjen, me mirënjohjen time më të thellë, tek konferenca e parë  e  organizuar  nga  revista  akademike  continent.  dhe  “Departamenti  i  shqiponjave,”  e titulluar “Pedagogjitë e shkatërrimit.” Shpresoj të më lejoni dy fjalë para se t’ia kaloj mikrofonin Kristofer Finskut, që ka për ta çelur këtë konferencë.Kur nënshkrova kontratën me soros-in, një nga sponsorët kryesorë të kësaj konfe-rence, nënshkrova me kushtin se kjo konferencë nuk do të angazhohej në atë që quhet “lobim.” Lobimi, sipas përkufizimit që më paraqitën, nënkupton “përpjekje të caktuara për të ndikuar mbi legjislacionin.” Pa dashur t’i futem një leximi të imët çndërtues mbi atë që do të nënkuptonin këto “përpjekje të caktuara” në kontekstin e një konference kushtuar mendimit të fatit të praktikave pedagogjike tek humanitetet dhe veçanërisht tek filozofia, do të doja të ndaja një vëzhgim të shkurtër me ju.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Të dashur miq, Më lejoni t’ju uroj mirëseardhjen, me mirënjohjen time më të thellë, tek konferenca e parë  e  organizuar  nga  revista  akademike  continent.  dhe  “Departamenti  i  shqiponjave,”  e titulluar “Pedagogjitë e shkatërrimit.” Shpresoj të më lejoni dy fjalë para se t’ia kaloj mikrofonin Kristofer Finskut, që ka për ta çelur këtë konferencë.Kur nënshkrova kontratën me soros-in, një nga sponsorët kryesorë të kësaj konfe-rence, nënshkrova me kushtin se kjo konferencë nuk do të angazhohej në atë që quhet “lobim.” Lobimi, sipas përkufizimit që më paraqitën, nënkupton “përpjekje të caktuara për të ndikuar mbi legjislacionin.” Pa dashur t’i futem një leximi të imët çndërtues mbi atë që do të nënkuptonin këto “përpjekje të caktuara” në kontekstin e një konference kushtuar mendimit të fatit të praktikave pedagogjike tek humanitetet dhe veçanërisht tek filozofia, do të doja të ndaja një vëzhgim të shkurtër me ju.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The phrase that directs our reflections on this occasion leads me back to a text that has haunted all of my reflections on pedagogy and the university over the past fifteen years (and thus everything I wrote in The Claim of Language,1 to which I would like to return briefly  in  these  pages).  I  refer  to  a  brief  essay  by  Jean-François  Lyotard  that  was  first  published in Critique in 1978 under the title, “Endurance and the Profession.”2 It is an enigmatic  text  if  only  for  the  fact  that  what  is  named  “endurance”  goes  entirely  unde-fined in what is, on its face, a rather dark and despairing reflection – almost as though “endurance” stands in lieu of that for which it might serve, but which cannot be named, some hope, for example. I remain astonished and intrigued by this essay, but I believe I may now understand something of why it has so haunted me, so I would like to take my orientation from it. Whether or not I am correct in my intuitions, I can at least offer it as an exceptionally intriguing example of what we might want to consider as a “pedagogy of disaster” – or at least an example of what might be a step toward such a thing.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The phrase that directs our reflections on this occasion leads me back to a text that has haunted all of my reflections on pedagogy and the university over the past fifteen years (and thus everything I wrote in The Claim of Language,1 to which I would like to return briefly  in  these  pages).  I  refer  to  a  brief  essay  by  Jean-François  Lyotard  that  was  first  published in Critique in 1978 under the title, “Endurance and the Profession.”2 It is an enigmatic  text  if  only  for  the  fact  that  what  is  named  “endurance”  goes  entirely  unde-fined in what is, on its face, a rather dark and despairing reflection – almost as though “endurance” stands in lieu of that for which it might serve, but which cannot be named, some hope, for example. I remain astonished and intrigued by this essay, but I believe I may now understand something of why it has so haunted me, so I would like to take my orientation from it. Whether or not I am correct in my intuitions, I can at least offer it as an exceptionally intriguing example of what we might want to consider as a “pedagogy of disaster” – or at least an example of what might be a step toward such a thing.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Fraza që përudh reflektimet tona me këtë rast më kthen tek një tekst që i ka munduar të gjithë reflektimet e mia mbi pedagogjinë dhe universitetin gjatë pesëmbëdhjetë viteve të  fundit  (dhe  kësisoj  gjithçka  që  shkruajta  tek  Pretendimi  i  gjuhës,1 një  libër  që  do  të  doja t’i rikthehesha shkurtimisht në këto faqe). E kam fjalën për një sprovë të shkurtër të  Zhan-Fransua  Liotarit  që  u  publikua  për  herë  të  parë  tek  Critique  në  1978-n  nën  ti-tullin “Qëndresa dhe profesioni.”2 Është një tekst enigmatik qoftë vetëm për faktin se ajo që quhet “qëndresë” nuk përkufizohet asnjëherë në çka është, në pamje të parë, një reflektim i errët dhe dëshpërues – sikur “qëndresa” të kishte zënë vendin e asaj së cilës mund t’i shërbente, por që nuk mund t’i gjendet emri, pak shpresë, për shembull. Edhe sot e kësaj dite kjo sprovë më shtang dhe më bën kureshtar, por besoj se tanimë kuptoj diçka  rreth  arsyes  pse  ajo  më  ka  munduar,  prandaj  dua  të  prihem  prej  saj.  Edhe  nëse  nuk jam i saktë në intuitat e mia, të paktën mund ta ofroj atë si një shembull kureshtar të asaj që ne ndoshta do të donim ta quanim një “pedagogji shkatërrimi” – ose të paktën një shembull të çka mund të përbënte një hap drejt diçkaje të tillë.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Fraza që përudh reflektimet tona me këtë rast më kthen tek një tekst që i ka munduar të gjithë reflektimet e mia mbi pedagogjinë dhe universitetin gjatë pesëmbëdhjetë viteve të  fundit  (dhe  kësisoj  gjithçka  që  shkruajta  tek  Pretendimi  i  gjuhës,1 një  libër  që  do  të  doja t’i rikthehesha shkurtimisht në këto faqe). E kam fjalën për një sprovë të shkurtër të  Zhan-Fransua  Liotarit  që  u  publikua  për  herë  të  parë  tek  Critique  në  1978-n  nën  ti-tullin “Qëndresa dhe profesioni.”2 Është një tekst enigmatik qoftë vetëm për faktin se ajo që quhet “qëndresë” nuk përkufizohet asnjëherë në çka është, në pamje të parë, një reflektim i errët dhe dëshpërues – sikur “qëndresa” të kishte zënë vendin e asaj së cilës mund t’i shërbente, por që nuk mund t’i gjendet emri, pak shpresë, për shembull. Edhe sot e kësaj dite kjo sprovë më shtang dhe më bën kureshtar, por besoj se tanimë kuptoj diçka  rreth  arsyes  pse  ajo  më  ka  munduar,  prandaj  dua  të  prihem  prej  saj.  Edhe  nëse  nuk jam i saktë në intuitat e mia, të paktën mund ta ofroj atë si një shembull kureshtar të asaj që ne ndoshta do të donim ta quanim një “pedagogji shkatërrimi” – ose të paktën një shembull të çka mund të përbënte një hap drejt diçkaje të tillë.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;When Plato sets out to think the possibility of a just city-state his inaugural gesture is to  name  a  practice  that  rivals  philosophy  and  its  ambition:  theater.  He  then  bans  its  very existence from the republic: theater in-exists in the just city. In his Eloge de théâtre, Alain Badiou identifies the rivalry with theater as constitutive for philosophy. That is to say, philosophy does not merely position itself with regard to theater, but comes to a sense of its own identity by excluding the theatrical.1 The stakes of this rivalry concern none  other  than  the  aisthēsis  –  the  presentation  or  appearing  –  of  the  city-state  itself.  In  philosophy’s  attempt  to  bring  order  to  the  appearances  of  the  city-state,  it  proves  impossible to accommodate the practice of theater, precisely because theater consists in an intervention into those appearances. For Plato, theater is a form of degraded imi-tation. The actor imitates the professions of the city, he presents the mere appearance of savoir-faire without being actually anchored in any productive exchange. Both the actor and the playwright are thus subtracted from Plato’s grand rule of justice: every person to  his  or  her  place  and  function.  It  is  for  this  reason  that  the  tragedians  are  expelled  from the city.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;When Plato sets out to think the possibility of a just city-state his inaugural gesture is to  name  a  practice  that  rivals  philosophy  and  its  ambition:  theater.  He  then  bans  its  very existence from the republic: theater in-exists in the just city. In his Eloge de théâtre, Alain Badiou identifies the rivalry with theater as constitutive for philosophy. That is to say, philosophy does not merely position itself with regard to theater, but comes to a sense of its own identity by excluding the theatrical.1 The stakes of this rivalry concern none  other  than  the  aisthēsis  –  the  presentation  or  appearing  –  of  the  city-state  itself.  In  philosophy’s  attempt  to  bring  order  to  the  appearances  of  the  city-state,  it  proves  impossible to accommodate the practice of theater, precisely because theater consists in an intervention into those appearances. For Plato, theater is a form of degraded imi-tation. The actor imitates the professions of the city, he presents the mere appearance of savoir-faire without being actually anchored in any productive exchange. Both the actor and the playwright are thus subtracted from Plato’s grand rule of justice: every person to  his  or  her  place  and  function.  It  is  for  this  reason  that  the  tragedians  are  expelled  from the city.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <PersonName>Feltham, Oliver</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Çshoqërizimi i shkollës</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Arsimi dhe zona e aksionit</Subtitle>
          </TitleElement>
        </TitleDetail>
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          <ContributorRole>A01</ContributorRole>
          <PersonName>Oliver Feltham</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Oliver</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Feltham</KeyNames>
          <ProfessionalAffiliation>
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              <AffiliationIDType>40</AffiliationIDType>
              <IDValue>05t197591</IDValue>
            </AffiliationIdentifier>
            <Affiliation>American University of Paris</Affiliation>
          </ProfessionalAffiliation>
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          <ContributorRole>B06</ContributorRole>
          <PersonName>Jonida Gashi</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Jonida</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Gashi</KeyNames>
        </Contributor>
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          <LanguageRole>01</LanguageRole>
          <LanguageCode>alb</LanguageCode>
        </Language>
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          <LanguageCode>eng</LanguageCode>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Kur  Platoni  nis  të  mendojë  mundësinë  e  një  qytet-shteti  të  vetëm,  gjesti  i  tij  fillestar  është  emërtimi  i  një  praktike  që  rivalizon  filozofinë  dhe  ambicjen  e  saj:  teatri.  Më  pas,  ai  ndalon  vetë  ekzistencën  e  tij  brenda  republikës:  teatri  joekziston  në  qytetin  e  drejtë.  Tek  libri  i  tij  Elozha  e  teatrit  Alen  Badiu  e  identifikon  rivalitetin  me  teatrin  si  themelor për filozofinë. Që do të thotë se filozofia jo vetëm që pozicionohet në raport me teatrin por se ajo ndërgjegjësohet për identitetin e saj duke përjashtuar teatralen.1Ajo çka është në lojë në këtë rivalitet ka të bëjë pikërisht me aisthēsis – me paraqitjen [presentation] ose shfaqjen [appearing] – e vetë qytet-shtetit. Në përpjekjet e filozofisë për  të  vënë  rregull  midis  shfaqjeve  të  qytet-shtetit,  del  se  është  e  pamundur  të  bëhet  vend për praktikën e teatrit, pikërisht sepse teatri konsiston në një ndërhyrje në këto shfaqje.  Për  Platonin  teatri  është  një  formë  imitimi  i  degraduar.  Aktori  imiton  profe-sionet  e  qytetit,  ai  paraqet  vetëm  pamjen  [appearance]  e  savoir-faire  pa  qenë  në  fakt  i  ankoruar në ndonjë shkëmbim të dobishëm. Kësisoj, si aktori ashtu edhe dramaturgu nuk përfshihen në rregullin e madh të drejtësisë të Platonit: çdo person në vendin dhe detyrën e vet. Kjo është arsyeja pse autorët tragjik përjashtohen nga qyteti.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Kur  Platoni  nis  të  mendojë  mundësinë  e  një  qytet-shteti  të  vetëm,  gjesti  i  tij  fillestar  është  emërtimi  i  një  praktike  që  rivalizon  filozofinë  dhe  ambicjen  e  saj:  teatri.  Më  pas,  ai  ndalon  vetë  ekzistencën  e  tij  brenda  republikës:  teatri  joekziston  në  qytetin  e  drejtë.  Tek  libri  i  tij  Elozha  e  teatrit  Alen  Badiu  e  identifikon  rivalitetin  me  teatrin  si  themelor për filozofinë. Që do të thotë se filozofia jo vetëm që pozicionohet në raport me teatrin por se ajo ndërgjegjësohet për identitetin e saj duke përjashtuar teatralen.1Ajo çka është në lojë në këtë rivalitet ka të bëjë pikërisht me aisthēsis – me paraqitjen [presentation] ose shfaqjen [appearing] – e vetë qytet-shtetit. Në përpjekjet e filozofisë për  të  vënë  rregull  midis  shfaqjeve  të  qytet-shtetit,  del  se  është  e  pamundur  të  bëhet  vend për praktikën e teatrit, pikërisht sepse teatri konsiston në një ndërhyrje në këto shfaqje.  Për  Platonin  teatri  është  një  formë  imitimi  i  degraduar.  Aktori  imiton  profe-sionet  e  qytetit,  ai  paraqet  vetëm  pamjen  [appearance]  e  savoir-faire  pa  qenë  në  fakt  i  ankoruar në ndonjë shkëmbim të dobishëm. Kësisoj, si aktori ashtu edhe dramaturgu nuk përfshihen në rregullin e madh të drejtësisë të Platonit: çdo person në vendin dhe detyrën e vet. Kjo është arsyeja pse autorët tragjik përjashtohen nga qyteti.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <CopyrightOwner>
            <PersonName>Feltham, Oliver</PersonName>
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          <FirstPageNumber>107</FirstPageNumber>
          <LastPageNumber>117</LastPageNumber>
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        <NumberOfPages>11</NumberOfPages>
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          <TitleType>01</TitleType>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Sandy Hook University</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Poetic Violence, Scope, and Style of Imagination</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Adam Staley Groves</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Adam Staley</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Groves</KeyNames>
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              <IDValue>01tgyzw49</IDValue>
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            <Affiliation>National University of Singapore</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The user in technics marks a departure for the human side of an ambit. Academia fol-lows the act: essays may be graded by software, e-readers track student eye movement reporting to an education manager what the student purportedly read. Increasingly, re-lation is deported to the online classroom or the hybrid space of Learning Management Systems.Purportedly serving intellectual freedom and humanity, universities will inevitably collapse  into  technics.  Our  lingering  delusion  that  state  universities  serve  a  national  purpose  and  preserve  this  alongside  the  interest  of  global  capitalism  is  well  known.  However this delusion, allusion, illusion is given, it is powered by imagination and the human task is to reclaim access and care for it. Technological order, what governs sig-nificantly the production of the world and the presentation of nature to human thought has quickly placed the imagination as its final prize. Conversely if the university mirage cast a shadow over the reality of technics, the other side of an imaginative ambit opens toward an ethics of imagination.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <TextContent>
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          <ContentAudience>00</ContentAudience>
          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The user in technics marks a departure for the human side of an ambit. Academia fol-lows the act: essays may be graded by software, e-readers track student eye movement reporting to an education manager what the student purportedly read. Increasingly, re-lation is deported to the online classroom or the hybrid space of Learning Management Systems.Purportedly serving intellectual freedom and humanity, universities will inevitably collapse  into  technics.  Our  lingering  delusion  that  state  universities  serve  a  national  purpose  and  preserve  this  alongside  the  interest  of  global  capitalism  is  well  known.  However this delusion, allusion, illusion is given, it is powered by imagination and the human task is to reclaim access and care for it. Technological order, what governs sig-nificantly the production of the world and the presentation of nature to human thought has quickly placed the imagination as its final prize. Conversely if the university mirage cast a shadow over the reality of technics, the other side of an imaginative ambit opens toward an ethics of imagination.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <ContentAudience>00</ContentAudience>
          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Groves, Adam Staley</PersonName>
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            <IDValue>10.21983/P3.0050.1.09</IDValue>
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          <FirstPageNumber>119</FirstPageNumber>
          <LastPageNumber>125</LastPageNumber>
        </PageRun>
        <NumberOfPages>7</NumberOfPages>
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          <TitleType>01</TitleType>
          <TitleElement>
            <TitleElementLevel>01</TitleElementLevel>
            <TitleText language="eng">Universiteti "Sandy Hook"</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Dhuna poetike, fusha e veprimit dhe stili i imagjinatës</Subtitle>
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          <NameIdentifier>
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            <IDValue>0000000218421327</IDValue>
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          <PersonName>Adam Staley Groves</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Adam Staley</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Groves</KeyNames>
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              <AffiliationIDType>40</AffiliationIDType>
              <IDValue>01tgyzw49</IDValue>
            </AffiliationIdentifier>
            <Affiliation>National University of Singapore</Affiliation>
          </ProfessionalAffiliation>
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          <ContributorRole>B06</ContributorRole>
          <PersonName>Jonida Gashi</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Jonida</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Gashi</KeyNames>
        </Contributor>
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          <LanguageCode>alb</LanguageCode>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Përdoruesi në teknikë shënon një shkëputje për aspektin njerëzor të një shtrirje. Aka-demia ndjek veprimin: sprovat mund të vlerësohen përmes softuarit, e-readers ndjekin lëvizjen e syrit të studentit dhe i raportojnë një menaxheri arsimor atë që mendohet se nxënësi ka lexuar. Gjithmonë e më tepër lidhja mërgohet në klasën online ose hapësirat hibride të Sistemeve të Menaxhimit të Mësimit [Learning Management Systems].Gjoja në shërbim të lirisë intelektuale dhe njerëzimit, në mënyrë të pashmangshme universitetet  do  të  palosen  në  teknikë.  Iluzioni  ynë  se  universitetet  shtetërore  i  shër-bejnë  çështjes  kombëtare  dhe  e  ruajnë  atë  karshi  interesave  të  kapitalizmit  global  dihet. Sido që ky mashtrim, aluzion, iluzion manifestohet, ai mundësohet prej imagji-natës dhe detyra njerëzore është të rifitojë hyrje tek ajo dhe të kujdeset për të. Rendi teknologjik,  ai  që  qeveris  prodhimin  e  botës  dhe  paraqitjen  e  natyrës  në  mënyrë  do-methënëse për mendimin njerëzor, shumë shpejt e ka bërë imagjinatën çmimin e tij të fundit.  Anasjelltas,  nëse  mirazhi  i  universitetit  hedh  një  hije  mbi  realitetin  e  teknikës,  ana tjetër e një shtrirje imagjinuese hapet drejt një etike të imagjinatës.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Përdoruesi në teknikë shënon një shkëputje për aspektin njerëzor të një shtrirje. Aka-demia ndjek veprimin: sprovat mund të vlerësohen përmes softuarit, e-readers ndjekin lëvizjen e syrit të studentit dhe i raportojnë një menaxheri arsimor atë që mendohet se nxënësi ka lexuar. Gjithmonë e më tepër lidhja mërgohet në klasën online ose hapësirat hibride të Sistemeve të Menaxhimit të Mësimit [Learning Management Systems].Gjoja në shërbim të lirisë intelektuale dhe njerëzimit, në mënyrë të pashmangshme universitetet  do  të  palosen  në  teknikë.  Iluzioni  ynë  se  universitetet  shtetërore  i  shër-bejnë  çështjes  kombëtare  dhe  e  ruajnë  atë  karshi  interesave  të  kapitalizmit  global  dihet. Sido që ky mashtrim, aluzion, iluzion manifestohet, ai mundësohet prej imagji-natës dhe detyra njerëzore është të rifitojë hyrje tek ajo dhe të kujdeset për të. Rendi teknologjik,  ai  që  qeveris  prodhimin  e  botës  dhe  paraqitjen  e  natyrës  në  mënyrë  do-methënëse për mendimin njerëzor, shumë shpejt e ka bërë imagjinatën çmimin e tij të fundit.  Anasjelltas,  nëse  mirazhi  i  universitetit  hedh  një  hije  mbi  realitetin  e  teknikës,  ana tjetër e një shtrirje imagjinuese hapet drejt një etike të imagjinatës.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <ContentAudience>00</ContentAudience>
          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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          <CopyrightOwner>
            <PersonName>Grouvz, Adam Stejli</PersonName>
          </CopyrightOwner>
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          <LastPageNumber>133</LastPageNumber>
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        <NumberOfPages>7</NumberOfPages>
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            <TitleText language="eng">A Call for Thinking (The Disaster)</TitleText>
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          <ContributorRole>A01</ContributorRole>
          <PersonName>Julia Hölzl</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Julia</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Hölzl</KeyNames>
          <ProfessionalAffiliation>
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              <AffiliationIDType>40</AffiliationIDType>
              <IDValue>04g3mbv81</IDValue>
            </AffiliationIdentifier>
            <Affiliation>European Graduate School</Affiliation>
          </ProfessionalAffiliation>
          <ProfessionalAffiliation>
            <AffiliationIdentifier>
              <AffiliationIDType>40</AffiliationIDType>
              <IDValue>016476m91</IDValue>
            </AffiliationIdentifier>
            <Affiliation>University of Aberdeen</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This  is  to  think  thinking  as  such.  As  such,  the  thinking  to  be  thought  here  is  to  give  thought to thinking or, rather, to give back thought to thinking. For it is here, as it was elsewhere,  at  the  National  Historical  Museum  in  Tirana  that  is,  that  I  want  to  think  the elsewhere; an elsewhere to no end. For it is here, where everything seems to have come to yet another end (philosophy, history, the world as such), here, where the end, it seems, has become an end in itself, that there is also no end to the end of the university– be it “in ruins” (as Bill Readings named his book2), be it “in crisis” or be it simply “yet to  come.”  Here,  however,  I  do  not  wish  to  dwell  in  the  ruins  of  the  university.3  Long  declared dead, I do not want to deliver yet another eulogy, for it is precisely with and by its end that the university is violently brought back to its roots (= its etymology) of being a/s “whole.” The university, today, once again, is made universal: the university is made, the university no longer makes. Here I wish to violently break this vicious circle, as if it were a circle. Here I will, for once, and perhaps only once, and only for such once perhaps, pretend to be able to step outside – just once. Here, to come full circle, I will attempt to step outside these crises and think on thinking – as if it were possible. Here, if you allow me this metaphysical faux pas, I want to step back, outside these beyonds, and to reexamine Derrida’s question: “Today, how can we not speak of the university?”4Today, thirty years after, how can we not speak of the university, but instead re-open the Heideggerian  call  for  thinking?5  How  can  we,  then,  today,  not  speak  of  the  university,  but instead rethink the question of thinking?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This  is  to  think  thinking  as  such.  As  such,  the  thinking  to  be  thought  here  is  to  give  thought to thinking or, rather, to give back thought to thinking. For it is here, as it was elsewhere,  at  the  National  Historical  Museum  in  Tirana  that  is,  that  I  want  to  think  the elsewhere; an elsewhere to no end. For it is here, where everything seems to have come to yet another end (philosophy, history, the world as such), here, where the end, it seems, has become an end in itself, that there is also no end to the end of the university– be it “in ruins” (as Bill Readings named his book2), be it “in crisis” or be it simply “yet to  come.”  Here,  however,  I  do  not  wish  to  dwell  in  the  ruins  of  the  university.3  Long  declared dead, I do not want to deliver yet another eulogy, for it is precisely with and by its end that the university is violently brought back to its roots (= its etymology) of being a/s “whole.” The university, today, once again, is made universal: the university is made, the university no longer makes. Here I wish to violently break this vicious circle, as if it were a circle. Here I will, for once, and perhaps only once, and only for such once perhaps, pretend to be able to step outside – just once. Here, to come full circle, I will attempt to step outside these crises and think on thinking – as if it were possible. Here, if you allow me this metaphysical faux pas, I want to step back, outside these beyonds, and to reexamine Derrida’s question: “Today, how can we not speak of the university?”4Today, thirty years after, how can we not speak of the university, but instead re-open the Heideggerian  call  for  thinking?5  How  can  we,  then,  today,  not  speak  of  the  university,  but instead rethink the question of thinking?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <CopyrightOwner>
            <PersonName>Hölzl, Julia </PersonName>
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          <FirstPageNumber>135</FirstPageNumber>
          <LastPageNumber>146</LastPageNumber>
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          <TitleType>01</TitleType>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Një thirrje për të menduar (shkatërrimin)</TitleText>
          </TitleElement>
        </TitleDetail>
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          <ContributorRole>A01</ContributorRole>
          <PersonName>Julia Hölzl</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Julia</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Hölzl</KeyNames>
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              <AffiliationIDType>40</AffiliationIDType>
              <IDValue>04g3mbv81</IDValue>
            </AffiliationIdentifier>
            <Affiliation>European Graduate School</Affiliation>
          </ProfessionalAffiliation>
          <ProfessionalAffiliation>
            <AffiliationIdentifier>
              <AffiliationIDType>40</AffiliationIDType>
              <IDValue>016476m91</IDValue>
            </AffiliationIdentifier>
            <Affiliation>University of Aberdeen</Affiliation>
          </ProfessionalAffiliation>
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          <ContributorRole>B06</ContributorRole>
          <PersonName>Jonida Gashi</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Jonida</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Gashi</KeyNames>
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          <LanguageCode>alb</LanguageCode>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Kjo do të thotë të mendosh vetë të menduarit. Kështu pra, të menduarit që duhet men-duar këtu është t’i japim mendim të menduarit, ose më saktë, t’ia kthejmë mendimin të menduarit. Spese është pikërisht këtu, siç ishte gjetkë, në Muzeun Historik Kombëtar në Tiranë, që unë dua ta mendoj këtë gjetkë; një gjetkë deri në pafundësi. Sepse është pikërisht  këtu,  ku  gjithçka  duket  se  ka  arritur  një  tjetër  fund  (filozofia,  historia,  vetë  bota),  këtu,  ku  fundi,  me  sa  duket,  është  bërë  një  qëllim  në  vetvete,  që  nuk  i  gjendet  fundi as edhe universitetit – qoftë kjo “në rrënoja” (siç e quajti Bill Redings librin e tij2), qoftë “në krizë” ose thjesht “akoma duke ardhur.” Këtu, megjithatë, nuk dua të mbetem tek rrënojat e universitetit.3 I shpallur i vdekur prej kohësh, nuk dua të jap edhe një tjetër elozh, sepse është me dhe përems fundit të tij që universiteti rikthehet, dhunshëm, tek rrënjët e tij (= etimologjinë e tij) i të qënit i/një plotë/si “tërësi.” Universiteti, sot, edhe një  here,  bëhet  universal:  universiteti  bëhet,  universiteti  nuk  bën  më.  Këtu  unë  dua  ta thyej dhunshëm këtë rreth vicioz, si të ishte një rreth. Këtu, të paktën njëherë, dhe ndoshta  vetëm  njëherë,  unë  do  të  pretendoj  se  mund  të  dal  jashtë  –  vetëm  njëherë.  Këtu, të kthehemi aty ku u nisëm, unë do të përpiqem të dal jashtë këtyre rrathëve dhe të mendoj rreth të menduarit – sikur kjo të ishte e mundur. Këtu, nëse ma lejoni këtë faux pas metafizik, unë dua të bëj një hap mbrapa, jashtë këtyre të përtejshmeve, dhe të  rishikoj  pyetjen  e  Derridasë:  “Si  mund  të  mos  flasim,  sot,  për  universitetin?”4  Sot,  tridhjetë vjet më vonë, si mund të mos flasim për universitetin, por në vend të kësaj të rihapim thirrjen e Hajdegerit për të menduarit?5 Si mundemi ne, atëherë, sot, të mos flasim për universitetin, por të rimendojmë çështjen e të menduarit?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <TextContent>
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          <ContentAudience>00</ContentAudience>
          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Kjo do të thotë të mendosh vetë të menduarit. Kështu pra, të menduarit që duhet men-duar këtu është t’i japim mendim të menduarit, ose më saktë, t’ia kthejmë mendimin të menduarit. Spese është pikërisht këtu, siç ishte gjetkë, në Muzeun Historik Kombëtar në Tiranë, që unë dua ta mendoj këtë gjetkë; një gjetkë deri në pafundësi. Sepse është pikërisht  këtu,  ku  gjithçka  duket  se  ka  arritur  një  tjetër  fund  (filozofia,  historia,  vetë  bota),  këtu,  ku  fundi,  me  sa  duket,  është  bërë  një  qëllim  në  vetvete,  që  nuk  i  gjendet  fundi as edhe universitetit – qoftë kjo “në rrënoja” (siç e quajti Bill Redings librin e tij2), qoftë “në krizë” ose thjesht “akoma duke ardhur.” Këtu, megjithatë, nuk dua të mbetem tek rrënojat e universitetit.3 I shpallur i vdekur prej kohësh, nuk dua të jap edhe një tjetër elozh, sepse është me dhe përems fundit të tij që universiteti rikthehet, dhunshëm, tek rrënjët e tij (= etimologjinë e tij) i të qënit i/një plotë/si “tërësi.” Universiteti, sot, edhe një  here,  bëhet  universal:  universiteti  bëhet,  universiteti  nuk  bën  më.  Këtu  unë  dua  ta thyej dhunshëm këtë rreth vicioz, si të ishte një rreth. Këtu, të paktën njëherë, dhe ndoshta  vetëm  njëherë,  unë  do  të  pretendoj  se  mund  të  dal  jashtë  –  vetëm  njëherë.  Këtu, të kthehemi aty ku u nisëm, unë do të përpiqem të dal jashtë këtyre rrathëve dhe të mendoj rreth të menduarit – sikur kjo të ishte e mundur. Këtu, nëse ma lejoni këtë faux pas metafizik, unë dua të bëj një hap mbrapa, jashtë këtyre të përtejshmeve, dhe të  rishikoj  pyetjen  e  Derridasë:  “Si  mund  të  mos  flasim,  sot,  për  universitetin?”4  Sot,  tridhjetë vjet më vonë, si mund të mos flasim për universitetin, por në vend të kësaj të rihapim thirrjen e Hajdegerit për të menduarit?5 Si mundemi ne, atëherë, sot, të mos flasim për universitetin, por të rimendojmë çështjen e të menduarit?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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          <CopyrightOwner>
            <PersonName>Hëlcël, Julia </PersonName>
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          <TextItemType>03</TextItemType>
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            <IDValue>10.21983/P3.0050.1.12</IDValue>
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          <FirstPageNumber>147</FirstPageNumber>
          <LastPageNumber>161</LastPageNumber>
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        <NumberOfPages>15</NumberOfPages>
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        <TitleDetail>
          <TitleType>01</TitleType>
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            <TitleElementLevel>01</TitleElementLevel>
            <TitleText language="eng">The Rhetoric of Disaster</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Surviving the End of the Humanities</Subtitle>
          </TitleElement>
        </TitleDetail>
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          <SequenceNumber>1</SequenceNumber>
          <ContributorRole>A01</ContributorRole>
          <PersonName>John Van Houdt</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>John</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Van Houdt</KeyNames>
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            <AffiliationIdentifier>
              <AffiliationIDType>40</AffiliationIDType>
              <IDValue>04b8v1s79</IDValue>
            </AffiliationIdentifier>
            <Affiliation>Tilburg University</Affiliation>
          </ProfessionalAffiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In this paper I will present a potential critical use of the rhetoric of disaster or what I will sometimes call “disaster speak,” borrowing largely from Blanchot’s analysis in The Writing  of  the  Disaster.  So  what  is  the  present  “disaster”  we  are  talking  about  at  this  conference? For those working in and around academia today, it is hard to ignore the substantial  changes  the  university  is  undergoing  especially  in  the  humanities.  To  wit,  this generally recognized change in the university has given way to serious prognostica-tions  of  the  “end  of  the  university.”  On  this  count,  the  humanities  have  outpaced  the  university itself. In my own discipline, philosophy, for instance, talk about the “end of philosophy” has been a common theme for at least a century or so. There are plenty of reasons  for  the  prevalence  of  disaster-speak  in  our  current  situation  (many  of  which  have  little  to  do  with  the  university);  and  there  is  certainly  no  dearth  of  examples  of  disaster-speak applied to the situation of the university in general and the humanities in  particular.2  In  what  follows  I  will  bracket  the  question  of  whether  in  fact  the  “end  is nigh” and focus on the rhetoric of that impending disaster to evaluate a strategy for deflating the catastrophic sense of impending doom invoked by disaster-speak.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <ContentAudience>00</ContentAudience>
          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In this paper I will present a potential critical use of the rhetoric of disaster or what I will sometimes call “disaster speak,” borrowing largely from Blanchot’s analysis in The Writing  of  the  Disaster.  So  what  is  the  present  “disaster”  we  are  talking  about  at  this  conference? For those working in and around academia today, it is hard to ignore the substantial  changes  the  university  is  undergoing  especially  in  the  humanities.  To  wit,  this generally recognized change in the university has given way to serious prognostica-tions  of  the  “end  of  the  university.”  On  this  count,  the  humanities  have  outpaced  the  university itself. In my own discipline, philosophy, for instance, talk about the “end of philosophy” has been a common theme for at least a century or so. There are plenty of reasons  for  the  prevalence  of  disaster-speak  in  our  current  situation  (many  of  which  have  little  to  do  with  the  university);  and  there  is  certainly  no  dearth  of  examples  of  disaster-speak applied to the situation of the university in general and the humanities in  particular.2  In  what  follows  I  will  bracket  the  question  of  whether  in  fact  the  “end  is nigh” and focus on the rhetoric of that impending disaster to evaluate a strategy for deflating the catastrophic sense of impending doom invoked by disaster-speak.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <ContentAudience>00</ContentAudience>
          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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          <CopyrightOwner>
            <PersonName>Van Houdt, John</PersonName>
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        <LevelSequenceNumber>13</LevelSequenceNumber>
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          <TextItemType>03</TextItemType>
          <TextItemIdentifier>
            <TextItemIDType>06</TextItemIDType>
            <IDValue>10.21983/P3.0050.1.13</IDValue>
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          <FirstPageNumber>163</FirstPageNumber>
          <LastPageNumber>174</LastPageNumber>
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        <NumberOfPages>12</NumberOfPages>
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          <EpubLicenseName>Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported license (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0).</EpubLicenseName>
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        <TitleDetail>
          <TitleType>01</TitleType>
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            <TitleElementLevel>01</TitleElementLevel>
            <TitleText language="eng">Retorika e shkatërrimit</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">T'i mbijetojmë fundit të humaniteteve</Subtitle>
          </TitleElement>
        </TitleDetail>
        <Contributor>
          <SequenceNumber>1</SequenceNumber>
          <ContributorRole>A01</ContributorRole>
          <PersonName>John Van Houdt</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>John</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Van Houdt</KeyNames>
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            <AffiliationIdentifier>
              <AffiliationIDType>40</AffiliationIDType>
              <IDValue>04b8v1s79</IDValue>
            </AffiliationIdentifier>
            <Affiliation>Tilburg University</Affiliation>
          </ProfessionalAffiliation>
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          <ContributorRole>B06</ContributorRole>
          <PersonName>Jonida Gashi</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Jonida</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Gashi</KeyNames>
        </Contributor>
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          <LanguageCode>alb</LanguageCode>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Në këtë artikull do të paraqis një përdorim potencialisht kritik të retorikës së shkatërri-mit, që herë pas here kam për ta quajtur edhe e folura e shkatërrimit, duke u mbështetur kryesisht  mbi  analizen  e  Blanshosë  tek  Shkrimi  i  shkatërrimit.  Cili  është  “shkatërrimi”  për  të  cilin  jemi  duke  folur  në  këtë  konferencë?  Për  ata  që  punojnë  brenda  ose  rreth  akademisë  sot,  është  e  vështirë  të  shpërfillësh  ndryshimet  e  qenësishme  që  po  kalon  universiteti  e  veçanërisht  humanitetet.  Që  do  të  thotë,  ky  ndryshim  brenda  universi-tetit, që në përgjithësi njihet, i ka hapur rrugën prognostikimeve serioze të “fundit” të universitetit. Në këtë pikë, humanitetet ia kanë kaluar vetë universitetit. Në disiplinën time,  filozofi,  për  shembull,  ka  rreth  një  shekull  që  flitet  për  “fundin  e  filozofisë.”  Ka  shumë  arsye  pse  e  folura  e  shkatërrimit  është  kaq  e  përhapur  në  situatën  në  të  cilën  ndodhemi (shumë prej të cilave nuk kanë të bëjnë me universitetin); dhe sigurisht që shembuj  të  së  folurës  së  shkatërrimit  mbi  situatën  e  universitetit  në  përgjithësi  dhe  të  humaniteteve  në  veçanti  nuk  mungojnë.2  Në  çka  vijon  kam  për  të  vënë  mënjanë  pyetjen nëse fundi është vërtetë afër, duke u përqëndruar tek retorika e atij shkatërrimi që zëre se ka ardhur për të vlerësuar një strategji për të shfryrë ndjesinë katastrofike të fundit që provokon e folura e shkatërrimit.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <ContentAudience>00</ContentAudience>
          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Në këtë artikull do të paraqis një përdorim potencialisht kritik të retorikës së shkatërri-mit, që herë pas here kam për ta quajtur edhe e folura e shkatërrimit, duke u mbështetur kryesisht  mbi  analizen  e  Blanshosë  tek  Shkrimi  i  shkatërrimit.  Cili  është  “shkatërrimi”  për  të  cilin  jemi  duke  folur  në  këtë  konferencë?  Për  ata  që  punojnë  brenda  ose  rreth  akademisë  sot,  është  e  vështirë  të  shpërfillësh  ndryshimet  e  qenësishme  që  po  kalon  universiteti  e  veçanërisht  humanitetet.  Që  do  të  thotë,  ky  ndryshim  brenda  universi-tetit, që në përgjithësi njihet, i ka hapur rrugën prognostikimeve serioze të “fundit” të universitetit. Në këtë pikë, humanitetet ia kanë kaluar vetë universitetit. Në disiplinën time,  filozofi,  për  shembull,  ka  rreth  një  shekull  që  flitet  për  “fundin  e  filozofisë.”  Ka  shumë  arsye  pse  e  folura  e  shkatërrimit  është  kaq  e  përhapur  në  situatën  në  të  cilën  ndodhemi (shumë prej të cilave nuk kanë të bëjnë me universitetin); dhe sigurisht që shembuj  të  së  folurës  së  shkatërrimit  mbi  situatën  e  universitetit  në  përgjithësi  dhe  të  humaniteteve  në  veçanti  nuk  mungojnë.2  Në  çka  vijon  kam  për  të  vënë  mënjanë  pyetjen nëse fundi është vërtetë afër, duke u përqëndruar tek retorika e atij shkatërrimi që zëre se ka ardhur për të vlerësuar një strategji për të shfryrë ndjesinë katastrofike të fundit që provokon e folura e shkatërrimit.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <ContentAudience>00</ContentAudience>
          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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          <CopyrightOwner>
            <PersonName>Van Haut, Xhon</PersonName>
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          <FirstPageNumber>175</FirstPageNumber>
          <LastPageNumber>184</LastPageNumber>
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        <NumberOfPages>10</NumberOfPages>
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        <TitleDetail>
          <TitleType>01</TitleType>
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            <TitleElementLevel>01</TitleElementLevel>
            <TitleText language="eng">A Passion for Yes</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Coming Out and Affirmation</Subtitle>
          </TitleElement>
        </TitleDetail>
        <Contributor>
          <SequenceNumber>1</SequenceNumber>
          <ContributorRole>A01</ContributorRole>
          <NameIdentifier>
            <NameIDType>21</NameIDType>
            <IDValue>0000000316374261</IDValue>
          </NameIdentifier>
          <PersonName>Vincent W.J. van Gerven Oei</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Vincent W.J.</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>van Gerven Oei</KeyNames>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;I would like to offer you today the beginnings of a meditation on the word yes, on the gesture of affirmation. We should take great care not to conflate affirmation and saying yes – saying it once, twice, or many times over – and in which language? – all too easily. As I will try to elucidate, there is an abyss between saying yes and affirming that is not easily crossed, let alone bridged.One of my entry points will be Jacques Derrida’s essay on this word – but is it really a word? – in James Joyce’s Ulysses,1 which opens with the question of the translatability of the French oui, but which concerns as well – though through different inflections – the  English  yes,  Dutch  ja,  or  Albanian  po.  One  could  even  say  that  Derrida  grafts  the  question of translatability as such onto this word, which in French first answers to the ouïe,  “I  hear,”  as  a  response  to  a  call,  as  the  word  in  which  communicability  as  such  is  at  stake.  He  reminds  us  that  yes  also  names  language  itself,  not  only  in  the  sense  of langue  d’oïl  or  langue  d’oc,2  the  two  main  French  dialect  groups  which  derive  their  names from their respective ancient words for yes, but also because “the affirmation of a language through itself is untranslatable.”3 And indeed names themselves are notori-ously untranslatable, because they – especially the proper ones – hook into reality in a  way  that  always  suggests  a  more  intimate  relation  between  language  and  the  world  than linguists would want us to believe. I would invite anyone who doubts this to drive through the Kosovar countryside and observe the place name signs. The linguistically unstable status of yes – as adverb, interjection, or some other outsider category – only adds to its supposedly untranslatable status. And yet, it is the first word of any foreign language we venture to learn.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;I would like to offer you today the beginnings of a meditation on the word yes, on the gesture of affirmation. We should take great care not to conflate affirmation and saying yes – saying it once, twice, or many times over – and in which language? – all too easily. As I will try to elucidate, there is an abyss between saying yes and affirming that is not easily crossed, let alone bridged.One of my entry points will be Jacques Derrida’s essay on this word – but is it really a word? – in James Joyce’s Ulysses,1 which opens with the question of the translatability of the French oui, but which concerns as well – though through different inflections – the  English  yes,  Dutch  ja,  or  Albanian  po.  One  could  even  say  that  Derrida  grafts  the  question of translatability as such onto this word, which in French first answers to the ouïe,  “I  hear,”  as  a  response  to  a  call,  as  the  word  in  which  communicability  as  such  is  at  stake.  He  reminds  us  that  yes  also  names  language  itself,  not  only  in  the  sense  of langue  d’oïl  or  langue  d’oc,2  the  two  main  French  dialect  groups  which  derive  their  names from their respective ancient words for yes, but also because “the affirmation of a language through itself is untranslatable.”3 And indeed names themselves are notori-ously untranslatable, because they – especially the proper ones – hook into reality in a  way  that  always  suggests  a  more  intimate  relation  between  language  and  the  world  than linguists would want us to believe. I would invite anyone who doubts this to drive through the Kosovar countryside and observe the place name signs. The linguistically unstable status of yes – as adverb, interjection, or some other outsider category – only adds to its supposedly untranslatable status. And yet, it is the first word of any foreign language we venture to learn.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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          <CopyrightOwner>
            <PersonName>van Gerven Oei, Vincent W.J.</PersonName>
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        <NumberOfPages>6</NumberOfPages>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Një pasion për po-në</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Dalja hapur dhe pohimi</Subtitle>
          </TitleElement>
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          <NameIdentifier>
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            <IDValue>0000000316374261</IDValue>
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          <PersonName>Vincent W.J. van Gerven Oei</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Vincent W.J.</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>van Gerven Oei</KeyNames>
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              <IDValue>016476m91</IDValue>
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            <Affiliation>University of Aberdeen</Affiliation>
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            <WebsiteDescription>Own website</WebsiteDescription>
            <WebsiteLink>http://www.vangervenoei.com/</WebsiteLink>
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          <ContributorRole>B06</ContributorRole>
          <PersonName>Jonida Gashi</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Jonida</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Gashi</KeyNames>
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          <LanguageCode>alb</LanguageCode>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Do  të  doja  t’ju  ofroja  sot  fillimin  e  një  përsiatje  mbi  fjalen  po,  mbi  gjestin  e  pohimit.  Duhet të kemi kujdes të mos ngatërrojmë pohimin me thënien po – një herë, dy herë, apo më tepër – dhe në çfarë gjuhe? – ca si tepër lehtë. Siç do të përpiqem të qartësoj, ekziston  një  humnerë  midis  thënies  po  dhe  pohimit  që  nuk  kapërcehet  –  e  jo  më  të  bashkohet  – lehtësisht.Një  nga  pikënisjet  e  mia  do  te  jetë  sprova  e  Zhak  Derridasë  mbi  këtë  fjalë  –  a  është ajo ama vërtet një fjalë? – tek Uliksi i Xhejms Xhojsit,1 e cila fillon me cështjen e përkthyeshmërisë së fjalës franceze oui, por që ka të bëjë gjithashtu – ndonëse nëpërmjet eptimeve të tjera – me fjalën angleze yes, atë hollandeze ja, apo shqiptaren po. Mund të themi madje se Derrida transplanton pyetjen e përkthyeshmërisë në tërësinë e saj tek kjo fjalë, e cila në frëngjisht i përgjigjet fillimishtouïe, “dëgjoj,” si një përgjigje ndaj një thirrjeje,  si  fjala  ku  shprehshmëria  vetë  është  në  lojë.  Ai  na  kujton  se  po  emërton  gji-thashtu vetë gjuhën, jo thjesht në kuptimin e langue d’oïl ose langue d’oc,2 dy grupimet dialektore  kryesore  në  frëngjisht,  emrat  e  të  cilave  rrjedhin  prej  flalëve  të  lashta  për-katëse për po në to, por edhe sepse “vetëpohimi i një gjuhe është i papërkthyeshëm.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Do  të  doja  t’ju  ofroja  sot  fillimin  e  një  përsiatje  mbi  fjalen  po,  mbi  gjestin  e  pohimit.  Duhet të kemi kujdes të mos ngatërrojmë pohimin me thënien po – një herë, dy herë, apo më tepër – dhe në çfarë gjuhe? – ca si tepër lehtë. Siç do të përpiqem të qartësoj, ekziston  një  humnerë  midis  thënies  po  dhe  pohimit  që  nuk  kapërcehet  –  e  jo  më  të  bashkohet  – lehtësisht.Një  nga  pikënisjet  e  mia  do  te  jetë  sprova  e  Zhak  Derridasë  mbi  këtë  fjalë  –  a  është ajo ama vërtet një fjalë? – tek Uliksi i Xhejms Xhojsit,1 e cila fillon me cështjen e përkthyeshmërisë së fjalës franceze oui, por që ka të bëjë gjithashtu – ndonëse nëpërmjet eptimeve të tjera – me fjalën angleze yes, atë hollandeze ja, apo shqiptaren po. Mund të themi madje se Derrida transplanton pyetjen e përkthyeshmërisë në tërësinë e saj tek kjo fjalë, e cila në frëngjisht i përgjigjet fillimishtouïe, “dëgjoj,” si një përgjigje ndaj një thirrjeje,  si  fjala  ku  shprehshmëria  vetë  është  në  lojë.  Ai  na  kujton  se  po  emërton  gji-thashtu vetë gjuhën, jo thjesht në kuptimin e langue d’oïl ose langue d’oc,2 dy grupimet dialektore  kryesore  në  frëngjisht,  emrat  e  të  cilave  rrjedhin  prej  flalëve  të  lashta  për-katëse për po në to, por edhe sepse “vetëpohimi i një gjuhe është i papërkthyeshëm.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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          <CopyrightOwner>
            <PersonName>van Herven Uj, Vinsent V.J. </PersonName>
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        <NumberOfPages>13</NumberOfPages>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Welcoming the Stranger</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">From Social Inclusion to Exilic Education</Subtitle>
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          <SequenceNumber>1</SequenceNumber>
          <ContributorRole>A01</ContributorRole>
          <PersonName>Edith Doron</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Edith</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Doron</KeyNames>
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              <AffiliationIDType>40</AffiliationIDType>
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            <Affiliation>University of Aberdeen</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;I open with this poem on the arrival of the stranger and the question of community be-cause it speaks to the difference between the gesture of social inclusion legitimated by Kantian cosmopolitan ideals and translated into multicultural education in museums on  one  side,  and  the  gesture  of  welcoming  the  stranger  on  the  other.  It  speaks  to  the  difference between reception of the other as an interested act, as part of the struggle for recognition for the sake of being-at-home and therefore as an act that constitutes one’s sovereign ipseity on one side, and the encounter with the other for whom no common frontier exists and yet whose proximity creates the uncanny dispossession of home, the internal sense of an undoing. It speaks to the non-ground of community for which “I” and  “you”  are  not  individuals  of  a  common  concept.  Among  the  poem’s  diversity  of  dwellings, a “we” emerges to perform the fiction of a social bond. The Stranger departs and  returns  to  the  desert  –  there  where  hospitality  is  a  matter  of  life  or  death  –  but  his  utterance  remains  to  make  a  desert  of  those  dwellings  in  the  mind  where  sover-eign Identity lives as master; when for an instant astonishment makes Identity a guest.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;I open with this poem on the arrival of the stranger and the question of community be-cause it speaks to the difference between the gesture of social inclusion legitimated by Kantian cosmopolitan ideals and translated into multicultural education in museums on  one  side,  and  the  gesture  of  welcoming  the  stranger  on  the  other.  It  speaks  to  the  difference between reception of the other as an interested act, as part of the struggle for recognition for the sake of being-at-home and therefore as an act that constitutes one’s sovereign ipseity on one side, and the encounter with the other for whom no common frontier exists and yet whose proximity creates the uncanny dispossession of home, the internal sense of an undoing. It speaks to the non-ground of community for which “I” and  “you”  are  not  individuals  of  a  common  concept.  Among  the  poem’s  diversity  of  dwellings, a “we” emerges to perform the fiction of a social bond. The Stranger departs and  returns  to  the  desert  –  there  where  hospitality  is  a  matter  of  life  or  death  –  but  his  utterance  remains  to  make  a  desert  of  those  dwellings  in  the  mind  where  sover-eign Identity lives as master; when for an instant astonishment makes Identity a guest.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <ContentAudience>00</ContentAudience>
          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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          <CopyrightOwner>
            <PersonName>Doron, Edith</PersonName>
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        <LevelSequenceNumber>17</LevelSequenceNumber>
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            <TextItemIDType>06</TextItemIDType>
            <IDValue>10.21983/P3.0050.1.17</IDValue>
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          <FirstPageNumber>205</FirstPageNumber>
          <LastPageNumber>213</LastPageNumber>
        </PageRun>
        <NumberOfPages>9</NumberOfPages>
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        <TitleDetail>
          <TitleType>01</TitleType>
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            <TitleElementLevel>01</TitleElementLevel>
            <TitleText language="eng">Mirëpritja e të huajit</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Nga përshirja sociale tek arsimi mërgimtar</Subtitle>
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          <ContributorRole>A01</ContributorRole>
          <PersonName>Edith Doron</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Edith</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Doron</KeyNames>
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              <IDValue>016476m91</IDValue>
            </AffiliationIdentifier>
            <Affiliation>University of Aberdeen</Affiliation>
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          <ContributorRole>B06</ContributorRole>
          <PersonName>Jonida Gashi</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Jonida</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Gashi</KeyNames>
        </Contributor>
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          <LanguageCode>alb</LanguageCode>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Filloj  me  këtë  poezi  mbi  ardhjen  e  të  huajit  dhe  çështjen  e  komunitetit  sepse  ajo  i  drejtohet, nga njëra anë, dallimit midis gjestit të përfshirjes sociale të legjitimuar nga idealet  kozmopolite  kantiane  dhe  të  përkthyer  në  arsimin  multikulturor  nëpër  muze  dhe,  nga  ana  tjetër,  gjestit  të  mirëpritjes  së  të  huajit.  Ajo  i  drejtohet,  nga  njëra  anë,  dallimit  midis  pritjes  së  tjetrit  si  një  akt  i  interesuar,  si  pjesë  e  një  beteje  për  njohje  [recognition]  për  hir  të  të-qenit-si-në-shtëpi  dhe  kësisoj  si  një  akt  që  vendos  vetësinë  [ipseity]  sovrane  të  dikujt  dhe,  nga  ana  tjetër,  takimit  me  tjetrin  për  të  cilin  nuk  ekziston  asnjë  kufi  i  përbashkët  por  afërsia  e  të  cilit  krijon  megjithatë  shpronësimin  tur-bullues të shtëpisë, ndjenjën e brendshme të një zhbërje. Ajo i drejtohet joterrenit të komunitetit për të cilin “unë” dhe “ti” nuk jemi individë të një koncepti të përbashkët. Midis  shumëllojshmërisë  së  banesave  të  poezisë,  lind  një  “ne”  për  të  performuar  saji-min  [fiction]  e  një  lidhje  sociale.  I  huaji  largohet  dhe  kthehet  në  shkretëtirë  –  atje  ku  mikpritja është një çështje jete ose vdekje – por shqiptimi i tij mbetet për të kthyer në një shkretëtirë ato banesa në mendje ku Identiteti sovran jeton si zot; kur për një çast habija e bën identitetin një mysafir&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Filloj  me  këtë  poezi  mbi  ardhjen  e  të  huajit  dhe  çështjen  e  komunitetit  sepse  ajo  i  drejtohet, nga njëra anë, dallimit midis gjestit të përfshirjes sociale të legjitimuar nga idealet  kozmopolite  kantiane  dhe  të  përkthyer  në  arsimin  multikulturor  nëpër  muze  dhe,  nga  ana  tjetër,  gjestit  të  mirëpritjes  së  të  huajit.  Ajo  i  drejtohet,  nga  njëra  anë,  dallimit  midis  pritjes  së  tjetrit  si  një  akt  i  interesuar,  si  pjesë  e  një  beteje  për  njohje  [recognition]  për  hir  të  të-qenit-si-në-shtëpi  dhe  kësisoj  si  një  akt  që  vendos  vetësinë  [ipseity]  sovrane  të  dikujt  dhe,  nga  ana  tjetër,  takimit  me  tjetrin  për  të  cilin  nuk  ekziston  asnjë  kufi  i  përbashkët  por  afërsia  e  të  cilit  krijon  megjithatë  shpronësimin  tur-bullues të shtëpisë, ndjenjën e brendshme të një zhbërje. Ajo i drejtohet joterrenit të komunitetit për të cilin “unë” dhe “ti” nuk jemi individë të një koncepti të përbashkët. Midis  shumëllojshmërisë  së  banesave  të  poezisë,  lind  një  “ne”  për  të  performuar  saji-min  [fiction]  e  një  lidhje  sociale.  I  huaji  largohet  dhe  kthehet  në  shkretëtirë  –  atje  ku  mikpritja është një çështje jete ose vdekje – por shqiptimi i tij mbetet për të kthyer në një shkretëtirë ato banesa në mendje ku Identiteti sovran jeton si zot; kur për një çast habija e bën identitetin një mysafir&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Doron, Edit</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">"Occupy Baghdad"</TitleText>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Occupy Baghdad is a project that takes as its main premise the idea of non-physical oc-cupation, in other words: how the image and idea of Iraq has been occupied by cultural and  artistic  production.  The  inception  of  this  project  was  marked  by  strange  “coinci-dence”  that  occurred  when  I  had  decided,  in  late  2011,  to  do  something  I  had  never  done before: take my own family archive as material for artistic research.Remake of Paul Chan’s “Baghdad in No Particular Order”As an Iraqi born refugee who has never been to Iraq, and having grown up in the Neth-erlands  since  1993,  I  decided  to  work  through  fourteen  vhs  tapes  of  footage  that  my  father had filmed during his first trip back to Baghdad in 2003. About one month after the fall of Saddam Hussein’s dictatorship following the American invasion – or occupa-tion – this trip marked a return after 25 years of forced exile. An artist himself, he took it  on  himself  to  conduct  interviews  with  other  artists  and  intellectuals  in  an  attempt  to recount the way in which cultural production in Iraq had been affected during Sad-dam’s Ba’athist regime.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Occupy Baghdad is a project that takes as its main premise the idea of non-physical oc-cupation, in other words: how the image and idea of Iraq has been occupied by cultural and  artistic  production.  The  inception  of  this  project  was  marked  by  strange  “coinci-dence”  that  occurred  when  I  had  decided,  in  late  2011,  to  do  something  I  had  never  done before: take my own family archive as material for artistic research.Remake of Paul Chan’s “Baghdad in No Particular Order”As an Iraqi born refugee who has never been to Iraq, and having grown up in the Neth-erlands  since  1993,  I  decided  to  work  through  fourteen  vhs  tapes  of  footage  that  my  father had filmed during his first trip back to Baghdad in 2003. About one month after the fall of Saddam Hussein’s dictatorship following the American invasion – or occupa-tion – this trip marked a return after 25 years of forced exile. An artist himself, he took it  on  himself  to  conduct  interviews  with  other  artists  and  intellectuals  in  an  attempt  to recount the way in which cultural production in Iraq had been affected during Sad-dam’s Ba’athist regime.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">"Occupy Baghdad"</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Mbi pushtimin e imazheve</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Jonida Gashi</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Occupy Baghdad është një projekt premisa kryesore e të cilit është ideja s një pushtimi jofizik, e thënë ndryshe: se si imazhi dhe ideja e Irakut janë pushtuar nga prodhimtaria kulturore dhe artistike. Zanafilla e këtij projekti u shënua nga një “rastësi” e çuditshme që ndodhi kur unë vendosa, në fund të 2011-s, të bëj diçka që nuk e kisha bërë kurrë më parë: të përdorja arkivat e familjes time si material për kërkim artistik.Rikrijimi i “Bagdadit jo sipas ndonjë renditje të caktuar” të Pol ÇanitSi një refugjate e lindur irakene por që nuk ka qenë asnjëherë në Irak dhe që qysh prej vitit  1993  është  rritur  në  Hollandë,  vendosa  të  punoj  me  katërmbëdhjetë  kasetat  me  regjistrime që kishte xhiruar im atë gjatë udhëtimit të tij të pare atje në 2003-shin. Ky udhëtim, rreth një muaj pas rënies së diktaturës së Sadam Huseinit pas pushtimit ameri-kan, ishte një kthim në Bagdad pas 25 vitesh mërgimi të detyruar. Duke qenë vetë artist, im atë mori përsipër të intervistonte artistë dhe intelektualë të tjerë për të përshkruar se si prodhimtaria kulturore në Irak ishte prekur prej regjimit baatist të Sadamit.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Occupy Baghdad është një projekt premisa kryesore e të cilit është ideja s një pushtimi jofizik, e thënë ndryshe: se si imazhi dhe ideja e Irakut janë pushtuar nga prodhimtaria kulturore dhe artistike. Zanafilla e këtij projekti u shënua nga një “rastësi” e çuditshme që ndodhi kur unë vendosa, në fund të 2011-s, të bëj diçka që nuk e kisha bërë kurrë më parë: të përdorja arkivat e familjes time si material për kërkim artistik.Rikrijimi i “Bagdadit jo sipas ndonjë renditje të caktuar” të Pol ÇanitSi një refugjate e lindur irakene por që nuk ka qenë asnjëherë në Irak dhe që qysh prej vitit  1993  është  rritur  në  Hollandë,  vendosa  të  punoj  me  katërmbëdhjetë  kasetat  me  regjistrime që kishte xhiruar im atë gjatë udhëtimit të tij të pare atje në 2003-shin. Ky udhëtim, rreth një muaj pas rënies së diktaturës së Sadam Huseinit pas pushtimit ameri-kan, ishte një kthim në Bagdad pas 25 vitesh mërgimi të detyruar. Duke qenë vetë artist, im atë mori përsipër të intervistonte artistë dhe intelektualë të tjerë për të përshkruar se si prodhimtaria kulturore në Irak ishte prekur prej regjimit baatist të Sadamit.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In 2007, philosopher Vincent van Gerven Oei and myself came across a leaked file doc-umenting an interrogation at Guantánamo prison in Cuba, which had been distributed through  the  website  of  Time  Magazine.  The  log  contained  a  detailed  report  of  three  months of interrogation of Mohammed Mani Ahmed al-Khatani, the supposed “20th hijacker” of the attacks on the Twin Towers and the Pentagon in 2001.The report caught our interest specifically because of the nature of the torture tech-niques  involved.  Apart  from  the  terrifying  torture  method  called  water  boarding,  we  were  struck  by  the  use  of  popular  culture  as  means  of  “torturing”  the  prisoner.  The  guards  severely  disoriented  al-Khatani  by  moving  him  to  different  closed  darkened  spaces, which made it impossible for him to grasp the time of day or the direction in which he, as a Muslim, was supposed send his prayers. Subsequently, they deregulated his  sleep  pattern,  upon  which  his  general  sense  of  disorientation  became  even  more  severe.  This  set  the  theatrical  stage  for  the  guards  to  subject  al-Khatani  to  a  complex  of contemporary cultural iconography. He was, for example, exposed to loud popular music, such as songs by Metallica, Eminem, and Christina Aguilera’s song “Dirrty.” Al-Khatani was further subjected to images of pin-up girls, non-halal Burger King food, and stroboscope lights. These are all symbols of Western “liberation,” which in the con-text of Guantánamo obtain extremely oppressive dimensions. Or rather, in this context that the extremely oppressive dimensions already present in these symbols of so-called liberation become unbearably visible.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In 2007, philosopher Vincent van Gerven Oei and myself came across a leaked file doc-umenting an interrogation at Guantánamo prison in Cuba, which had been distributed through  the  website  of  Time  Magazine.  The  log  contained  a  detailed  report  of  three  months of interrogation of Mohammed Mani Ahmed al-Khatani, the supposed “20th hijacker” of the attacks on the Twin Towers and the Pentagon in 2001.The report caught our interest specifically because of the nature of the torture tech-niques  involved.  Apart  from  the  terrifying  torture  method  called  water  boarding,  we  were  struck  by  the  use  of  popular  culture  as  means  of  “torturing”  the  prisoner.  The  guards  severely  disoriented  al-Khatani  by  moving  him  to  different  closed  darkened  spaces, which made it impossible for him to grasp the time of day or the direction in which he, as a Muslim, was supposed send his prayers. Subsequently, they deregulated his  sleep  pattern,  upon  which  his  general  sense  of  disorientation  became  even  more  severe.  This  set  the  theatrical  stage  for  the  guards  to  subject  al-Khatani  to  a  complex  of contemporary cultural iconography. He was, for example, exposed to loud popular music, such as songs by Metallica, Eminem, and Christina Aguilera’s song “Dirrty.” Al-Khatani was further subjected to images of pin-up girls, non-halal Burger King food, and stroboscope lights. These are all symbols of Western “liberation,” which in the con-text of Guantánamo obtain extremely oppressive dimensions. Or rather, in this context that the extremely oppressive dimensions already present in these symbols of so-called liberation become unbearably visible.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Në  2007-n,  filozofi  Vinsent  van  Herven  Uj  dhe  unë  ndeshëm  një  dosje  të  klasifikuar  që  dokumentonte  një  interrogim  në  burgun  e  Guantanamos  në  Kubë,  e  cila  ishte  shpërndarë përmes website-it të Time Magazine. Kabllogrami përmbante një raport të detajuar  të  interrogimit  përgjatë  tre  muajve  të  Mohamed  Mani  Ahmed  Al-Katani,  që  presupozohej të ishte rrëmbyesi i 20-të i sulmeve mbi Kullat Binjake dhe Pentagonin në 2001-shin.Në  veçanti  raporti  na  tërhoqi  vëmendjen  për  shkak  të  natyrës  së  teknikave  të  tor-tures  që  ishin  përdorur.  Përveç  metodës  së  tmerrshme  të  tortures  të  quajtur  water boarding,  na  la  përshtypje  përdorimi  i  kulturës  pop  si  një  mjet  për  të  “torturuar”  të  burgosurin.  Rojet  e  çorientonin  thellësisht  Al-Katanin  duke  e  lëvizur  nëpër  vende  të  ndryshme të errëta, gjë që e bënte të pamundur për të të rrokte kohën ose drejtimin në të cilin ai, si një mysliman, duhej të drejtonte lutjet e tij. Më pas, ata i çrregulluan edhe gjumin, duke bërë që ndjesia e përgjithme e çorientimit që ai kishte të thellohej akoma më tepër. E gjithë kjo ngriti skenën teatrale në të cilën Al-Katanin iu nënshtrua një iko-nografie komplekse të kulturës bashkëkohore. Për shembull, ai iu nënshtrua dëgjimit të muzikës së zhurmët, si këngë nga Metallica, Eminem, dhe këngës “Dirrty” të Kristina Agileras.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Në  2007-n,  filozofi  Vinsent  van  Herven  Uj  dhe  unë  ndeshëm  një  dosje  të  klasifikuar  që  dokumentonte  një  interrogim  në  burgun  e  Guantanamos  në  Kubë,  e  cila  ishte  shpërndarë përmes website-it të Time Magazine. Kabllogrami përmbante një raport të detajuar  të  interrogimit  përgjatë  tre  muajve  të  Mohamed  Mani  Ahmed  Al-Katani,  që  presupozohej të ishte rrëmbyesi i 20-të i sulmeve mbi Kullat Binjake dhe Pentagonin në 2001-shin.Në  veçanti  raporti  na  tërhoqi  vëmendjen  për  shkak  të  natyrës  së  teknikave  të  tor-tures  që  ishin  përdorur.  Përveç  metodës  së  tmerrshme  të  tortures  të  quajtur  water boarding,  na  la  përshtypje  përdorimi  i  kulturës  pop  si  një  mjet  për  të  “torturuar”  të  burgosurin.  Rojet  e  çorientonin  thellësisht  Al-Katanin  duke  e  lëvizur  nëpër  vende  të  ndryshme të errëta, gjë që e bënte të pamundur për të të rrokte kohën ose drejtimin në të cilin ai, si një mysliman, duhej të drejtonte lutjet e tij. Më pas, ata i çrregulluan edhe gjumin, duke bërë që ndjesia e përgjithme e çorientimit që ai kishte të thellohej akoma më tepër. E gjithë kjo ngriti skenën teatrale në të cilën Al-Katanin iu nënshtrua një iko-nografie komplekse të kulturës bashkëkohore. Për shembull, ai iu nënshtrua dëgjimit të muzikës së zhurmët, si këngë nga Metallica, Eminem, dhe këngës “Dirrty” të Kristina Agileras.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;How to give a voice to others? How to invite a voice to articulate itself and further, to be heard. Amidst my own voicelessness and speechlessness while working in a location of foreign language. Focused on the process of including the voice/s of the barely audible in an academic conference.during the “reading on disaster” intervention i chose a different location in tirana each day as to create a small space of possible participation. my popcorn bike as a mobile seminar room shaped the center of those imaginary spaces, providing each day’s text in multiple copies, each day’s motto as well as papers and pens.every day i worked on site, intervening the city with the purpose to engage thinking about education, the future of education in albania. collecting wishes/dreams/desires as to bring not only one voice but voices, combined in a manifesto medley envisioning an imaginary future to the “pedagogies of disaster” conference.to trigger the agency of reflection and vision telling i had selected texts on education and/or knowledge production; texts by irit rogoff, boyan manchev, hakim bey, yael navaro-yashin, tim ingold, and jacques rancière. out of these texts the following daily mottos were chosen:potentialities; the critical realm [...] is by definition void; poetic ter-rorism; in the midst of the piles of the debris of knowledge production; movement is knowing; knowing is nothing. doing is everything.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;How to give a voice to others? How to invite a voice to articulate itself and further, to be heard. Amidst my own voicelessness and speechlessness while working in a location of foreign language. Focused on the process of including the voice/s of the barely audible in an academic conference.during the “reading on disaster” intervention i chose a different location in tirana each day as to create a small space of possible participation. my popcorn bike as a mobile seminar room shaped the center of those imaginary spaces, providing each day’s text in multiple copies, each day’s motto as well as papers and pens.every day i worked on site, intervening the city with the purpose to engage thinking about education, the future of education in albania. collecting wishes/dreams/desires as to bring not only one voice but voices, combined in a manifesto medley envisioning an imaginary future to the “pedagogies of disaster” conference.to trigger the agency of reflection and vision telling i had selected texts on education and/or knowledge production; texts by irit rogoff, boyan manchev, hakim bey, yael navaro-yashin, tim ingold, and jacques rancière. out of these texts the following daily mottos were chosen:potentialities; the critical realm [...] is by definition void; poetic ter-rorism; in the midst of the piles of the debris of knowledge production; movement is knowing; knowing is nothing. doing is everything.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Ndërhyrje "Të lexojmë mbi shkatërrimin"</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Imagjinaret në praktikat pjesëmarrëse artistike</Subtitle>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Si  t’iu  japim  zë  të  tjerëve?  Si  të  ftojmë  një  zë  të  nyjëtohet  e  me  tej  të  dëgjohet.  Mes  pazëshmërisë  dhe  pagojësisë  time  ndërsa  punoja  në  një  vend  me  gjuhë  të  huaj.  E  përqëndruar  tek  përfshirja  e  zërit/zërave  thuajse  të  padëgjuar  në  një  konferencë  aka-demike.gjatë ndërhyrjes “të lexojmë mbi shkatërrimin” zgjodha çdo ditë nga një vend të ndryshëm me qëllim për të krijuar një hapësirë sado të vogël pjesëmarrje të mundshme. biçikleta ime e kokoshkave, si një dhomë lëvizëse seminaresh, përbënte qendrën e atyre hapësirave imagjinare, duke ofruar tekstet e secilës ditë në kopje të shumëfishta, moton e secilës ditë si dhe fletë dhe stilolapsa.punova çdo ditë në vendndodhje, duke ndërhyrë në qytet për të angazhuar të menduarit mbi arsimin, të ardhmen e arsimit në shqipëri. duke mbledhur dëshira/ëndrra për të përcjellë jo një zë por shumë zëra, të përmbledhura në një manifest që pa-rapërfytyronte një të ardhme imagjinare të konferencës mbi “pedagogjitë e shkatërrimit.”për të ndezur kapacitetin për refleksion dhe vizion kisha përzgjedhur disa tekste mbi arsimin dhe/ose prodhimin e dijes; tekste nga irit rogoff, boyan manchev, hakim bey, yael navaro-yashin, tim ingold, dhe jacques rancière. prej këtyre teksteve u zgjodhën motot e përditshme në vijim:potencialitete; sfera kritike [...] është me përkufizim bosh; terrorizëm poetik; mes pirgjeve të gërmadhave të prodhimit të dijes; të lëvizësh është të dish; të dish nuk është asgjë. të bësh është gjithçka!&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Si  t’iu  japim  zë  të  tjerëve?  Si  të  ftojmë  një  zë  të  nyjëtohet  e  me  tej  të  dëgjohet.  Mes  pazëshmërisë  dhe  pagojësisë  time  ndërsa  punoja  në  një  vend  me  gjuhë  të  huaj.  E  përqëndruar  tek  përfshirja  e  zërit/zërave  thuajse  të  padëgjuar  në  një  konferencë  aka-demike.gjatë ndërhyrjes “të lexojmë mbi shkatërrimin” zgjodha çdo ditë nga një vend të ndryshëm me qëllim për të krijuar një hapësirë sado të vogël pjesëmarrje të mundshme. biçikleta ime e kokoshkave, si një dhomë lëvizëse seminaresh, përbënte qendrën e atyre hapësirave imagjinare, duke ofruar tekstet e secilës ditë në kopje të shumëfishta, moton e secilës ditë si dhe fletë dhe stilolapsa.punova çdo ditë në vendndodhje, duke ndërhyrë në qytet për të angazhuar të menduarit mbi arsimin, të ardhmen e arsimit në shqipëri. duke mbledhur dëshira/ëndrra për të përcjellë jo një zë por shumë zëra, të përmbledhura në një manifest që pa-rapërfytyronte një të ardhme imagjinare të konferencës mbi “pedagogjitë e shkatërrimit.”për të ndezur kapacitetin për refleksion dhe vizion kisha përzgjedhur disa tekste mbi arsimin dhe/ose prodhimin e dijes; tekste nga irit rogoff, boyan manchev, hakim bey, yael navaro-yashin, tim ingold, dhe jacques rancière. prej këtyre teksteve u zgjodhën motot e përditshme në vijim:potencialitete; sfera kritike [...] është me përkufizim bosh; terrorizëm poetik; mes pirgjeve të gërmadhave të prodhimit të dijes; të lëvizësh është të dish; të dish nuk është asgjë. të bësh është gjithçka!&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <Affiliation>University of Aberdeen</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;We are students, professors, people with or without jobs, with children or young our-selves. Who demand.We aim for an adequate education of European standard. Meaning better schools, aca-demic freedom, more study possibilities, language classes and choice of language in our studies.  As  well  as  a  focus  on  Albanian  language  and  expression.  Meaning  improved  physical environments at universities and most definitely no corruption.We ask students to be more idealistic and active, work for a common progress in educa-tion as well as follow the rules and excercise their rights.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;We are students, professors, people with or without jobs, with children or young our-selves. Who demand.We aim for an adequate education of European standard. Meaning better schools, aca-demic freedom, more study possibilities, language classes and choice of language in our studies.  As  well  as  a  focus  on  Albanian  language  and  expression.  Meaning  improved  physical environments at universities and most definitely no corruption.We ask students to be more idealistic and active, work for a common progress in educa-tion as well as follow the rules and excercise their rights.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Manifest për arsimin në Shqirëri</TitleText>
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            <Affiliation>Husson University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Ne  jemi  studentë,  pedagogë,  njerëz  me  ose  pa  punë,  me  fëmijë  ose  të  rinj  vetë.  Që  kërkojmë.Ne  duam  një  arsimim  të  standardeve  evropiane.  Që  do  të  thotë,  shkolla  më  të  mira,  liri akademike, më tepër mundësi studimi, klasa gjuhe dhe mundësinë për të zgjedhur gjuhën në të cilën studiojmë. Dhe gjithashtu fokus mbi gjuhën shqipe. Që do të thotë, ambiente më të mira në universitetet tona dhe jo korrupsion.Ne kërkojmë që studentët të jenë më idealist dhe më aktiv, të punojnë për progresin e përbashkët në arsim si dhe të zbatojnë rregullat dhe të ushtrojnë të drejtat e tyre.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Ne  jemi  studentë,  pedagogë,  njerëz  me  ose  pa  punë,  me  fëmijë  ose  të  rinj  vetë.  Që  kërkojmë.Ne  duam  një  arsimim  të  standardeve  evropiane.  Që  do  të  thotë,  shkolla  më  të  mira,  liri akademike, më tepër mundësi studimi, klasa gjuhe dhe mundësinë për të zgjedhur gjuhën në të cilën studiojmë. Dhe gjithashtu fokus mbi gjuhën shqipe. Që do të thotë, ambiente më të mira në universitetet tona dhe jo korrupsion.Ne kërkojmë që studentët të jenë më idealist dhe më aktiv, të punojnë për progresin e përbashkët në arsim si dhe të zbatojnë rregullat dhe të ushtrojnë të drejtat e tyre.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <PersonName>Jenkins, Nico</PersonName>
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            <PersonName> van Gerven Oei, Vincent W.J. (0000-0003-1637-4261)</PersonName>
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            <PersonName>Groves, Adam Staley</PersonName>
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            <Subtitle language="eng">J.S. Mill's Catastrophic Pedagogy</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Andreas Vrahimis</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;It is almost a commonplace nowadays to hear of the end of the humanities, and defens-es of the humanities against all kinds of attack abound. A diagnosis might be in place, as an aside, before we begin: though these arguments in defense of the humanities are at  the  moment  in  vogue,  the  position  of  the  attackers  is  not  a  dialogical  one.  Indeed,  the  attack  does  not  seem  to  be  founded  on  argument,  but  rather,  in  many  ways,  on  unshakeable force – the kind of force that is not able to respond to argument (or even willing to read defenses of the humanities). In short, though there appear to be numer-ous ways of defending and attempting to fortify the humanities through perfectly valid and sound argument, the onslaught against the humanities does not seem bound either to listen or to respond.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;It is almost a commonplace nowadays to hear of the end of the humanities, and defens-es of the humanities against all kinds of attack abound. A diagnosis might be in place, as an aside, before we begin: though these arguments in defense of the humanities are at  the  moment  in  vogue,  the  position  of  the  attackers  is  not  a  dialogical  one.  Indeed,  the  attack  does  not  seem  to  be  founded  on  argument,  but  rather,  in  many  ways,  on  unshakeable force – the kind of force that is not able to respond to argument (or even willing to read defenses of the humanities). In short, though there appear to be numer-ous ways of defending and attempting to fortify the humanities through perfectly valid and sound argument, the onslaught against the humanities does not seem bound either to listen or to respond.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Vrahimis, Andreas</PersonName>
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          <LastPageNumber>330</LastPageNumber>
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        <NumberOfPages>16</NumberOfPages>
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        <TitleDetail>
          <TitleType>01</TitleType>
          <TitleElement>
            <TitleElementLevel>01</TitleElementLevel>
            <TitleText language="eng">Filozofia dhe shkollimi humanist</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Pedagogjia katastrofike e J.S. Millit</Subtitle>
          </TitleElement>
        </TitleDetail>
        <Contributor>
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          <ContributorRole>A01</ContributorRole>
          <PersonName>Andreas Vrahimis</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Andreas</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Vrahimis</KeyNames>
          <ProfessionalAffiliation>
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              <AffiliationIDType>40</AffiliationIDType>
              <IDValue>02qjrjx09</IDValue>
            </AffiliationIdentifier>
            <Affiliation>University of Cyprus</Affiliation>
          </ProfessionalAffiliation>
        </Contributor>
        <Contributor>
          <SequenceNumber>2</SequenceNumber>
          <ContributorRole>B06</ContributorRole>
          <PersonName>Jonida Gashi</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Jonida</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Gashi</KeyNames>
        </Contributor>
        <Language>
          <LanguageRole>01</LanguageRole>
          <LanguageCode>alb</LanguageCode>
        </Language>
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          <LanguageCode>eng</LanguageCode>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Jemi  mësuar  tashmë  të  dëgjojmë  për  fundin  e  humaniteteve  dhe  mbrojtje  të  huma-niteteve  nga  sulme  të  llojeve  të  ndryshme  nuk  mungojnë.  Ia  vlen  ndoshta  që,  në  pa-rantezë,  të  bëjmë  një  diagnozë  këtu,  sa  pa  filluar  mirë:  ndonëse  sot  këto  argumenta  në  mbrojtje  të  humaniteteve  janë  në  modë,  pozicioni  i  sulmuesve  nuk  është  një  pozi-cion bashkëbisedues. Në fakt, duket sikur sulmi nuk bazohet mbi argumenta, por, në shumë  pikëpamje,  mbi  një  forcë  të  patundur  –  një  lloj  force  që  nuk  është  në  gjendje  t’i  përgjigjet  argumentit  (ose  të  paktën  të  jetë  e  gatshme  të  lexojë  mbrojtjet  për  hu-manitetet). Shkrutimisht pra, ndonëse duket sikur ka shumë mënyra për të mbrojtur dhe për të përforcuar humanitetet nëpërmjet argumentash tërësisht të vlefshëm dhe të shëndoshë, vërshimi kundër humaniteteve nuk duket se ka ndërmend as të dëgjojë e as të përgjigjet.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Jemi  mësuar  tashmë  të  dëgjojmë  për  fundin  e  humaniteteve  dhe  mbrojtje  të  huma-niteteve  nga  sulme  të  llojeve  të  ndryshme  nuk  mungojnë.  Ia  vlen  ndoshta  që,  në  pa-rantezë,  të  bëjmë  një  diagnozë  këtu,  sa  pa  filluar  mirë:  ndonëse  sot  këto  argumenta  në  mbrojtje  të  humaniteteve  janë  në  modë,  pozicioni  i  sulmuesve  nuk  është  një  pozi-cion bashkëbisedues. Në fakt, duket sikur sulmi nuk bazohet mbi argumenta, por, në shumë  pikëpamje,  mbi  një  forcë  të  patundur  –  një  lloj  force  që  nuk  është  në  gjendje  t’i  përgjigjet  argumentit  (ose  të  paktën  të  jetë  e  gatshme  të  lexojë  mbrojtjet  për  hu-manitetet). Shkrutimisht pra, ndonëse duket sikur ka shumë mënyra për të mbrojtur dhe për të përforcuar humanitetet nëpërmjet argumentash tërësisht të vlefshëm dhe të shëndoshë, vërshimi kundër humaniteteve nuk duket se ka ndërmend as të dëgjojë e as të përgjigjet.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <ContentAudience>00</ContentAudience>
          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
        </TextContent>
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          <CopyrightOwner>
            <PersonName>Vrahimis, Andreas</PersonName>
          </CopyrightOwner>
        </CopyrightStatement>
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          <FirstPageNumber>331</FirstPageNumber>
          <LastPageNumber>341</LastPageNumber>
        </PageRun>
        <NumberOfPages>11</NumberOfPages>
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        <TitleDetail>
          <TitleType>01</TitleType>
          <TitleElement>
            <TitleElementLevel>01</TitleElementLevel>
            <TitleText language="eng">Walter Benjamin and the Inhumanities</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Towards a Pedagogical Anti-Nietzscheanism</Subtitle>
          </TitleElement>
        </TitleDetail>
        <Contributor>
          <SequenceNumber>1</SequenceNumber>
          <ContributorRole>A01</ContributorRole>
          <PersonName>Matthew Charles</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Matthew</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Charles</KeyNames>
          <ProfessionalAffiliation>
            <AffiliationIdentifier>
              <AffiliationIDType>40</AffiliationIDType>
              <IDValue>04ycpbx82</IDValue>
            </AffiliationIdentifier>
            <Affiliation>University of Westminster</Affiliation>
          </ProfessionalAffiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The  following  discussion  is  intended  as  a  critical  intervention  into  recent  debates  about the “crisis of the humanities,” reading the symptomaticity of crisis in the medical sense  of  a  turning  point.  It  does  so  from  the  perspective  of  the  work  of  Walter  Benja-min, whose own transdisciplinary practice of thought has been characterized as a “phi-losophy directed against philosophy” and a “philosophizing beyond philosophy,” and stands as a model for the kind of intellectual and para-academic activity evoked here.1Historically re-situating Benjamin’s famous allegory of the Angel of History from the twentieth-century context of the “crisis of culture” to the contemporary “crisis of edu-cation,” it attempts to reconstruct a dialectical understanding of pedagogization within Benjamin’s  work,  which  is  used  to  sketch  out  the  contours  of  a  critically  reimagined  pedagogy of the Inhumanities.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <ContentAudience>00</ContentAudience>
          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The  following  discussion  is  intended  as  a  critical  intervention  into  recent  debates  about the “crisis of the humanities,” reading the symptomaticity of crisis in the medical sense  of  a  turning  point.  It  does  so  from  the  perspective  of  the  work  of  Walter  Benja-min, whose own transdisciplinary practice of thought has been characterized as a “phi-losophy directed against philosophy” and a “philosophizing beyond philosophy,” and stands as a model for the kind of intellectual and para-academic activity evoked here.1Historically re-situating Benjamin’s famous allegory of the Angel of History from the twentieth-century context of the “crisis of culture” to the contemporary “crisis of edu-cation,” it attempts to reconstruct a dialectical understanding of pedagogization within Benjamin’s  work,  which  is  used  to  sketch  out  the  contours  of  a  critically  reimagined  pedagogy of the Inhumanities.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <TextType>20</TextType>
          <ContentAudience>00</ContentAudience>
          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
        </TextContent>
        <CopyrightStatement>
          <CopyrightOwner>
            <PersonName>Charles, Matthew</PersonName>
          </CopyrightOwner>
        </CopyrightStatement>
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        <LevelSequenceNumber>29</LevelSequenceNumber>
        <TextItem>
          <TextItemType>03</TextItemType>
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            <TextItemIDType>06</TextItemIDType>
            <IDValue>10.21983/P3.0050.1.29</IDValue>
          </TextItemIdentifier>
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        <PageRun>
          <FirstPageNumber>343</FirstPageNumber>
          <LastPageNumber>353</LastPageNumber>
        </PageRun>
        <NumberOfPages>11</NumberOfPages>
        <EpubLicense>
          <EpubLicenseName>Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported license (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0).</EpubLicenseName>
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        <TitleDetail>
          <TitleType>01</TitleType>
          <TitleElement>
            <TitleElementLevel>01</TitleElementLevel>
            <TitleText language="eng">Valter Benjamin dhe inhumanitetet</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Drejt një kundërniçanizmi pedagogjik</Subtitle>
          </TitleElement>
        </TitleDetail>
        <Contributor>
          <SequenceNumber>1</SequenceNumber>
          <ContributorRole>A01</ContributorRole>
          <PersonName>Matthew Charles</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Matthew</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Charles</KeyNames>
          <ProfessionalAffiliation>
            <AffiliationIdentifier>
              <AffiliationIDType>40</AffiliationIDType>
              <IDValue>04ycpbx82</IDValue>
            </AffiliationIdentifier>
            <Affiliation>University of Westminster</Affiliation>
          </ProfessionalAffiliation>
        </Contributor>
        <Contributor>
          <SequenceNumber>2</SequenceNumber>
          <ContributorRole>B06</ContributorRole>
          <PersonName>Jonida Gashi</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Jonida</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Gashi</KeyNames>
        </Contributor>
        <Language>
          <LanguageRole>01</LanguageRole>
          <LanguageCode>alb</LanguageCode>
        </Language>
        <Language>
          <LanguageRole>02</LanguageRole>
          <LanguageCode>eng</LanguageCode>
        </Language>
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          <TextType>03</TextType>
          <ContentAudience>00</ContentAudience>
          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Diskutimi vijues ka për qëllim të jetë një ndërhyrje kritike në debatet e kohëve të fundit mbi  idenë  e  “krizës  së  humaniteteve,”  duke  e  lexuar  simptomaticitetin  e  krizës  si  një  kthesë  në  kuptimin  mjekësor  të  fjalës.  Ai  e  bën  këtë  nga  perspektiva  e  veprës  së  Val-ter Benjamin, praktika transdisiplinare e mendimit të të cilit është karakterizuar si një “filozofi  kundër  filozofisë”  dhe  një  “filozofim  përtej  filozofisë,”  dhe  qëndron  si  model  për veprimtarinë intelektuale dhe para-akademike që ngrihet këtu.1 Duke zhvendosur alegorinë  e  famshme  të  Benjaminit  të  Ëngjellit  të  Historisë  nga  konteksti  i  “krizës  së  kulturës” të shekullit të njëzetë dhe duke e rivendosur ate tek “kriza e arsimit” e ditëve të sotme, ai përpiqet të rindërtojë një kuptim dialektik të pedagogjizimit brenda veprës së Benjaminit, që përdoret për të skicuar konturet e një pedagogjie të riimagjinuar në mënyrë kritike të inhumaniteteve.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Diskutimi vijues ka për qëllim të jetë një ndërhyrje kritike në debatet e kohëve të fundit mbi  idenë  e  “krizës  së  humaniteteve,”  duke  e  lexuar  simptomaticitetin  e  krizës  si  një  kthesë  në  kuptimin  mjekësor  të  fjalës.  Ai  e  bën  këtë  nga  perspektiva  e  veprës  së  Val-ter Benjamin, praktika transdisiplinare e mendimit të të cilit është karakterizuar si një “filozofi  kundër  filozofisë”  dhe  një  “filozofim  përtej  filozofisë,”  dhe  qëndron  si  model  për veprimtarinë intelektuale dhe para-akademike që ngrihet këtu.1 Duke zhvendosur alegorinë  e  famshme  të  Benjaminit  të  Ëngjellit  të  Historisë  nga  konteksti  i  “krizës  së  kulturës” të shekullit të njëzetë dhe duke e rivendosur ate tek “kriza e arsimit” e ditëve të sotme, ai përpiqet të rindërtojë një kuptim dialektik të pedagogjizimit brenda veprës së Benjaminit, që përdoret për të skicuar konturet e një pedagogjie të riimagjinuar në mënyrë kritike të inhumaniteteve.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <TextContent>
          <TextType>20</TextType>
          <ContentAudience>00</ContentAudience>
          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
        </TextContent>
        <CopyrightStatement>
          <CopyrightOwner>
            <PersonName>Çarls, Methju</PersonName>
          </CopyrightOwner>
        </CopyrightStatement>
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          <FirstPageNumber>355</FirstPageNumber>
          <LastPageNumber>362</LastPageNumber>
        </PageRun>
        <NumberOfPages>8</NumberOfPages>
        <EpubLicense>
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        <TitleDetail>
          <TitleType>01</TitleType>
          <TitleElement>
            <TitleElementLevel>01</TitleElementLevel>
            <TitleText language="eng">Philosophy beyond the Peras</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Thinking with/in the Periphery</Subtitle>
          </TitleElement>
        </TitleDetail>
        <Contributor>
          <SequenceNumber>1</SequenceNumber>
          <ContributorRole>A01</ContributorRole>
          <PersonName>Nico Jenkins</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Nico</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Jenkins</KeyNames>
          <ProfessionalAffiliation>
            <AffiliationIdentifier>
              <AffiliationIDType>40</AffiliationIDType>
              <IDValue>05rp6gx35</IDValue>
            </AffiliationIdentifier>
            <Affiliation>Husson University</Affiliation>
          </ProfessionalAffiliation>
          <ProfessionalAffiliation>
            <AffiliationIdentifier>
              <AffiliationIDType>40</AffiliationIDType>
              <IDValue>01adr0w49</IDValue>
            </AffiliationIdentifier>
            <Affiliation>University of Maine</Affiliation>
          </ProfessionalAffiliation>
        </Contributor>
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          <LanguageRole>01</LanguageRole>
          <LanguageCode>eng</LanguageCode>
        </Language>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;To discuss, as we have been tasked to do, the concept of pedagogy requires that we first imagine what it is to learn, as well as what it is to be taught before we can even begin to venture forth on what it is to teach, and especially what it is to teach with/in what has been called the disaster. That the modern form of education is tightly constrained and regimented seems obvious, and therefore any thinking about thinking (any think-ing about disasters) must inevitably pass between the constraints, or under the regimes. This movement of thinking is always a call towards, and a call from. Martin Heidegger, in the two essays discussed here, asks that we attune ourselves well to venture onto this path, to listen before we begin (again) to teach; he asks us to listen to the unnecessary before we begin to discuss the necessary, to listen, perhaps, to the silence(s) which lie between thoughts, as much as to the thoughts themselves.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;To discuss, as we have been tasked to do, the concept of pedagogy requires that we first imagine what it is to learn, as well as what it is to be taught before we can even begin to venture forth on what it is to teach, and especially what it is to teach with/in what has been called the disaster. That the modern form of education is tightly constrained and regimented seems obvious, and therefore any thinking about thinking (any think-ing about disasters) must inevitably pass between the constraints, or under the regimes. This movement of thinking is always a call towards, and a call from. Martin Heidegger, in the two essays discussed here, asks that we attune ourselves well to venture onto this path, to listen before we begin (again) to teach; he asks us to listen to the unnecessary before we begin to discuss the necessary, to listen, perhaps, to the silence(s) which lie between thoughts, as much as to the thoughts themselves.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <ContentAudience>00</ContentAudience>
          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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          <CopyrightOwner>
            <PersonName>Jenkins, Nico</PersonName>
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            <IDValue>10.21983/P3.0050.1.31</IDValue>
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          <FirstPageNumber>363</FirstPageNumber>
          <LastPageNumber>374</LastPageNumber>
        </PageRun>
        <NumberOfPages>12</NumberOfPages>
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        <TitleDetail>
          <TitleType>01</TitleType>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Pedagogjia përtej perasë</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Të mendojmë me periferinë</Subtitle>
          </TitleElement>
        </TitleDetail>
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          <SequenceNumber>1</SequenceNumber>
          <ContributorRole>A01</ContributorRole>
          <PersonName>Nico Jenkins</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Nico</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Jenkins</KeyNames>
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              <AffiliationIDType>40</AffiliationIDType>
              <IDValue>05rp6gx35</IDValue>
            </AffiliationIdentifier>
            <Affiliation>Husson University</Affiliation>
          </ProfessionalAffiliation>
          <ProfessionalAffiliation>
            <AffiliationIdentifier>
              <AffiliationIDType>40</AffiliationIDType>
              <IDValue>01adr0w49</IDValue>
            </AffiliationIdentifier>
            <Affiliation>University of Maine</Affiliation>
          </ProfessionalAffiliation>
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          <SequenceNumber>2</SequenceNumber>
          <ContributorRole>B06</ContributorRole>
          <PersonName>Jonida Gashi</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Jonida</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Gashi</KeyNames>
        </Contributor>
        <Language>
          <LanguageRole>02</LanguageRole>
          <LanguageCode>alb</LanguageCode>
        </Language>
        <Language>
          <LanguageRole>02</LanguageRole>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Të diskutojmë, siç na është caktuar për detyrë, konceptin e pedagogjisë kërkon që në fillim  të  imagjinojmë  se  çfarë  do  të  thotë  të  mësosh,  si  dhe  çfarë  është  të  të  mësojnë,  para se të marrim guximin të shtejllojmë se çfarë është të japësh mësim, dhe veçanëri-sht se çfarë është të japësh mësim me atë që është quajtur shkatërrim. Që forma moder-ne e shkollimit është mjaft e shtrënguar dhe e regjimentuar duket se është e qartë, dhe prandaj çdo të menduar mbi të menduarit (çdo të menduar mbi shkatërrimet) duhet doemos të kalojë midis shtrëngimeve, ose nën regjimet. Kjo lëvizje e të menduarit është gjithmonë një thirrje drejt, dhe një thirrje prej. Martin Hajdeger, në dy sprovat e disku-tuara këtu, kërkon që ne të harmonizohemi mirë për të marrë këtë rrugë, të dëgjojmë para se të fillojmë (sërish) të japim mësim; ai na kërkon të dëgjojmë të panevojshmen para se të fillojmë të diskutojmë të domosdoshmen, të dëgjojmë, ndoshta, heshtjen/t që shtrihet/n midis mendimeve, po aq sa vetë mendimet.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Të diskutojmë, siç na është caktuar për detyrë, konceptin e pedagogjisë kërkon që në fillim  të  imagjinojmë  se  çfarë  do  të  thotë  të  mësosh,  si  dhe  çfarë  është  të  të  mësojnë,  para se të marrim guximin të shtejllojmë se çfarë është të japësh mësim, dhe veçanëri-sht se çfarë është të japësh mësim me atë që është quajtur shkatërrim. Që forma moder-ne e shkollimit është mjaft e shtrënguar dhe e regjimentuar duket se është e qartë, dhe prandaj çdo të menduar mbi të menduarit (çdo të menduar mbi shkatërrimet) duhet doemos të kalojë midis shtrëngimeve, ose nën regjimet. Kjo lëvizje e të menduarit është gjithmonë një thirrje drejt, dhe një thirrje prej. Martin Hajdeger, në dy sprovat e disku-tuara këtu, kërkon që ne të harmonizohemi mirë për të marrë këtë rrugë, të dëgjojmë para se të fillojmë (sërish) të japim mësim; ai na kërkon të dëgjojmë të panevojshmen para se të fillojmë të diskutojmë të domosdoshmen, të dëgjojmë, ndoshta, heshtjen/t që shtrihet/n midis mendimeve, po aq sa vetë mendimet.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <PersonName>Xhenkins, Niko</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Cyber-Catastrophe</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Towards a New Pedagogy of Entropy</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Justin Joque</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;One  of  the  earliest  glimpses  of  the  possible  impact  of  an  all  out  cyberwar  occurred  in June of 1997. That month a small team of hackers using publicly available tools and programs  was  supposedly  able  to  gain  access  to  the  power  grid  in  nine  United  States  cities, their emergency response systems and a number of critical Pentagon networks including  those  that  managed  military  supply  chains  and  the  command-and-control  structure. According to James Adams who has written at length about these attacks:The hackers also managed to infect the human command-and-control system with a paralyzing level of mistrust. Orders that appeared to come from a commanding general were fake, as were bogus news reports on the crisis and instructions from the civilian command authorities. As a result, nobody in the chain of command, from the president on down, could believe anything. This group of hackers using publicly available resources was able to prevent the United States from waging war effectively&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;One  of  the  earliest  glimpses  of  the  possible  impact  of  an  all  out  cyberwar  occurred  in June of 1997. That month a small team of hackers using publicly available tools and programs  was  supposedly  able  to  gain  access  to  the  power  grid  in  nine  United  States  cities, their emergency response systems and a number of critical Pentagon networks including  those  that  managed  military  supply  chains  and  the  command-and-control  structure. According to James Adams who has written at length about these attacks:The hackers also managed to infect the human command-and-control system with a paralyzing level of mistrust. Orders that appeared to come from a commanding general were fake, as were bogus news reports on the crisis and instructions from the civilian command authorities. As a result, nobody in the chain of command, from the president on down, could believe anything. This group of hackers using publicly available resources was able to prevent the United States from waging war effectively&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Joque, Justin</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Katastrofa kibernetike</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Drejt një pedagogjie të entropisë</Subtitle>
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          <ContributorRole>A01</ContributorRole>
          <PersonName>Justin Joque</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Justin</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Joque</KeyNames>
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              <IDValue>00jmfr291</IDValue>
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            <Affiliation>University of Michigan–Ann Arbor</Affiliation>
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            <WebsiteDescription>Own website</WebsiteDescription>
            <WebsiteLink>http://www.justinjoque.com/</WebsiteLink>
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          <ContributorRole>B06</ContributorRole>
          <PersonName>Jonida Gashi</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Jonida</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Gashi</KeyNames>
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          <LanguageCode>alb</LanguageCode>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Një nga vezullimat më të herëta të impaktit të mundshëm të një lufte të hapur kiberne-tike u shfaq në qershor të 1997-s. Mendohet se atë muaj një skuadër e vogël hakerash, duke  përdorur  mjete  dhe  programe  në  dispozicion  të  të  gjithëve,  arriti  të  depërtonte  në rrjetin elektrik të nëntë qyteteve amerikane, sistemet e tyre të emergjencës dhe një numër rrjetesh mjaft të rëndësishme të Pentagonit duke përfshirë këtu edhe ato rrjete që  menaxhonin  zinxhirët  e  furnizimit  të  ushtrisë  dhe  strukturës  komandë-dhe-kon-troll. Sipas Xhejms Adamsit që ka shkruar gjatë mbi këto sulme:Hakera arritën gjithashtu të infektonin sistemin njerëzor komandë-dhe-kontroll me një nivel paralizues mosbesimi. Urdhërat që duket se vinin nga gjeneralët në komandë ishin të rremë, po ashtu siç ishin të rreme edhe lajmet mbi krizën dhe instruksionet nga autoritetet e komandës civile. Për pasojë, askush në zinxhirin e komandës, nga presidenti e poshtë, nuk mund të besonte asgjë. Ky grup hakerash që po përdornin resurse që ishin në dispozicion të të gjithëve qe i aftë ta pengonte shba-në të bënte luftë në mënyrë efektive.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Një nga vezullimat më të herëta të impaktit të mundshëm të një lufte të hapur kiberne-tike u shfaq në qershor të 1997-s. Mendohet se atë muaj një skuadër e vogël hakerash, duke  përdorur  mjete  dhe  programe  në  dispozicion  të  të  gjithëve,  arriti  të  depërtonte  në rrjetin elektrik të nëntë qyteteve amerikane, sistemet e tyre të emergjencës dhe një numër rrjetesh mjaft të rëndësishme të Pentagonit duke përfshirë këtu edhe ato rrjete që  menaxhonin  zinxhirët  e  furnizimit  të  ushtrisë  dhe  strukturës  komandë-dhe-kon-troll. Sipas Xhejms Adamsit që ka shkruar gjatë mbi këto sulme:Hakera arritën gjithashtu të infektonin sistemin njerëzor komandë-dhe-kontroll me një nivel paralizues mosbesimi. Urdhërat që duket se vinin nga gjeneralët në komandë ishin të rremë, po ashtu siç ishin të rreme edhe lajmet mbi krizën dhe instruksionet nga autoritetet e komandës civile. Për pasojë, askush në zinxhirin e komandës, nga presidenti e poshtë, nuk mund të besonte asgjë. Ky grup hakerash që po përdornin resurse që ishin në dispozicion të të gjithëve qe i aftë ta pengonte shba-në të bënte luftë në mënyrë efektive.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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          <CopyrightOwner>
            <PersonName>Xhouk, Xhustin</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Faculty in Withdrawal</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Not To Know and the Uncertainties of Self-Institutionalization</Subtitle>
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          <NameIdentifier>
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          <PersonName>Tijana Stevanović</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Tijana</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Stevanović</KeyNames>
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              <AffiliationIDType>40</AffiliationIDType>
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            <Affiliation>Newcastle University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The best “tendency” is wrong if it does not prescribe the attitude with which it ought to be pursued. These words produced some eighty years ago, still speak to us with the fresh “pedagogi-cal”  attitude  Benjamin  himself  deliberately  sought  to  inhabit  when  writing  about  the  revolutionary intellectual. No matter how finished the objects of production may seem to  appear,  what  seemed  more  urgent,  he  argued,  has  been  to  uncover  the  techniques  of  production’s  own  potentialities  for  exposing  the  organizational  complex  of  fabrica-tion within. If the institutional dimension of constructing subjectivities were acknowl-edged as a continuing existence of the bourgeois apparatus, it would be possible for the functional  distinction  between  products  and  producers  to  ultimately  crack  open  and  evaporate.  Central  to  his  project  on  the  disappearance  of  the  author  through  careful  dissemination, Benjamin praised Brecht’s Umfunktionierung as an idea of transforming actively institutions and instruments of production by radical intellectuals: “It’s not a question of being against the institution: We are the institution.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The best “tendency” is wrong if it does not prescribe the attitude with which it ought to be pursued. These words produced some eighty years ago, still speak to us with the fresh “pedagogi-cal”  attitude  Benjamin  himself  deliberately  sought  to  inhabit  when  writing  about  the  revolutionary intellectual. No matter how finished the objects of production may seem to  appear,  what  seemed  more  urgent,  he  argued,  has  been  to  uncover  the  techniques  of  production’s  own  potentialities  for  exposing  the  organizational  complex  of  fabrica-tion within. If the institutional dimension of constructing subjectivities were acknowl-edged as a continuing existence of the bourgeois apparatus, it would be possible for the functional  distinction  between  products  and  producers  to  ultimately  crack  open  and  evaporate.  Central  to  his  project  on  the  disappearance  of  the  author  through  careful  dissemination, Benjamin praised Brecht’s Umfunktionierung as an idea of transforming actively institutions and instruments of production by radical intellectuals: “It’s not a question of being against the institution: We are the institution.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Stevanović, Tijana </PersonName>
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            <IDValue>10.21983/P3.0050.1.35</IDValue>
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          <FirstPageNumber>413</FirstPageNumber>
          <LastPageNumber>422</LastPageNumber>
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        <NumberOfPages>10</NumberOfPages>
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            <TitleElementLevel>01</TitleElementLevel>
            <TitleText language="eng">Fakulteti në zmbrapsje</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Mosditja dhe pasiguritë e vetëinstitucionalizimit</Subtitle>
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          <SequenceNumber>1</SequenceNumber>
          <ContributorRole>A01</ContributorRole>
          <NameIdentifier>
            <NameIDType>21</NameIDType>
            <IDValue>000000020697846X</IDValue>
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          <PersonName>Tijana Stevanović</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Tijana</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Stevanović</KeyNames>
          <ProfessionalAffiliation>
            <AffiliationIdentifier>
              <AffiliationIDType>40</AffiliationIDType>
              <IDValue>01kj2bm70</IDValue>
            </AffiliationIdentifier>
            <Affiliation>Newcastle University</Affiliation>
          </ProfessionalAffiliation>
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        <Contributor>
          <SequenceNumber>2</SequenceNumber>
          <ContributorRole>B06</ContributorRole>
          <PersonName>Jonida Gashi</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Jonida</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Gashi</KeyNames>
        </Contributor>
        <Language>
          <LanguageRole>01</LanguageRole>
          <LanguageCode>alb</LanguageCode>
        </Language>
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          <LanguageRole>02</LanguageRole>
          <LanguageCode>eng</LanguageCode>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;“Tendenca” më e mire është e gabuar nëse ajo nuk paracakton mënyrën se si duhet ndjekur. Këto fjalë të shkruara thuajse tetëdhjetë vite më parë ende rikumbojnë me risinë e qën-drimit “pedagogjik” që vetë Benjamin ishte përpjekur të merrte ndërsa shkruante për intelektualin revolucionar. Pavarësisht se sa të përfunduara mund të duken objektet e prodhimit, ajo që dukej më urgjente, thotë Benjamin, ka qenë zbulimi i potencialitete-ve të vetë teknikave të prodhimit për të zbuluar kompleksin organizativ të mashtrimit brenda  tyre.  Po  të  pranonim  se  dimensioni  institucional  i  ndërtimit  të  subjektivite-teve  nuk  është  veçse  ekzistenca  e  vazhduar  e  aparatit  borgjez,  do  të  qe  e  mundur  që  dallimi funksional midis prodhimeve dhe prodhuesve të zhdukej një herë e mirë. Një aspekt i rëndësishëm në projektin e tij mbi zhdukjen e autorit përmes shpërhapjes së kujdesshme, Benjamin lëvdoi rifunktionimin [Umfunktionierung] të Brehtit [Brecht] si një  ide  për  transformimin  aktiv  të  institucioneve  dhe  mjeteve  të  prodhimit  prej  inte-lektualëve  radikalë:  “Nuk  është  puna  t’i  kundërvihemi  institucionit:  Ne  jemi  institu-cioni.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <TextContent>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;“Tendenca” më e mire është e gabuar nëse ajo nuk paracakton mënyrën se si duhet ndjekur. Këto fjalë të shkruara thuajse tetëdhjetë vite më parë ende rikumbojnë me risinë e qën-drimit “pedagogjik” që vetë Benjamin ishte përpjekur të merrte ndërsa shkruante për intelektualin revolucionar. Pavarësisht se sa të përfunduara mund të duken objektet e prodhimit, ajo që dukej më urgjente, thotë Benjamin, ka qenë zbulimi i potencialitete-ve të vetë teknikave të prodhimit për të zbuluar kompleksin organizativ të mashtrimit brenda  tyre.  Po  të  pranonim  se  dimensioni  institucional  i  ndërtimit  të  subjektivite-teve  nuk  është  veçse  ekzistenca  e  vazhduar  e  aparatit  borgjez,  do  të  qe  e  mundur  që  dallimi funksional midis prodhimeve dhe prodhuesve të zhdukej një herë e mirë. Një aspekt i rëndësishëm në projektin e tij mbi zhdukjen e autorit përmes shpërhapjes së kujdesshme, Benjamin lëvdoi rifunktionimin [Umfunktionierung] të Brehtit [Brecht] si një  ide  për  transformimin  aktiv  të  institucioneve  dhe  mjeteve  të  prodhimit  prej  inte-lektualëve  radikalë:  “Nuk  është  puna  t’i  kundërvihemi  institucionit:  Ne  jemi  institu-cioni.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Stevanoviq, Tijana</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">On Prototypes</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Should We Eat Mao's Pear, Sail Saint-Exupéry's Boast, Drink with Heidegger's Pitcher, or Use Nietzsche's Hammer to Respond to the Crisis?</Subtitle>
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          <ContributorRole>A01</ContributorRole>
          <PersonName>Denisa Kera</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Denisa</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Kera</KeyNames>
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            <Affiliation>National University of Singapore</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In  1972  philosophers,  sociologists,  and  architects,  such  as  Jean  Baudrillard,  Umberto  Eco,  Octavio  Paz,  Hannah  Arendt,  Manuel  Castells,  and  others,  gathered  at  the  Mu-seum of Modern Art (moma) to discuss “The Universitas Project: Solutions for a Post-Technological Society.” Their responses and proposals on how to deal with the environ-mental, financial and political crises were assembled by Emilio Ambasz, an Argentinian architect, appointed at that time as a curator of Design at moma. He defined the goal of the symposium and the whole project as: a critical and prospective inquiry into the relation of man to the natural and the sociocultural environment [...] specifically planned to explore the possibility of establishing in the United States a new type of institution centered around the task of evaluating and designing the man-made milieu&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In  1972  philosophers,  sociologists,  and  architects,  such  as  Jean  Baudrillard,  Umberto  Eco,  Octavio  Paz,  Hannah  Arendt,  Manuel  Castells,  and  others,  gathered  at  the  Mu-seum of Modern Art (moma) to discuss “The Universitas Project: Solutions for a Post-Technological Society.” Their responses and proposals on how to deal with the environ-mental, financial and political crises were assembled by Emilio Ambasz, an Argentinian architect, appointed at that time as a curator of Design at moma. He defined the goal of the symposium and the whole project as: a critical and prospective inquiry into the relation of man to the natural and the sociocultural environment [...] specifically planned to explore the possibility of establishing in the United States a new type of institution centered around the task of evaluating and designing the man-made milieu&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Kera, Denisa</PersonName>
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          <LastPageNumber>453</LastPageNumber>
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        <NumberOfPages>15</NumberOfPages>
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          <TitleType>01</TitleType>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Mbi prototipet</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">A duhet të hamë dardhën e Maos, të lundrojmë varkën e Sent-Eksyperisë, të pimë me kanën e Hajdegerit apo të përdorim çekanin e Niçes për t'iu përgjigjur krizës?</Subtitle>
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          <ContributorRole>A01</ContributorRole>
          <PersonName>Denisa Kera</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Denisa</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Kera</KeyNames>
          <ProfessionalAffiliation>
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              <AffiliationIDType>40</AffiliationIDType>
              <IDValue>01tgyzw49</IDValue>
            </AffiliationIdentifier>
            <Affiliation>National University of Singapore</Affiliation>
          </ProfessionalAffiliation>
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          <ContributorRole>B06</ContributorRole>
          <PersonName>Jonida Gashi</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Jonida</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Gashi</KeyNames>
        </Contributor>
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          <LanguageRole>01</LanguageRole>
          <LanguageCode>alb</LanguageCode>
        </Language>
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          <LanguageCode>eng</LanguageCode>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Në 1972-shin, filozofë, sociologjistë, dhe arkitektë si Zhan Bodrijar [Jean  Baudrillard], Umberto  Eko  [Eco],  Oktavio  Pas  [Octavio  Paz],  Hanna  Arent  [Hannah  Arendt],  Ma-nuel  Castells  e  të  tjerë,  u  mblodhën  tek  Muzeu  i  Artit  Modern  (moma)  për  të  deba-tuar “Projekti Universitas: Rrugëdalje për një shoqëri pasteknologjike.” Përgjigjet dhe propozimet e tyre mbi mënyrën se si duhej marrë me krizat mjedisore, financiare dhe politike  u  mblodhën  bashkë  nga  Emilio  Ambasi,  një  arkitekt  argjentinas  që  ato  kohë  ishte kurator i Dizajnit tek moma. Ai e përcaktoi qëllimin e simpoziumit dhe të të gjithë projektit si:një hetim kritik dhe paraprak mbi marrëdhënien e njeriut me ambientin natyral dhe socio-kulturor [...] e planifikuar posaçërisht për të shqyrtuar mundësinë për të krijuar një lloj të ri institucioni në Shtetet e Bashkuara të përqëndruar tek vlerësimi dhe dizenjimi i ambientit të bërë nga njeriu.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Në 1972-shin, filozofë, sociologjistë, dhe arkitektë si Zhan Bodrijar [Jean  Baudrillard], Umberto  Eko  [Eco],  Oktavio  Pas  [Octavio  Paz],  Hanna  Arent  [Hannah  Arendt],  Ma-nuel  Castells  e  të  tjerë,  u  mblodhën  tek  Muzeu  i  Artit  Modern  (moma)  për  të  deba-tuar “Projekti Universitas: Rrugëdalje për një shoqëri pasteknologjike.” Përgjigjet dhe propozimet e tyre mbi mënyrën se si duhej marrë me krizat mjedisore, financiare dhe politike  u  mblodhën  bashkë  nga  Emilio  Ambasi,  një  arkitekt  argjentinas  që  ato  kohë  ishte kurator i Dizajnit tek moma. Ai e përcaktoi qëllimin e simpoziumit dhe të të gjithë projektit si:një hetim kritik dhe paraprak mbi marrëdhënien e njeriut me ambientin natyral dhe socio-kulturor [...] e planifikuar posaçërisht për të shqyrtuar mundësinë për të krijuar një lloj të ri institucioni në Shtetet e Bashkuara të përqëndruar tek vlerësimi dhe dizenjimi i ambientit të bërë nga njeriu.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <ContentAudience>00</ContentAudience>
          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
        </TextContent>
        <CopyrightStatement>
          <CopyrightOwner>
            <PersonName>Kera, Denisa</PersonName>
          </CopyrightOwner>
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          <LastPageNumber>462</LastPageNumber>
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        <NumberOfPages>8</NumberOfPages>
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        <TitleDetail>
          <TitleType>01</TitleType>
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            <TitleElementLevel>01</TitleElementLevel>
            <TitleText language="eng">The Necessity of Education</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Or How Can One Still Be an Althusserian in the Wake of Badiou?</Subtitle>
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          <SequenceNumber>1</SequenceNumber>
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          <NameIdentifier>
            <NameIDType>21</NameIDType>
            <IDValue>0000000238059636</IDValue>
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          <PersonName>Sina Badiei</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Sina</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Badiei</KeyNames>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In  his  essay,  “Ideology  and  the  Ideological  State  Apparatus,”1  Althusser  proclaims  the  educational  apparatus  to  have  become  what  the  church  or  religious  apparatus  was  in  the Middle Ages. That is to say, the educational apparatuses are the ones where people are more effectively than anywhere else subjected to becoming subjects, in the negative sense of this term used in Althusser.The main reason he cites for this choice is that “no other ideological state apparatus has  the  obligatory  (and  not  least,  free)  audience  of  the  totality  of  the  children  in  the  capitalist social formation, eight hours a day for five or six days out of seven.”2 Yet if we were to accept what Althusser tells us, we can’t, overlook another phenomenon which has been emerging in our epoch; I am here referring to an article in one of the issues of The  Economist  magazine  where  concerned  parents  were  advised  not  to  send  their  children  to  schools  at  all  and  to  have  them  study  only  and  only  computer  program-ming from the earliest years if they wanted them to become successful in it professions. What can we make of this paradox?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In  his  essay,  “Ideology  and  the  Ideological  State  Apparatus,”1  Althusser  proclaims  the  educational  apparatus  to  have  become  what  the  church  or  religious  apparatus  was  in  the Middle Ages. That is to say, the educational apparatuses are the ones where people are more effectively than anywhere else subjected to becoming subjects, in the negative sense of this term used in Althusser.The main reason he cites for this choice is that “no other ideological state apparatus has  the  obligatory  (and  not  least,  free)  audience  of  the  totality  of  the  children  in  the  capitalist social formation, eight hours a day for five or six days out of seven.”2 Yet if we were to accept what Althusser tells us, we can’t, overlook another phenomenon which has been emerging in our epoch; I am here referring to an article in one of the issues of The  Economist  magazine  where  concerned  parents  were  advised  not  to  send  their  children  to  schools  at  all  and  to  have  them  study  only  and  only  computer  program-ming from the earliest years if they wanted them to become successful in it professions. What can we make of this paradox?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <TextType>20</TextType>
          <ContentAudience>00</ContentAudience>
          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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          <CopyrightOwner>
            <PersonName>Badiei, Sina</PersonName>
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        <LevelSequenceNumber>39</LevelSequenceNumber>
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          <TextItemType>03</TextItemType>
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            <TextItemIDType>06</TextItemIDType>
            <IDValue>10.21983/P3.0050.1.39</IDValue>
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          <FirstPageNumber>463</FirstPageNumber>
          <LastPageNumber>474</LastPageNumber>
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        <NumberOfPages>12</NumberOfPages>
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        <TitleDetail>
          <TitleType>01</TitleType>
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            <TitleElementLevel>01</TitleElementLevel>
            <TitleText language="eng">Nevoja për arsim</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Si mund të vazhdojmë të jemi Altyserianë pas Badiusë?</Subtitle>
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          <NameIdentifier>
            <NameIDType>21</NameIDType>
            <IDValue>0000000238059636</IDValue>
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          <PersonName>Sina Badiei</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Sina</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Badiei</KeyNames>
        </Contributor>
        <Contributor>
          <SequenceNumber>2</SequenceNumber>
          <ContributorRole>B06</ContributorRole>
          <PersonName>Jonida Gashi</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Jonida</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Gashi</KeyNames>
        </Contributor>
        <Language>
          <LanguageRole>01</LanguageRole>
          <LanguageCode>alb</LanguageCode>
        </Language>
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          <LanguageRole>02</LanguageRole>
          <LanguageCode>eng</LanguageCode>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Në  sprovën  e  titulluar  “Ideologjia  dhe  aparatet  ideologjike  shtetërore”1  Altyser  dekla-ron se aparati arsimor ka zënë vendin që kisha ose aparati fetar kishte në Mesjetë. Kjo do  të  thotë  se  aparatet  arsimore  janë  ato  ku  më  shumë  se  kudo  tjetër  njerëzit  i  nën-strohen bërjes subjekt, në kuptimin e keq të kësaj fjale në përdorimin i saj prej Altyserit.Altyser e justifikon këtë me faktin se “asnjë aparat ideologjik shtetëror nuk ka si pu-blik  në  formimin  shoqëror  kapitalist  tërësinë  e  fëmijëve  për  nga  tetë  orë  në  ditë  dhe  pesë  ose  gjashtë  ditë  në  javë,  një  publik  që  është  njëkohësisht  i  detyruar  dhe  falas.”2Po ta merrnim për të mirëqenë atë që thotë Altyser atëherë do të duhej të merrnim në konsideratë edhe një fenomen që ka filluar të shfaqet në kohët tona; po i referohem një artikulli të publikuar në një numër të revistës The Economist ku prinderit e shqetësuar për  këtë  çështje  këshilloheshin  të  mos  i  dërgonin  fare  në  shkollë  fëmijët  e  tyre  dhe  t’i bënin ata të studjonin vetëm programim kompjuteri sa më herët në mënyrë që me kohë ata të bëheshin profesionistë informatike të suksesshëm. Si mund ta trajtojmë një paradoks të tillë?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <ContentAudience>00</ContentAudience>
          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Në  sprovën  e  titulluar  “Ideologjia  dhe  aparatet  ideologjike  shtetërore”1  Altyser  dekla-ron se aparati arsimor ka zënë vendin që kisha ose aparati fetar kishte në Mesjetë. Kjo do  të  thotë  se  aparatet  arsimore  janë  ato  ku  më  shumë  se  kudo  tjetër  njerëzit  i  nën-strohen bërjes subjekt, në kuptimin e keq të kësaj fjale në përdorimin i saj prej Altyserit.Altyser e justifikon këtë me faktin se “asnjë aparat ideologjik shtetëror nuk ka si pu-blik  në  formimin  shoqëror  kapitalist  tërësinë  e  fëmijëve  për  nga  tetë  orë  në  ditë  dhe  pesë  ose  gjashtë  ditë  në  javë,  një  publik  që  është  njëkohësisht  i  detyruar  dhe  falas.”2Po ta merrnim për të mirëqenë atë që thotë Altyser atëherë do të duhej të merrnim në konsideratë edhe një fenomen që ka filluar të shfaqet në kohët tona; po i referohem një artikulli të publikuar në një numër të revistës The Economist ku prinderit e shqetësuar për  këtë  çështje  këshilloheshin  të  mos  i  dërgonin  fare  në  shkollë  fëmijët  e  tyre  dhe  t’i bënin ata të studjonin vetëm programim kompjuteri sa më herët në mënyrë që me kohë ata të bëheshin profesionistë informatike të suksesshëm. Si mund ta trajtojmë një paradoks të tillë?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <TextType>20</TextType>
          <ContentAudience>00</ContentAudience>
          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
        </TextContent>
        <CopyrightStatement>
          <CopyrightOwner>
            <PersonName>Badiji, Sina</PersonName>
          </CopyrightOwner>
        </CopyrightStatement>
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          <FirstPageNumber>475</FirstPageNumber>
          <LastPageNumber>481</LastPageNumber>
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        <NumberOfPages>7</NumberOfPages>
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        <TitleDetail>
          <TitleType>01</TitleType>
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            <TitleText language="eng">The University Must Be Transcended</TitleText>
          </TitleElement>
        </TitleDetail>
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          <SequenceNumber>1</SequenceNumber>
          <ContributorRole>A01</ContributorRole>
          <PersonName>Nick Skiadopoulos</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Nick</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Skiadopoulos</KeyNames>
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          <LanguageCode>eng</LanguageCode>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;It seems that I am not the only one here among us who linked the title of this confer-ence to Maurice Blanchot’s last work L’Écriture du désastre – a text that begins with the following  phrase:  “Le  désastre  ruine  tout  en  laissant  tout  en  l’état.”1  The  modality  of  disaster is thus to ruin everything while leaving everything in state. Destruction is not disposal,  what  is  destroyed  is  not  transferred  to  some  place  arranged  specifically  for  that purpose. If there is a place reserved for disaster it is only that of the ruin: what is destroyed remains there, on the same ground that once supported its coherency.But what of the state of our pedagogies? As much as I hate to utter banalities, peda-gogy (from Plutarch to Rousseau and up to the field of philosophy of education) is a word charged with agents, spaces, ceremonies, and unnamable desires. And whereas it can be distinguished from the administrative aspect of education, in that it assumes a more or less personal relationship between the educator and the educated, I take this distinction to be overtly metaphysical. Both pedagogy and its administrative aspect are technologies that can be viewed and analyzed on the same, immanent level. Pedagogy is administrative exactly because it is performative and administration is pedagogical in that it involves several forms of discipline. The strict distinction between a pedagogi-cal and an administrative aspect of education is thus a mere illusion. But it is a highly interesting one, exactly because it takes itself to be real, leading us to believe that had the balance between the administrative and the pedagogical been disturbed in favor of the former, humanities could face the danger of their destruction.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;It seems that I am not the only one here among us who linked the title of this confer-ence to Maurice Blanchot’s last work L’Écriture du désastre – a text that begins with the following  phrase:  “Le  désastre  ruine  tout  en  laissant  tout  en  l’état.”1  The  modality  of  disaster is thus to ruin everything while leaving everything in state. Destruction is not disposal,  what  is  destroyed  is  not  transferred  to  some  place  arranged  specifically  for  that purpose. If there is a place reserved for disaster it is only that of the ruin: what is destroyed remains there, on the same ground that once supported its coherency.But what of the state of our pedagogies? As much as I hate to utter banalities, peda-gogy (from Plutarch to Rousseau and up to the field of philosophy of education) is a word charged with agents, spaces, ceremonies, and unnamable desires. And whereas it can be distinguished from the administrative aspect of education, in that it assumes a more or less personal relationship between the educator and the educated, I take this distinction to be overtly metaphysical. Both pedagogy and its administrative aspect are technologies that can be viewed and analyzed on the same, immanent level. Pedagogy is administrative exactly because it is performative and administration is pedagogical in that it involves several forms of discipline. The strict distinction between a pedagogi-cal and an administrative aspect of education is thus a mere illusion. But it is a highly interesting one, exactly because it takes itself to be real, leading us to believe that had the balance between the administrative and the pedagogical been disturbed in favor of the former, humanities could face the danger of their destruction.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <PersonName>Jonida Gashi</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Ështe e qartë se unë nuk jam i vetmi këtu mes nesh që ka bërë lidhjen midis titullit të kësaj konference dhe veprës së fundit të Moris Blanshosë [Maurice Blanchot] Shkrimi i shkatërrimit [L’Écriture du désastre] – një tekst që fillon me frazën vijuese: “Le désastre ruine tout en laissant tout en l’état – Shkatërrimi rrënon gjithçka, por duke lënë gjithç-ka të paprekur.”1 Modaliteti i shkatërrimit është të rrënojë gjithçka duke lënë gjithçka en  l’état.*  Shkatërrimi  nuk  është  flakje  tutje,  ajo  që  shkatërrohet  nuk  transferohet  në  ndonjë vend që ekziston apostafat për atë punë. Nëse ka ndonjë vend të rezervuar për shkatërrimin kjo është vetëm rrënoja: çfarë shkatërrohet mbetet atje, në të njëjtin vend që një herë e një kohë mbështeste koherencën e saj.Por  ç’mund  të  themi  për  gjendjen  e  pedagogjive  tona?  Megjithëse  urrej  të  them  banalitete, pedagogjia (duke filluar nga Plutarku, duke vazhduar me Russonë [Rousse-au], e deri tek sfera e filozofisë së arsimit) është një fjalë e ngarkuar me aktorë, hapësira, ceremoni  dhe  dëshira  pa  emër.  Dhe  ndonëse  ajo  mund  të  dallohet  prej  aspektit  ad-ministrative  të  arsimit,  sepse  ajo  nënkupton  një  marrëdhënie  pak  a  shumë  personale  midis  mësuesit  dhe  nxënësit,  për  mua  ky  dallim  është  ca  si  tepër  metafizik.  Si  peda-gogjia ashtu dhe aspekti administrativ i saj janë teknologji që mund të vërehen dhe të analizohen në të njëjtin plan imanent. Pedagogjia është administrative pikërisht sepse ajo është performative dhe administrata është pedagogjike sepse ajo përfshin forma të ndryshme disipline. Pra dallimi definitiv midis aspekteve pedagogjike dhe administra-tive të arsimit është thjesht një iluzion. Ama ai është një iluzion mjaft interesant, pikëri-sht sepse ai mendon se është i vërtetë, duke na bërë të mendojmë se nëse balanca midis administratives dhe pedagogjikes do të ishte lëkundur në favor të së parës, humanitetet do të mund të përballeshin me kërcënimin e shkatërrimit të tyre.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Ështe e qartë se unë nuk jam i vetmi këtu mes nesh që ka bërë lidhjen midis titullit të kësaj konference dhe veprës së fundit të Moris Blanshosë [Maurice Blanchot] Shkrimi i shkatërrimit [L’Écriture du désastre] – një tekst që fillon me frazën vijuese: “Le désastre ruine tout en laissant tout en l’état – Shkatërrimi rrënon gjithçka, por duke lënë gjithç-ka të paprekur.”1 Modaliteti i shkatërrimit është të rrënojë gjithçka duke lënë gjithçka en  l’état.*  Shkatërrimi  nuk  është  flakje  tutje,  ajo  që  shkatërrohet  nuk  transferohet  në  ndonjë vend që ekziston apostafat për atë punë. Nëse ka ndonjë vend të rezervuar për shkatërrimin kjo është vetëm rrënoja: çfarë shkatërrohet mbetet atje, në të njëjtin vend që një herë e një kohë mbështeste koherencën e saj.Por  ç’mund  të  themi  për  gjendjen  e  pedagogjive  tona?  Megjithëse  urrej  të  them  banalitete, pedagogjia (duke filluar nga Plutarku, duke vazhduar me Russonë [Rousse-au], e deri tek sfera e filozofisë së arsimit) është një fjalë e ngarkuar me aktorë, hapësira, ceremoni  dhe  dëshira  pa  emër.  Dhe  ndonëse  ajo  mund  të  dallohet  prej  aspektit  ad-ministrative  të  arsimit,  sepse  ajo  nënkupton  një  marrëdhënie  pak  a  shumë  personale  midis  mësuesit  dhe  nxënësit,  për  mua  ky  dallim  është  ca  si  tepër  metafizik.  Si  peda-gogjia ashtu dhe aspekti administrativ i saj janë teknologji që mund të vërehen dhe të analizohen në të njëjtin plan imanent. Pedagogjia është administrative pikërisht sepse ajo është performative dhe administrata është pedagogjike sepse ajo përfshin forma të ndryshme disipline. Pra dallimi definitiv midis aspekteve pedagogjike dhe administra-tive të arsimit është thjesht një iluzion. Ama ai është një iluzion mjaft interesant, pikëri-sht sepse ai mendon se është i vërtetë, duke na bërë të mendojmë se nëse balanca midis administratives dhe pedagogjikes do të ishte lëkundur në favor të së parës, humanitetet do të mund të përballeshin me kërcënimin e shkatërrimit të tyre.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Compter sur l'impossible inexistant - To Rely on the Inexistent Impossible</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Judith Balso</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;What is the value of the word “disaster”? This has been my first question, when I read the title of our meeting: “Pedagogies of the Disaster.” Its  value  is  certainly  linked  to  its  subjective  power:  today  we  feel  and  experiment  countless situations as pure disasters. Disaster is the name we give to our violent feeling that – if we speak as Marcellus did in Hamlet – “something is rotten” in all our States of Denmark. Yet, in spite of its apparent radicalism, the word “disaster” is not an elucidat-ing word. In fact, it easily becomes a consensual designation of an elusive state of things. For instance, most reactionary people would agree with the existence of disaster, as far as  education  is  concerned.  Furthermore,  when  you  speak  of  disaster,  you  cannot  say  which time you are in: After the disaster? Within the disaster? Before the disaster? At the eve of it? At its dawn? And then, what should be our task? Preventing the disaster? Overcoming it? In fact, “disaster” seems to me a noun that suspends time, and therefore suspends thought and action. Quoting John Van Houdt, I would like to highlight his interrogation: “We should hesitate before attributing any clear critical function to the rhetoric of disaster.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;What is the value of the word “disaster”? This has been my first question, when I read the title of our meeting: “Pedagogies of the Disaster.” Its  value  is  certainly  linked  to  its  subjective  power:  today  we  feel  and  experiment  countless situations as pure disasters. Disaster is the name we give to our violent feeling that – if we speak as Marcellus did in Hamlet – “something is rotten” in all our States of Denmark. Yet, in spite of its apparent radicalism, the word “disaster” is not an elucidat-ing word. In fact, it easily becomes a consensual designation of an elusive state of things. For instance, most reactionary people would agree with the existence of disaster, as far as  education  is  concerned.  Furthermore,  when  you  speak  of  disaster,  you  cannot  say  which time you are in: After the disaster? Within the disaster? Before the disaster? At the eve of it? At its dawn? And then, what should be our task? Preventing the disaster? Overcoming it? In fact, “disaster” seems to me a noun that suspends time, and therefore suspends thought and action. Quoting John Van Houdt, I would like to highlight his interrogation: “We should hesitate before attributing any clear critical function to the rhetoric of disaster.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Compter sur l'impossible inexistant - Të mbështetesh mbi të pamundurën joekzistuese</TitleText>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Çfarë vlere ka fjala “shkatërrim”? Kjo qe pyetja e parë që i bëra vetes kur lexova titullin e takimit tonë: “Pedagogjitë e shkatërrimit.” Padyshim që vlera e kësaj fjale lidhet me fuqinë e saj subjektive: Sot ne përjetojmë situata  të  panumërta  si  katastrofa  të  mirëfillta.  Shkatërrim  është  emri  që  ne  i  vëmë  ndjenjës  së  dhunshme  që  kemi  se  (po  të  shpreheshim  si  Marceli  tek  Hamleti)  “diçka  është kalbur”* në të tëra shtetet tona të Danimarkës. Por, megjithë radikalizmin e saj të dukshëm, fjala “shkatërrim” nuk është një fjalë sqaruese. Në fakt, shumë lehtë ajo mund të bëhet përcaktimi konsensual i një gjendje të përgjithshme të parrokshme. Për shem-bull, shumica e njerëzve reaksionarë do ta pranonin ekzistencën e shkatërrimit në arsim. Për më tepër, kur dikush flet për shkatërrimin, ai nuk mund të përcaktojë ekzaktësisht se  në  ç’kohë  ndodhet:  Pas  shkatërrimit?  Brenda  shkatërrimit?  Para  shkatërrimit?  Në  prag  të  tij?  Në  agimin  e  tij?  E  pastaj,  cila  duhet  të  jetë  detyra  jonë?  Të  parandalojmë  shkatërrimin? Ta mposhtim atë? Në fakt, “shkatërrim” më duket një emër që pezullon kohën  dhe  kësisoj  mendimin  dhe  veprimin.  Duke  cituar  Xhon  Van  Haut  [John  Van  Houdt], do të doja të theksoja hetimin e tij: “Duhet të hezitojmë para se t’i atribojmë një funksion të qartë kritik retorikës së shkatërrimit.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Çfarë vlere ka fjala “shkatërrim”? Kjo qe pyetja e parë që i bëra vetes kur lexova titullin e takimit tonë: “Pedagogjitë e shkatërrimit.” Padyshim që vlera e kësaj fjale lidhet me fuqinë e saj subjektive: Sot ne përjetojmë situata  të  panumërta  si  katastrofa  të  mirëfillta.  Shkatërrim  është  emri  që  ne  i  vëmë  ndjenjës  së  dhunshme  që  kemi  se  (po  të  shpreheshim  si  Marceli  tek  Hamleti)  “diçka  është kalbur”* në të tëra shtetet tona të Danimarkës. Por, megjithë radikalizmin e saj të dukshëm, fjala “shkatërrim” nuk është një fjalë sqaruese. Në fakt, shumë lehtë ajo mund të bëhet përcaktimi konsensual i një gjendje të përgjithshme të parrokshme. Për shem-bull, shumica e njerëzve reaksionarë do ta pranonin ekzistencën e shkatërrimit në arsim. Për më tepër, kur dikush flet për shkatërrimin, ai nuk mund të përcaktojë ekzaktësisht se  në  ç’kohë  ndodhet:  Pas  shkatërrimit?  Brenda  shkatërrimit?  Para  shkatërrimit?  Në  prag  të  tij?  Në  agimin  e  tij?  E  pastaj,  cila  duhet  të  jetë  detyra  jonë?  Të  parandalojmë  shkatërrimin? Ta mposhtim atë? Në fakt, “shkatërrim” më duket një emër që pezullon kohën  dhe  kësisoj  mendimin  dhe  veprimin.  Duke  cituar  Xhon  Van  Haut  [John  Van  Houdt], do të doja të theksoja hetimin e tij: “Duhet të hezitojmë para se t’i atribojmë një funksion të qartë kritik retorikës së shkatërrimit.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <PersonName>Nico Jenkins</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>Husson University</Affiliation>
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            <Affiliation>University of Maine</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Article 1: Equality We want equality because, without it, it is impossible to develop our abilities. We are made to believe that we are not capable of reflection. But one must first of all understand that the student is not stupid and that knowledge is not merely acquired through academic learning. (It is possible to learn outside of academic institutions via our  own  personal  experiences.)  We  have  to  steer  clear  of  the  idea  that  a  student  can  no longer work or study after being deemed to have a lack of abilities when, in reality, students have equal abilities to those of the teacher.We  are  presented  with  an  already  constituted  knowledge;  we  are  in  its  shadow.  However,  knowledge  is  not  already  constituted,  it  has  to  be  reinvented.  Knowledge  is perpetual reinvention in order for a new invention of the thing itself to reemerge (a perpetual  reorganization  of  the  void).  Each  discipline  has  decisive  acts  in  which  we  would like to participate.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Neni 1: Barazia Duam të kemi barazi sepse pa të, është e pamundur të tregojmë aftësitë tona.Na  bëjnë  të  besojmë  se  nuk  jemi  të  aftë  për  të  reflektuar.  Por  në  fillim  duhet  pra-nuar se nxënësi nuk është budalla dhe se dija nuk fitohet vetëm me mësimet shkollore (Nga eksperiencat tona personale, është e mundur të mësosh edhe jashtë institucionit të shkollës). Duhet bërë çmos që nxënësi mos të punojë më i zhvlerësuar, për shkak të mohimit të aftësive të tij, ndërkohë që aftësitë tona janë të njëjta me ato të pedagogëve. Na  paraqesin  disa  dije  si  të  krijuara  tashmë  dhe  ne  duhet  të  jemi  nën  hijen  e  tyre.  Mirëpo,  dijet  nuk  janë  të  krijuara,  ato  duhet  të  rikrijohen.  Dijet  janë  një  rizbulim  i  vazhdueshëm që mundësojnë shfaqjen e një krijimi të ri të vetë gjëjës (riorganizimi i vazhdueshëm i boshit). Çdo disiplinë përmban akte vendimtare ku ne duam të marrim pjesë.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Neni 1: Barazia Duam të kemi barazi sepse pa të, është e pamundur të tregojmë aftësitë tona.Na  bëjnë  të  besojmë  se  nuk  jemi  të  aftë  për  të  reflektuar.  Por  në  fillim  duhet  pra-nuar se nxënësi nuk është budalla dhe se dija nuk fitohet vetëm me mësimet shkollore (Nga eksperiencat tona personale, është e mundur të mësosh edhe jashtë institucionit të shkollës). Duhet bërë çmos që nxënësi mos të punojë më i zhvlerësuar, për shkak të mohimit të aftësive të tij, ndërkohë që aftësitë tona janë të njëjta me ato të pedagogëve. Na  paraqesin  disa  dije  si  të  krijuara  tashmë  dhe  ne  duhet  të  jemi  nën  hijen  e  tyre.  Mirëpo,  dijet  nuk  janë  të  krijuara,  ato  duhet  të  rikrijohen.  Dijet  janë  një  rizbulim  i  vazhdueshëm që mundësojnë shfaqjen e një krijimi të ri të vetë gjëjës (riorganizimi i vazhdueshëm i boshit). Çdo disiplinë përmban akte vendimtare ku ne duam të marrim pjesë.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The idea of doing something with it comes early on. I will photograph the papers. Not all of them, perhaps, but at least some of them, certainly my favorite ones. As it turns out, I don’t bother printing most of the papers and the idea of photographing my com-puter screen seems imbecilic. I also remember that I am a terrible photographer who does not even have the added benefit – in my case very much needed – of a half decent camera. I think all kinds of things that I no longer remember throughout July and at the end of the month announce that when it is all over, I will be handing out awards. (We are nearing the end of September now and I have forgotten which awards I intended to give to whom or how I was going to go about the whole thing.) I think also about the implications of the fact that for so many authors English is not their first language. Vincent suggests I write something instead. I decide to attempt it.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The idea of doing something with it comes early on. I will photograph the papers. Not all of them, perhaps, but at least some of them, certainly my favorite ones. As it turns out, I don’t bother printing most of the papers and the idea of photographing my com-puter screen seems imbecilic. I also remember that I am a terrible photographer who does not even have the added benefit – in my case very much needed – of a half decent camera. I think all kinds of things that I no longer remember throughout July and at the end of the month announce that when it is all over, I will be handing out awards. (We are nearing the end of September now and I have forgotten which awards I intended to give to whom or how I was going to go about the whole thing.) I think also about the implications of the fact that for so many authors English is not their first language. Vincent suggests I write something instead. I decide to attempt it.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Ideja për të bërë diçka me to më vjen herët. Kam për t’i fotografuar sprovat. Ndoshta jo të gjithat, por të paktën disa prej tyre, pa dyshim ato që më kanë pëlqyer më shumë. Por si përfundim nuk marr mundimin t’i shtyp shumicën prej tyre dhe ideja e fotogra-fimit të ekranit të kompjuterit më tingëllon paksa idiote. Gjithashtu, më bie ndërmend që jam një fotografe e tmerrshme e që nuk mund të përfitoj as nga një aparat fotogra-fik gjysmë i hairit (i domosdoshëm në rastin tim). Mendoj lloj-lloj gjërash që nuk më kujtohen më përgjatë korrikut dhe në fund të muajit shpall se, pasi gjithçka të jetë kryer, kam për të ndarë çmime. (Shtatorit po i vjen fundi ndërkaq dhe kam harruar se çfarë çmimesh kisha ndërmend t’i jepja kujt dhe sesi kisha ndërmend ta bëja këtë.) Mendoj gjithashtu edhe për faktin se shumë prej autorëve nuk e kanë anglishten gjuhën e tyre të parë.Vinsenti më sugjeron të shkruaj diçka. Vendos ta provoj.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Ideja për të bërë diçka me to më vjen herët. Kam për t’i fotografuar sprovat. Ndoshta jo të gjithat, por të paktën disa prej tyre, pa dyshim ato që më kanë pëlqyer më shumë. Por si përfundim nuk marr mundimin t’i shtyp shumicën prej tyre dhe ideja e fotogra-fimit të ekranit të kompjuterit më tingëllon paksa idiote. Gjithashtu, më bie ndërmend që jam një fotografe e tmerrshme e që nuk mund të përfitoj as nga një aparat fotogra-fik gjysmë i hairit (i domosdoshëm në rastin tim). Mendoj lloj-lloj gjërash që nuk më kujtohen më përgjatë korrikut dhe në fund të muajit shpall se, pasi gjithçka të jetë kryer, kam për të ndarë çmime. (Shtatorit po i vjen fundi ndërkaq dhe kam harruar se çfarë çmimesh kisha ndërmend t’i jepja kujt dhe sesi kisha ndërmend ta bëja këtë.) Mendoj gjithashtu edhe për faktin se shumë prej autorëve nuk e kanë anglishten gjuhën e tyre të parë.Vinsenti më sugjeron të shkruaj diçka. Vendos ta provoj.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Perceptron is a work of experimental poetry and a critical biographical reading of Frank Rosenblatt (1928–1971) and his 1957 invention, the Perceptron. The Perceptron was the first widely publicized and used machine learning device and the origin of much contemporary neural network technology. Rosenblatt was a psychologist, a computer engineer, a musician, an amateur astronomer, a sailor, and a poet. The Perceptron was born from an interdisciplinary mix of ideas and was so far ahead of its time that it was widely misunderstood by other scientists and the public.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This mechanical invention, imagined as an alternative to general purpose digital computers, and its algorithmic implementation as a simulation of the device was deeply rooted in mid-twentieth century neuroscience and psychological theories of behavior. Introduced to the world by one newspaper under the headline “Shades of Frankenstein!” in 1958, following a public demonstration in Maryland sponsored by the US Navy, the Perceptron was a radical new approach to designing computer systems. What made it different was its design as a simplified model of animal vision systems. The Perceptron could perform pattern recognition and matching from a collection of simple visual objects. It was innovative and impressive, but it was also constantly oversold by its financial supporters, the press, and by its inventor.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Perceptron traces, contextualizes, and celebrates the ideas that would become embedded in this early thinking machine and that animated the excitement and promise that would eventually turn to frustration and failure during Rosenblatt’s tragically short lifetime.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Perceptron is a work of experimental poetry and a critical biographical reading of Frank Rosenblatt (1928–1971) and his 1957 invention, the Perceptron. The Perceptron was the first widely publicized and used machine learning device and the origin of much contemporary neural network technology. Rosenblatt was a psychologist, a computer engineer, a musician, an amateur astronomer, a sailor, and a poet. The Perceptron was born from an interdisciplinary mix of ideas and was so far ahead of its time that it was widely misunderstood by other scientists and the public.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This mechanical invention, imagined as an alternative to general purpose digital computers, and its algorithmic implementation as a simulation of the device was deeply rooted in mid-twentieth century neuroscience and psychological theories of behavior. Introduced to the world by one newspaper under the headline “Shades of Frankenstein!” in 1958, following a public demonstration in Maryland sponsored by the US Navy, the Perceptron was a radical new approach to designing computer systems. What made it different was its design as a simplified model of animal vision systems. The Perceptron could perform pattern recognition and matching from a collection of simple visual objects. It was innovative and impressive, but it was also constantly oversold by its financial supporters, the press, and by its inventor.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Perceptron traces, contextualizes, and celebrates the ideas that would become embedded in this early thinking machine and that animated the excitement and promise that would eventually turn to frustration and failure during Rosenblatt’s tragically short lifetime.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Perceptron is a work of experimental poetry and a critical biographical reading of Frank Rosenblatt (1928–1971) and his 1957 invention, the Perceptron. The Perceptron was the first widely publicized and used machine learning device and the origin of much contemporary neural network technology. Rosenblatt was a psychologist, a computer engineer, a musician, an amateur astronomer, a sailor, and a poet. The Perceptron was born from an interdisciplinary mix of ideas and was so far ahead of its time that it was widely misunderstood by other scientists and the public.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This mechanical invention, imagined as an alternative to general purpose digital computers, and its algorithmic implementation as a simulation of the device was deeply rooted in mid-twentieth century neuroscience and psychological theories of behavior. Introduced to the world by one newspaper under the headline “Shades of Frankenstein!” in 1958, following a public demonstration in Maryland sponsored by the US Navy, the Perceptron was a radical new approach to designing computer systems. What made it different was its design as a simplified model of animal vision systems. The Perceptron could perform pattern recognition and matching from a collection of simple visual objects. It was innovative and impressive, but it was also constantly oversold by its financial supporters, the press, and by its inventor.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Perceptron traces, contextualizes, and celebrates the ideas that would become embedded in this early thinking machine and that animated the excitement and promise that would eventually turn to frustration and failure during Rosenblatt’s tragically short lifetime.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Perceptron is a work of experimental poetry and a critical biographical reading of Frank Rosenblatt (1928–1971) and his 1957 invention, the Perceptron. The Perceptron was the first widely publicized and used machine learning device and the origin of much contemporary neural network technology. Rosenblatt was a psychologist, a computer engineer, a musician, an amateur astronomer, a sailor, and a poet. The Perceptron was born from an interdisciplinary mix of ideas and was so far ahead of its time that it was widely misunderstood by other scientists and the public.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This mechanical invention, imagined as an alternative to general purpose digital computers, and its algorithmic implementation as a simulation of the device was deeply rooted in mid-twentieth century neuroscience and psychological theories of behavior. Introduced to the world by one newspaper under the headline “Shades of Frankenstein!” in 1958, following a public demonstration in Maryland sponsored by the US Navy, the Perceptron was a radical new approach to designing computer systems. What made it different was its design as a simplified model of animal vision systems. The Perceptron could perform pattern recognition and matching from a collection of simple visual objects. It was innovative and impressive, but it was also constantly oversold by its financial supporters, the press, and by its inventor.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Perceptron traces, contextualizes, and celebrates the ideas that would become embedded in this early thinking machine and that animated the excitement and promise that would eventually turn to frustration and failure during Rosenblatt’s tragically short lifetime.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Perceptron is a work of experimental poetry and a critical biographical reading of Frank Rosenblatt (1928–1971) and his 1957 invention, the Perceptron. The Perceptron was the first widely publicized and used machine learning device and the origin of much contemporary neural network technology. Rosenblatt was a psychologist, a computer engineer, a musician, an amateur astronomer, a sailor, and a poet. The Perceptron was born from an interdisciplinary mix of ideas and was so far ahead of its time that it was widely misunderstood by other scientists and the public.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This mechanical invention, imagined as an alternative to general purpose digital computers, and its algorithmic implementation as a simulation of the device was deeply rooted in mid-twentieth century neuroscience and psychological theories of behavior. Introduced to the world by one newspaper under the headline “Shades of Frankenstein!” in 1958, following a public demonstration in Maryland sponsored by the US Navy, the Perceptron was a radical new approach to designing computer systems. What made it different was its design as a simplified model of animal vision systems. The Perceptron could perform pattern recognition and matching from a collection of simple visual objects. It was innovative and impressive, but it was also constantly oversold by its financial supporters, the press, and by its inventor.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Perceptron traces, contextualizes, and celebrates the ideas that would become embedded in this early thinking machine and that animated the excitement and promise that would eventually turn to frustration and failure during Rosenblatt’s tragically short lifetime.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Porno-Graphics and Porno-Tactics asks whether, and how, it is possible to re-appropriate pornography and think through it critically and creatively for a project of liberation. In the different contributions which make up this deliberately heterogeneous collection of short, non-canonical essays, such a quest proceeds by re-articulating the aporias of desire, intimacy, touch and seduction. It also relates them to claims of visibility, visions of emancipation and its failures, as well as to the politics of violence that we get exposed to through circulating images and affects. This is an attempt to exceed the limits set by and for ourselves in relation to how we connect to our own bodies, to the bodies of our lovers and to the bodies of the theories we live with, sleep with and dream about – in short, to all that we get attached to.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The editors and contributors of this collection do not claim the euphoric potentiality of pornography as necessarily subversive and emancipatory, but are nevertheless open to the possibilities of re-shaping it (in textual, contextual, intertextual, but also affective and embodied forms) through different graphic and tactical/tactile inscriptions. On the one hand, authors reflect on definitions and practices of pornography as a genre adopting specific codes and canons, whether it is concerned with sex acts and the industry of porn or with other predominant forms of representation and the structures of power underlying them. On the other hand, chapters relate to the more affective, libidinal, synaesthetic and inter/subjective dimensions of pornography, and on the capacity of different reappropriations to subvert its limits.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Porno-Graphics and Porno-Tactics asks whether, and how, it is possible to re-appropriate pornography and think through it critically and creatively for a project of liberation. In the different contributions which make up this deliberately heterogeneous collection of short, non-canonical essays, such a quest proceeds by re-articulating the aporias of desire, intimacy, touch and seduction. It also relates them to claims of visibility, visions of emancipation and its failures, as well as to the politics of violence that we get exposed to through circulating images and affects. This is an attempt to exceed the limits set by and for ourselves in relation to how we connect to our own bodies, to the bodies of our lovers and to the bodies of the theories we live with, sleep with and dream about – in short, to all that we get attached to.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The editors and contributors of this collection do not claim the euphoric potentiality of pornography as necessarily subversive and emancipatory, but are nevertheless open to the possibilities of re-shaping it (in textual, contextual, intertextual, but also affective and embodied forms) through different graphic and tactical/tactile inscriptions. On the one hand, authors reflect on definitions and practices of pornography as a genre adopting specific codes and canons, whether it is concerned with sex acts and the industry of porn or with other predominant forms of representation and the structures of power underlying them. On the other hand, chapters relate to the more affective, libidinal, synaesthetic and inter/subjective dimensions of pornography, and on the capacity of different reappropriations to subvert its limits.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The  point  of  departure  of  this  edited  volume  was  experimental,  and so too is its result. The idea for this collection initially sprung from a need, not to mention desire, to open up, relate to and test the limits of certain avenues of thought and their material impli-cations. These were part of our intellectual horizons and everyday experiences when we were living in the UK, but were also shaped by our moving in and out of the country, and through friends, or friends of friends, families of all kinds, comrades, books, objects, concepts etc. from all over the world. The idea came from a need to experiment with (familiar or unfamiliar) others, so as to create a platform of engagement while “sweating” with certain concepts, as  Sarah  Ahmed  so  beautifully  put  it.1  But  such  need  to  experi-ment  derived  from  the  fact  that  we  had  already  found  ourselves  “sweating” with desire in our everyday lives, in relationships that were  confronting  us  with  our  own  failed  attempts  to  transcend  limits,  in  feelings  of  embarrassment,  frustration,  and  anger  with  imposed structures, in repeating what we had promised ourselves never to do again, in blushing with guilt for something we never for a moment thought we would do, but at the same time feeling the liberation of doing it, in not admitting to ourselves and others that queer might not be the word to define all of our unreleased fantasies, or in asking what the limits of queer might be... – the list of our meanderings in the realms of desire and sexuality could go on endlessly.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The  point  of  departure  of  this  edited  volume  was  experimental,  and so too is its result. The idea for this collection initially sprung from a need, not to mention desire, to open up, relate to and test the limits of certain avenues of thought and their material impli-cations. These were part of our intellectual horizons and everyday experiences when we were living in the UK, but were also shaped by our moving in and out of the country, and through friends, or friends of friends, families of all kinds, comrades, books, objects, concepts etc. from all over the world. The idea came from a need to experiment with (familiar or unfamiliar) others, so as to create a platform of engagement while “sweating” with certain concepts, as  Sarah  Ahmed  so  beautifully  put  it.1  But  such  need  to  experi-ment  derived  from  the  fact  that  we  had  already  found  ourselves  “sweating” with desire in our everyday lives, in relationships that were  confronting  us  with  our  own  failed  attempts  to  transcend  limits,  in  feelings  of  embarrassment,  frustration,  and  anger  with  imposed structures, in repeating what we had promised ourselves never to do again, in blushing with guilt for something we never for a moment thought we would do, but at the same time feeling the liberation of doing it, in not admitting to ourselves and others that queer might not be the word to define all of our unreleased fantasies, or in asking what the limits of queer might be... – the list of our meanderings in the realms of desire and sexuality could go on endlessly.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Pornography  is  representing  an  explicit  sexual  act.  However,  it’s  not my job to produce it, others do it very well, on a large scale and in a stylish way, like Shine Louise Houston or Courtney Trou-ble. Each artist has her own way of working and her own aesthet-ics. There are movements and currents of thought, which evolve in  time  and  sometimes  contradict  each  other.  Personally,  I  don’t  really like the term “post” (post-porn, post-feminism...), nor do I feel represented by the term “queer artist.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Pornography  is  representing  an  explicit  sexual  act.  However,  it’s  not my job to produce it, others do it very well, on a large scale and in a stylish way, like Shine Louise Houston or Courtney Trou-ble. Each artist has her own way of working and her own aesthet-ics. There are movements and currents of thought, which evolve in  time  and  sometimes  contradict  each  other.  Personally,  I  don’t  really like the term “post” (post-porn, post-feminism...), nor do I feel represented by the term “queer artist.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;There  is  nothing  inherently  empowering  about  making  porn  or  showing the naked female (or any gendered) body on stage. The empowering  part  I  believe,  is  primarily  based  in  our  freedom  to  explore what we are actually interested in, asking ourselves about life, and what we love to do. This could include, but is not limited to, discovering that we are exhibitionists or artists and/or that we enjoy exploring our sexuality with lots of different kinds of people. The  freedom  to  explore  these  things  –  without  feeling  pressure  from  speculations  about  our  gender  or  sexual  orientation  and  without  feeling  shame  about  what  we  are  publicly  “allowed”  to  do or express out loud as those genders and orientations – deflates the imagined magnitude of what it is to show our bodies’ sexuality in public.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;There  is  nothing  inherently  empowering  about  making  porn  or  showing the naked female (or any gendered) body on stage. The empowering  part  I  believe,  is  primarily  based  in  our  freedom  to  explore what we are actually interested in, asking ourselves about life, and what we love to do. This could include, but is not limited to, discovering that we are exhibitionists or artists and/or that we enjoy exploring our sexuality with lots of different kinds of people. The  freedom  to  explore  these  things  –  without  feeling  pressure  from  speculations  about  our  gender  or  sexual  orientation  and  without  feeling  shame  about  what  we  are  publicly  “allowed”  to  do or express out loud as those genders and orientations – deflates the imagined magnitude of what it is to show our bodies’ sexuality in public.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;While most critiques of – as well as support for – explicit sexuality are  framed  in  terms  of  morality,  exploitation,  and  misogyny  vs.  empowerment, agency and sexual liberation, Baudrillard’s polemi-cal twist invites us to reconsider the matter from a different angle. In  his  article  “Dust  Breeding,”  he  frames  explicit  sexuality  (e.g.,  live sex events, porn, etc.) as yet another manifestation of our col-lective  urge  to  demystify  life  into  a  banal  reality.1  He  disregards  the possibility of liberation through acts that hasten sexuality into integral  reality,  when  the  very  essence  of  power  lies  in  ascribing  to reality everything that was in the order of dreams. By integral reality,  Baudrillard  refers  to  the  procedure,  which  is  accelerated  by modernity, whereby everything becomes real, visible, transpar-ent, “liberated,” and legible to cultural and political regimes and whereby there is no longer anything on which there is nothing to say. He argues that sexuality is at best a hypothesis, and that as a hypothesis it does not make sense to strive for a systematic “libera-tion” through affirming the act. Rather, he contends that explicit-ness merely causes sexuality to lose its authority and its aura, the essential qualities that it once took on through repression.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;While most critiques of – as well as support for – explicit sexuality are  framed  in  terms  of  morality,  exploitation,  and  misogyny  vs.  empowerment, agency and sexual liberation, Baudrillard’s polemi-cal twist invites us to reconsider the matter from a different angle. In  his  article  “Dust  Breeding,”  he  frames  explicit  sexuality  (e.g.,  live sex events, porn, etc.) as yet another manifestation of our col-lective  urge  to  demystify  life  into  a  banal  reality.1  He  disregards  the possibility of liberation through acts that hasten sexuality into integral  reality,  when  the  very  essence  of  power  lies  in  ascribing  to reality everything that was in the order of dreams. By integral reality,  Baudrillard  refers  to  the  procedure,  which  is  accelerated  by modernity, whereby everything becomes real, visible, transpar-ent, “liberated,” and legible to cultural and political regimes and whereby there is no longer anything on which there is nothing to say. He argues that sexuality is at best a hypothesis, and that as a hypothesis it does not make sense to strive for a systematic “libera-tion” through affirming the act. Rather, he contends that explicit-ness merely causes sexuality to lose its authority and its aura, the essential qualities that it once took on through repression.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In  a  channel  for  amateur  pornographic  videos  online,  an  odd  video bobs into view titled “Crowded Bus.” This video has about 6,900,000 hits. A person sitting in the front section of a bus has shot this video, and its lingering, intrusive gaze passes over various women seated and standing around. One or two of them notice the camera and give irritated glances. Most ignore it and continue talking or staring into the distance, the banality of their daily com-mute undisturbed by this almost idiotic and perverse sexual gaze on bodies packed into a bus. Buses and trains are spaces in India where women are often harassed; hence the separation of the bus into gendered zones so that women can sit safely in the front. But these are also spaces in which myriad consensual yet covert sexual encounters are taking place between people.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In  a  channel  for  amateur  pornographic  videos  online,  an  odd  video bobs into view titled “Crowded Bus.” This video has about 6,900,000 hits. A person sitting in the front section of a bus has shot this video, and its lingering, intrusive gaze passes over various women seated and standing around. One or two of them notice the camera and give irritated glances. Most ignore it and continue talking or staring into the distance, the banality of their daily com-mute undisturbed by this almost idiotic and perverse sexual gaze on bodies packed into a bus. Buses and trains are spaces in India where women are often harassed; hence the separation of the bus into gendered zones so that women can sit safely in the front. But these are also spaces in which myriad consensual yet covert sexual encounters are taking place between people.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Jamison Green’s essay “Look! No, Don’t!: The Visibility Dilemma for  Transsexual  Men”  discusses  the  conflict  between  on  the  one  hand  claiming  that  “we”  transsexuals  want  to  be  invisible,  while  on the other hand begging to be acknowledged. The activism that demands that society “Look!” is carried out through what Green calls  “public  ‘confessions,’”  revelations  that  are  situated  beyond  family,  lovers,  and  doctors  in  increasingly  public  spaces  such  as  classrooms,  the  television,  and  especially,  in  films.1  The  counter-imperative “No, don’t!,” as Green explains, relates to being caught up in the regulation of transsexual treatment, in which “in order to be a good – or successful – transsexual person, one is not sup-posed to be a transsexual person at all.”2 At least from a medical perspective, the aim of hormonal and surgical treatment is to make the patient feel “normal” (that is, non-transsexual or dysphoric), a cure embodied by not drawing attention to oneself as transsexual.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Jamison Green’s essay “Look! No, Don’t!: The Visibility Dilemma for  Transsexual  Men”  discusses  the  conflict  between  on  the  one  hand  claiming  that  “we”  transsexuals  want  to  be  invisible,  while  on the other hand begging to be acknowledged. The activism that demands that society “Look!” is carried out through what Green calls  “public  ‘confessions,’”  revelations  that  are  situated  beyond  family,  lovers,  and  doctors  in  increasingly  public  spaces  such  as  classrooms,  the  television,  and  especially,  in  films.1  The  counter-imperative “No, don’t!,” as Green explains, relates to being caught up in the regulation of transsexual treatment, in which “in order to be a good – or successful – transsexual person, one is not sup-posed to be a transsexual person at all.”2 At least from a medical perspective, the aim of hormonal and surgical treatment is to make the patient feel “normal” (that is, non-transsexual or dysphoric), a cure embodied by not drawing attention to oneself as transsexual.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;n  his  novel  On  Heroes  and  Tombs,  the  Argentinean  writer  Er-nesto  Sabato  incorporates  artistically  a  series  of  beliefs  and  cul-tural obsessions that directly connect blindness to the concept of darkness – and to whatever that might entail. One of the novel’s central figures, Fernando Vidal Olmos, attempts to bring to light the secrets of the Sect of the Blind, an organization which, in his deep-rooted belief, represents the Prince of Darkness and governs the world on his behalf in a shifty and infernal way and by using supernatural and invincible strengths. He thus begins a dangerous journey into the dark and underground world where he imagines the blind to initiate the new arrivals – that is, whoever has just lost their sight – and to plan their secret action. There, he finds himself in a boundless, deep and terrifying darkness, inhabited by serpents and snakes, bats and spiders, carnivorous birds that fly around him threatening him and eventually ripping out his eyes. In the tunnels he  traverses  looking  for  secret  passages,  the  water  stagnates  and  sticky creatures whose existence nobody could even imagine hide in the slime’s dampness.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;n  his  novel  On  Heroes  and  Tombs,  the  Argentinean  writer  Er-nesto  Sabato  incorporates  artistically  a  series  of  beliefs  and  cul-tural obsessions that directly connect blindness to the concept of darkness – and to whatever that might entail. One of the novel’s central figures, Fernando Vidal Olmos, attempts to bring to light the secrets of the Sect of the Blind, an organization which, in his deep-rooted belief, represents the Prince of Darkness and governs the world on his behalf in a shifty and infernal way and by using supernatural and invincible strengths. He thus begins a dangerous journey into the dark and underground world where he imagines the blind to initiate the new arrivals – that is, whoever has just lost their sight – and to plan their secret action. There, he finds himself in a boundless, deep and terrifying darkness, inhabited by serpents and snakes, bats and spiders, carnivorous birds that fly around him threatening him and eventually ripping out his eyes. In the tunnels he  traverses  looking  for  secret  passages,  the  water  stagnates  and  sticky creatures whose existence nobody could even imagine hide in the slime’s dampness.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Broom  handles  and  stool  legs,  cheap-  champagne  and  Coke  bottles,  plastic  tubes  with  barbed  wire  and  police  batons  are  all  shoved  in  people’s  anuses  to  produce  confessions,  to  force  them  to own up to crimes that they never committed or even imagined. Those wielding the tools hope this will help get them a promotion or keep within the demands of statistics, and will also give them pleasure.  In  other  words  these  are  legal  instruments  for  making  of  thieves,  terrorists,  murderers,  extremists,  bandits,  hooligans,  or any sort of delinquent required by local economies and global politics. Indeed the materiality and the names of the tools testify to this: police batons are manufactured in rubber factories in little Russian towns, and stamped with revealing abbreviations such as PUS  (palka  universal’naia  spetsial’naia,  “special  universal  stick”)  with  clear  specifications — “PUS-1  Argument,”  “PUS-2  Argument  B,”  “PUS-3  Siurpriz,”  “PUS-4  Kontakt”  —  language  that  speci-fies  the  violence  inherent  in  these  objects.  Investigators’  offices,  temporary detention facilities, military bases, penal colonies, tor-ture  basements  in  police  stations...  These  factories-of-law-cum-pleasure-playgrounds  use  the  acronyms  (ROVD,  ORB,  FSB,  ORC,  UBOP, RUBOP, OVD) that within local vernacular are substitutable and  inextricable  from  the  history  of  terror  extending  to  the  KGB and its affiliates.1 A lot has come out of these spaces: photographs, cellphone videos, journalist reports, legal documents, testimonies, interviews, stories told, retold, imagined, more signatures, confes-sions, trial recordings, legal protocols... Some sort of scene is built up  of  raped,  mutilated,  and  objectified  bodies,  which  seems  to  make violence compatible with pornography.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Broom  handles  and  stool  legs,  cheap-  champagne  and  Coke  bottles,  plastic  tubes  with  barbed  wire  and  police  batons  are  all  shoved  in  people’s  anuses  to  produce  confessions,  to  force  them  to own up to crimes that they never committed or even imagined. Those wielding the tools hope this will help get them a promotion or keep within the demands of statistics, and will also give them pleasure.  In  other  words  these  are  legal  instruments  for  making  of  thieves,  terrorists,  murderers,  extremists,  bandits,  hooligans,  or any sort of delinquent required by local economies and global politics. Indeed the materiality and the names of the tools testify to this: police batons are manufactured in rubber factories in little Russian towns, and stamped with revealing abbreviations such as PUS  (palka  universal’naia  spetsial’naia,  “special  universal  stick”)  with  clear  specifications — “PUS-1  Argument,”  “PUS-2  Argument  B,”  “PUS-3  Siurpriz,”  “PUS-4  Kontakt”  —  language  that  speci-fies  the  violence  inherent  in  these  objects.  Investigators’  offices,  temporary detention facilities, military bases, penal colonies, tor-ture  basements  in  police  stations...  These  factories-of-law-cum-pleasure-playgrounds  use  the  acronyms  (ROVD,  ORB,  FSB,  ORC,  UBOP, RUBOP, OVD) that within local vernacular are substitutable and  inextricable  from  the  history  of  terror  extending  to  the  KGB and its affiliates.1 A lot has come out of these spaces: photographs, cellphone videos, journalist reports, legal documents, testimonies, interviews, stories told, retold, imagined, more signatures, confes-sions, trial recordings, legal protocols... Some sort of scene is built up  of  raped,  mutilated,  and  objectified  bodies,  which  seems  to  make violence compatible with pornography.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Porno-Graphics and Porno-Tactics asks whether, and how, it is possible to re-appropriate pornography and think through it critically and creatively for a project of liberation. In the different contributions which make up this deliberately heterogeneous collection of short, non-canonical essays, such a quest proceeds by re-articulating the aporias of desire, intimacy, touch and seduction. It also relates them to claims of visibility, visions of emancipation and its failures, as well as to the politics of violence that we get exposed to through circulating images and affects. This is an attempt to exceed the limits set by and for ourselves in relation to how we connect to our own bodies, to the bodies of our lovers and to the bodies of the theories we live with, sleep with and dream about – in short, to all that we get attached to.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The editors and contributors of this collection do not claim the euphoric potentiality of pornography as necessarily subversive and emancipatory, but are nevertheless open to the possibilities of re-shaping it (in textual, contextual, intertextual, but also affective and embodied forms) through different graphic and tactical/tactile inscriptions. On the one hand, authors reflect on definitions and practices of pornography as a genre adopting specific codes and canons, whether it is concerned with sex acts and the industry of porn or with other predominant forms of representation and the structures of power underlying them. On the other hand, chapters relate to the more affective, libidinal, synaesthetic and inter/subjective dimensions of pornography, and on the capacity of different reappropriations to subvert its limits.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Porno-Graphics and Porno-Tactics asks whether, and how, it is possible to re-appropriate pornography and think through it critically and creatively for a project of liberation. In the different contributions which make up this deliberately heterogeneous collection of short, non-canonical essays, such a quest proceeds by re-articulating the aporias of desire, intimacy, touch and seduction. It also relates them to claims of visibility, visions of emancipation and its failures, as well as to the politics of violence that we get exposed to through circulating images and affects. This is an attempt to exceed the limits set by and for ourselves in relation to how we connect to our own bodies, to the bodies of our lovers and to the bodies of the theories we live with, sleep with and dream about – in short, to all that we get attached to.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The editors and contributors of this collection do not claim the euphoric potentiality of pornography as necessarily subversive and emancipatory, but are nevertheless open to the possibilities of re-shaping it (in textual, contextual, intertextual, but also affective and embodied forms) through different graphic and tactical/tactile inscriptions. On the one hand, authors reflect on definitions and practices of pornography as a genre adopting specific codes and canons, whether it is concerned with sex acts and the industry of porn or with other predominant forms of representation and the structures of power underlying them. On the other hand, chapters relate to the more affective, libidinal, synaesthetic and inter/subjective dimensions of pornography, and on the capacity of different reappropriations to subvert its limits.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The  point  of  departure  of  this  edited  volume  was  experimental,  and so too is its result. The idea for this collection initially sprung from a need, not to mention desire, to open up, relate to and test the limits of certain avenues of thought and their material impli-cations. These were part of our intellectual horizons and everyday experiences when we were living in the UK, but were also shaped by our moving in and out of the country, and through friends, or friends of friends, families of all kinds, comrades, books, objects, concepts etc. from all over the world. The idea came from a need to experiment with (familiar or unfamiliar) others, so as to create a platform of engagement while “sweating” with certain concepts, as  Sarah  Ahmed  so  beautifully  put  it.1  But  such  need  to  experi-ment  derived  from  the  fact  that  we  had  already  found  ourselves  “sweating” with desire in our everyday lives, in relationships that were  confronting  us  with  our  own  failed  attempts  to  transcend  limits,  in  feelings  of  embarrassment,  frustration,  and  anger  with  imposed structures, in repeating what we had promised ourselves never to do again, in blushing with guilt for something we never for a moment thought we would do, but at the same time feeling the liberation of doing it, in not admitting to ourselves and others that queer might not be the word to define all of our unreleased fantasies, or in asking what the limits of queer might be... – the list of our meanderings in the realms of desire and sexuality could go on endlessly.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The  point  of  departure  of  this  edited  volume  was  experimental,  and so too is its result. The idea for this collection initially sprung from a need, not to mention desire, to open up, relate to and test the limits of certain avenues of thought and their material impli-cations. These were part of our intellectual horizons and everyday experiences when we were living in the UK, but were also shaped by our moving in and out of the country, and through friends, or friends of friends, families of all kinds, comrades, books, objects, concepts etc. from all over the world. The idea came from a need to experiment with (familiar or unfamiliar) others, so as to create a platform of engagement while “sweating” with certain concepts, as  Sarah  Ahmed  so  beautifully  put  it.1  But  such  need  to  experi-ment  derived  from  the  fact  that  we  had  already  found  ourselves  “sweating” with desire in our everyday lives, in relationships that were  confronting  us  with  our  own  failed  attempts  to  transcend  limits,  in  feelings  of  embarrassment,  frustration,  and  anger  with  imposed structures, in repeating what we had promised ourselves never to do again, in blushing with guilt for something we never for a moment thought we would do, but at the same time feeling the liberation of doing it, in not admitting to ourselves and others that queer might not be the word to define all of our unreleased fantasies, or in asking what the limits of queer might be... – the list of our meanderings in the realms of desire and sexuality could go on endlessly.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Pornography  is  representing  an  explicit  sexual  act.  However,  it’s  not my job to produce it, others do it very well, on a large scale and in a stylish way, like Shine Louise Houston or Courtney Trou-ble. Each artist has her own way of working and her own aesthet-ics. There are movements and currents of thought, which evolve in  time  and  sometimes  contradict  each  other.  Personally,  I  don’t  really like the term “post” (post-porn, post-feminism...), nor do I feel represented by the term “queer artist.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Pornography  is  representing  an  explicit  sexual  act.  However,  it’s  not my job to produce it, others do it very well, on a large scale and in a stylish way, like Shine Louise Houston or Courtney Trou-ble. Each artist has her own way of working and her own aesthet-ics. There are movements and currents of thought, which evolve in  time  and  sometimes  contradict  each  other.  Personally,  I  don’t  really like the term “post” (post-porn, post-feminism...), nor do I feel represented by the term “queer artist.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;There  is  nothing  inherently  empowering  about  making  porn  or  showing the naked female (or any gendered) body on stage. The empowering  part  I  believe,  is  primarily  based  in  our  freedom  to  explore what we are actually interested in, asking ourselves about life, and what we love to do. This could include, but is not limited to, discovering that we are exhibitionists or artists and/or that we enjoy exploring our sexuality with lots of different kinds of people. The  freedom  to  explore  these  things  –  without  feeling  pressure  from  speculations  about  our  gender  or  sexual  orientation  and  without  feeling  shame  about  what  we  are  publicly  “allowed”  to  do or express out loud as those genders and orientations – deflates the imagined magnitude of what it is to show our bodies’ sexuality in public.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;There  is  nothing  inherently  empowering  about  making  porn  or  showing the naked female (or any gendered) body on stage. The empowering  part  I  believe,  is  primarily  based  in  our  freedom  to  explore what we are actually interested in, asking ourselves about life, and what we love to do. This could include, but is not limited to, discovering that we are exhibitionists or artists and/or that we enjoy exploring our sexuality with lots of different kinds of people. The  freedom  to  explore  these  things  –  without  feeling  pressure  from  speculations  about  our  gender  or  sexual  orientation  and  without  feeling  shame  about  what  we  are  publicly  “allowed”  to  do or express out loud as those genders and orientations – deflates the imagined magnitude of what it is to show our bodies’ sexuality in public.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;While most critiques of – as well as support for – explicit sexuality are  framed  in  terms  of  morality,  exploitation,  and  misogyny  vs.  empowerment, agency and sexual liberation, Baudrillard’s polemi-cal twist invites us to reconsider the matter from a different angle. In  his  article  “Dust  Breeding,”  he  frames  explicit  sexuality  (e.g.,  live sex events, porn, etc.) as yet another manifestation of our col-lective  urge  to  demystify  life  into  a  banal  reality.1  He  disregards  the possibility of liberation through acts that hasten sexuality into integral  reality,  when  the  very  essence  of  power  lies  in  ascribing  to reality everything that was in the order of dreams. By integral reality,  Baudrillard  refers  to  the  procedure,  which  is  accelerated  by modernity, whereby everything becomes real, visible, transpar-ent, “liberated,” and legible to cultural and political regimes and whereby there is no longer anything on which there is nothing to say. He argues that sexuality is at best a hypothesis, and that as a hypothesis it does not make sense to strive for a systematic “libera-tion” through affirming the act. Rather, he contends that explicit-ness merely causes sexuality to lose its authority and its aura, the essential qualities that it once took on through repression.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;While most critiques of – as well as support for – explicit sexuality are  framed  in  terms  of  morality,  exploitation,  and  misogyny  vs.  empowerment, agency and sexual liberation, Baudrillard’s polemi-cal twist invites us to reconsider the matter from a different angle. In  his  article  “Dust  Breeding,”  he  frames  explicit  sexuality  (e.g.,  live sex events, porn, etc.) as yet another manifestation of our col-lective  urge  to  demystify  life  into  a  banal  reality.1  He  disregards  the possibility of liberation through acts that hasten sexuality into integral  reality,  when  the  very  essence  of  power  lies  in  ascribing  to reality everything that was in the order of dreams. By integral reality,  Baudrillard  refers  to  the  procedure,  which  is  accelerated  by modernity, whereby everything becomes real, visible, transpar-ent, “liberated,” and legible to cultural and political regimes and whereby there is no longer anything on which there is nothing to say. He argues that sexuality is at best a hypothesis, and that as a hypothesis it does not make sense to strive for a systematic “libera-tion” through affirming the act. Rather, he contends that explicit-ness merely causes sexuality to lose its authority and its aura, the essential qualities that it once took on through repression.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Everyday Porn</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Namita Aavriti</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In  a  channel  for  amateur  pornographic  videos  online,  an  odd  video bobs into view titled “Crowded Bus.” This video has about 6,900,000 hits. A person sitting in the front section of a bus has shot this video, and its lingering, intrusive gaze passes over various women seated and standing around. One or two of them notice the camera and give irritated glances. Most ignore it and continue talking or staring into the distance, the banality of their daily com-mute undisturbed by this almost idiotic and perverse sexual gaze on bodies packed into a bus. Buses and trains are spaces in India where women are often harassed; hence the separation of the bus into gendered zones so that women can sit safely in the front. But these are also spaces in which myriad consensual yet covert sexual encounters are taking place between people.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In  a  channel  for  amateur  pornographic  videos  online,  an  odd  video bobs into view titled “Crowded Bus.” This video has about 6,900,000 hits. A person sitting in the front section of a bus has shot this video, and its lingering, intrusive gaze passes over various women seated and standing around. One or two of them notice the camera and give irritated glances. Most ignore it and continue talking or staring into the distance, the banality of their daily com-mute undisturbed by this almost idiotic and perverse sexual gaze on bodies packed into a bus. Buses and trains are spaces in India where women are often harassed; hence the separation of the bus into gendered zones so that women can sit safely in the front. But these are also spaces in which myriad consensual yet covert sexual encounters are taking place between people.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Look! But Also, Touch!</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Theorizing Images of Trans Eroticism Beyond a Politics of Visual Essentialism</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Eliza Steinbock</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Jamison Green’s essay “Look! No, Don’t!: The Visibility Dilemma for  Transsexual  Men”  discusses  the  conflict  between  on  the  one  hand  claiming  that  “we”  transsexuals  want  to  be  invisible,  while  on the other hand begging to be acknowledged. The activism that demands that society “Look!” is carried out through what Green calls  “public  ‘confessions,’”  revelations  that  are  situated  beyond  family,  lovers,  and  doctors  in  increasingly  public  spaces  such  as  classrooms,  the  television,  and  especially,  in  films.1  The  counter-imperative “No, don’t!,” as Green explains, relates to being caught up in the regulation of transsexual treatment, in which “in order to be a good – or successful – transsexual person, one is not sup-posed to be a transsexual person at all.”2 At least from a medical perspective, the aim of hormonal and surgical treatment is to make the patient feel “normal” (that is, non-transsexual or dysphoric), a cure embodied by not drawing attention to oneself as transsexual.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Jamison Green’s essay “Look! No, Don’t!: The Visibility Dilemma for  Transsexual  Men”  discusses  the  conflict  between  on  the  one  hand  claiming  that  “we”  transsexuals  want  to  be  invisible,  while  on the other hand begging to be acknowledged. The activism that demands that society “Look!” is carried out through what Green calls  “public  ‘confessions,’”  revelations  that  are  situated  beyond  family,  lovers,  and  doctors  in  increasingly  public  spaces  such  as  classrooms,  the  television,  and  especially,  in  films.1  The  counter-imperative “No, don’t!,” as Green explains, relates to being caught up in the regulation of transsexual treatment, in which “in order to be a good – or successful – transsexual person, one is not sup-posed to be a transsexual person at all.”2 At least from a medical perspective, the aim of hormonal and surgical treatment is to make the patient feel “normal” (that is, non-transsexual or dysphoric), a cure embodied by not drawing attention to oneself as transsexual.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Pornography for Blind and Visually Impaired People</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">On Tactility and Monstrosity</Subtitle>
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            <Affiliation>Panteion University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;n  his  novel  On  Heroes  and  Tombs,  the  Argentinean  writer  Er-nesto  Sabato  incorporates  artistically  a  series  of  beliefs  and  cul-tural obsessions that directly connect blindness to the concept of darkness – and to whatever that might entail. One of the novel’s central figures, Fernando Vidal Olmos, attempts to bring to light the secrets of the Sect of the Blind, an organization which, in his deep-rooted belief, represents the Prince of Darkness and governs the world on his behalf in a shifty and infernal way and by using supernatural and invincible strengths. He thus begins a dangerous journey into the dark and underground world where he imagines the blind to initiate the new arrivals – that is, whoever has just lost their sight – and to plan their secret action. There, he finds himself in a boundless, deep and terrifying darkness, inhabited by serpents and snakes, bats and spiders, carnivorous birds that fly around him threatening him and eventually ripping out his eyes. In the tunnels he  traverses  looking  for  secret  passages,  the  water  stagnates  and  sticky creatures whose existence nobody could even imagine hide in the slime’s dampness.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;n  his  novel  On  Heroes  and  Tombs,  the  Argentinean  writer  Er-nesto  Sabato  incorporates  artistically  a  series  of  beliefs  and  cul-tural obsessions that directly connect blindness to the concept of darkness – and to whatever that might entail. One of the novel’s central figures, Fernando Vidal Olmos, attempts to bring to light the secrets of the Sect of the Blind, an organization which, in his deep-rooted belief, represents the Prince of Darkness and governs the world on his behalf in a shifty and infernal way and by using supernatural and invincible strengths. He thus begins a dangerous journey into the dark and underground world where he imagines the blind to initiate the new arrivals – that is, whoever has just lost their sight – and to plan their secret action. There, he finds himself in a boundless, deep and terrifying darkness, inhabited by serpents and snakes, bats and spiders, carnivorous birds that fly around him threatening him and eventually ripping out his eyes. In the tunnels he  traverses  looking  for  secret  passages,  the  water  stagnates  and  sticky creatures whose existence nobody could even imagine hide in the slime’s dampness.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">A Note on Pornography and Violence</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Mantas Kvedaravicius</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>Vilnius University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Broom  handles  and  stool  legs,  cheap-  champagne  and  Coke  bottles,  plastic  tubes  with  barbed  wire  and  police  batons  are  all  shoved  in  people’s  anuses  to  produce  confessions,  to  force  them  to own up to crimes that they never committed or even imagined. Those wielding the tools hope this will help get them a promotion or keep within the demands of statistics, and will also give them pleasure.  In  other  words  these  are  legal  instruments  for  making  of  thieves,  terrorists,  murderers,  extremists,  bandits,  hooligans,  or any sort of delinquent required by local economies and global politics. Indeed the materiality and the names of the tools testify to this: police batons are manufactured in rubber factories in little Russian towns, and stamped with revealing abbreviations such as PUS  (palka  universal’naia  spetsial’naia,  “special  universal  stick”)  with  clear  specifications — “PUS-1  Argument,”  “PUS-2  Argument  B,”  “PUS-3  Siurpriz,”  “PUS-4  Kontakt”  —  language  that  speci-fies  the  violence  inherent  in  these  objects.  Investigators’  offices,  temporary detention facilities, military bases, penal colonies, tor-ture  basements  in  police  stations...  These  factories-of-law-cum-pleasure-playgrounds  use  the  acronyms  (ROVD,  ORB,  FSB,  ORC,  UBOP, RUBOP, OVD) that within local vernacular are substitutable and  inextricable  from  the  history  of  terror  extending  to  the  KGB and its affiliates.1 A lot has come out of these spaces: photographs, cellphone videos, journalist reports, legal documents, testimonies, interviews, stories told, retold, imagined, more signatures, confes-sions, trial recordings, legal protocols... Some sort of scene is built up  of  raped,  mutilated,  and  objectified  bodies,  which  seems  to  make violence compatible with pornography.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Broom  handles  and  stool  legs,  cheap-  champagne  and  Coke  bottles,  plastic  tubes  with  barbed  wire  and  police  batons  are  all  shoved  in  people’s  anuses  to  produce  confessions,  to  force  them  to own up to crimes that they never committed or even imagined. Those wielding the tools hope this will help get them a promotion or keep within the demands of statistics, and will also give them pleasure.  In  other  words  these  are  legal  instruments  for  making  of  thieves,  terrorists,  murderers,  extremists,  bandits,  hooligans,  or any sort of delinquent required by local economies and global politics. Indeed the materiality and the names of the tools testify to this: police batons are manufactured in rubber factories in little Russian towns, and stamped with revealing abbreviations such as PUS  (palka  universal’naia  spetsial’naia,  “special  universal  stick”)  with  clear  specifications — “PUS-1  Argument,”  “PUS-2  Argument  B,”  “PUS-3  Siurpriz,”  “PUS-4  Kontakt”  —  language  that  speci-fies  the  violence  inherent  in  these  objects.  Investigators’  offices,  temporary detention facilities, military bases, penal colonies, tor-ture  basements  in  police  stations...  These  factories-of-law-cum-pleasure-playgrounds  use  the  acronyms  (ROVD,  ORB,  FSB,  ORC,  UBOP, RUBOP, OVD) that within local vernacular are substitutable and  inextricable  from  the  history  of  terror  extending  to  the  KGB and its affiliates.1 A lot has come out of these spaces: photographs, cellphone videos, journalist reports, legal documents, testimonies, interviews, stories told, retold, imagined, more signatures, confes-sions, trial recordings, legal protocols... Some sort of scene is built up  of  raped,  mutilated,  and  objectified  bodies,  which  seems  to  make violence compatible with pornography.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Art-form, send-up, farce, ironic disarticulation, pastiche, propaganda, trololololol, mode of critique, mode of production, means of politicisation, even of subjectivation -- memes are the inner currency of the internet’s circulatory system. Independent of any one set value, memes are famously the mode of conveyance for the alt-right, the irony left, and the apoliticos alike,  and they are impervious to many economic valuations: the attempts made in co-opting their discourse in advertising and big business have made little headway, and have usually been derailed by retaliative meming. Post-Memes: Seizing the Memes of Production takes advantage of the meme’s subversive adaptability and ripeness for a focused, in-depth study. Pulling together the interrogative forces of a raft of thinkers at the forefront of tech theory and media dissection, this collection of essays paves a way to articulating the semiotic fabric of the early 21st century’s most prevalent means of content posting, and aims at the very seizing of the memes of production for the imagining and creation of new political horizons.With contributions from Scott and McKenzie Wark, Patricia Reed, Jay Owens, Thomas Hobson and Kaajal Modi, Dominic Pettman, Bogna M. Konior, and Eric Wilson, among others, this essay volume offers the freshest approaches available in the field of memes studies and inaugurates a new kind of writing about the newest manifestations of the written online. The book aims to become the go-to resource for all students and scholars of memes, and will be of the utmost interest to anyone interested in the internet’s most viral phenomenon.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Non-Conceptual Negativity: Damaged Reflections on Turkey critiques those who have accused Deleuze of an unbounded affirmation which, according to them, has played directly into the hands of capitalist modes of production. Yet no one has acknowledged that under the aegis of nano-fascism, late capitalism has grown into Neanderthal capitalism, invented and developed in laboratory countries like Turkey with the aid of an international Neanderthal league.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Layer upon layer, Aracagök explains in fragmentary fashion that it is not only a matter of how Turkey has grown into a prime laboratory of nano-fascism with the aid of the US and the European Union, but also how the results obtained from this laboratory are put into practice in different countries under Neanderthal capitalism, enslaving each and every one of us into accepting even the position of suicide bomber. As none of us is exempted from nano-fascism today, perhaps it is timely to reconsider the ways in which Deleuzian thought is appropriated in the form of an unquestioned affirmation of everything and how its critique has ended up in an old-fashioned formulation of the in-dividual according to a party program.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;If this all goes to show that we are face to face with a route different from the accepted forms of affirmation — that is, if we are all affirmed and seem to be happily affirming life as it is as a result of the Neanderthal manipulation of the negative — then isn’t it timely to rethink the Deleuzian affirmation in its non-originary origin with regard to Adorno’s resistance against affirmation? That is, the double negation never ends up in affirmation, and if it does so, it might mean your negation is not strong enough.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Non-Conceptual Negativity: Damaged Reflections on Turkey critiques those who have accused Deleuze of an unbounded affirmation which, according to them, has played directly into the hands of capitalist modes of production. Yet no one has acknowledged that under the aegis of nano-fascism, late capitalism has grown into Neanderthal capitalism, invented and developed in laboratory countries like Turkey with the aid of an international Neanderthal league.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Layer upon layer, Aracagök explains in fragmentary fashion that it is not only a matter of how Turkey has grown into a prime laboratory of nano-fascism with the aid of the US and the European Union, but also how the results obtained from this laboratory are put into practice in different countries under Neanderthal capitalism, enslaving each and every one of us into accepting even the position of suicide bomber. As none of us is exempted from nano-fascism today, perhaps it is timely to reconsider the ways in which Deleuzian thought is appropriated in the form of an unquestioned affirmation of everything and how its critique has ended up in an old-fashioned formulation of the in-dividual according to a party program.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;If this all goes to show that we are face to face with a route different from the accepted forms of affirmation — that is, if we are all affirmed and seem to be happily affirming life as it is as a result of the Neanderthal manipulation of the negative — then isn’t it timely to rethink the Deleuzian affirmation in its non-originary origin with regard to Adorno’s resistance against affirmation? That is, the double negation never ends up in affirmation, and if it does so, it might mean your negation is not strong enough.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Non-Conceptual Negativity: Damaged Reflections on Turkey critiques those who have accused Deleuze of an unbounded affirmation which, according to them, has played directly into the hands of capitalist modes of production. Yet no one has acknowledged that under the aegis of nano-fascism, late capitalism has grown into Neanderthal capitalism, invented and developed in laboratory countries like Turkey with the aid of an international Neanderthal league.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Layer upon layer, Aracagök explains in fragmentary fashion that it is not only a matter of how Turkey has grown into a prime laboratory of nano-fascism with the aid of the US and the European Union, but also how the results obtained from this laboratory are put into practice in different countries under Neanderthal capitalism, enslaving each and every one of us into accepting even the position of suicide bomber. As none of us is exempted from nano-fascism today, perhaps it is timely to reconsider the ways in which Deleuzian thought is appropriated in the form of an unquestioned affirmation of everything and how its critique has ended up in an old-fashioned formulation of the in-dividual according to a party program.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;If this all goes to show that we are face to face with a route different from the accepted forms of affirmation — that is, if we are all affirmed and seem to be happily affirming life as it is as a result of the Neanderthal manipulation of the negative — then isn’t it timely to rethink the Deleuzian affirmation in its non-originary origin with regard to Adorno’s resistance against affirmation? That is, the double negation never ends up in affirmation, and if it does so, it might mean your negation is not strong enough.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Non-Conceptual Negativity: Damaged Reflections on Turkey critiques those who have accused Deleuze of an unbounded affirmation which, according to them, has played directly into the hands of capitalist modes of production. Yet no one has acknowledged that under the aegis of nano-fascism, late capitalism has grown into Neanderthal capitalism, invented and developed in laboratory countries like Turkey with the aid of an international Neanderthal league.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Layer upon layer, Aracagök explains in fragmentary fashion that it is not only a matter of how Turkey has grown into a prime laboratory of nano-fascism with the aid of the US and the European Union, but also how the results obtained from this laboratory are put into practice in different countries under Neanderthal capitalism, enslaving each and every one of us into accepting even the position of suicide bomber. As none of us is exempted from nano-fascism today, perhaps it is timely to reconsider the ways in which Deleuzian thought is appropriated in the form of an unquestioned affirmation of everything and how its critique has ended up in an old-fashioned formulation of the in-dividual according to a party program.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;If this all goes to show that we are face to face with a route different from the accepted forms of affirmation — that is, if we are all affirmed and seem to be happily affirming life as it is as a result of the Neanderthal manipulation of the negative — then isn’t it timely to rethink the Deleuzian affirmation in its non-originary origin with regard to Adorno’s resistance against affirmation? That is, the double negation never ends up in affirmation, and if it does so, it might mean your negation is not strong enough.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In the wake of the 2016 U.S. Presidential election, considerable ink was spilled on the architecture and interior design of the buildings owned and inhabited by Donald J. Trump. In an effort to understand the inner workings of America’s first real-estate-mogul-in-chief, commentators remarked on everything from the president’s fastidious taste in window dressings to the exaggerated floor counts boasted by many Trump-branded towers.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Notes on Trumpspace takes this discursive trend as a point of departure. It examines not only key examples of “Trumpitecture” but also works of film, fiction, and contemporary art that center on or otherwise illuminate the psychogeography of “super luxury” real estate. Engaging closely with current political debates, the book takes a critical approach to mainstream liberal reactions to the Trump presidency. It argues that the fascination and horror Trump has provoked is owing in part to the way he lays bare the obsession with status, self-branding, and achievement-at-any-cost that has been part and parcel of the broader neoliberal ethos. Finally, it analyzes the January 6, 2021 storming of the US Capitol through the lens of spatio-political theorizations of settler colonial power and conceptions of home and homeland.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;A genre-defying work of political and aesthetic inquiry, Notes on Trumpspace offers a sustained investigation into the relationship between the built environment, late capitalist fantasy, and national identity. It asks what it means for current and future understandings of home and dwelling that this era’s most notorious peddler of high-end real estate succeeded in peddling his way into the White House in 2016.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In  the  spring  of  2013,  we  were  invited  to  propose  a  possible  session  for  the  Shakespeare  Association  of  America  meeting  in  St.  Louis  for  2014.  The  SAA  is  an  organization  that,  in  addition  to  running  paper  panels at its annul conference, offers participants the opportunity to share work-in-progress  through  themed  seminars.  The  two  of  us  had  been  in  conversation  for  some  time  about  nonhumans,  things,  animal,  vegetable,  and  mineral,  medieval  and  renaissance,  about  questions  of  ecology,  and  how  to  craft  nontraditional  conversation  and  thinking  spaces  in  which  something  unanticipated  might  unfold.  We  decided  to  collaborate  to  build  a  gathering  that  would  bring  together  these  interests,  objects,  and  possibilities  for  eventuation.  The  title  of  the  seminar  we  proposed  was  “Object-Oriented  Environs  in  Early  Modern  England,”  which  took  its  cue  from  the  philosophical  movement  called  Object-Oriented  Ontology  (frequently  abbreviated  to  OOO)  in  the  hope  of  provoking  a  conversation  about  how  early  modernists,  or  humanists  in  general,  parse  the  question  of matter, of things. We called the collocation OOE @ SAA.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In  the  spring  of  2013,  we  were  invited  to  propose  a  possible  session  for  the  Shakespeare  Association  of  America  meeting  in  St.  Louis  for  2014.  The  SAA  is  an  organization  that,  in  addition  to  running  paper  panels at its annul conference, offers participants the opportunity to share work-in-progress  through  themed  seminars.  The  two  of  us  had  been  in  conversation  for  some  time  about  nonhumans,  things,  animal,  vegetable,  and  mineral,  medieval  and  renaissance,  about  questions  of  ecology,  and  how  to  craft  nontraditional  conversation  and  thinking  spaces  in  which  something  unanticipated  might  unfold.  We  decided  to  collaborate  to  build  a  gathering  that  would  bring  together  these  interests,  objects,  and  possibilities  for  eventuation.  The  title  of  the  seminar  we  proposed  was  “Object-Oriented  Environs  in  Early  Modern  England,”  which  took  its  cue  from  the  philosophical  movement  called  Object-Oriented  Ontology  (frequently  abbreviated  to  OOO)  in  the  hope  of  provoking  a  conversation  about  how  early  modernists,  or  humanists  in  general,  parse  the  question  of matter, of things. We called the collocation OOE @ SAA.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;On  the  corner  of  my  office  laptop  perches  a  small  shrubbery  made  from  extruded  plastic:  LEGO  greenery,  fashioned  into  a  wedge  of  landscape to obscure the tiny LEGOTARDIS resting over the power button. My young son has been here. He clearly meant for his ersatz foliage to cover up the time machine, but it  actually  calls  attention  to  it.  It  signals  that  something  must  be  hiding  there, something we are meant to find. “Look, look!” say the bushes, “but pretend  you  aren’t  looking.”  Real  flora  can  function  similarly,  as  when  leaves in a bouquet direct our eyes away from unsightly stems and toward colorful  blooms.  But  curious  pedestrians  also  peer  through  hedges  at  the  houses  behind  them.  Does  a  bush  conceal,  then,  or  only  pretend  to  conceal? Is a bush an actant or an alibi, like the pasties on Barthes’ strip-pers,  the  conceit  of  privacy  serving  only  to  heighten  the  eroticism  of  the  hidden?1  Perhaps  we  can’t  even  speak  of  “a  bush”  but  rather  “bushes.” Bushes  are  messy,  insistently  plural;  yet  they  can  be  tended  and  tamed  into the very embodiments of b / order, separation, and singularity. Shake-spea re’s Venus  and  Adonis  bears  witness  to  the  multivalence  of  bushes,  suggesting that they contain all of these possibilities — and more — within their interlace.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;On  the  corner  of  my  office  laptop  perches  a  small  shrubbery  made  from  extruded  plastic:  LEGO  greenery,  fashioned  into  a  wedge  of  landscape to obscure the tiny LEGOTARDIS resting over the power button. My young son has been here. He clearly meant for his ersatz foliage to cover up the time machine, but it  actually  calls  attention  to  it.  It  signals  that  something  must  be  hiding  there, something we are meant to find. “Look, look!” say the bushes, “but pretend  you  aren’t  looking.”  Real  flora  can  function  similarly,  as  when  leaves in a bouquet direct our eyes away from unsightly stems and toward colorful  blooms.  But  curious  pedestrians  also  peer  through  hedges  at  the  houses  behind  them.  Does  a  bush  conceal,  then,  or  only  pretend  to  conceal? Is a bush an actant or an alibi, like the pasties on Barthes’ strip-pers,  the  conceit  of  privacy  serving  only  to  heighten  the  eroticism  of  the  hidden?1  Perhaps  we  can’t  even  speak  of  “a  bush”  but  rather  “bushes.” Bushes  are  messy,  insistently  plural;  yet  they  can  be  tended  and  tamed  into the very embodiments of b / order, separation, and singularity. Shake-spea re’s Venus  and  Adonis  bears  witness  to  the  multivalence  of  bushes,  suggesting that they contain all of these possibilities — and more — within their interlace.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <PersonName>Angello, Lizz</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Cordelia's Corpse</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Dead as Earth</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Sallie Anglin</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>Pennsylvania State University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;King  Lear  and  video  games  have  something  in  common.  In  most  massively  multiplayer  online  role  playing  games  (MMORPGs)  a  player’s  character  dies,  but  it  isn’t  permanent.  For  a  moment  after  death,  a  player  stares  into  her  computer  screen  at  her  own  corpse,  her  removed  first-per-son  perspective  hovering  over  it,  still  attached  to  but  disembodied  from  the  avatar  that  allows  her  to  experience  the  virtual  space  of  the  game.  In  this moment, the player knows she is dependent on that object, the body/corpse, that she has been forcibly separated from. The corpse’s existence is no longer fully dependent on the player. In this moment, the video game player  who  is  housed  in  the  avatar,  in  the  player  character,  becomes  an  audience  to  her  own  corpse.  She’s  watching  the  story  of  flesh  in  digital  form.  The  unreal  creates  an  actual  agential  demise  of  the  player,  at  least  momentarily.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;King  Lear  and  video  games  have  something  in  common.  In  most  massively  multiplayer  online  role  playing  games  (MMORPGs)  a  player’s  character  dies,  but  it  isn’t  permanent.  For  a  moment  after  death,  a  player  stares  into  her  computer  screen  at  her  own  corpse,  her  removed  first-per-son  perspective  hovering  over  it,  still  attached  to  but  disembodied  from  the  avatar  that  allows  her  to  experience  the  virtual  space  of  the  game.  In  this moment, the player knows she is dependent on that object, the body/corpse, that she has been forcibly separated from. The corpse’s existence is no longer fully dependent on the player. In this moment, the video game player  who  is  housed  in  the  avatar,  in  the  player  character,  becomes  an  audience  to  her  own  corpse.  She’s  watching  the  story  of  flesh  in  digital  form.  The  unreal  creates  an  actual  agential  demise  of  the  player,  at  least  momentarily.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <PersonName>Anglin, Sallie</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Thinking with Hives</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Keith M. Botelho</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>Kennesaw State University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In The  Tudor  House  and  Garden,  Paula  Henderson  notes  that  apiaries,  “although  at  best  only  architecture  in  miniature . . .were  vital,  if  not particularly conspicuous, elements of most gardens.”1 The eight major bee  treatises  published  in  England  between  1593–1679,  as  well  as  many  gardening  manuals  from  the  same  period,  devote  space  to  the  construc-tion, preservation, and placement of beehives in and around gardens. We see in Thomas Hill’s The Gardener’s Labyrinth a woodcut of a garden, gar-deners, and water pump in action, and in the upper right corner we notice two  skep  beehives  (See  Figure  1,  next  page).  These  skeps,  basket  hives  made in England from coils of wheat or rye straw, have a single entrance at  the  base  with  no  internal  structure  provided  for  the  bees—removing  the  honey  often  meant  the  risk  of  destroying  the  entire  hive.2  The  hives  are  stationary,  fixed  objects  that  are  part  of  a  larger  network  that  pro-duced a working garden landscape. Yet they are also lively, embodied, full of activity (as seen with the bees flying about).&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In The  Tudor  House  and  Garden,  Paula  Henderson  notes  that  apiaries,  “although  at  best  only  architecture  in  miniature . . .were  vital,  if  not particularly conspicuous, elements of most gardens.”1 The eight major bee  treatises  published  in  England  between  1593–1679,  as  well  as  many  gardening  manuals  from  the  same  period,  devote  space  to  the  construc-tion, preservation, and placement of beehives in and around gardens. We see in Thomas Hill’s The Gardener’s Labyrinth a woodcut of a garden, gar-deners, and water pump in action, and in the upper right corner we notice two  skep  beehives  (See  Figure  1,  next  page).  These  skeps,  basket  hives  made in England from coils of wheat or rye straw, have a single entrance at  the  base  with  no  internal  structure  provided  for  the  bees—removing  the  honey  often  meant  the  risk  of  destroying  the  entire  hive.2  The  hives  are  stationary,  fixed  objects  that  are  part  of  a  larger  network  that  pro-duced a working garden landscape. Yet they are also lively, embodied, full of activity (as seen with the bees flying about).&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Botelho, Keith M.</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Gloucester's Chair</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Object Entanglements on the Early Modern Stage</Subtitle>
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          <ContributorRole>A01</ContributorRole>
          <PersonName>Patricia A. Cahill</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Patricia A.</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Cahill</KeyNames>
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              <AffiliationIDType>40</AffiliationIDType>
              <IDValue>03czfpz43</IDValue>
            </AffiliationIdentifier>
            <Affiliation>Emory University</Affiliation>
          </ProfessionalAffiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In   Geffrey   Whitney’s   A   Choice   of   emblems   (1586),a   woodcut   entitled  “Dolor  è  medicina”  depictsa  “Purblinde  dame”  confronting  a  devious  physician  who  during  his  regular  visits  to  her  home  has  been  making  off  with  her  belongings.1  (See  Figure  1,  next  page.)  As  the  accom-panying  short  verse  details,  the  woman  discovers  the  theft  precisely  as  the  physician  requests  payment  for  having  restored  her  sight.  Turning  the  tables  on  him,  she  wittily  responds  to  his  demand  by  protesting  that  she remains impaired: “Bycause my sences either faile, or ells my eies bee blinde./For,  where  my  house  before  was  garnish’d  everie  nooke:/I,  nowe  can  see  no  goodes  at  all,  though  rounde  about  I  looke.”  While  the  wood-cut  captures  this  moment  in  which  the  duplicitous  doctor  is  stopped  in  his  tracks  on  the  way  out  the  door,  Whitney’s  verse  about  the  woman’s  failing  vision  produces  a  blind  spot  for  his  readers.  Accordingly,  early  modern readers, prompted to see a house “un-garnished” of its goods may well have overlooked the one good remaining in place: the gracious, high-backed wooden chair in which the woman sits and surveys her otherwise empty  domestic  space.  This  “mistake”  could  arise  not  because  chairs  were  so  plentiful  as  to  be  invisible — in  fact,  a  typical  middling-level  Eng-lish  household  likely  contained  only  one  or  two  chairs,  usually  made  of  oak,  relying  primarily  on  less  costly  benches,  stools,  and  chests  for  seat-ing — but  rather  because  Whitney’s  verse,  with  its  emphasis  on  disposses-sion, invites readers to view the chair as something other than a “goode.”2Divested  of  its  status  as  a  commodity,  the  chair  exists  primarily  as  the  familiar and unobtrusive ally of the bereft woman. It exists, we might say, as her environment.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In   Geffrey   Whitney’s   A   Choice   of   emblems   (1586),a   woodcut   entitled  “Dolor  è  medicina”  depictsa  “Purblinde  dame”  confronting  a  devious  physician  who  during  his  regular  visits  to  her  home  has  been  making  off  with  her  belongings.1  (See  Figure  1,  next  page.)  As  the  accom-panying  short  verse  details,  the  woman  discovers  the  theft  precisely  as  the  physician  requests  payment  for  having  restored  her  sight.  Turning  the  tables  on  him,  she  wittily  responds  to  his  demand  by  protesting  that  she remains impaired: “Bycause my sences either faile, or ells my eies bee blinde./For,  where  my  house  before  was  garnish’d  everie  nooke:/I,  nowe  can  see  no  goodes  at  all,  though  rounde  about  I  looke.”  While  the  wood-cut  captures  this  moment  in  which  the  duplicitous  doctor  is  stopped  in  his  tracks  on  the  way  out  the  door,  Whitney’s  verse  about  the  woman’s  failing  vision  produces  a  blind  spot  for  his  readers.  Accordingly,  early  modern readers, prompted to see a house “un-garnished” of its goods may well have overlooked the one good remaining in place: the gracious, high-backed wooden chair in which the woman sits and surveys her otherwise empty  domestic  space.  This  “mistake”  could  arise  not  because  chairs  were  so  plentiful  as  to  be  invisible — in  fact,  a  typical  middling-level  Eng-lish  household  likely  contained  only  one  or  two  chairs,  usually  made  of  oak,  relying  primarily  on  less  costly  benches,  stools,  and  chests  for  seat-ing — but  rather  because  Whitney’s  verse,  with  its  emphasis  on  disposses-sion, invites readers to view the chair as something other than a “goode.”2Divested  of  its  status  as  a  commodity,  the  chair  exists  primarily  as  the  familiar and unobtrusive ally of the bereft woman. It exists, we might say, as her environment.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Cahill, Patricia A.</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Much Ado about Planking</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Christine Hoffmann</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>West Virginia University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In   2011,   something   called   “planking”   briefly   took   over   the   Internet  (Figures  1  and  2).  Before  declining  in  popularity,  this  global  meme  would  provoke  arrests  in  Wisconsin,  inspire  legislation  in  the  Philippines,  stir  accusations  of  racism  on  Twitter,  and  kill  a  man  in  Aus-tralia. Know  Your  Meme  helpfully  defines  planking  as  “lying  face  down  with arms to the sides in unusual public spaces.”1 The site’s image gallery includes people planking on desks, chairs, escalators, phone booths, goal-posts,  even  the  back  of  a  whale.  For  me,  the  photos  bring  new  meaning  to  Benedick’s  complaint,  in  Much  Ado  about  Nothing,  that  he  has  been  “misused”  by  Beatrice  “past  the  endurance  of  a  block”;  he  likely  means  the  chopping  block— the  solid  piece  of  wood  “used  for  various  opera-tions,” according to the OED, such as chopping meat, cutting firewood, or beheading  the  condemned — an  object  with  a  notably  high  tolerance  for  use and abuse.2 Benedick identifies here as a thing, but even more impor-tantly, as a thing among other things — “an oak but with one green leaf on it would have answer’d her. My very visor began to assume life, and scold with  her” — each  pushed  past  its  limit,  compelled  into  intimate  exchange  with Beatrice and with each other.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In   2011,   something   called   “planking”   briefly   took   over   the   Internet  (Figures  1  and  2).  Before  declining  in  popularity,  this  global  meme  would  provoke  arrests  in  Wisconsin,  inspire  legislation  in  the  Philippines,  stir  accusations  of  racism  on  Twitter,  and  kill  a  man  in  Aus-tralia. Know  Your  Meme  helpfully  defines  planking  as  “lying  face  down  with arms to the sides in unusual public spaces.”1 The site’s image gallery includes people planking on desks, chairs, escalators, phone booths, goal-posts,  even  the  back  of  a  whale.  For  me,  the  photos  bring  new  meaning  to  Benedick’s  complaint,  in  Much  Ado  about  Nothing,  that  he  has  been  “misused”  by  Beatrice  “past  the  endurance  of  a  block”;  he  likely  means  the  chopping  block— the  solid  piece  of  wood  “used  for  various  opera-tions,” according to the OED, such as chopping meat, cutting firewood, or beheading  the  condemned — an  object  with  a  notably  high  tolerance  for  use and abuse.2 Benedick identifies here as a thing, but even more impor-tantly, as a thing among other things — “an oak but with one green leaf on it would have answer’d her. My very visor began to assume life, and scold with  her” — each  pushed  past  its  limit,  compelled  into  intimate  exchange  with Beatrice and with each other.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <PersonName>Hoffmann, Christine</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Warm Bodies in Plague and Shakespeare's "Womb of Death"</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Neal Robert Klomp</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Neal Robert</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Klomp</KeyNames>
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              <IDValue>05hs6h993</IDValue>
            </AffiliationIdentifier>
            <Affiliation>Michigan State University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This  humanoid  stick  figure  in  profile  (see  figure  1,  next  page)is  the  image  used  for  Wikipedia’s  entry  “Plague  (disease).”2  The  uncanny  resemblance  to  a  human  highlights  the  zombie-like  objectness  of  the  microbe:  it  is  alive,  like  a  human,  but  it  is  also  essentially  an  immobile  object;  its  movements  are  as  imperceptibly  microscopic  as  it  is.  Further,  plague seems to cross the territory between life and death: it returns after years,  even  centuries,  of  dormancy—seemingly  absent  after  the  eighth  century Justinian y.  pestis outbreak only to remerge with even more viru-lence in the fourteenth century as the Black Death. Its very nature seems to  invite  us  to  think  of  plague  as  both  alive  and  dead;  incapable  of  chas-ing  its  prey,  plague  spreads  and  kills  with  terrifying  efficiency  whenever  it  rises  from  its  own  grave-like  dormancy.  This  slightly  altered  image  of  Figure   1   neatly   conjoins   the   plague   object  with  the  human,  and  together  they  engender  an  environs  populated  by  the  living  humans,  the  still-living  soon to be “corpse” of the infected, and the  ever  growing  population  of  dead  objects.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This  humanoid  stick  figure  in  profile  (see  figure  1,  next  page)is  the  image  used  for  Wikipedia’s  entry  “Plague  (disease).”2  The  uncanny  resemblance  to  a  human  highlights  the  zombie-like  objectness  of  the  microbe:  it  is  alive,  like  a  human,  but  it  is  also  essentially  an  immobile  object;  its  movements  are  as  imperceptibly  microscopic  as  it  is.  Further,  plague seems to cross the territory between life and death: it returns after years,  even  centuries,  of  dormancy—seemingly  absent  after  the  eighth  century Justinian y.  pestis outbreak only to remerge with even more viru-lence in the fourteenth century as the Black Death. Its very nature seems to  invite  us  to  think  of  plague  as  both  alive  and  dead;  incapable  of  chas-ing  its  prey,  plague  spreads  and  kills  with  terrifying  efficiency  whenever  it  rises  from  its  own  grave-like  dormancy.  This  slightly  altered  image  of  Figure   1   neatly   conjoins   the   plague   object  with  the  human,  and  together  they  engender  an  environs  populated  by  the  living  humans,  the  still-living  soon to be “corpse” of the infected, and the  ever  growing  population  of  dead  objects.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <PersonName>Klomp, Neal Robert</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">The Biology of Rain</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Becoming a Distant Master in Early Modern England</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Tara E. Pedersen</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>University of Wisconsin–Parkside</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In  Act  3  of  Shakespeare’s  Richard II,  Henry  Bolingbroke  requests  the  restoration  of  his  family’s  lands  while  painting  a  picture  of  the  ecol-ogy  of  war.  Henry  claims  that  if  his  inheritance  is  not  restored  he  will  “use the advantage of [his] power/And lay the summer’s dust with showers of blood/Rain’d from the wounds of slaughter’d Englishmen” (3.3.42–44).1In  other  words,  Henry  argues  that  if  he  is  refused  the  territories  that  he  believes  are  rightfully  his,  he  will  drench  the  lands  with  the  blood  of  a  people  whom  he  also  claims  are  his  own.  As  he  makes  this  statement,  Henry  lays  out  a  chain  of  cause  and  effect  in  which  he  becomes  the  pri-mary human agent and interpretive consciousness that orders the climate of  the  surrounding  countryside.  Objects  (be  they  land,  elements,  or  citi-zens) exist in order to be possessed and acted upon by him, and ultimately the  picture  his  words  paint  makes  a  case  for  how  the  listener/viewer  is  supposed  to  see  the  landowner  as  well  as  the  earth  and  the  English  citi-zen’s relationship to it. Henry suggests that the landscape, and the organ-isms within it, are ordered and sustained at his will.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In  Act  3  of  Shakespeare’s  Richard II,  Henry  Bolingbroke  requests  the  restoration  of  his  family’s  lands  while  painting  a  picture  of  the  ecol-ogy  of  war.  Henry  claims  that  if  his  inheritance  is  not  restored  he  will  “use the advantage of [his] power/And lay the summer’s dust with showers of blood/Rain’d from the wounds of slaughter’d Englishmen” (3.3.42–44).1In  other  words,  Henry  argues  that  if  he  is  refused  the  territories  that  he  believes  are  rightfully  his,  he  will  drench  the  lands  with  the  blood  of  a  people  whom  he  also  claims  are  his  own.  As  he  makes  this  statement,  Henry  lays  out  a  chain  of  cause  and  effect  in  which  he  becomes  the  pri-mary human agent and interpretive consciousness that orders the climate of  the  surrounding  countryside.  Objects  (be  they  land,  elements,  or  citi-zens) exist in order to be possessed and acted upon by him, and ultimately the  picture  his  words  paint  makes  a  case  for  how  the  listener/viewer  is  supposed  to  see  the  landowner  as  well  as  the  earth  and  the  English  citi-zen’s relationship to it. Henry suggests that the landscape, and the organ-isms within it, are ordered and sustained at his will.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Pedersen, Tara E.</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Shoes Talk and Shoe Silence</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Tripthi Pillai</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Tripthi</NamesBeforeKey>
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              <AffiliationIDType>40</AffiliationIDType>
              <IDValue>01621q256</IDValue>
            </AffiliationIdentifier>
            <Affiliation>Coastal Carolina University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Like  the  gait  of  one  unfamiliar  with  walking  in  stiletto  heels,  the  two  parts  of  this  essay  move,  at  times  arhythmically,  between  explo-rations  of  objects  in  environments.  Part  one  embeds  the  shoe  in  human-centric  environments  as  an  instrument  that’s  used  as  much  to  displace  particular autopoietic systems as it is to display others.1 Part two embeds the  human  in  ontic  environs,2  in  the  triangulation  of  semantic  disclo-sure,  withdrawal,  and  density  in  the  shoe-dog-human  network  in  act  2,  scene  3,  of  William  Shakespeare’s  The Two Gentlemen of Verona.  My  pur-pose  is  to  apply  the  language  and  architecture  of  speculative  realism  to  consider  both  the  gaps  in  knowledge  and  the  interplay  of  objects  as  yet  underexplored  in  historicist  critical  engagement.  The  strategic  ahistori-cism  employed  by  OOO  I  adopt  here  enables  me  to  wander  and  “wonder  unburdened”  among  objects  and  environments  in  a  manner  that  is,3  not  unlike  the  precariousness  of  some  shoes,  at  once  alluring  and  promiscu-ous in its embrace of instability.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Like  the  gait  of  one  unfamiliar  with  walking  in  stiletto  heels,  the  two  parts  of  this  essay  move,  at  times  arhythmically,  between  explo-rations  of  objects  in  environments.  Part  one  embeds  the  shoe  in  human-centric  environments  as  an  instrument  that’s  used  as  much  to  displace  particular autopoietic systems as it is to display others.1 Part two embeds the  human  in  ontic  environs,2  in  the  triangulation  of  semantic  disclo-sure,  withdrawal,  and  density  in  the  shoe-dog-human  network  in  act  2,  scene  3,  of  William  Shakespeare’s  The Two Gentlemen of Verona.  My  pur-pose  is  to  apply  the  language  and  architecture  of  speculative  realism  to  consider  both  the  gaps  in  knowledge  and  the  interplay  of  objects  as  yet  underexplored  in  historicist  critical  engagement.  The  strategic  ahistori-cism  employed  by  OOO  I  adopt  here  enables  me  to  wander  and  “wonder  unburdened”  among  objects  and  environments  in  a  manner  that  is,3  not  unlike  the  precariousness  of  some  shoes,  at  once  alluring  and  promiscu-ous in its embrace of instability.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Pillai, Tripthi</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Performing Meat</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Karen Raber</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Karen</NamesBeforeKey>
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              <AffiliationIDType>40</AffiliationIDType>
              <IDValue>02teq1165</IDValue>
            </AffiliationIdentifier>
            <Affiliation>University of Mississippi</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;John  Wecker’s  Secrets  of  Nature  offers  a  recipe  for  roasting  a  goose alive. Advising the application of a ring of fire to some “lively Crea-ture,”  the  recipe  includes  pots  of  water  to  slake  the  dying  goose’s  thirst,  while it “fl[ies] here and there” within the fire-ring.2 The cook should baste the goose’s head and heart so that “her inward parts” will roast before she dies:  “when  you  see  her  giddy  with  running,  and  begin  to  stumble,  her  heart  wants  moisture:  she  is  Rosted,  take  her  up,  and  set  her  upon  the  Table  to  your  guests,  and  as  you  cut  her  up  she  will  cry  continually,  that  she  will  be  almost  all  eaten  before  she  be  dead.”3  Recipes  like  this  one  have  attracted  only  a  limited  range  of  scholarly  analysis:  Wecker’s  recipe  appears, for instance, in the introduction to Patricia Fumerton and Simon Hunt’s  collection  Renaissance  Culture  and  the  Everyday,  where  it  serves  as a reminder of the casual cruelty of Renaissance practices that estrange everyday early modern culture for a generation of historicist critics. Culinary historians might situate the recipe as an example of the new interest in  food’s  aesthetic  complexity  during  the  Renaissance.  To  animal  lovers  and  vegetarians,  the  recipe  would  speak  for  itself,  highlighting  the  intol-erable  suffering  of  living  creatures  rendered  as  mere  meat  for  the  table:  animal studies scholars like Simon Estok and Erica Fudge have discussed early  modern  resistance  to,  and  rare  embrace  of,  vegetarianism  based  on  the  dehumanizing  influence  of  meat-eating  exemplified  by  cases  of  ani-mal torture like that in Wecker’s recipe.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;John  Wecker’s  Secrets  of  Nature  offers  a  recipe  for  roasting  a  goose alive. Advising the application of a ring of fire to some “lively Crea-ture,”  the  recipe  includes  pots  of  water  to  slake  the  dying  goose’s  thirst,  while it “fl[ies] here and there” within the fire-ring.2 The cook should baste the goose’s head and heart so that “her inward parts” will roast before she dies:  “when  you  see  her  giddy  with  running,  and  begin  to  stumble,  her  heart  wants  moisture:  she  is  Rosted,  take  her  up,  and  set  her  upon  the  Table  to  your  guests,  and  as  you  cut  her  up  she  will  cry  continually,  that  she  will  be  almost  all  eaten  before  she  be  dead.”3  Recipes  like  this  one  have  attracted  only  a  limited  range  of  scholarly  analysis:  Wecker’s  recipe  appears, for instance, in the introduction to Patricia Fumerton and Simon Hunt’s  collection  Renaissance  Culture  and  the  Everyday,  where  it  serves  as a reminder of the casual cruelty of Renaissance practices that estrange everyday early modern culture for a generation of historicist critics. Culinary historians might situate the recipe as an example of the new interest in  food’s  aesthetic  complexity  during  the  Renaissance.  To  animal  lovers  and  vegetarians,  the  recipe  would  speak  for  itself,  highlighting  the  intol-erable  suffering  of  living  creatures  rendered  as  mere  meat  for  the  table:  animal studies scholars like Simon Estok and Erica Fudge have discussed early  modern  resistance  to,  and  rare  embrace  of,  vegetarianism  based  on  the  dehumanizing  influence  of  meat-eating  exemplified  by  cases  of  ani-mal torture like that in Wecker’s recipe.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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          <CopyrightOwner>
            <PersonName>Raber, Karen</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Eye and Book</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Species and Spectacle</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Pauline Reid</PersonName>
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            <AffiliationIdentifier>
              <AffiliationIDType>40</AffiliationIDType>
              <IDValue>04w7skc03</IDValue>
            </AffiliationIdentifier>
            <Affiliation>University of Denver</Affiliation>
          </ProfessionalAffiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;My things, the eye and the book, uneasily transgress the boundary between  objects  and  media.  Following  Bruno  Latour’s  call  to  investigate  the  ways  objects  “block,  render  possible,”  or  “forbid”  rather  than  merely  structure our experiences, this essay explores how visual perception com-plicated  early  modern  encounters  with  the  book  as  object.1  I  situate  the  relation between eye and book within a historically specific early modern material and intellectual environment. Material things shape, to cite gra-ham  Harman,  how  we  perceive  perception.  Even  so,  our  cultural  models  of  perception  necessarily  color  how  we  approach  these  things.  A  focus  on  objects’  environs  implies  an  ecological,  networked  reading  of  objects  and,  I  would  argue,  a  historical  one.  Historical  phenomenology  can  link  objects  with  their  temporal  as  well  as  spatial  environs.  Rather  than  fol-lowing  Husserl  and  Heidegger’s  model  of  a  transcendent  human  con-sciousness  that  intentionally  “brackets”  off  the  object  from  its  environs,  I  here  adopt  phenomenology  as  a  method  for  discovering  co-habitations  and  disturbances  between  body  and  object.  Traditional  phenomenology  often  removes  perception  from  a  historical  and  spatial  index  in  order  to  determine first principles. Instead, as I will explore with the eye, the body manifested  as  part  of  a  network  of  objects  that  continuously  patterned  and altered perception in early modern thought. This characterization of the human body and its parts as objects as well as perceptual media draws in  part  from  Rosalyn  Diprose’s  claim  that  phenomenology  acts  as  an  “interworld” between the human body and the external object,2 as well as from  Sarah  Ahmed’s  claim  that  objects  and  spaces  “impress”  themselves  on the body to the point where they become a “second skin.”3 Perception is  here  not  transcendent,  but  physically  situated;  the  percipient-object  relationship is not static, but mutually dynamic.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;My things, the eye and the book, uneasily transgress the boundary between  objects  and  media.  Following  Bruno  Latour’s  call  to  investigate  the  ways  objects  “block,  render  possible,”  or  “forbid”  rather  than  merely  structure our experiences, this essay explores how visual perception com-plicated  early  modern  encounters  with  the  book  as  object.1  I  situate  the  relation between eye and book within a historically specific early modern material and intellectual environment. Material things shape, to cite gra-ham  Harman,  how  we  perceive  perception.  Even  so,  our  cultural  models  of  perception  necessarily  color  how  we  approach  these  things.  A  focus  on  objects’  environs  implies  an  ecological,  networked  reading  of  objects  and,  I  would  argue,  a  historical  one.  Historical  phenomenology  can  link  objects  with  their  temporal  as  well  as  spatial  environs.  Rather  than  fol-lowing  Husserl  and  Heidegger’s  model  of  a  transcendent  human  con-sciousness  that  intentionally  “brackets”  off  the  object  from  its  environs,  I  here  adopt  phenomenology  as  a  method  for  discovering  co-habitations  and  disturbances  between  body  and  object.  Traditional  phenomenology  often  removes  perception  from  a  historical  and  spatial  index  in  order  to  determine first principles. Instead, as I will explore with the eye, the body manifested  as  part  of  a  network  of  objects  that  continuously  patterned  and altered perception in early modern thought. This characterization of the human body and its parts as objects as well as perceptual media draws in  part  from  Rosalyn  Diprose’s  claim  that  phenomenology  acts  as  an  “interworld” between the human body and the external object,2 as well as from  Sarah  Ahmed’s  claim  that  objects  and  spaces  “impress”  themselves  on the body to the point where they become a “second skin.”3 Perception is  here  not  transcendent,  but  physically  situated;  the  percipient-object  relationship is not static, but mutually dynamic.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <PersonName>Reid, Pauline</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">The Book/Body in The Duchess of Malfi</TitleText>
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          <ContributorRole>A01</ContributorRole>
          <PersonName>Emily Rendek</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Emily</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Rendek</KeyNames>
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              <AffiliationIDType>40</AffiliationIDType>
              <IDValue>02b6qw903</IDValue>
            </AffiliationIdentifier>
            <Affiliation>University of South Carolina</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;For  Helen  Smith,  in  “Embodying  Early  Modern  Women’s  Reading,”  “the  text  enacts  a  physiological  change”  on  the  reader.1  In  this  essay,  I  should  like  to  revise  this  statement  to  suggest  that  this  “change”  is  actu-ally  an  exchange between  text  and  body.  The  marginalia  left  behind  by  early  modern  readers  are  visible  traces  of  their  bodily  imprints  upon  the  text  and  suggest  that  by  their  reading,  the  text  becomes  an  extension  of  the  reader’s  body.  Such  exchanges  need  not  be  limited  only  to  such  vis-ible  marks.  Recent  scholarship  has  begun  to  study  the  often  slightly  less  visible  marks  left  behind  by  book  users;  Katherine  Rudy’s  work  employs  the use of a densitometer to examine these marks, which include oils from fingerprints,  food  stains,  tears,  and  even  blood  stains  that  help  to  create  a better idea of what parts of a text a reader read and how often that text was  read.2  It  is  not  just  that  “[t]he  process  of  accessing  the  text  was  a  cor-poreal one . . . impressing key content on the reader’s memory,” but that the text  itself  also  becomes  embodied,  taking  on  features  of  its  reader.3  Te x t   and  reader  exchange  properties.  To  say  only  that  “[r]eaders’  bodies  were  molded  and  altered  by  the  texts  they  read”  is  to  ignore  the  other  side  of  the  equation.4  The  reader  is  not  only  imprinted  by  the  text  but  imprints  the  text  itself  (both  literally  and  figuratively).  The  relationship  between  book  and  reader  proves  symbiotic,  an  example  of  facultative  mutualism  (where  two  entities  are  interdependent  but  not  completely  dependent  upon  each  other),  something,  as  I  shall  show,  is  illustrated  perfectly  in  the figures of the Cardinal and his Bible in John Webster’s The Duchess of Malfi.  The  Cardinal’s  overpowering,  poisonous  character — he  would  be  “able to possess the greatest devil, and make him worse”5— is both altered by  his  (mis)reading  of  the  Bible  and  other  religious  texts  (see  5.5.1–10),  as  well  as  being  able  to  infect  the  book  itself,  allowing  it  to  literally  become  poisonous, thereby killing Julia. In the play, the use of the book as murder weapon  demonstrates  how  the  boundary  between  book  and  body  (of  the  reader)  become  blurred  as  both  the  permeability  of  the  page  and  of  the  body is emphasized throughout the play.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;For  Helen  Smith,  in  “Embodying  Early  Modern  Women’s  Reading,”  “the  text  enacts  a  physiological  change”  on  the  reader.1  In  this  essay,  I  should  like  to  revise  this  statement  to  suggest  that  this  “change”  is  actu-ally  an  exchange between  text  and  body.  The  marginalia  left  behind  by  early  modern  readers  are  visible  traces  of  their  bodily  imprints  upon  the  text  and  suggest  that  by  their  reading,  the  text  becomes  an  extension  of  the  reader’s  body.  Such  exchanges  need  not  be  limited  only  to  such  vis-ible  marks.  Recent  scholarship  has  begun  to  study  the  often  slightly  less  visible  marks  left  behind  by  book  users;  Katherine  Rudy’s  work  employs  the use of a densitometer to examine these marks, which include oils from fingerprints,  food  stains,  tears,  and  even  blood  stains  that  help  to  create  a better idea of what parts of a text a reader read and how often that text was  read.2  It  is  not  just  that  “[t]he  process  of  accessing  the  text  was  a  cor-poreal one . . . impressing key content on the reader’s memory,” but that the text  itself  also  becomes  embodied,  taking  on  features  of  its  reader.3  Te x t   and  reader  exchange  properties.  To  say  only  that  “[r]eaders’  bodies  were  molded  and  altered  by  the  texts  they  read”  is  to  ignore  the  other  side  of  the  equation.4  The  reader  is  not  only  imprinted  by  the  text  but  imprints  the  text  itself  (both  literally  and  figuratively).  The  relationship  between  book  and  reader  proves  symbiotic,  an  example  of  facultative  mutualism  (where  two  entities  are  interdependent  but  not  completely  dependent  upon  each  other),  something,  as  I  shall  show,  is  illustrated  perfectly  in  the figures of the Cardinal and his Bible in John Webster’s The Duchess of Malfi.  The  Cardinal’s  overpowering,  poisonous  character — he  would  be  “able to possess the greatest devil, and make him worse”5— is both altered by  his  (mis)reading  of  the  Bible  and  other  religious  texts  (see  5.5.1–10),  as  well  as  being  able  to  infect  the  book  itself,  allowing  it  to  literally  become  poisonous, thereby killing Julia. In the play, the use of the book as murder weapon  demonstrates  how  the  boundary  between  book  and  body  (of  the  reader)  become  blurred  as  both  the  permeability  of  the  page  and  of  the  body is emphasized throughout the play.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Rendek, Emily</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Crutches and Cripistemology in The Fair Maid of the Exchange</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Lindsey Row-Heyveld</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>Luther College</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The  Cripple,  the  central  character  of  the  anonymous  1607  city  comedy The  Fair  Maid  of  the  Exchange,  describes  the  onset  of  his  dis-ability  as  “the  visitation  of  my  legges,  and  my  expence  in  timber.”1  His  statement  frames  this  experience  in  both  enlivened  and  economic  terms.  “Visitation,”  defined  as  affliction  with  illness  or  trouble,  was  usually  accompanied  by  the  subject  performing  that  action,  for  instance,  “the  visitation  of  the  Lord”  or  “the  visitation  of  death.”2  In  this  case,  how-ever,  his  phrase  suggests  that  the  legs  themselves  enacted  the  visitation.  “Expence  in  timber”  describes  his  adoption  of  crutches  as  an  investment  in the high-stakes early modern timber market.3 The Cripple’s merging of agential  objects  and  commercial  objects  exemplifies  a  union  that  occurs  throughout  the  play.  In  exploring  the  liveliness  of  things  in  the  commer-cial  environment  of  the  play,  I  suggest  that  this  text  carefully  attends  to  their  vitality,  while  the  play’s  characters  are  primarily  attentive  only  to  their  financial  power.  The  exception  is  the  Cripple,  who  seems  occa-sionally  capable  of  seeing  both  their  value  and  vitality.  Considering  how  and why he possesses such a capability illuminates the ethical limits and potential  of  object-oriented  theory,  specifically  as  it  relates  to  prosthesis  and disability.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The  Cripple,  the  central  character  of  the  anonymous  1607  city  comedy The  Fair  Maid  of  the  Exchange,  describes  the  onset  of  his  dis-ability  as  “the  visitation  of  my  legges,  and  my  expence  in  timber.”1  His  statement  frames  this  experience  in  both  enlivened  and  economic  terms.  “Visitation,”  defined  as  affliction  with  illness  or  trouble,  was  usually  accompanied  by  the  subject  performing  that  action,  for  instance,  “the  visitation  of  the  Lord”  or  “the  visitation  of  death.”2  In  this  case,  how-ever,  his  phrase  suggests  that  the  legs  themselves  enacted  the  visitation.  “Expence  in  timber”  describes  his  adoption  of  crutches  as  an  investment  in the high-stakes early modern timber market.3 The Cripple’s merging of agential  objects  and  commercial  objects  exemplifies  a  union  that  occurs  throughout  the  play.  In  exploring  the  liveliness  of  things  in  the  commer-cial  environment  of  the  play,  I  suggest  that  this  text  carefully  attends  to  their  vitality,  while  the  play’s  characters  are  primarily  attentive  only  to  their  financial  power.  The  exception  is  the  Cripple,  who  seems  occa-sionally  capable  of  seeing  both  their  value  and  vitality.  Considering  how  and why he possesses such a capability illuminates the ethical limits and potential  of  object-oriented  theory,  specifically  as  it  relates  to  prosthesis  and disability.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Row-Heyveld, Lindsey</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Imagining Early Modern Wish-Lists and Their Environs</TitleText>
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          <ContributorRole>A01</ContributorRole>
          <PersonName>Debapriya Sarkar</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Debapriya</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Sarkar</KeyNames>
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              <IDValue>00yghrj63</IDValue>
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            <Affiliation>Hendrix College</Affiliation>
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          <ProfessionalAffiliation>
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              <IDValue>02der9h97</IDValue>
            </AffiliationIdentifier>
            <Affiliation>University of Connecticut</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;What was an early modern wish-list? Was it an object of inquiry, an  instrument  of  the  imagination,  or  one  of  cognition?  Why  did  these  catalogues  (incomplete  in  form,  and  projective  by  nature)  fascinate  early  modern  writers?  I  begin  with  these  questions  to  explore  the  status  of  the  wish-list  as  a  “thing”  that  enabled  thinkers  to  curate  new  ways  of  inter-acting  with  their  environs,  both  real  and  imagined.1  Wish-lists  became  instruments through which writers attempted to make intelligible a world that was fundamentally in flux, one in which new geographies were being discovered  through  travels  and  a  new  cosmology  was  displacing  both  earth  and  man  from  the  center  of  the  universe.  In  this  environment  of  uncertainty, the wish-list propelled naturalists and travelers to search for non-existent objects and propose new epistemological systems.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;What was an early modern wish-list? Was it an object of inquiry, an  instrument  of  the  imagination,  or  one  of  cognition?  Why  did  these  catalogues  (incomplete  in  form,  and  projective  by  nature)  fascinate  early  modern  writers?  I  begin  with  these  questions  to  explore  the  status  of  the  wish-list  as  a  “thing”  that  enabled  thinkers  to  curate  new  ways  of  inter-acting  with  their  environs,  both  real  and  imagined.1  Wish-lists  became  instruments through which writers attempted to make intelligible a world that was fundamentally in flux, one in which new geographies were being discovered  through  travels  and  a  new  cosmology  was  displacing  both  earth  and  man  from  the  center  of  the  universe.  In  this  environment  of  uncertainty, the wish-list propelled naturalists and travelers to search for non-existent objects and propose new epistemological systems.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Sarkar, Debapriya</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Emulsifying Greasy Desire in Shakespeare and John Taylor the Water Poet</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Rob Wakeman</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>University of Maryland</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;A  table,  a  bed,  or  a  body  enclosed  in  clean  linen  is  sheltered  from  the  world.  Smocks,  shirts,  stockings,  table  cloths,  and  bed  sheets  demarcate   the   discrete   boundaries   that   separate   clean   objects   from   unclean   environments.   The   smell   of   freshly   laundered   linen   is   an   announcement:  “This  area  has  been  decontaminated.  It  has  been  puri-fied of promiscuous pollutions.” But grease has a way of seeping through these  borders.  Fats  and  oils  indiscriminately  and  wantonly  dribble  from  the  body’s  pores.  They  ooze  forth  from  cookware  and  flatware,  sticking  to  and  staining  skin,  hair,  and  cloth.  In  his  ribald  poem,  “The  Praise  of  Cleane Linnen,” John Taylor the Water Poet (1578–1653) gives an example of how grease debases a white handkerchief&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;A  table,  a  bed,  or  a  body  enclosed  in  clean  linen  is  sheltered  from  the  world.  Smocks,  shirts,  stockings,  table  cloths,  and  bed  sheets  demarcate   the   discrete   boundaries   that   separate   clean   objects   from   unclean   environments.   The   smell   of   freshly   laundered   linen   is   an   announcement:  “This  area  has  been  decontaminated.  It  has  been  puri-fied of promiscuous pollutions.” But grease has a way of seeping through these  borders.  Fats  and  oils  indiscriminately  and  wantonly  dribble  from  the  body’s  pores.  They  ooze  forth  from  cookware  and  flatware,  sticking  to  and  staining  skin,  hair,  and  cloth.  In  his  ribald  poem,  “The  Praise  of  Cleane Linnen,” John Taylor the Water Poet (1578–1653) gives an example of how grease debases a white handkerchief&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Wakeman, Rob</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Lavinia is Philomel</TitleText>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In   what   way   might   a   poem   or   a   narrative   serve   not   as   a   representation  but  instead  as  a  nonhuman  agent?  From  one  perspective,  Shakespeare’s Titus  Andronicus  seems  like  an  extended  meditation  on  this  problem:  Ovid’s  story  of  Philomel’s  rape  “tampers  directly  with  cau-sality”  in  Shakespeare’s  play.1  Philomel  appears  first  when  the  villainous  Aaron comments, before the rape of Lavinia, “This is the day of doom for Bassianus,/His  Philomel  must  lose  her  tongue  today”  (2.2.42–43).2  After  the  rape  and  mutilation,  Lavinia  is  frequently  on  stage,  the  mute  object  towards  which  many  of  her  male  relatives  direct  their  speech:  Marcus  posits that this is the work of “some Tereus” (2.4.26), or a “craftier Tereus” (46). And Lavinia finally seems to make herself legible only when she gets hold  of  her  nephew’s  copy  of  Ovid’s  Metamorphoses and  “quotes”  (4.1.50)  its  leaves.  Ovid’s  story  takes  humans  as  a  kind  of  “activation  device,”  as  Eileen  Joy  puts  it.3  It  seems  to  preserve  a  self-replicating  power  and  a  cer-tain  degree  of  organizational  closure  even  as  it  takes  its  violent  effects  in  the world of the play.4 What kind of agency is this, exactly?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In   what   way   might   a   poem   or   a   narrative   serve   not   as   a   representation  but  instead  as  a  nonhuman  agent?  From  one  perspective,  Shakespeare’s Titus  Andronicus  seems  like  an  extended  meditation  on  this  problem:  Ovid’s  story  of  Philomel’s  rape  “tampers  directly  with  cau-sality”  in  Shakespeare’s  play.1  Philomel  appears  first  when  the  villainous  Aaron comments, before the rape of Lavinia, “This is the day of doom for Bassianus,/His  Philomel  must  lose  her  tongue  today”  (2.2.42–43).2  After  the  rape  and  mutilation,  Lavinia  is  frequently  on  stage,  the  mute  object  towards  which  many  of  her  male  relatives  direct  their  speech:  Marcus  posits that this is the work of “some Tereus” (2.4.26), or a “craftier Tereus” (46). And Lavinia finally seems to make herself legible only when she gets hold  of  her  nephew’s  copy  of  Ovid’s  Metamorphoses and  “quotes”  (4.1.50)  its  leaves.  Ovid’s  story  takes  humans  as  a  kind  of  “activation  device,”  as  Eileen  Joy  puts  it.3  It  seems  to  preserve  a  self-replicating  power  and  a  cer-tain  degree  of  organizational  closure  even  as  it  takes  its  violent  effects  in  the world of the play.4 What kind of agency is this, exactly?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">The Fate of the Second Bird</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Luke Wilson</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;An aspergillum sometimes looks something like this: And sometimes something like this: Here is one being used by a ram in a  late  thirteenth-century  book  of  hours: Mostly,  though,  the  aspergillum  was  used  by  Catholic  priests  to  sprinkle  holy  water  on  the  congregation.  After  the  use  of  holy  water  was  written  out  of  the  English  liturgy  in  the  1549  Prayer  Book,  the  aspergillum  (or  “holy water sprinkle,” as it was more commonly called) didn’t get used so much, in England, at least not as an element in the official liturgy.1 But it was  still  good  for  a  few  laughs,  as  in  the  following  jest  from  the  popular  joke book, Nugae venales (1642):Mulier Hugenota &amp;amp; Papistica quaenam?Hugenota est, quae omni tempore desiderat carnem; papistica quae saepe voluit &amp;amp; tractat aspergillum. [Which  is  a  Huguenot  woman,  and  which  a  Papist?  A  Huguenot  woman  is  one  who  at  all  times  longs  for  meat;  a  papist  woman  is  one who often craves, and handles, the aspergillum.]&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;An aspergillum sometimes looks something like this: And sometimes something like this: Here is one being used by a ram in a  late  thirteenth-century  book  of  hours: Mostly,  though,  the  aspergillum  was  used  by  Catholic  priests  to  sprinkle  holy  water  on  the  congregation.  After  the  use  of  holy  water  was  written  out  of  the  English  liturgy  in  the  1549  Prayer  Book,  the  aspergillum  (or  “holy water sprinkle,” as it was more commonly called) didn’t get used so much, in England, at least not as an element in the official liturgy.1 But it was  still  good  for  a  few  laughs,  as  in  the  following  jest  from  the  popular  joke book, Nugae venales (1642):Mulier Hugenota &amp;amp; Papistica quaenam?Hugenota est, quae omni tempore desiderat carnem; papistica quae saepe voluit &amp;amp; tractat aspergillum. [Which  is  a  Huguenot  woman,  and  which  a  Papist?  A  Huguenot  woman  is  one  who  at  all  times  longs  for  meat;  a  papist  woman  is  one who often craves, and handles, the aspergillum.]&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;It  started  out  with  an  exemplary  pedagogical  exercise:  “show  and tell.” As a way to commence our seminar, we were all asked to bring objects  to  the  SAA  seminar  room.  Those  writing  essays  were  put  to  the  challenge  of  somehow  bringing  their  chosen  object  into  the  conference  room,  a  task  which  proved  quite  simple  for  those  who  had  selected  tiny  and compact objects and rather daunting, or loosely followed, in the case of  those  hunting  larger,  more  elusive,  legally  touchy,  or  medically  toxic  objects. For the respondents, the task was far more open-ended: we could bring  any  object  we  wanted  that  might  exemplify  our  own  response  to  the  open  rubric  of  “objects  and  environs,”  itself  an  already  capacious  formulation.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;It  started  out  with  an  exemplary  pedagogical  exercise:  “show  and tell.” As a way to commence our seminar, we were all asked to bring objects  to  the  SAA  seminar  room.  Those  writing  essays  were  put  to  the  challenge  of  somehow  bringing  their  chosen  object  into  the  conference  room,  a  task  which  proved  quite  simple  for  those  who  had  selected  tiny  and compact objects and rather daunting, or loosely followed, in the case of  those  hunting  larger,  more  elusive,  legally  touchy,  or  medically  toxic  objects. For the respondents, the task was far more open-ended: we could bring  any  object  we  wanted  that  might  exemplify  our  own  response  to  the  open  rubric  of  “objects  and  environs,”  itself  an  already  capacious  formulation.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">OOO + HHH = Zany, Interesting, and Cute</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Julia Reinhard Lupton</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;My first venture with Punctum Books and the dynamic circle of scholars  associated  with  it  began  in  March  2011,  at  the  conference  on  “Animal, Vegetable, Mineral: Ethics and Objects in the Early Modern and Medieval  Periods”  hosted  at  george  Washington  university.  The  con-ference  led  to  a  volume  of  the  same  name,  and  my  article  “The  Renais-sance Res Publica of Furniture,” remains one of my favorite pieces, in part because  of  the  company  it  keeps  with  such  an  innovative  group  of  col-laborators. I am thrilled to rejoin the conversation in this volume, which brings  together  some  of  the  same  authors  with  other  scholars  investigat-ing Shakespearean thing worlds. My  response  scans  these  papers  through  the  scrim  of  two  triads  of  terms:  the  aesthetic  categories  zany,  interesting,  and  cute,  as  established  for  our  time  by  Sianne  Ngai;  and  the  methodological  categories  of  his-toricism, humanism,  and  hermeneutics.  At  stake  in  the  relation  between  OOO and HHH are the vectors of usage and forms of significance that bind objects  to  worlds,  to  actions,  and  to  language,  and  the  extent  to  which  Shakespearean  drama  and  its  criticism  accommodates,  exhibits,  and  reflects upon the traffic patterns that constitute the real and theatrical life of persons and things.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;My first venture with Punctum Books and the dynamic circle of scholars  associated  with  it  began  in  March  2011,  at  the  conference  on  “Animal, Vegetable, Mineral: Ethics and Objects in the Early Modern and Medieval  Periods”  hosted  at  george  Washington  university.  The  con-ference  led  to  a  volume  of  the  same  name,  and  my  article  “The  Renais-sance Res Publica of Furniture,” remains one of my favorite pieces, in part because  of  the  company  it  keeps  with  such  an  innovative  group  of  col-laborators. I am thrilled to rejoin the conversation in this volume, which brings  together  some  of  the  same  authors  with  other  scholars  investigat-ing Shakespearean thing worlds. My  response  scans  these  papers  through  the  scrim  of  two  triads  of  terms:  the  aesthetic  categories  zany,  interesting,  and  cute,  as  established  for  our  time  by  Sianne  Ngai;  and  the  methodological  categories  of  his-toricism, humanism,  and  hermeneutics.  At  stake  in  the  relation  between  OOO and HHH are the vectors of usage and forms of significance that bind objects  to  worlds,  to  actions,  and  to  language,  and  the  extent  to  which  Shakespearean  drama  and  its  criticism  accommodates,  exhibits,  and  reflects upon the traffic patterns that constitute the real and theatrical life of persons and things.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Remembering Premodern Environs</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Vin Nardizzi</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In  the  early  1990s,  activist  and  poet  Wendell  Berry  character-ized the popular use of the term “environment” as “utterly preposterous.” The word, he says, “means that which surrounds, or encircles us; it means a world separate from ourselves, outside ourselves.” In outlining how the “real  state  of  things,”  which  “is  far  more  complex  and  intimate  and  inter-esting”  than  an  anthropocentric  term  like  “environment”  allows,  Berry  generates a list: “The real names of the environment,” he itemizes, “are the names  of  rivers  and  river  valleys;  creeks,  ridges,  and  mountains;  towns  and  cities;  lakes,  woodland,  lanes,  roads,  creatures,  and  people.”1  Nearly  contemporaneously,  the  philosopher  Michel  Serres  also  exhorted  us  to  “forget  the  word  environment.”  “If  the  soiled”  and  endangered  “world”  is  what we mean when we employ the term, then we have it all wrong, Serres says:  this  use  of  the  term  “assumes  that  we  humans  are  at  the  center  of  a  system  of  nature.”  He  instead  proposes  that  “we . . . place  things  in  the  center  and  us  at  the  periphery,  or  better  still,  things  all  around  and  us  within them like parasites.”2 Like Timothy Morton’s “Nature” (with a cap-ital  “N”),  “environment,”  Berry  and  Serres  indicate,  seems  to  be  “getting  in  the  way”  of  environmental  work  and  theory.3  We  would  do  well,  then,  to unlearn the term.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In  the  early  1990s,  activist  and  poet  Wendell  Berry  character-ized the popular use of the term “environment” as “utterly preposterous.” The word, he says, “means that which surrounds, or encircles us; it means a world separate from ourselves, outside ourselves.” In outlining how the “real  state  of  things,”  which  “is  far  more  complex  and  intimate  and  inter-esting”  than  an  anthropocentric  term  like  “environment”  allows,  Berry  generates a list: “The real names of the environment,” he itemizes, “are the names  of  rivers  and  river  valleys;  creeks,  ridges,  and  mountains;  towns  and  cities;  lakes,  woodland,  lanes,  roads,  creatures,  and  people.”1  Nearly  contemporaneously,  the  philosopher  Michel  Serres  also  exhorted  us  to  “forget  the  word  environment.”  “If  the  soiled”  and  endangered  “world”  is  what we mean when we employ the term, then we have it all wrong, Serres says:  this  use  of  the  term  “assumes  that  we  humans  are  at  the  center  of  a  system  of  nature.”  He  instead  proposes  that  “we . . . place  things  in  the  center  and  us  at  the  periphery,  or  better  still,  things  all  around  and  us  within them like parasites.”2 Like Timothy Morton’s “Nature” (with a cap-ital  “N”),  “environment,”  Berry  and  Serres  indicate,  seems  to  be  “getting  in  the  way”  of  environmental  work  and  theory.3  We  would  do  well,  then,  to unlearn the term.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Backmatter</TitleText>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Venus's Bush(es)</TitleText>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;On  the  corner  of  my  office  laptop  perches  a  small  shrubbery  made  from  extruded  plastic:  LEGO  greenery,  fashioned  into  a  wedge  of  landscape to obscure the tiny LEGOTARDIS resting over the power button. My young son has been here. He clearly meant for his ersatz foliage to cover up the time machine, but it  actually  calls  attention  to  it.  It  signals  that  something  must  be  hiding  there, something we are meant to find. “Look, look!” say the bushes, “but pretend  you  aren’t  looking.”  Real  flora  can  function  similarly,  as  when  leaves in a bouquet direct our eyes away from unsightly stems and toward colorful  blooms.  But  curious  pedestrians  also  peer  through  hedges  at  the  houses  behind  them.  Does  a  bush  conceal,  then,  or  only  pretend  to  conceal? Is a bush an actant or an alibi, like the pasties on Barthes’ strip-pers,  the  conceit  of  privacy  serving  only  to  heighten  the  eroticism  of  the  hidden?1  Perhaps  we  can’t  even  speak  of  “a  bush”  but  rather  “bushes.” Bushes  are  messy,  insistently  plural;  yet  they  can  be  tended  and  tamed  into the very embodiments of b / order, separation, and singularity. Shake-spea re’s Venus  and  Adonis  bears  witness  to  the  multivalence  of  bushes,  suggesting that they contain all of these possibilities — and more — within their interlace.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;On  the  corner  of  my  office  laptop  perches  a  small  shrubbery  made  from  extruded  plastic:  LEGO  greenery,  fashioned  into  a  wedge  of  landscape to obscure the tiny LEGOTARDIS resting over the power button. My young son has been here. He clearly meant for his ersatz foliage to cover up the time machine, but it  actually  calls  attention  to  it.  It  signals  that  something  must  be  hiding  there, something we are meant to find. “Look, look!” say the bushes, “but pretend  you  aren’t  looking.”  Real  flora  can  function  similarly,  as  when  leaves in a bouquet direct our eyes away from unsightly stems and toward colorful  blooms.  But  curious  pedestrians  also  peer  through  hedges  at  the  houses  behind  them.  Does  a  bush  conceal,  then,  or  only  pretend  to  conceal? Is a bush an actant or an alibi, like the pasties on Barthes’ strip-pers,  the  conceit  of  privacy  serving  only  to  heighten  the  eroticism  of  the  hidden?1  Perhaps  we  can’t  even  speak  of  “a  bush”  but  rather  “bushes.” Bushes  are  messy,  insistently  plural;  yet  they  can  be  tended  and  tamed  into the very embodiments of b / order, separation, and singularity. Shake-spea re’s Venus  and  Adonis  bears  witness  to  the  multivalence  of  bushes,  suggesting that they contain all of these possibilities — and more — within their interlace.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <PersonName>Angello, Lizz</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Cordelia's Corpse</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Dead as Earth</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Sallie Anglin</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>Pennsylvania State University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;King  Lear  and  video  games  have  something  in  common.  In  most  massively  multiplayer  online  role  playing  games  (MMORPGs)  a  player’s  character  dies,  but  it  isn’t  permanent.  For  a  moment  after  death,  a  player  stares  into  her  computer  screen  at  her  own  corpse,  her  removed  first-per-son  perspective  hovering  over  it,  still  attached  to  but  disembodied  from  the  avatar  that  allows  her  to  experience  the  virtual  space  of  the  game.  In  this moment, the player knows she is dependent on that object, the body/corpse, that she has been forcibly separated from. The corpse’s existence is no longer fully dependent on the player. In this moment, the video game player  who  is  housed  in  the  avatar,  in  the  player  character,  becomes  an  audience  to  her  own  corpse.  She’s  watching  the  story  of  flesh  in  digital  form.  The  unreal  creates  an  actual  agential  demise  of  the  player,  at  least  momentarily.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;King  Lear  and  video  games  have  something  in  common.  In  most  massively  multiplayer  online  role  playing  games  (MMORPGs)  a  player’s  character  dies,  but  it  isn’t  permanent.  For  a  moment  after  death,  a  player  stares  into  her  computer  screen  at  her  own  corpse,  her  removed  first-per-son  perspective  hovering  over  it,  still  attached  to  but  disembodied  from  the  avatar  that  allows  her  to  experience  the  virtual  space  of  the  game.  In  this moment, the player knows she is dependent on that object, the body/corpse, that she has been forcibly separated from. The corpse’s existence is no longer fully dependent on the player. In this moment, the video game player  who  is  housed  in  the  avatar,  in  the  player  character,  becomes  an  audience  to  her  own  corpse.  She’s  watching  the  story  of  flesh  in  digital  form.  The  unreal  creates  an  actual  agential  demise  of  the  player,  at  least  momentarily.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Anglin, Sallie</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Thinking with Hives</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Keith M. Botelho</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>Kennesaw State University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In The  Tudor  House  and  Garden,  Paula  Henderson  notes  that  apiaries,  “although  at  best  only  architecture  in  miniature . . .were  vital,  if  not particularly conspicuous, elements of most gardens.”1 The eight major bee  treatises  published  in  England  between  1593–1679,  as  well  as  many  gardening  manuals  from  the  same  period,  devote  space  to  the  construc-tion, preservation, and placement of beehives in and around gardens. We see in Thomas Hill’s The Gardener’s Labyrinth a woodcut of a garden, gar-deners, and water pump in action, and in the upper right corner we notice two  skep  beehives  (See  Figure  1,  next  page).  These  skeps,  basket  hives  made in England from coils of wheat or rye straw, have a single entrance at  the  base  with  no  internal  structure  provided  for  the  bees—removing  the  honey  often  meant  the  risk  of  destroying  the  entire  hive.2  The  hives  are  stationary,  fixed  objects  that  are  part  of  a  larger  network  that  pro-duced a working garden landscape. Yet they are also lively, embodied, full of activity (as seen with the bees flying about).&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In The  Tudor  House  and  Garden,  Paula  Henderson  notes  that  apiaries,  “although  at  best  only  architecture  in  miniature . . .were  vital,  if  not particularly conspicuous, elements of most gardens.”1 The eight major bee  treatises  published  in  England  between  1593–1679,  as  well  as  many  gardening  manuals  from  the  same  period,  devote  space  to  the  construc-tion, preservation, and placement of beehives in and around gardens. We see in Thomas Hill’s The Gardener’s Labyrinth a woodcut of a garden, gar-deners, and water pump in action, and in the upper right corner we notice two  skep  beehives  (See  Figure  1,  next  page).  These  skeps,  basket  hives  made in England from coils of wheat or rye straw, have a single entrance at  the  base  with  no  internal  structure  provided  for  the  bees—removing  the  honey  often  meant  the  risk  of  destroying  the  entire  hive.2  The  hives  are  stationary,  fixed  objects  that  are  part  of  a  larger  network  that  pro-duced a working garden landscape. Yet they are also lively, embodied, full of activity (as seen with the bees flying about).&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Botelho, Keith M.</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Gloucester's Chair</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Object Entanglements on the Early Modern Stage</Subtitle>
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          <ContributorRole>A01</ContributorRole>
          <PersonName>Patricia A. Cahill</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Patricia A.</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Cahill</KeyNames>
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              <IDValue>03czfpz43</IDValue>
            </AffiliationIdentifier>
            <Affiliation>Emory University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In   Geffrey   Whitney’s   A   Choice   of   emblems   (1586),a   woodcut   entitled  “Dolor  è  medicina”  depictsa  “Purblinde  dame”  confronting  a  devious  physician  who  during  his  regular  visits  to  her  home  has  been  making  off  with  her  belongings.1  (See  Figure  1,  next  page.)  As  the  accom-panying  short  verse  details,  the  woman  discovers  the  theft  precisely  as  the  physician  requests  payment  for  having  restored  her  sight.  Turning  the  tables  on  him,  she  wittily  responds  to  his  demand  by  protesting  that  she remains impaired: “Bycause my sences either faile, or ells my eies bee blinde./For,  where  my  house  before  was  garnish’d  everie  nooke:/I,  nowe  can  see  no  goodes  at  all,  though  rounde  about  I  looke.”  While  the  wood-cut  captures  this  moment  in  which  the  duplicitous  doctor  is  stopped  in  his  tracks  on  the  way  out  the  door,  Whitney’s  verse  about  the  woman’s  failing  vision  produces  a  blind  spot  for  his  readers.  Accordingly,  early  modern readers, prompted to see a house “un-garnished” of its goods may well have overlooked the one good remaining in place: the gracious, high-backed wooden chair in which the woman sits and surveys her otherwise empty  domestic  space.  This  “mistake”  could  arise  not  because  chairs  were  so  plentiful  as  to  be  invisible — in  fact,  a  typical  middling-level  Eng-lish  household  likely  contained  only  one  or  two  chairs,  usually  made  of  oak,  relying  primarily  on  less  costly  benches,  stools,  and  chests  for  seat-ing — but  rather  because  Whitney’s  verse,  with  its  emphasis  on  disposses-sion, invites readers to view the chair as something other than a “goode.”2Divested  of  its  status  as  a  commodity,  the  chair  exists  primarily  as  the  familiar and unobtrusive ally of the bereft woman. It exists, we might say, as her environment.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In   Geffrey   Whitney’s   A   Choice   of   emblems   (1586),a   woodcut   entitled  “Dolor  è  medicina”  depictsa  “Purblinde  dame”  confronting  a  devious  physician  who  during  his  regular  visits  to  her  home  has  been  making  off  with  her  belongings.1  (See  Figure  1,  next  page.)  As  the  accom-panying  short  verse  details,  the  woman  discovers  the  theft  precisely  as  the  physician  requests  payment  for  having  restored  her  sight.  Turning  the  tables  on  him,  she  wittily  responds  to  his  demand  by  protesting  that  she remains impaired: “Bycause my sences either faile, or ells my eies bee blinde./For,  where  my  house  before  was  garnish’d  everie  nooke:/I,  nowe  can  see  no  goodes  at  all,  though  rounde  about  I  looke.”  While  the  wood-cut  captures  this  moment  in  which  the  duplicitous  doctor  is  stopped  in  his  tracks  on  the  way  out  the  door,  Whitney’s  verse  about  the  woman’s  failing  vision  produces  a  blind  spot  for  his  readers.  Accordingly,  early  modern readers, prompted to see a house “un-garnished” of its goods may well have overlooked the one good remaining in place: the gracious, high-backed wooden chair in which the woman sits and surveys her otherwise empty  domestic  space.  This  “mistake”  could  arise  not  because  chairs  were  so  plentiful  as  to  be  invisible — in  fact,  a  typical  middling-level  Eng-lish  household  likely  contained  only  one  or  two  chairs,  usually  made  of  oak,  relying  primarily  on  less  costly  benches,  stools,  and  chests  for  seat-ing — but  rather  because  Whitney’s  verse,  with  its  emphasis  on  disposses-sion, invites readers to view the chair as something other than a “goode.”2Divested  of  its  status  as  a  commodity,  the  chair  exists  primarily  as  the  familiar and unobtrusive ally of the bereft woman. It exists, we might say, as her environment.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <PersonName>Cahill, Patricia A.</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Much Ado about Planking</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Christine Hoffmann</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>West Virginia University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In   2011,   something   called   “planking”   briefly   took   over   the   Internet  (Figures  1  and  2).  Before  declining  in  popularity,  this  global  meme  would  provoke  arrests  in  Wisconsin,  inspire  legislation  in  the  Philippines,  stir  accusations  of  racism  on  Twitter,  and  kill  a  man  in  Aus-tralia. Know  Your  Meme  helpfully  defines  planking  as  “lying  face  down  with arms to the sides in unusual public spaces.”1 The site’s image gallery includes people planking on desks, chairs, escalators, phone booths, goal-posts,  even  the  back  of  a  whale.  For  me,  the  photos  bring  new  meaning  to  Benedick’s  complaint,  in  Much  Ado  about  Nothing,  that  he  has  been  “misused”  by  Beatrice  “past  the  endurance  of  a  block”;  he  likely  means  the  chopping  block— the  solid  piece  of  wood  “used  for  various  opera-tions,” according to the OED, such as chopping meat, cutting firewood, or beheading  the  condemned — an  object  with  a  notably  high  tolerance  for  use and abuse.2 Benedick identifies here as a thing, but even more impor-tantly, as a thing among other things — “an oak but with one green leaf on it would have answer’d her. My very visor began to assume life, and scold with  her” — each  pushed  past  its  limit,  compelled  into  intimate  exchange  with Beatrice and with each other.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In   2011,   something   called   “planking”   briefly   took   over   the   Internet  (Figures  1  and  2).  Before  declining  in  popularity,  this  global  meme  would  provoke  arrests  in  Wisconsin,  inspire  legislation  in  the  Philippines,  stir  accusations  of  racism  on  Twitter,  and  kill  a  man  in  Aus-tralia. Know  Your  Meme  helpfully  defines  planking  as  “lying  face  down  with arms to the sides in unusual public spaces.”1 The site’s image gallery includes people planking on desks, chairs, escalators, phone booths, goal-posts,  even  the  back  of  a  whale.  For  me,  the  photos  bring  new  meaning  to  Benedick’s  complaint,  in  Much  Ado  about  Nothing,  that  he  has  been  “misused”  by  Beatrice  “past  the  endurance  of  a  block”;  he  likely  means  the  chopping  block— the  solid  piece  of  wood  “used  for  various  opera-tions,” according to the OED, such as chopping meat, cutting firewood, or beheading  the  condemned — an  object  with  a  notably  high  tolerance  for  use and abuse.2 Benedick identifies here as a thing, but even more impor-tantly, as a thing among other things — “an oak but with one green leaf on it would have answer’d her. My very visor began to assume life, and scold with  her” — each  pushed  past  its  limit,  compelled  into  intimate  exchange  with Beatrice and with each other.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <PersonName>Hoffmann, Christine</PersonName>
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            <IDValue>10.21983/P3.0130.1.08</IDValue>
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        <NumberOfPages>10</NumberOfPages>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Warm Bodies in Plague and Shakespeare's "Womb of Death"</TitleText>
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          <ContributorRole>A01</ContributorRole>
          <PersonName>Neal Robert Klomp</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Neal Robert</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Klomp</KeyNames>
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              <AffiliationIDType>40</AffiliationIDType>
              <IDValue>05hs6h993</IDValue>
            </AffiliationIdentifier>
            <Affiliation>Michigan State University</Affiliation>
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          <LanguageCode>eng</LanguageCode>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This  humanoid  stick  figure  in  profile  (see  figure  1,  next  page)is  the  image  used  for  Wikipedia’s  entry  “Plague  (disease).”2  The  uncanny  resemblance  to  a  human  highlights  the  zombie-like  objectness  of  the  microbe:  it  is  alive,  like  a  human,  but  it  is  also  essentially  an  immobile  object;  its  movements  are  as  imperceptibly  microscopic  as  it  is.  Further,  plague seems to cross the territory between life and death: it returns after years,  even  centuries,  of  dormancy—seemingly  absent  after  the  eighth  century Justinian y.  pestis outbreak only to remerge with even more viru-lence in the fourteenth century as the Black Death. Its very nature seems to  invite  us  to  think  of  plague  as  both  alive  and  dead;  incapable  of  chas-ing  its  prey,  plague  spreads  and  kills  with  terrifying  efficiency  whenever  it  rises  from  its  own  grave-like  dormancy.  This  slightly  altered  image  of  Figure   1   neatly   conjoins   the   plague   object  with  the  human,  and  together  they  engender  an  environs  populated  by  the  living  humans,  the  still-living  soon to be “corpse” of the infected, and the  ever  growing  population  of  dead  objects.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This  humanoid  stick  figure  in  profile  (see  figure  1,  next  page)is  the  image  used  for  Wikipedia’s  entry  “Plague  (disease).”2  The  uncanny  resemblance  to  a  human  highlights  the  zombie-like  objectness  of  the  microbe:  it  is  alive,  like  a  human,  but  it  is  also  essentially  an  immobile  object;  its  movements  are  as  imperceptibly  microscopic  as  it  is.  Further,  plague seems to cross the territory between life and death: it returns after years,  even  centuries,  of  dormancy—seemingly  absent  after  the  eighth  century Justinian y.  pestis outbreak only to remerge with even more viru-lence in the fourteenth century as the Black Death. Its very nature seems to  invite  us  to  think  of  plague  as  both  alive  and  dead;  incapable  of  chas-ing  its  prey,  plague  spreads  and  kills  with  terrifying  efficiency  whenever  it  rises  from  its  own  grave-like  dormancy.  This  slightly  altered  image  of  Figure   1   neatly   conjoins   the   plague   object  with  the  human,  and  together  they  engender  an  environs  populated  by  the  living  humans,  the  still-living  soon to be “corpse” of the infected, and the  ever  growing  population  of  dead  objects.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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          <CopyrightOwner>
            <PersonName>Klomp, Neal Robert</PersonName>
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            <IDValue>10.21983/P3.0130.1.09</IDValue>
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            <TitleText language="eng">The Biology of Rain</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Becoming a Distant Master in Early Modern England</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Tara E. Pedersen</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Tara E.</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Pedersen</KeyNames>
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              <AffiliationIDType>40</AffiliationIDType>
              <IDValue>05s9f4d27</IDValue>
            </AffiliationIdentifier>
            <Affiliation>University of Wisconsin–Parkside</Affiliation>
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          <LanguageCode>eng</LanguageCode>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In  Act  3  of  Shakespeare’s  Richard II,  Henry  Bolingbroke  requests  the  restoration  of  his  family’s  lands  while  painting  a  picture  of  the  ecol-ogy  of  war.  Henry  claims  that  if  his  inheritance  is  not  restored  he  will  “use the advantage of [his] power/And lay the summer’s dust with showers of blood/Rain’d from the wounds of slaughter’d Englishmen” (3.3.42–44).1In  other  words,  Henry  argues  that  if  he  is  refused  the  territories  that  he  believes  are  rightfully  his,  he  will  drench  the  lands  with  the  blood  of  a  people  whom  he  also  claims  are  his  own.  As  he  makes  this  statement,  Henry  lays  out  a  chain  of  cause  and  effect  in  which  he  becomes  the  pri-mary human agent and interpretive consciousness that orders the climate of  the  surrounding  countryside.  Objects  (be  they  land,  elements,  or  citi-zens) exist in order to be possessed and acted upon by him, and ultimately the  picture  his  words  paint  makes  a  case  for  how  the  listener/viewer  is  supposed  to  see  the  landowner  as  well  as  the  earth  and  the  English  citi-zen’s relationship to it. Henry suggests that the landscape, and the organ-isms within it, are ordered and sustained at his will.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In  Act  3  of  Shakespeare’s  Richard II,  Henry  Bolingbroke  requests  the  restoration  of  his  family’s  lands  while  painting  a  picture  of  the  ecol-ogy  of  war.  Henry  claims  that  if  his  inheritance  is  not  restored  he  will  “use the advantage of [his] power/And lay the summer’s dust with showers of blood/Rain’d from the wounds of slaughter’d Englishmen” (3.3.42–44).1In  other  words,  Henry  argues  that  if  he  is  refused  the  territories  that  he  believes  are  rightfully  his,  he  will  drench  the  lands  with  the  blood  of  a  people  whom  he  also  claims  are  his  own.  As  he  makes  this  statement,  Henry  lays  out  a  chain  of  cause  and  effect  in  which  he  becomes  the  pri-mary human agent and interpretive consciousness that orders the climate of  the  surrounding  countryside.  Objects  (be  they  land,  elements,  or  citi-zens) exist in order to be possessed and acted upon by him, and ultimately the  picture  his  words  paint  makes  a  case  for  how  the  listener/viewer  is  supposed  to  see  the  landowner  as  well  as  the  earth  and  the  English  citi-zen’s relationship to it. Henry suggests that the landscape, and the organ-isms within it, are ordered and sustained at his will.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <ContentAudience>00</ContentAudience>
          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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          <CopyrightOwner>
            <PersonName>Pedersen, Tara E.</PersonName>
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          <FirstPageNumber>65</FirstPageNumber>
          <LastPageNumber>80</LastPageNumber>
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        <NumberOfPages>16</NumberOfPages>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Shoes Talk and Shoe Silence</TitleText>
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          <ContributorRole>A01</ContributorRole>
          <PersonName>Tripthi Pillai</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Tripthi</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Pillai</KeyNames>
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            <AffiliationIdentifier>
              <AffiliationIDType>40</AffiliationIDType>
              <IDValue>01621q256</IDValue>
            </AffiliationIdentifier>
            <Affiliation>Coastal Carolina University</Affiliation>
          </ProfessionalAffiliation>
        </Contributor>
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          <LanguageCode>eng</LanguageCode>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Like  the  gait  of  one  unfamiliar  with  walking  in  stiletto  heels,  the  two  parts  of  this  essay  move,  at  times  arhythmically,  between  explo-rations  of  objects  in  environments.  Part  one  embeds  the  shoe  in  human-centric  environments  as  an  instrument  that’s  used  as  much  to  displace  particular autopoietic systems as it is to display others.1 Part two embeds the  human  in  ontic  environs,2  in  the  triangulation  of  semantic  disclo-sure,  withdrawal,  and  density  in  the  shoe-dog-human  network  in  act  2,  scene  3,  of  William  Shakespeare’s  The Two Gentlemen of Verona.  My  pur-pose  is  to  apply  the  language  and  architecture  of  speculative  realism  to  consider  both  the  gaps  in  knowledge  and  the  interplay  of  objects  as  yet  underexplored  in  historicist  critical  engagement.  The  strategic  ahistori-cism  employed  by  OOO  I  adopt  here  enables  me  to  wander  and  “wonder  unburdened”  among  objects  and  environments  in  a  manner  that  is,3  not  unlike  the  precariousness  of  some  shoes,  at  once  alluring  and  promiscu-ous in its embrace of instability.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Like  the  gait  of  one  unfamiliar  with  walking  in  stiletto  heels,  the  two  parts  of  this  essay  move,  at  times  arhythmically,  between  explo-rations  of  objects  in  environments.  Part  one  embeds  the  shoe  in  human-centric  environments  as  an  instrument  that’s  used  as  much  to  displace  particular autopoietic systems as it is to display others.1 Part two embeds the  human  in  ontic  environs,2  in  the  triangulation  of  semantic  disclo-sure,  withdrawal,  and  density  in  the  shoe-dog-human  network  in  act  2,  scene  3,  of  William  Shakespeare’s  The Two Gentlemen of Verona.  My  pur-pose  is  to  apply  the  language  and  architecture  of  speculative  realism  to  consider  both  the  gaps  in  knowledge  and  the  interplay  of  objects  as  yet  underexplored  in  historicist  critical  engagement.  The  strategic  ahistori-cism  employed  by  OOO  I  adopt  here  enables  me  to  wander  and  “wonder  unburdened”  among  objects  and  environments  in  a  manner  that  is,3  not  unlike  the  precariousness  of  some  shoes,  at  once  alluring  and  promiscu-ous in its embrace of instability.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <TextType>20</TextType>
          <ContentAudience>00</ContentAudience>
          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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          <CopyrightOwner>
            <PersonName>Pillai, Tripthi</PersonName>
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            <IDValue>10.21983/P3.0130.1.11</IDValue>
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          <FirstPageNumber>81</FirstPageNumber>
          <LastPageNumber>91</LastPageNumber>
        </PageRun>
        <NumberOfPages>11</NumberOfPages>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Performing Meat</TitleText>
          </TitleElement>
        </TitleDetail>
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          <ContributorRole>A01</ContributorRole>
          <PersonName>Karen Raber</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Karen</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Raber</KeyNames>
          <ProfessionalAffiliation>
            <AffiliationIdentifier>
              <AffiliationIDType>40</AffiliationIDType>
              <IDValue>02teq1165</IDValue>
            </AffiliationIdentifier>
            <Affiliation>University of Mississippi</Affiliation>
          </ProfessionalAffiliation>
        </Contributor>
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          <LanguageCode>eng</LanguageCode>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;John  Wecker’s  Secrets  of  Nature  offers  a  recipe  for  roasting  a  goose alive. Advising the application of a ring of fire to some “lively Crea-ture,”  the  recipe  includes  pots  of  water  to  slake  the  dying  goose’s  thirst,  while it “fl[ies] here and there” within the fire-ring.2 The cook should baste the goose’s head and heart so that “her inward parts” will roast before she dies:  “when  you  see  her  giddy  with  running,  and  begin  to  stumble,  her  heart  wants  moisture:  she  is  Rosted,  take  her  up,  and  set  her  upon  the  Table  to  your  guests,  and  as  you  cut  her  up  she  will  cry  continually,  that  she  will  be  almost  all  eaten  before  she  be  dead.”3  Recipes  like  this  one  have  attracted  only  a  limited  range  of  scholarly  analysis:  Wecker’s  recipe  appears, for instance, in the introduction to Patricia Fumerton and Simon Hunt’s  collection  Renaissance  Culture  and  the  Everyday,  where  it  serves  as a reminder of the casual cruelty of Renaissance practices that estrange everyday early modern culture for a generation of historicist critics. Culinary historians might situate the recipe as an example of the new interest in  food’s  aesthetic  complexity  during  the  Renaissance.  To  animal  lovers  and  vegetarians,  the  recipe  would  speak  for  itself,  highlighting  the  intol-erable  suffering  of  living  creatures  rendered  as  mere  meat  for  the  table:  animal studies scholars like Simon Estok and Erica Fudge have discussed early  modern  resistance  to,  and  rare  embrace  of,  vegetarianism  based  on  the  dehumanizing  influence  of  meat-eating  exemplified  by  cases  of  ani-mal torture like that in Wecker’s recipe.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;John  Wecker’s  Secrets  of  Nature  offers  a  recipe  for  roasting  a  goose alive. Advising the application of a ring of fire to some “lively Crea-ture,”  the  recipe  includes  pots  of  water  to  slake  the  dying  goose’s  thirst,  while it “fl[ies] here and there” within the fire-ring.2 The cook should baste the goose’s head and heart so that “her inward parts” will roast before she dies:  “when  you  see  her  giddy  with  running,  and  begin  to  stumble,  her  heart  wants  moisture:  she  is  Rosted,  take  her  up,  and  set  her  upon  the  Table  to  your  guests,  and  as  you  cut  her  up  she  will  cry  continually,  that  she  will  be  almost  all  eaten  before  she  be  dead.”3  Recipes  like  this  one  have  attracted  only  a  limited  range  of  scholarly  analysis:  Wecker’s  recipe  appears, for instance, in the introduction to Patricia Fumerton and Simon Hunt’s  collection  Renaissance  Culture  and  the  Everyday,  where  it  serves  as a reminder of the casual cruelty of Renaissance practices that estrange everyday early modern culture for a generation of historicist critics. Culinary historians might situate the recipe as an example of the new interest in  food’s  aesthetic  complexity  during  the  Renaissance.  To  animal  lovers  and  vegetarians,  the  recipe  would  speak  for  itself,  highlighting  the  intol-erable  suffering  of  living  creatures  rendered  as  mere  meat  for  the  table:  animal studies scholars like Simon Estok and Erica Fudge have discussed early  modern  resistance  to,  and  rare  embrace  of,  vegetarianism  based  on  the  dehumanizing  influence  of  meat-eating  exemplified  by  cases  of  ani-mal torture like that in Wecker’s recipe.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
        </TextContent>
        <TextContent>
          <TextType>20</TextType>
          <ContentAudience>00</ContentAudience>
          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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        <CopyrightStatement>
          <CopyrightOwner>
            <PersonName>Raber, Karen</PersonName>
          </CopyrightOwner>
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          <FirstPageNumber>93</FirstPageNumber>
          <LastPageNumber>102</LastPageNumber>
        </PageRun>
        <NumberOfPages>10</NumberOfPages>
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        <TitleDetail>
          <TitleType>01</TitleType>
          <TitleElement>
            <TitleElementLevel>01</TitleElementLevel>
            <TitleText language="eng">Eye and Book</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Species and Spectacle</Subtitle>
          </TitleElement>
        </TitleDetail>
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          <SequenceNumber>1</SequenceNumber>
          <ContributorRole>A01</ContributorRole>
          <PersonName>Pauline Reid</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Pauline</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Reid</KeyNames>
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            <AffiliationIdentifier>
              <AffiliationIDType>40</AffiliationIDType>
              <IDValue>04w7skc03</IDValue>
            </AffiliationIdentifier>
            <Affiliation>University of Denver</Affiliation>
          </ProfessionalAffiliation>
        </Contributor>
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          <LanguageCode>eng</LanguageCode>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;My things, the eye and the book, uneasily transgress the boundary between  objects  and  media.  Following  Bruno  Latour’s  call  to  investigate  the  ways  objects  “block,  render  possible,”  or  “forbid”  rather  than  merely  structure our experiences, this essay explores how visual perception com-plicated  early  modern  encounters  with  the  book  as  object.1  I  situate  the  relation between eye and book within a historically specific early modern material and intellectual environment. Material things shape, to cite gra-ham  Harman,  how  we  perceive  perception.  Even  so,  our  cultural  models  of  perception  necessarily  color  how  we  approach  these  things.  A  focus  on  objects’  environs  implies  an  ecological,  networked  reading  of  objects  and,  I  would  argue,  a  historical  one.  Historical  phenomenology  can  link  objects  with  their  temporal  as  well  as  spatial  environs.  Rather  than  fol-lowing  Husserl  and  Heidegger’s  model  of  a  transcendent  human  con-sciousness  that  intentionally  “brackets”  off  the  object  from  its  environs,  I  here  adopt  phenomenology  as  a  method  for  discovering  co-habitations  and  disturbances  between  body  and  object.  Traditional  phenomenology  often  removes  perception  from  a  historical  and  spatial  index  in  order  to  determine first principles. Instead, as I will explore with the eye, the body manifested  as  part  of  a  network  of  objects  that  continuously  patterned  and altered perception in early modern thought. This characterization of the human body and its parts as objects as well as perceptual media draws in  part  from  Rosalyn  Diprose’s  claim  that  phenomenology  acts  as  an  “interworld” between the human body and the external object,2 as well as from  Sarah  Ahmed’s  claim  that  objects  and  spaces  “impress”  themselves  on the body to the point where they become a “second skin.”3 Perception is  here  not  transcendent,  but  physically  situated;  the  percipient-object  relationship is not static, but mutually dynamic.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;My things, the eye and the book, uneasily transgress the boundary between  objects  and  media.  Following  Bruno  Latour’s  call  to  investigate  the  ways  objects  “block,  render  possible,”  or  “forbid”  rather  than  merely  structure our experiences, this essay explores how visual perception com-plicated  early  modern  encounters  with  the  book  as  object.1  I  situate  the  relation between eye and book within a historically specific early modern material and intellectual environment. Material things shape, to cite gra-ham  Harman,  how  we  perceive  perception.  Even  so,  our  cultural  models  of  perception  necessarily  color  how  we  approach  these  things.  A  focus  on  objects’  environs  implies  an  ecological,  networked  reading  of  objects  and,  I  would  argue,  a  historical  one.  Historical  phenomenology  can  link  objects  with  their  temporal  as  well  as  spatial  environs.  Rather  than  fol-lowing  Husserl  and  Heidegger’s  model  of  a  transcendent  human  con-sciousness  that  intentionally  “brackets”  off  the  object  from  its  environs,  I  here  adopt  phenomenology  as  a  method  for  discovering  co-habitations  and  disturbances  between  body  and  object.  Traditional  phenomenology  often  removes  perception  from  a  historical  and  spatial  index  in  order  to  determine first principles. Instead, as I will explore with the eye, the body manifested  as  part  of  a  network  of  objects  that  continuously  patterned  and altered perception in early modern thought. This characterization of the human body and its parts as objects as well as perceptual media draws in  part  from  Rosalyn  Diprose’s  claim  that  phenomenology  acts  as  an  “interworld” between the human body and the external object,2 as well as from  Sarah  Ahmed’s  claim  that  objects  and  spaces  “impress”  themselves  on the body to the point where they become a “second skin.”3 Perception is  here  not  transcendent,  but  physically  situated;  the  percipient-object  relationship is not static, but mutually dynamic.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Reid, Pauline</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">The Book/Body in The Duchess of Malfi</TitleText>
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          <ContributorRole>A01</ContributorRole>
          <PersonName>Emily Rendek</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Emily</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Rendek</KeyNames>
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            <Affiliation>University of South Carolina</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;For  Helen  Smith,  in  “Embodying  Early  Modern  Women’s  Reading,”  “the  text  enacts  a  physiological  change”  on  the  reader.1  In  this  essay,  I  should  like  to  revise  this  statement  to  suggest  that  this  “change”  is  actu-ally  an  exchange between  text  and  body.  The  marginalia  left  behind  by  early  modern  readers  are  visible  traces  of  their  bodily  imprints  upon  the  text  and  suggest  that  by  their  reading,  the  text  becomes  an  extension  of  the  reader’s  body.  Such  exchanges  need  not  be  limited  only  to  such  vis-ible  marks.  Recent  scholarship  has  begun  to  study  the  often  slightly  less  visible  marks  left  behind  by  book  users;  Katherine  Rudy’s  work  employs  the use of a densitometer to examine these marks, which include oils from fingerprints,  food  stains,  tears,  and  even  blood  stains  that  help  to  create  a better idea of what parts of a text a reader read and how often that text was  read.2  It  is  not  just  that  “[t]he  process  of  accessing  the  text  was  a  cor-poreal one . . . impressing key content on the reader’s memory,” but that the text  itself  also  becomes  embodied,  taking  on  features  of  its  reader.3  Te x t   and  reader  exchange  properties.  To  say  only  that  “[r]eaders’  bodies  were  molded  and  altered  by  the  texts  they  read”  is  to  ignore  the  other  side  of  the  equation.4  The  reader  is  not  only  imprinted  by  the  text  but  imprints  the  text  itself  (both  literally  and  figuratively).  The  relationship  between  book  and  reader  proves  symbiotic,  an  example  of  facultative  mutualism  (where  two  entities  are  interdependent  but  not  completely  dependent  upon  each  other),  something,  as  I  shall  show,  is  illustrated  perfectly  in  the figures of the Cardinal and his Bible in John Webster’s The Duchess of Malfi.  The  Cardinal’s  overpowering,  poisonous  character — he  would  be  “able to possess the greatest devil, and make him worse”5— is both altered by  his  (mis)reading  of  the  Bible  and  other  religious  texts  (see  5.5.1–10),  as  well  as  being  able  to  infect  the  book  itself,  allowing  it  to  literally  become  poisonous, thereby killing Julia. In the play, the use of the book as murder weapon  demonstrates  how  the  boundary  between  book  and  body  (of  the  reader)  become  blurred  as  both  the  permeability  of  the  page  and  of  the  body is emphasized throughout the play.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;For  Helen  Smith,  in  “Embodying  Early  Modern  Women’s  Reading,”  “the  text  enacts  a  physiological  change”  on  the  reader.1  In  this  essay,  I  should  like  to  revise  this  statement  to  suggest  that  this  “change”  is  actu-ally  an  exchange between  text  and  body.  The  marginalia  left  behind  by  early  modern  readers  are  visible  traces  of  their  bodily  imprints  upon  the  text  and  suggest  that  by  their  reading,  the  text  becomes  an  extension  of  the  reader’s  body.  Such  exchanges  need  not  be  limited  only  to  such  vis-ible  marks.  Recent  scholarship  has  begun  to  study  the  often  slightly  less  visible  marks  left  behind  by  book  users;  Katherine  Rudy’s  work  employs  the use of a densitometer to examine these marks, which include oils from fingerprints,  food  stains,  tears,  and  even  blood  stains  that  help  to  create  a better idea of what parts of a text a reader read and how often that text was  read.2  It  is  not  just  that  “[t]he  process  of  accessing  the  text  was  a  cor-poreal one . . . impressing key content on the reader’s memory,” but that the text  itself  also  becomes  embodied,  taking  on  features  of  its  reader.3  Te x t   and  reader  exchange  properties.  To  say  only  that  “[r]eaders’  bodies  were  molded  and  altered  by  the  texts  they  read”  is  to  ignore  the  other  side  of  the  equation.4  The  reader  is  not  only  imprinted  by  the  text  but  imprints  the  text  itself  (both  literally  and  figuratively).  The  relationship  between  book  and  reader  proves  symbiotic,  an  example  of  facultative  mutualism  (where  two  entities  are  interdependent  but  not  completely  dependent  upon  each  other),  something,  as  I  shall  show,  is  illustrated  perfectly  in  the figures of the Cardinal and his Bible in John Webster’s The Duchess of Malfi.  The  Cardinal’s  overpowering,  poisonous  character — he  would  be  “able to possess the greatest devil, and make him worse”5— is both altered by  his  (mis)reading  of  the  Bible  and  other  religious  texts  (see  5.5.1–10),  as  well  as  being  able  to  infect  the  book  itself,  allowing  it  to  literally  become  poisonous, thereby killing Julia. In the play, the use of the book as murder weapon  demonstrates  how  the  boundary  between  book  and  body  (of  the  reader)  become  blurred  as  both  the  permeability  of  the  page  and  of  the  body is emphasized throughout the play.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Rendek, Emily</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Crutches and Cripistemology in The Fair Maid of the Exchange</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Lindsey Row-Heyveld</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>Luther College</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The  Cripple,  the  central  character  of  the  anonymous  1607  city  comedy The  Fair  Maid  of  the  Exchange,  describes  the  onset  of  his  dis-ability  as  “the  visitation  of  my  legges,  and  my  expence  in  timber.”1  His  statement  frames  this  experience  in  both  enlivened  and  economic  terms.  “Visitation,”  defined  as  affliction  with  illness  or  trouble,  was  usually  accompanied  by  the  subject  performing  that  action,  for  instance,  “the  visitation  of  the  Lord”  or  “the  visitation  of  death.”2  In  this  case,  how-ever,  his  phrase  suggests  that  the  legs  themselves  enacted  the  visitation.  “Expence  in  timber”  describes  his  adoption  of  crutches  as  an  investment  in the high-stakes early modern timber market.3 The Cripple’s merging of agential  objects  and  commercial  objects  exemplifies  a  union  that  occurs  throughout  the  play.  In  exploring  the  liveliness  of  things  in  the  commer-cial  environment  of  the  play,  I  suggest  that  this  text  carefully  attends  to  their  vitality,  while  the  play’s  characters  are  primarily  attentive  only  to  their  financial  power.  The  exception  is  the  Cripple,  who  seems  occa-sionally  capable  of  seeing  both  their  value  and  vitality.  Considering  how  and why he possesses such a capability illuminates the ethical limits and potential  of  object-oriented  theory,  specifically  as  it  relates  to  prosthesis  and disability.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The  Cripple,  the  central  character  of  the  anonymous  1607  city  comedy The  Fair  Maid  of  the  Exchange,  describes  the  onset  of  his  dis-ability  as  “the  visitation  of  my  legges,  and  my  expence  in  timber.”1  His  statement  frames  this  experience  in  both  enlivened  and  economic  terms.  “Visitation,”  defined  as  affliction  with  illness  or  trouble,  was  usually  accompanied  by  the  subject  performing  that  action,  for  instance,  “the  visitation  of  the  Lord”  or  “the  visitation  of  death.”2  In  this  case,  how-ever,  his  phrase  suggests  that  the  legs  themselves  enacted  the  visitation.  “Expence  in  timber”  describes  his  adoption  of  crutches  as  an  investment  in the high-stakes early modern timber market.3 The Cripple’s merging of agential  objects  and  commercial  objects  exemplifies  a  union  that  occurs  throughout  the  play.  In  exploring  the  liveliness  of  things  in  the  commer-cial  environment  of  the  play,  I  suggest  that  this  text  carefully  attends  to  their  vitality,  while  the  play’s  characters  are  primarily  attentive  only  to  their  financial  power.  The  exception  is  the  Cripple,  who  seems  occa-sionally  capable  of  seeing  both  their  value  and  vitality.  Considering  how  and why he possesses such a capability illuminates the ethical limits and potential  of  object-oriented  theory,  specifically  as  it  relates  to  prosthesis  and disability.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Row-Heyveld, Lindsey</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Imagining Early Modern Wish-Lists and Their Environs</TitleText>
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          <ContributorRole>A01</ContributorRole>
          <PersonName>Debapriya Sarkar</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Debapriya</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Sarkar</KeyNames>
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              <IDValue>00yghrj63</IDValue>
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            <Affiliation>Hendrix College</Affiliation>
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          <ProfessionalAffiliation>
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              <IDValue>02der9h97</IDValue>
            </AffiliationIdentifier>
            <Affiliation>University of Connecticut</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;What was an early modern wish-list? Was it an object of inquiry, an  instrument  of  the  imagination,  or  one  of  cognition?  Why  did  these  catalogues  (incomplete  in  form,  and  projective  by  nature)  fascinate  early  modern  writers?  I  begin  with  these  questions  to  explore  the  status  of  the  wish-list  as  a  “thing”  that  enabled  thinkers  to  curate  new  ways  of  inter-acting  with  their  environs,  both  real  and  imagined.1  Wish-lists  became  instruments through which writers attempted to make intelligible a world that was fundamentally in flux, one in which new geographies were being discovered  through  travels  and  a  new  cosmology  was  displacing  both  earth  and  man  from  the  center  of  the  universe.  In  this  environment  of  uncertainty, the wish-list propelled naturalists and travelers to search for non-existent objects and propose new epistemological systems.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;What was an early modern wish-list? Was it an object of inquiry, an  instrument  of  the  imagination,  or  one  of  cognition?  Why  did  these  catalogues  (incomplete  in  form,  and  projective  by  nature)  fascinate  early  modern  writers?  I  begin  with  these  questions  to  explore  the  status  of  the  wish-list  as  a  “thing”  that  enabled  thinkers  to  curate  new  ways  of  inter-acting  with  their  environs,  both  real  and  imagined.1  Wish-lists  became  instruments through which writers attempted to make intelligible a world that was fundamentally in flux, one in which new geographies were being discovered  through  travels  and  a  new  cosmology  was  displacing  both  earth  and  man  from  the  center  of  the  universe.  In  this  environment  of  uncertainty, the wish-list propelled naturalists and travelers to search for non-existent objects and propose new epistemological systems.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Sarkar, Debapriya</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Emulsifying Greasy Desire in Shakespeare and John Taylor the Water Poet</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Rob Wakeman</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>University of Maryland</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;A  table,  a  bed,  or  a  body  enclosed  in  clean  linen  is  sheltered  from  the  world.  Smocks,  shirts,  stockings,  table  cloths,  and  bed  sheets  demarcate   the   discrete   boundaries   that   separate   clean   objects   from   unclean   environments.   The   smell   of   freshly   laundered   linen   is   an   announcement:  “This  area  has  been  decontaminated.  It  has  been  puri-fied of promiscuous pollutions.” But grease has a way of seeping through these  borders.  Fats  and  oils  indiscriminately  and  wantonly  dribble  from  the  body’s  pores.  They  ooze  forth  from  cookware  and  flatware,  sticking  to  and  staining  skin,  hair,  and  cloth.  In  his  ribald  poem,  “The  Praise  of  Cleane Linnen,” John Taylor the Water Poet (1578–1653) gives an example of how grease debases a white handkerchief&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;A  table,  a  bed,  or  a  body  enclosed  in  clean  linen  is  sheltered  from  the  world.  Smocks,  shirts,  stockings,  table  cloths,  and  bed  sheets  demarcate   the   discrete   boundaries   that   separate   clean   objects   from   unclean   environments.   The   smell   of   freshly   laundered   linen   is   an   announcement:  “This  area  has  been  decontaminated.  It  has  been  puri-fied of promiscuous pollutions.” But grease has a way of seeping through these  borders.  Fats  and  oils  indiscriminately  and  wantonly  dribble  from  the  body’s  pores.  They  ooze  forth  from  cookware  and  flatware,  sticking  to  and  staining  skin,  hair,  and  cloth.  In  his  ribald  poem,  “The  Praise  of  Cleane Linnen,” John Taylor the Water Poet (1578–1653) gives an example of how grease debases a white handkerchief&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Wakeman, Rob</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Lavinia is Philomel</TitleText>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In   what   way   might   a   poem   or   a   narrative   serve   not   as   a   representation  but  instead  as  a  nonhuman  agent?  From  one  perspective,  Shakespeare’s Titus  Andronicus  seems  like  an  extended  meditation  on  this  problem:  Ovid’s  story  of  Philomel’s  rape  “tampers  directly  with  cau-sality”  in  Shakespeare’s  play.1  Philomel  appears  first  when  the  villainous  Aaron comments, before the rape of Lavinia, “This is the day of doom for Bassianus,/His  Philomel  must  lose  her  tongue  today”  (2.2.42–43).2  After  the  rape  and  mutilation,  Lavinia  is  frequently  on  stage,  the  mute  object  towards  which  many  of  her  male  relatives  direct  their  speech:  Marcus  posits that this is the work of “some Tereus” (2.4.26), or a “craftier Tereus” (46). And Lavinia finally seems to make herself legible only when she gets hold  of  her  nephew’s  copy  of  Ovid’s  Metamorphoses and  “quotes”  (4.1.50)  its  leaves.  Ovid’s  story  takes  humans  as  a  kind  of  “activation  device,”  as  Eileen  Joy  puts  it.3  It  seems  to  preserve  a  self-replicating  power  and  a  cer-tain  degree  of  organizational  closure  even  as  it  takes  its  violent  effects  in  the world of the play.4 What kind of agency is this, exactly?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In   what   way   might   a   poem   or   a   narrative   serve   not   as   a   representation  but  instead  as  a  nonhuman  agent?  From  one  perspective,  Shakespeare’s Titus  Andronicus  seems  like  an  extended  meditation  on  this  problem:  Ovid’s  story  of  Philomel’s  rape  “tampers  directly  with  cau-sality”  in  Shakespeare’s  play.1  Philomel  appears  first  when  the  villainous  Aaron comments, before the rape of Lavinia, “This is the day of doom for Bassianus,/His  Philomel  must  lose  her  tongue  today”  (2.2.42–43).2  After  the  rape  and  mutilation,  Lavinia  is  frequently  on  stage,  the  mute  object  towards  which  many  of  her  male  relatives  direct  their  speech:  Marcus  posits that this is the work of “some Tereus” (2.4.26), or a “craftier Tereus” (46). And Lavinia finally seems to make herself legible only when she gets hold  of  her  nephew’s  copy  of  Ovid’s  Metamorphoses and  “quotes”  (4.1.50)  its  leaves.  Ovid’s  story  takes  humans  as  a  kind  of  “activation  device,”  as  Eileen  Joy  puts  it.3  It  seems  to  preserve  a  self-replicating  power  and  a  cer-tain  degree  of  organizational  closure  even  as  it  takes  its  violent  effects  in  the world of the play.4 What kind of agency is this, exactly?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <PersonName>Luke Wilson</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;An aspergillum sometimes looks something like this: And sometimes something like this: Here is one being used by a ram in a  late  thirteenth-century  book  of  hours: Mostly,  though,  the  aspergillum  was  used  by  Catholic  priests  to  sprinkle  holy  water  on  the  congregation.  After  the  use  of  holy  water  was  written  out  of  the  English  liturgy  in  the  1549  Prayer  Book,  the  aspergillum  (or  “holy water sprinkle,” as it was more commonly called) didn’t get used so much, in England, at least not as an element in the official liturgy.1 But it was  still  good  for  a  few  laughs,  as  in  the  following  jest  from  the  popular  joke book, Nugae venales (1642):Mulier Hugenota &amp;amp; Papistica quaenam?Hugenota est, quae omni tempore desiderat carnem; papistica quae saepe voluit &amp;amp; tractat aspergillum. [Which  is  a  Huguenot  woman,  and  which  a  Papist?  A  Huguenot  woman  is  one  who  at  all  times  longs  for  meat;  a  papist  woman  is  one who often craves, and handles, the aspergillum.]&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;An aspergillum sometimes looks something like this: And sometimes something like this: Here is one being used by a ram in a  late  thirteenth-century  book  of  hours: Mostly,  though,  the  aspergillum  was  used  by  Catholic  priests  to  sprinkle  holy  water  on  the  congregation.  After  the  use  of  holy  water  was  written  out  of  the  English  liturgy  in  the  1549  Prayer  Book,  the  aspergillum  (or  “holy water sprinkle,” as it was more commonly called) didn’t get used so much, in England, at least not as an element in the official liturgy.1 But it was  still  good  for  a  few  laughs,  as  in  the  following  jest  from  the  popular  joke book, Nugae venales (1642):Mulier Hugenota &amp;amp; Papistica quaenam?Hugenota est, quae omni tempore desiderat carnem; papistica quae saepe voluit &amp;amp; tractat aspergillum. [Which  is  a  Huguenot  woman,  and  which  a  Papist?  A  Huguenot  woman  is  one  who  at  all  times  longs  for  meat;  a  papist  woman  is  one who often craves, and handles, the aspergillum.]&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;It  started  out  with  an  exemplary  pedagogical  exercise:  “show  and tell.” As a way to commence our seminar, we were all asked to bring objects  to  the  SAA  seminar  room.  Those  writing  essays  were  put  to  the  challenge  of  somehow  bringing  their  chosen  object  into  the  conference  room,  a  task  which  proved  quite  simple  for  those  who  had  selected  tiny  and compact objects and rather daunting, or loosely followed, in the case of  those  hunting  larger,  more  elusive,  legally  touchy,  or  medically  toxic  objects. For the respondents, the task was far more open-ended: we could bring  any  object  we  wanted  that  might  exemplify  our  own  response  to  the  open  rubric  of  “objects  and  environs,”  itself  an  already  capacious  formulation.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;It  started  out  with  an  exemplary  pedagogical  exercise:  “show  and tell.” As a way to commence our seminar, we were all asked to bring objects  to  the  SAA  seminar  room.  Those  writing  essays  were  put  to  the  challenge  of  somehow  bringing  their  chosen  object  into  the  conference  room,  a  task  which  proved  quite  simple  for  those  who  had  selected  tiny  and compact objects and rather daunting, or loosely followed, in the case of  those  hunting  larger,  more  elusive,  legally  touchy,  or  medically  toxic  objects. For the respondents, the task was far more open-ended: we could bring  any  object  we  wanted  that  might  exemplify  our  own  response  to  the  open  rubric  of  “objects  and  environs,”  itself  an  already  capacious  formulation.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">OOO + HHH = Zany, Interesting, and Cute</TitleText>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;My first venture with Punctum Books and the dynamic circle of scholars  associated  with  it  began  in  March  2011,  at  the  conference  on  “Animal, Vegetable, Mineral: Ethics and Objects in the Early Modern and Medieval  Periods”  hosted  at  george  Washington  university.  The  con-ference  led  to  a  volume  of  the  same  name,  and  my  article  “The  Renais-sance Res Publica of Furniture,” remains one of my favorite pieces, in part because  of  the  company  it  keeps  with  such  an  innovative  group  of  col-laborators. I am thrilled to rejoin the conversation in this volume, which brings  together  some  of  the  same  authors  with  other  scholars  investigat-ing Shakespearean thing worlds. My  response  scans  these  papers  through  the  scrim  of  two  triads  of  terms:  the  aesthetic  categories  zany,  interesting,  and  cute,  as  established  for  our  time  by  Sianne  Ngai;  and  the  methodological  categories  of  his-toricism, humanism,  and  hermeneutics.  At  stake  in  the  relation  between  OOO and HHH are the vectors of usage and forms of significance that bind objects  to  worlds,  to  actions,  and  to  language,  and  the  extent  to  which  Shakespearean  drama  and  its  criticism  accommodates,  exhibits,  and  reflects upon the traffic patterns that constitute the real and theatrical life of persons and things.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;My first venture with Punctum Books and the dynamic circle of scholars  associated  with  it  began  in  March  2011,  at  the  conference  on  “Animal, Vegetable, Mineral: Ethics and Objects in the Early Modern and Medieval  Periods”  hosted  at  george  Washington  university.  The  con-ference  led  to  a  volume  of  the  same  name,  and  my  article  “The  Renais-sance Res Publica of Furniture,” remains one of my favorite pieces, in part because  of  the  company  it  keeps  with  such  an  innovative  group  of  col-laborators. I am thrilled to rejoin the conversation in this volume, which brings  together  some  of  the  same  authors  with  other  scholars  investigat-ing Shakespearean thing worlds. My  response  scans  these  papers  through  the  scrim  of  two  triads  of  terms:  the  aesthetic  categories  zany,  interesting,  and  cute,  as  established  for  our  time  by  Sianne  Ngai;  and  the  methodological  categories  of  his-toricism, humanism,  and  hermeneutics.  At  stake  in  the  relation  between  OOO and HHH are the vectors of usage and forms of significance that bind objects  to  worlds,  to  actions,  and  to  language,  and  the  extent  to  which  Shakespearean  drama  and  its  criticism  accommodates,  exhibits,  and  reflects upon the traffic patterns that constitute the real and theatrical life of persons and things.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <PersonName>Vin Nardizzi</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In  the  early  1990s,  activist  and  poet  Wendell  Berry  character-ized the popular use of the term “environment” as “utterly preposterous.” The word, he says, “means that which surrounds, or encircles us; it means a world separate from ourselves, outside ourselves.” In outlining how the “real  state  of  things,”  which  “is  far  more  complex  and  intimate  and  inter-esting”  than  an  anthropocentric  term  like  “environment”  allows,  Berry  generates a list: “The real names of the environment,” he itemizes, “are the names  of  rivers  and  river  valleys;  creeks,  ridges,  and  mountains;  towns  and  cities;  lakes,  woodland,  lanes,  roads,  creatures,  and  people.”1  Nearly  contemporaneously,  the  philosopher  Michel  Serres  also  exhorted  us  to  “forget  the  word  environment.”  “If  the  soiled”  and  endangered  “world”  is  what we mean when we employ the term, then we have it all wrong, Serres says:  this  use  of  the  term  “assumes  that  we  humans  are  at  the  center  of  a  system  of  nature.”  He  instead  proposes  that  “we . . . place  things  in  the  center  and  us  at  the  periphery,  or  better  still,  things  all  around  and  us  within them like parasites.”2 Like Timothy Morton’s “Nature” (with a cap-ital  “N”),  “environment,”  Berry  and  Serres  indicate,  seems  to  be  “getting  in  the  way”  of  environmental  work  and  theory.3  We  would  do  well,  then,  to unlearn the term.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In  the  early  1990s,  activist  and  poet  Wendell  Berry  character-ized the popular use of the term “environment” as “utterly preposterous.” The word, he says, “means that which surrounds, or encircles us; it means a world separate from ourselves, outside ourselves.” In outlining how the “real  state  of  things,”  which  “is  far  more  complex  and  intimate  and  inter-esting”  than  an  anthropocentric  term  like  “environment”  allows,  Berry  generates a list: “The real names of the environment,” he itemizes, “are the names  of  rivers  and  river  valleys;  creeks,  ridges,  and  mountains;  towns  and  cities;  lakes,  woodland,  lanes,  roads,  creatures,  and  people.”1  Nearly  contemporaneously,  the  philosopher  Michel  Serres  also  exhorted  us  to  “forget  the  word  environment.”  “If  the  soiled”  and  endangered  “world”  is  what we mean when we employ the term, then we have it all wrong, Serres says:  this  use  of  the  term  “assumes  that  we  humans  are  at  the  center  of  a  system  of  nature.”  He  instead  proposes  that  “we . . . place  things  in  the  center  and  us  at  the  periphery,  or  better  still,  things  all  around  and  us  within them like parasites.”2 Like Timothy Morton’s “Nature” (with a cap-ital  “N”),  “environment,”  Berry  and  Serres  indicate,  seems  to  be  “getting  in  the  way”  of  environmental  work  and  theory.3  We  would  do  well,  then,  to unlearn the term.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Elements of this book, Oblation: Essays, Parables, Paradoxes, defy reason. They do so for good reason. Much of what we do, much of what we think, is oblation: sacrifice, offering, to something or someone. The root of “oblation” is “to draw near” or “to dwell in.” It refers to what is brought unto the altar, literal or proverbial — the profoundest oblation being what binds us together, our very souls, our dearest loves, indistinguishable from ourselves, our Isaacs on our Mount Moriahs.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The natures of our oblations characterize our relationships to objects great and small, e.g., Lords and loved ones, groups and masses of signifiers. Oblative transactions promise meaning, yet we are full of uncertainty. What is it that cries out for oblation? How do we hear its voice? Are we, in fact, called, or do we, on the contrary, offer every bit gratuit? Why, as Albert Camus famously remarked, do “the stage sets collapse” as we offer ourselves to life’s routine?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In Oblation, M.H. Bowker considers these questions in a series of essays touching upon figures such as Franz Kafka, Edgar Allan Poe, Baron van Münchhausen, and Jacques Lacan, unraveling themes of loss, hatred, and the Munchausen syndrome by proxy. Interspersed with brief parables and paradoxes, Bowker's essays push us to wonder who or what we are offering ourselves and others to – and how we get away with this.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Elements of this book, Oblation: Essays, Parables, Paradoxes, defy reason. They do so for good reason. Much of what we do, much of what we think, is oblation: sacrifice, offering, to something or someone. The root of “oblation” is “to draw near” or “to dwell in.” It refers to what is brought unto the altar, literal or proverbial — the profoundest oblation being what binds us together, our very souls, our dearest loves, indistinguishable from ourselves, our Isaacs on our Mount Moriahs.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The natures of our oblations characterize our relationships to objects great and small, e.g., Lords and loved ones, groups and masses of signifiers. Oblative transactions promise meaning, yet we are full of uncertainty. What is it that cries out for oblation? How do we hear its voice? Are we, in fact, called, or do we, on the contrary, offer every bit gratuit? Why, as Albert Camus famously remarked, do “the stage sets collapse” as we offer ourselves to life’s routine?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In Oblation, M.H. Bowker considers these questions in a series of essays touching upon figures such as Franz Kafka, Edgar Allan Poe, Baron van Münchhausen, and Jacques Lacan, unraveling themes of loss, hatred, and the Munchausen syndrome by proxy. Interspersed with brief parables and paradoxes, Bowker's essays push us to wonder who or what we are offering ourselves and others to – and how we get away with this.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Elements of this book, Oblation: Essays, Parables, Paradoxes, defy reason. They do so for good reason. Much of what we do, much of what we think, is oblation: sacrifice, offering, to something or someone. The root of “oblation” is “to draw near” or “to dwell in.” It refers to what is brought unto the altar, literal or proverbial — the profoundest oblation being what binds us together, our very souls, our dearest loves, indistinguishable from ourselves, our Isaacs on our Mount Moriahs.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The natures of our oblations characterize our relationships to objects great and small, e.g., Lords and loved ones, groups and masses of signifiers. Oblative transactions promise meaning, yet we are full of uncertainty. What is it that cries out for oblation? How do we hear its voice? Are we, in fact, called, or do we, on the contrary, offer every bit gratuit? Why, as Albert Camus famously remarked, do “the stage sets collapse” as we offer ourselves to life’s routine?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In Oblation, M.H. Bowker considers these questions in a series of essays touching upon figures such as Franz Kafka, Edgar Allan Poe, Baron van Münchhausen, and Jacques Lacan, unraveling themes of loss, hatred, and the Munchausen syndrome by proxy. Interspersed with brief parables and paradoxes, Bowker's essays push us to wonder who or what we are offering ourselves and others to – and how we get away with this.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Elements of this book, Oblation: Essays, Parables, Paradoxes, defy reason. They do so for good reason. Much of what we do, much of what we think, is oblation: sacrifice, offering, to something or someone. The root of “oblation” is “to draw near” or “to dwell in.” It refers to what is brought unto the altar, literal or proverbial — the profoundest oblation being what binds us together, our very souls, our dearest loves, indistinguishable from ourselves, our Isaacs on our Mount Moriahs.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The natures of our oblations characterize our relationships to objects great and small, e.g., Lords and loved ones, groups and masses of signifiers. Oblative transactions promise meaning, yet we are full of uncertainty. What is it that cries out for oblation? How do we hear its voice? Are we, in fact, called, or do we, on the contrary, offer every bit gratuit? Why, as Albert Camus famously remarked, do “the stage sets collapse” as we offer ourselves to life’s routine?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In Oblation, M.H. Bowker considers these questions in a series of essays touching upon figures such as Franz Kafka, Edgar Allan Poe, Baron van Münchhausen, and Jacques Lacan, unraveling themes of loss, hatred, and the Munchausen syndrome by proxy. Interspersed with brief parables and paradoxes, Bowker's essays push us to wonder who or what we are offering ourselves and others to – and how we get away with this.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This volume comprises a three-fold object, Book and Ocean and New York City.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;If this Book were Ocean, how would it feel between your fingers? Wet and slippery, just a bit warmer or colder than the air around it, since the Ocean is our planet’s greatest reservoir of heat, a sloshing insulator and incubator girdling our globe. If its pages were New York City, how would they abrade your imagination? Human and teeming, endlessly humming along with that same old tune. Imagine that these three things were one thing. All together: Book and Ocean and New York City. During the long historical pause between the day the last sailing ship docked at South Street and that day in October 2012 when Hurricane Sandy brought the waves back in fury, New York turned its back on the sea. This Book remembers that the City was founded on Ocean, peopled by its currents, grew rich on its traffic. The storm taught what we should never have forgotten: under New York’s asphalt lies not beach but Ocean.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This volume comprises a three-fold object, Book and Ocean and New York City.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;If this Book were Ocean, how would it feel between your fingers? Wet and slippery, just a bit warmer or colder than the air around it, since the Ocean is our planet’s greatest reservoir of heat, a sloshing insulator and incubator girdling our globe. If its pages were New York City, how would they abrade your imagination? Human and teeming, endlessly humming along with that same old tune. Imagine that these three things were one thing. All together: Book and Ocean and New York City. During the long historical pause between the day the last sailing ship docked at South Street and that day in October 2012 when Hurricane Sandy brought the waves back in fury, New York turned its back on the sea. This Book remembers that the City was founded on Ocean, peopled by its currents, grew rich on its traffic. The storm taught what we should never have forgotten: under New York’s asphalt lies not beach but Ocean.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In the fall of 2013 I curated an exhibition forSt. John’s University: Silent Beaches, Untold Stories: New York City’s Forgotten Waterfront. The Silent Beachesproject initially grew out of the startling realization that I, a second generation New Yorker, had scant knowledge and scantier experience of our city’s 600-plus miles of coastline. I resolved to get out there, and began a series of excursions spaning the next three years. I drove and walked and some-times found I couldn’t even get close to the water—huge power plants, fenced off brown-fields, private property guarded by vicious dogs were often in my way. But what I did see was astonishing: beautiful, hideous, sad, and just weird. Every plant, every used needle, every wreck, every proud neighbor told the briny story of Oceanic New York.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In the fall of 2013 I curated an exhibition forSt. John’s University: Silent Beaches, Untold Stories: New York City’s Forgotten Waterfront. The Silent Beachesproject initially grew out of the startling realization that I, a second generation New Yorker, had scant knowledge and scantier experience of our city’s 600-plus miles of coastline. I resolved to get out there, and began a series of excursions spaning the next three years. I drove and walked and some-times found I couldn’t even get close to the water—huge power plants, fenced off brown-fields, private property guarded by vicious dogs were often in my way. But what I did see was astonishing: beautiful, hideous, sad, and just weird. Every plant, every used needle, every wreck, every proud neighbor told the briny story of Oceanic New York.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Reflecting on Elizabeth Albert’s remarkableexhibit, Silent Beaches, Untold Stories, documenting the history of New York City’s waterways, I’ve been ruminating on the problem of making art out of man-made destruction. The collection is a stunning assembly of images that document the environmental consequences of New York’s commercial development over the past 200 years: vagrant workers sorting trash for barges, mountains of husked oyster shells harvested from Staten Island, and the relics of abandoned factories on the poisoned waters of the Gowanus and Newtown Creeks. It is a stunning and educational glimpse into New York’s history and the strange lives and grotesque deaths that occurred on its desecrated aquatic margins. The years of research that went into Albert’s show have been refined to give any casual observer a haunting knowledge of New York City’s indus-trial past.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Reflecting on Elizabeth Albert’s remarkableexhibit, Silent Beaches, Untold Stories, documenting the history of New York City’s waterways, I’ve been ruminating on the problem of making art out of man-made destruction. The collection is a stunning assembly of images that document the environmental consequences of New York’s commercial development over the past 200 years: vagrant workers sorting trash for barges, mountains of husked oyster shells harvested from Staten Island, and the relics of abandoned factories on the poisoned waters of the Gowanus and Newtown Creeks. It is a stunning and educational glimpse into New York’s history and the strange lives and grotesque deaths that occurred on its desecrated aquatic margins. The years of research that went into Albert’s show have been refined to give any casual observer a haunting knowledge of New York City’s indus-trial past.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <PersonName>Lowell Duckert</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In the summer of 1609, under orders from theDutch East India Company to venture north by northeast towards the Russian archipelago of Novaya Zemlya, the English navigator Henry Hudson erred: thwarted by icepack, and unwilling to return so soon to his Dutch patrons, he sailed west instead, journeying down the North American coast that his friend John Smith had described to him. Entering what we now know as New York Harbor in September 1609, he sailed up a river called the North River, a waterway that Italian explorer Giovanni da Verrazano sighted in 1524 but never In the summer of 1609, under orders from theDutch East India Company to venture north by northeast towards the Russian archipelago of Novaya Zemlya, the English navigator Henry Hudson erred: thwarted by icepack, and unwilling to return so soon to his Dutch patrons, he sailed west instead, journeying down the North American coast that his friend John Smith had described to him. Entering what we now know as New York Harbor in September 1609, he sailed up a river called the North River, a waterway that Italian explorer Giovanni da Verrazano sighted in 1524 but never.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In the summer of 1609, under orders from theDutch East India Company to venture north by northeast towards the Russian archipelago of Novaya Zemlya, the English navigator Henry Hudson erred: thwarted by icepack, and unwilling to return so soon to his Dutch patrons, he sailed west instead, journeying down the North American coast that his friend John Smith had described to him. Entering what we now know as New York Harbor in September 1609, he sailed up a river called the North River, a waterway that Italian explorer Giovanni da Verrazano sighted in 1524 but never In the summer of 1609, under orders from theDutch East India Company to venture north by northeast towards the Russian archipelago of Novaya Zemlya, the English navigator Henry Hudson erred: thwarted by icepack, and unwilling to return so soon to his Dutch patrons, he sailed west instead, journeying down the North American coast that his friend John Smith had described to him. Entering what we now know as New York Harbor in September 1609, he sailed up a river called the North River, a waterway that Italian explorer Giovanni da Verrazano sighted in 1524 but never.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;To begin, we could talk about silica, silicates.Sand and glass. Collectible. Recyclable. Except whenthey are not. I’ll come back around this at the end.Snake and tail.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;To begin, we could talk about silica, silicates.Sand and glass. Collectible. Recyclable. Except whenthey are not. I’ll come back around this at the end.Snake and tail.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;From the audience of Oceanic New York, Imarveled at the play of art, history, and maritime and urban discovery, of erudition, imagination, and good-will. “O beauty, o handsomeness, goodness!”2 How could a coalition of activists, architects, artists, and scholars—rocks, grasses, and oysters—effluvia, flotsam, and concrete—not succeed in shoring up brighter hopes for the city?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;From the audience of Oceanic New York, Imarveled at the play of art, history, and maritime and urban discovery, of erudition, imagination, and good-will. “O beauty, o handsomeness, goodness!”2 How could a coalition of activists, architects, artists, and scholars—rocks, grasses, and oysters—effluvia, flotsam, and concrete—not succeed in shoring up brighter hopes for the city?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;I was born and raised in Long Beach, New York,whose motto in Latin, “Civitas ad Mare,” means “City by the Sea.” More commonly printed on tee-shirts, coffee cups, and door mats, however, is a kind of second unoffi-cial motto: “Life’s a Beach.” While I realize this phrase is not particular to the trinkets of my hometown’s novelty shops, I have begun to wonder about the appropriateness of these words to certain aspects of life here, considering the recent history of Long Beach. Two consecutive years, 2011 and 2012, our shores, as well as those of nearby beaches, were battered by hurricanes Irene and Sandy. “Life’s a Beach” seems to be adapting new possibilities for interpretation, as storm events become more frequent and severe.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;I was born and raised in Long Beach, New York,whose motto in Latin, “Civitas ad Mare,” means “City by the Sea.” More commonly printed on tee-shirts, coffee cups, and door mats, however, is a kind of second unoffi-cial motto: “Life’s a Beach.” While I realize this phrase is not particular to the trinkets of my hometown’s novelty shops, I have begun to wonder about the appropriateness of these words to certain aspects of life here, considering the recent history of Long Beach. Two consecutive years, 2011 and 2012, our shores, as well as those of nearby beaches, were battered by hurricanes Irene and Sandy. “Life’s a Beach” seems to be adapting new possibilities for interpretation, as storm events become more frequent and severe.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The earliest version of this paper, deliveredat the Oceanic New York symposium, tried to change the way people normally write about oysters. Oyster books love to talk about pearls and Chesapeake Bay’s oyster war; they love how oyster middens chart the passage not of cavemen but of “covemen,” who followed the beds of oysters around coasts in a kind of gustatory cartogra-phy.2 These same writers happily accept the oyster’s fleshy invitation to aphrodisiacal excess. And when they look to New York City, they love to mourn the loss of its oyster beds, closed by pollution and over-harvesting, perhaps for good, in 1927, once home to trillions of the creatures, a seedbed for nostalgia for the grittier appetites of New York’s presumably populist past.3 I asked us to remember the oyster itself by remembering its shell, calcium carbon-ate, particularly important now to offset the increasing acidification of the oceans; likewise, I asked that we appreciate how prodigiously a living oyster filters water. What they ingest and don’t eat, oysters eject as pseudofeces, which, coated in mucous, fall to the ocean floor to be processed by anoxic bacteria. The cleaner, deacidified water oysters leave behind is what just about everything else needs to live. I wanted us to look to projects to use bring oysters back to New York, like the architect Kate Orff ’s call for “oystertecture,” an “invertebrate architecture” to help abate the force of hurricanes, to keep New York City safe from our future’s inevitable Sandies.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The earliest version of this paper, deliveredat the Oceanic New York symposium, tried to change the way people normally write about oysters. Oyster books love to talk about pearls and Chesapeake Bay’s oyster war; they love how oyster middens chart the passage not of cavemen but of “covemen,” who followed the beds of oysters around coasts in a kind of gustatory cartogra-phy.2 These same writers happily accept the oyster’s fleshy invitation to aphrodisiacal excess. And when they look to New York City, they love to mourn the loss of its oyster beds, closed by pollution and over-harvesting, perhaps for good, in 1927, once home to trillions of the creatures, a seedbed for nostalgia for the grittier appetites of New York’s presumably populist past.3 I asked us to remember the oyster itself by remembering its shell, calcium carbon-ate, particularly important now to offset the increasing acidification of the oceans; likewise, I asked that we appreciate how prodigiously a living oyster filters water. What they ingest and don’t eat, oysters eject as pseudofeces, which, coated in mucous, fall to the ocean floor to be processed by anoxic bacteria. The cleaner, deacidified water oysters leave behind is what just about everything else needs to live. I wanted us to look to projects to use bring oysters back to New York, like the architect Kate Orff ’s call for “oystertecture,” an “invertebrate architecture” to help abate the force of hurricanes, to keep New York City safe from our future’s inevitable Sandies.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Once, when my family was still living inQueens and I was still counting my age with the fingers on one hand, an older cousin gave me a stack of unwanted Sega Genesis games at a Christmas Eve party. Ten or twelve games total, but the only one that mattered was the boxless promotional copy of Sonic the Hedgehog at the top of the pile. At the time, I couldn’t get enough of Sonic, Sega’s “edgy” new mascot, their answer to Nintendo’s Mario—I read the monthly comic books, I watched both animated series, I had coloring books and pajamas and action figures, and of course, I played the video games. But there were other kids at the party that night whose parents were depending on the Sega to keep occupied, and although I didn’t understand how anyone could tire of watching me ace zone after zone of Sonic, majority rule won out and we started making our way through the other games I’d been given: Ninja Turtles was fun, but repetitive; none of us could navigate the playbook in Madden 94; making sense of Toejam &amp;amp; Earl required access to certain psychotropic drugs, the existence of which we were still too innocent to know.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Once, when my family was still living inQueens and I was still counting my age with the fingers on one hand, an older cousin gave me a stack of unwanted Sega Genesis games at a Christmas Eve party. Ten or twelve games total, but the only one that mattered was the boxless promotional copy of Sonic the Hedgehog at the top of the pile. At the time, I couldn’t get enough of Sonic, Sega’s “edgy” new mascot, their answer to Nintendo’s Mario—I read the monthly comic books, I watched both animated series, I had coloring books and pajamas and action figures, and of course, I played the video games. But there were other kids at the party that night whose parents were depending on the Sega to keep occupied, and although I didn’t understand how anyone could tire of watching me ace zone after zone of Sonic, majority rule won out and we started making our way through the other games I’d been given: Ninja Turtles was fun, but repetitive; none of us could navigate the playbook in Madden 94; making sense of Toejam &amp;amp; Earl required access to certain psychotropic drugs, the existence of which we were still too innocent to know.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">A Short History of the Hudsonian Ice Age</TitleText>
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            <Affiliation>West Virginia University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Going back to a river’s beginning is not topinpoint its source—it is to begin (again). Time may flow, but a river always escapes the trappings of chronology. Riparian time emphasizes riptides, eddies, and turbulent zones over lines, origins, and laminar points.(All we know are these confluences: Skype chats and emails; poetry and bridge sections; rivers and tides; bendable and multipliable time. Data streams, hover-craft, “Hudson,” Muhheakantuck.)How do we understand a body of water without our own—in it, with it, through it? What will be the stuff of this day’s bridges—of space, time, conversation, question and experi-ence— enlisted to build tomorrow’s? Does the water outside my window know that I’m watching it, wondering where it will go next? Will it love as it is loved?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Going back to a river’s beginning is not topinpoint its source—it is to begin (again). Time may flow, but a river always escapes the trappings of chronology. Riparian time emphasizes riptides, eddies, and turbulent zones over lines, origins, and laminar points.(All we know are these confluences: Skype chats and emails; poetry and bridge sections; rivers and tides; bendable and multipliable time. Data streams, hover-craft, “Hudson,” Muhheakantuck.)How do we understand a body of water without our own—in it, with it, through it? What will be the stuff of this day’s bridges—of space, time, conversation, question and experi-ence— enlisted to build tomorrow’s? Does the water outside my window know that I’m watching it, wondering where it will go next? Will it love as it is loved?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This fragment has two parts. The first splashesthrough the Hudson River one early morning in September 2013. The second took place that same fall, on the Monday before Thanksgiving, inside the canal of my left ear.In diving into the “wages” of water I’m not suggesting that the world ocean owes us anything. Nor really the opposite, that we owe the great waters a globe without plas-tic, or with less carbon, much as I love such fanciful ideas. (To clarify: we are heading for a lower-carbon future. The question is whether we’ll burn all the coal and oil in the ground before we get there. That’s what will determine the shape of our catastrophic future.) The wages I’m talking in this case about are personal. Not an ocean inside, though part of this story takes place inside my body. What I’m writing about is salt on skin, the feel and pressure of the world ocean on a fragile individual body, in this case mine. How does it feel, I ask, to touch the hyperobject?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This fragment has two parts. The first splashesthrough the Hudson River one early morning in September 2013. The second took place that same fall, on the Monday before Thanksgiving, inside the canal of my left ear.In diving into the “wages” of water I’m not suggesting that the world ocean owes us anything. Nor really the opposite, that we owe the great waters a globe without plas-tic, or with less carbon, much as I love such fanciful ideas. (To clarify: we are heading for a lower-carbon future. The question is whether we’ll burn all the coal and oil in the ground before we get there. That’s what will determine the shape of our catastrophic future.) The wages I’m talking in this case about are personal. Not an ocean inside, though part of this story takes place inside my body. What I’m writing about is salt on skin, the feel and pressure of the world ocean on a fragile individual body, in this case mine. How does it feel, I ask, to touch the hyperobject?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <Subtitle language="eng">In Case of Immersion</Subtitle>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The second selection of nine essays opens upflooded streets to global connections.Steve Mentz and Marina Zurkow conspireon instructions for flooded cities.Jeffrey Jerome Cohen revealsthe sea’s conveying motions.Allan Mitchell plunges downinto oceanic and poetic forms.Dean Kritikos invites Jean-Paul Sartreand TimothyMorton to visithis hometown of New York City.Anne Harris values depth, uncertainty, and disaster.Julie Orlemanski explores                                                      what         it         would         take         to         move                                             from         tourism         to         activism.              Jonathan       Hsy slides intothe watery basis of                                             language         and         metaphor.              Nancy       Nowacek narratesher epic story ofbridging Buttermilk Channel.Jeffrey Jerome Cohen                           and         Allan Mitchell                  exchange         dispatches                                    about         the         ocean                                             from         opposite         sidesof a continent.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The second selection of nine essays opens upflooded streets to global connections.Steve Mentz and Marina Zurkow conspireon instructions for flooded cities.Jeffrey Jerome Cohen revealsthe sea’s conveying motions.Allan Mitchell plunges downinto oceanic and poetic forms.Dean Kritikos invites Jean-Paul Sartreand TimothyMorton to visithis hometown of New York City.Anne Harris values depth, uncertainty, and disaster.Julie Orlemanski explores                                                      what         it         would         take         to         move                                             from         tourism         to         activism.              Jonathan       Hsy slides intothe watery basis of                                             language         and         metaphor.              Nancy       Nowacek narratesher epic story ofbridging Buttermilk Channel.Jeffrey Jerome Cohen                           and         Allan Mitchell                  exchange         dispatches                                    about         the         ocean                                             from         opposite         sidesof a continent.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;There came over them the hosts of Portugalto destroy and to exterminate all that is called Israel, children and women in one day.”1 So wrote Isaac Aboab in the first Hebrew poem of the Americas, around 1649. Aboab composed this text in Recife, destined to become a city of Brazil but at the time capital of a fleeting entity called Nieuw-Holland. The port was under siege by the Portuguese, determined to destroy the Jewish commu-nity sheltered there. Born to Marranos fleeing religious persecution, Isaac Aboab and his family had dwelled for a while in France, practicing a reclaimed Judaism. To avoid forced return to Christianity their community migrated to Amsterdam, and then to South America, and to peril.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;There came over them the hosts of Portugalto destroy and to exterminate all that is called Israel, children and women in one day.”1 So wrote Isaac Aboab in the first Hebrew poem of the Americas, around 1649. Aboab composed this text in Recife, destined to become a city of Brazil but at the time capital of a fleeting entity called Nieuw-Holland. The port was under siege by the Portuguese, determined to destroy the Jewish commu-nity sheltered there. Born to Marranos fleeing religious persecution, Isaac Aboab and his family had dwelled for a while in France, practicing a reclaimed Judaism. To avoid forced return to Christianity their community migrated to Amsterdam, and then to South America, and to peril.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Dredging up the tangled, toxic, ruinedhistories of nearby estuaries, Silent Beaches, Untold Stories: New York City’s Forgotten Waterfront stands as a powerful rebuttal to the giddy industrial sublime of Hart Crane’s The Bridge. Crane repudiated the pessimism of Eliot’s The Waste Land, and erected an American epic in its place. But perhaps he was drowning not waving.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Dredging up the tangled, toxic, ruinedhistories of nearby estuaries, Silent Beaches, Untold Stories: New York City’s Forgotten Waterfront stands as a powerful rebuttal to the giddy industrial sublime of Hart Crane’s The Bridge. Crane repudiated the pessimism of Eliot’s The Waste Land, and erected an American epic in its place. But perhaps he was drowning not waving.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">New York, Oceanic City</TitleText>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;A dam is Nature andso is a damnskyscraper.The hues youthought were Greyare variations on a theme of Green&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;A qui appartiendra cebriz?” screechesPanurge as the tempest-tossed ship he clings to heaves and groans towards becoming a wreck.1 To whom does a shipwreck belong? It belongs to the sea: the word is a woeful concession to the mismatch between oceanic power and human hopes and goods.2 “Shipwreck” belongs to its investors: it is also the word that activates and justifies the claims of insurance, that human attempt to negotiate (with) loss. Torn between possession and dispos-session, the shipwreck manifests the struggle to account for things.3Torn asunder, the shipwreck multiplies categories of value. In asking about the reversals of fortune the ocean exacts in its shipwrecks, Panurge’s question insists on the troublesome operations of oceanic valuation: the traumatic ways in which the ocean provokes humans to value things.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;A qui appartiendra cebriz?” screechesPanurge as the tempest-tossed ship he clings to heaves and groans towards becoming a wreck.1 To whom does a shipwreck belong? It belongs to the sea: the word is a woeful concession to the mismatch between oceanic power and human hopes and goods.2 “Shipwreck” belongs to its investors: it is also the word that activates and justifies the claims of insurance, that human attempt to negotiate (with) loss. Torn between possession and dispos-session, the shipwreck manifests the struggle to account for things.3Torn asunder, the shipwreck multiplies categories of value. In asking about the reversals of fortune the ocean exacts in its shipwrecks, Panurge’s question insists on the troublesome operations of oceanic valuation: the traumatic ways in which the ocean provokes humans to value things.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Tourism, Experience, Knowledge, Action</TitleText>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;For the better part of a decade, I’ve been acoast-dweller. I spent quite a few years in Boston, historied port city, and at the time of writing I live in Los Angeles, where my weekends are in darting back and forth across the Pacific Coast Highway, between mountains and surf. But this September [2014] I’ll be moving to Chicago—a city, rumor has it, at some distance from the sea. Which is to say: I’m anticipating my imminent return to a primarily touristic mode of encountering the ocean. Soon enough, a week or two in the summertime will be my standard span for luxuriating in that oceanic feeling. But this is after all how I first encountered the Atlantic as a little girl: as vacationer and holidaymaker during annual family trips to one of the barrier islands along the North Carolina coast. Holden Beach was where, for me, the vast tidal swathe kept time on grey sands and the marshes flipped and shook their vivid grass. I was a passing visitor there, but the ocean covered a huge and permanent region of my girl-soul. All year, I would anticipate walking alone down the beach with my feet in the wavelets, telling myself new myths. And again: I was a passing and transient visitor there, but it was within a permanent infrastructure that I made my wide-eyed way: a mesh of supply-chains and util-ities, bridge-buildings and dredgings, insurance schemes and invasive species, condominiums and ice-cream parlors. How does one measure the tourist’s wonder against the things that support it? What does the tourist come to know, and what does she not?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;For the better part of a decade, I’ve been acoast-dweller. I spent quite a few years in Boston, historied port city, and at the time of writing I live in Los Angeles, where my weekends are in darting back and forth across the Pacific Coast Highway, between mountains and surf. But this September [2014] I’ll be moving to Chicago—a city, rumor has it, at some distance from the sea. Which is to say: I’m anticipating my imminent return to a primarily touristic mode of encountering the ocean. Soon enough, a week or two in the summertime will be my standard span for luxuriating in that oceanic feeling. But this is after all how I first encountered the Atlantic as a little girl: as vacationer and holidaymaker during annual family trips to one of the barrier islands along the North Carolina coast. Holden Beach was where, for me, the vast tidal swathe kept time on grey sands and the marshes flipped and shook their vivid grass. I was a passing visitor there, but the ocean covered a huge and permanent region of my girl-soul. All year, I would anticipate walking alone down the beach with my feet in the wavelets, telling myself new myths. And again: I was a passing and transient visitor there, but it was within a permanent infrastructure that I made my wide-eyed way: a mesh of supply-chains and util-ities, bridge-buildings and dredgings, insurance schemes and invasive species, condominiums and ice-cream parlors. How does one measure the tourist’s wonder against the things that support it? What does the tourist come to know, and what does she not?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;One of most compelling aspects of OceanicN e w   Yo r k was how its varied presentations aimed to explore and rethink metaphors of connectivity. The ocean is a conveyance-machine, a life-sustaining environment and agentive force in its own right, a dynamic medium/mode of transport that enacts the flow of matter, languages, and cultures. Emerging as another theme across the presentations was the idea that ocean invites us to adopt fluid modes of temporality as well. As I listened to the presentations, it became increasingly clear that thinking about the ocean requires a capacity to sustain different notions of scale concurrently. In a blog posting soon after the event Steve recalls “Nancy Nowacek’s direct statement that we must live in more than one temporal register at the same time.”1 Indeed, these presentations moved into multitemporal registers through a variety of approaches: eco-theoretical, linguistic-poetic, philosoph-ical-scientific, aesthetic-artistic, architectural-communal.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;One of most compelling aspects of OceanicN e w   Yo r k was how its varied presentations aimed to explore and rethink metaphors of connectivity. The ocean is a conveyance-machine, a life-sustaining environment and agentive force in its own right, a dynamic medium/mode of transport that enacts the flow of matter, languages, and cultures. Emerging as another theme across the presentations was the idea that ocean invites us to adopt fluid modes of temporality as well. As I listened to the presentations, it became increasingly clear that thinking about the ocean requires a capacity to sustain different notions of scale concurrently. In a blog posting soon after the event Steve recalls “Nancy Nowacek’s direct statement that we must live in more than one temporal register at the same time.”1 Indeed, these presentations moved into multitemporal registers through a variety of approaches: eco-theoretical, linguistic-poetic, philosoph-ical-scientific, aesthetic-artistic, architectural-communal.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Walt Whitman reports the Barbarossa’spassage through Buttermilk Channel. It is a large German vessel with a draft of 28 feet. He writes an article for the Brooklyn titled, “It’s really a Channel”: “A few years ago moderate sized barks had an unhappy habit, in consort with their towboats, of going aground near the Atlantic Dock gap. There was much recrimination, a good deal of hard swearing, but there was no dispute that there was a [sand]bar in Buttermilk Chan-nel.” Whitman provides an antecedent about the Channel’s name: “the title of Buttermilk Channel is derived from the days of the Revolution when a two gun battery swept the upper bay. The colonists were not over blessed with wealth or food and the farmers drove their cows across the [sand]bar that then led to Governor’s Island. When the cows missed the low tide they had to swim home and as a result their lacteal processes resulted in sour milk. Hence Buttermilk Channel.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Iam landlocked anddreaming of the sea.Born near the coast, companioned by storms and swells, I’ve grown weary of summer thundershowers, puddles, brooks that purl, the mud under gutters, water without brine. I miss the ocean’s tang, touch and din. The Atlantic has a language even cloudbursts cannot translate. Not knowing how else to capture something marine, this morning I added sea salt to a milk glass and filled it from the tap. Into my kitchen sea I dropped a stone and scallop shell. Speckled granite plaything of the waves, the rock is round like an egg. I am guessing that breakers rolled it longer than Maine’s shores have known human trace. The shell is much younger, and in a few years would have been sand. Both are stones, really: it’s just that one shows its creatureliness better. Both are intimates of pelagic tang, touch and din. I enclose with this message a dry picture. It conveys little of sense.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;These four poems end this book as theygesture toward still-unnarrated waters. The poems ask what bodies learn from their encounters with Ocean. They are part of a larger project that explores swimming as an aesthetic practice for our age of ecological catastrophe.The poems respond to this photograph by Vanessa Daws, a Dublin-based visual artist. The image was taken during “Lambay Swim,” a collaborative journey made by the swimmers of Low Rock on 17th June 2014.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This volume comprises a three-fold object, Book and Ocean and New York City.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;If this Book were Ocean, how would it feel between your fingers? Wet and slippery, just a bit warmer or colder than the air around it, since the Ocean is our planet’s greatest reservoir of heat, a sloshing insulator and incubator girdling our globe. If its pages were New York City, how would they abrade your imagination? Human and teeming, endlessly humming along with that same old tune. Imagine that these three things were one thing. All together: Book and Ocean and New York City. During the long historical pause between the day the last sailing ship docked at South Street and that day in October 2012 when Hurricane Sandy brought the waves back in fury, New York turned its back on the sea. This Book remembers that the City was founded on Ocean, peopled by its currents, grew rich on its traffic. The storm taught what we should never have forgotten: under New York’s asphalt lies not beach but Ocean.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This volume comprises a three-fold object, Book and Ocean and New York City.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;If this Book were Ocean, how would it feel between your fingers? Wet and slippery, just a bit warmer or colder than the air around it, since the Ocean is our planet’s greatest reservoir of heat, a sloshing insulator and incubator girdling our globe. If its pages were New York City, how would they abrade your imagination? Human and teeming, endlessly humming along with that same old tune. Imagine that these three things were one thing. All together: Book and Ocean and New York City. During the long historical pause between the day the last sailing ship docked at South Street and that day in October 2012 when Hurricane Sandy brought the waves back in fury, New York turned its back on the sea. This Book remembers that the City was founded on Ocean, peopled by its currents, grew rich on its traffic. The storm taught what we should never have forgotten: under New York’s asphalt lies not beach but Ocean.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In the fall of 2013 I curated an exhibition forSt. John’s University: Silent Beaches, Untold Stories: New York City’s Forgotten Waterfront. The Silent Beachesproject initially grew out of the startling realization that I, a second generation New Yorker, had scant knowledge and scantier experience of our city’s 600-plus miles of coastline. I resolved to get out there, and began a series of excursions spaning the next three years. I drove and walked and some-times found I couldn’t even get close to the water—huge power plants, fenced off brown-fields, private property guarded by vicious dogs were often in my way. But what I did see was astonishing: beautiful, hideous, sad, and just weird. Every plant, every used needle, every wreck, every proud neighbor told the briny story of Oceanic New York.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In the fall of 2013 I curated an exhibition forSt. John’s University: Silent Beaches, Untold Stories: New York City’s Forgotten Waterfront. The Silent Beachesproject initially grew out of the startling realization that I, a second generation New Yorker, had scant knowledge and scantier experience of our city’s 600-plus miles of coastline. I resolved to get out there, and began a series of excursions spaning the next three years. I drove and walked and some-times found I couldn’t even get close to the water—huge power plants, fenced off brown-fields, private property guarded by vicious dogs were often in my way. But what I did see was astonishing: beautiful, hideous, sad, and just weird. Every plant, every used needle, every wreck, every proud neighbor told the briny story of Oceanic New York.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">"Miss Newtown Creek"</TitleText>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Reflecting on Elizabeth Albert’s remarkableexhibit, Silent Beaches, Untold Stories, documenting the history of New York City’s waterways, I’ve been ruminating on the problem of making art out of man-made destruction. The collection is a stunning assembly of images that document the environmental consequences of New York’s commercial development over the past 200 years: vagrant workers sorting trash for barges, mountains of husked oyster shells harvested from Staten Island, and the relics of abandoned factories on the poisoned waters of the Gowanus and Newtown Creeks. It is a stunning and educational glimpse into New York’s history and the strange lives and grotesque deaths that occurred on its desecrated aquatic margins. The years of research that went into Albert’s show have been refined to give any casual observer a haunting knowledge of New York City’s indus-trial past.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Reflecting on Elizabeth Albert’s remarkableexhibit, Silent Beaches, Untold Stories, documenting the history of New York City’s waterways, I’ve been ruminating on the problem of making art out of man-made destruction. The collection is a stunning assembly of images that document the environmental consequences of New York’s commercial development over the past 200 years: vagrant workers sorting trash for barges, mountains of husked oyster shells harvested from Staten Island, and the relics of abandoned factories on the poisoned waters of the Gowanus and Newtown Creeks. It is a stunning and educational glimpse into New York’s history and the strange lives and grotesque deaths that occurred on its desecrated aquatic margins. The years of research that went into Albert’s show have been refined to give any casual observer a haunting knowledge of New York City’s indus-trial past.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Arctic-Oceanic New York</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Lowell Duckert</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>West Virginia University</Affiliation>
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            <Affiliation>University of Delaware</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In the summer of 1609, under orders from theDutch East India Company to venture north by northeast towards the Russian archipelago of Novaya Zemlya, the English navigator Henry Hudson erred: thwarted by icepack, and unwilling to return so soon to his Dutch patrons, he sailed west instead, journeying down the North American coast that his friend John Smith had described to him. Entering what we now know as New York Harbor in September 1609, he sailed up a river called the North River, a waterway that Italian explorer Giovanni da Verrazano sighted in 1524 but never In the summer of 1609, under orders from theDutch East India Company to venture north by northeast towards the Russian archipelago of Novaya Zemlya, the English navigator Henry Hudson erred: thwarted by icepack, and unwilling to return so soon to his Dutch patrons, he sailed west instead, journeying down the North American coast that his friend John Smith had described to him. Entering what we now know as New York Harbor in September 1609, he sailed up a river called the North River, a waterway that Italian explorer Giovanni da Verrazano sighted in 1524 but never.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In the summer of 1609, under orders from theDutch East India Company to venture north by northeast towards the Russian archipelago of Novaya Zemlya, the English navigator Henry Hudson erred: thwarted by icepack, and unwilling to return so soon to his Dutch patrons, he sailed west instead, journeying down the North American coast that his friend John Smith had described to him. Entering what we now know as New York Harbor in September 1609, he sailed up a river called the North River, a waterway that Italian explorer Giovanni da Verrazano sighted in 1524 but never In the summer of 1609, under orders from theDutch East India Company to venture north by northeast towards the Russian archipelago of Novaya Zemlya, the English navigator Henry Hudson erred: thwarted by icepack, and unwilling to return so soon to his Dutch patrons, he sailed west instead, journeying down the North American coast that his friend John Smith had described to him. Entering what we now know as New York Harbor in September 1609, he sailed up a river called the North River, a waterway that Italian explorer Giovanni da Verrazano sighted in 1524 but never.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">#bottlesNbones</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">tales of oceanic remains</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Jamie Skye Bianco</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;To begin, we could talk about silica, silicates.Sand and glass. Collectible. Recyclable. Except whenthey are not. I’ll come back around this at the end.Snake and tail.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;To begin, we could talk about silica, silicates.Sand and glass. Collectible. Recyclable. Except whenthey are not. I’ll come back around this at the end.Snake and tail.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Groundswell</TitleText>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;From the audience of Oceanic New York, Imarveled at the play of art, history, and maritime and urban discovery, of erudition, imagination, and good-will. “O beauty, o handsomeness, goodness!”2 How could a coalition of activists, architects, artists, and scholars—rocks, grasses, and oysters—effluvia, flotsam, and concrete—not succeed in shoring up brighter hopes for the city?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;From the audience of Oceanic New York, Imarveled at the play of art, history, and maritime and urban discovery, of erudition, imagination, and good-will. “O beauty, o handsomeness, goodness!”2 How could a coalition of activists, architects, artists, and scholars—rocks, grasses, and oysters—effluvia, flotsam, and concrete—not succeed in shoring up brighter hopes for the city?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Kinney, Alison </PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">City in the Sea</TitleText>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;I was born and raised in Long Beach, New York,whose motto in Latin, “Civitas ad Mare,” means “City by the Sea.” More commonly printed on tee-shirts, coffee cups, and door mats, however, is a kind of second unoffi-cial motto: “Life’s a Beach.” While I realize this phrase is not particular to the trinkets of my hometown’s novelty shops, I have begun to wonder about the appropriateness of these words to certain aspects of life here, considering the recent history of Long Beach. Two consecutive years, 2011 and 2012, our shores, as well as those of nearby beaches, were battered by hurricanes Irene and Sandy. “Life’s a Beach” seems to be adapting new possibilities for interpretation, as storm events become more frequent and severe.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;I was born and raised in Long Beach, New York,whose motto in Latin, “Civitas ad Mare,” means “City by the Sea.” More commonly printed on tee-shirts, coffee cups, and door mats, however, is a kind of second unoffi-cial motto: “Life’s a Beach.” While I realize this phrase is not particular to the trinkets of my hometown’s novelty shops, I have begun to wonder about the appropriateness of these words to certain aspects of life here, considering the recent history of Long Beach. Two consecutive years, 2011 and 2012, our shores, as well as those of nearby beaches, were battered by hurricanes Irene and Sandy. “Life’s a Beach” seems to be adapting new possibilities for interpretation, as storm events become more frequent and severe.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Insensate Oysters and Our Nonconsensual Existence</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Karl Steel</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>Brooklyn College</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The earliest version of this paper, deliveredat the Oceanic New York symposium, tried to change the way people normally write about oysters. Oyster books love to talk about pearls and Chesapeake Bay’s oyster war; they love how oyster middens chart the passage not of cavemen but of “covemen,” who followed the beds of oysters around coasts in a kind of gustatory cartogra-phy.2 These same writers happily accept the oyster’s fleshy invitation to aphrodisiacal excess. And when they look to New York City, they love to mourn the loss of its oyster beds, closed by pollution and over-harvesting, perhaps for good, in 1927, once home to trillions of the creatures, a seedbed for nostalgia for the grittier appetites of New York’s presumably populist past.3 I asked us to remember the oyster itself by remembering its shell, calcium carbon-ate, particularly important now to offset the increasing acidification of the oceans; likewise, I asked that we appreciate how prodigiously a living oyster filters water. What they ingest and don’t eat, oysters eject as pseudofeces, which, coated in mucous, fall to the ocean floor to be processed by anoxic bacteria. The cleaner, deacidified water oysters leave behind is what just about everything else needs to live. I wanted us to look to projects to use bring oysters back to New York, like the architect Kate Orff ’s call for “oystertecture,” an “invertebrate architecture” to help abate the force of hurricanes, to keep New York City safe from our future’s inevitable Sandies.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The earliest version of this paper, deliveredat the Oceanic New York symposium, tried to change the way people normally write about oysters. Oyster books love to talk about pearls and Chesapeake Bay’s oyster war; they love how oyster middens chart the passage not of cavemen but of “covemen,” who followed the beds of oysters around coasts in a kind of gustatory cartogra-phy.2 These same writers happily accept the oyster’s fleshy invitation to aphrodisiacal excess. And when they look to New York City, they love to mourn the loss of its oyster beds, closed by pollution and over-harvesting, perhaps for good, in 1927, once home to trillions of the creatures, a seedbed for nostalgia for the grittier appetites of New York’s presumably populist past.3 I asked us to remember the oyster itself by remembering its shell, calcium carbon-ate, particularly important now to offset the increasing acidification of the oceans; likewise, I asked that we appreciate how prodigiously a living oyster filters water. What they ingest and don’t eat, oysters eject as pseudofeces, which, coated in mucous, fall to the ocean floor to be processed by anoxic bacteria. The cleaner, deacidified water oysters leave behind is what just about everything else needs to live. I wanted us to look to projects to use bring oysters back to New York, like the architect Kate Orff ’s call for “oystertecture,” an “invertebrate architecture” to help abate the force of hurricanes, to keep New York City safe from our future’s inevitable Sandies.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <PersonName>Matt Zazzarino</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>Emerson College</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Once, when my family was still living inQueens and I was still counting my age with the fingers on one hand, an older cousin gave me a stack of unwanted Sega Genesis games at a Christmas Eve party. Ten or twelve games total, but the only one that mattered was the boxless promotional copy of Sonic the Hedgehog at the top of the pile. At the time, I couldn’t get enough of Sonic, Sega’s “edgy” new mascot, their answer to Nintendo’s Mario—I read the monthly comic books, I watched both animated series, I had coloring books and pajamas and action figures, and of course, I played the video games. But there were other kids at the party that night whose parents were depending on the Sega to keep occupied, and although I didn’t understand how anyone could tire of watching me ace zone after zone of Sonic, majority rule won out and we started making our way through the other games I’d been given: Ninja Turtles was fun, but repetitive; none of us could navigate the playbook in Madden 94; making sense of Toejam &amp;amp; Earl required access to certain psychotropic drugs, the existence of which we were still too innocent to know.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Once, when my family was still living inQueens and I was still counting my age with the fingers on one hand, an older cousin gave me a stack of unwanted Sega Genesis games at a Christmas Eve party. Ten or twelve games total, but the only one that mattered was the boxless promotional copy of Sonic the Hedgehog at the top of the pile. At the time, I couldn’t get enough of Sonic, Sega’s “edgy” new mascot, their answer to Nintendo’s Mario—I read the monthly comic books, I watched both animated series, I had coloring books and pajamas and action figures, and of course, I played the video games. But there were other kids at the party that night whose parents were depending on the Sega to keep occupied, and although I didn’t understand how anyone could tire of watching me ace zone after zone of Sonic, majority rule won out and we started making our way through the other games I’d been given: Ninja Turtles was fun, but repetitive; none of us could navigate the playbook in Madden 94; making sense of Toejam &amp;amp; Earl required access to certain psychotropic drugs, the existence of which we were still too innocent to know.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Going back to a river’s beginning is not topinpoint its source—it is to begin (again). Time may flow, but a river always escapes the trappings of chronology. Riparian time emphasizes riptides, eddies, and turbulent zones over lines, origins, and laminar points.(All we know are these confluences: Skype chats and emails; poetry and bridge sections; rivers and tides; bendable and multipliable time. Data streams, hover-craft, “Hudson,” Muhheakantuck.)How do we understand a body of water without our own—in it, with it, through it? What will be the stuff of this day’s bridges—of space, time, conversation, question and experi-ence— enlisted to build tomorrow’s? Does the water outside my window know that I’m watching it, wondering where it will go next? Will it love as it is loved?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Going back to a river’s beginning is not topinpoint its source—it is to begin (again). Time may flow, but a river always escapes the trappings of chronology. Riparian time emphasizes riptides, eddies, and turbulent zones over lines, origins, and laminar points.(All we know are these confluences: Skype chats and emails; poetry and bridge sections; rivers and tides; bendable and multipliable time. Data streams, hover-craft, “Hudson,” Muhheakantuck.)How do we understand a body of water without our own—in it, with it, through it? What will be the stuff of this day’s bridges—of space, time, conversation, question and experi-ence— enlisted to build tomorrow’s? Does the water outside my window know that I’m watching it, wondering where it will go next? Will it love as it is loved?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This fragment has two parts. The first splashesthrough the Hudson River one early morning in September 2013. The second took place that same fall, on the Monday before Thanksgiving, inside the canal of my left ear.In diving into the “wages” of water I’m not suggesting that the world ocean owes us anything. Nor really the opposite, that we owe the great waters a globe without plas-tic, or with less carbon, much as I love such fanciful ideas. (To clarify: we are heading for a lower-carbon future. The question is whether we’ll burn all the coal and oil in the ground before we get there. That’s what will determine the shape of our catastrophic future.) The wages I’m talking in this case about are personal. Not an ocean inside, though part of this story takes place inside my body. What I’m writing about is salt on skin, the feel and pressure of the world ocean on a fragile individual body, in this case mine. How does it feel, I ask, to touch the hyperobject?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This fragment has two parts. The first splashesthrough the Hudson River one early morning in September 2013. The second took place that same fall, on the Monday before Thanksgiving, inside the canal of my left ear.In diving into the “wages” of water I’m not suggesting that the world ocean owes us anything. Nor really the opposite, that we owe the great waters a globe without plas-tic, or with less carbon, much as I love such fanciful ideas. (To clarify: we are heading for a lower-carbon future. The question is whether we’ll burn all the coal and oil in the ground before we get there. That’s what will determine the shape of our catastrophic future.) The wages I’m talking in this case about are personal. Not an ocean inside, though part of this story takes place inside my body. What I’m writing about is salt on skin, the feel and pressure of the world ocean on a fragile individual body, in this case mine. How does it feel, I ask, to touch the hyperobject?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The second selection of nine essays opens upflooded streets to global connections.Steve Mentz and Marina Zurkow conspireon instructions for flooded cities.Jeffrey Jerome Cohen revealsthe sea’s conveying motions.Allan Mitchell plunges downinto oceanic and poetic forms.Dean Kritikos invites Jean-Paul Sartreand TimothyMorton to visithis hometown of New York City.Anne Harris values depth, uncertainty, and disaster.Julie Orlemanski explores                                                      what         it         would         take         to         move                                             from         tourism         to         activism.              Jonathan       Hsy slides intothe watery basis of                                             language         and         metaphor.              Nancy       Nowacek narratesher epic story ofbridging Buttermilk Channel.Jeffrey Jerome Cohen                           and         Allan Mitchell                  exchange         dispatches                                    about         the         ocean                                             from         opposite         sidesof a continent.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The second selection of nine essays opens upflooded streets to global connections.Steve Mentz and Marina Zurkow conspireon instructions for flooded cities.Jeffrey Jerome Cohen revealsthe sea’s conveying motions.Allan Mitchell plunges downinto oceanic and poetic forms.Dean Kritikos invites Jean-Paul Sartreand TimothyMorton to visithis hometown of New York City.Anne Harris values depth, uncertainty, and disaster.Julie Orlemanski explores                                                      what         it         would         take         to         move                                             from         tourism         to         activism.              Jonathan       Hsy slides intothe watery basis of                                             language         and         metaphor.              Nancy       Nowacek narratesher epic story ofbridging Buttermilk Channel.Jeffrey Jerome Cohen                           and         Allan Mitchell                  exchange         dispatches                                    about         the         ocean                                             from         opposite         sidesof a continent.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;There came over them the hosts of Portugalto destroy and to exterminate all that is called Israel, children and women in one day.”1 So wrote Isaac Aboab in the first Hebrew poem of the Americas, around 1649. Aboab composed this text in Recife, destined to become a city of Brazil but at the time capital of a fleeting entity called Nieuw-Holland. The port was under siege by the Portuguese, determined to destroy the Jewish commu-nity sheltered there. Born to Marranos fleeing religious persecution, Isaac Aboab and his family had dwelled for a while in France, practicing a reclaimed Judaism. To avoid forced return to Christianity their community migrated to Amsterdam, and then to South America, and to peril.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;There came over them the hosts of Portugalto destroy and to exterminate all that is called Israel, children and women in one day.”1 So wrote Isaac Aboab in the first Hebrew poem of the Americas, around 1649. Aboab composed this text in Recife, destined to become a city of Brazil but at the time capital of a fleeting entity called Nieuw-Holland. The port was under siege by the Portuguese, determined to destroy the Jewish commu-nity sheltered there. Born to Marranos fleeing religious persecution, Isaac Aboab and his family had dwelled for a while in France, practicing a reclaimed Judaism. To avoid forced return to Christianity their community migrated to Amsterdam, and then to South America, and to peril.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Dredging up the tangled, toxic, ruinedhistories of nearby estuaries, Silent Beaches, Untold Stories: New York City’s Forgotten Waterfront stands as a powerful rebuttal to the giddy industrial sublime of Hart Crane’s The Bridge. Crane repudiated the pessimism of Eliot’s The Waste Land, and erected an American epic in its place. But perhaps he was drowning not waving.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Dredging up the tangled, toxic, ruinedhistories of nearby estuaries, Silent Beaches, Untold Stories: New York City’s Forgotten Waterfront stands as a powerful rebuttal to the giddy industrial sublime of Hart Crane’s The Bridge. Crane repudiated the pessimism of Eliot’s The Waste Land, and erected an American epic in its place. But perhaps he was drowning not waving.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;A dam is Nature andso is a damnskyscraper.The hues youthought were Greyare variations on a theme of Green&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Oceanic Valuation</TitleText>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;A qui appartiendra cebriz?” screechesPanurge as the tempest-tossed ship he clings to heaves and groans towards becoming a wreck.1 To whom does a shipwreck belong? It belongs to the sea: the word is a woeful concession to the mismatch between oceanic power and human hopes and goods.2 “Shipwreck” belongs to its investors: it is also the word that activates and justifies the claims of insurance, that human attempt to negotiate (with) loss. Torn between possession and dispos-session, the shipwreck manifests the struggle to account for things.3Torn asunder, the shipwreck multiplies categories of value. In asking about the reversals of fortune the ocean exacts in its shipwrecks, Panurge’s question insists on the troublesome operations of oceanic valuation: the traumatic ways in which the ocean provokes humans to value things.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;A qui appartiendra cebriz?” screechesPanurge as the tempest-tossed ship he clings to heaves and groans towards becoming a wreck.1 To whom does a shipwreck belong? It belongs to the sea: the word is a woeful concession to the mismatch between oceanic power and human hopes and goods.2 “Shipwreck” belongs to its investors: it is also the word that activates and justifies the claims of insurance, that human attempt to negotiate (with) loss. Torn between possession and dispos-session, the shipwreck manifests the struggle to account for things.3Torn asunder, the shipwreck multiplies categories of value. In asking about the reversals of fortune the ocean exacts in its shipwrecks, Panurge’s question insists on the troublesome operations of oceanic valuation: the traumatic ways in which the ocean provokes humans to value things.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Tourism, Experience, Knowledge, Action</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Julie Orlemanski</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;For the better part of a decade, I’ve been acoast-dweller. I spent quite a few years in Boston, historied port city, and at the time of writing I live in Los Angeles, where my weekends are in darting back and forth across the Pacific Coast Highway, between mountains and surf. But this September [2014] I’ll be moving to Chicago—a city, rumor has it, at some distance from the sea. Which is to say: I’m anticipating my imminent return to a primarily touristic mode of encountering the ocean. Soon enough, a week or two in the summertime will be my standard span for luxuriating in that oceanic feeling. But this is after all how I first encountered the Atlantic as a little girl: as vacationer and holidaymaker during annual family trips to one of the barrier islands along the North Carolina coast. Holden Beach was where, for me, the vast tidal swathe kept time on grey sands and the marshes flipped and shook their vivid grass. I was a passing visitor there, but the ocean covered a huge and permanent region of my girl-soul. All year, I would anticipate walking alone down the beach with my feet in the wavelets, telling myself new myths. And again: I was a passing and transient visitor there, but it was within a permanent infrastructure that I made my wide-eyed way: a mesh of supply-chains and util-ities, bridge-buildings and dredgings, insurance schemes and invasive species, condominiums and ice-cream parlors. How does one measure the tourist’s wonder against the things that support it? What does the tourist come to know, and what does she not?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;For the better part of a decade, I’ve been acoast-dweller. I spent quite a few years in Boston, historied port city, and at the time of writing I live in Los Angeles, where my weekends are in darting back and forth across the Pacific Coast Highway, between mountains and surf. But this September [2014] I’ll be moving to Chicago—a city, rumor has it, at some distance from the sea. Which is to say: I’m anticipating my imminent return to a primarily touristic mode of encountering the ocean. Soon enough, a week or two in the summertime will be my standard span for luxuriating in that oceanic feeling. But this is after all how I first encountered the Atlantic as a little girl: as vacationer and holidaymaker during annual family trips to one of the barrier islands along the North Carolina coast. Holden Beach was where, for me, the vast tidal swathe kept time on grey sands and the marshes flipped and shook their vivid grass. I was a passing visitor there, but the ocean covered a huge and permanent region of my girl-soul. All year, I would anticipate walking alone down the beach with my feet in the wavelets, telling myself new myths. And again: I was a passing and transient visitor there, but it was within a permanent infrastructure that I made my wide-eyed way: a mesh of supply-chains and util-ities, bridge-buildings and dredgings, insurance schemes and invasive species, condominiums and ice-cream parlors. How does one measure the tourist’s wonder against the things that support it? What does the tourist come to know, and what does she not?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;One of most compelling aspects of OceanicN e w   Yo r k was how its varied presentations aimed to explore and rethink metaphors of connectivity. The ocean is a conveyance-machine, a life-sustaining environment and agentive force in its own right, a dynamic medium/mode of transport that enacts the flow of matter, languages, and cultures. Emerging as another theme across the presentations was the idea that ocean invites us to adopt fluid modes of temporality as well. As I listened to the presentations, it became increasingly clear that thinking about the ocean requires a capacity to sustain different notions of scale concurrently. In a blog posting soon after the event Steve recalls “Nancy Nowacek’s direct statement that we must live in more than one temporal register at the same time.”1 Indeed, these presentations moved into multitemporal registers through a variety of approaches: eco-theoretical, linguistic-poetic, philosoph-ical-scientific, aesthetic-artistic, architectural-communal.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;One of most compelling aspects of OceanicN e w   Yo r k was how its varied presentations aimed to explore and rethink metaphors of connectivity. The ocean is a conveyance-machine, a life-sustaining environment and agentive force in its own right, a dynamic medium/mode of transport that enacts the flow of matter, languages, and cultures. Emerging as another theme across the presentations was the idea that ocean invites us to adopt fluid modes of temporality as well. As I listened to the presentations, it became increasingly clear that thinking about the ocean requires a capacity to sustain different notions of scale concurrently. In a blog posting soon after the event Steve recalls “Nancy Nowacek’s direct statement that we must live in more than one temporal register at the same time.”1 Indeed, these presentations moved into multitemporal registers through a variety of approaches: eco-theoretical, linguistic-poetic, philosoph-ical-scientific, aesthetic-artistic, architectural-communal.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Building a Bridge by Hand to Cross Buttermilk Channel on Foot</TitleText>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Walt Whitman reports the Barbarossa’spassage through Buttermilk Channel. It is a large German vessel with a draft of 28 feet. He writes an article for the Brooklyn titled, “It’s really a Channel”: “A few years ago moderate sized barks had an unhappy habit, in consort with their towboats, of going aground near the Atlantic Dock gap. There was much recrimination, a good deal of hard swearing, but there was no dispute that there was a [sand]bar in Buttermilk Chan-nel.” Whitman provides an antecedent about the Channel’s name: “the title of Buttermilk Channel is derived from the days of the Revolution when a two gun battery swept the upper bay. The colonists were not over blessed with wealth or food and the farmers drove their cows across the [sand]bar that then led to Governor’s Island. When the cows missed the low tide they had to swim home and as a result their lacteal processes resulted in sour milk. Hence Buttermilk Channel.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Walt Whitman reports the Barbarossa’spassage through Buttermilk Channel. It is a large German vessel with a draft of 28 feet. He writes an article for the Brooklyn titled, “It’s really a Channel”: “A few years ago moderate sized barks had an unhappy habit, in consort with their towboats, of going aground near the Atlantic Dock gap. There was much recrimination, a good deal of hard swearing, but there was no dispute that there was a [sand]bar in Buttermilk Chan-nel.” Whitman provides an antecedent about the Channel’s name: “the title of Buttermilk Channel is derived from the days of the Revolution when a two gun battery swept the upper bay. The colonists were not over blessed with wealth or food and the farmers drove their cows across the [sand]bar that then led to Governor’s Island. When the cows missed the low tide they had to swim home and as a result their lacteal processes resulted in sour milk. Hence Buttermilk Channel.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Oceanic Dispatches</TitleText>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Iam landlocked anddreaming of the sea.Born near the coast, companioned by storms and swells, I’ve grown weary of summer thundershowers, puddles, brooks that purl, the mud under gutters, water without brine. I miss the ocean’s tang, touch and din. The Atlantic has a language even cloudbursts cannot translate. Not knowing how else to capture something marine, this morning I added sea salt to a milk glass and filled it from the tap. Into my kitchen sea I dropped a stone and scallop shell. Speckled granite plaything of the waves, the rock is round like an egg. I am guessing that breakers rolled it longer than Maine’s shores have known human trace. The shell is much younger, and in a few years would have been sand. Both are stones, really: it’s just that one shows its creatureliness better. Both are intimates of pelagic tang, touch and din. I enclose with this message a dry picture. It conveys little of sense.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Iam landlocked anddreaming of the sea.Born near the coast, companioned by storms and swells, I’ve grown weary of summer thundershowers, puddles, brooks that purl, the mud under gutters, water without brine. I miss the ocean’s tang, touch and din. The Atlantic has a language even cloudbursts cannot translate. Not knowing how else to capture something marine, this morning I added sea salt to a milk glass and filled it from the tap. Into my kitchen sea I dropped a stone and scallop shell. Speckled granite plaything of the waves, the rock is round like an egg. I am guessing that breakers rolled it longer than Maine’s shores have known human trace. The shell is much younger, and in a few years would have been sand. Both are stones, really: it’s just that one shows its creatureliness better. Both are intimates of pelagic tang, touch and din. I enclose with this message a dry picture. It conveys little of sense.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;These four poems end this book as theygesture toward still-unnarrated waters. The poems ask what bodies learn from their encounters with Ocean. They are part of a larger project that explores swimming as an aesthetic practice for our age of ecological catastrophe.The poems respond to this photograph by Vanessa Daws, a Dublin-based visual artist. The image was taken during “Lambay Swim,” a collaborative journey made by the swimmers of Low Rock on 17th June 2014.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;These four poems end this book as theygesture toward still-unnarrated waters. The poems ask what bodies learn from their encounters with Ocean. They are part of a larger project that explores swimming as an aesthetic practice for our age of ecological catastrophe.The poems respond to this photograph by Vanessa Daws, a Dublin-based visual artist. The image was taken during “Lambay Swim,” a collaborative journey made by the swimmers of Low Rock on 17th June 2014.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;On Blinking opens a dossier on seeing. It looks not only to the epistemological sense of what it means to see or the hermeneutical sense of what is the meaning of that which is seen but attends to various sites of knowledge – photography, literature, and philosophy. And in doing so, it questions the privileging of presence and sight in Western thought. Thus, this book, through the essays – “Emerging Sight, Emerging Blindness” (Brian Willems); “Augen, Blicke, Stätten” (Julia Hölzl); “At the Risk of Love” (Jeremy Fernando); and “Suspended in a Moving Night: Photography, or the Shiny Relation Self-World” (Jessica Aliaga Lavrijsen) – attempts to address the question what is seeing.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;On Blinking opens a dossier on seeing. It looks not only to the epistemological sense of what it means to see or the hermeneutical sense of what is the meaning of that which is seen but attends to various sites of knowledge – photography, literature, and philosophy. And in doing so, it questions the privileging of presence and sight in Western thought. Thus, this book, through the essays – “Emerging Sight, Emerging Blindness” (Brian Willems); “Augen, Blicke, Stätten” (Julia Hölzl); “At the Risk of Love” (Jeremy Fernando); and “Suspended in a Moving Night: Photography, or the Shiny Relation Self-World” (Jessica Aliaga Lavrijsen) – attempts to address the question what is seeing.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;A blindness dwells in each beginning, for in the beginning there is darkness, no(t) origin: “Between origin and beginning [...] there are dark relations [...]; between the two there is an interval, and even an uncertainty.”A  blindness  dwells  in  each  origin,  for  there is no original origin; the origin is to be originated, always; such is its begin-ning. Every beginning, then, is to origi-nate such origination, and there is no end to it: every beginning is a(s) beginning.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;A blindness dwells in each beginning, for in the beginning there is darkness, no(t) origin: “Between origin and beginning [...] there are dark relations [...]; between the two there is an interval, and even an uncertainty.”A  blindness  dwells  in  each  origin,  for  there is no original origin; the origin is to be originated, always; such is its begin-ning. Every beginning, then, is to origi-nate such origination, and there is no end to it: every beginning is a(s) beginning.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">At the Risk of Love or, on Reading &amp; Touching in 3 1/2 Blinks</TitleText>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;That is the question that we will be attempting to address. And once the dossier of reading is opened, the question of what is it that one is reading?, that is, what is the object of reading, is  never  far  behind.  Since  there  is  an  object,  one  must  also  take into account the question of the objective of reading – of not only whether there is an aim, but also whether this aim is reached, whether it can be reached, which opens the notion of calculability, accountability, accounting. And one should not be mistaken: one will always be held accountable. Who ever said that reading was safe.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;That is the question that we will be attempting to address. And once the dossier of reading is opened, the question of what is it that one is reading?, that is, what is the object of reading, is  never  far  behind.  Since  there  is  an  object,  one  must  also  take into account the question of the objective of reading – of not only whether there is an aim, but also whether this aim is reached, whether it can be reached, which opens the notion of calculability, accountability, accounting. And one should not be mistaken: one will always be held accountable. Who ever said that reading was safe.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Framed seeing – photography – shows an ambiguous nature, as it is window to the world, shop window for desire, and van-ity mirror for the self. The human action in seeing, in the gaze, and in our desire for capturing an instant that is nevertheless already lost, unveils photography as a mutable surface where the complex relation of self–other develops. The surface, which separates and unites subject and object, allows a dynamic rela-tion between realities and perceptions. It is precisely in the in-betweenness of the ontological and epistemological break-ing, in the suspension “in the moving night,” that approximation and intimacy can take place.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Framed seeing – photography – shows an ambiguous nature, as it is window to the world, shop window for desire, and van-ity mirror for the self. The human action in seeing, in the gaze, and in our desire for capturing an instant that is nevertheless already lost, unveils photography as a mutable surface where the complex relation of self–other develops. The surface, which separates and unites subject and object, allows a dynamic rela-tion between realities and perceptions. It is precisely in the in-betweenness of the ontological and epistemological break-ing, in the suspension “in the moving night,” that approximation and intimacy can take place.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This essay covers two main topics: the role of the “double vi-sion” of the sight/nonsight of blinking in selected fiction of Neil Gaiman and China Miéville, and an examination of the role of blindness and sight surrounding “Molyneux’s question.” In Gaiman’s work “double vision” functions as a synchronic representation  of  diachronic  events.  This  representation  is  important because it makes fleeting change visible. However, China Miéville’s novel Perdido Street Station provides an im-plicit critique of this “double-vision” by re-locating moments of movement within the experience Gaiman describes. The importance of the role of blinking in a discussion of vision and the blind brings forth a question of the ability to see dark-ness itself. While a number of historical and contemporary thinkers are engaged with in this trajectory, it is the burgeon-ing field of speculative realism (Latour; Meillassoux; Harman) that provides a lodestone. It is here that the immanence of the thought of Badiou (but also Deleuze, strongly brought forth in DeLanda) is centralized, meaning the manner in which the new arises from what already is, rather than from any sort of transcendental perspective. This can be seen, for example, in Quentin Meillassoux’s positing of the question of ancestrality:if all knowledge is based on the observer (relativism), then how can we know that the earth is 4.5 billion years old, when there were no observes on the earth to observe it for much of that time? The answer comes about through a new under-standing of the object which exists before givenness which is developed through the language of mathematics and science, although this perspective will also be seen in the scientific at-tunement of Nietzsche and others. Thus, it can be argued that the relational or relativistic position of much cultural theory and continental philosophy should be augmented if not re-placed by a theory of the object in which it will be seen that a development of a representation of the lack of relation between a subject and object (Harman’s dormant objects) can be the locus of where a more fundamental understanding of such a relation is to be found.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This essay covers two main topics: the role of the “double vi-sion” of the sight/nonsight of blinking in selected fiction of Neil Gaiman and China Miéville, and an examination of the role of blindness and sight surrounding “Molyneux’s question.” In Gaiman’s work “double vision” functions as a synchronic representation  of  diachronic  events.  This  representation  is  important because it makes fleeting change visible. However, China Miéville’s novel Perdido Street Station provides an im-plicit critique of this “double-vision” by re-locating moments of movement within the experience Gaiman describes. The importance of the role of blinking in a discussion of vision and the blind brings forth a question of the ability to see dark-ness itself. While a number of historical and contemporary thinkers are engaged with in this trajectory, it is the burgeon-ing field of speculative realism (Latour; Meillassoux; Harman) that provides a lodestone. It is here that the immanence of the thought of Badiou (but also Deleuze, strongly brought forth in DeLanda) is centralized, meaning the manner in which the new arises from what already is, rather than from any sort of transcendental perspective. This can be seen, for example, in Quentin Meillassoux’s positing of the question of ancestrality:if all knowledge is based on the observer (relativism), then how can we know that the earth is 4.5 billion years old, when there were no observes on the earth to observe it for much of that time? The answer comes about through a new under-standing of the object which exists before givenness which is developed through the language of mathematics and science, although this perspective will also be seen in the scientific at-tunement of Nietzsche and others. Thus, it can be argued that the relational or relativistic position of much cultural theory and continental philosophy should be augmented if not re-placed by a theory of the object in which it will be seen that a development of a representation of the lack of relation between a subject and object (Harman’s dormant objects) can be the locus of where a more fundamental understanding of such a relation is to be found.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;On Blinking opens a dossier on seeing. It looks not only to the epistemological sense of what it means to see or the hermeneutical sense of what is the meaning of that which is seen but attends to various sites of knowledge – photography, literature, and philosophy. And in doing so, it questions the privileging of presence and sight in Western thought. Thus, this book, through the essays – “Emerging Sight, Emerging Blindness” (Brian Willems); “Augen, Blicke, Stätten” (Julia Hölzl); “At the Risk of Love” (Jeremy Fernando); and “Suspended in a Moving Night: Photography, or the Shiny Relation Self-World” (Jessica Aliaga Lavrijsen) – attempts to address the question what is seeing.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;A blindness dwells in each beginning, for in the beginning there is darkness, no(t) origin: “Between origin and beginning [...] there are dark relations [...]; between the two there is an interval, and even an uncertainty.”A  blindness  dwells  in  each  origin,  for  there is no original origin; the origin is to be originated, always; such is its begin-ning. Every beginning, then, is to origi-nate such origination, and there is no end to it: every beginning is a(s) beginning.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">At the Risk of Love or, on Reading &amp; Touching in 3 1/2 Blinks</TitleText>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;That is the question that we will be attempting to address. And once the dossier of reading is opened, the question of what is it that one is reading?, that is, what is the object of reading, is  never  far  behind.  Since  there  is  an  object,  one  must  also  take into account the question of the objective of reading – of not only whether there is an aim, but also whether this aim is reached, whether it can be reached, which opens the notion of calculability, accountability, accounting. And one should not be mistaken: one will always be held accountable. Who ever said that reading was safe.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;That is the question that we will be attempting to address. And once the dossier of reading is opened, the question of what is it that one is reading?, that is, what is the object of reading, is  never  far  behind.  Since  there  is  an  object,  one  must  also  take into account the question of the objective of reading – of not only whether there is an aim, but also whether this aim is reached, whether it can be reached, which opens the notion of calculability, accountability, accounting. And one should not be mistaken: one will always be held accountable. Who ever said that reading was safe.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Suspended in a Moving Night</TitleText>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Framed seeing – photography – shows an ambiguous nature, as it is window to the world, shop window for desire, and van-ity mirror for the self. The human action in seeing, in the gaze, and in our desire for capturing an instant that is nevertheless already lost, unveils photography as a mutable surface where the complex relation of self–other develops. The surface, which separates and unites subject and object, allows a dynamic rela-tion between realities and perceptions. It is precisely in the in-betweenness of the ontological and epistemological break-ing, in the suspension “in the moving night,” that approximation and intimacy can take place.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Framed seeing – photography – shows an ambiguous nature, as it is window to the world, shop window for desire, and van-ity mirror for the self. The human action in seeing, in the gaze, and in our desire for capturing an instant that is nevertheless already lost, unveils photography as a mutable surface where the complex relation of self–other develops. The surface, which separates and unites subject and object, allows a dynamic rela-tion between realities and perceptions. It is precisely in the in-betweenness of the ontological and epistemological break-ing, in the suspension “in the moving night,” that approximation and intimacy can take place.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This essay covers two main topics: the role of the “double vi-sion” of the sight/nonsight of blinking in selected fiction of Neil Gaiman and China Miéville, and an examination of the role of blindness and sight surrounding “Molyneux’s question.” In Gaiman’s work “double vision” functions as a synchronic representation  of  diachronic  events.  This  representation  is  important because it makes fleeting change visible. However, China Miéville’s novel Perdido Street Station provides an im-plicit critique of this “double-vision” by re-locating moments of movement within the experience Gaiman describes. The importance of the role of blinking in a discussion of vision and the blind brings forth a question of the ability to see dark-ness itself. While a number of historical and contemporary thinkers are engaged with in this trajectory, it is the burgeon-ing field of speculative realism (Latour; Meillassoux; Harman) that provides a lodestone. It is here that the immanence of the thought of Badiou (but also Deleuze, strongly brought forth in DeLanda) is centralized, meaning the manner in which the new arises from what already is, rather than from any sort of transcendental perspective. This can be seen, for example, in Quentin Meillassoux’s positing of the question of ancestrality:if all knowledge is based on the observer (relativism), then how can we know that the earth is 4.5 billion years old, when there were no observes on the earth to observe it for much of that time? The answer comes about through a new under-standing of the object which exists before givenness which is developed through the language of mathematics and science, although this perspective will also be seen in the scientific at-tunement of Nietzsche and others. Thus, it can be argued that the relational or relativistic position of much cultural theory and continental philosophy should be augmented if not re-placed by a theory of the object in which it will be seen that a development of a representation of the lack of relation between a subject and object (Harman’s dormant objects) can be the locus of where a more fundamental understanding of such a relation is to be found.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This essay covers two main topics: the role of the “double vi-sion” of the sight/nonsight of blinking in selected fiction of Neil Gaiman and China Miéville, and an examination of the role of blindness and sight surrounding “Molyneux’s question.” In Gaiman’s work “double vision” functions as a synchronic representation  of  diachronic  events.  This  representation  is  important because it makes fleeting change visible. However, China Miéville’s novel Perdido Street Station provides an im-plicit critique of this “double-vision” by re-locating moments of movement within the experience Gaiman describes. The importance of the role of blinking in a discussion of vision and the blind brings forth a question of the ability to see dark-ness itself. While a number of historical and contemporary thinkers are engaged with in this trajectory, it is the burgeon-ing field of speculative realism (Latour; Meillassoux; Harman) that provides a lodestone. It is here that the immanence of the thought of Badiou (but also Deleuze, strongly brought forth in DeLanda) is centralized, meaning the manner in which the new arises from what already is, rather than from any sort of transcendental perspective. This can be seen, for example, in Quentin Meillassoux’s positing of the question of ancestrality:if all knowledge is based on the observer (relativism), then how can we know that the earth is 4.5 billion years old, when there were no observes on the earth to observe it for much of that time? The answer comes about through a new under-standing of the object which exists before givenness which is developed through the language of mathematics and science, although this perspective will also be seen in the scientific at-tunement of Nietzsche and others. Thus, it can be argued that the relational or relativistic position of much cultural theory and continental philosophy should be augmented if not re-placed by a theory of the object in which it will be seen that a development of a representation of the lack of relation between a subject and object (Harman’s dormant objects) can be the locus of where a more fundamental understanding of such a relation is to be found.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;When we began, we attempted to open the dossier of seeing. Not just in the epis-temological sense of what it means to see, or the hermeneutical sense of the meaning of what is seen but, more pertinently, the question what is seeing.And when we say we, one has to keep in mind the fact that this is a collaborative thinking; a thinking that was only pos-sible as others – Julia Hölzl, Jessica Aliaga&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;When we began, we attempted to open the dossier of seeing. Not just in the epis-temological sense of what it means to see, or the hermeneutical sense of the meaning of what is seen but, more pertinently, the question what is seeing.And when we say we, one has to keep in mind the fact that this is a collaborative thinking; a thinking that was only pos-sible as others – Julia Hölzl, Jessica Aliaga&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Scholarship in medieval studies of the past 20 or so years has offered some provocative experiments in, and elegant exempla of, style. Scholars such as Anne Clark Bartlett, Kathleen Biddick, Catherine Brown, Brantley Bryant, Michael Camille, Jeffrey Jerome Cohen, Carolyn Dinshaw, James Earl, L.O. Aranye Fradenburg, Roberta Frank, Amy Hollywood, Cary Howie, C. Stephen Jaeger, Eileen Joy, Anna Klosowska, Nicola Masciandaro, Peggy McCracken, Paul Strohm, David Wallace, and Paul Zumthor, among others, have blended the conventions of academic writing with those of fiction, drama, memoir, comedy, polemic, and lyricism, and/or have developed what some would describe as elegant, and arresting (and in some cases, deliciously difficult) prose styles. As these registers merge, they can produce what has been called a queer historiographical encounter (or in queer theorist Elizabeth Freeman’s terms, “an erotohistoriography”), a “poetics of intensification,” and even a “new aestheticism.” The work of these scholars has also opened up debates (some rancorous) that often install what the editors of this volume feel are false binaries between form and content, feeling and thinking, affect and rigor, poetry and history, attachment and critical distance, enjoyment and discipline, style and substance. As Anna Klosowska writes in her contribution to this volume,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The question of style, as it applies to medieval studies, is precisely the overcoming of that dichotomy between Nature and Man: a third element. And when the critique proceeds through the denunciation of the inimitability of someone’s style, as if it were the third sex, ungenerative, queer, sterile, sodomitic, lesbian, etc., the critic unconsciously puts his finger on exactly what style is; but that critic is mistaken about the style’s supposedly non-generative powers. In fact, style, neither fact nor theory but facilitating the transition between the two, is … the generative principle itself.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Scholarship in medieval studies of the past 20 or so years has offered some provocative experiments in, and elegant exempla of, style. Scholars such as Anne Clark Bartlett, Kathleen Biddick, Catherine Brown, Brantley Bryant, Michael Camille, Jeffrey Jerome Cohen, Carolyn Dinshaw, James Earl, L.O. Aranye Fradenburg, Roberta Frank, Amy Hollywood, Cary Howie, C. Stephen Jaeger, Eileen Joy, Anna Klosowska, Nicola Masciandaro, Peggy McCracken, Paul Strohm, David Wallace, and Paul Zumthor, among others, have blended the conventions of academic writing with those of fiction, drama, memoir, comedy, polemic, and lyricism, and/or have developed what some would describe as elegant, and arresting (and in some cases, deliciously difficult) prose styles. As these registers merge, they can produce what has been called a queer historiographical encounter (or in queer theorist Elizabeth Freeman’s terms, “an erotohistoriography”), a “poetics of intensification,” and even a “new aestheticism.” The work of these scholars has also opened up debates (some rancorous) that often install what the editors of this volume feel are false binaries between form and content, feeling and thinking, affect and rigor, poetry and history, attachment and critical distance, enjoyment and discipline, style and substance. As Anna Klosowska writes in her contribution to this volume,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The question of style, as it applies to medieval studies, is precisely the overcoming of that dichotomy between Nature and Man: a third element. And when the critique proceeds through the denunciation of the inimitability of someone’s style, as if it were the third sex, ungenerative, queer, sterile, sodomitic, lesbian, etc., the critic unconsciously puts his finger on exactly what style is; but that critic is mistaken about the style’s supposedly non-generative powers. In fact, style, neither fact nor theory but facilitating the transition between the two, is … the generative principle itself.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <PersonName>Joy, Eileen A.</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">On Style</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">A Reader's Guide</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Anna Kłosowska</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;When George-Louis  de  Buffon, naturalist and mathematician—calculus,   probablility,   Buffon’s needle—devoted  to  style  his 1753 acceptance  lec-ture  at the  French  Academy,  he  said  that “well-written   works   are the   only   ones   that   will   be passed on to posterity. . . . small objects [such as] knowledge,  facts  and  discoveries  are  easily  taken up,  transported,  and  even  gain  from  being  put together by more nimble hands. These things are outside  of  man,  the  style  is  the  man  himself.”1 In the  coda  to  this  volume,  Valerie  Vogrin  reminds us  that Victor  Hugo,  in  his Function  of  Beauty, fulminates  against  small  bourgeois  minds  that relegate  style  to  the  background:  “Style  is  ideas. Ideas are style. Try to tear away the word: it’s the idea that you lose. . . . Style is the essence of a sub-ject,  constantly called  to  the  surface.”2 It  seemed to us that the question of style, cognate as it is to the  question  of  the  role  of  the  humanities,  needs to  be  asked  about theory  in  medieval  studies.  In this  collection,  style is  instantiated  (we  have  as-sembled  a  breathtaking  cast)  as  well  as  thema-tized  and  theorized.  Christine  Neufeld  writes  in the  conclusion  to  her  essay  in  this  volume:  “Per-ceiving this aesthetic relation to the past does not free us from a sense of accountability to the deli-cate,  tattered  fabric  of  history  that  both  touches us  and  exceeds  our  grasp.”  In  other  words, we study  style  in  this  collection  because  it  instanti-ates and theorizes the relation we have to the past, our  subject.  These  are (again,  via  Neufeld), “the issues  the  Style  project  represents  for  medieval scholars:  how  to  contend  with  the ‘immaterial’ intensities  of  our  scholarship,  the  effects  and  af-fects  of  being  touched  by  the  past.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;When George-Louis  de  Buffon, naturalist and mathematician—calculus,   probablility,   Buffon’s needle—devoted  to  style  his 1753 acceptance  lec-ture  at the  French  Academy,  he  said  that “well-written   works   are the   only   ones   that   will   be passed on to posterity. . . . small objects [such as] knowledge,  facts  and  discoveries  are  easily  taken up,  transported,  and  even  gain  from  being  put together by more nimble hands. These things are outside  of  man,  the  style  is  the  man  himself.”1 In the  coda  to  this  volume,  Valerie  Vogrin  reminds us  that Victor  Hugo,  in  his Function  of  Beauty, fulminates  against  small  bourgeois  minds  that relegate  style  to  the  background:  “Style  is  ideas. Ideas are style. Try to tear away the word: it’s the idea that you lose. . . . Style is the essence of a sub-ject,  constantly called  to  the  surface.”2 It  seemed to us that the question of style, cognate as it is to the  question  of  the  role  of  the  humanities,  needs to  be  asked  about theory  in  medieval  studies.  In this  collection,  style is  instantiated  (we  have  as-sembled  a  breathtaking  cast)  as  well  as  thema-tized  and  theorized.  Christine  Neufeld  writes  in the  conclusion  to  her  essay  in  this  volume:  “Per-ceiving this aesthetic relation to the past does not free us from a sense of accountability to the deli-cate,  tattered  fabric  of  history  that  both  touches us  and  exceeds  our  grasp.”  In  other  words, we study  style  in  this  collection  because  it  instanti-ates and theorizes the relation we have to the past, our  subject.  These  are (again,  via  Neufeld), “the issues  the  Style  project  represents  for  medieval scholars:  how  to  contend  with  the ‘immaterial’ intensities  of  our  scholarship,  the  effects  and  af-fects  of  being  touched  by  the  past.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Without Style</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Valerie Allen</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>John Jay College of Criminal Justice</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;As  its  etymology  reminds  us,  style mediates  commun-ication and   arises   out   of   whatever   technology   of communication   characterizes   an   era.    Style   presentsitself  as  the  “how”  as  distinct  from  the  “what”  of com-municated thought,  and  the  relationship  between  the two   has   always   been marked   by   attempts to sub-ordinate form  to  content  or  vice  versa. In  the  aca-demic  disciplines,  the  substantive  (the  “what”)  tra-ditionally  takes  precedence  over  the  procedural  (the “how”). Academic style paradoxically deprivileges styleby making it subservient to substance and,  in doing so, helps construct disciplinary  boundaries,  which  differ-entiate themselves both   by subject   matter   and   by mystifying  their  processes  of  communication—that  is, their  style.  A  foregrounding  of style  in  academic  discourse,  however, lays  bare  its  own  procedures  andthereby opens  up  its  audience;  for  style—unlike  sub-stance—is all  about  audience,  about being  situated, directive,  and  intentional.  By  equalizing  style’s  footing in  the  style/substance binary,  we  achieve better aware-ness about the boundaries of our disciplines.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;As  its  etymology  reminds  us,  style mediates  commun-ication and   arises   out   of   whatever   technology   of communication   characterizes   an   era.    Style   presentsitself  as  the  “how”  as  distinct  from  the  “what”  of com-municated thought,  and  the  relationship  between  the two   has   always   been marked   by   attempts to sub-ordinate form  to  content  or  vice  versa. In  the  aca-demic  disciplines,  the  substantive  (the  “what”)  tra-ditionally  takes  precedence  over  the  procedural  (the “how”). Academic style paradoxically deprivileges styleby making it subservient to substance and,  in doing so, helps construct disciplinary  boundaries,  which  differ-entiate themselves both   by subject   matter   and   by mystifying  their  processes  of  communication—that  is, their  style.  A  foregrounding  of style  in  academic  discourse,  however, lays  bare  its  own  procedures  andthereby opens  up  its  audience;  for  style—unlike  sub-stance—is all  about  audience,  about being  situated, directive,  and  intentional.  By  equalizing  style’s  footing in  the  style/substance binary,  we  achieve better aware-ness about the boundaries of our disciplines.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Allen, Valerie</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Lacan's belles-lettres</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">On Difficulty and Beauty</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Ruth Evans</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>Saint Louis University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Ever  since  the  Sokal  affair,  humanities  scholar-ship in  some  quarters  stands  accused  of unin-telligibility, emptiness, or absurdity.1 Sure, there’s some bad theoretical writing out there. But not all of  it  is  willfully unreadable. A  familiar  set  of binaries  runs  through  and  across  these  accusa-tions:   not   only   clarity/obscurity,    but   wonder/ pessimism, aesthetics/politics,  and  affect/the  her-meneutics of suspicion. But these oppositions are far  from  being  rigidly  distributed  along  either side  of  the fault  line  dividing  the  “two  cultures.” The   turn   to   what   has   been   called   “the   new aestheticism” within literary studies, for example, involves a radical rethinking of beauty and affect, not   just   in the   way   we   read   literary   texts—including medieval ones—but in the way we write about them.2 A less familiar assumption made by the   accusers is that   the beautiful   leads   us   to truth—what    the    philosopher    Denis    Dutton describes   as “aesthetic   insight”—whereas   the unreadable is the  sign  of  a  certain  exhaustion  in the  humanities:  an  endless  self-referentiality,  a “process   of text   in/text   out."&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Ever  since  the  Sokal  affair,  humanities  scholar-ship in  some  quarters  stands  accused  of unin-telligibility, emptiness, or absurdity.1 Sure, there’s some bad theoretical writing out there. But not all of  it  is  willfully unreadable. A  familiar  set  of binaries  runs  through  and  across  these  accusa-tions:   not   only   clarity/obscurity,    but   wonder/ pessimism, aesthetics/politics,  and  affect/the  her-meneutics of suspicion. But these oppositions are far  from  being  rigidly  distributed  along  either side  of  the fault  line  dividing  the  “two  cultures.” The   turn   to   what   has   been   called   “the   new aestheticism” within literary studies, for example, involves a radical rethinking of beauty and affect, not   just   in the   way   we   read   literary   texts—including medieval ones—but in the way we write about them.2 A less familiar assumption made by the   accusers is that   the beautiful   leads   us   to truth—what    the    philosopher    Denis    Dutton describes   as “aesthetic   insight”—whereas   the unreadable is the  sign  of  a  certain  exhaustion  in the  humanities:  an  endless  self-referentiality,  a “process   of text   in/text   out."&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Style as Third Element</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Anna Kłosowska</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Medieval  studies  are  not  the  only  discipline  to seasonally    reiterate    the    distinction    between forging truth in virile debate1 versus being seduc-ed   by   style.2 It   is   Spring,   and   the   image   of besotted Philosophy  seduced  by  vain  blandish-ments, muzzled and ridden like Aristotle, is again trotted  out  with  the  sordid  intention  of  policing value.   The   distinction   between   style   and   sub-stance  is  brought  up  in  many  personal,  network, subfield,  and  disciplinary  sorting  practices  that, in a cynical moment, can be reduced to a form of policing. For instance, in history, this contest can translate  into  differentiation  between  processing archival materials versus original narratives based on  already  edited  sources. In  queer  studies, this plays  out  as history  of  ideas  versus  history  of affect,  or  documenting  same-sex  acts  versus  hy-pothesizing  same-sex  desires.  Such  distinctions are as absurd as they are persistent, and there is a dispositional  and  structural  reason  for  that,  as  I hope  to  demonstrate.  But  first,  I  want  to  point out   their   intrinsic   weakness.   To   take   the   last example,  acts  versus  desires:  in  strictly  historical terms,  same-sex  acts  and  desires  are  not  discrete, but  rather  belong  on  a  continuum.  Sticking to acts doesn’t make same-sex any more historically factual  than  talking  about  desires,   because  sex, unlike  real  estate,  is  not  traceable  in  acts—in either  sense  of  the  word:  no  one  proposes,  in  the felicitous  formulation  of  my  colleague Sven Erik Rose, to measure the amount of genital friction or the  decibel  level  of  the  cries  of  passion.  No  one, that  is,  except  the Marquis  de  Sade,  that  accoun-tant of the ass, le comptable du cul.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Medieval  studies  are  not  the  only  discipline  to seasonally    reiterate    the    distinction    between forging truth in virile debate1 versus being seduc-ed   by   style.2 It   is   Spring,   and   the   image   of besotted Philosophy  seduced  by  vain  blandish-ments, muzzled and ridden like Aristotle, is again trotted  out  with  the  sordid  intention  of  policing value.   The   distinction   between   style   and   sub-stance  is  brought  up  in  many  personal,  network, subfield,  and  disciplinary  sorting  practices  that, in a cynical moment, can be reduced to a form of policing. For instance, in history, this contest can translate  into  differentiation  between  processing archival materials versus original narratives based on  already  edited  sources. In  queer  studies, this plays  out  as history  of  ideas  versus  history  of affect,  or  documenting  same-sex  acts  versus  hy-pothesizing  same-sex  desires.  Such  distinctions are as absurd as they are persistent, and there is a dispositional  and  structural  reason  for  that,  as  I hope  to  demonstrate.  But  first,  I  want  to  point out   their   intrinsic   weakness.   To   take   the   last example,  acts  versus  desires:  in  strictly  historical terms,  same-sex  acts  and  desires  are  not  discrete, but  rather  belong  on  a  continuum.  Sticking to acts doesn’t make same-sex any more historically factual  than  talking  about  desires,   because  sex, unlike  real  estate,  is  not  traceable  in  acts—in either  sense  of  the  word:  no  one  proposes,  in  the felicitous  formulation  of  my  colleague Sven Erik Rose, to measure the amount of genital friction or the  decibel  level  of  the  cries  of  passion.  No  one, that  is,  except  the Marquis  de  Sade,  that  accoun-tant of the ass, le comptable du cul.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Daniel's Smile</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Kathleen Biddick</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>Temple University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;When  Eileen  Joy  (gadfly  extraordinaire)  invited me to join this volume, she encouraged me to get over  my  fear  of  style,  first  contracted  during  my anxious  pubescent  scrutiny  of  those  thumbnail photographs  of fashion  “don’ts”  featured  in  teenmagazines  of  the  early  1960s.  My  heart  would sink  when  I  discovered  that  some  accessory  of mine, beloved to me for its vibrant charm, was, in fact,  deemed  by  the  style editors  to  be  the  latest sign  of  abjection.  But,  voila,  after  all  these  years, here I am today discussing “style” and still work-ing through those fears.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;When  Eileen  Joy  (gadfly  extraordinaire)  invited me to join this volume, she encouraged me to get over  my  fear  of  style,  first  contracted  during  my anxious  pubescent  scrutiny  of  those  thumbnail photographs  of fashion  “don’ts”  featured  in  teenmagazines  of  the  early  1960s.  My  heart  would sink  when  I  discovered  that  some  accessory  of mine, beloved to me for its vibrant charm, was, in fact,  deemed  by  the  style editors  to  be  the  latest sign  of  abjection.  But,  voila,  after  all  these  years, here I am today discussing “style” and still work-ing through those fears.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">To Peach or Not to Peach</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Style and the Interpersonal</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Michael D. Snediker</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>University of Houston</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In  his  lyric  persuasiveness  over  Hades  and  Per-sephone, Orpheus—Pindar’s  “father  of  song”—sug-gests   an  especially  lovely  instance  of  what Kathleen Biddick  invokes  as  “master  signifier.”  The  story of  Orpheus  likewise  describes  the  break  of  La-canian  ligature.  As  dyad,  Orpheus  and  Eurydice are most heart-breaking,  not in their inseparabil-ity  but  in  that  inseparability’s  irrevocable  turn (another  form  of  Biddick’s  “swerve”)  to irrepara-ble  singleness,  the  fact  of  bereft  linkage.  And  as though   this   pathos   of   singularity   were   not enough, the Maenads rip Orpheus to pieces.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In  his  lyric  persuasiveness  over  Hades  and  Per-sephone, Orpheus—Pindar’s  “father  of  song”—sug-gests   an  especially  lovely  instance  of  what Kathleen Biddick  invokes  as  “master  signifier.”  The  story of  Orpheus  likewise  describes  the  break  of  La-canian  ligature.  As  dyad,  Orpheus  and  Eurydice are most heart-breaking,  not in their inseparabil-ity  but  in  that  inseparability’s  irrevocable  turn (another  form  of  Biddick’s  “swerve”)  to irrepara-ble  singleness,  the  fact  of  bereft  linkage.  And  as though   this   pathos   of   singularity   were   not enough, the Maenads rip Orpheus to pieces.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">The Aesthetics of Style and the Politics of Identity Formation</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Gila Aloni</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;A  real  state  of  emergency  and  catastrophe  is  not new  to  anybody  living  in  the  Middle  East,  in  the middle  of  things. Troubling  intellectual  inquiries about   “the   end”   and   what   is   “after   the   end” become real as they are embodied in a site where past,  present,   and  future  encounter  one  another, where  ends  are  beginnings  and  beginnings  are ends—Jerusalem. Many of my memories are from the Western Wall in Jerusalem,  which at the time of my childhood was believed to be only about 60 meters  long.  But  a  summer’s  visit  to  the  most recent excavations of the Western Wall’s Tunnels reveals    that  the  majority  of  the  wall  is  hidden underground;   the   tour   under   the   old   city   of Jerusalem  exposes  the  Western  Wall  in  its  full length.  The  end  of  the  open-air  Western  Wall  is actually  the  beginning.  Maybe  it  is  not  without insignificance that a wall, the sign of a barrier, an end to a space, has revealed itself as a beginning.1It  is  this  problematization  of  boundaries  that  my essay   explores   so   as   to   discuss   questions   of “ends.”  Questions  about  endings  and  “what  is after”   unravel   deeper   questions   about   psychic structures   and   our   search   as   medievalists   for identity  formation  in  a  new  world-order  where boundaries receive new meanings.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;A  real  state  of  emergency  and  catastrophe  is  not new  to  anybody  living  in  the  Middle  East,  in  the middle  of  things. Troubling  intellectual  inquiries about   “the   end”   and   what   is   “after   the   end” become real as they are embodied in a site where past,  present,   and  future  encounter  one  another, where  ends  are  beginnings  and  beginnings  are ends—Jerusalem. Many of my memories are from the Western Wall in Jerusalem,  which at the time of my childhood was believed to be only about 60 meters  long.  But  a  summer’s  visit  to  the  most recent excavations of the Western Wall’s Tunnels reveals    that  the  majority  of  the  wall  is  hidden underground;   the   tour   under   the   old   city   of Jerusalem  exposes  the  Western  Wall  in  its  full length.  The  end  of  the  open-air  Western  Wall  is actually  the  beginning.  Maybe  it  is  not  without insignificance that a wall, the sign of a barrier, an end to a space, has revealed itself as a beginning.1It  is  this  problematization  of  boundaries  that  my essay   explores   so   as   to   discuss   questions   of “ends.”  Questions  about  endings  and  “what  is after”   unravel   deeper   questions   about   psychic structures   and   our   search   as   medievalists   for identity  formation  in  a  new  world-order  where boundaries receive new meanings.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Renegade Style</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Fashion and the (Non)Modern Subject-Object in Massinger's The Renegado</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Jessica Roberts Frazier</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>George Washington University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In   Act   1,   Scene   3   of   Philip   Massinger’s The Renegado  (1624),  the  Turkish  princess  Donusabrowses   through   the   goods   on   display   at   the Tunisian  market  shop  of  the  Venetian  Vitelli.  As Jonathan Gil Harris has noted in Sick Economies, such  luxury  outlets,  with  their  attendant  branding,  had  become  almost  set  pieces  of  the  stage  by the early seventeenth century.1 Like runway spec-tators   at   Fashion   Week,   Renaissance   theater-goers  received  previews  of  the  latest  trends  in everything  from  tobacco  paraphernalia  to  fea-thers.   And   Vitelli’s   inventory,   with   Venetian mirrors and glass, certainly would have proffered a  bit  of  caché,  as  Harris  suggests.2  But  Vitelli employs   an   unanticipated   marketing   strategy, coupling  his  offerings  with  classical  imagery.  He hawks  his  goods  through  the  promise of  their similitude   to   the   décor   of   Greek   gods:   “Here crystal  glasses,  such  as  Ganymede  /  Did  fill  with nectar  to  the  Thunderer  /  When  he  drank  to Alcides”   (1.3.116–118).3   As   a   result,   Vitelli’s “looking-glass” (1.3.108) and  “crystal”  take  on  a patina   of   antiquity   rather   than   the   gleam   of novelty.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In   Act   1,   Scene   3   of   Philip   Massinger’s The Renegado  (1624),  the  Turkish  princess  Donusabrowses   through   the   goods   on   display   at   the Tunisian  market  shop  of  the  Venetian  Vitelli.  As Jonathan Gil Harris has noted in Sick Economies, such  luxury  outlets,  with  their  attendant  branding,  had  become  almost  set  pieces  of  the  stage  by the early seventeenth century.1 Like runway spec-tators   at   Fashion   Week,   Renaissance   theater-goers  received  previews  of  the  latest  trends  in everything  from  tobacco  paraphernalia  to  fea-thers.   And   Vitelli’s   inventory,   with   Venetian mirrors and glass, certainly would have proffered a  bit  of  caché,  as  Harris  suggests.2  But  Vitelli employs   an   unanticipated   marketing   strategy, coupling  his  offerings  with  classical  imagery.  He hawks  his  goods  through  the  promise of  their similitude   to   the   décor   of   Greek   gods:   “Here crystal  glasses,  such  as  Ganymede  /  Did  fill  with nectar  to  the  Thunderer  /  When  he  drank  to Alcides”   (1.3.116–118).3   As   a   result,   Vitelli’s “looking-glass” (1.3.108) and  “crystal”  take  on  a patina   of   antiquity   rather   than   the   gleam   of novelty.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Always Accessorize</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">In Defense of Scholary Cointise</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Christine Neufeld</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>Eastern Michigan University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Perhaps   because   of   my   own   upbringing   in   a Protestant   culture   which,   in   my   youth,   still contended  to  some  extent  with  Pauline  injunc-tions  about  cosmetics  and  hairstyle,  I  perceive behind  the  question  of  style  in  medieval  studies the  imputation  that style  is  a  provocation.  Anna Kłosowka’s   observations   on   the   topic (in   this volume) highlight some of the anxieties attendant when style becomes an issue for scholars:I  think  the  question  of  style,  as  it  applies  to medievalism,  is  precisely  the  overcoming  of that  dichotomy  between  Nature  and  Man:  a third  element.  And  when  the  critique  pro-ceeds  through  the  denunciation  of  the  inimi-tability  of  someone’s  style,  as  if  it  were  the third sex, . . . the critic unconsciously puts his finger on exactly what style is; but that critic is mistaken  about  the  style’s  generative  powers. In   fact,   style,   neither   fact   nor   theory   but facilitating  the  transition  between  the  two,  is. . . the generative principle itself.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Perhaps   because   of   my   own   upbringing   in   a Protestant   culture   which,   in   my   youth,   still contended  to  some  extent  with  Pauline  injunc-tions  about  cosmetics  and  hairstyle,  I  perceive behind  the  question  of  style  in  medieval  studies the  imputation  that style  is  a  provocation.  Anna Kłosowka’s   observations   on   the   topic (in   this volume) highlight some of the anxieties attendant when style becomes an issue for scholars:I  think  the  question  of  style,  as  it  applies  to medievalism,  is  precisely  the  overcoming  of that  dichotomy  between  Nature  and  Man:  a third  element.  And  when  the  critique  pro-ceeds  through  the  denunciation  of  the  inimi-tability  of  someone’s  style,  as  if  it  were  the third sex, . . . the critic unconsciously puts his finger on exactly what style is; but that critic is mistaken  about  the  style’s  generative  powers. In   fact,   style,   neither   fact   nor   theory   but facilitating  the  transition  between  the  two,  is. . . the generative principle itself.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">The Unceasing Call of Style</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">A Novelist's Perspective</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Valerie Vogrin</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>Southern Illinois University Edwardsville</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;First,  I’ll  dispense  with  the  obvious:  that  style  is often  seen  as  a  quality  a  writer  puts on  a  writing product as she herself might put on a snug purple leather  jacket—to  enhance  her  message,  her  ap-peal. As  a  writer,  you  can  put  on  a  different  coat, but  you  cannot  not  wear  a  coat.  Rather,  your non-coat-wearing  will  not  go  unnoticed.  That  is, you are kidding yourself if you think your style is transparent. It is as obvious as a sunbeam striking a chrome bumper.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;First,  I’ll  dispense  with  the  obvious:  that  style  is often  seen  as  a  quality  a  writer  puts on  a  writing product as she herself might put on a snug purple leather  jacket—to  enhance  her  message,  her  ap-peal. As  a  writer,  you  can  put  on  a  different  coat, but  you  cannot  not  wear  a  coat.  Rather,  your non-coat-wearing  will  not  go  unnoticed.  That  is, you are kidding yourself if you think your style is transparent. It is as obvious as a sunbeam striking a chrome bumper.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Backmatter</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Eileen A. Joy</PersonName>
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          <PersonName>Anna Kłosowska</PersonName>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Scholarship in medieval studies of the past 20 or so years has offered some provocative experiments in, and elegant exempla of, style. Scholars such as Anne Clark Bartlett, Kathleen Biddick, Catherine Brown, Brantley Bryant, Michael Camille, Jeffrey Jerome Cohen, Carolyn Dinshaw, James Earl, L.O. Aranye Fradenburg, Roberta Frank, Amy Hollywood, Cary Howie, C. Stephen Jaeger, Eileen Joy, Anna Klosowska, Nicola Masciandaro, Peggy McCracken, Paul Strohm, David Wallace, and Paul Zumthor, among others, have blended the conventions of academic writing with those of fiction, drama, memoir, comedy, polemic, and lyricism, and/or have developed what some would describe as elegant, and arresting (and in some cases, deliciously difficult) prose styles. As these registers merge, they can produce what has been called a queer historiographical encounter (or in queer theorist Elizabeth Freeman’s terms, “an erotohistoriography”), a “poetics of intensification,” and even a “new aestheticism.” The work of these scholars has also opened up debates (some rancorous) that often install what the editors of this volume feel are false binaries between form and content, feeling and thinking, affect and rigor, poetry and history, attachment and critical distance, enjoyment and discipline, style and substance. As Anna Klosowska writes in her contribution to this volume,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The question of style, as it applies to medieval studies, is precisely the overcoming of that dichotomy between Nature and Man: a third element. And when the critique proceeds through the denunciation of the inimitability of someone’s style, as if it were the third sex, ungenerative, queer, sterile, sodomitic, lesbian, etc., the critic unconsciously puts his finger on exactly what style is; but that critic is mistaken about the style’s supposedly non-generative powers. In fact, style, neither fact nor theory but facilitating the transition between the two, is … the generative principle itself.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Scholarship in medieval studies of the past 20 or so years has offered some provocative experiments in, and elegant exempla of, style. Scholars such as Anne Clark Bartlett, Kathleen Biddick, Catherine Brown, Brantley Bryant, Michael Camille, Jeffrey Jerome Cohen, Carolyn Dinshaw, James Earl, L.O. Aranye Fradenburg, Roberta Frank, Amy Hollywood, Cary Howie, C. Stephen Jaeger, Eileen Joy, Anna Klosowska, Nicola Masciandaro, Peggy McCracken, Paul Strohm, David Wallace, and Paul Zumthor, among others, have blended the conventions of academic writing with those of fiction, drama, memoir, comedy, polemic, and lyricism, and/or have developed what some would describe as elegant, and arresting (and in some cases, deliciously difficult) prose styles. As these registers merge, they can produce what has been called a queer historiographical encounter (or in queer theorist Elizabeth Freeman’s terms, “an erotohistoriography”), a “poetics of intensification,” and even a “new aestheticism.” The work of these scholars has also opened up debates (some rancorous) that often install what the editors of this volume feel are false binaries between form and content, feeling and thinking, affect and rigor, poetry and history, attachment and critical distance, enjoyment and discipline, style and substance. As Anna Klosowska writes in her contribution to this volume,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The question of style, as it applies to medieval studies, is precisely the overcoming of that dichotomy between Nature and Man: a third element. And when the critique proceeds through the denunciation of the inimitability of someone’s style, as if it were the third sex, ungenerative, queer, sterile, sodomitic, lesbian, etc., the critic unconsciously puts his finger on exactly what style is; but that critic is mistaken about the style’s supposedly non-generative powers. In fact, style, neither fact nor theory but facilitating the transition between the two, is … the generative principle itself.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;When George-Louis  de  Buffon, naturalist and mathematician—calculus,   probablility,   Buffon’s needle—devoted  to  style  his 1753 acceptance  lec-ture  at the  French  Academy,  he  said  that “well-written   works   are the   only   ones   that   will   be passed on to posterity. . . . small objects [such as] knowledge,  facts  and  discoveries  are  easily  taken up,  transported,  and  even  gain  from  being  put together by more nimble hands. These things are outside  of  man,  the  style  is  the  man  himself.”1 In the  coda  to  this  volume,  Valerie  Vogrin  reminds us  that Victor  Hugo,  in  his Function  of  Beauty, fulminates  against  small  bourgeois  minds  that relegate  style  to  the  background:  “Style  is  ideas. Ideas are style. Try to tear away the word: it’s the idea that you lose. . . . Style is the essence of a sub-ject,  constantly called  to  the  surface.”2 It  seemed to us that the question of style, cognate as it is to the  question  of  the  role  of  the  humanities,  needs to  be  asked  about theory  in  medieval  studies.  In this  collection,  style is  instantiated  (we  have  as-sembled  a  breathtaking  cast)  as  well  as  thema-tized  and  theorized.  Christine  Neufeld  writes  in the  conclusion  to  her  essay  in  this  volume:  “Per-ceiving this aesthetic relation to the past does not free us from a sense of accountability to the deli-cate,  tattered  fabric  of  history  that  both  touches us  and  exceeds  our  grasp.”  In  other  words, we study  style  in  this  collection  because  it  instanti-ates and theorizes the relation we have to the past, our  subject.  These  are (again,  via  Neufeld), “the issues  the  Style  project  represents  for  medieval scholars:  how  to  contend  with  the ‘immaterial’ intensities  of  our  scholarship,  the  effects  and  af-fects  of  being  touched  by  the  past.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;When George-Louis  de  Buffon, naturalist and mathematician—calculus,   probablility,   Buffon’s needle—devoted  to  style  his 1753 acceptance  lec-ture  at the  French  Academy,  he  said  that “well-written   works   are the   only   ones   that   will   be passed on to posterity. . . . small objects [such as] knowledge,  facts  and  discoveries  are  easily  taken up,  transported,  and  even  gain  from  being  put together by more nimble hands. These things are outside  of  man,  the  style  is  the  man  himself.”1 In the  coda  to  this  volume,  Valerie  Vogrin  reminds us  that Victor  Hugo,  in  his Function  of  Beauty, fulminates  against  small  bourgeois  minds  that relegate  style  to  the  background:  “Style  is  ideas. Ideas are style. Try to tear away the word: it’s the idea that you lose. . . . Style is the essence of a sub-ject,  constantly called  to  the  surface.”2 It  seemed to us that the question of style, cognate as it is to the  question  of  the  role  of  the  humanities,  needs to  be  asked  about theory  in  medieval  studies.  In this  collection,  style is  instantiated  (we  have  as-sembled  a  breathtaking  cast)  as  well  as  thema-tized  and  theorized.  Christine  Neufeld  writes  in the  conclusion  to  her  essay  in  this  volume:  “Per-ceiving this aesthetic relation to the past does not free us from a sense of accountability to the deli-cate,  tattered  fabric  of  history  that  both  touches us  and  exceeds  our  grasp.”  In  other  words, we study  style  in  this  collection  because  it  instanti-ates and theorizes the relation we have to the past, our  subject.  These  are (again,  via  Neufeld), “the issues  the  Style  project  represents  for  medieval scholars:  how  to  contend  with  the ‘immaterial’ intensities  of  our  scholarship,  the  effects  and  af-fects  of  being  touched  by  the  past.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <PersonName>Valerie Allen</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;As  its  etymology  reminds  us,  style mediates  commun-ication and   arises   out   of   whatever   technology   of communication   characterizes   an   era.    Style   presentsitself  as  the  “how”  as  distinct  from  the  “what”  of com-municated thought,  and  the  relationship  between  the two   has   always   been marked   by   attempts to sub-ordinate form  to  content  or  vice  versa. In  the  aca-demic  disciplines,  the  substantive  (the  “what”)  tra-ditionally  takes  precedence  over  the  procedural  (the “how”). Academic style paradoxically deprivileges styleby making it subservient to substance and,  in doing so, helps construct disciplinary  boundaries,  which  differ-entiate themselves both   by subject   matter   and   by mystifying  their  processes  of  communication—that  is, their  style.  A  foregrounding  of style  in  academic  discourse,  however, lays  bare  its  own  procedures  andthereby opens  up  its  audience;  for  style—unlike  sub-stance—is all  about  audience,  about being  situated, directive,  and  intentional.  By  equalizing  style’s  footing in  the  style/substance binary,  we  achieve better aware-ness about the boundaries of our disciplines.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;As  its  etymology  reminds  us,  style mediates  commun-ication and   arises   out   of   whatever   technology   of communication   characterizes   an   era.    Style   presentsitself  as  the  “how”  as  distinct  from  the  “what”  of com-municated thought,  and  the  relationship  between  the two   has   always   been marked   by   attempts to sub-ordinate form  to  content  or  vice  versa. In  the  aca-demic  disciplines,  the  substantive  (the  “what”)  tra-ditionally  takes  precedence  over  the  procedural  (the “how”). Academic style paradoxically deprivileges styleby making it subservient to substance and,  in doing so, helps construct disciplinary  boundaries,  which  differ-entiate themselves both   by subject   matter   and   by mystifying  their  processes  of  communication—that  is, their  style.  A  foregrounding  of style  in  academic  discourse,  however, lays  bare  its  own  procedures  andthereby opens  up  its  audience;  for  style—unlike  sub-stance—is all  about  audience,  about being  situated, directive,  and  intentional.  By  equalizing  style’s  footing in  the  style/substance binary,  we  achieve better aware-ness about the boundaries of our disciplines.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Lacan's belles-lettres</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">On Difficulty and Beauty</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Ruth Evans</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>Saint Louis University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Ever  since  the  Sokal  affair,  humanities  scholar-ship in  some  quarters  stands  accused  of unin-telligibility, emptiness, or absurdity.1 Sure, there’s some bad theoretical writing out there. But not all of  it  is  willfully unreadable. A  familiar  set  of binaries  runs  through  and  across  these  accusa-tions:   not   only   clarity/obscurity,    but   wonder/ pessimism, aesthetics/politics,  and  affect/the  her-meneutics of suspicion. But these oppositions are far  from  being  rigidly  distributed  along  either side  of  the fault  line  dividing  the  “two  cultures.” The   turn   to   what   has   been   called   “the   new aestheticism” within literary studies, for example, involves a radical rethinking of beauty and affect, not   just   in the   way   we   read   literary   texts—including medieval ones—but in the way we write about them.2 A less familiar assumption made by the   accusers is that   the beautiful   leads   us   to truth—what    the    philosopher    Denis    Dutton describes   as “aesthetic   insight”—whereas   the unreadable is the  sign  of  a  certain  exhaustion  in the  humanities:  an  endless  self-referentiality,  a “process   of text   in/text   out."&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Ever  since  the  Sokal  affair,  humanities  scholar-ship in  some  quarters  stands  accused  of unin-telligibility, emptiness, or absurdity.1 Sure, there’s some bad theoretical writing out there. But not all of  it  is  willfully unreadable. A  familiar  set  of binaries  runs  through  and  across  these  accusa-tions:   not   only   clarity/obscurity,    but   wonder/ pessimism, aesthetics/politics,  and  affect/the  her-meneutics of suspicion. But these oppositions are far  from  being  rigidly  distributed  along  either side  of  the fault  line  dividing  the  “two  cultures.” The   turn   to   what   has   been   called   “the   new aestheticism” within literary studies, for example, involves a radical rethinking of beauty and affect, not   just   in the   way   we   read   literary   texts—including medieval ones—but in the way we write about them.2 A less familiar assumption made by the   accusers is that   the beautiful   leads   us   to truth—what    the    philosopher    Denis    Dutton describes   as “aesthetic   insight”—whereas   the unreadable is the  sign  of  a  certain  exhaustion  in the  humanities:  an  endless  self-referentiality,  a “process   of text   in/text   out."&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Style as Third Element</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Anna Kłosowska</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>Miami University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Medieval  studies  are  not  the  only  discipline  to seasonally    reiterate    the    distinction    between forging truth in virile debate1 versus being seduc-ed   by   style.2 It   is   Spring,   and   the   image   of besotted Philosophy  seduced  by  vain  blandish-ments, muzzled and ridden like Aristotle, is again trotted  out  with  the  sordid  intention  of  policing value.   The   distinction   between   style   and   sub-stance  is  brought  up  in  many  personal,  network, subfield,  and  disciplinary  sorting  practices  that, in a cynical moment, can be reduced to a form of policing. For instance, in history, this contest can translate  into  differentiation  between  processing archival materials versus original narratives based on  already  edited  sources. In  queer  studies, this plays  out  as history  of  ideas  versus  history  of affect,  or  documenting  same-sex  acts  versus  hy-pothesizing  same-sex  desires.  Such  distinctions are as absurd as they are persistent, and there is a dispositional  and  structural  reason  for  that,  as  I hope  to  demonstrate.  But  first,  I  want  to  point out   their   intrinsic   weakness.   To   take   the   last example,  acts  versus  desires:  in  strictly  historical terms,  same-sex  acts  and  desires  are  not  discrete, but  rather  belong  on  a  continuum.  Sticking to acts doesn’t make same-sex any more historically factual  than  talking  about  desires,   because  sex, unlike  real  estate,  is  not  traceable  in  acts—in either  sense  of  the  word:  no  one  proposes,  in  the felicitous  formulation  of  my  colleague Sven Erik Rose, to measure the amount of genital friction or the  decibel  level  of  the  cries  of  passion.  No  one, that  is,  except  the Marquis  de  Sade,  that  accoun-tant of the ass, le comptable du cul.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Medieval  studies  are  not  the  only  discipline  to seasonally    reiterate    the    distinction    between forging truth in virile debate1 versus being seduc-ed   by   style.2 It   is   Spring,   and   the   image   of besotted Philosophy  seduced  by  vain  blandish-ments, muzzled and ridden like Aristotle, is again trotted  out  with  the  sordid  intention  of  policing value.   The   distinction   between   style   and   sub-stance  is  brought  up  in  many  personal,  network, subfield,  and  disciplinary  sorting  practices  that, in a cynical moment, can be reduced to a form of policing. For instance, in history, this contest can translate  into  differentiation  between  processing archival materials versus original narratives based on  already  edited  sources. In  queer  studies, this plays  out  as history  of  ideas  versus  history  of affect,  or  documenting  same-sex  acts  versus  hy-pothesizing  same-sex  desires.  Such  distinctions are as absurd as they are persistent, and there is a dispositional  and  structural  reason  for  that,  as  I hope  to  demonstrate.  But  first,  I  want  to  point out   their   intrinsic   weakness.   To   take   the   last example,  acts  versus  desires:  in  strictly  historical terms,  same-sex  acts  and  desires  are  not  discrete, but  rather  belong  on  a  continuum.  Sticking to acts doesn’t make same-sex any more historically factual  than  talking  about  desires,   because  sex, unlike  real  estate,  is  not  traceable  in  acts—in either  sense  of  the  word:  no  one  proposes,  in  the felicitous  formulation  of  my  colleague Sven Erik Rose, to measure the amount of genital friction or the  decibel  level  of  the  cries  of  passion.  No  one, that  is,  except  the Marquis  de  Sade,  that  accoun-tant of the ass, le comptable du cul.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <PersonName>Klosowska, Anna</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Daniel's Smile</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Kathleen Biddick</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>Temple University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;When  Eileen  Joy  (gadfly  extraordinaire)  invited me to join this volume, she encouraged me to get over  my  fear  of  style,  first  contracted  during  my anxious  pubescent  scrutiny  of  those  thumbnail photographs  of fashion  “don’ts”  featured  in  teenmagazines  of  the  early  1960s.  My  heart  would sink  when  I  discovered  that  some  accessory  of mine, beloved to me for its vibrant charm, was, in fact,  deemed  by  the  style editors  to  be  the  latest sign  of  abjection.  But,  voila,  after  all  these  years, here I am today discussing “style” and still work-ing through those fears.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;When  Eileen  Joy  (gadfly  extraordinaire)  invited me to join this volume, she encouraged me to get over  my  fear  of  style,  first  contracted  during  my anxious  pubescent  scrutiny  of  those  thumbnail photographs  of fashion  “don’ts”  featured  in  teenmagazines  of  the  early  1960s.  My  heart  would sink  when  I  discovered  that  some  accessory  of mine, beloved to me for its vibrant charm, was, in fact,  deemed  by  the  style editors  to  be  the  latest sign  of  abjection.  But,  voila,  after  all  these  years, here I am today discussing “style” and still work-ing through those fears.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">To Peach or Not to Peach</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Style and the Interpersonal</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Michael D. Snediker</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Michael D.</NamesBeforeKey>
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            <Affiliation>University of Houston</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In  his  lyric  persuasiveness  over  Hades  and  Per-sephone, Orpheus—Pindar’s  “father  of  song”—sug-gests   an  especially  lovely  instance  of  what Kathleen Biddick  invokes  as  “master  signifier.”  The  story of  Orpheus  likewise  describes  the  break  of  La-canian  ligature.  As  dyad,  Orpheus  and  Eurydice are most heart-breaking,  not in their inseparabil-ity  but  in  that  inseparability’s  irrevocable  turn (another  form  of  Biddick’s  “swerve”)  to irrepara-ble  singleness,  the  fact  of  bereft  linkage.  And  as though   this   pathos   of   singularity   were   not enough, the Maenads rip Orpheus to pieces.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In  his  lyric  persuasiveness  over  Hades  and  Per-sephone, Orpheus—Pindar’s  “father  of  song”—sug-gests   an  especially  lovely  instance  of  what Kathleen Biddick  invokes  as  “master  signifier.”  The  story of  Orpheus  likewise  describes  the  break  of  La-canian  ligature.  As  dyad,  Orpheus  and  Eurydice are most heart-breaking,  not in their inseparabil-ity  but  in  that  inseparability’s  irrevocable  turn (another  form  of  Biddick’s  “swerve”)  to irrepara-ble  singleness,  the  fact  of  bereft  linkage.  And  as though   this   pathos   of   singularity   were   not enough, the Maenads rip Orpheus to pieces.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">The Aesthetics of Style and the Politics of Identity Formation</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Gila Aloni</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;A  real  state  of  emergency  and  catastrophe  is  not new  to  anybody  living  in  the  Middle  East,  in  the middle  of  things. Troubling  intellectual  inquiries about   “the   end”   and   what   is   “after   the   end” become real as they are embodied in a site where past,  present,   and  future  encounter  one  another, where  ends  are  beginnings  and  beginnings  are ends—Jerusalem. Many of my memories are from the Western Wall in Jerusalem,  which at the time of my childhood was believed to be only about 60 meters  long.  But  a  summer’s  visit  to  the  most recent excavations of the Western Wall’s Tunnels reveals    that  the  majority  of  the  wall  is  hidden underground;   the   tour   under   the   old   city   of Jerusalem  exposes  the  Western  Wall  in  its  full length.  The  end  of  the  open-air  Western  Wall  is actually  the  beginning.  Maybe  it  is  not  without insignificance that a wall, the sign of a barrier, an end to a space, has revealed itself as a beginning.1It  is  this  problematization  of  boundaries  that  my essay   explores   so   as   to   discuss   questions   of “ends.”  Questions  about  endings  and  “what  is after”   unravel   deeper   questions   about   psychic structures   and   our   search   as   medievalists   for identity  formation  in  a  new  world-order  where boundaries receive new meanings.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;A  real  state  of  emergency  and  catastrophe  is  not new  to  anybody  living  in  the  Middle  East,  in  the middle  of  things. Troubling  intellectual  inquiries about   “the   end”   and   what   is   “after   the   end” become real as they are embodied in a site where past,  present,   and  future  encounter  one  another, where  ends  are  beginnings  and  beginnings  are ends—Jerusalem. Many of my memories are from the Western Wall in Jerusalem,  which at the time of my childhood was believed to be only about 60 meters  long.  But  a  summer’s  visit  to  the  most recent excavations of the Western Wall’s Tunnels reveals    that  the  majority  of  the  wall  is  hidden underground;   the   tour   under   the   old   city   of Jerusalem  exposes  the  Western  Wall  in  its  full length.  The  end  of  the  open-air  Western  Wall  is actually  the  beginning.  Maybe  it  is  not  without insignificance that a wall, the sign of a barrier, an end to a space, has revealed itself as a beginning.1It  is  this  problematization  of  boundaries  that  my essay   explores   so   as   to   discuss   questions   of “ends.”  Questions  about  endings  and  “what  is after”   unravel   deeper   questions   about   psychic structures   and   our   search   as   medievalists   for identity  formation  in  a  new  world-order  where boundaries receive new meanings.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Aloni, Gila</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Renegade Style</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Fashion and the (Non)Modern Subject-Object in Massinger's The Renegado</Subtitle>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In   Act   1,   Scene   3   of   Philip   Massinger’s The Renegado  (1624),  the  Turkish  princess  Donusabrowses   through   the   goods   on   display   at   the Tunisian  market  shop  of  the  Venetian  Vitelli.  As Jonathan Gil Harris has noted in Sick Economies, such  luxury  outlets,  with  their  attendant  branding,  had  become  almost  set  pieces  of  the  stage  by the early seventeenth century.1 Like runway spec-tators   at   Fashion   Week,   Renaissance   theater-goers  received  previews  of  the  latest  trends  in everything  from  tobacco  paraphernalia  to  fea-thers.   And   Vitelli’s   inventory,   with   Venetian mirrors and glass, certainly would have proffered a  bit  of  caché,  as  Harris  suggests.2  But  Vitelli employs   an   unanticipated   marketing   strategy, coupling  his  offerings  with  classical  imagery.  He hawks  his  goods  through  the  promise of  their similitude   to   the   décor   of   Greek   gods:   “Here crystal  glasses,  such  as  Ganymede  /  Did  fill  with nectar  to  the  Thunderer  /  When  he  drank  to Alcides”   (1.3.116–118).3   As   a   result,   Vitelli’s “looking-glass” (1.3.108) and  “crystal”  take  on  a patina   of   antiquity   rather   than   the   gleam   of novelty.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In   Act   1,   Scene   3   of   Philip   Massinger’s The Renegado  (1624),  the  Turkish  princess  Donusabrowses   through   the   goods   on   display   at   the Tunisian  market  shop  of  the  Venetian  Vitelli.  As Jonathan Gil Harris has noted in Sick Economies, such  luxury  outlets,  with  their  attendant  branding,  had  become  almost  set  pieces  of  the  stage  by the early seventeenth century.1 Like runway spec-tators   at   Fashion   Week,   Renaissance   theater-goers  received  previews  of  the  latest  trends  in everything  from  tobacco  paraphernalia  to  fea-thers.   And   Vitelli’s   inventory,   with   Venetian mirrors and glass, certainly would have proffered a  bit  of  caché,  as  Harris  suggests.2  But  Vitelli employs   an   unanticipated   marketing   strategy, coupling  his  offerings  with  classical  imagery.  He hawks  his  goods  through  the  promise of  their similitude   to   the   décor   of   Greek   gods:   “Here crystal  glasses,  such  as  Ganymede  /  Did  fill  with nectar  to  the  Thunderer  /  When  he  drank  to Alcides”   (1.3.116–118).3   As   a   result,   Vitelli’s “looking-glass” (1.3.108) and  “crystal”  take  on  a patina   of   antiquity   rather   than   the   gleam   of novelty.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Always Accessorize</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">In Defense of Scholary Cointise</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Christine Neufeld</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Perhaps   because   of   my   own   upbringing   in   a Protestant   culture   which,   in   my   youth,   still contended  to  some  extent  with  Pauline  injunc-tions  about  cosmetics  and  hairstyle,  I  perceive behind  the  question  of  style  in  medieval  studies the  imputation  that style  is  a  provocation.  Anna Kłosowka’s   observations   on   the   topic (in   this volume) highlight some of the anxieties attendant when style becomes an issue for scholars:I  think  the  question  of  style,  as  it  applies  to medievalism,  is  precisely  the  overcoming  of that  dichotomy  between  Nature  and  Man:  a third  element.  And  when  the  critique  pro-ceeds  through  the  denunciation  of  the  inimi-tability  of  someone’s  style,  as  if  it  were  the third sex, . . . the critic unconsciously puts his finger on exactly what style is; but that critic is mistaken  about  the  style’s  generative  powers. In   fact,   style,   neither   fact   nor   theory   but facilitating  the  transition  between  the  two,  is. . . the generative principle itself.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Perhaps   because   of   my   own   upbringing   in   a Protestant   culture   which,   in   my   youth,   still contended  to  some  extent  with  Pauline  injunc-tions  about  cosmetics  and  hairstyle,  I  perceive behind  the  question  of  style  in  medieval  studies the  imputation  that style  is  a  provocation.  Anna Kłosowka’s   observations   on   the   topic (in   this volume) highlight some of the anxieties attendant when style becomes an issue for scholars:I  think  the  question  of  style,  as  it  applies  to medievalism,  is  precisely  the  overcoming  of that  dichotomy  between  Nature  and  Man:  a third  element.  And  when  the  critique  pro-ceeds  through  the  denunciation  of  the  inimi-tability  of  someone’s  style,  as  if  it  were  the third sex, . . . the critic unconsciously puts his finger on exactly what style is; but that critic is mistaken  about  the  style’s  generative  powers. In   fact,   style,   neither   fact   nor   theory   but facilitating  the  transition  between  the  two,  is. . . the generative principle itself.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">The Unceasing Call of Style</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">A Novelist's Perspective</Subtitle>
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            <Affiliation>Southern Illinois University Edwardsville</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;First,  I’ll  dispense  with  the  obvious:  that  style  is often  seen  as  a  quality  a  writer  puts on  a  writing product as she herself might put on a snug purple leather  jacket—to  enhance  her  message,  her  ap-peal. As  a  writer,  you  can  put  on  a  different  coat, but  you  cannot  not  wear  a  coat.  Rather,  your non-coat-wearing  will  not  go  unnoticed.  That  is, you are kidding yourself if you think your style is transparent. It is as obvious as a sunbeam striking a chrome bumper.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;First,  I’ll  dispense  with  the  obvious:  that  style  is often  seen  as  a  quality  a  writer  puts on  a  writing product as she herself might put on a snug purple leather  jacket—to  enhance  her  message,  her  ap-peal. As  a  writer,  you  can  put  on  a  different  coat, but  you  cannot  not  wear  a  coat.  Rather,  your non-coat-wearing  will  not  go  unnoticed.  That  is, you are kidding yourself if you think your style is transparent. It is as obvious as a sunbeam striking a chrome bumper.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Backmatter</TitleText>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Religion is much queerer than we ever imagined. Nature is as well. These are the two basic insights that have led to this volume: the authors included here hope to queerly go where no thinkers have gone before. The combination of queer theory and religion has been happening for at least 25 years. People such as John Boswell began to examine the history of religious traditions with a queer eye, and soon after we had the indecent theology of Marcella Althaus Ried. Jay Johnston, one of the authors in this issue, is among those who have used the queer eye to interrogate authority within Christian theological traditions. At the same time, there have been many queer interrogations of “nature,” perhaps most notably in the works of Joan Roughgarden and Ann Fausto-Sterling, and more recently in the works of Catriona Sandilands and Timothy Morton (an author in this volume). However, the intersections of religion, nature, and queer theory have been largely left untouched. With the exception of Dan Spencer, who writes the introduction for this volume and is one of the early pioneers in this realm of thought with his book Gay and Gaia (Pilgrim Press, 1996), and the work of Greta Gaard in developing a queer ecofeminist thought, religion and nature, or religion and ecology, have largely ignored the realm of queer theory.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In part, the blinders to queer theory on the part of eco-thinkers (religious or otherwise) are similar to the blinders eco-thinkers have when it comes to postmodern thought in general: namely, if there are no absolute foundations, how does one create an environmental ethic and a “nature” to save? For this reason and many others, this volume on religion, nature, and queer theory is groundbreaking. Though these essays span many different disciplines and themes, they are all held together by the triple focus on religion, nature, and queer theory.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Each of these essays offers a unique contribution to the intersection of religion, nature, and queer theory, and all of them challenge strict boundaries proposed in religious rhetoric and many discourses surrounding “nature.” Carol Wayne White’s essay draws from a queer reading of James Baldwin to develop an African American religious naturalism, which highlights humans as polyamorous bastards. Jacob Erickson’s essay examines Isabella Rossellini’s “Green Porno” and Martin Luther’s work to develop an irreverent theology. Jay Johnson draws from personal relationships with his late dog, and Master/Pup fetish-play, to blur the boundaries between humans and other animals, specifically within ethical and theological discourse. Whitney Bauman reflects on how the very processes of globalization and climate change queer our identities and call for a queer and versatile planetary ethic. Finally, Timothy Morton leads us through a reflection on queer green sex toys to challenge the ontology of agrologistics. Each of these essays in their own way is concerned with fleshing out more meaningful encounters with the planetary community. Without being too ambitious, we hope that these sets of essays will help to open up a new trajectory of conversations at the intersection of religion, nature, and queer theory.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Religion is much queerer than we ever imagined. Nature is as well. These are the two basic insights that have led to this volume: the authors included here hope to queerly go where no thinkers have gone before. The combination of queer theory and religion has been happening for at least 25 years. People such as John Boswell began to examine the history of religious traditions with a queer eye, and soon after we had the indecent theology of Marcella Althaus Ried. Jay Johnston, one of the authors in this issue, is among those who have used the queer eye to interrogate authority within Christian theological traditions. At the same time, there have been many queer interrogations of “nature,” perhaps most notably in the works of Joan Roughgarden and Ann Fausto-Sterling, and more recently in the works of Catriona Sandilands and Timothy Morton (an author in this volume). However, the intersections of religion, nature, and queer theory have been largely left untouched. With the exception of Dan Spencer, who writes the introduction for this volume and is one of the early pioneers in this realm of thought with his book Gay and Gaia (Pilgrim Press, 1996), and the work of Greta Gaard in developing a queer ecofeminist thought, religion and nature, or religion and ecology, have largely ignored the realm of queer theory.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In part, the blinders to queer theory on the part of eco-thinkers (religious or otherwise) are similar to the blinders eco-thinkers have when it comes to postmodern thought in general: namely, if there are no absolute foundations, how does one create an environmental ethic and a “nature” to save? For this reason and many others, this volume on religion, nature, and queer theory is groundbreaking. Though these essays span many different disciplines and themes, they are all held together by the triple focus on religion, nature, and queer theory.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Each of these essays offers a unique contribution to the intersection of religion, nature, and queer theory, and all of them challenge strict boundaries proposed in religious rhetoric and many discourses surrounding “nature.” Carol Wayne White’s essay draws from a queer reading of James Baldwin to develop an African American religious naturalism, which highlights humans as polyamorous bastards. Jacob Erickson’s essay examines Isabella Rossellini’s “Green Porno” and Martin Luther’s work to develop an irreverent theology. Jay Johnson draws from personal relationships with his late dog, and Master/Pup fetish-play, to blur the boundaries between humans and other animals, specifically within ethical and theological discourse. Whitney Bauman reflects on how the very processes of globalization and climate change queer our identities and call for a queer and versatile planetary ethic. Finally, Timothy Morton leads us through a reflection on queer green sex toys to challenge the ontology of agrologistics. Each of these essays in their own way is concerned with fleshing out more meaningful encounters with the planetary community. Without being too ambitious, we hope that these sets of essays will help to open up a new trajectory of conversations at the intersection of religion, nature, and queer theory.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Religion  is  much  queerer  than  we  ever  imagined.  Nature  is  as  well. These are the two basic insights that have led to this book: we hope to queerly go where no thinkers have gone before. The combination  of  queer  theory  and  religion  has  been  happening  for at least 25 years. People such as John Boswell began to exam-ine the history of religious traditions with a queer eye, and soon after we had the indecent theology of Marcella Althaus Ried. Jay Johnston, one of the authors in this volume, is among those who have  used  the  queer  eye  to  interrogate  authority  within  Chris-tian theological traditions. At the same time, interrogating na-ture from a queer perspective has begun, perhaps most notably in the work of Joan Roughgarden’s Evolution’s Rainbow and with the  works  of  Anne  Fausto-Sterling.  However,  the  intersections  of religion, nature, and queer theory have largely been left un-touched. With the exception of Dan Spencer, the author of the Introduction  for  this  volume  and  one  of  the  early  pioneers  in  this  realm  of  thought  with  his  book  Gay  and  Gaia,  and  Greta  Gaard, whose work is developing a queer ecofeminist thought, authors have largely ignored religion and nature or religion and ecology in the realm of queer theory.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Religion  is  much  queerer  than  we  ever  imagined.  Nature  is  as  well. These are the two basic insights that have led to this book: we hope to queerly go where no thinkers have gone before. The combination  of  queer  theory  and  religion  has  been  happening  for at least 25 years. People such as John Boswell began to exam-ine the history of religious traditions with a queer eye, and soon after we had the indecent theology of Marcella Althaus Ried. Jay Johnston, one of the authors in this volume, is among those who have  used  the  queer  eye  to  interrogate  authority  within  Chris-tian theological traditions. At the same time, interrogating na-ture from a queer perspective has begun, perhaps most notably in the work of Joan Roughgarden’s Evolution’s Rainbow and with the  works  of  Anne  Fausto-Sterling.  However,  the  intersections  of religion, nature, and queer theory have largely been left un-touched. With the exception of Dan Spencer, the author of the Introduction  for  this  volume  and  one  of  the  early  pioneers  in  this  realm  of  thought  with  his  book  Gay  and  Gaia,  and  Greta  Gaard, whose work is developing a queer ecofeminist thought, authors have largely ignored religion and nature or religion and ecology in the realm of queer theory.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In  1989  I  began  doctoral  work  at  Union  Theological  Seminary  to  integrate  insights  from  ecology,  liberation  theologies,  and  ecofeminism — what eventually emerged was my book, Gay and Gaia: Ethics, Ecology and the Erotic. I now welcome this oppor-tunity  to  look  back  at  how  the  emerging  intersections  among  religion,  nature,  culture,  and  sexuality  in  the  1980s  and  1990s  shaped those reflections, and to look forward to the insights of a new generation of queer scholars of religion.Trained as a geologist who came late to theology and ethics, my  intuitions  about  this  intersection  began  to  form  in  college  when I studied volcanoes in Costa Rica in 1978 as a deeply clos-eted  gay  man.  Here  I  was  exposed  to  human  rights  issues  and  poverty, exacerbated by the many civil wars engulfing Costa Ri-ca’s neighbors. I first enrolled at Union in 1980 to try to address the  many  theoethical  issues  that  my  time  in  Central  America  and my closeted sexuality were raising, having little inclination then how deeply intertwined the answers would become. Hav-ing recently come out to family and friends, I returned to Costa Rica in 1982 to study liberation theology. I spent my weekends working with refugee children from El Salvador, displaced from their  homelands  by  the  combination  of  military  violence  and ecological  degradation  from  the  scorched  earth  tactics  of  us-sponsored counterinsurgency tactics. Coming to terms with my own gay identity has therefore always been deeply intertwined with  my  love  of  the  earth  and  its  diverse  ecosystems  and  my  commitment to social justice for the poor and exploited.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In  1989  I  began  doctoral  work  at  Union  Theological  Seminary  to  integrate  insights  from  ecology,  liberation  theologies,  and  ecofeminism — what eventually emerged was my book, Gay and Gaia: Ethics, Ecology and the Erotic. I now welcome this oppor-tunity  to  look  back  at  how  the  emerging  intersections  among  religion,  nature,  culture,  and  sexuality  in  the  1980s  and  1990s  shaped those reflections, and to look forward to the insights of a new generation of queer scholars of religion.Trained as a geologist who came late to theology and ethics, my  intuitions  about  this  intersection  began  to  form  in  college  when I studied volcanoes in Costa Rica in 1978 as a deeply clos-eted  gay  man.  Here  I  was  exposed  to  human  rights  issues  and  poverty, exacerbated by the many civil wars engulfing Costa Ri-ca’s neighbors. I first enrolled at Union in 1980 to try to address the  many  theoethical  issues  that  my  time  in  Central  America  and my closeted sexuality were raising, having little inclination then how deeply intertwined the answers would become. Hav-ing recently come out to family and friends, I returned to Costa Rica in 1982 to study liberation theology. I spent my weekends working with refugee children from El Salvador, displaced from their  homelands  by  the  combination  of  military  violence  and ecological  degradation  from  the  scorched  earth  tactics  of  us-sponsored counterinsurgency tactics. Coming to terms with my own gay identity has therefore always been deeply intertwined with  my  love  of  the  earth  and  its  diverse  ecosystems  and  my  commitment to social justice for the poor and exploited.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;“How  did  Noah  do  it?”  the  Italian-American  actress  Isabella  Rossellini  asks  inquisitively.  She  is  dressed  in  black,  stands  in  front of a similar black background, and holds in her right hand a yellow umbrella. “How did he manage to organize all animals,” she  asks  you, “into  couples?”1  Rossellini  poses  this  question  in  the  course  of  a  series  of  hilarious  and  provocative  short  films  produced  for  the  Sundance  Channel  on  the  theme  of  Green Porno. In the course of those films, she artistically explores the complexities of animal sex, performing a variety of animal species  and  exploring  their  sexual  quirks,  oddities,  and  pleasures.  As she describes the series in the book inspired by her project, “I imagine myself as a particular animal and make love as that animal would. Each film is scientifically accurate; nature is infi-nitely scandalous” (Rossellini 2009).&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;An  Australian  shepherd  dog  named  Tyler  illuminated  several  key questions in my work as a Christian theologian, especially with  respect  to  theological  anthropology.  He  did  this  in  both  implicit and explicit ways through the affectionate relationship we cultivated over nearly seven years together, which kept rais-ing paradigm-shifting questions about the human in theological systems.  Tyler  elicited  these  questions  not  only  about  human-ity’s relationship with God (the traditional description of theo-logical  anthropology)  but  also  about  our  relationship(s)  with  the wider world of other-than-human animals and the vast net-work of ecosystems we all share, which in turn ricocheted back to theology proper — to God.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;An  Australian  shepherd  dog  named  Tyler  illuminated  several  key questions in my work as a Christian theologian, especially with  respect  to  theological  anthropology.  He  did  this  in  both  implicit and explicit ways through the affectionate relationship we cultivated over nearly seven years together, which kept rais-ing paradigm-shifting questions about the human in theological systems.  Tyler  elicited  these  questions  not  only  about  human-ity’s relationship with God (the traditional description of theo-logical  anthropology)  but  also  about  our  relationship(s)  with  the wider world of other-than-human animals and the vast net-work of ecosystems we all share, which in turn ricocheted back to theology proper — to God.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Due to globalization and climate change, we are becoming more and  more  aware  of  the  “queerness”  of  our  planet.  The  Modern  categories by which we fix our realities, simply no longer hold. The Modern ethics and technologies of control have given way to uncertainty and ambiguity about our planetary future. Once seemingly  hermetically  sealed  categories  and  boundaries  be-tween  self/other,  human/animal,  nature/culture,  organic/ma-chine  and  science/religion,  have  now  been  uncovered  as  leaky  and porous. How do we respond ethically in this situation to the real  and  present  dangers  posed  by  breaching  the  limits  of  our  planetary systems without merely forcing our own “longed for futures” and our own values and dreams onto the entire planet? This  article  argues  that  we  need  to  open  up  to  and  entertain  some different values for addressing the twin, wicked problems of globalization and climate change.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Due to globalization and climate change, we are becoming more and  more  aware  of  the  “queerness”  of  our  planet.  The  Modern  categories by which we fix our realities, simply no longer hold. The Modern ethics and technologies of control have given way to uncertainty and ambiguity about our planetary future. Once seemingly  hermetically  sealed  categories  and  boundaries  be-tween  self/other,  human/animal,  nature/culture,  organic/ma-chine  and  science/religion,  have  now  been  uncovered  as  leaky  and porous. How do we respond ethically in this situation to the real  and  present  dangers  posed  by  breaching  the  limits  of  our  planetary systems without merely forcing our own “longed for futures” and our own values and dreams onto the entire planet? This  article  argues  that  we  need  to  open  up  to  and  entertain  some different values for addressing the twin, wicked problems of globalization and climate change.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;It is perfectly possible to defy the law of noncontradiction. Like Humpty Dumpty, we should try to believe at least six impossible things  before  breakfast.  It  is  cognitively  healthy  and  ontologi-cally accurate. Indeed, to say You can’t think impossible things is, curiously, to have thought impossible things (Priest 2014)! Within normative Western logics, contradiction is perceived to  be  either  evil  or  absurd,  or  some  combination  of  both.  But  contradiction is everywhere, and it leaks out the strongest when we  try  to  lock  it  down  the  strongest.  I  take  this  to  be  a  symp-tom  of  reality,  which  I  take  to  be  contradictory.  In  particular,  ecological reality is contradictory, and if we humans want to go about “saving,” “preserving” or as I’d prefer to say, curating it, we had better allow some things to contradict themselves or else.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;It is perfectly possible to defy the law of noncontradiction. Like Humpty Dumpty, we should try to believe at least six impossible things  before  breakfast.  It  is  cognitively  healthy  and  ontologi-cally accurate. Indeed, to say You can’t think impossible things is, curiously, to have thought impossible things (Priest 2014)! Within normative Western logics, contradiction is perceived to  be  either  evil  or  absurd,  or  some  combination  of  both.  But  contradiction is everywhere, and it leaks out the strongest when we  try  to  lock  it  down  the  strongest.  I  take  this  to  be  a  symp-tom  of  reality,  which  I  take  to  be  contradictory.  In  particular,  ecological reality is contradictory, and if we humans want to go about “saving,” “preserving” or as I’d prefer to say, curating it, we had better allow some things to contradict themselves or else.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Religion is much queerer than we ever imagined. Nature is as well. These are the two basic insights that have led to this volume: the authors included here hope to queerly go where no thinkers have gone before. The combination of queer theory and religion has been happening for at least 25 years. People such as John Boswell began to examine the history of religious traditions with a queer eye, and soon after we had the indecent theology of Marcella Althaus Ried. Jay Johnston, one of the authors in this issue, is among those who have used the queer eye to interrogate authority within Christian theological traditions. At the same time, there have been many queer interrogations of “nature,” perhaps most notably in the works of Joan Roughgarden and Ann Fausto-Sterling, and more recently in the works of Catriona Sandilands and Timothy Morton (an author in this volume). However, the intersections of religion, nature, and queer theory have been largely left untouched. With the exception of Dan Spencer, who writes the introduction for this volume and is one of the early pioneers in this realm of thought with his book Gay and Gaia (Pilgrim Press, 1996), and the work of Greta Gaard in developing a queer ecofeminist thought, religion and nature, or religion and ecology, have largely ignored the realm of queer theory.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In part, the blinders to queer theory on the part of eco-thinkers (religious or otherwise) are similar to the blinders eco-thinkers have when it comes to postmodern thought in general: namely, if there are no absolute foundations, how does one create an environmental ethic and a “nature” to save? For this reason and many others, this volume on religion, nature, and queer theory is groundbreaking. Though these essays span many different disciplines and themes, they are all held together by the triple focus on religion, nature, and queer theory.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Each of these essays offers a unique contribution to the intersection of religion, nature, and queer theory, and all of them challenge strict boundaries proposed in religious rhetoric and many discourses surrounding “nature.” Carol Wayne White’s essay draws from a queer reading of James Baldwin to develop an African American religious naturalism, which highlights humans as polyamorous bastards. Jacob Erickson’s essay examines Isabella Rossellini’s “Green Porno” and Martin Luther’s work to develop an irreverent theology. Jay Johnson draws from personal relationships with his late dog, and Master/Pup fetish-play, to blur the boundaries between humans and other animals, specifically within ethical and theological discourse. Whitney Bauman reflects on how the very processes of globalization and climate change queer our identities and call for a queer and versatile planetary ethic. Finally, Timothy Morton leads us through a reflection on queer green sex toys to challenge the ontology of agrologistics. Each of these essays in their own way is concerned with fleshing out more meaningful encounters with the planetary community. Without being too ambitious, we hope that these sets of essays will help to open up a new trajectory of conversations at the intersection of religion, nature, and queer theory.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Religion is much queerer than we ever imagined. Nature is as well. These are the two basic insights that have led to this volume: the authors included here hope to queerly go where no thinkers have gone before. The combination of queer theory and religion has been happening for at least 25 years. People such as John Boswell began to examine the history of religious traditions with a queer eye, and soon after we had the indecent theology of Marcella Althaus Ried. Jay Johnston, one of the authors in this issue, is among those who have used the queer eye to interrogate authority within Christian theological traditions. At the same time, there have been many queer interrogations of “nature,” perhaps most notably in the works of Joan Roughgarden and Ann Fausto-Sterling, and more recently in the works of Catriona Sandilands and Timothy Morton (an author in this volume). However, the intersections of religion, nature, and queer theory have been largely left untouched. With the exception of Dan Spencer, who writes the introduction for this volume and is one of the early pioneers in this realm of thought with his book Gay and Gaia (Pilgrim Press, 1996), and the work of Greta Gaard in developing a queer ecofeminist thought, religion and nature, or religion and ecology, have largely ignored the realm of queer theory.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In part, the blinders to queer theory on the part of eco-thinkers (religious or otherwise) are similar to the blinders eco-thinkers have when it comes to postmodern thought in general: namely, if there are no absolute foundations, how does one create an environmental ethic and a “nature” to save? For this reason and many others, this volume on religion, nature, and queer theory is groundbreaking. Though these essays span many different disciplines and themes, they are all held together by the triple focus on religion, nature, and queer theory.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Each of these essays offers a unique contribution to the intersection of religion, nature, and queer theory, and all of them challenge strict boundaries proposed in religious rhetoric and many discourses surrounding “nature.” Carol Wayne White’s essay draws from a queer reading of James Baldwin to develop an African American religious naturalism, which highlights humans as polyamorous bastards. Jacob Erickson’s essay examines Isabella Rossellini’s “Green Porno” and Martin Luther’s work to develop an irreverent theology. Jay Johnson draws from personal relationships with his late dog, and Master/Pup fetish-play, to blur the boundaries between humans and other animals, specifically within ethical and theological discourse. Whitney Bauman reflects on how the very processes of globalization and climate change queer our identities and call for a queer and versatile planetary ethic. Finally, Timothy Morton leads us through a reflection on queer green sex toys to challenge the ontology of agrologistics. Each of these essays in their own way is concerned with fleshing out more meaningful encounters with the planetary community. Without being too ambitious, we hope that these sets of essays will help to open up a new trajectory of conversations at the intersection of religion, nature, and queer theory.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Religion  is  much  queerer  than  we  ever  imagined.  Nature  is  as  well. These are the two basic insights that have led to this book: we hope to queerly go where no thinkers have gone before. The combination  of  queer  theory  and  religion  has  been  happening  for at least 25 years. People such as John Boswell began to exam-ine the history of religious traditions with a queer eye, and soon after we had the indecent theology of Marcella Althaus Ried. Jay Johnston, one of the authors in this volume, is among those who have  used  the  queer  eye  to  interrogate  authority  within  Chris-tian theological traditions. At the same time, interrogating na-ture from a queer perspective has begun, perhaps most notably in the work of Joan Roughgarden’s Evolution’s Rainbow and with the  works  of  Anne  Fausto-Sterling.  However,  the  intersections  of religion, nature, and queer theory have largely been left un-touched. With the exception of Dan Spencer, the author of the Introduction  for  this  volume  and  one  of  the  early  pioneers  in  this  realm  of  thought  with  his  book  Gay  and  Gaia,  and  Greta  Gaard, whose work is developing a queer ecofeminist thought, authors have largely ignored religion and nature or religion and ecology in the realm of queer theory.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Religion  is  much  queerer  than  we  ever  imagined.  Nature  is  as  well. These are the two basic insights that have led to this book: we hope to queerly go where no thinkers have gone before. The combination  of  queer  theory  and  religion  has  been  happening  for at least 25 years. People such as John Boswell began to exam-ine the history of religious traditions with a queer eye, and soon after we had the indecent theology of Marcella Althaus Ried. Jay Johnston, one of the authors in this volume, is among those who have  used  the  queer  eye  to  interrogate  authority  within  Chris-tian theological traditions. At the same time, interrogating na-ture from a queer perspective has begun, perhaps most notably in the work of Joan Roughgarden’s Evolution’s Rainbow and with the  works  of  Anne  Fausto-Sterling.  However,  the  intersections  of religion, nature, and queer theory have largely been left un-touched. With the exception of Dan Spencer, the author of the Introduction  for  this  volume  and  one  of  the  early  pioneers  in  this  realm  of  thought  with  his  book  Gay  and  Gaia,  and  Greta  Gaard, whose work is developing a queer ecofeminist thought, authors have largely ignored religion and nature or religion and ecology in the realm of queer theory.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In  1989  I  began  doctoral  work  at  Union  Theological  Seminary  to  integrate  insights  from  ecology,  liberation  theologies,  and  ecofeminism — what eventually emerged was my book, Gay and Gaia: Ethics, Ecology and the Erotic. I now welcome this oppor-tunity  to  look  back  at  how  the  emerging  intersections  among  religion,  nature,  culture,  and  sexuality  in  the  1980s  and  1990s  shaped those reflections, and to look forward to the insights of a new generation of queer scholars of religion.Trained as a geologist who came late to theology and ethics, my  intuitions  about  this  intersection  began  to  form  in  college  when I studied volcanoes in Costa Rica in 1978 as a deeply clos-eted  gay  man.  Here  I  was  exposed  to  human  rights  issues  and  poverty, exacerbated by the many civil wars engulfing Costa Ri-ca’s neighbors. I first enrolled at Union in 1980 to try to address the  many  theoethical  issues  that  my  time  in  Central  America  and my closeted sexuality were raising, having little inclination then how deeply intertwined the answers would become. Hav-ing recently come out to family and friends, I returned to Costa Rica in 1982 to study liberation theology. I spent my weekends working with refugee children from El Salvador, displaced from their  homelands  by  the  combination  of  military  violence  and ecological  degradation  from  the  scorched  earth  tactics  of  us-sponsored counterinsurgency tactics. Coming to terms with my own gay identity has therefore always been deeply intertwined with  my  love  of  the  earth  and  its  diverse  ecosystems  and  my  commitment to social justice for the poor and exploited.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In  1989  I  began  doctoral  work  at  Union  Theological  Seminary  to  integrate  insights  from  ecology,  liberation  theologies,  and  ecofeminism — what eventually emerged was my book, Gay and Gaia: Ethics, Ecology and the Erotic. I now welcome this oppor-tunity  to  look  back  at  how  the  emerging  intersections  among  religion,  nature,  culture,  and  sexuality  in  the  1980s  and  1990s  shaped those reflections, and to look forward to the insights of a new generation of queer scholars of religion.Trained as a geologist who came late to theology and ethics, my  intuitions  about  this  intersection  began  to  form  in  college  when I studied volcanoes in Costa Rica in 1978 as a deeply clos-eted  gay  man.  Here  I  was  exposed  to  human  rights  issues  and  poverty, exacerbated by the many civil wars engulfing Costa Ri-ca’s neighbors. I first enrolled at Union in 1980 to try to address the  many  theoethical  issues  that  my  time  in  Central  America  and my closeted sexuality were raising, having little inclination then how deeply intertwined the answers would become. Hav-ing recently come out to family and friends, I returned to Costa Rica in 1982 to study liberation theology. I spent my weekends working with refugee children from El Salvador, displaced from their  homelands  by  the  combination  of  military  violence  and ecological  degradation  from  the  scorched  earth  tactics  of  us-sponsored counterinsurgency tactics. Coming to terms with my own gay identity has therefore always been deeply intertwined with  my  love  of  the  earth  and  its  diverse  ecosystems  and  my  commitment to social justice for the poor and exploited.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;At  the  height  of  the  civil  rights  era  in  the  twentieth  century,  James  Baldwin  poignantly  described  blacks’  experiences  of  marginality in North America. In a country besieged by white supremacy, he tried to capture the acute sense of displacement felt by African Americans with the creative use of the “bastard” epithet. In doing so, he drew richly from formative familial ex-periences and the black holiness tradition of his youth. Having never known his biological father and feeling estranged from his emotionally distant stepfather — a factory worker and storefront preacher whom his mother married when he was three — Bald-win would later write about the anguish of experiencing life as an  “illegitimate”  kid.  In  both  acclaimed  novels  and  critical  es-says, he creatively used the bastard motif to augment a critical self-awareness  associated  with  being  the  outsider  and  the  ille-gitimate other.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;“How  did  Noah  do  it?”  the  Italian-American  actress  Isabella  Rossellini  asks  inquisitively.  She  is  dressed  in  black,  stands  in  front of a similar black background, and holds in her right hand a yellow umbrella. “How did he manage to organize all animals,” she  asks  you, “into  couples?”1  Rossellini  poses  this  question  in  the  course  of  a  series  of  hilarious  and  provocative  short  films  produced  for  the  Sundance  Channel  on  the  theme  of  Green Porno. In the course of those films, she artistically explores the complexities of animal sex, performing a variety of animal species  and  exploring  their  sexual  quirks,  oddities,  and  pleasures.  As she describes the series in the book inspired by her project, “I imagine myself as a particular animal and make love as that animal would. Each film is scientifically accurate; nature is infi-nitely scandalous” (Rossellini 2009).&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;An  Australian  shepherd  dog  named  Tyler  illuminated  several  key questions in my work as a Christian theologian, especially with  respect  to  theological  anthropology.  He  did  this  in  both  implicit and explicit ways through the affectionate relationship we cultivated over nearly seven years together, which kept rais-ing paradigm-shifting questions about the human in theological systems.  Tyler  elicited  these  questions  not  only  about  human-ity’s relationship with God (the traditional description of theo-logical  anthropology)  but  also  about  our  relationship(s)  with  the wider world of other-than-human animals and the vast net-work of ecosystems we all share, which in turn ricocheted back to theology proper — to God.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;An  Australian  shepherd  dog  named  Tyler  illuminated  several  key questions in my work as a Christian theologian, especially with  respect  to  theological  anthropology.  He  did  this  in  both  implicit and explicit ways through the affectionate relationship we cultivated over nearly seven years together, which kept rais-ing paradigm-shifting questions about the human in theological systems.  Tyler  elicited  these  questions  not  only  about  human-ity’s relationship with God (the traditional description of theo-logical  anthropology)  but  also  about  our  relationship(s)  with  the wider world of other-than-human animals and the vast net-work of ecosystems we all share, which in turn ricocheted back to theology proper — to God.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Due to globalization and climate change, we are becoming more and  more  aware  of  the  “queerness”  of  our  planet.  The  Modern  categories by which we fix our realities, simply no longer hold. The Modern ethics and technologies of control have given way to uncertainty and ambiguity about our planetary future. Once seemingly  hermetically  sealed  categories  and  boundaries  be-tween  self/other,  human/animal,  nature/culture,  organic/ma-chine  and  science/religion,  have  now  been  uncovered  as  leaky  and porous. How do we respond ethically in this situation to the real  and  present  dangers  posed  by  breaching  the  limits  of  our  planetary systems without merely forcing our own “longed for futures” and our own values and dreams onto the entire planet? This  article  argues  that  we  need  to  open  up  to  and  entertain  some different values for addressing the twin, wicked problems of globalization and climate change.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Due to globalization and climate change, we are becoming more and  more  aware  of  the  “queerness”  of  our  planet.  The  Modern  categories by which we fix our realities, simply no longer hold. The Modern ethics and technologies of control have given way to uncertainty and ambiguity about our planetary future. Once seemingly  hermetically  sealed  categories  and  boundaries  be-tween  self/other,  human/animal,  nature/culture,  organic/ma-chine  and  science/religion,  have  now  been  uncovered  as  leaky  and porous. How do we respond ethically in this situation to the real  and  present  dangers  posed  by  breaching  the  limits  of  our  planetary systems without merely forcing our own “longed for futures” and our own values and dreams onto the entire planet? This  article  argues  that  we  need  to  open  up  to  and  entertain  some different values for addressing the twin, wicked problems of globalization and climate change.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;It is perfectly possible to defy the law of noncontradiction. Like Humpty Dumpty, we should try to believe at least six impossible things  before  breakfast.  It  is  cognitively  healthy  and  ontologi-cally accurate. Indeed, to say You can’t think impossible things is, curiously, to have thought impossible things (Priest 2014)! Within normative Western logics, contradiction is perceived to  be  either  evil  or  absurd,  or  some  combination  of  both.  But  contradiction is everywhere, and it leaks out the strongest when we  try  to  lock  it  down  the  strongest.  I  take  this  to  be  a  symp-tom  of  reality,  which  I  take  to  be  contradictory.  In  particular,  ecological reality is contradictory, and if we humans want to go about “saving,” “preserving” or as I’d prefer to say, curating it, we had better allow some things to contradict themselves or else.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;It is perfectly possible to defy the law of noncontradiction. Like Humpty Dumpty, we should try to believe at least six impossible things  before  breakfast.  It  is  cognitively  healthy  and  ontologi-cally accurate. Indeed, to say You can’t think impossible things is, curiously, to have thought impossible things (Priest 2014)! Within normative Western logics, contradiction is perceived to  be  either  evil  or  absurd,  or  some  combination  of  both.  But  contradiction is everywhere, and it leaks out the strongest when we  try  to  lock  it  down  the  strongest.  I  take  this  to  be  a  symp-tom  of  reality,  which  I  take  to  be  contradictory.  In  particular,  ecological reality is contradictory, and if we humans want to go about “saving,” “preserving” or as I’d prefer to say, curating it, we had better allow some things to contradict themselves or else.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Anne Galanaud graduated at Paris 4–Sorbonne University and earned her PhD in history at Franche-Comté University on the population of late medieval Dijon. She established a database that includes tax records from about 20,000 persons living between the mid-fourteenth century and the early sixteenth century, managed by an original program developed, with her contribution, by Henri Labesse (Paris–Sorbonne University). Her studies include an analysis of the socio-economic and topographic characteristics of medieval Dijon winegrowers and an analysis of the fate of widows and orphans survivors to the Black Death in Dijon, deciphered from a so far untapped mid-fourteenth century source document. She studied, in collaboration with Pierre Galanaud, the cartography of medieval plagues and now focuses on their impact on fragile populations.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Pierre Galanaud is emeritus professor of immunology at Paris–Sud University. He graduated at Paris–Descartes University Medical School and performed post-doctoral studies at Tufts University, Boston. At Paris–Sud University, he was head of the Internal Medicine and clinical Immunology unit of Antoine Béclère hospital (Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris) and director of the INSERM affiliated research laboratory Cytokines and Immunoregulation. His combined interests in the functional cartography of gene expression in the immune system and in the history of medicine led him to analyze, in collaboration with Anne Galanaud, medieval plagues by applying spatial analysis to the GIS based cartography of deaths (P. Galanaud, A. Galanaud, and P. Giraudoux, Historical Epidemics Cartography Generated by Spatial Analysis: Mapping the Heterogeneity of Three Medieval “Plagues” in Dijon, 2015). This collaboration is pursued for the impact of medieval epidemics on fragile populations.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Examining for Leprosy in the Fifteenth Century (ca. 1430–1500)</TitleText>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Lucy Barnhouse is a Visiting Assistant Professor of History at Wartburg College. Her research focuses on the intersections between legal, religious, and medical history. Her prospective monograph, Houses of God, Places for the Sick, examines the place of hospitals in the religious and social networks of late medieval cities. Her publications include a study of a medical miscellany used in a hospital managed by religious women, and an article on leprosy in the Rhineland for Leprosy and Identity in the Middle Ages: from England to the Mediterranean. Her future research plans include a study of mobility and urban identities in late medieval Central Europe. She has been a podcaster with Footnoting History, on topics including women’s history and medical history, since 2013.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Ortolf of Baierland, “Arzneibuch,” “On Madness” (ca. 1300)</TitleText>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Anne M. Koenig is a cultural and medical historian specializing in late medieval Germany. Her primary research interests include madness and the spread of medical literacy and medical knowledge in popular culture. She has several forthcoming publications, including an essay “Magicking Madness: Secret Workings and Public Narratives of the Disordered Mind in Late Medieval Germany” in The Sacred and the Sinister coming out with Pennsylvania State University Press in 2019. She is currently a NEH Fellow at the Newberry Library in Chicago and was previously the Assistant Professor of History at the University of South Florida.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Selected Episodes on Healing and Disability from the Vulgate Bible—Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John (ca. 382)</TitleText>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Will Eggers earned his Ph.D. from the University of Connecticut with his dissertation, “‘Misticall Unions’: Clandestine Communications from Tristan to Twelfth Night,” which explores the tradition of lovers who have fashioned themselves as a conglomerate self that shares one mind and erases all distinctions between sender and receiver. He has found a home at the Loomis Chaffee School, having previously taught at Wesleyan University and the University of Hartford. His research interests range from medieval and early modern English literature to modern graphic novels.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Miracles in Apocryphal Infancy Narratives (ca. 550–13th c.)</TitleText>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Brandon W. Hawk is an assistant professor of English at Rhode Island College. He has published on early English literature, the history of the English language, biblical apocrypha, and medieval biblical commentaries, and serves as a member of the Editorial Board for the Sources of Anglo-Saxon Literary Culture project. His book Preaching Apocrypha in Anglo-Saxon England was published by the University of Toronto Press in 2018, and his full-length introduction, translation, and commentary for the apocryphal Gospel of Pseudo-Matthew was published by Cascade Books.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Brandon W. Hawk is an assistant professor of English at Rhode Island College. He has published on early English literature, the history of the English language, biblical apocrypha, and medieval biblical commentaries, and serves as a member of the Editorial Board for the Sources of Anglo-Saxon Literary Culture project. His book Preaching Apocrypha in Anglo-Saxon England was published by the University of Toronto Press in 2018, and his full-length introduction, translation, and commentary for the apocryphal Gospel of Pseudo-Matthew was published by Cascade Books.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Leah Pope Parker s an Assistant Professor of English at the University of Southern Mississippi. Her current book project, “Disability and the Afterlife in Old English Literature,” explores how concepts of disability shaped both daily life and the eschatological imaginary in early medieval England. Her research engages with histories of the body and phenomenologies of religion, as well as using digital tools such as multispectral imaging to better understand medieval manuscripts. Her essays have recently appeared in the Journal of English and Germanic Philology and the volume Monstrosity, Disability, and the Posthuman in the Medieval and Early Modern World, edited by Richard H. Godden and Asa Simon Mittman. She also endeavors to share medieval disability studies with broader academic and public communities by tweeting as Medieval Disability, @MADisability.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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            <TitleText language="eng">William of Canterbury, "A Miracle of Thomas Becket: De puero syntectino" (Concerning a boy suffering from a wasting disease) (1172–77)</TitleText>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Will Rogers is the Tommy and Mary Barham Endowed Professor of English at University of Louisiana Monroe. He is the series co-editor for New Queer Medievalisms, a book series published by Medieval Institute Publications. He has published on aging and disability, queer theory and medieval texts, and medieval mysticism. His monograph, “Staves and Stanzas: Writing Old Age and Impairment in Late Medieval England,” is under contract with Arc Humanities Press.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;M.W. Bychowski is the Anisfield-Wolf SAGES Fellow at Case Western Reserve University, holding a position as full-time faculty in English, and teaching seminars on gender, disability, feminism, racism, and queer Christianity. She received her Ph.D. in English Literature from the George Washington University in Washington, D.C. A few of her recent articles include “The Isle of Hermaphrodites: Disorienting the Place of Intersex in the Middle Ages” (postmedieval 2018), “Reconstructing the Pardoner: Transgender Skin Operations in Fragment VI” (Writing on Skin in the Age of Chaucer, 2018), and “Mad for Margery: Disability and the Imago Dei in the Book of Margery Kempe” (The Ashgate Research Companion to Medieval Disability Studies, Routledge, forthcoming). She remains an ardent advocate for the Digital Humanities and public scholarship, maintaining an online center for the study of transgender and disability, medieval and post-medieval, www.ThingsTransform.com. Additionally, she serves on the executive board of the Mental Health Network, an advising think-tank for the national UCC church, as well as consults for local businesses, schools, and political groups on diversity and social justice. This work led her to serve at “the White House Forum on LGBTQ and Disability Issues” in 2016.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The field of disability studies significantly contributes to contemporary discussions of the marginalization of and social justice for individuals with disabilities. However, what of disability in the past? The Medieval Disability Sourcebook: Western Europe explores what medieval texts have to say about disability, both in their own time and for the present.This interdisciplinary volume on medieval Europe combines historical records, medical texts, and religious accounts of saints’ lives and miracles, as well as poetry, prose, drama, and manuscript images to demonstrate the varied and complicated attitudes medieval societies had about disability. Far from recording any monolithic understanding of disability in the Middle Ages, these contributions present a striking range of voices—to, from, and about those with disabilities—and such diversity only confirms how disability permeated (and permeates) every aspect of life.The Medieval Disability Sourcebook is designed for use inside the undergraduate or graduate classroom or by scholars interested in learning more about medieval Europe as it intersects with the field of disability studies. Most texts are presented in modern English, though some are preserved in Middle English and many are given in side-by-side translations for greater study. Each entry is prefaced with an academic introduction to disability within the text as well as a bibliography for further study. This sourcebook is the first in a proposed series focusing on disability in a wide range of premodern cultures, histories, and geographies.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The field of disability studies significantly contributes to contemporary discussions of the marginalization of and social justice for individuals with disabilities. However, what of disability in the past? The Medieval Disability Sourcebook: Western Europe explores what medieval texts have to say about disability, both in their own time and for the present.This interdisciplinary volume on medieval Europe combines historical records, medical texts, and religious accounts of saints’ lives and miracles, as well as poetry, prose, drama, and manuscript images to demonstrate the varied and complicated attitudes medieval societies had about disability. Far from recording any monolithic understanding of disability in the Middle Ages, these contributions present a striking range of voices—to, from, and about those with disabilities—and such diversity only confirms how disability permeated (and permeates) every aspect of life.The Medieval Disability Sourcebook is designed for use inside the undergraduate or graduate classroom or by scholars interested in learning more about medieval Europe as it intersects with the field of disability studies. Most texts are presented in modern English, though some are preserved in Middle English and many are given in side-by-side translations for greater study. Each entry is prefaced with an academic introduction to disability within the text as well as a bibliography for further study. This sourcebook is the first in a proposed series focusing on disability in a wide range of premodern cultures, histories, and geographies.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Anne M. Koenig is a cultural and medical historian specializing in late medieval Germany. Her primary research interests include madness and the spread of medical literacy and medical knowledge in popular culture. She has several forthcoming publications, including an essay “Magicking Madness: Secret Workings and Public Narratives of the Disordered Mind in Late Medieval Germany” in The Sacred and the Sinister coming out with Pennsylvania State University Press in 2019. She is currently a NEH Fellow at the Newberry Library in Chicago and was previously the Assistant Professor of History at the University of South Florida.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Heide Estes is Professor of English at Monmouth University (New Jersey, USA) and founding director of Medieval Ecocriticisms. She is the author of Anglo-Saxon Literary Landscapes: Ecotheory and the Environmental Imagination and co-editor with Haruko Momma of Old English Across the Curriculum: Contexts and Pedagogies, a special issue of Studies in Medieval and Renaissance Teaching. Her projects in process include the edited volume Medieval Ecocriticisms: Animals, Landscapes, Objects, and the Nature of the Human and the monograph Gender, Disability and Jews in Old English Poetry: Intersections.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Agnes Malinowska is Assistant Instructional Professor in the MA Program in the Humanities and in English at the University of Chicago. Her teaching and research focuses on American modernism and modernity, nonhuman studies, the history of science, and gender and sexuality studies. Agnes’s recent writing appears in the journal Modernism/modernity.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Bacteria have played a truly outsized role in the evolutionary story of life on earth, and they continue to be crucial to sustaining organisms and ecosystems. Until recently, however, most cultural and scientific interest in bacteria has centered on defeating the nefarious “germ.” This entry focuses in particular on how public health efforts to reign in the threat of bacterial disease in the US around 1900 aligned with the aspirations of a hegemonic Anglo-American culture to control and suppress marginalized groups like immigrants and racial others, easy scapegoats for disease. At the same time, British settler colonialism and, eventually, US government policy catalyzed devastating epidemics amongst Indigenous populations from the colonial period into the twentieth century, such as the tuberculosis crisis in Native health. While bacterial disease has been largely divisive in the US, bacteria themselves can encourage humans to think in terms of cooperation and alliance, rather than the strict enforcement of borders. Both symbiosis—bacteria’s preferred social relation—and binary fission—bacterial reproduction—suggest a radical form of sociality that permeates, ruptures, and transforms “individuals” constantly, so that the one always slips into the collective.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Bacteria have played a truly outsized role in the evolutionary story of life on earth, and they continue to be crucial to sustaining organisms and ecosystems. Until recently, however, most cultural and scientific interest in bacteria has centered on defeating the nefarious “germ.” This entry focuses in particular on how public health efforts to reign in the threat of bacterial disease in the US around 1900 aligned with the aspirations of a hegemonic Anglo-American culture to control and suppress marginalized groups like immigrants and racial others, easy scapegoats for disease. At the same time, British settler colonialism and, eventually, US government policy catalyzed devastating epidemics amongst Indigenous populations from the colonial period into the twentieth century, such as the tuberculosis crisis in Native health. While bacterial disease has been largely divisive in the US, bacteria themselves can encourage humans to think in terms of cooperation and alliance, rather than the strict enforcement of borders. Both symbiosis—bacteria’s preferred social relation—and binary fission—bacterial reproduction—suggest a radical form of sociality that permeates, ruptures, and transforms “individuals” constantly, so that the one always slips into the collective.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Corals are tiny marine animals who combine to build monumental reefscapes, which host multitudes and sustain the web of ocean life. Today, however, corals are crisis figures. Their sensitivity to ocean warming and acidification augurs a near-term mass extinction. What would it take to see corals as more than just examples of environmental loss? Why have corals been a historical companion to, and even actively participated in, the very project of industrial modernity that brings earthly life undone? Although corals may have one planetary story, since people have been around, they have had many histories. This entry describes the biogeochemical properties by which corals straddle micro and macro scales to serve as living archives and earthly auguries. Through a genealogy of human-coral relations in the Western tradition, it shows how divergent understandings of nature have made use of corals as a way of explaining why the physical world is as it is and what people ought to make of it. The result is a tale of profound intimacy between human and coral history, often overlooked in calls for greater environmental awareness today. Within the micro-life of corals lies a counterintuitive proposal: as much as a generalized indifference, what presently ails human/more-than-human relations are long-lived and powerfully excessive displays of enthusiasm.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Corals are tiny marine animals who combine to build monumental reefscapes, which host multitudes and sustain the web of ocean life. Today, however, corals are crisis figures. Their sensitivity to ocean warming and acidification augurs a near-term mass extinction. What would it take to see corals as more than just examples of environmental loss? Why have corals been a historical companion to, and even actively participated in, the very project of industrial modernity that brings earthly life undone? Although corals may have one planetary story, since people have been around, they have had many histories. This entry describes the biogeochemical properties by which corals straddle micro and macro scales to serve as living archives and earthly auguries. Through a genealogy of human-coral relations in the Western tradition, it shows how divergent understandings of nature have made use of corals as a way of explaining why the physical world is as it is and what people ought to make of it. The result is a tale of profound intimacy between human and coral history, often overlooked in calls for greater environmental awareness today. Within the micro-life of corals lies a counterintuitive proposal: as much as a generalized indifference, what presently ails human/more-than-human relations are long-lived and powerfully excessive displays of enthusiasm.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Fungi</TitleText>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Culturally, fungi in the Anglo-American context have been seen as fascinating, bewildering, frightening, and grotesque, understood as an alien organism defying taxonomy; as a useful, coveted, and occasionally poisonous food or medicine; as a sign of mysterious ruin and decay; and as a vestige of magic or otherworldliness. In their microscopic structures and manifestations, likewise, fungi have historically been represented as insidious, rebellious, menacing, or baffling, and have been more broadly constructed as a threat to human scale. Twenty-first century attitudes towards fungi, on the other hand, celebrate these scale-shifting abilities with much greater optimism as a robust response to political and environmental crises: microscopic fungi and fungal growth have been recently represented in an explosion of visual art and cultural theory. Fungi in these accounts are an adaptive and resilient form of life that can serve both as a sustainable biotechnology and as a model for multispecies thriving in the face of social and economic marginalization. This entry traces the surprisingly short arc from mycophobia to mycophilia through the lens of scale shifting, from Alice in Wonderland’s size-altering mushroom to Jae Rhim Lee’s fungal burial suit.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Culturally, fungi in the Anglo-American context have been seen as fascinating, bewildering, frightening, and grotesque, understood as an alien organism defying taxonomy; as a useful, coveted, and occasionally poisonous food or medicine; as a sign of mysterious ruin and decay; and as a vestige of magic or otherworldliness. In their microscopic structures and manifestations, likewise, fungi have historically been represented as insidious, rebellious, menacing, or baffling, and have been more broadly constructed as a threat to human scale. Twenty-first century attitudes towards fungi, on the other hand, celebrate these scale-shifting abilities with much greater optimism as a robust response to political and environmental crises: microscopic fungi and fungal growth have been recently represented in an explosion of visual art and cultural theory. Fungi in these accounts are an adaptive and resilient form of life that can serve both as a sustainable biotechnology and as a model for multispecies thriving in the face of social and economic marginalization. This entry traces the surprisingly short arc from mycophobia to mycophilia through the lens of scale shifting, from Alice in Wonderland’s size-altering mushroom to Jae Rhim Lee’s fungal burial suit.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Lichen</TitleText>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;As the granddaughter of two German foresters, Helga G. Braunbeck grew up close to nature. Her first garden was a mini-forest of small trees transplanted from the real forest. She moved on to study German and English literature in Tübingen/Germany, Oregon, and California and is now Professor of German Studies at NC State University in Raleigh, NC. Her two books discuss issues of authorship in GDR writer Christa Wolf, and intermediality in the work of Prague German author Libuše Moníková. After her second book, she turned her attention to the environmental humanities and became especially interested in literary and cultural plant studies. She has published about Klaus Modick’s novella Moss, lignite mining in German culture, and the impact of the Anthropocene on gardens and gardening in recent German literature. Her current projects focus on plant poetics and literary representations of arboreal imaginaries. And her current garden is filled with flowers, veggies, wildlife, and more than sixty trees. The older ones are covered in lovely moss and lichen.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Lichen is the poster child for symbiosis, functioning as a collaboration of a fungus and algae or cyanobacteria—or sometimes all three—which enables it to survive in the climatically and nutritionally most challenging environments, such as extreme cold or heat. One of the oldest organisms in earth’s biosphere, it has developed a lifestyle that still retains its mystery but nevertheless provides a paradigm that may serve human societies well: rather than on the competition of individuals it is based on community-building. Displaying a tremendous diversity of colors and shapes, it may paint the landscape, serve as medicine or food, or be used to monitor air quality. Poets marvel at lichen’s power—it can grow into and decompose rock, attach itself to a wide variety of surfaces, and live for thousands of years. Novelists have explored lichen’s extreme longevity for the idea of extending human lifespan and its symbiotic lifestyle as a metaphor for the challenging process of individuation among twins. Today’s appreciation of networks, interconnectivity, and “being-with” may be related to the scientific discovery of symbiotic ways of life as well as an increasing societal awareness of the benefits to be gained from collaboration.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Lichen is the poster child for symbiosis, functioning as a collaboration of a fungus and algae or cyanobacteria—or sometimes all three—which enables it to survive in the climatically and nutritionally most challenging environments, such as extreme cold or heat. One of the oldest organisms in earth’s biosphere, it has developed a lifestyle that still retains its mystery but nevertheless provides a paradigm that may serve human societies well: rather than on the competition of individuals it is based on community-building. Displaying a tremendous diversity of colors and shapes, it may paint the landscape, serve as medicine or food, or be used to monitor air quality. Poets marvel at lichen’s power—it can grow into and decompose rock, attach itself to a wide variety of surfaces, and live for thousands of years. Novelists have explored lichen’s extreme longevity for the idea of extending human lifespan and its symbiotic lifestyle as a metaphor for the challenging process of individuation among twins. Today’s appreciation of networks, interconnectivity, and “being-with” may be related to the scientific discovery of symbiotic ways of life as well as an increasing societal awareness of the benefits to be gained from collaboration.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Pollen</TitleText>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;When you are inhaling pollen, your body has been penetrated by a little package of plant sperm. Pollen grains are multicellular organisms that contain male sex cells, and their job is to get this sperm to the egg to facilitate fertilization. For that, they hitch a ride on insects or trust their fate to wind, water, and any other moving means, including us. Yet most human-pollen encounters are only noticed when they result in an allergic reaction. Allergies have been on the rise, which is at least partly because pollen is too: Pollen counts have been going up in urban environments due to the tendency of city planners to plant male trees, which avoids problems with fruit falling on heads, cars, and sidewalks. Yet this also means that pollen is not absorbed by female trees and left roaming the streets to enter human noses instead. This self-made allergy problem demonstrates that we often seem to neglect what pollen is and does: As a miniscule sperm delivery mechanism, it is all about sex. Accordingly, pollen’s cultural history has predominantly been focused on attraction rather than allergic aversion, and because of that, pollen has shaped not only our understanding of plant fertility, but also human ideas about eroticism and sexuality, reproduction and desire.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;When you are inhaling pollen, your body has been penetrated by a little package of plant sperm. Pollen grains are multicellular organisms that contain male sex cells, and their job is to get this sperm to the egg to facilitate fertilization. For that, they hitch a ride on insects or trust their fate to wind, water, and any other moving means, including us. Yet most human-pollen encounters are only noticed when they result in an allergic reaction. Allergies have been on the rise, which is at least partly because pollen is too: Pollen counts have been going up in urban environments due to the tendency of city planners to plant male trees, which avoids problems with fruit falling on heads, cars, and sidewalks. Yet this also means that pollen is not absorbed by female trees and left roaming the streets to enter human noses instead. This self-made allergy problem demonstrates that we often seem to neglect what pollen is and does: As a miniscule sperm delivery mechanism, it is all about sex. Accordingly, pollen’s cultural history has predominantly been focused on attraction rather than allergic aversion, and because of that, pollen has shaped not only our understanding of plant fertility, but also human ideas about eroticism and sexuality, reproduction and desire.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Dani Lamorte is a Pittsburgh-based artist working in performance, video, photography, and text. He has performed and shown work at the Andy Warhol Museum (Pittsburgh), University of Arizona Museum of Art (Tucson), Human Resources (Los Angeles), Whippersnapper Gallery (Toronto), Studio Beluga (Montréal), and Mattress Factory (Pittsburgh). Dani is a contributing writer for Cleveland Review of Books and has published essays in Edge Effects, Sundog Lit, and Journal of Critical Library &amp;amp; Information Studies. Dani's first book of essays, Of Fakes, is under contract with the University Press of Kentucky.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;It could be in your eye or on a gallery floor. It seems like it’s under the microscope, but maybe it’s all in your head. The protozoa isn’t lurking exactly, but it’s a trick to find. This entry follows the slippery protozoa as it moves in animal bodies, along the edges of a painting, down the side of a sculpture. Georges Bataille’s writing on “formless” meets Lynda Benglis’ floor-pour paintings and Anne Truitt’s columns, leading us to ask: What other dreams will we find if we let protozoan indeterminacy undo us a little, loosen the knot of our being?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;It could be in your eye or on a gallery floor. It seems like it’s under the microscope, but maybe it’s all in your head. The protozoa isn’t lurking exactly, but it’s a trick to find. This entry follows the slippery protozoa as it moves in animal bodies, along the edges of a painting, down the side of a sculpture. Georges Bataille’s writing on “formless” meets Lynda Benglis’ floor-pour paintings and Anne Truitt’s columns, leading us to ask: What other dreams will we find if we let protozoan indeterminacy undo us a little, loosen the knot of our being?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Of the many kinds of living micro-matter, viruses might seem to be the least neglected—particularly now, given the recent SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. However, many aspects of COVID-19 history illustrate not only how viruses are neglected but also how their very existence depends upon their ability to evade detection. To explain this dynamic, the entry begins with a short reading of Mona Awad’s short story “A Blue Sky Like This,” published at the end of the first wave of COVID-19. The story’s strange protagonist and her interactions with New York City residents under lockdown illustrate both the motivations for and consequences of willfully neglect of viral dangers. This reading is juxtaposed with a discussion of scientific efforts to identify and understand viruses during the twentieth century, which illustrate the analogous challenges of understanding miniscule lifeforms, whose effects, in aggregate, can stretch to enormous geographical scales. The entry concludes with a reading of Charles Yu’s short story “Systems,” which attempts to represent these scales and overcome viral neglect by radically restructuring the form, content, and characters of conventional Western narrative.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Of the many kinds of living micro-matter, viruses might seem to be the least neglected—particularly now, given the recent SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. However, many aspects of COVID-19 history illustrate not only how viruses are neglected but also how their very existence depends upon their ability to evade detection. To explain this dynamic, the entry begins with a short reading of Mona Awad’s short story “A Blue Sky Like This,” published at the end of the first wave of COVID-19. The story’s strange protagonist and her interactions with New York City residents under lockdown illustrate both the motivations for and consequences of willfully neglect of viral dangers. This reading is juxtaposed with a discussion of scientific efforts to identify and understand viruses during the twentieth century, which illustrate the analogous challenges of understanding miniscule lifeforms, whose effects, in aggregate, can stretch to enormous geographical scales. The entry concludes with a reading of Charles Yu’s short story “Systems,” which attempts to represent these scales and overcome viral neglect by radically restructuring the form, content, and characters of conventional Western narrative.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Microbium: The Neglected Lives of Micro-matter tells the story of small matter such as bacteria, coral, fungi, lichen, pollen, protozoa, and viruses. With short entries that are organized like a herbarium or similar specimen collection, the book is a “microbium”—both the term for a single microbe and a play on “microbiome.”&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;As such, Microbium makes visible the often overseen but huge impact of miniscule matter on human culture and the environment. Each entry is a “microscopic reading” that describes the natural history and scientific discovery of a particular form of micro-matter, while also telling a story about the cultural and artistic roles it has played over the centuries. From the poetry of Emily Dickinson to the “coralness” of coral reefs to contemporary literature about the COVID-19 pandemic, this book places micro-matter under a cultural microscope and translates the significance of the invisible interspecies social realm to the human scale, magnifying the many ways in which micro-matter matters. Ultimately, Microbium shows the potential of micro-matter to teach us how to revitalize our political and cultural systems, habits of thought, and aesthetic or representational modes.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Microbium: The Neglected Lives of Micro-matter tells the story of small matter such as bacteria, coral, fungi, lichen, pollen, protozoa, and viruses. With short entries that are organized like a herbarium or similar specimen collection, the book is a “microbium”—both the term for a single microbe and a play on “microbiome.”&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;As such, Microbium makes visible the often overseen but huge impact of miniscule matter on human culture and the environment. Each entry is a “microscopic reading” that describes the natural history and scientific discovery of a particular form of micro-matter, while also telling a story about the cultural and artistic roles it has played over the centuries. From the poetry of Emily Dickinson to the “coralness” of coral reefs to contemporary literature about the COVID-19 pandemic, this book places micro-matter under a cultural microscope and translates the significance of the invisible interspecies social realm to the human scale, magnifying the many ways in which micro-matter matters. Ultimately, Microbium shows the potential of micro-matter to teach us how to revitalize our political and cultural systems, habits of thought, and aesthetic or representational modes.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This entry explores the hidden worlds of animalcules or micro-animals, such as tardigrades and&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;mites. Such complex worlds are often inaccessible to the human sensorium due to their scale,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;except through the use of instruments like microscopes. With this in mind, the entry on&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;micro-animals draws on the history of early microscopy by examining the writings and drawings&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;of figures such as the seventeenth-century Dutch scientist Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, who was&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;the first to observe animalcules, and the seventeenth-century English scientist Robert Hooke, who made extensive microscopic studies of matter in his book Micrographia (1665). This raises questions about the role of descriptive language in amplifying the miniature forms of micro-animals and making them discernable to humans, particularly through the use of metaphor, which often creates comparisons between these tiny creatures and more familiar macroscopic organisms and even inanimate entities that are perceptible at the human scale. In this way, metaphor acts as a kind of figurative microscope, bringing animalcules into view of human observers. At the same time, this entry attempts to look beyond the anthropocentric scales perceptible to humans and to consider the realm of “tiny perceptions,” which render the worlds of animalcules perceptible to these creatures.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This entry explores the hidden worlds of animalcules or micro-animals, such as tardigrades and&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;mites. Such complex worlds are often inaccessible to the human sensorium due to their scale,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;except through the use of instruments like microscopes. With this in mind, the entry on&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;micro-animals draws on the history of early microscopy by examining the writings and drawings&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;of figures such as the seventeenth-century Dutch scientist Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, who was&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;the first to observe animalcules, and the seventeenth-century English scientist Robert Hooke, who made extensive microscopic studies of matter in his book Micrographia (1665). This raises questions about the role of descriptive language in amplifying the miniature forms of micro-animals and making them discernable to humans, particularly through the use of metaphor, which often creates comparisons between these tiny creatures and more familiar macroscopic organisms and even inanimate entities that are perceptible at the human scale. In this way, metaphor acts as a kind of figurative microscope, bringing animalcules into view of human observers. At the same time, this entry attempts to look beyond the anthropocentric scales perceptible to humans and to consider the realm of “tiny perceptions,” which render the worlds of animalcules perceptible to these creatures.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Agnes Malinowska is Assistant Instructional Professor in the MA Program in the Humanities and in English at the University of Chicago. Her teaching and research focuses on American modernism and modernity, nonhuman studies, the history of science, and gender and sexuality studies. Agnes’s recent writing appears in the journal Modernism/modernity.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Bacteria have played a truly outsized role in the evolutionary story of life on earth, and they continue to be crucial to sustaining organisms and ecosystems. Until recently, however, most cultural and scientific interest in bacteria has centered on defeating the nefarious “germ.” This entry focuses in particular on how public health efforts to reign in the threat of bacterial disease in the US around 1900 aligned with the aspirations of a hegemonic Anglo-American culture to control and suppress marginalized groups like immigrants and racial others, easy scapegoats for disease. At the same time, British settler colonialism and, eventually, US government policy catalyzed devastating epidemics amongst Indigenous populations from the colonial period into the twentieth century, such as the tuberculosis crisis in Native health. While bacterial disease has been largely divisive in the US, bacteria themselves can encourage humans to think in terms of cooperation and alliance, rather than the strict enforcement of borders. Both symbiosis—bacteria’s preferred social relation—and binary fission—bacterial reproduction—suggest a radical form of sociality that permeates, ruptures, and transforms “individuals” constantly, so that the one always slips into the collective.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Bacteria have played a truly outsized role in the evolutionary story of life on earth, and they continue to be crucial to sustaining organisms and ecosystems. Until recently, however, most cultural and scientific interest in bacteria has centered on defeating the nefarious “germ.” This entry focuses in particular on how public health efforts to reign in the threat of bacterial disease in the US around 1900 aligned with the aspirations of a hegemonic Anglo-American culture to control and suppress marginalized groups like immigrants and racial others, easy scapegoats for disease. At the same time, British settler colonialism and, eventually, US government policy catalyzed devastating epidemics amongst Indigenous populations from the colonial period into the twentieth century, such as the tuberculosis crisis in Native health. While bacterial disease has been largely divisive in the US, bacteria themselves can encourage humans to think in terms of cooperation and alliance, rather than the strict enforcement of borders. Both symbiosis—bacteria’s preferred social relation—and binary fission—bacterial reproduction—suggest a radical form of sociality that permeates, ruptures, and transforms “individuals” constantly, so that the one always slips into the collective.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Damien Bright is a Research Associate at the Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies in Potsdam, Germany. He received his PhD in Anthropology from the University of Chicago in 2022. Damien's research engages critical natural history, animal studies, and the psychosocial dimensions of modernist technoscience. He is currently conducting a multi-sited ethnographic investigation of the technopolitical dimensions of ocean engineering as part of the EU-funded OceanNETs consortium. Whither the Reef?, his first book manuscript, is in preparation and builds on his dissertation research into efforts to salvage the Great Barrier Reef from its predicted demise. The book explains the practical and moral quandaries that the sciences of marine life encounter, along with their supporters and detractors, in the push to design large scale and largely experimental “interventions” in the name of planetary care. Damien’s writing has appeared in Techniques &amp;amp; Culture and Diseña.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Corals are tiny marine animals who combine to build monumental reefscapes, which host multitudes and sustain the web of ocean life. Today, however, corals are crisis figures. Their sensitivity to ocean warming and acidification augurs a near-term mass extinction. What would it take to see corals as more than just examples of environmental loss? Why have corals been a historical companion to, and even actively participated in, the very project of industrial modernity that brings earthly life undone? Although corals may have one planetary story, since people have been around, they have had many histories. This entry describes the biogeochemical properties by which corals straddle micro and macro scales to serve as living archives and earthly auguries. Through a genealogy of human-coral relations in the Western tradition, it shows how divergent understandings of nature have made use of corals as a way of explaining why the physical world is as it is and what people ought to make of it. The result is a tale of profound intimacy between human and coral history, often overlooked in calls for greater environmental awareness today. Within the micro-life of corals lies a counterintuitive proposal: as much as a generalized indifference, what presently ails human/more-than-human relations are long-lived and powerfully excessive displays of enthusiasm.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Corals are tiny marine animals who combine to build monumental reefscapes, which host multitudes and sustain the web of ocean life. Today, however, corals are crisis figures. Their sensitivity to ocean warming and acidification augurs a near-term mass extinction. What would it take to see corals as more than just examples of environmental loss? Why have corals been a historical companion to, and even actively participated in, the very project of industrial modernity that brings earthly life undone? Although corals may have one planetary story, since people have been around, they have had many histories. This entry describes the biogeochemical properties by which corals straddle micro and macro scales to serve as living archives and earthly auguries. Through a genealogy of human-coral relations in the Western tradition, it shows how divergent understandings of nature have made use of corals as a way of explaining why the physical world is as it is and what people ought to make of it. The result is a tale of profound intimacy between human and coral history, often overlooked in calls for greater environmental awareness today. Within the micro-life of corals lies a counterintuitive proposal: as much as a generalized indifference, what presently ails human/more-than-human relations are long-lived and powerfully excessive displays of enthusiasm.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Fungi</TitleText>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Karen Leona Anderson is Associate Professor of English at St. Mary’s College of Maryland. She is the author of two collections of poetry, Punish honey (Carolina Wren) and Receipt (Milkweed Editions). Her scholarly and creative work has appeared in numerous journals and anthologies including the ecolanguage reader, The Ecopoetry Anthology, and The Best American Poetry. Her most recent scholarly work is on Emily Dickinson, fungi, and scale shifting.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Culturally, fungi in the Anglo-American context have been seen as fascinating, bewildering, frightening, and grotesque, understood as an alien organism defying taxonomy; as a useful, coveted, and occasionally poisonous food or medicine; as a sign of mysterious ruin and decay; and as a vestige of magic or otherworldliness. In their microscopic structures and manifestations, likewise, fungi have historically been represented as insidious, rebellious, menacing, or baffling, and have been more broadly constructed as a threat to human scale. Twenty-first century attitudes towards fungi, on the other hand, celebrate these scale-shifting abilities with much greater optimism as a robust response to political and environmental crises: microscopic fungi and fungal growth have been recently represented in an explosion of visual art and cultural theory. Fungi in these accounts are an adaptive and resilient form of life that can serve both as a sustainable biotechnology and as a model for multispecies thriving in the face of social and economic marginalization. This entry traces the surprisingly short arc from mycophobia to mycophilia through the lens of scale shifting, from Alice in Wonderland’s size-altering mushroom to Jae Rhim Lee’s fungal burial suit.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Culturally, fungi in the Anglo-American context have been seen as fascinating, bewildering, frightening, and grotesque, understood as an alien organism defying taxonomy; as a useful, coveted, and occasionally poisonous food or medicine; as a sign of mysterious ruin and decay; and as a vestige of magic or otherworldliness. In their microscopic structures and manifestations, likewise, fungi have historically been represented as insidious, rebellious, menacing, or baffling, and have been more broadly constructed as a threat to human scale. Twenty-first century attitudes towards fungi, on the other hand, celebrate these scale-shifting abilities with much greater optimism as a robust response to political and environmental crises: microscopic fungi and fungal growth have been recently represented in an explosion of visual art and cultural theory. Fungi in these accounts are an adaptive and resilient form of life that can serve both as a sustainable biotechnology and as a model for multispecies thriving in the face of social and economic marginalization. This entry traces the surprisingly short arc from mycophobia to mycophilia through the lens of scale shifting, from Alice in Wonderland’s size-altering mushroom to Jae Rhim Lee’s fungal burial suit.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Lichen</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Helga G. Braunbeck</PersonName>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;As the granddaughter of two German foresters, Helga G. Braunbeck grew up close to nature. Her first garden was a mini-forest of small trees transplanted from the real forest. She moved on to study German and English literature in Tübingen/Germany, Oregon, and California and is now Professor of German Studies at NC State University in Raleigh, NC. Her two books discuss issues of authorship in GDR writer Christa Wolf, and intermediality in the work of Prague German author Libuše Moníková. After her second book, she turned her attention to the environmental humanities and became especially interested in literary and cultural plant studies. She has published about Klaus Modick’s novella Moss, lignite mining in German culture, and the impact of the Anthropocene on gardens and gardening in recent German literature. Her current projects focus on plant poetics and literary representations of arboreal imaginaries. And her current garden is filled with flowers, veggies, wildlife, and more than sixty trees. The older ones are covered in lovely moss and lichen.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Lichen is the poster child for symbiosis, functioning as a collaboration of a fungus and algae or cyanobacteria—or sometimes all three—which enables it to survive in the climatically and nutritionally most challenging environments, such as extreme cold or heat. One of the oldest organisms in earth’s biosphere, it has developed a lifestyle that still retains its mystery but nevertheless provides a paradigm that may serve human societies well: rather than on the competition of individuals it is based on community-building. Displaying a tremendous diversity of colors and shapes, it may paint the landscape, serve as medicine or food, or be used to monitor air quality. Poets marvel at lichen’s power—it can grow into and decompose rock, attach itself to a wide variety of surfaces, and live for thousands of years. Novelists have explored lichen’s extreme longevity for the idea of extending human lifespan and its symbiotic lifestyle as a metaphor for the challenging process of individuation among twins. Today’s appreciation of networks, interconnectivity, and “being-with” may be related to the scientific discovery of symbiotic ways of life as well as an increasing societal awareness of the benefits to be gained from collaboration.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Lichen is the poster child for symbiosis, functioning as a collaboration of a fungus and algae or cyanobacteria—or sometimes all three—which enables it to survive in the climatically and nutritionally most challenging environments, such as extreme cold or heat. One of the oldest organisms in earth’s biosphere, it has developed a lifestyle that still retains its mystery but nevertheless provides a paradigm that may serve human societies well: rather than on the competition of individuals it is based on community-building. Displaying a tremendous diversity of colors and shapes, it may paint the landscape, serve as medicine or food, or be used to monitor air quality. Poets marvel at lichen’s power—it can grow into and decompose rock, attach itself to a wide variety of surfaces, and live for thousands of years. Novelists have explored lichen’s extreme longevity for the idea of extending human lifespan and its symbiotic lifestyle as a metaphor for the challenging process of individuation among twins. Today’s appreciation of networks, interconnectivity, and “being-with” may be related to the scientific discovery of symbiotic ways of life as well as an increasing societal awareness of the benefits to be gained from collaboration.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Pollen</TitleText>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Joela Jacobs is Assistant Professor of German Studies at the University of Arizona and founder of the Literary and Cultural Plant Studies Network (plants.arizona.edu). Her research focuses on nineteenth- to twenty-first-century German literature and its intersections with the environmental humanities, specifically plants, animals, and environmentalist culture, as well as Jewish studies, the history of sexuality, and the history of science. She has published on monstrosity, multilingualism, literary censorship, biopolitics, animal epistemology, zoopoetics, phytopoetics, cultural environmentalism, and contemporary German Jewish identity.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;When you are inhaling pollen, your body has been penetrated by a little package of plant sperm. Pollen grains are multicellular organisms that contain male sex cells, and their job is to get this sperm to the egg to facilitate fertilization. For that, they hitch a ride on insects or trust their fate to wind, water, and any other moving means, including us. Yet most human-pollen encounters are only noticed when they result in an allergic reaction. Allergies have been on the rise, which is at least partly because pollen is too: Pollen counts have been going up in urban environments due to the tendency of city planners to plant male trees, which avoids problems with fruit falling on heads, cars, and sidewalks. Yet this also means that pollen is not absorbed by female trees and left roaming the streets to enter human noses instead. This self-made allergy problem demonstrates that we often seem to neglect what pollen is and does: As a miniscule sperm delivery mechanism, it is all about sex. Accordingly, pollen’s cultural history has predominantly been focused on attraction rather than allergic aversion, and because of that, pollen has shaped not only our understanding of plant fertility, but also human ideas about eroticism and sexuality, reproduction and desire.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;When you are inhaling pollen, your body has been penetrated by a little package of plant sperm. Pollen grains are multicellular organisms that contain male sex cells, and their job is to get this sperm to the egg to facilitate fertilization. For that, they hitch a ride on insects or trust their fate to wind, water, and any other moving means, including us. Yet most human-pollen encounters are only noticed when they result in an allergic reaction. Allergies have been on the rise, which is at least partly because pollen is too: Pollen counts have been going up in urban environments due to the tendency of city planners to plant male trees, which avoids problems with fruit falling on heads, cars, and sidewalks. Yet this also means that pollen is not absorbed by female trees and left roaming the streets to enter human noses instead. This self-made allergy problem demonstrates that we often seem to neglect what pollen is and does: As a miniscule sperm delivery mechanism, it is all about sex. Accordingly, pollen’s cultural history has predominantly been focused on attraction rather than allergic aversion, and because of that, pollen has shaped not only our understanding of plant fertility, but also human ideas about eroticism and sexuality, reproduction and desire.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Protozoa</TitleText>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Dani Lamorte is a Pittsburgh-based artist working in performance, video, photography, and text. He has performed and shown work at the Andy Warhol Museum (Pittsburgh), University of Arizona Museum of Art (Tucson), Human Resources (Los Angeles), Whippersnapper Gallery (Toronto), Studio Beluga (Montréal), and Mattress Factory (Pittsburgh). Dani is a contributing writer for Cleveland Review of Books and has published essays in Edge Effects, Sundog Lit, and Journal of Critical Library &amp;amp; Information Studies. Dani's first book of essays, Of Fakes, is under contract with the University Press of Kentucky.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;It could be in your eye or on a gallery floor. It seems like it’s under the microscope, but maybe it’s all in your head. The protozoa isn’t lurking exactly, but it’s a trick to find. This entry follows the slippery protozoa as it moves in animal bodies, along the edges of a painting, down the side of a sculpture. Georges Bataille’s writing on “formless” meets Lynda Benglis’ floor-pour paintings and Anne Truitt’s columns, leading us to ask: What other dreams will we find if we let protozoan indeterminacy undo us a little, loosen the knot of our being?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;It could be in your eye or on a gallery floor. It seems like it’s under the microscope, but maybe it’s all in your head. The protozoa isn’t lurking exactly, but it’s a trick to find. This entry follows the slippery protozoa as it moves in animal bodies, along the edges of a painting, down the side of a sculpture. Georges Bataille’s writing on “formless” meets Lynda Benglis’ floor-pour paintings and Anne Truitt’s columns, leading us to ask: What other dreams will we find if we let protozoan indeterminacy undo us a little, loosen the knot of our being?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Viruses</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Raymond Malewitz</PersonName>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Raymond Malewitz is Associate Professor of English at Oregon State University. He is the author of one monograph, The Practice of Misuse (Stanford University Press, 2014), and is at work on a second, tentatively entitled “Epizootic Encounters: A Cultural History of Animal Disease.” His work has appeared in journals such as Critical Inquiry, PMLA, Modern Fiction Studies, and Configurations as well as more popular venues such as The Washington Post.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Of the many kinds of living micro-matter, viruses might seem to be the least neglected—particularly now, given the recent SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. However, many aspects of COVID-19 history illustrate not only how viruses are neglected but also how their very existence depends upon their ability to evade detection. To explain this dynamic, the entry begins with a short reading of Mona Awad’s short story “A Blue Sky Like This,” published at the end of the first wave of COVID-19. The story’s strange protagonist and her interactions with New York City residents under lockdown illustrate both the motivations for and consequences of willfully neglect of viral dangers. This reading is juxtaposed with a discussion of scientific efforts to identify and understand viruses during the twentieth century, which illustrate the analogous challenges of understanding miniscule lifeforms, whose effects, in aggregate, can stretch to enormous geographical scales. The entry concludes with a reading of Charles Yu’s short story “Systems,” which attempts to represent these scales and overcome viral neglect by radically restructuring the form, content, and characters of conventional Western narrative.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Of the many kinds of living micro-matter, viruses might seem to be the least neglected—particularly now, given the recent SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. However, many aspects of COVID-19 history illustrate not only how viruses are neglected but also how their very existence depends upon their ability to evade detection. To explain this dynamic, the entry begins with a short reading of Mona Awad’s short story “A Blue Sky Like This,” published at the end of the first wave of COVID-19. The story’s strange protagonist and her interactions with New York City residents under lockdown illustrate both the motivations for and consequences of willfully neglect of viral dangers. This reading is juxtaposed with a discussion of scientific efforts to identify and understand viruses during the twentieth century, which illustrate the analogous challenges of understanding miniscule lifeforms, whose effects, in aggregate, can stretch to enormous geographical scales. The entry concludes with a reading of Charles Yu’s short story “Systems,” which attempts to represent these scales and overcome viral neglect by radically restructuring the form, content, and characters of conventional Western narrative.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The term “interest” lacks a precise antonym. In English, we have “disinterested” and “uninteresting,” but we want for a term that denotes robust opposition to interest. The same appears to hold true in every other language (as far as we know). Interest’s missing antonym reflects not merely a widespread lexical oversight, but a misrecognition of interest’s complete and exact meaning. More importantly, the idea that interest has no opposite expresses a certain refusal to acknowledge the power of the impulse to extinguish interest, for the self and for others.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Why then do we foreclose interest’s possibility, degrade our (and others’) capacities to experience interest, and destroy interest’s objects? Why do we decline what interest proffers — which includes creative and subjective being, thinking, and relating — in favor of more primitive modes of survival, thoughtlessness, and nonbeing? Why do relationships — with ourselves, with others, with objects — toward which genuine interest draws us seem sometimes, if not often, unbearable?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;These questions are difficult. Their answers, even more so. Misinterest: Essays, Pensées, and Dreams attempts to approach them in an honest way, without making them fascinating, mysterious, boring, obscurantist, or fascinatingly mysteriously boringly obscurantist. Outwardly, Misinterest is concerned with dreams and forgetting and Eros and soaring dogs and groups and suicidal suburban teenagers and sex and jury duty and Nazis and fathers and hatred and holy parrots and fundamentalists and plagues and other things that may or may not be interesting. Ultimately, however, it seeks, like Jules Renard, “en restant exact” (in remaining true/real), to shed light on the establishment of misinterest, missingness, and mystery where and when they need not be, and, thus, on the psychic, familial, and political forces that compel us not to be when and where we ought.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The term “interest” lacks a precise antonym. In English, we have “disinterested” and “uninteresting,” but we want for a term that denotes robust opposition to interest. The same appears to hold true in every other language (as far as we know). Interest’s missing antonym reflects not merely a widespread lexical oversight, but a misrecognition of interest’s complete and exact meaning. More importantly, the idea that interest has no opposite expresses a certain refusal to acknowledge the power of the impulse to extinguish interest, for the self and for others.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Why then do we foreclose interest’s possibility, degrade our (and others’) capacities to experience interest, and destroy interest’s objects? Why do we decline what interest proffers — which includes creative and subjective being, thinking, and relating — in favor of more primitive modes of survival, thoughtlessness, and nonbeing? Why do relationships — with ourselves, with others, with objects — toward which genuine interest draws us seem sometimes, if not often, unbearable?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;These questions are difficult. Their answers, even more so. Misinterest: Essays, Pensées, and Dreams attempts to approach them in an honest way, without making them fascinating, mysterious, boring, obscurantist, or fascinatingly mysteriously boringly obscurantist. Outwardly, Misinterest is concerned with dreams and forgetting and Eros and soaring dogs and groups and suicidal suburban teenagers and sex and jury duty and Nazis and fathers and hatred and holy parrots and fundamentalists and plagues and other things that may or may not be interesting. Ultimately, however, it seeks, like Jules Renard, “en restant exact” (in remaining true/real), to shed light on the establishment of misinterest, missingness, and mystery where and when they need not be, and, thus, on the psychic, familial, and political forces that compel us not to be when and where we ought.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The term “interest” lacks a precise antonym. In English, we have “disinterested” and “uninteresting,” but we want for a term that denotes robust opposition to interest. The same appears to hold true in every other language (as far as we know). Interest’s missing antonym reflects not merely a widespread lexical oversight, but a misrecognition of interest’s complete and exact meaning. More importantly, the idea that interest has no opposite expresses a certain refusal to acknowledge the power of the impulse to extinguish interest, for the self and for others.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Why then do we foreclose interest’s possibility, degrade our (and others’) capacities to experience interest, and destroy interest’s objects? Why do we decline what interest proffers — which includes creative and subjective being, thinking, and relating — in favor of more primitive modes of survival, thoughtlessness, and nonbeing? Why do relationships — with ourselves, with others, with objects — toward which genuine interest draws us seem sometimes, if not often, unbearable?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;These questions are difficult. Their answers, even more so. Misinterest: Essays, Pensées, and Dreams attempts to approach them in an honest way, without making them fascinating, mysterious, boring, obscurantist, or fascinatingly mysteriously boringly obscurantist. Outwardly, Misinterest is concerned with dreams and forgetting and Eros and soaring dogs and groups and suicidal suburban teenagers and sex and jury duty and Nazis and fathers and hatred and holy parrots and fundamentalists and plagues and other things that may or may not be interesting. Ultimately, however, it seeks, like Jules Renard, “en restant exact” (in remaining true/real), to shed light on the establishment of misinterest, missingness, and mystery where and when they need not be, and, thus, on the psychic, familial, and political forces that compel us not to be when and where we ought.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The term “interest” lacks a precise antonym. In English, we have “disinterested” and “uninteresting,” but we want for a term that denotes robust opposition to interest. The same appears to hold true in every other language (as far as we know). Interest’s missing antonym reflects not merely a widespread lexical oversight, but a misrecognition of interest’s complete and exact meaning. More importantly, the idea that interest has no opposite expresses a certain refusal to acknowledge the power of the impulse to extinguish interest, for the self and for others.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Why then do we foreclose interest’s possibility, degrade our (and others’) capacities to experience interest, and destroy interest’s objects? Why do we decline what interest proffers — which includes creative and subjective being, thinking, and relating — in favor of more primitive modes of survival, thoughtlessness, and nonbeing? Why do relationships — with ourselves, with others, with objects — toward which genuine interest draws us seem sometimes, if not often, unbearable?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;These questions are difficult. Their answers, even more so. Misinterest: Essays, Pensées, and Dreams attempts to approach them in an honest way, without making them fascinating, mysterious, boring, obscurantist, or fascinatingly mysteriously boringly obscurantist. Outwardly, Misinterest is concerned with dreams and forgetting and Eros and soaring dogs and groups and suicidal suburban teenagers and sex and jury duty and Nazis and fathers and hatred and holy parrots and fundamentalists and plagues and other things that may or may not be interesting. Ultimately, however, it seeks, like Jules Renard, “en restant exact” (in remaining true/real), to shed light on the establishment of misinterest, missingness, and mystery where and when they need not be, and, thus, on the psychic, familial, and political forces that compel us not to be when and where we ought.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Entering the 21st century, the postmodern succession has given way to a doom-laden, apolitical orthodoxy. This book offers suggestive readings of “the contemporary” in light of high modernity, postwar modernity, and postmodernity, as framed by the influential institutions of modern art and the spectacles of millennial architecture. Modernity without a Project critiques and connects historical avant-garde currents as they are institutionally expressed or captured, and scrutinizes the remake of New York’s Museum of Modern Art, Minoru Yamasaki’s vanished Utopias, the “anarchitecture” of Lebbeus Woods, recent work of Rem Koolhaas, delirious developments in Dubai, and the unexpected contribution to architectural debate by the late Hugo Chavez&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Jan-Tage Kühling is a theater and performance scholar, theater maker, and cultural worker. Currently, he is the director of the Goethe-Centre in Yerevan, Armenia. Prior to this, he was connected to the independent performance scene in Berlin, Germany, where he was working for the Performing Arts Program. He holds a PhD in Performance Studies from Freie Universität Berlin and an MA in Applied Theatre Studies from JLU Giessen. His artistic and theoretical interests include non-professional aesthetics, notions of home, and questions of transculturality, especially in "Central and Eastern" Europe.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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        <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Sarah Lucie is Visiting Assistant Professor of Theatre at Worcester Polytechnic Institute in the Arts and Humanities Department. She holds a PhD in Theater and Performance from The Graduate Center, City University of New York and an MA in Performance Studies from New York University. Her research approaches contemporary performance through new materialism, ecocritical theory, and posthumanism, and she is assistant editor of The Drama Review.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Mourning the Ends: Collaborative Writing and Performance is an opening, a beginning, an attempt to rethink how we can be, think, and work together. This book, authored by a multitude, explores new methodologies of collaborative scholarship for the arts and humanities within the context of the various ecological, medical, military, and epistemic ends facing the world.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The authors of Mourning the Ends performed an experimental methodology as the book was researched, written, and revised by fifteen individuals situated across the globe. The writing emerged in part from a shared sense of mourning through the global pandemic and ongoing ecological catastrophes, yet the questions and arguments that are raised are immediately relevant as the rolling crises of our contemporary moment play out and further develop. The volume challenges a number of key areas in performance studies as well as foundational expectations and assumptions of the arts and humanities more broadly—namely, that writing and scholarship should be solitary endeavors. The authors write back against the model of thinking and studying that centers the singular genius, especially against the backdrop of enduring and apparent end times.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Mourning the Ends is in some ways a rehearsal for another future, a speculative engagement with performance, ecology, and academic affiliation beyond institutional bounds—a methodology for shared mourning, performance, and thinking.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Mourning the Ends: Collaborative Writing and Performance is an opening, a beginning, an attempt to rethink how we can be, think, and work together. This book, authored by a multitude, explores new methodologies of collaborative scholarship for the arts and humanities within the context of the various ecological, medical, military, and epistemic ends facing the world.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The authors of Mourning the Ends performed an experimental methodology as the book was researched, written, and revised by fifteen individuals situated across the globe. The writing emerged in part from a shared sense of mourning through the global pandemic and ongoing ecological catastrophes, yet the questions and arguments that are raised are immediately relevant as the rolling crises of our contemporary moment play out and further develop. The volume challenges a number of key areas in performance studies as well as foundational expectations and assumptions of the arts and humanities more broadly—namely, that writing and scholarship should be solitary endeavors. The authors write back against the model of thinking and studying that centers the singular genius, especially against the backdrop of enduring and apparent end times.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Mourning the Ends is in some ways a rehearsal for another future, a speculative engagement with performance, ecology, and academic affiliation beyond institutional bounds—a methodology for shared mourning, performance, and thinking.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Multispecies Storytelling in Intermedial Practices is a speculative endeavor asking how we may represent, relay, and read worlds differently by seeing other species as protagonists in their own rights. What other stories are to be invented and told from within those many-tongued chatters of multispecies collectives? Could such stories teach us how to become human otherwise?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Often, the human is defined as the sole creature who holds language, and consequently is capable of articulating, representing, and reflecting upon the world. And yet, the world is made and remade by ongoing and many-tongued conversations between various organisms reverberating with sound, movement, gestures, hormones, and electrical signals. Everywhere, life is making itself known, heard, and understood in a wide variety of media and modalities. Some of these registers are available to our human senses, while some are not.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Facing a not-so-distant future catastrophe, which in many ways and for many of us is already here, it is becoming painstakingly clear that our imaginaries are in dire need of corrections and replacements. How do we cultivate and share other kinds of stories and visions of the world that may hold promises of modest, yet radical hope? If we keep reproducing the same kind of languages, the same kinds of scientific gatekeeping, the same kinds of stories about “our” place in nature, we remain numb in the face of collapse.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Multispecies Storytelling in Intermedial Practices offers steps toward a (self)critical multispecies philosophy which interrogates and qualifies the broad and seemingly neutral concept of humanity utilized in and around conversations grounded within Western science and academia. Artists, activists, writers, and scientists give a myriad of different interpretations of how to tell our worlds using different media – and possibly gives hints as to how to change it, too. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;-&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Multispecies Storytelling in Intermedial Practices is a speculative endeavor asking how we may represent, relay, and read worlds differently by seeing other species as protagonists in their own rights. What other stories are to be invented and told from within those many-tongued chatters of multispecies collectives? Could such stories teach us how to become human otherwise?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Often, the human is defined as the sole creature who holds language, and consequently is capable of articulating, representing, and reflecting upon the world. And yet, the world is made and remade by ongoing and many-tongued conversations between various organisms reverberating with sound, movement, gestures, hormones, and electrical signals. Everywhere, life is making itself known, heard, and understood in a wide variety of media and modalities. Some of these registers are available to our human senses, while some are not.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Facing a not-so-distant future catastrophe, which in many ways and for many of us is already here, it is becoming painstakingly clear that our imaginaries are in dire need of corrections and replacements. How do we cultivate and share other kinds of stories and visions of the world that may hold promises of modest, yet radical hope? If we keep reproducing the same kind of languages, the same kinds of scientific gatekeeping, the same kinds of stories about “our” place in nature, we remain numb in the face of collapse.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Multispecies Storytelling in Intermedial Practices offers steps toward a (self)critical multispecies philosophy which interrogates and qualifies the broad and seemingly neutral concept of humanity utilized in and around conversations grounded within Western science and academia. Artists, activists, writers, and scientists give a myriad of different interpretations of how to tell our worlds using different media – and possibly gives hints as to how to change it, too. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;-&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Ida Bencke holds an MA in Comparative Literature. She is co-founder of the curatorial platform Laboratory for Aesthetics and Ecology. Her curatorial work spans experimental exhibition formats, care activism, and speculative feminist aesthetics. Her recent exhibition projects investigate domestic technologies of resistance and insurgent practices of m/otherhood. Research interests include radical practices of mourning, play and pleasure, shared vulnerabilities, and soft resistance tactics. Currently, she holds a position as in-house curator with the Center for Arts and Mental Health in Copenhagen investigating the exhibition as a site of repair.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Jørgen Bruhn is professor of Comparative Literature at Linnæus University, Sweden. His two latest monographs are The Intermediality of Narrative Literature. Medialities Matter (Palgrave Macmillan, 2016) and, with Anne Gjelsvik, Cinema Between Media: An Intermedial Approach (Edinburgh University Press, 2018). With Beate Schirr­macher he edited Intermedial Studies. An Introduction to Meaning across Media (Routledge, 2022). His main research areas are literary theory, intermediality and media studies, ecocriticism and environmental humanities. He is currently writing a book under the working title Intermedial Ecocriticism: Anthropocene Representations across Media (with Niklas Salmose) to be published at Lexington Books in 2023.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;After philosophical and psychological studies, Vinciane Despret specialized in ethology, the study of animal behavior, and became fascinated by the humans who work with animals. Borrowing a path from philosophy of sciences, her work combines ethological and psychological research with the goal of understanding and explaining how scientists build their theories, how they interact with historical and social contexts, and what relation is established between them and animals.  She is currently Maître de Conférences at the University of Liège and at the Free University of Brussels. Despret is the author of numerous articles and books, some of them having been translated in English: Our Emotional Makeup, trans. Marjolijn de Jager (Other Press, 2004); What Would Animals Say If We Asked the Right Questions?, trans. Brett Buchanan (University of Minnesota Press, 2016); Living as a Bird, trans. Helen Morrison (Polity, 2021), Our Grateful Dead: Stories of Those Left Behind, trans. Stephen Muecke (University of Minnesota Press, 2021) and, with Isabelle Stengers, Women Who Make a Fuss: The Unfaithful Daughters of Virginia Woolf, trans. April Knutson (University of Minnesota Press, 2014).&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Multispecies Storytelling in Intermedial Practices is a speculative endeavor asking how we may represent, relay, and read worlds differently by seeing other species as protagonists in their own rights. What other stories are to be invented and told from within those many-tongued chatters of multispecies collectives? Could such stories teach us how to become human otherwise?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Often, the human is defined as the sole creature who holds language, and consequently is capable of articulating, representing, and reflecting upon the world. And yet, the world is made and remade by ongoing and many-tongued conversations between various organisms reverberating with sound, movement, gestures, hormones, and electrical signals. Everywhere, life is making itself known, heard, and understood in a wide variety of media and modalities. Some of these registers are available to our human senses, while some are not.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Facing a not-so-distant future catastrophe, which in many ways and for many of us is already here, it is becoming painstakingly clear that our imaginaries are in dire need of corrections and replacements. How do we cultivate and share other kinds of stories and visions of the world that may hold promises of modest, yet radical hope? If we keep reproducing the same kind of languages, the same kinds of scientific gatekeeping, the same kinds of stories about “our” place in nature, we remain numb in the face of collapse.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Multispecies Storytelling in Intermedial Practices offers steps toward a (self)critical multispecies philosophy which interrogates and qualifies the broad and seemingly neutral concept of humanity utilized in and around conversations grounded within Western science and academia. Artists, activists, writers, and scientists give a myriad of different interpretations of how to tell our worlds using different media – and possibly gives hints as to how to change it, too. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;-&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Multispecies Storytelling in Intermedial Practices is a speculative endeavor asking how we may represent, relay, and read worlds differently by seeing other species as protagonists in their own rights. What other stories are to be invented and told from within those many-tongued chatters of multispecies collectives? Could such stories teach us how to become human otherwise?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Often, the human is defined as the sole creature who holds language, and consequently is capable of articulating, representing, and reflecting upon the world. And yet, the world is made and remade by ongoing and many-tongued conversations between various organisms reverberating with sound, movement, gestures, hormones, and electrical signals. Everywhere, life is making itself known, heard, and understood in a wide variety of media and modalities. Some of these registers are available to our human senses, while some are not.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Facing a not-so-distant future catastrophe, which in many ways and for many of us is already here, it is becoming painstakingly clear that our imaginaries are in dire need of corrections and replacements. How do we cultivate and share other kinds of stories and visions of the world that may hold promises of modest, yet radical hope? If we keep reproducing the same kind of languages, the same kinds of scientific gatekeeping, the same kinds of stories about “our” place in nature, we remain numb in the face of collapse.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Multispecies Storytelling in Intermedial Practices offers steps toward a (self)critical multispecies philosophy which interrogates and qualifies the broad and seemingly neutral concept of humanity utilized in and around conversations grounded within Western science and academia. Artists, activists, writers, and scientists give a myriad of different interpretations of how to tell our worlds using different media – and possibly gives hints as to how to change it, too. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;-&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Ida Bencke holds an MA in Comparative Literature. She is co-founder of the curatorial platform Laboratory for Aesthetics and Ecology. Her curatorial work spans experimental exhibition formats, care activism, and speculative feminist aesthetics. Her recent exhibition projects investigate domestic technologies of resistance and insurgent practices of m/otherhood. Research interests include radical practices of mourning, play and pleasure, shared vulnerabilities, and soft resistance tactics. Currently, she holds a position as in-house curator with the Center for Arts and Mental Health in Copenhagen investigating the exhibition as a site of repair.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Jørgen Bruhn is professor of Comparative Literature at Linnæus University, Sweden. His two latest monographs are The Intermediality of Narrative Literature. Medialities Matter (Palgrave Macmillan, 2016) and, with Anne Gjelsvik, Cinema Between Media: An Intermedial Approach (Edinburgh University Press, 2018). With Beate Schirr­macher he edited Intermedial Studies. An Introduction to Meaning across Media (Routledge, 2022). His main research areas are literary theory, intermediality and media studies, ecocriticism and environmental humanities. He is currently writing a book under the working title Intermedial Ecocriticism: Anthropocene Representations across Media (with Niklas Salmose) to be published at Lexington Books in 2023.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;After philosophical and psychological studies, Vinciane Despret specialized in ethology, the study of animal behavior, and became fascinated by the humans who work with animals. Borrowing a path from philosophy of sciences, her work combines ethological and psychological research with the goal of understanding and explaining how scientists build their theories, how they interact with historical and social contexts, and what relation is established between them and animals.  She is currently Maître de Conférences at the University of Liège and at the Free University of Brussels. Despret is the author of numerous articles and books, some of them having been translated in English: Our Emotional Makeup, trans. Marjolijn de Jager (Other Press, 2004); What Would Animals Say If We Asked the Right Questions?, trans. Brett Buchanan (University of Minnesota Press, 2016); Living as a Bird, trans. Helen Morrison (Polity, 2021), Our Grateful Dead: Stories of Those Left Behind, trans. Stephen Muecke (University of Minnesota Press, 2021) and, with Isabelle Stengers, Women Who Make a Fuss: The Unfaithful Daughters of Virginia Woolf, trans. April Knutson (University of Minnesota Press, 2014).&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Karin Bolender (aka K-Haw Hart) is an artist–researcher who seeks untold stories within meshes of mammals, plants, pollinators, microbes, and many others. Since 2008, K-Haw’s projects have come under the auspices of the Rural Alchemy Workshop (R.A.W.), a homegrown, collaborative living-art practice that explores dirty words and tangled wisdoms of earthly ecologies through performance, writing, video/sound installation, and experimental book arts. Durational and site-specific projects and performances include R.A.W. Assmilk Soap, Gut Sounds Lullaby, and Welcome to the Secretome. K-Haw has an MFA in Interdisciplinary Art from Goddard College and a PhD in Environmental Humanities from UNSW in Sydney. 3Ecologies/punctum books published The Unnaming of Aliass in 2020. The R.A.W. herd resides in patchwork forested hills between the ocean and mountains in western Oregon.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Emily McGriffin has held teaching and research positions at the Universities of British Columbia, Ghana, and Edinburgh and is currently a Research Fellow at University College London. Her monograph, Of Land, Bones, and Money: Toward a South African Ecopoetics (University of Virginia Press, 2019), examines the environmental politics of South African poetry. She is also the author of two poetry collections.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Mythodologies challenges the implied methodology in contemporary studies in the humanities. We claim, at times, that we gather facts or what we will call evidence, and from that form hypotheses and conclusions. Of course, we recognize that the sum total of evidence for any argument is beyond comprehension; therefore, we construct, and we claim, preliminary hypotheses, perhaps to organize the chaos of evidence, or perhaps simply to find it; we might then see (we claim) whether that evidence challenges our tentative hypotheses. Ideally, we could work this way. Yet the history of scholarship and our own practices suggest we do nothing of the kind. Rather, we work the way we teach our composition students to write: choose or construct a thesis, then invent the evidence to support it.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This book has three parts, examining such methods and pseudo-methods of invention in medieval studies, bibliography, and editing. Part One, “Noster Chaucer,” looks at examples in Chaucer studies, such as the notion that Chaucer wrote iambic pentameter, and the definition of a canon in Chaucer. “Our” Chaucer has, it seems, little to do with Chaucer himself, and in constructing this entity, Chaucerians are engaged largely in self-validation of their own tradition. Part Two, “Bibliography and Book History,” consists of three studies in the field of bibliography: the recent rise in studies of annotations; the implications of presumably neutral terminology in editing, a case-study in cataloguing. Part Three, “Cacophonies: A Bibliographical Rondo,” is a series of brief studies extending these critiques to other areas in the humanities. It seems not to matter what we talk about: meter, book history, the sex life of bonobos. In all of these discussions, we see the persistence of error, the intractability of uncritical assumptions, and the dominance of authority over evidence.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;mythomaniaS is a catalog of case studies in the form of film stills, architectural fragments, stage props, texts, and images culled from the experiments of MindMachineMakingMyths (Lab M4, part of the New Territories architecture studio, Bankgok, Thailand), a collaboration begun in 2012 between Camille Lacadee and François Roche to construct environmental-architectural psycho-scapes (in the partly fabricated wilds of various countries) as laboratory-shelters for exploring and deconstructing the supposed rifts between realism and speculative fiction (myth), psyche and environment, body and mind. Bringing together architecture, Deleuze and Guatarri’s schizoanalysis and deterritorialization, and Alfred Jarry’s pataphysics (the “science of imaginary solutions which symbolically attributes the properties of objects, described by their virtuality, to their lineaments”), Lacadee and Roche (and their tribe, Ezio Blasetti, Stephan Henrich, Danielle Willems, Gwyll Jahn, and many others) enacted and filmed mise-en-abymes in which certain scripted para-psychic narratives and architectural structures merge in the pursuit of reclaiming resilience — described by Roche as a tactic for merging refusal and vitality into a schizophrenic logic able to navigate the antagonism between the bottom-up and top-down conditions of the globalized world. In these fabricated schizoid psycho-nature-machine-scapes, the human being is no longer a bio-ecological consumer but a psycho-computing animal that emerges co-dependently with its environment in a hyper-local haecceity (“this-ness”).&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;mythomaniaS is a catalog of case studies in the form of film stills, architectural fragments, stage props, texts, and images culled from the experiments of MindMachineMakingMyths (Lab M4, part of the New Territories architecture studio, Bankgok, Thailand), a collaboration begun in 2012 between Camille Lacadee and François Roche to construct environmental-architectural psycho-scapes (in the partly fabricated wilds of various countries) as laboratory-shelters for exploring and deconstructing the supposed rifts between realism and speculative fiction (myth), psyche and environment, body and mind. Bringing together architecture, Deleuze and Guatarri’s schizoanalysis and deterritorialization, and Alfred Jarry’s pataphysics (the “science of imaginary solutions which symbolically attributes the properties of objects, described by their virtuality, to their lineaments”), Lacadee and Roche (and their tribe, Ezio Blasetti, Stephan Henrich, Danielle Willems, Gwyll Jahn, and many others) enacted and filmed mise-en-abymes in which certain scripted para-psychic narratives and architectural structures merge in the pursuit of reclaiming resilience — described by Roche as a tactic for merging refusal and vitality into a schizophrenic logic able to navigate the antagonism between the bottom-up and top-down conditions of the globalized world. In these fabricated schizoid psycho-nature-machine-scapes, the human being is no longer a bio-ecological consumer but a psycho-computing animal that emerges co-dependently with its environment in a hyper-local haecceity (“this-ness”).&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The reasons behind this work are unknown to me, but the path it is taking, both demonstrative and absurd, makes this journey, the vectorization of the emergences coming from non-formulated hypotheses, the only reason possibly able to validate them.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">| what could happen |</TitleText>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Something makes people want to walk, ride or climb to the mountaintops - how dangerous an undertaking this may be because of conditions of terrain and weather. It is something completely irrational. Some have themselves brought to the tops of mountains with trains, cable cars and even helicopters. It is often thought that this is to appreciate a sublime, untameable nature, since it has been already the theme of many a sublime Romantic painting or poem. But in fact most Alpine mountain tops are as artificial as a Dutch polder, not just with the crosses on top, but with mines dug underneath, avalanche protection, restaurants, hotels, ski slopes, ski lifts, half-pipes for snowboarders, artificial lakes to produce artificial snow, a view of the urbanized valley below, and in summer, cows not for the production of milk and meat but for maintenance. All of this is realized only to enable people dressed in special clothes, helmets, and harnesses, to throw themselves down again literally as soon as they have arrived on top, using sleighs, skis, snowboards or specially designed and high-tech so-called freeride mountain bikes.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;mythomaniaS is a catalog of case studies in the form of film stills, architectural fragments, stage props, texts, and images culled from the experiments of MindMachineMakingMyths (Lab M4, part of the New Territories architecture studio, Bankgok, Thailand), a collaboration begun in 2012 between Camille Lacadee and François Roche to construct environmental-architectural psycho-scapes (in the partly fabricated wilds of various countries) as laboratory-shelters for exploring and deconstructing the supposed rifts between realism and speculative fiction (myth), psyche and environment, body and mind. Bringing together architecture, Deleuze and Guatarri’s schizoanalysis and deterritorialization, and Alfred Jarry’s pataphysics (the “science of imaginary solutions which symbolically attributes the properties of objects, described by their virtuality, to their lineaments”), Lacadee and Roche (and their tribe, Ezio Blasetti, Stephan Henrich, Danielle Willems, Gwyll Jahn, and many others) enacted and filmed mise-en-abymes in which certain scripted para-psychic narratives and architectural structures merge in the pursuit of reclaiming resilience — described by Roche as a tactic for merging refusal and vitality into a schizophrenic logic able to navigate the antagonism between the bottom-up and top-down conditions of the globalized world. In these fabricated schizoid psycho-nature-machine-scapes, the human being is no longer a bio-ecological consumer but a psycho-computing animal that emerges co-dependently with its environment in a hyper-local haecceity (“this-ness”).&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;mythomaniaS is a catalog of case studies in the form of film stills, architectural fragments, stage props, texts, and images culled from the experiments of MindMachineMakingMyths (Lab M4, part of the New Territories architecture studio, Bankgok, Thailand), a collaboration begun in 2012 between Camille Lacadee and François Roche to construct environmental-architectural psycho-scapes (in the partly fabricated wilds of various countries) as laboratory-shelters for exploring and deconstructing the supposed rifts between realism and speculative fiction (myth), psyche and environment, body and mind. Bringing together architecture, Deleuze and Guatarri’s schizoanalysis and deterritorialization, and Alfred Jarry’s pataphysics (the “science of imaginary solutions which symbolically attributes the properties of objects, described by their virtuality, to their lineaments”), Lacadee and Roche (and their tribe, Ezio Blasetti, Stephan Henrich, Danielle Willems, Gwyll Jahn, and many others) enacted and filmed mise-en-abymes in which certain scripted para-psychic narratives and architectural structures merge in the pursuit of reclaiming resilience — described by Roche as a tactic for merging refusal and vitality into a schizophrenic logic able to navigate the antagonism between the bottom-up and top-down conditions of the globalized world. In these fabricated schizoid psycho-nature-machine-scapes, the human being is no longer a bio-ecological consumer but a psycho-computing animal that emerges co-dependently with its environment in a hyper-local haecceity (“this-ness”).&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Tessa Diphoorn is Associate Professor at the Department of Cultural Anthropology at Utrecht University. Her research and teaching focuses on security, violence, and sovereignty in Kenya and South Africa. She published Twilight Policing: Private Security and Violence in Urban South Africa (University of California Press, 2016) and is co-editor of Security Blurs: The Politics of Plural Security Provision (Routledge, 2019) with Erella Grassiani.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Joost Fontein is Professor of Anthropology at the University of Johannesburg. Between 2014 and 2018 he was Director of the British Institute in Eastern Africa in Nairobi, on secondment from the University of Edinburgh. He published The Silence of Great Zimbabwe: Contested Landscapes and the Power of Heritage (UCL Press, 2006), Remaking Mutirikwi: Landscape, Water and Belonging (James Currey, 2015), and The Politics of the Dead in Zimbabwe, 2000–2020: Bones, Rumours and Spirits (James Currey, 2022). He is currently editor of Africa, the journal of the International Africa Institute.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Peter Lockwood is a Hallsworth Early Career Research Fellow in Political Economy at the University of Manchester. He is completing a book about the crisis of “wasted men” in central Kenya: the region’s landscape of masculine destitution, its roots in the collapse of peasant livelihoods and lost hopes for middle-class futures. His published work has appeared in the Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute, Social Analysis, and African Affairs.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Constance Smith is Lecturer and UKRI Future Leader Fellow in Social Anthropology at the University of Manchester. Her research explores landscapes of architecture, time, and urban change with a particular interest in participatory and practice-led research in collaboration with artists, communities, and urban practitioners. Her work has been widely published and has featured in several exhibitions, including at the National Museums of Kenya.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Doseline Kiguru is Lecturer in World Literatures in English at the University of Bristol. Her primary research interest is postcolonial print and digital cultures with a focus on African literary and cultural production mechanisms. She has published widely in this area and her articles have appeared in journals including Journal of English in Africa, Social Dynamics, African Studies, and Tydskrif vir letterkunde.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;James Muriuki is a Nairobi-based artist specializing in photography and lens-based media. He is interested in transitioning societies in the Global South, the different knowledge systems occurring within the visual arts environments of those societies, and how these systems are enmeshed within the social fabric.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Joost Fontein is Professor of Anthropology at the University of Johannesburg. Between 2014 and 2018 he was Director of the British Institute in Eastern Africa in Nairobi, on secondment from the University of Edinburgh. He published The Silence of Great Zimbabwe: Contested Landscapes and the Power of Heritage (UCL Press, 2006), Remaking Mutirikwi: Landscape, Water and Belonging (James Currey, 2015), and The Politics of the Dead in Zimbabwe, 2000–2020: Bones, Rumours and Spirits (James Currey, 2022). He is currently editor of Africa, the journal of the International Africa Institute.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Constance Smith is Lecturer and UKRI Future Leader Fellow in Social Anthropology at the University of Manchester. Her research explores landscapes of architecture, time, and urban change with a particular interest in participatory and practice-led research in collaboration with artists, communities, and urban practitioners. Her work has been widely published and has featured in several exhibitions, including at the National Museums of Kenya.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Elias Mung’ora is a visual artist. His work is mostly inspired by life in the urban space of Nairobi with paintings, drawings, photography, and woodcut prints being his principal media. His practice appears to share glimpses into everyday Nairobi’s life by capturing significant moments such as a wedding or a portrait session. He is a member of Brush-Tu Artist Collective, a Nairobi-based artists’ collective and the winner of the Manjano Art Competition in 2016 in Nairobi.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Peris Jones works at the Norwegian Centre for Human Rights, Faculty of Law, University of Oslo. His most recent publications are Human Rights and Development (Routledge, 2023), “Decolonising Human Rights: The Rise of Nairobi’s Social Justice Centres,” in The Urban Politics of Human Rights, eds. Janne Nijman et al. (Routledge, 2022), and “Economic and Social Rights and the City,” in The Oxford Handbook of Economic and Social Rights, eds. Malcolm Langford and Katharine G. Young (Oxford University Press, 2022).&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Teresa Mbatia is as a Lecturer at the University of Nairobi, Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, where she teaches Urban Geography, Sustainable Urban Development, Urban Geo-Politics courses. Mbatia’s main research interests are on citizen participation in the management of public urban greenspaces and implications thereof on spatial (in)justice and (in)equality in the use, management, and access of the nature reserves.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Bengt (Beppe) G. Karlsson is Professor of Social Anthropology at Stockholm University. He is mainly working on issues relating indigenous peoples and the society-environment interface, with particular focus on the politics of ethnicity and nature in India. Karlsson is the author of Contested Belonging: An Indigenous People’s Struggle for Forest and Identity in Sub-Himalayan Bengal (Routledge, 2000), Unruly Hills: A Political Ecology of India’s Northeast (Berghahn Books, 2011), Leaving the Land: Indigenous Migration and Affective Labour in India (Cambridge University Press, 2019, co-authored with Dolly Kikon), and the edited volumes Indigeneity in India (Kegan Paul 2006, with Tanka B. Subba), Geographies of Difference: Explorations in Northeast Indian Studies (Routledge, 2017, with M. Vandenhelsken and M. Barkataki-Ruscheweyh), and Seedways: The Circulation, Care and Control of Plants in a Warming World (Vitterhetsakademien, 2021, with Annika Rabo).&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Billy Kahora is currently a Lecturer in Creative Writing at the University of Bristol and is also a founding partner of Saseni! a creative writing teaching platform leading writing workshops in East Africa and Bristol. He has written a non-fiction novella titled The True Story of David Munyakei (2010) and a short story collection The Cape Cod Bicycle War (2019). His story Urban Zoning was shortlisted for the Caine Prize for Africa Writing in 2012, The Gorilla’s Apprentice in 2014. He wrote the screenplay for Soul Boy and co-wrote Nairobi Half Life, which won the Kalasha awards. His short fiction and creative non-fiction has appeared in Chimurenga, McSweeney’s, Granta Online, Internazionale and Vanity Fair, and Kwani. He has just completed a novel titled Babilon Falling.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Joost Fontein is Professor of Anthropology at the University of Johannesburg. Between 2014 and 2018 he was Director of the British Institute in Eastern Africa in Nairobi, on secondment from the University of Edinburgh. He published The Silence of Great Zimbabwe: Contested Landscapes and the Power of Heritage (UCL Press, 2006), Remaking Mutirikwi: Landscape, Water and Belonging (James Currey, 2015), and The Politics of the Dead in Zimbabwe, 2000–2020: Bones, Rumours and Spirits (James Currey, 2022). He is currently editor of Africa, the journal of the International Africa Institute.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Joost Fontein is Professor of Anthropology at the University of Johannesburg. Between 2014 and 2018 he was Director of the British Institute in Eastern Africa in Nairobi, on secondment from the University of Edinburgh. He published The Silence of Great Zimbabwe: Contested Landscapes and the Power of Heritage (UCL Press, 2006), Remaking Mutirikwi: Landscape, Water and Belonging (James Currey, 2015), and The Politics of the Dead in Zimbabwe, 2000–2020: Bones, Rumours and Spirits (James Currey, 2022). He is currently editor of Africa, the journal of the International Africa Institute.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Annie Pfingst applies an interdisciplinary visual, archival, and discursive practice to encounters with the materiality and spatiality of carceral and colonizing geographies, emergency landscapes, geographies of resistance, and the legacy of settler colonial violence. She has exhibited and presented photographic, installation, and multi-media works at galleries, conferences, and symposia in London, Sydney, Nairobi, Berlin, and Java. In 2021, Annie created Haunting, a visual walk through the carceral landscapes of empire across Palestine and Kenya.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <PersonName>Craig Halliday</PersonName>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Craig Halliday is an artist and researcher who focuses on the intersection of art, politics, and activism and the potential of the arts and popular culture to extend and deepen the experience of democracy. From 2018 to 2020 he was co-editor of Nairobi Contemporary, the only print magazine dedicated to contemporary art in Kenya and the wider region.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Al-Almin Mutunga is a Kenya-based photographer. His work has been featured on The Daily Nation, BBC, Standard News, among other venues. His work was nominated at the Kenya MasterPieces Awards, documentary category, in 2016, and he was the lead photographer of Softie, a documentary which was voted best editorial at Sundance and nominated at the Oscars in 2020.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Onyis Martin is a visual artist based out of the Kobo Trust, where along with other artists, he mentors and facilitates aspiring artists with opportunities to develop their talent. Experimenting with a wide range of materials, Martin explores the human condition and the global geo-political interface, specifically through issues surrounding human trafficking, migration, corruption, and displacement. In his most recent group of works, Talking Walls (2016), Martin extended his exploration of how information depends on and is influenced by freedom and social structure towards investigating the rise of consumerism.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Mario Schmidt is Senior Fellow at the Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology in Halle (Saale), where his geographical focus is on rural Western Kenya and Nairobi. His research focuses on economic practices, narratives, and discourses in rural east Africa. He has recently published Migrants and Masculinity in High-Rise Nairobi: The Pressure of being a Man in an African City (James Currey, 2024).&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Wambui Wamae Kamiru Collymore has been developing artwork around the theme of colonialism, identity, and independence in Africa. She is the founder of The Art Space, an online contemporary gallery with alternative show spaces, based in Nairobi. Her work has been exhibited in Kenya, South Africa, Poland, Germany, and Denmark. She lives and works in Nairobi. http://wambuikamiru.com/&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Meghan E. Ference is Assistant Professor of Anthropology at Brooklyn College, CUNY. Her forthcoming book, Matatu Work: Gender, Labor and Mobility explores the working conditions of the men and women in Nairobi’s popular transportation sector and is based on two decades of ethnographic fieldwork with transport workers in Kenya.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Craig Halliday is an artist and researcher who focuses on the intersection of art, politics, and activism and the potential of the arts and popular culture to extend and deepen the experience of democracy. From 2018 to 2020 he was co-editor of Nairobi Contemporary, the only print magazine dedicated to contemporary art in Kenya and the wider region.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Bengt (Beppe) G. Karlsson is Professor of Social Anthropology at Stockholm University. He is mainly working on issues relating indigenous peoples and the society-environment interface, with particular focus on the politics of ethnicity and nature in India. Karlsson is the author of Contested Belonging: An Indigenous People’s Struggle for Forest and Identity in Sub-Himalayan Bengal (Routledge, 2000), Unruly Hills: A Political Ecology of India’s Northeast (Berghahn Books, 2011), Leaving the Land: Indigenous Migration and Affective Labour in India (Cambridge University Press, 2019, co-authored with Dolly Kikon), and the edited volumes Indigeneity in India (Kegan Paul 2006, with Tanka B. Subba), Geographies of Difference: Explorations in Northeast Indian Studies (Routledge, 2017, with M. Vandenhelsken and M. Barkataki-Ruscheweyh), and Seedways: The Circulation, Care and Control of Plants in a Warming World (Vitterhetsakademien, 2021, with Annika Rabo).&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Echoing the edgy, disjunctive, ever-emergent city of Nairobi that it explores, Nairobi Becoming: Security, Uncertainty, Contingency strives to be several things-in-the-making. It is a historically and anthropologically minded examination of a shifting cityscape, an experimental, collaborative exercise in curated juxtaposition and assemblage, and an interdisciplinary, subjunctive urban ethnography. It brings together curated interventions by twenty-seven artists, scholars, and writers to trace Nairobi’s becoming. Methodologically experimental and multimodal, it seeks to balance an appreciation of Nairobi’s fragmented character while also recognizing its contingent coherency.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Nairobi Becoming curates an eclectic collection of different voices and interventions to evoke something of the city's manifold guises and historicities – an urban mosaic of partial experiences as well as dawning possibilities for future becomings. Assembling scholarship, literature, creative non-fiction, and visual art, the contributions are arranged around particular themes, while resisting the urge to develop a singular coherent voice. Security – in its various guises – is the linking thread, the point of articulation that connects apparently disparate elements of Nairobi life, from sex work to roadbuilding, goat markets to funerals. Security is here an analytical operator: a concept that refracts the seemingly diverse modalities of life in Nairobi, and, with the related domains of uncertainty and contingency, brings the city’s dynamics of fragmentation and coherence to the surface in surprising ways.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;If confronting Nairobi’s will to coherence amidst the strains of fragmentation is the empirical and analytical challenge of Nairobi Becoming, then it is through collaboration and juxtaposition, curation and contrast, and the messiness of assemblage, that this book chimes with the fraught multiplicities of a city-in-the-making. As such, this book is also an exploration of the inevitable tension that exists between curatorial intent and the possibility of allowing each contribution to stand for itself.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Introduction</TitleText>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Tessa Diphoorn is Associate Professor at the Department of Cultural Anthropology at Utrecht University. Her research and teaching focuses on security, violence, and sovereignty in Kenya and South Africa. She published Twilight Policing: Private Security and Violence in Urban South Africa (University of California Press, 2016) and is co-editor of Security Blurs: The Politics of Plural Security Provision (Routledge, 2019) with Erella Grassiani.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Joost Fontein is Professor of Anthropology at the University of Johannesburg. Between 2014 and 2018 he was Director of the British Institute in Eastern Africa in Nairobi, on secondment from the University of Edinburgh. He published The Silence of Great Zimbabwe: Contested Landscapes and the Power of Heritage (UCL Press, 2006), Remaking Mutirikwi: Landscape, Water and Belonging (James Currey, 2015), and The Politics of the Dead in Zimbabwe, 2000–2020: Bones, Rumours and Spirits (James Currey, 2022). He is currently editor of Africa, the journal of the International Africa Institute.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Peter Lockwood is a Hallsworth Early Career Research Fellow in Political Economy at the University of Manchester. He is completing a book about the crisis of “wasted men” in central Kenya: the region’s landscape of masculine destitution, its roots in the collapse of peasant livelihoods and lost hopes for middle-class futures. His published work has appeared in the Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute, Social Analysis, and African Affairs.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Doseline Kiguru is Lecturer in World Literatures in English at the University of Bristol. Her primary research interest is postcolonial print and digital cultures with a focus on African literary and cultural production mechanisms. She has published widely in this area and her articles have appeared in journals including Journal of English in Africa, Social Dynamics, African Studies, and Tydskrif vir letterkunde.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;James Muriuki is a Nairobi-based artist specializing in photography and lens-based media. He is interested in transitioning societies in the Global South, the different knowledge systems occurring within the visual arts environments of those societies, and how these systems are enmeshed within the social fabric.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Joost Fontein is Professor of Anthropology at the University of Johannesburg. Between 2014 and 2018 he was Director of the British Institute in Eastern Africa in Nairobi, on secondment from the University of Edinburgh. He published The Silence of Great Zimbabwe: Contested Landscapes and the Power of Heritage (UCL Press, 2006), Remaking Mutirikwi: Landscape, Water and Belonging (James Currey, 2015), and The Politics of the Dead in Zimbabwe, 2000–2020: Bones, Rumours and Spirits (James Currey, 2022). He is currently editor of Africa, the journal of the International Africa Institute.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Constance Smith is Lecturer and UKRI Future Leader Fellow in Social Anthropology at the University of Manchester. Her research explores landscapes of architecture, time, and urban change with a particular interest in participatory and practice-led research in collaboration with artists, communities, and urban practitioners. Her work has been widely published and has featured in several exhibitions, including at the National Museums of Kenya.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Elias Mung’ora is a visual artist. His work is mostly inspired by life in the urban space of Nairobi with paintings, drawings, photography, and woodcut prints being his principal media. His practice appears to share glimpses into everyday Nairobi’s life by capturing significant moments such as a wedding or a portrait session. He is a member of Brush-Tu Artist Collective, a Nairobi-based artists’ collective and the winner of the Manjano Art Competition in 2016 in Nairobi.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Peris Jones works at the Norwegian Centre for Human Rights, Faculty of Law, University of Oslo. His most recent publications are Human Rights and Development (Routledge, 2023), “Decolonising Human Rights: The Rise of Nairobi’s Social Justice Centres,” in The Urban Politics of Human Rights, eds. Janne Nijman et al. (Routledge, 2022), and “Economic and Social Rights and the City,” in The Oxford Handbook of Economic and Social Rights, eds. Malcolm Langford and Katharine G. Young (Oxford University Press, 2022).&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Teresa Mbatia is as a Lecturer at the University of Nairobi, Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, where she teaches Urban Geography, Sustainable Urban Development, Urban Geo-Politics courses. Mbatia’s main research interests are on citizen participation in the management of public urban greenspaces and implications thereof on spatial (in)justice and (in)equality in the use, management, and access of the nature reserves.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Bengt (Beppe) G. Karlsson is Professor of Social Anthropology at Stockholm University. He is mainly working on issues relating indigenous peoples and the society-environment interface, with particular focus on the politics of ethnicity and nature in India. Karlsson is the author of Contested Belonging: An Indigenous People’s Struggle for Forest and Identity in Sub-Himalayan Bengal (Routledge, 2000), Unruly Hills: A Political Ecology of India’s Northeast (Berghahn Books, 2011), Leaving the Land: Indigenous Migration and Affective Labour in India (Cambridge University Press, 2019, co-authored with Dolly Kikon), and the edited volumes Indigeneity in India (Kegan Paul 2006, with Tanka B. Subba), Geographies of Difference: Explorations in Northeast Indian Studies (Routledge, 2017, with M. Vandenhelsken and M. Barkataki-Ruscheweyh), and Seedways: The Circulation, Care and Control of Plants in a Warming World (Vitterhetsakademien, 2021, with Annika Rabo).&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Billy Kahora is currently a Lecturer in Creative Writing at the University of Bristol and is also a founding partner of Saseni! a creative writing teaching platform leading writing workshops in East Africa and Bristol. He has written a non-fiction novella titled The True Story of David Munyakei (2010) and a short story collection The Cape Cod Bicycle War (2019). His story Urban Zoning was shortlisted for the Caine Prize for Africa Writing in 2012, The Gorilla’s Apprentice in 2014. He wrote the screenplay for Soul Boy and co-wrote Nairobi Half Life, which won the Kalasha awards. His short fiction and creative non-fiction has appeared in Chimurenga, McSweeney’s, Granta Online, Internazionale and Vanity Fair, and Kwani. He has just completed a novel titled Babilon Falling.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Al-Almin Mutunga is a Kenya-based photographer. His work has been featured on The Daily Nation, BBC, Standard News, among other venues. His work was nominated at the Kenya MasterPieces Awards, documentary category, in 2016, and he was the lead photographer of Softie, a documentary which was voted best editorial at Sundance and nominated at the Oscars in 2020.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Onyis Martin is a visual artist based out of the Kobo Trust, where along with other artists, he mentors and facilitates aspiring artists with opportunities to develop their talent. Experimenting with a wide range of materials, Martin explores the human condition and the global geo-political interface, specifically through issues surrounding human trafficking, migration, corruption, and displacement. In his most recent group of works, Talking Walls (2016), Martin extended his exploration of how information depends on and is influenced by freedom and social structure towards investigating the rise of consumerism.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Mario Schmidt is Senior Fellow at the Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology in Halle (Saale), where his geographical focus is on rural Western Kenya and Nairobi. His research focuses on economic practices, narratives, and discourses in rural east Africa. He has recently published Migrants and Masculinity in High-Rise Nairobi: The Pressure of being a Man in an African City (James Currey, 2024).&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Wambui Wamae Kamiru Collymore has been developing artwork around the theme of colonialism, identity, and independence in Africa. She is the founder of The Art Space, an online contemporary gallery with alternative show spaces, based in Nairobi. Her work has been exhibited in Kenya, South Africa, Poland, Germany, and Denmark. She lives and works in Nairobi. http://wambuikamiru.com/&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Dennis Muraguri is a mixed media artist working primarily in printmaking and sculpture. Recognized widely for his energetic woodcut prints featuring “matatu culture,” Muraguri captures the social interstices created by the explosive creativity in the unregulated transport economy of Kenya. He has exhibited extensively, including a solo exhibition at Montague Contemporary, New York (2020). He has participated in international art fairs such as Intersect Chicago 2020, 1:54 Contemporary Art Fair, London, 2016, and the Jo’burg Art Fair, 2016. Muraguri was also one of the participating artists in the 2014 KLA Public Art Festival, in Kampala, Uganda and a Selected Artist at the 2018 Kochi-Muziris Biennale in India.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Meghan E. Ference is Assistant Professor of Anthropology at Brooklyn College, CUNY. Her forthcoming book, Matatu Work: Gender, Labor and Mobility explores the working conditions of the men and women in Nairobi’s popular transportation sector and is based on two decades of ethnographic fieldwork with transport workers in Kenya.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Jean-Baptiste Lanne is a geographer and Associate Professor in the Department of Geography at Université de Paris (Research Unit CESSMA). His research investigates creative and critical writing as a method to inform places and affects of subaltern security workers in the city. Rives d’où je vous veille (Présence Africaine, 2023) is his first novel.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Craig Halliday is an artist and researcher who focuses on the intersection of art, politics, and activism and the potential of the arts and popular culture to extend and deepen the experience of democracy. From 2018 to 2020 he was co-editor of Nairobi Contemporary, the only print magazine dedicated to contemporary art in Kenya and the wider region.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In recent accounts of rhetoric’s storied productivity, commentators have implied, along systematically Kantian lines, albeit with the occasional protestation, that agency must be coextensive with subjectivity. But is that all there is (to 2,500 years’ worth of hypothesizing about the ways in which communication might promote social change)? Les Belikian’s answer, drawing not only on traditional and contemporary rhetorical studies but also on Deleuzean thinking, actor-network theory, and object-oriented ontology, takes the form of a quadruply contrarian thesis: Rhetorical agency inheres, irreducibly so, in subjectivity, in conventionality, in transcendence, and in materiality, all of which are themselves always under production.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In recent accounts of rhetoric’s storied productivity, commentators have implied, along systematically Kantian lines, albeit with the occasional protestation, that agency must be coextensive with subjectivity. But is that all there is (to 2,500 years’ worth of hypothesizing about the ways in which communication might promote social change)? Les Belikian’s answer, drawing not only on traditional and contemporary rhetorical studies but also on Deleuzean thinking, actor-network theory, and object-oriented ontology, takes the form of a quadruply contrarian thesis: Rhetorical agency inheres, irreducibly so, in subjectivity, in conventionality, in transcendence, and in materiality, all of which are themselves always under production.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;It is popular these days to bemoan the “crisis in the humani-ties,” or even triumphantly to declare their death.1 Enroll-ments in liberal arts majors have fallen dramatically, students having realized that studying art history or philosophy will consign them to a lifetime of flipping burgers and pouring cof-fee.2 The humanities have lost their way: in abandoning the tried-and-true classics of the Western canon, they have also abandoned any claim to authority, tradition, or lasting and objective values.3 The humanities have lost their edge: by fail-ing to reflect the experiences of increasingly diverse student bodies, they have become at best irrelevant, at worst oppres-sive.4 The humanities take place in the wrong media: print is outmoded, and the failure of scholars to adopt the new modes of thought and communication offered by the digital age will leave them behind. But the Internet is rendering universities obsolete anyway, as online courses offer a more flexible and democratic educational format. Besides which, nobody reads long books anymore. The post-digital world simply does not have the attention span for traditional humanistic work.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;It is popular these days to bemoan the “crisis in the humani-ties,” or even triumphantly to declare their death.1 Enroll-ments in liberal arts majors have fallen dramatically, students having realized that studying art history or philosophy will consign them to a lifetime of flipping burgers and pouring cof-fee.2 The humanities have lost their way: in abandoning the tried-and-true classics of the Western canon, they have also abandoned any claim to authority, tradition, or lasting and objective values.3 The humanities have lost their edge: by fail-ing to reflect the experiences of increasingly diverse student bodies, they have become at best irrelevant, at worst oppres-sive.4 The humanities take place in the wrong media: print is outmoded, and the failure of scholars to adopt the new modes of thought and communication offered by the digital age will leave them behind. But the Internet is rendering universities obsolete anyway, as online courses offer a more flexible and democratic educational format. Besides which, nobody reads long books anymore. The post-digital world simply does not have the attention span for traditional humanistic work.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Dumitrescu, Irina</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Triptych (The Library)</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Andrew Crabtree</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Looking up I thought I saw / A spaceship out of an old book, / A hail of brilliant yellow lights like / Some pale wizard’s holdfast: graceful / Constellation of a thousand stones / Enchanted in the semblance of a swan.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Looking up I thought I saw / A spaceship out of an old book, / A hail of brilliant yellow lights like / Some pale wizard’s holdfast: graceful / Constellation of a thousand stones / Enchanted in the semblance of a swan.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">What Book Would You Never Burn (For Fuel)?</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Dennis Ferhatović</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>Connecticut College</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;I was in Sarajevo for the first time in the summer of 2003. I visited it again in 2007, and then again, in 2012. Sarajevo is a fabled place with real wounds. You may have a number of associations with the place: the fateful shot that started World War I; the 1984 Winter Olympics; the flowering of music and film  in  the  eighties;  the  horrible  1425-day-long  siege;  the annual film festival attended by Brangelina; the serious prob-lem with packs of stray dogs; ćevapi and pita and a variety of Ottoman and Austro-Hungarian sweets that you can buy at the Sweet Corner. As you walk the streets, admiring the fashions of youthful and middle-aged passers-by or dreaming of a freshly baked roll of pumpkin börek, your gaze may float downward where you can see a hole in the ground left by a grenade. These declivities are filled up now, sometimes with red paint, which means that someone was hit and killed on that spot. When they are marked with red paint, people call them “Sarajevo Roses.” A horrible beauty permeates these words, as does a hope for renewal, for resurrection. Sarajevo is an example par  excellence of elegant resilience or resilient elegance. It always reminds you of vulnerability and instabil-ity, of life’s preciousness and aesthetic possession. “You know Sarajevo has something strange” a sticker on an electric post that you run into proclaims in English. Foreign backpackers you run into in hostels, beer halls, and parks tend to agree: they have seen Vienna and Budapest, Belgrade and Zagreb, but Sarajevo has this energy, man. Where else could you still see—in a row—a half-destroyed building with cracked walls and open wiring; an almost intact building gray from years and socialist realism; and a restored building for which a jolly Scandinavian nation had given hard cash and chosen soft col-ors such as pink and turquoise. Wherever I look, I see prolif-erating reminders of ruin and promises of renascence. Wher-ever I look, along the main street, in the area demarcated as the flea market, or near small bridges over the miniature Mil-jacka, I see used-book vendors.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;I was in Sarajevo for the first time in the summer of 2003. I visited it again in 2007, and then again, in 2012. Sarajevo is a fabled place with real wounds. You may have a number of associations with the place: the fateful shot that started World War I; the 1984 Winter Olympics; the flowering of music and film  in  the  eighties;  the  horrible  1425-day-long  siege;  the annual film festival attended by Brangelina; the serious prob-lem with packs of stray dogs; ćevapi and pita and a variety of Ottoman and Austro-Hungarian sweets that you can buy at the Sweet Corner. As you walk the streets, admiring the fashions of youthful and middle-aged passers-by or dreaming of a freshly baked roll of pumpkin börek, your gaze may float downward where you can see a hole in the ground left by a grenade. These declivities are filled up now, sometimes with red paint, which means that someone was hit and killed on that spot. When they are marked with red paint, people call them “Sarajevo Roses.” A horrible beauty permeates these words, as does a hope for renewal, for resurrection. Sarajevo is an example par  excellence of elegant resilience or resilient elegance. It always reminds you of vulnerability and instabil-ity, of life’s preciousness and aesthetic possession. “You know Sarajevo has something strange” a sticker on an electric post that you run into proclaims in English. Foreign backpackers you run into in hostels, beer halls, and parks tend to agree: they have seen Vienna and Budapest, Belgrade and Zagreb, but Sarajevo has this energy, man. Where else could you still see—in a row—a half-destroyed building with cracked walls and open wiring; an almost intact building gray from years and socialist realism; and a restored building for which a jolly Scandinavian nation had given hard cash and chosen soft col-ors such as pink and turquoise. Wherever I look, I see prolif-erating reminders of ruin and promises of renascence. Wher-ever I look, along the main street, in the area demarcated as the flea market, or near small bridges over the miniature Mil-jacka, I see used-book vendors.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <PersonName>Ferhatović, Dennis</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Poems in Prison</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">The Survival Strategies of Romanian Political Prisoners</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Irina Dumitrescu</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>University of Bonn</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In the region of Maramureș in northern Romania, close to the River Prut and the Ukrainian border, two monuments express the ways in which human beings struggle to hold on to beauty, art, and humour in the face of annihilation. The first of these is Cimitirul Vesel, the cheerful cemetery, where in 1935 the sculptor Stan Ioan Pătraș began to etch folksy poems into the town’s tombstones. The result is the brightest graveyard imaginable, in which each oaken memorial includes a carving or two of the deceased in their natural element—at the plow or with a horse for the older graves, or sitting at a desk for the more modern ones — along with a rustic verse description of the individual’s life and death, written in the first person. The whole is painted in vivid Crayola blue, red, yellow, and green. What emerges from this forest of colorful wooden steles is a chorus of voices, the departed citizenry of Săpânța claiming a right to their brief stories on this earth.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In the region of Maramureș in northern Romania, close to the River Prut and the Ukrainian border, two monuments express the ways in which human beings struggle to hold on to beauty, art, and humour in the face of annihilation. The first of these is Cimitirul Vesel, the cheerful cemetery, where in 1935 the sculptor Stan Ioan Pătraș began to etch folksy poems into the town’s tombstones. The result is the brightest graveyard imaginable, in which each oaken memorial includes a carving or two of the deceased in their natural element—at the plow or with a horse for the older graves, or sitting at a desk for the more modern ones — along with a rustic verse description of the individual’s life and death, written in the first person. The whole is painted in vivid Crayola blue, red, yellow, and green. What emerges from this forest of colorful wooden steles is a chorus of voices, the departed citizenry of Săpânța claiming a right to their brief stories on this earth.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Dumitrescu, Irina</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Writing Resistance</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Lena Constante's The Silent Escape and the Journal as Genre in Romania's (Post)Communist Literary Field</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Carla Baricz</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>Yale University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In Evadarea Tăcută: 3000 de zile singură în închisorile din România or The Silent Escape: 3000 Days Alone in Romanian’s Prisons, Lena Constante narrates the first seven years and seven months she  spent  in  solitary  detainment  in  the  Romanian  com-munist penal system. A playwright, artist, illustrator, and puppet-maker, Constante (1909–2005) was imprisoned as a result of one of the biggest Stalinist show-trials of the 1950s, the “Pătrășcanu lot,” which auctioned off prison sentences to  Lucrețiu  Pătrășcanu1  and  his  close  friends  and  associ-ates.  Orchestrated  by  Gheorge  Gheorgiu-Dej,  the  General Secretary of the Romanian Communist Party after 1947, and resembling  the  charges  brought  against  prominent  Party members like Ana Pauker, Vasile Luca, and Teohari Georgescu, the trial aimed at purging the upper echelons of the Party of dangerous political opponents, while simultaneously bring-ing Romania in line with directives from Moscow.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In Evadarea Tăcută: 3000 de zile singură în închisorile din România or The Silent Escape: 3000 Days Alone in Romanian’s Prisons, Lena Constante narrates the first seven years and seven months she  spent  in  solitary  detainment  in  the  Romanian  com-munist penal system. A playwright, artist, illustrator, and puppet-maker, Constante (1909–2005) was imprisoned as a result of one of the biggest Stalinist show-trials of the 1950s, the “Pătrășcanu lot,” which auctioned off prison sentences to  Lucrețiu  Pătrășcanu1  and  his  close  friends  and  associ-ates.  Orchestrated  by  Gheorge  Gheorgiu-Dej,  the  General Secretary of the Romanian Communist Party after 1947, and resembling  the  charges  brought  against  prominent  Party members like Ana Pauker, Vasile Luca, and Teohari Georgescu, the trial aimed at purging the upper echelons of the Party of dangerous political opponents, while simultaneously bring-ing Romania in line with directives from Moscow.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <ContentAudience>00</ContentAudience>
          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Baricz, Carla</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">War and the Food of Dreams</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">An Interview with Cara De Silva</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Cara De Silva</PersonName>
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          <PersonName>Irina Dumitrescu</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>University of Bonn</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;I discovered Cara De Silva’s work on my own bookshelf, in the form of In Memory’s Kitchen: A Legacy from the Women of Terezín, her edition of a recipe collection written from memory in the Theresien-stadt / Terezínconcentration  camp.1  It  is  a  moving  document,  listing  instructions for deviled eggs, candied fruits, caramels, cherry-plum dumplings, and coffee cake, recalled and written down in the midst of starvation. In one of her poems, Mina Pächter, one of the book’s authors and the woman through whom it survived, describes the deg-radation to which Terezín’s cultured, educated inmates were subjected&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;I discovered Cara De Silva’s work on my own bookshelf, in the form of In Memory’s Kitchen: A Legacy from the Women of Terezín, her edition of a recipe collection written from memory in the Theresien-stadt / Terezínconcentration  camp.1  It  is  a  moving  document,  listing  instructions for deviled eggs, candied fruits, caramels, cherry-plum dumplings, and coffee cake, recalled and written down in the midst of starvation. In one of her poems, Mina Pächter, one of the book’s authors and the woman through whom it survived, describes the deg-radation to which Terezín’s cultured, educated inmates were subjected&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <PersonName>De Silva, Cara</PersonName>
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            <PersonName>Dumitrescu, Irina</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Atempause and Atemschaukel</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">The Post-War Periods of Primo Levi and Herta Müller</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Tim Albrecht</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Tim</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Albrecht</KeyNames>
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            <Affiliation>Leibniz-Zentrum für Literatur- und Kulturforschung</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;When we speak of historical periods, we imagine stretches of linear time, separated by significant historical events. Yet the term “period” implied a circular structure when Thrasyma-chus introduced it into rhetoric in the fifth century BC, long before it became a heuristic tool for historiography.1 In rheto-ric, the period is a stylistic device, a particular type of sen-tence with a hypotactic structure characterized by a rhythm of tension and release: the first part of the period (protasis) builds anticipation, the second part (apodosis) offers resolu-tion. Thrasymachus coined the term in analogy to athletics: Peri-hódos (“circular course”) signifies the racetrack of the ancient stadion. The circular syntactic structure creates the impression of wholeness and completion. Just as the athlete in the stadium strives for physical perfection, the periodic sentence strives for linguistic perfection, marked by the per-fect union of rhetoric and logic&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;When we speak of historical periods, we imagine stretches of linear time, separated by significant historical events. Yet the term “period” implied a circular structure when Thrasyma-chus introduced it into rhetoric in the fifth century BC, long before it became a heuristic tool for historiography.1 In rheto-ric, the period is a stylistic device, a particular type of sen-tence with a hypotactic structure characterized by a rhythm of tension and release: the first part of the period (protasis) builds anticipation, the second part (apodosis) offers resolu-tion. Thrasymachus coined the term in analogy to athletics: Peri-hódos (“circular course”) signifies the racetrack of the ancient stadion. The circular syntactic structure creates the impression of wholeness and completion. Just as the athlete in the stadium strives for physical perfection, the periodic sentence strives for linguistic perfection, marked by the per-fect union of rhetoric and logic&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;For the play we got ourselves in love. Otherwise I didn’t know her. There were no other players. For three weeks of rehearsals, we lived together,going by our characters’ names, smelling like each other. The city turned into a war. Explosions gashed sky day and night, left both of ussick to the marrow. The day of the first performance, the bombs louder, closer, we made love again and again.When the hour came, like a demented mailman, the citymade no sound. We stepped out into the smoking ruins and held each other. Then trusted our feet, soles clicking toward the playhouse. I hoped it still existed.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;For the play we got ourselves in love. Otherwise I didn’t know her. There were no other players. For three weeks of rehearsals, we lived together,going by our characters’ names, smelling like each other. The city turned into a war. Explosions gashed sky day and night, left both of ussick to the marrow. The day of the first performance, the bombs louder, closer, we made love again and again.When the hour came, like a demented mailman, the citymade no sound. We stepped out into the smoking ruins and held each other. Then trusted our feet, soles clicking toward the playhouse. I hoped it still existed.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Counting Cards</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">A Poetics for Deployment</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Susannah Hollister</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;When packing for a war zone, a deck of cards is an obvi-ous choice. Most soldiers fit one into a rucksack or combat uniform, issued items that seem designed for slipping extra items into their many side pockets. A preventative measure of a kind, a deck of cards promises to protect against boredom or unwanted conversation, and will serve without a wireless signal or powered battery.My now husband deployed to Afghanistan in 2010, and he took with him a lightly used, ordinary, Bicycle-brand deck. I don’t remember where it came from or even whether I knew he packed it. But within a week of his departure we were play-ing a game—if game is the word for the system we devised. A very simple, wholly necessary game. It required two decks, the one he kept and one that I did.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;When packing for a war zone, a deck of cards is an obvi-ous choice. Most soldiers fit one into a rucksack or combat uniform, issued items that seem designed for slipping extra items into their many side pockets. A preventative measure of a kind, a deck of cards promises to protect against boredom or unwanted conversation, and will serve without a wireless signal or powered battery.My now husband deployed to Afghanistan in 2010, and he took with him a lightly used, ordinary, Bicycle-brand deck. I don’t remember where it came from or even whether I knew he packed it. But within a week of his departure we were play-ing a game—if game is the word for the system we devised. A very simple, wholly necessary game. It required two decks, the one he kept and one that I did.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <PersonName>Hollister, Susannah</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Ace of Hearts</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Susannah Hollister</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Someone else might know how many birds are behind the window’s song. One. Or more than a dozen. If each throat throws the same pitch, how to tell. Someone else might know how to ride this edge, this edge between bad luck and best friend, between advantage kept warm and triumph still inflicted.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Someone else might know how many birds are behind the window’s song. One. Or more than a dozen. If each throat throws the same pitch, how to tell. Someone else might know how to ride this edge, this edge between bad luck and best friend, between advantage kept warm and triumph still inflicted.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Civilization and its Malcontents</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">On Teaching Western Humanities in "The New Turkey"</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>William Coker</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>Bilkent University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;A statue of Kemal Atatürk greets visitors at the entry to the university where I teach. On its base is inscribed a motto whose implications for university life are as broad as its mean-ing is puzzling for those who have just arrived: “Biz medeniy-etten ilim ve fenden kuvvet alıyoruz”: “from civilization we gain knowledge, and from science strength.”What does the first half of this motto mean? When I’ve asked my students I’ve found that no one else seems to have noticed the inscription. It is part of that official language one hears everywhere spoken and nowhere seriously listened to. For me the import is all in the word medeniyet, whose dic-tionary meaning is “civilization.” I came here six years ago to teach “Cultures, Civilizations, and Ideas.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;A statue of Kemal Atatürk greets visitors at the entry to the university where I teach. On its base is inscribed a motto whose implications for university life are as broad as its mean-ing is puzzling for those who have just arrived: “Biz medeniy-etten ilim ve fenden kuvvet alıyoruz”: “from civilization we gain knowledge, and from science strength.”What does the first half of this motto mean? When I’ve asked my students I’ve found that no one else seems to have noticed the inscription. It is part of that official language one hears everywhere spoken and nowhere seriously listened to. For me the import is all in the word medeniyet, whose dic-tionary meaning is “civilization.” I came here six years ago to teach “Cultures, Civilizations, and Ideas.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <PersonName>Coker, William</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Departure Entrance</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Dennis Ferhatović</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Dennis</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Ferhatović</KeyNames>
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              <AffiliationIDType>40</AffiliationIDType>
              <IDValue>01hpqfm28</IDValue>
            </AffiliationIdentifier>
            <Affiliation>Connecticut College</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Some are staying Some are going Exodus Those staying are Also going To hell The angel of God is a killer He goes after the first-born Seven plagues, One after another&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Some are staying Some are going Exodus Those staying are Also going To hell The angel of God is a killer He goes after the first-born Seven plagues, One after another&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Ferhatović, Dennis</PersonName>
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          <TitleType>01</TitleType>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Profanations</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">The Public, The Political and The Humanities in India</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Prashant Keshavmurthy</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Prashant</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Keshavmurthy</KeyNames>
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              <AffiliationIDType>40</AffiliationIDType>
              <IDValue>01pxwe438</IDValue>
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            <Affiliation>McGill University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In  December  2013  a  judge  of  the  Indian  Supreme  Court recriminalized  homosexuality  under  Section  377  of  the Indian Penal Code by overturning the Delhi High Court’s earlier decriminalization of it. The Supreme Court judgment declined to even engage the constitutional reasoning adduced by the Delhi High Court when it “read down” 377 “in order to  decriminalize  private,  adult,  consensual  sexual  acts.”3This reasoning argued that 377 infringed Article 14 of the Constitution, “which deals with the fundamental right to equality” and “Article 15, which deals with the fundamental right to nondiscrimination” and “Article 21, which covers the fundamental right to life and liberty, including privacy and dignity.”  Simply  disregarding  the  specifics  of  this  reason-ing, the judgment showed what a former judge of the Delhi High  Court  has  termed  an  “exaggerated  deference  to  a majoritarian Parliament.” In other words, it violated a fun-damental right by citing the numerical minority of the homo-sexual  community.  Rather  than  a  republican  commitment to fostering a polity whose majorities and minorities were shaped by debates around legally protected values it was the numerical majority of the mob that determined the law. In this the Supreme Court bent its knee before the leaderships of every religious community in India—legions of offended holy  men—who,  over  the  four  previous  years  since  the Delhi High Court’s judgment had been smugly defending what they claimed were the (heteronormative) traditions of a primordial and changeless group. What is the pre-history of such offense as it comes to form communities or harden their presumed edges? In answering this question this essay aims to specify the importance of the humanities to post-colonial South Asia.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In  December  2013  a  judge  of  the  Indian  Supreme  Court recriminalized  homosexuality  under  Section  377  of  the Indian Penal Code by overturning the Delhi High Court’s earlier decriminalization of it. The Supreme Court judgment declined to even engage the constitutional reasoning adduced by the Delhi High Court when it “read down” 377 “in order to  decriminalize  private,  adult,  consensual  sexual  acts.”3This reasoning argued that 377 infringed Article 14 of the Constitution, “which deals with the fundamental right to equality” and “Article 15, which deals with the fundamental right to nondiscrimination” and “Article 21, which covers the fundamental right to life and liberty, including privacy and dignity.”  Simply  disregarding  the  specifics  of  this  reason-ing, the judgment showed what a former judge of the Delhi High  Court  has  termed  an  “exaggerated  deference  to  a majoritarian Parliament.” In other words, it violated a fun-damental right by citing the numerical minority of the homo-sexual  community.  Rather  than  a  republican  commitment to fostering a polity whose majorities and minorities were shaped by debates around legally protected values it was the numerical majority of the mob that determined the law. In this the Supreme Court bent its knee before the leaderships of every religious community in India—legions of offended holy  men—who,  over  the  four  previous  years  since  the Delhi High Court’s judgment had been smugly defending what they claimed were the (heteronormative) traditions of a primordial and changeless group. What is the pre-history of such offense as it comes to form communities or harden their presumed edges? In answering this question this essay aims to specify the importance of the humanities to post-colonial South Asia.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Keshavmurthy, Prashant</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Village Cosmopolitanisms</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Or, I See Kabul from Lado Sarai</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Anand Vivek Taneja</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Anand Vivek</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Taneja</KeyNames>
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            <Affiliation>Vanderbilt University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;It is popular these days to bemoan the “crisis in the humani-ties,” or even triumphantly to declare their death.1 Enroll-ments in liberal arts majors have fallen dramatically, students having realized that studying art history or philosophy will consign them to a lifetime of flipping burgers and pouring cof-fee.2 The humanities have lost their way: in abandoning the tried-and-true classics of the Western canon, they have also abandoned any claim to authority, tradition, or lasting and objective values.3 The humanities have lost their edge: by fail-ing to reflect the experiences of increasingly diverse student bodies, they have become at best irrelevant, at worst oppres-sive.4 The humanities take place in the wrong media: print is outmoded, and the failure of scholars to adopt the new modes of thought and communication offered by the digital age will leave them behind. But the Internet is rendering universities obsolete anyway, as online courses offer a more flexible and democratic educational format. Besides which, nobody reads long books anymore. The post-digital world simply does not have the attention span for traditional humanistic work.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;It is popular these days to bemoan the “crisis in the humani-ties,” or even triumphantly to declare their death.1 Enroll-ments in liberal arts majors have fallen dramatically, students having realized that studying art history or philosophy will consign them to a lifetime of flipping burgers and pouring cof-fee.2 The humanities have lost their way: in abandoning the tried-and-true classics of the Western canon, they have also abandoned any claim to authority, tradition, or lasting and objective values.3 The humanities have lost their edge: by fail-ing to reflect the experiences of increasingly diverse student bodies, they have become at best irrelevant, at worst oppres-sive.4 The humanities take place in the wrong media: print is outmoded, and the failure of scholars to adopt the new modes of thought and communication offered by the digital age will leave them behind. But the Internet is rendering universities obsolete anyway, as online courses offer a more flexible and democratic educational format. Besides which, nobody reads long books anymore. The post-digital world simply does not have the attention span for traditional humanistic work.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Triptych (The Library)</TitleText>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Looking up I thought I saw / A spaceship out of an old book, / A hail of brilliant yellow lights like / Some pale wizard’s holdfast: graceful / Constellation of a thousand stones / Enchanted in the semblance of a swan.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Looking up I thought I saw / A spaceship out of an old book, / A hail of brilliant yellow lights like / Some pale wizard’s holdfast: graceful / Constellation of a thousand stones / Enchanted in the semblance of a swan.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">What Book Would You Never Burn (For Fuel)?</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Dennis Ferhatović</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;I was in Sarajevo for the first time in the summer of 2003. I visited it again in 2007, and then again, in 2012. Sarajevo is a fabled place with real wounds. You may have a number of associations with the place: the fateful shot that started World War I; the 1984 Winter Olympics; the flowering of music and film  in  the  eighties;  the  horrible  1425-day-long  siege;  the annual film festival attended by Brangelina; the serious prob-lem with packs of stray dogs; ćevapi and pita and a variety of Ottoman and Austro-Hungarian sweets that you can buy at the Sweet Corner. As you walk the streets, admiring the fashions of youthful and middle-aged passers-by or dreaming of a freshly baked roll of pumpkin börek, your gaze may float downward where you can see a hole in the ground left by a grenade. These declivities are filled up now, sometimes with red paint, which means that someone was hit and killed on that spot. When they are marked with red paint, people call them “Sarajevo Roses.” A horrible beauty permeates these words, as does a hope for renewal, for resurrection. Sarajevo is an example par  excellence of elegant resilience or resilient elegance. It always reminds you of vulnerability and instabil-ity, of life’s preciousness and aesthetic possession. “You know Sarajevo has something strange” a sticker on an electric post that you run into proclaims in English. Foreign backpackers you run into in hostels, beer halls, and parks tend to agree: they have seen Vienna and Budapest, Belgrade and Zagreb, but Sarajevo has this energy, man. Where else could you still see—in a row—a half-destroyed building with cracked walls and open wiring; an almost intact building gray from years and socialist realism; and a restored building for which a jolly Scandinavian nation had given hard cash and chosen soft col-ors such as pink and turquoise. Wherever I look, I see prolif-erating reminders of ruin and promises of renascence. Wher-ever I look, along the main street, in the area demarcated as the flea market, or near small bridges over the miniature Mil-jacka, I see used-book vendors.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;I was in Sarajevo for the first time in the summer of 2003. I visited it again in 2007, and then again, in 2012. Sarajevo is a fabled place with real wounds. You may have a number of associations with the place: the fateful shot that started World War I; the 1984 Winter Olympics; the flowering of music and film  in  the  eighties;  the  horrible  1425-day-long  siege;  the annual film festival attended by Brangelina; the serious prob-lem with packs of stray dogs; ćevapi and pita and a variety of Ottoman and Austro-Hungarian sweets that you can buy at the Sweet Corner. As you walk the streets, admiring the fashions of youthful and middle-aged passers-by or dreaming of a freshly baked roll of pumpkin börek, your gaze may float downward where you can see a hole in the ground left by a grenade. These declivities are filled up now, sometimes with red paint, which means that someone was hit and killed on that spot. When they are marked with red paint, people call them “Sarajevo Roses.” A horrible beauty permeates these words, as does a hope for renewal, for resurrection. Sarajevo is an example par  excellence of elegant resilience or resilient elegance. It always reminds you of vulnerability and instabil-ity, of life’s preciousness and aesthetic possession. “You know Sarajevo has something strange” a sticker on an electric post that you run into proclaims in English. Foreign backpackers you run into in hostels, beer halls, and parks tend to agree: they have seen Vienna and Budapest, Belgrade and Zagreb, but Sarajevo has this energy, man. Where else could you still see—in a row—a half-destroyed building with cracked walls and open wiring; an almost intact building gray from years and socialist realism; and a restored building for which a jolly Scandinavian nation had given hard cash and chosen soft col-ors such as pink and turquoise. Wherever I look, I see prolif-erating reminders of ruin and promises of renascence. Wher-ever I look, along the main street, in the area demarcated as the flea market, or near small bridges over the miniature Mil-jacka, I see used-book vendors.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Poems in Prison</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">The Survival Strategies of Romanian Political Prisoners</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Irina Dumitrescu</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In the region of Maramureș in northern Romania, close to the River Prut and the Ukrainian border, two monuments express the ways in which human beings struggle to hold on to beauty, art, and humour in the face of annihilation. The first of these is Cimitirul Vesel, the cheerful cemetery, where in 1935 the sculptor Stan Ioan Pătraș began to etch folksy poems into the town’s tombstones. The result is the brightest graveyard imaginable, in which each oaken memorial includes a carving or two of the deceased in their natural element—at the plow or with a horse for the older graves, or sitting at a desk for the more modern ones — along with a rustic verse description of the individual’s life and death, written in the first person. The whole is painted in vivid Crayola blue, red, yellow, and green. What emerges from this forest of colorful wooden steles is a chorus of voices, the departed citizenry of Săpânța claiming a right to their brief stories on this earth.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In the region of Maramureș in northern Romania, close to the River Prut and the Ukrainian border, two monuments express the ways in which human beings struggle to hold on to beauty, art, and humour in the face of annihilation. The first of these is Cimitirul Vesel, the cheerful cemetery, where in 1935 the sculptor Stan Ioan Pătraș began to etch folksy poems into the town’s tombstones. The result is the brightest graveyard imaginable, in which each oaken memorial includes a carving or two of the deceased in their natural element—at the plow or with a horse for the older graves, or sitting at a desk for the more modern ones — along with a rustic verse description of the individual’s life and death, written in the first person. The whole is painted in vivid Crayola blue, red, yellow, and green. What emerges from this forest of colorful wooden steles is a chorus of voices, the departed citizenry of Săpânța claiming a right to their brief stories on this earth.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <PersonName>Dumitrescu, Irina</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Writing Resistance</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Lena Constante's The Silent Escape and the Journal as Genre in Romania's (Post)Communist Literary Field</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Carla Baricz</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>Yale University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In Evadarea Tăcută: 3000 de zile singură în închisorile din România or The Silent Escape: 3000 Days Alone in Romanian’s Prisons, Lena Constante narrates the first seven years and seven months she  spent  in  solitary  detainment  in  the  Romanian  com-munist penal system. A playwright, artist, illustrator, and puppet-maker, Constante (1909–2005) was imprisoned as a result of one of the biggest Stalinist show-trials of the 1950s, the “Pătrășcanu lot,” which auctioned off prison sentences to  Lucrețiu  Pătrășcanu1  and  his  close  friends  and  associ-ates.  Orchestrated  by  Gheorge  Gheorgiu-Dej,  the  General Secretary of the Romanian Communist Party after 1947, and resembling  the  charges  brought  against  prominent  Party members like Ana Pauker, Vasile Luca, and Teohari Georgescu, the trial aimed at purging the upper echelons of the Party of dangerous political opponents, while simultaneously bring-ing Romania in line with directives from Moscow.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In Evadarea Tăcută: 3000 de zile singură în închisorile din România or The Silent Escape: 3000 Days Alone in Romanian’s Prisons, Lena Constante narrates the first seven years and seven months she  spent  in  solitary  detainment  in  the  Romanian  com-munist penal system. A playwright, artist, illustrator, and puppet-maker, Constante (1909–2005) was imprisoned as a result of one of the biggest Stalinist show-trials of the 1950s, the “Pătrășcanu lot,” which auctioned off prison sentences to  Lucrețiu  Pătrășcanu1  and  his  close  friends  and  associ-ates.  Orchestrated  by  Gheorge  Gheorgiu-Dej,  the  General Secretary of the Romanian Communist Party after 1947, and resembling  the  charges  brought  against  prominent  Party members like Ana Pauker, Vasile Luca, and Teohari Georgescu, the trial aimed at purging the upper echelons of the Party of dangerous political opponents, while simultaneously bring-ing Romania in line with directives from Moscow.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <PersonName>Baricz, Carla</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">War and the Food of Dreams</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">An Interview with Cara De Silva</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Cara De Silva</PersonName>
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          <PersonName>Irina Dumitrescu</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>University of Bonn</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;I discovered Cara De Silva’s work on my own bookshelf, in the form of In Memory’s Kitchen: A Legacy from the Women of Terezín, her edition of a recipe collection written from memory in the Theresien-stadt / Terezínconcentration  camp.1  It  is  a  moving  document,  listing  instructions for deviled eggs, candied fruits, caramels, cherry-plum dumplings, and coffee cake, recalled and written down in the midst of starvation. In one of her poems, Mina Pächter, one of the book’s authors and the woman through whom it survived, describes the deg-radation to which Terezín’s cultured, educated inmates were subjected&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;I discovered Cara De Silva’s work on my own bookshelf, in the form of In Memory’s Kitchen: A Legacy from the Women of Terezín, her edition of a recipe collection written from memory in the Theresien-stadt / Terezínconcentration  camp.1  It  is  a  moving  document,  listing  instructions for deviled eggs, candied fruits, caramels, cherry-plum dumplings, and coffee cake, recalled and written down in the midst of starvation. In one of her poems, Mina Pächter, one of the book’s authors and the woman through whom it survived, describes the deg-radation to which Terezín’s cultured, educated inmates were subjected&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>De Silva, Cara</PersonName>
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            <PersonName>Dumitrescu, Irina</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Atempause and Atemschaukel</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">The Post-War Periods of Primo Levi and Herta Müller</Subtitle>
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          <ContributorRole>A01</ContributorRole>
          <PersonName>Tim Albrecht</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Tim</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Albrecht</KeyNames>
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              <IDValue>00bpta863</IDValue>
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            <Affiliation>Leibniz-Zentrum für Literatur- und Kulturforschung</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;When we speak of historical periods, we imagine stretches of linear time, separated by significant historical events. Yet the term “period” implied a circular structure when Thrasyma-chus introduced it into rhetoric in the fifth century BC, long before it became a heuristic tool for historiography.1 In rheto-ric, the period is a stylistic device, a particular type of sen-tence with a hypotactic structure characterized by a rhythm of tension and release: the first part of the period (protasis) builds anticipation, the second part (apodosis) offers resolu-tion. Thrasymachus coined the term in analogy to athletics: Peri-hódos (“circular course”) signifies the racetrack of the ancient stadion. The circular syntactic structure creates the impression of wholeness and completion. Just as the athlete in the stadium strives for physical perfection, the periodic sentence strives for linguistic perfection, marked by the per-fect union of rhetoric and logic&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;When we speak of historical periods, we imagine stretches of linear time, separated by significant historical events. Yet the term “period” implied a circular structure when Thrasyma-chus introduced it into rhetoric in the fifth century BC, long before it became a heuristic tool for historiography.1 In rheto-ric, the period is a stylistic device, a particular type of sen-tence with a hypotactic structure characterized by a rhythm of tension and release: the first part of the period (protasis) builds anticipation, the second part (apodosis) offers resolu-tion. Thrasymachus coined the term in analogy to athletics: Peri-hódos (“circular course”) signifies the racetrack of the ancient stadion. The circular syntactic structure creates the impression of wholeness and completion. Just as the athlete in the stadium strives for physical perfection, the periodic sentence strives for linguistic perfection, marked by the per-fect union of rhetoric and logic&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Albrecht, Tim</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Theater in Wartime</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Greg Alan Brownderville</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Greg Alan</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Brownderville</KeyNames>
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              <AffiliationIDType>40</AffiliationIDType>
              <IDValue>042tdr378</IDValue>
            </AffiliationIdentifier>
            <Affiliation>Southern Methodist University</Affiliation>
          </ProfessionalAffiliation>
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          <LanguageCode>eng</LanguageCode>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;For the play we got ourselves in love. Otherwise I didn’t know her. There were no other players. For three weeks of rehearsals, we lived together,going by our characters’ names, smelling like each other. The city turned into a war. Explosions gashed sky day and night, left both of ussick to the marrow. The day of the first performance, the bombs louder, closer, we made love again and again.When the hour came, like a demented mailman, the citymade no sound. We stepped out into the smoking ruins and held each other. Then trusted our feet, soles clicking toward the playhouse. I hoped it still existed.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;For the play we got ourselves in love. Otherwise I didn’t know her. There were no other players. For three weeks of rehearsals, we lived together,going by our characters’ names, smelling like each other. The city turned into a war. Explosions gashed sky day and night, left both of ussick to the marrow. The day of the first performance, the bombs louder, closer, we made love again and again.When the hour came, like a demented mailman, the citymade no sound. We stepped out into the smoking ruins and held each other. Then trusted our feet, soles clicking toward the playhouse. I hoped it still existed.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <ContentAudience>00</ContentAudience>
          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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          <CopyrightOwner>
            <PersonName>Brownderville, Greg Alan</PersonName>
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          <LastPageNumber>117</LastPageNumber>
        </PageRun>
        <NumberOfPages>15</NumberOfPages>
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        <TitleDetail>
          <TitleType>01</TitleType>
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            <TitleElementLevel>01</TitleElementLevel>
            <TitleText language="eng">Counting Cards</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">A Poetics for Deployment</Subtitle>
          </TitleElement>
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          <ContributorRole>A01</ContributorRole>
          <PersonName>Susannah Hollister</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Susannah</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Hollister</KeyNames>
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          <LanguageRole>01</LanguageRole>
          <LanguageCode>eng</LanguageCode>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;When packing for a war zone, a deck of cards is an obvi-ous choice. Most soldiers fit one into a rucksack or combat uniform, issued items that seem designed for slipping extra items into their many side pockets. A preventative measure of a kind, a deck of cards promises to protect against boredom or unwanted conversation, and will serve without a wireless signal or powered battery.My now husband deployed to Afghanistan in 2010, and he took with him a lightly used, ordinary, Bicycle-brand deck. I don’t remember where it came from or even whether I knew he packed it. But within a week of his departure we were play-ing a game—if game is the word for the system we devised. A very simple, wholly necessary game. It required two decks, the one he kept and one that I did.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <ContentAudience>00</ContentAudience>
          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;When packing for a war zone, a deck of cards is an obvi-ous choice. Most soldiers fit one into a rucksack or combat uniform, issued items that seem designed for slipping extra items into their many side pockets. A preventative measure of a kind, a deck of cards promises to protect against boredom or unwanted conversation, and will serve without a wireless signal or powered battery.My now husband deployed to Afghanistan in 2010, and he took with him a lightly used, ordinary, Bicycle-brand deck. I don’t remember where it came from or even whether I knew he packed it. But within a week of his departure we were play-ing a game—if game is the word for the system we devised. A very simple, wholly necessary game. It required two decks, the one he kept and one that I did.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <ContentAudience>00</ContentAudience>
          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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          <CopyrightOwner>
            <PersonName>Hollister, Susannah</PersonName>
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          <LastPageNumber>120</LastPageNumber>
        </PageRun>
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        <TitleDetail>
          <TitleType>01</TitleType>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Ace of Hearts</TitleText>
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          <ContributorRole>A01</ContributorRole>
          <PersonName>Susannah Hollister</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Susannah</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Hollister</KeyNames>
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          <LanguageCode>eng</LanguageCode>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Someone else might know how many birds are behind the window’s song. One. Or more than a dozen. If each throat throws the same pitch, how to tell. Someone else might know how to ride this edge, this edge between bad luck and best friend, between advantage kept warm and triumph still inflicted.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <ContentAudience>00</ContentAudience>
          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Someone else might know how many birds are behind the window’s song. One. Or more than a dozen. If each throat throws the same pitch, how to tell. Someone else might know how to ride this edge, this edge between bad luck and best friend, between advantage kept warm and triumph still inflicted.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <ContentAudience>00</ContentAudience>
          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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          <CopyrightOwner>
            <PersonName>Hollister, Susannah</PersonName>
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          <LastPageNumber>144</LastPageNumber>
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        <TitleDetail>
          <TitleType>01</TitleType>
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            <TitleElementLevel>01</TitleElementLevel>
            <TitleText language="eng">Civilization and its Malcontents</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">On Teaching Western Humanities in "The New Turkey"</Subtitle>
          </TitleElement>
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          <ContributorRole>A01</ContributorRole>
          <PersonName>William Coker</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>William</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Coker</KeyNames>
          <ProfessionalAffiliation>
            <AffiliationIdentifier>
              <AffiliationIDType>40</AffiliationIDType>
              <IDValue>02vh8a032</IDValue>
            </AffiliationIdentifier>
            <Affiliation>Bilkent University</Affiliation>
          </ProfessionalAffiliation>
        </Contributor>
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          <LanguageCode>eng</LanguageCode>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;A statue of Kemal Atatürk greets visitors at the entry to the university where I teach. On its base is inscribed a motto whose implications for university life are as broad as its mean-ing is puzzling for those who have just arrived: “Biz medeniy-etten ilim ve fenden kuvvet alıyoruz”: “from civilization we gain knowledge, and from science strength.”What does the first half of this motto mean? When I’ve asked my students I’ve found that no one else seems to have noticed the inscription. It is part of that official language one hears everywhere spoken and nowhere seriously listened to. For me the import is all in the word medeniyet, whose dic-tionary meaning is “civilization.” I came here six years ago to teach “Cultures, Civilizations, and Ideas.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;A statue of Kemal Atatürk greets visitors at the entry to the university where I teach. On its base is inscribed a motto whose implications for university life are as broad as its mean-ing is puzzling for those who have just arrived: “Biz medeniy-etten ilim ve fenden kuvvet alıyoruz”: “from civilization we gain knowledge, and from science strength.”What does the first half of this motto mean? When I’ve asked my students I’ve found that no one else seems to have noticed the inscription. It is part of that official language one hears everywhere spoken and nowhere seriously listened to. For me the import is all in the word medeniyet, whose dic-tionary meaning is “civilization.” I came here six years ago to teach “Cultures, Civilizations, and Ideas.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <ContentAudience>00</ContentAudience>
          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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          <CopyrightOwner>
            <PersonName>Coker, William</PersonName>
          </CopyrightOwner>
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          <TextItemType>03</TextItemType>
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            <IDValue>10.21983/P3.0134.1.13</IDValue>
          </TextItemIdentifier>
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          <FirstPageNumber>145</FirstPageNumber>
          <LastPageNumber>153</LastPageNumber>
        </PageRun>
        <NumberOfPages>9</NumberOfPages>
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        <TitleDetail>
          <TitleType>01</TitleType>
          <TitleElement>
            <TitleElementLevel>01</TitleElementLevel>
            <TitleText language="eng">Departure Entrance</TitleText>
          </TitleElement>
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          <ContributorRole>A01</ContributorRole>
          <PersonName>Dennis Ferhatović</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Dennis</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Ferhatović</KeyNames>
          <ProfessionalAffiliation>
            <AffiliationIdentifier>
              <AffiliationIDType>40</AffiliationIDType>
              <IDValue>01hpqfm28</IDValue>
            </AffiliationIdentifier>
            <Affiliation>Connecticut College</Affiliation>
          </ProfessionalAffiliation>
        </Contributor>
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          <LanguageCode>eng</LanguageCode>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Some are staying Some are going Exodus Those staying are Also going To hell The angel of God is a killer He goes after the first-born Seven plagues, One after another&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <ContentAudience>00</ContentAudience>
          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Some are staying Some are going Exodus Those staying are Also going To hell The angel of God is a killer He goes after the first-born Seven plagues, One after another&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
        </TextContent>
        <TextContent>
          <TextType>20</TextType>
          <ContentAudience>00</ContentAudience>
          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Ferhatović, Dennis</PersonName>
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          <FirstPageNumber>155</FirstPageNumber>
          <LastPageNumber>174</LastPageNumber>
        </PageRun>
        <NumberOfPages>20</NumberOfPages>
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        <TitleDetail>
          <TitleType>01</TitleType>
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            <TitleElementLevel>01</TitleElementLevel>
            <TitleText language="eng">Profanations</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">The Public, The Political and The Humanities in India</Subtitle>
          </TitleElement>
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          <SequenceNumber>1</SequenceNumber>
          <ContributorRole>A01</ContributorRole>
          <PersonName>Prashant Keshavmurthy</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Prashant</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Keshavmurthy</KeyNames>
          <ProfessionalAffiliation>
            <AffiliationIdentifier>
              <AffiliationIDType>40</AffiliationIDType>
              <IDValue>01pxwe438</IDValue>
            </AffiliationIdentifier>
            <Affiliation>McGill University</Affiliation>
          </ProfessionalAffiliation>
        </Contributor>
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          <LanguageRole>01</LanguageRole>
          <LanguageCode>eng</LanguageCode>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In  December  2013  a  judge  of  the  Indian  Supreme  Court recriminalized  homosexuality  under  Section  377  of  the Indian Penal Code by overturning the Delhi High Court’s earlier decriminalization of it. The Supreme Court judgment declined to even engage the constitutional reasoning adduced by the Delhi High Court when it “read down” 377 “in order to  decriminalize  private,  adult,  consensual  sexual  acts.”3This reasoning argued that 377 infringed Article 14 of the Constitution, “which deals with the fundamental right to equality” and “Article 15, which deals with the fundamental right to nondiscrimination” and “Article 21, which covers the fundamental right to life and liberty, including privacy and dignity.”  Simply  disregarding  the  specifics  of  this  reason-ing, the judgment showed what a former judge of the Delhi High  Court  has  termed  an  “exaggerated  deference  to  a majoritarian Parliament.” In other words, it violated a fun-damental right by citing the numerical minority of the homo-sexual  community.  Rather  than  a  republican  commitment to fostering a polity whose majorities and minorities were shaped by debates around legally protected values it was the numerical majority of the mob that determined the law. In this the Supreme Court bent its knee before the leaderships of every religious community in India—legions of offended holy  men—who,  over  the  four  previous  years  since  the Delhi High Court’s judgment had been smugly defending what they claimed were the (heteronormative) traditions of a primordial and changeless group. What is the pre-history of such offense as it comes to form communities or harden their presumed edges? In answering this question this essay aims to specify the importance of the humanities to post-colonial South Asia.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In  December  2013  a  judge  of  the  Indian  Supreme  Court recriminalized  homosexuality  under  Section  377  of  the Indian Penal Code by overturning the Delhi High Court’s earlier decriminalization of it. The Supreme Court judgment declined to even engage the constitutional reasoning adduced by the Delhi High Court when it “read down” 377 “in order to  decriminalize  private,  adult,  consensual  sexual  acts.”3This reasoning argued that 377 infringed Article 14 of the Constitution, “which deals with the fundamental right to equality” and “Article 15, which deals with the fundamental right to nondiscrimination” and “Article 21, which covers the fundamental right to life and liberty, including privacy and dignity.”  Simply  disregarding  the  specifics  of  this  reason-ing, the judgment showed what a former judge of the Delhi High  Court  has  termed  an  “exaggerated  deference  to  a majoritarian Parliament.” In other words, it violated a fun-damental right by citing the numerical minority of the homo-sexual  community.  Rather  than  a  republican  commitment to fostering a polity whose majorities and minorities were shaped by debates around legally protected values it was the numerical majority of the mob that determined the law. In this the Supreme Court bent its knee before the leaderships of every religious community in India—legions of offended holy  men—who,  over  the  four  previous  years  since  the Delhi High Court’s judgment had been smugly defending what they claimed were the (heteronormative) traditions of a primordial and changeless group. What is the pre-history of such offense as it comes to form communities or harden their presumed edges? In answering this question this essay aims to specify the importance of the humanities to post-colonial South Asia.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The famous Indian Urdu poet Ali Sardar Jafri wrote these lines in a poem addressed to the Pakistani poet Ahmed Faraz. In the poem, the long-shared experience of urban aesthetics—the gardens of Lahore and the morning light of Banaras—so much older than the boundaries of the nation states, under-mine the taken-for-granted enmity of India and Pakistan. If we can love the gardens of Lahore, and you can love the light of Banaras, then how can we be enemies?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The famous Indian Urdu poet Ali Sardar Jafri wrote these lines in a poem addressed to the Pakistani poet Ahmed Faraz. In the poem, the long-shared experience of urban aesthetics—the gardens of Lahore and the morning light of Banaras—so much older than the boundaries of the nation states, under-mine the taken-for-granted enmity of India and Pakistan. If we can love the gardens of Lahore, and you can love the light of Banaras, then how can we be enemies?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;When Lady Philosophy finds Boethius mournfully composing verse in prison, she immediately sets upon the poetic Muses surrounding him. “Who has allowed these theatrical whores (scenicas  meretriculas) to approach this sick man?” she asks. The Muses, according to Philosophy, do nothing to help the invalid, playing upon his passions rather than nourishing his reason. I heard, however, that a most passionate muse slipped back between the bars when Philosophy wasn’t looking.While writing my essay for this collection, I spent several months immersing myself in the memoirs of Romanian polit-ical prisoners. There is almost nothing that could make a per-son want to dance less. Reading these texts made me inter-nalize the overwhelming sense of entrapment prisoners felt, even, sometimes, their paranoia. Though living in warm Texas, within walking distance of four supermarkets, I couldn’t help but imagine the cold and hunger that gripped these prisoners, kept them frozen like stones. In the harsher prisons, inmates were forced to maintain a single position, facing the door, at all times, so as to be permanently under supervision. Even when sleeping, they were not allowed to turn their faces to the wall, an insidious rehearsal that deprived them of any real rest.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;When Lady Philosophy finds Boethius mournfully composing verse in prison, she immediately sets upon the poetic Muses surrounding him. “Who has allowed these theatrical whores (scenicas  meretriculas) to approach this sick man?” she asks. The Muses, according to Philosophy, do nothing to help the invalid, playing upon his passions rather than nourishing his reason. I heard, however, that a most passionate muse slipped back between the bars when Philosophy wasn’t looking.While writing my essay for this collection, I spent several months immersing myself in the memoirs of Romanian polit-ical prisoners. There is almost nothing that could make a per-son want to dance less. Reading these texts made me inter-nalize the overwhelming sense of entrapment prisoners felt, even, sometimes, their paranoia. Though living in warm Texas, within walking distance of four supermarkets, I couldn’t help but imagine the cold and hunger that gripped these prisoners, kept them frozen like stones. In the harsher prisons, inmates were forced to maintain a single position, facing the door, at all times, so as to be permanently under supervision. Even when sleeping, they were not allowed to turn their faces to the wall, an insidious rehearsal that deprived them of any real rest.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;We are like refugees. We move around like refugees, we live like refugees, we eat like refugees. Yet, the refugees are better off, they get humanitarian aid from the United Nations, but we do not. Lieutenant Kalupala is fuming. The soldiers of the armed forces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Forces Armées de la République Démocratique du Congo (FARDC), never tire of pointing out their miserable living conditions and the hardships to which they are exposed. There’s always hunger. If you’re lucky you get food twice a day, but never meat. Meat is too expensive. So there is rice and beans, or ugali, the doughy stuff made from cassava or maize flour that is a staple food in large parts of the eastern Congo. It’s never enough. So you buy extra food and if you lack the money you smoke. Bangi. Ganja. Stuff, you know. It makes the hunger dis-appear. But sergeant Affasha does not like to smoke. It’s bad, he says. It makes you mjinga. You get crazy and then you start doing crazy things. The devil will walk behind you and you lose control. He rather drinks. Alcohol. Not the strong liquor in plastic bags like Furaha or BT. He mostly drinks kanyanga, a brew made from cassava and maize waste. You drink just some, in the morning, before you go to the roadblock. Then you feel much better, because the roadblock duty is long and boring. But kanyanaga helps. And it’s very cheap.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;We are like refugees. We move around like refugees, we live like refugees, we eat like refugees. Yet, the refugees are better off, they get humanitarian aid from the United Nations, but we do not. Lieutenant Kalupala is fuming. The soldiers of the armed forces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Forces Armées de la République Démocratique du Congo (FARDC), never tire of pointing out their miserable living conditions and the hardships to which they are exposed. There’s always hunger. If you’re lucky you get food twice a day, but never meat. Meat is too expensive. So there is rice and beans, or ugali, the doughy stuff made from cassava or maize flour that is a staple food in large parts of the eastern Congo. It’s never enough. So you buy extra food and if you lack the money you smoke. Bangi. Ganja. Stuff, you know. It makes the hunger dis-appear. But sergeant Affasha does not like to smoke. It’s bad, he says. It makes you mjinga. You get crazy and then you start doing crazy things. The devil will walk behind you and you lose control. He rather drinks. Alcohol. Not the strong liquor in plastic bags like Furaha or BT. He mostly drinks kanyanga, a brew made from cassava and maize waste. You drink just some, in the morning, before you go to the roadblock. Then you feel much better, because the roadblock duty is long and boring. But kanyanaga helps. And it’s very cheap.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;It had been 7 years and after all that labor—building a world from a bang—I deserved a rest. Your promises had begun to wear thin, and I wanted to return to my men—Those souls vanished like an errant ship to the Horizon.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Overlooking Lago di Orta in the foothills of the Northern Italian Alps, the Renaissance-era Sacro Monte di Orta (a UNESCO World Heritage site) is spectacle and hagiography, theme park and treatise. Sacro Monte di Orta is a sacred mountain complex that extolls the life of St. Francis of Assisi through fresco, statuary, and built environment. Descending from the vision of the 16th-century Archbishop Carlo Borromeo, the design and execution of the chapels express the Catholic Church’s desire to define, or, perhaps redefine itself for a transforming Christian diaspora. And in the struggle to provide a spiritual and geographical front against the spread of Protestantism into the Italian peninsula, the Catholic Church mustered the most powerful weapon it had: the widely popular native Italian saint, Francis of Assisi.Sacred Views of Saint Francis: The Sacro Monte di Orta examines this important pilgrimage site where Francis is embraced as a ne plus ultra saint. The book delves into a pivotal moment in the life of the Catholic Church as revealed through the artistic program of the Sacro Monte’s twenty-one chapels, providing a nuanced understanding of the role the site played in the Counter-Reformation.The Sacro Monte di Orta was, in its way, a new hagiographical text vital to post-Tridentine Italy. Sacred Views provides research and analysis of this popular, yet critically neglected Franciscan devotional site. Sacred Views is the first significant scholarly work on the Sacro Monte di Orta in English and one of the very few full-length treatments in any language. It includes a catalogue of artists, over one hundred photographs, maps, short essays on each chapel, and longer essays that examine some of the most significant chapels in greater detail.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Overlooking Lago di Orta in the foothills of the Northern Italian Alps, the Renaissance-era Sacro Monte di Orta (a UNESCO World Heritage site) is spectacle and hagiography, theme park and treatise. Sacro Monte di Orta is a sacred mountain complex that extolls the life of St. Francis of Assisi through fresco, statuary, and built environment. Descending from the vision of the 16th-century Archbishop Carlo Borromeo, the design and execution of the chapels express the Catholic Church’s desire to define, or, perhaps redefine itself for a transforming Christian diaspora. And in the struggle to provide a spiritual and geographical front against the spread of Protestantism into the Italian peninsula, the Catholic Church mustered the most powerful weapon it had: the widely popular native Italian saint, Francis of Assisi.Sacred Views of Saint Francis: The Sacro Monte di Orta examines this important pilgrimage site where Francis is embraced as a ne plus ultra saint. The book delves into a pivotal moment in the life of the Catholic Church as revealed through the artistic program of the Sacro Monte’s twenty-one chapels, providing a nuanced understanding of the role the site played in the Counter-Reformation.The Sacro Monte di Orta was, in its way, a new hagiographical text vital to post-Tridentine Italy. Sacred Views provides research and analysis of this popular, yet critically neglected Franciscan devotional site. Sacred Views is the first significant scholarly work on the Sacro Monte di Orta in English and one of the very few full-length treatments in any language. It includes a catalogue of artists, over one hundred photographs, maps, short essays on each chapel, and longer essays that examine some of the most significant chapels in greater detail.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;While sitting on the banks of the lagoon outside the UCSB Student Union, Asa and I began a discussion with the contributors as to the order in which they would appear. We made a picnic of the meeting over giant veggie burgers oozing barbecue sauce, and home fries piled high on trembling paper plates. They looked like cafeteria lunches at the grammar school in Brobdingnag. It became a surreal moment, we being well-mannered academics in swell conference clothes with smeared red faces and hands, talking about monsters. From this scene emerged an idea: rather than present each paper separately in a traditional format, the presenters would employ a format that paralleled the liminality of the sand line and the movement of waves. Asa and I proposed that the presenters withdraw and decide among themselves over the next few hours how their ideas would flow and waft and crash, roll in and draw out, all four together, washed up for the audience to discover and interpret like found treasure. It was an astonishingly mad and monstrous idea, and it was groovy to boot. The paper by Megan E. Palmer was presented in three parts, appearing as interludes between the other papers. In this way, the papers generated a collective meaning in addition to the discrete meanings of each paper. They formed a new creature, at once familiar and startlingly new, which, like an arcane creature of the sea, defies categorization. Asa and I were thrilled. We approved with spicy, sanguine teeth.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;While sitting on the banks of the lagoon outside the UCSB Student Union, Asa and I began a discussion with the contributors as to the order in which they would appear. We made a picnic of the meeting over giant veggie burgers oozing barbecue sauce, and home fries piled high on trembling paper plates. They looked like cafeteria lunches at the grammar school in Brobdingnag. It became a surreal moment, we being well-mannered academics in swell conference clothes with smeared red faces and hands, talking about monsters. From this scene emerged an idea: rather than present each paper separately in a traditional format, the presenters would employ a format that paralleled the liminality of the sand line and the movement of waves. Asa and I proposed that the presenters withdraw and decide among themselves over the next few hours how their ideas would flow and waft and crash, roll in and draw out, all four together, washed up for the audience to discover and interpret like found treasure. It was an astonishingly mad and monstrous idea, and it was groovy to boot. The paper by Megan E. Palmer was presented in three parts, appearing as interludes between the other papers. In this way, the papers generated a collective meaning in addition to the discrete meanings of each paper. They formed a new creature, at once familiar and startlingly new, which, like an arcane creature of the sea, defies categorization. Asa and I were thrilled. We approved with spicy, sanguine teeth.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Ocean is the New East</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Alan S. Montroso</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;On a recent visit to the Smithsonian’s National Museum of Natural History, I lingered a little while longer than usual in my favorite exhibit: the Sant Ocean Hall (see oppo-site page). Wandering with no telos in mind, I let myself bask before bioluminescent beings, tremble in awe at the improbability of the extremophiles, and gaze up like a supplicant at the model of Phoenix, a North Atlantic right whale. Deeply affected by these strange strangers,1 I stretched my imagination towards the inconceivable and wondered at the sheer breadth of possibilities for ways of living in the still-occult thalassic regions of Earth’s oceans. I found solace in the evidence that so many vast and heterogeneous lives can flourish without the intrusive light of the sun or human reason, and that such animacy is possible in the darkness, which is, according to Stacy Alaimo, a “world where the Copernican revolution is irrelevant.”2 I then with some discomfort imagined myself embodying an oceanic form, imagined breathing without oxygen, thriving at thermal vents, and manifesting light with my own body. I imagined myself as an aqueous and somewhat amorphous body squeezed and strangled by the just bearable pressures of the deep sea. I attempted a posthumanist thought project similar to what Alaimo describes in “Violet-Black,” her contribution to Prismatic Ecology, in which she insists that “thinking with and through the elec-tronic jellyfish, seeing through the prosthetic eye, playing open-ended, improvisa-tional language games with deep-sea creatures, being transformed by astonishment and desire enact a posthumanist practice.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;On a recent visit to the Smithsonian’s National Museum of Natural History, I lingered a little while longer than usual in my favorite exhibit: the Sant Ocean Hall (see oppo-site page). Wandering with no telos in mind, I let myself bask before bioluminescent beings, tremble in awe at the improbability of the extremophiles, and gaze up like a supplicant at the model of Phoenix, a North Atlantic right whale. Deeply affected by these strange strangers,1 I stretched my imagination towards the inconceivable and wondered at the sheer breadth of possibilities for ways of living in the still-occult thalassic regions of Earth’s oceans. I found solace in the evidence that so many vast and heterogeneous lives can flourish without the intrusive light of the sun or human reason, and that such animacy is possible in the darkness, which is, according to Stacy Alaimo, a “world where the Copernican revolution is irrelevant.”2 I then with some discomfort imagined myself embodying an oceanic form, imagined breathing without oxygen, thriving at thermal vents, and manifesting light with my own body. I imagined myself as an aqueous and somewhat amorphous body squeezed and strangled by the just bearable pressures of the deep sea. I attempted a posthumanist thought project similar to what Alaimo describes in “Violet-Black,” her contribution to Prismatic Ecology, in which she insists that “thinking with and through the elec-tronic jellyfish, seeing through the prosthetic eye, playing open-ended, improvisa-tional language games with deep-sea creatures, being transformed by astonishment and desire enact a posthumanist practice.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Interlude I</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Great Fishes and Monstrous Men (Shoreline)</Subtitle>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;If we judge by its popular broadsides, early modern England was awash with mon-sters. Broadsides, ephemeral as flotsam, offer tantalizing but fragmentary glimpses of how (and why) monsters were conceived. One such sheet, “a most true and mar-veilous strange wonder” (1568) (see next page), relates how a group of monstrous creatures apprehended in the waters near Ipswich nearly draw a boatful of men out to sea to be “lost and utterlie cast away,” but through God’s will and the industri-ousness of other sailors, the men are saved; the monsters (a group of “wonderfull stronge” “fisshes”) are brought to land, then vanquished and consumed.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;If we judge by its popular broadsides, early modern England was awash with mon-sters. Broadsides, ephemeral as flotsam, offer tantalizing but fragmentary glimpses of how (and why) monsters were conceived. One such sheet, “a most true and mar-veilous strange wonder” (1568) (see next page), relates how a group of monstrous creatures apprehended in the waters near Ipswich nearly draw a boatful of men out to sea to be “lost and utterlie cast away,” but through God’s will and the industri-ousness of other sailors, the men are saved; the monsters (a group of “wonderfull stronge” “fisshes”) are brought to land, then vanquished and consumed.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">On the Backs of Whales</TitleText>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;On the 8th of May, 1547, a large fin whale (Balaenoptera physalus) became stranded on the coast of Holland near the tenth-century abbey of Egmond.1 The 68-foot-long whale lay on its back on the cold sand “with his belly turned upwards. The belly was mottled, white and black; the back was black.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;On the 8th of May, 1547, a large fin whale (Balaenoptera physalus) became stranded on the coast of Holland near the tenth-century abbey of Egmond.1 The 68-foot-long whale lay on its back on the cold sand “with his belly turned upwards. The belly was mottled, white and black; the back was black.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Interlude II</TitleText>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Back, now, to Ipswich in 1568 — and to a disorientingly dual narrative in which the darker side of shared creaturely vulnerability is hidden, though ever-present, beneath a story of human victory over the monstrous. As we have seen, the strong surface current running through Timothy Granger’s broadside account of the capture of twenty-seven orca concentrates its definition of monstrousness on the size of the captured creatures. Unlike other monster broadsides of its day, it is without an explicit moral: the monsters are used neither to warn against behaviors that cross culturally constructed moral boundaries nor to plead with readers to reform their lives. It is a story of human ascendency. But pulling strongly in the other direc-tion — back to sea, back to the enormity of non-human otherness and to the disturbing darkness of unspeakable human cruelty — the broadside also illustrates the extreme brutality of the men of Ipswich upon encountering their “monsters.” The orca, once finally captured, were hauled in to Ipswich wharf; the largest was tied to a tree. “Som of them,” we learn, “laye upon the wharfe .ii. dayes and a nyght before they weare dead, and yet [the men] strooke them wyth Axes &amp;amp; other weapons to kyll them,” even to the point of their axes breaking on the whales’ “bones hard as stones.” While Granger never remarks upon the merciless brutality he describes at length, it saturates the text. It is likely that these actions were legible as cruelty to many contemporaries, especially those who focused on the creatures as fish first and monsters second.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Back, now, to Ipswich in 1568 — and to a disorientingly dual narrative in which the darker side of shared creaturely vulnerability is hidden, though ever-present, beneath a story of human victory over the monstrous. As we have seen, the strong surface current running through Timothy Granger’s broadside account of the capture of twenty-seven orca concentrates its definition of monstrousness on the size of the captured creatures. Unlike other monster broadsides of its day, it is without an explicit moral: the monsters are used neither to warn against behaviors that cross culturally constructed moral boundaries nor to plead with readers to reform their lives. It is a story of human ascendency. But pulling strongly in the other direc-tion — back to sea, back to the enormity of non-human otherness and to the disturbing darkness of unspeakable human cruelty — the broadside also illustrates the extreme brutality of the men of Ipswich upon encountering their “monsters.” The orca, once finally captured, were hauled in to Ipswich wharf; the largest was tied to a tree. “Som of them,” we learn, “laye upon the wharfe .ii. dayes and a nyght before they weare dead, and yet [the men] strooke them wyth Axes &amp;amp; other weapons to kyll them,” even to the point of their axes breaking on the whales’ “bones hard as stones.” While Granger never remarks upon the merciless brutality he describes at length, it saturates the text. It is likely that these actions were legible as cruelty to many contemporaries, especially those who focused on the creatures as fish first and monsters second.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Quickening Sands</TitleText>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The Lord of Ravenswood (tragic hero of Sir Walter Scott’s The Bride of Lammermoor) rides to avenge the death of his love. He rashly cuts away from the firmly packed ground where the sand meets the cliffs. He veers across the open expanse of the beach, and vanishes. Quicksand. Lord Ravenswood’s disappearance is abrupt and entire.The beach: a meeting of substances, a mixing, a wearing away. Sand shifts, rubs, drifts. Water flows, spreading itself out over the sand, smoothing, erasing, pulling silty gran-ules with it as it ebbs. The beach is a place of exchange where two substances come together, mix, and separate, each marked by contact with the other. Quicksand is a mixture of these substances — it is both water and sand — and yet it is neither water nor sand. It is a third substance. Undisturbed, sand and water maintain a balance, both present but not distinct, reliant upon the persistence of the other. Agitation alters this relationship separating water from sand; the land moves, ripples, opening a gap into which the walker sinks. Quicksand is both elements and both substances, it is the promise of solid ground and the subsequent rupture of water and sand that, in the case of Lord Ravenswood, swallows a man (and his horse) whole, in an instant. Quicksand is deceptive, unassuming, a perception of solid land that comes to life when stimulated. The separation of sand and water quickens the substance. The ground produces signs of life as the body is absorbed into living ground, becoming part of the landscape.1 Consumed. A monstrous incorporation.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The Lord of Ravenswood (tragic hero of Sir Walter Scott’s The Bride of Lammermoor) rides to avenge the death of his love. He rashly cuts away from the firmly packed ground where the sand meets the cliffs. He veers across the open expanse of the beach, and vanishes. Quicksand. Lord Ravenswood’s disappearance is abrupt and entire.The beach: a meeting of substances, a mixing, a wearing away. Sand shifts, rubs, drifts. Water flows, spreading itself out over the sand, smoothing, erasing, pulling silty gran-ules with it as it ebbs. The beach is a place of exchange where two substances come together, mix, and separate, each marked by contact with the other. Quicksand is a mixture of these substances — it is both water and sand — and yet it is neither water nor sand. It is a third substance. Undisturbed, sand and water maintain a balance, both present but not distinct, reliant upon the persistence of the other. Agitation alters this relationship separating water from sand; the land moves, ripples, opening a gap into which the walker sinks. Quicksand is both elements and both substances, it is the promise of solid ground and the subsequent rupture of water and sand that, in the case of Lord Ravenswood, swallows a man (and his horse) whole, in an instant. Quicksand is deceptive, unassuming, a perception of solid land that comes to life when stimulated. The separation of sand and water quickens the substance. The ground produces signs of life as the body is absorbed into living ground, becoming part of the landscape.1 Consumed. A monstrous incorporation.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Interlude III</TitleText>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;From shifting ground to shifting sea, from the parallax of dual narratives to the inrush and undertow of a single narrative that cannot see through to its own reflection, we come now full circle, back to 1586 and our marvelous sea-monster. To this point, we have been considering Timothy Granger’s broadside wholly within its early modern context. Now, however, I propose holding the mirror up to our own contemporary moment, one much more confident in its relegation of monsters to fiction and much more explicit in its concern for animal welfare.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;From shifting ground to shifting sea, from the parallax of dual narratives to the inrush and undertow of a single narrative that cannot see through to its own reflection, we come now full circle, back to 1586 and our marvelous sea-monster. To this point, we have been considering Timothy Granger’s broadside wholly within its early modern context. Now, however, I propose holding the mirror up to our own contemporary moment, one much more confident in its relegation of monsters to fiction and much more explicit in its concern for animal welfare.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;We are sinking. We are sinking, as individuals, as participants in a field that is sinking along with us, as members of a species, and as components in a massive, global eco-logical network. But we are not sinking because of the malevolence of natural forces, not because the sand is hungry for us and for our horses, characterized by “malicious intent,” as Erin Vander Wall describes the quicksand in Walter Scott’s The Bride of Lammermoor.1 We are not sinking because whales and monstrous fish want to swallow us whole, not because the strange beings of the sea wish harm on us, nor because the sea itself is vengeful, though “the water comes,”2 and who could blame it? We are sinking because of our collective hunger and callousness. As dwellers in the anthro-pocene, we can already see it all around us. Yes, of course, Venice is sinking.3 More than two decades ago, seemingly alarmist headlines asked questions about Amster-dam’s future like, “Is it time to build another ark?”4 But these cities have been sinking for centuries.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;We are sinking. We are sinking, as individuals, as participants in a field that is sinking along with us, as members of a species, and as components in a massive, global eco-logical network. But we are not sinking because of the malevolence of natural forces, not because the sand is hungry for us and for our horses, characterized by “malicious intent,” as Erin Vander Wall describes the quicksand in Walter Scott’s The Bride of Lammermoor.1 We are not sinking because whales and monstrous fish want to swallow us whole, not because the strange beings of the sea wish harm on us, nor because the sea itself is vengeful, though “the water comes,”2 and who could blame it? We are sinking because of our collective hunger and callousness. As dwellers in the anthro-pocene, we can already see it all around us. Yes, of course, Venice is sinking.3 More than two decades ago, seemingly alarmist headlines asked questions about Amster-dam’s future like, “Is it time to build another ark?”4 But these cities have been sinking for centuries.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Beaches are places that give and take, bringing unexpected surprises to society, and pulling essentials away from it. Through monsters, we confront our tiny time between catastrophes and develop a recognition of Otherness by which an ethical understanding of difference becomes possible. Learning to read the monster’s environmental signs often helps humans determine the scope of the monster’s place in the eco/cosmic timeline and defeat it—until the epic cycle inevitably repeats; monsters live and live and live. Even so; when humans identify and confront monsters we do so at the risk of exposing our own monstrosity. When a massive creature is pushed into human proximity by the ocean’s wide shoulders, the waves deposit and erode human assumptions about itself and its environment; words, sounds, breath, water, wind, flesh, blood, and bones wash in and out. Chance encounters reveal us to ourselves anew. When we look into the inky backs of whales, or deep into vortices, what do we see?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Beaches are places that give and take, bringing unexpected surprises to society, and pulling essentials away from it. Through monsters, we confront our tiny time between catastrophes and develop a recognition of Otherness by which an ethical understanding of difference becomes possible. Learning to read the monster’s environmental signs often helps humans determine the scope of the monster’s place in the eco/cosmic timeline and defeat it—until the epic cycle inevitably repeats; monsters live and live and live. Even so; when humans identify and confront monsters we do so at the risk of exposing our own monstrosity. When a massive creature is pushed into human proximity by the ocean’s wide shoulders, the waves deposit and erode human assumptions about itself and its environment; words, sounds, breath, water, wind, flesh, blood, and bones wash in and out. Chance encounters reveal us to ourselves anew. When we look into the inky backs of whales, or deep into vortices, what do we see?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;While sitting on the banks of the lagoon outside the UCSB Student Union, Asa and I began a discussion with the contributors as to the order in which they would appear. We made a picnic of the meeting over giant veggie burgers oozing barbecue sauce, and home fries piled high on trembling paper plates. They looked like cafeteria lunches at the grammar school in Brobdingnag. It became a surreal moment, we being well-mannered academics in swell conference clothes with smeared red faces and hands, talking about monsters. From this scene emerged an idea: rather than present each paper separately in a traditional format, the presenters would employ a format that paralleled the liminality of the sand line and the movement of waves. Asa and I proposed that the presenters withdraw and decide among themselves over the next few hours how their ideas would flow and waft and crash, roll in and draw out, all four together, washed up for the audience to discover and interpret like found treasure. It was an astonishingly mad and monstrous idea, and it was groovy to boot. The paper by Megan E. Palmer was presented in three parts, appearing as interludes between the other papers. In this way, the papers generated a collective meaning in addition to the discrete meanings of each paper. They formed a new creature, at once familiar and startlingly new, which, like an arcane creature of the sea, defies categorization. Asa and I were thrilled. We approved with spicy, sanguine teeth.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;While sitting on the banks of the lagoon outside the UCSB Student Union, Asa and I began a discussion with the contributors as to the order in which they would appear. We made a picnic of the meeting over giant veggie burgers oozing barbecue sauce, and home fries piled high on trembling paper plates. They looked like cafeteria lunches at the grammar school in Brobdingnag. It became a surreal moment, we being well-mannered academics in swell conference clothes with smeared red faces and hands, talking about monsters. From this scene emerged an idea: rather than present each paper separately in a traditional format, the presenters would employ a format that paralleled the liminality of the sand line and the movement of waves. Asa and I proposed that the presenters withdraw and decide among themselves over the next few hours how their ideas would flow and waft and crash, roll in and draw out, all four together, washed up for the audience to discover and interpret like found treasure. It was an astonishingly mad and monstrous idea, and it was groovy to boot. The paper by Megan E. Palmer was presented in three parts, appearing as interludes between the other papers. In this way, the papers generated a collective meaning in addition to the discrete meanings of each paper. They formed a new creature, at once familiar and startlingly new, which, like an arcane creature of the sea, defies categorization. Asa and I were thrilled. We approved with spicy, sanguine teeth.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Ocean is the New East</TitleText>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;On a recent visit to the Smithsonian’s National Museum of Natural History, I lingered a little while longer than usual in my favorite exhibit: the Sant Ocean Hall (see oppo-site page). Wandering with no telos in mind, I let myself bask before bioluminescent beings, tremble in awe at the improbability of the extremophiles, and gaze up like a supplicant at the model of Phoenix, a North Atlantic right whale. Deeply affected by these strange strangers,1 I stretched my imagination towards the inconceivable and wondered at the sheer breadth of possibilities for ways of living in the still-occult thalassic regions of Earth’s oceans. I found solace in the evidence that so many vast and heterogeneous lives can flourish without the intrusive light of the sun or human reason, and that such animacy is possible in the darkness, which is, according to Stacy Alaimo, a “world where the Copernican revolution is irrelevant.”2 I then with some discomfort imagined myself embodying an oceanic form, imagined breathing without oxygen, thriving at thermal vents, and manifesting light with my own body. I imagined myself as an aqueous and somewhat amorphous body squeezed and strangled by the just bearable pressures of the deep sea. I attempted a posthumanist thought project similar to what Alaimo describes in “Violet-Black,” her contribution to Prismatic Ecology, in which she insists that “thinking with and through the elec-tronic jellyfish, seeing through the prosthetic eye, playing open-ended, improvisa-tional language games with deep-sea creatures, being transformed by astonishment and desire enact a posthumanist practice.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;On a recent visit to the Smithsonian’s National Museum of Natural History, I lingered a little while longer than usual in my favorite exhibit: the Sant Ocean Hall (see oppo-site page). Wandering with no telos in mind, I let myself bask before bioluminescent beings, tremble in awe at the improbability of the extremophiles, and gaze up like a supplicant at the model of Phoenix, a North Atlantic right whale. Deeply affected by these strange strangers,1 I stretched my imagination towards the inconceivable and wondered at the sheer breadth of possibilities for ways of living in the still-occult thalassic regions of Earth’s oceans. I found solace in the evidence that so many vast and heterogeneous lives can flourish without the intrusive light of the sun or human reason, and that such animacy is possible in the darkness, which is, according to Stacy Alaimo, a “world where the Copernican revolution is irrelevant.”2 I then with some discomfort imagined myself embodying an oceanic form, imagined breathing without oxygen, thriving at thermal vents, and manifesting light with my own body. I imagined myself as an aqueous and somewhat amorphous body squeezed and strangled by the just bearable pressures of the deep sea. I attempted a posthumanist thought project similar to what Alaimo describes in “Violet-Black,” her contribution to Prismatic Ecology, in which she insists that “thinking with and through the elec-tronic jellyfish, seeing through the prosthetic eye, playing open-ended, improvisa-tional language games with deep-sea creatures, being transformed by astonishment and desire enact a posthumanist practice.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Interlude I</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Great Fishes and Monstrous Men (Shoreline)</Subtitle>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;If we judge by its popular broadsides, early modern England was awash with mon-sters. Broadsides, ephemeral as flotsam, offer tantalizing but fragmentary glimpses of how (and why) monsters were conceived. One such sheet, “a most true and mar-veilous strange wonder” (1568) (see next page), relates how a group of monstrous creatures apprehended in the waters near Ipswich nearly draw a boatful of men out to sea to be “lost and utterlie cast away,” but through God’s will and the industri-ousness of other sailors, the men are saved; the monsters (a group of “wonderfull stronge” “fisshes”) are brought to land, then vanquished and consumed.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;If we judge by its popular broadsides, early modern England was awash with mon-sters. Broadsides, ephemeral as flotsam, offer tantalizing but fragmentary glimpses of how (and why) monsters were conceived. One such sheet, “a most true and mar-veilous strange wonder” (1568) (see next page), relates how a group of monstrous creatures apprehended in the waters near Ipswich nearly draw a boatful of men out to sea to be “lost and utterlie cast away,” but through God’s will and the industri-ousness of other sailors, the men are saved; the monsters (a group of “wonderfull stronge” “fisshes”) are brought to land, then vanquished and consumed.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">On the Backs of Whales</TitleText>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;On the 8th of May, 1547, a large fin whale (Balaenoptera physalus) became stranded on the coast of Holland near the tenth-century abbey of Egmond.1 The 68-foot-long whale lay on its back on the cold sand “with his belly turned upwards. The belly was mottled, white and black; the back was black.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;On the 8th of May, 1547, a large fin whale (Balaenoptera physalus) became stranded on the coast of Holland near the tenth-century abbey of Egmond.1 The 68-foot-long whale lay on its back on the cold sand “with his belly turned upwards. The belly was mottled, white and black; the back was black.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Interlude II</TitleText>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Back, now, to Ipswich in 1568 — and to a disorientingly dual narrative in which the darker side of shared creaturely vulnerability is hidden, though ever-present, beneath a story of human victory over the monstrous. As we have seen, the strong surface current running through Timothy Granger’s broadside account of the capture of twenty-seven orca concentrates its definition of monstrousness on the size of the captured creatures. Unlike other monster broadsides of its day, it is without an explicit moral: the monsters are used neither to warn against behaviors that cross culturally constructed moral boundaries nor to plead with readers to reform their lives. It is a story of human ascendency. But pulling strongly in the other direc-tion — back to sea, back to the enormity of non-human otherness and to the disturbing darkness of unspeakable human cruelty — the broadside also illustrates the extreme brutality of the men of Ipswich upon encountering their “monsters.” The orca, once finally captured, were hauled in to Ipswich wharf; the largest was tied to a tree. “Som of them,” we learn, “laye upon the wharfe .ii. dayes and a nyght before they weare dead, and yet [the men] strooke them wyth Axes &amp;amp; other weapons to kyll them,” even to the point of their axes breaking on the whales’ “bones hard as stones.” While Granger never remarks upon the merciless brutality he describes at length, it saturates the text. It is likely that these actions were legible as cruelty to many contemporaries, especially those who focused on the creatures as fish first and monsters second.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Back, now, to Ipswich in 1568 — and to a disorientingly dual narrative in which the darker side of shared creaturely vulnerability is hidden, though ever-present, beneath a story of human victory over the monstrous. As we have seen, the strong surface current running through Timothy Granger’s broadside account of the capture of twenty-seven orca concentrates its definition of monstrousness on the size of the captured creatures. Unlike other monster broadsides of its day, it is without an explicit moral: the monsters are used neither to warn against behaviors that cross culturally constructed moral boundaries nor to plead with readers to reform their lives. It is a story of human ascendency. But pulling strongly in the other direc-tion — back to sea, back to the enormity of non-human otherness and to the disturbing darkness of unspeakable human cruelty — the broadside also illustrates the extreme brutality of the men of Ipswich upon encountering their “monsters.” The orca, once finally captured, were hauled in to Ipswich wharf; the largest was tied to a tree. “Som of them,” we learn, “laye upon the wharfe .ii. dayes and a nyght before they weare dead, and yet [the men] strooke them wyth Axes &amp;amp; other weapons to kyll them,” even to the point of their axes breaking on the whales’ “bones hard as stones.” While Granger never remarks upon the merciless brutality he describes at length, it saturates the text. It is likely that these actions were legible as cruelty to many contemporaries, especially those who focused on the creatures as fish first and monsters second.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Quickening Sands</TitleText>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The Lord of Ravenswood (tragic hero of Sir Walter Scott’s The Bride of Lammermoor) rides to avenge the death of his love. He rashly cuts away from the firmly packed ground where the sand meets the cliffs. He veers across the open expanse of the beach, and vanishes. Quicksand. Lord Ravenswood’s disappearance is abrupt and entire.The beach: a meeting of substances, a mixing, a wearing away. Sand shifts, rubs, drifts. Water flows, spreading itself out over the sand, smoothing, erasing, pulling silty gran-ules with it as it ebbs. The beach is a place of exchange where two substances come together, mix, and separate, each marked by contact with the other. Quicksand is a mixture of these substances — it is both water and sand — and yet it is neither water nor sand. It is a third substance. Undisturbed, sand and water maintain a balance, both present but not distinct, reliant upon the persistence of the other. Agitation alters this relationship separating water from sand; the land moves, ripples, opening a gap into which the walker sinks. Quicksand is both elements and both substances, it is the promise of solid ground and the subsequent rupture of water and sand that, in the case of Lord Ravenswood, swallows a man (and his horse) whole, in an instant. Quicksand is deceptive, unassuming, a perception of solid land that comes to life when stimulated. The separation of sand and water quickens the substance. The ground produces signs of life as the body is absorbed into living ground, becoming part of the landscape.1 Consumed. A monstrous incorporation.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The Lord of Ravenswood (tragic hero of Sir Walter Scott’s The Bride of Lammermoor) rides to avenge the death of his love. He rashly cuts away from the firmly packed ground where the sand meets the cliffs. He veers across the open expanse of the beach, and vanishes. Quicksand. Lord Ravenswood’s disappearance is abrupt and entire.The beach: a meeting of substances, a mixing, a wearing away. Sand shifts, rubs, drifts. Water flows, spreading itself out over the sand, smoothing, erasing, pulling silty gran-ules with it as it ebbs. The beach is a place of exchange where two substances come together, mix, and separate, each marked by contact with the other. Quicksand is a mixture of these substances — it is both water and sand — and yet it is neither water nor sand. It is a third substance. Undisturbed, sand and water maintain a balance, both present but not distinct, reliant upon the persistence of the other. Agitation alters this relationship separating water from sand; the land moves, ripples, opening a gap into which the walker sinks. Quicksand is both elements and both substances, it is the promise of solid ground and the subsequent rupture of water and sand that, in the case of Lord Ravenswood, swallows a man (and his horse) whole, in an instant. Quicksand is deceptive, unassuming, a perception of solid land that comes to life when stimulated. The separation of sand and water quickens the substance. The ground produces signs of life as the body is absorbed into living ground, becoming part of the landscape.1 Consumed. A monstrous incorporation.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Interlude III</TitleText>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;From shifting ground to shifting sea, from the parallax of dual narratives to the inrush and undertow of a single narrative that cannot see through to its own reflection, we come now full circle, back to 1586 and our marvelous sea-monster. To this point, we have been considering Timothy Granger’s broadside wholly within its early modern context. Now, however, I propose holding the mirror up to our own contemporary moment, one much more confident in its relegation of monsters to fiction and much more explicit in its concern for animal welfare.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;From shifting ground to shifting sea, from the parallax of dual narratives to the inrush and undertow of a single narrative that cannot see through to its own reflection, we come now full circle, back to 1586 and our marvelous sea-monster. To this point, we have been considering Timothy Granger’s broadside wholly within its early modern context. Now, however, I propose holding the mirror up to our own contemporary moment, one much more confident in its relegation of monsters to fiction and much more explicit in its concern for animal welfare.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;We are sinking. We are sinking, as individuals, as participants in a field that is sinking along with us, as members of a species, and as components in a massive, global eco-logical network. But we are not sinking because of the malevolence of natural forces, not because the sand is hungry for us and for our horses, characterized by “malicious intent,” as Erin Vander Wall describes the quicksand in Walter Scott’s The Bride of Lammermoor.1 We are not sinking because whales and monstrous fish want to swallow us whole, not because the strange beings of the sea wish harm on us, nor because the sea itself is vengeful, though “the water comes,”2 and who could blame it? We are sinking because of our collective hunger and callousness. As dwellers in the anthro-pocene, we can already see it all around us. Yes, of course, Venice is sinking.3 More than two decades ago, seemingly alarmist headlines asked questions about Amster-dam’s future like, “Is it time to build another ark?”4 But these cities have been sinking for centuries.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;We are sinking. We are sinking, as individuals, as participants in a field that is sinking along with us, as members of a species, and as components in a massive, global eco-logical network. But we are not sinking because of the malevolence of natural forces, not because the sand is hungry for us and for our horses, characterized by “malicious intent,” as Erin Vander Wall describes the quicksand in Walter Scott’s The Bride of Lammermoor.1 We are not sinking because whales and monstrous fish want to swallow us whole, not because the strange beings of the sea wish harm on us, nor because the sea itself is vengeful, though “the water comes,”2 and who could blame it? We are sinking because of our collective hunger and callousness. As dwellers in the anthro-pocene, we can already see it all around us. Yes, of course, Venice is sinking.3 More than two decades ago, seemingly alarmist headlines asked questions about Amster-dam’s future like, “Is it time to build another ark?”4 But these cities have been sinking for centuries.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Siting Futurity: The "Feel Good" Tactical Radicalism of Contemporary Culture in and around Vienna shows how cultural practitioners in and around Vienna draw on their historical knowledge of locality to create rousing productions designed to get audiences to inform themselves about useful aspects of history, to get them to engage their presents, and to help make possible more socially equitable futures. Analyses of politically engaged works of contemporary theatre, film, and photography set in and around Vienna help to identify a historically oriented mechanism that enables artists to tap into Vienna’s extraordinary, and extraordinarily under-appreciated, tradition of protest culture that dates back to the action that brought about the Wiener Neustadt “Blood Court” in the 16th century, but really came into its own with the city’s most influential occupation of an abandoned slaughterhouse for 100 days in the late summer of 1976. It also shows how work with a connection to Vienna by international stars like David Bowie, Wes Anderson, and Christoph Schlingensief has absorbed the same principles.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;While the overwhelming scale of technological development and the ensuing problems and crises may not have been deliberately designed to induce resignation, passivity, and despair, those who benefit from the related hyperobjects of financialization and climate change must find it convenient that they do, as demoralization reduces resistance to their profit-making machinations. It is in this context that Red Vienna’s proud tradition of social engagement and long tradition of resistance and radicality deserves to be better known.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;One of the fifty most influential living philosophers, a “self-promoting charlatan” (Brian Leiter), and the orchestrator of an “online orgy of stupidity” (Ray Brassier). In Skirmishes: With Friends, Enemies, and Neutrals, Graham Harman responds with flair and wit to some of his best-known critics and fellow travelers. Pulling no punches, Harman gives a masterclass in philosophical argumentation by dissecting, analyzing, and countering their criticism, be it from the Husserlian, Heideggerian, or Derridean corner. At the same time, Skirmishes provides an excellent introduction to the hottest debates in Speculative Realism and Object-Oriented Ontology, a speculative style of philosophy long foreclosed by the biases of mainstream continental thought, but which has turned in recent years into one of the most encompassing philosophies of our time, with a major impact on the arts, humanities, and architecture.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Part One considers four prominent books on speculative realism. In dialogue with Tom Sparrow’s The End of Phenomenology, Harman expresses agreement with Sparrow’s critique while taking issue with Lee Braver’s “transgressive realism” as not realist enough. Turning to Steven Shaviro’s The Universe of Things, Harman defends his own object-oriented model against Shaviro’s brand of process philosophy, while also engaging in side-debate with Levi R. Bryant’s distinction between virtual proper being and local manifestations. In the third chapter, on Peter Gratton’s Speculative Realism: Problems and Prospects, Harman opposes the author’s attempt to use Derridean notions of time and difference against Speculative Realism, in what amounts to his most extensive engagement with Derrida to date. Chapter Four gives us Harman’s response to Peter Wolfendale’s massive polemic in Object-Oriented Philosophy, which he shows is based on a failed criticism of Harman’s reading of Heidegger and a grumpy commitment to rationalist kitsch.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Part Two responds to a series of briefer criticisms of object-oriented ontology. When Alberto Toscano accuses Harman and Bruno Latour of “neo-monadological” and anti-scientific thinking, Harman responds that the philosophical factors pushing Leibniz into monadology are still valid today. When Christopher Norris mocks Harman for seeing merit in the occasionalist school, he shows why Norris’s middle-of-the-road scientific realism misses the point. In response to Dan Zahavi’s contention that phenomenology has little to learn from speculative realism, Harman exposes the holes in Zahavi’s reasoning. In a final response, Harman gives a point-by-point answer to Stephen Mulhall’s critical foray in the London Review of Books. Amidst these lively debates, Harman sheds new light on what he regards as the central bias of philosophical modernism, which he terms the taxonomical standpoint. It is a book sure to provoke lively controversy among both friends and foes of object-oriented thought.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;One of the fifty most influential living philosophers, a “self-promoting charlatan” (Brian Leiter), and the orchestrator of an “online orgy of stupidity” (Ray Brassier). In Skirmishes: With Friends, Enemies, and Neutrals, Graham Harman responds with flair and wit to some of his best-known critics and fellow travelers. Pulling no punches, Harman gives a masterclass in philosophical argumentation by dissecting, analyzing, and countering their criticism, be it from the Husserlian, Heideggerian, or Derridean corner. At the same time, Skirmishes provides an excellent introduction to the hottest debates in Speculative Realism and Object-Oriented Ontology, a speculative style of philosophy long foreclosed by the biases of mainstream continental thought, but which has turned in recent years into one of the most encompassing philosophies of our time, with a major impact on the arts, humanities, and architecture.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Part One considers four prominent books on speculative realism. In dialogue with Tom Sparrow’s The End of Phenomenology, Harman expresses agreement with Sparrow’s critique while taking issue with Lee Braver’s “transgressive realism” as not realist enough. Turning to Steven Shaviro’s The Universe of Things, Harman defends his own object-oriented model against Shaviro’s brand of process philosophy, while also engaging in side-debate with Levi R. Bryant’s distinction between virtual proper being and local manifestations. In the third chapter, on Peter Gratton’s Speculative Realism: Problems and Prospects, Harman opposes the author’s attempt to use Derridean notions of time and difference against Speculative Realism, in what amounts to his most extensive engagement with Derrida to date. Chapter Four gives us Harman’s response to Peter Wolfendale’s massive polemic in Object-Oriented Philosophy, which he shows is based on a failed criticism of Harman’s reading of Heidegger and a grumpy commitment to rationalist kitsch.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Part Two responds to a series of briefer criticisms of object-oriented ontology. When Alberto Toscano accuses Harman and Bruno Latour of “neo-monadological” and anti-scientific thinking, Harman responds that the philosophical factors pushing Leibniz into monadology are still valid today. When Christopher Norris mocks Harman for seeing merit in the occasionalist school, he shows why Norris’s middle-of-the-road scientific realism misses the point. In response to Dan Zahavi’s contention that phenomenology has little to learn from speculative realism, Harman exposes the holes in Zahavi’s reasoning. In a final response, Harman gives a point-by-point answer to Stephen Mulhall’s critical foray in the London Review of Books. Amidst these lively debates, Harman sheds new light on what he regards as the central bias of philosophical modernism, which he terms the taxonomical standpoint. It is a book sure to provoke lively controversy among both friends and foes of object-oriented thought.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;One of the fifty most influential living philosophers, a “self-promoting charlatan” (Brian Leiter), and the orchestrator of an “online orgy of stupidity” (Ray Brassier). In Skirmishes: With Friends, Enemies, and Neutrals, Graham Harman responds with flair and wit to some of his best-known critics and fellow travelers. Pulling no punches, Harman gives a masterclass in philosophical argumentation by dissecting, analyzing, and countering their criticism, be it from the Husserlian, Heideggerian, or Derridean corner. At the same time, Skirmishes provides an excellent introduction to the hottest debates in Speculative Realism and Object-Oriented Ontology, a speculative style of philosophy long foreclosed by the biases of mainstream continental thought, but which has turned in recent years into one of the most encompassing philosophies of our time, with a major impact on the arts, humanities, and architecture.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Part One considers four prominent books on speculative realism. In dialogue with Tom Sparrow’s The End of Phenomenology, Harman expresses agreement with Sparrow’s critique while taking issue with Lee Braver’s “transgressive realism” as not realist enough. Turning to Steven Shaviro’s The Universe of Things, Harman defends his own object-oriented model against Shaviro’s brand of process philosophy, while also engaging in side-debate with Levi R. Bryant’s distinction between virtual proper being and local manifestations. In the third chapter, on Peter Gratton’s Speculative Realism: Problems and Prospects, Harman opposes the author’s attempt to use Derridean notions of time and difference against Speculative Realism, in what amounts to his most extensive engagement with Derrida to date. Chapter Four gives us Harman’s response to Peter Wolfendale’s massive polemic in Object-Oriented Philosophy, which he shows is based on a failed criticism of Harman’s reading of Heidegger and a grumpy commitment to rationalist kitsch.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Part Two responds to a series of briefer criticisms of object-oriented ontology. When Alberto Toscano accuses Harman and Bruno Latour of “neo-monadological” and anti-scientific thinking, Harman responds that the philosophical factors pushing Leibniz into monadology are still valid today. When Christopher Norris mocks Harman for seeing merit in the occasionalist school, he shows why Norris’s middle-of-the-road scientific realism misses the point. In response to Dan Zahavi’s contention that phenomenology has little to learn from speculative realism, Harman exposes the holes in Zahavi’s reasoning. In a final response, Harman gives a point-by-point answer to Stephen Mulhall’s critical foray in the London Review of Books. Amidst these lively debates, Harman sheds new light on what he regards as the central bias of philosophical modernism, which he terms the taxonomical standpoint. It is a book sure to provoke lively controversy among both friends and foes of object-oriented thought.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;One of the fifty most influential living philosophers, a “self-promoting charlatan” (Brian Leiter), and the orchestrator of an “online orgy of stupidity” (Ray Brassier). In Skirmishes: With Friends, Enemies, and Neutrals, Graham Harman responds with flair and wit to some of his best-known critics and fellow travelers. Pulling no punches, Harman gives a masterclass in philosophical argumentation by dissecting, analyzing, and countering their criticism, be it from the Husserlian, Heideggerian, or Derridean corner. At the same time, Skirmishes provides an excellent introduction to the hottest debates in Speculative Realism and Object-Oriented Ontology, a speculative style of philosophy long foreclosed by the biases of mainstream continental thought, but which has turned in recent years into one of the most encompassing philosophies of our time, with a major impact on the arts, humanities, and architecture.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Part One considers four prominent books on speculative realism. In dialogue with Tom Sparrow’s The End of Phenomenology, Harman expresses agreement with Sparrow’s critique while taking issue with Lee Braver’s “transgressive realism” as not realist enough. Turning to Steven Shaviro’s The Universe of Things, Harman defends his own object-oriented model against Shaviro’s brand of process philosophy, while also engaging in side-debate with Levi R. Bryant’s distinction between virtual proper being and local manifestations. In the third chapter, on Peter Gratton’s Speculative Realism: Problems and Prospects, Harman opposes the author’s attempt to use Derridean notions of time and difference against Speculative Realism, in what amounts to his most extensive engagement with Derrida to date. Chapter Four gives us Harman’s response to Peter Wolfendale’s massive polemic in Object-Oriented Philosophy, which he shows is based on a failed criticism of Harman’s reading of Heidegger and a grumpy commitment to rationalist kitsch.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Part Two responds to a series of briefer criticisms of object-oriented ontology. When Alberto Toscano accuses Harman and Bruno Latour of “neo-monadological” and anti-scientific thinking, Harman responds that the philosophical factors pushing Leibniz into monadology are still valid today. When Christopher Norris mocks Harman for seeing merit in the occasionalist school, he shows why Norris’s middle-of-the-road scientific realism misses the point. In response to Dan Zahavi’s contention that phenomenology has little to learn from speculative realism, Harman exposes the holes in Zahavi’s reasoning. In a final response, Harman gives a point-by-point answer to Stephen Mulhall’s critical foray in the London Review of Books. Amidst these lively debates, Harman sheds new light on what he regards as the central bias of philosophical modernism, which he terms the taxonomical standpoint. It is a book sure to provoke lively controversy among both friends and foes of object-oriented thought.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Social and Intellectual Networking in the Early Middle Ages seeks to expand our understanding of early medieval connectivity by interrogating social and intellectual collaborations, competitions, and communications among persons, places, things, and ideas in the European and Mediterranean West during the second half of the first millennium CE. In so doing, its contributors explore the existence, performance, and sustainability of diverse political, scholarly, ecclesiastical, and material networks via manuscripts, artifacts, and theories framed by two broad interpretive categories. The first examines networks of scholars, writers, and the social and political histories related to their productions. The second imagines the transmission of “knowledge” as information, rhetoric, object, and epistemic grounding. In addition, the book rigorously investigates the theoretical possibilities and problems of researching early medieval networks, attempts to re-construct historical networks, and critically analyzes the concept of “information.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Social and Intellectual Networking in the Early Middle Ages seeks to expand our understanding of early medieval connectivity by interrogating social and intellectual collaborations, competitions, and communications among persons, places, things, and ideas in the European and Mediterranean West during the second half of the first millennium CE. In so doing, its contributors explore the existence, performance, and sustainability of diverse political, scholarly, ecclesiastical, and material networks via manuscripts, artifacts, and theories framed by two broad interpretive categories. The first examines networks of scholars, writers, and the social and political histories related to their productions. The second imagines the transmission of “knowledge” as information, rhetoric, object, and epistemic grounding. In addition, the book rigorously investigates the theoretical possibilities and problems of researching early medieval networks, attempts to re-construct historical networks, and critically analyzes the concept of “information.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Ksenia Bonch Reeves is Professor of Spanish and Chair of the Department of Modern Languages at Wright State University. She the author of Visions of Unity after the Visigoths: Early Iberian Latin Chronicles and the Mediterranean World (Turnhout: Brepols, 2016) and has published semi-paleographic editions of Old Castilian chronicles and legal texts. Her research interests include Medieval Iberian chronicle writing, Iberian Latin culture, law and literature, travel narratives, and the transition from Medieval to Renaissance culture with a particular focus on Spanish mysticism.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Edward M. Schoolman teaches at the University of Nevada, Reno, where he focuses on the late antique and early medieval Mediterranean. He published a monograph, Rediscovering Sainthood in Italy: Hagiography and the Late Antique Past in Medieval Ravenna (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2016), and is currently working on new book project on Greek identity; as part of an interdisciplinary team, his research extends into the interconnections between history and ecology in Italy.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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            <TitleText language="eng">The Early Reception History of the First Book of Isidore’s "Etymologies" as a Mirror of Carolingian Intellectual Networks</TitleText>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Evina Steinová is a postdoctoral researcher at the Huygens Institute in Amsterdam. Her research centers on early medieval intellectual life, early medieval manuscripts and written culture, and on the diffusion of innovations during the Carolingian period. She is keenly interested in applying digital and statistical methods to traditional humanities subjects. Evina received her PhD in Medieval Studies from Utrecht University. Her most recent book Notam superponere studui: The Use of Annotation Symbols in the Early Middle Ages (Turnhout: Brepols, 2019) maps the landscape of annotation symbols used in the early medieval Latin West.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Michael J. Kelly lectures history, critical theory, and the philosophy of history at Binghamton University (SUNY) and is Director of Networks and Neighbours. His publications include Isidore of Seville and the “Liber Iudiciorum”: The Struggle for the Past in the Visigothic Kingdom, The Medieval and Early Modern Iberian World 80 (Boston and Leiden: Brill, 2021) and the co-edited volume Theories of History: History Read Across the Humanities (London: Bloomsbury, 2018). He is currently preparing a monograph on the concept of in/humanity in early medieval theology.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;K. Patrick Fazioli is an Associate Professor in the Department of Humanities and Co-Director of the Global Honors Program at Mercy College (NY). An anthropological archaeologist focusing on the late antique and early medieval eastern Alpine region, he is the author of The Mirror of the Medieval: An Anthropology of the Western Historical Imagination (New York: Berghahn Books, 2017).&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Social and Intellectual Networking in the Early Middle Ages seeks to expand our understanding of early medieval connectivity by interrogating social and intellectual collaborations, competitions, and communications among persons, places, things, and ideas in the European and Mediterranean West during the second half of the first millennium CE. In so doing, its contributors explore the existence, performance, and sustainability of diverse political, scholarly, ecclesiastical, and material networks via manuscripts, artifacts, and theories framed by two broad interpretive categories. The first examines networks of scholars, writers, and the social and political histories related to their productions. The second imagines the transmission of “knowledge” as information, rhetoric, object, and epistemic grounding. In addition, the book rigorously investigates the theoretical possibilities and problems of researching early medieval networks, attempts to re-construct historical networks, and critically analyzes the concept of “information.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Social and Intellectual Networking in the Early Middle Ages seeks to expand our understanding of early medieval connectivity by interrogating social and intellectual collaborations, competitions, and communications among persons, places, things, and ideas in the European and Mediterranean West during the second half of the first millennium CE. In so doing, its contributors explore the existence, performance, and sustainability of diverse political, scholarly, ecclesiastical, and material networks via manuscripts, artifacts, and theories framed by two broad interpretive categories. The first examines networks of scholars, writers, and the social and political histories related to their productions. The second imagines the transmission of “knowledge” as information, rhetoric, object, and epistemic grounding. In addition, the book rigorously investigates the theoretical possibilities and problems of researching early medieval networks, attempts to re-construct historical networks, and critically analyzes the concept of “information.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">The Early Reception History of the First Book of Isidore’s "Etymologies" as a Mirror of Carolingian Intellectual Networks</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">A Proposal</Subtitle>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Evina Steinová is a postdoctoral researcher at the Huygens Institute in Amsterdam. Her research centers on early medieval intellectual life, early medieval manuscripts and written culture, and on the diffusion of innovations during the Carolingian period. She is keenly interested in applying digital and statistical methods to traditional humanities subjects. Evina received her PhD in Medieval Studies from Utrecht University. Her most recent book Notam superponere studui: The Use of Annotation Symbols in the Early Middle Ages (Turnhout: Brepols, 2019) maps the landscape of annotation symbols used in the early medieval Latin West.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Michael J. Kelly lectures history, critical theory, and the philosophy of history at Binghamton University (SUNY) and is Director of Networks and Neighbours. His publications include Isidore of Seville and the “Liber Iudiciorum”: The Struggle for the Past in the Visigothic Kingdom, The Medieval and Early Modern Iberian World 80 (Boston and Leiden: Brill, 2021) and the co-edited volume Theories of History: History Read Across the Humanities (London: Bloomsbury, 2018). He is currently preparing a monograph on the concept of in/humanity in early medieval theology.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;K. Patrick Fazioli is an Associate Professor in the Department of Humanities and Co-Director of the Global Honors Program at Mercy College (NY). An anthropological archaeologist focusing on the late antique and early medieval eastern Alpine region, he is the author of The Mirror of the Medieval: An Anthropology of the Western Historical Imagination (New York: Berghahn Books, 2017).&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Queer and Bookish: Eve Kosofksy Sedgwick as Book Artist represents the first book-length study to explore the intersections of Sedgwick’s critical writing, poetry, and, most importantly, book art, making the case that her art criticism, especially her meditations on domestic and nineteenth-century photography, and “artist’s book” projects are as formally complex and brilliant, conceptually significant and life-changing, as her literary criticism and theory. In addition, the book represents a significant intervention into recent debates about reparative reading, surface reading, and the descriptive turn across the humanities, because of its sustained, positive accounts on Sedgwick’s books as visual, textural, and material objects.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The book ranges across Sedgwick’s published output, from The Coherence of Gothic Conventions (1980) to the posthumously published The Weather in Proust (2011), and features her meditations on a wide variety of art-historical topoi, including Judith Scott’s queer/crip fiber art; the anality of Polykleitos’s Doryphorus; queer Modernist typography; Piranesi’s punitive space; Duncan Grant and Vanessa Bell’s queer holy family; Manet’s frontality and thalassic aesthetics; fat and thin aesthetics of various stripes; and the queer photography of Anna Atkins, Clementina Hawarden, and Julia Margaret Cameron; Baron De Mayer, Eugene Atget, and P.H. Emerson; as well as David Hockney, Ken Brown, and her own father, a NASA lunar photographer. The book climaxes with two chapter-length explorations of Sedgwick’s own late-life book-art practice: her panda Valentine alphabet cards (c. 1996) and her Last Days of Pompeii/Cavafy unique artist’s book (c. 2007).&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Queer and Bookish: Eve Kosofksy Sedgwick as Book Artist represents the first book-length study to explore the intersections of Sedgwick’s critical writing, poetry, and, most importantly, book art, making the case that her art criticism, especially her meditations on domestic and nineteenth-century photography, and “artist’s book” projects are as formally complex and brilliant, conceptually significant and life-changing, as her literary criticism and theory. In addition, the book represents a significant intervention into recent debates about reparative reading, surface reading, and the descriptive turn across the humanities, because of its sustained, positive accounts on Sedgwick’s books as visual, textural, and material objects.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The book ranges across Sedgwick’s published output, from The Coherence of Gothic Conventions (1980) to the posthumously published The Weather in Proust (2011), and features her meditations on a wide variety of art-historical topoi, including Judith Scott’s queer/crip fiber art; the anality of Polykleitos’s Doryphorus; queer Modernist typography; Piranesi’s punitive space; Duncan Grant and Vanessa Bell’s queer holy family; Manet’s frontality and thalassic aesthetics; fat and thin aesthetics of various stripes; and the queer photography of Anna Atkins, Clementina Hawarden, and Julia Margaret Cameron; Baron De Mayer, Eugene Atget, and P.H. Emerson; as well as David Hockney, Ken Brown, and her own father, a NASA lunar photographer. The book climaxes with two chapter-length explorations of Sedgwick’s own late-life book-art practice: her panda Valentine alphabet cards (c. 1996) and her Last Days of Pompeii/Cavafy unique artist’s book (c. 2007).&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Queer and Bookish: Eve Kosofksy Sedgwick as Book Artist represents the first book-length study to explore the intersections of Sedgwick’s critical writing, poetry, and, most importantly, book art, making the case that her art criticism, especially her meditations on domestic and nineteenth-century photography, and “artist’s book” projects are as formally complex and brilliant, conceptually significant and life-changing, as her literary criticism and theory. In addition, the book represents a significant intervention into recent debates about reparative reading, surface reading, and the descriptive turn across the humanities, because of its sustained, positive accounts on Sedgwick’s books as visual, textural, and material objects.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The book ranges across Sedgwick’s published output, from The Coherence of Gothic Conventions (1980) to the posthumously published The Weather in Proust (2011), and features her meditations on a wide variety of art-historical topoi, including Judith Scott’s queer/crip fiber art; the anality of Polykleitos’s Doryphorus; queer Modernist typography; Piranesi’s punitive space; Duncan Grant and Vanessa Bell’s queer holy family; Manet’s frontality and thalassic aesthetics; fat and thin aesthetics of various stripes; and the queer photography of Anna Atkins, Clementina Hawarden, and Julia Margaret Cameron; Baron De Mayer, Eugene Atget, and P.H. Emerson; as well as David Hockney, Ken Brown, and her own father, a NASA lunar photographer. The book climaxes with two chapter-length explorations of Sedgwick’s own late-life book-art practice: her panda Valentine alphabet cards (c. 1996) and her Last Days of Pompeii/Cavafy unique artist’s book (c. 2007).&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Queer communal kinship is a long overdue replacement for the naturalized model of the modern western family; a post-capitalist regime of social reproduction, aiming for redistributive justice through the politics of pleasure; a timely proposal for the demise of possessive and accumulative ideology, and the upsurge of a counter-imaginary; a manifesto for the collectivization of reproductive labor; an ethical conceptual framework for a joyful cultural shift: Queer Communal Kinship Now!&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This manifesto pushes for a radical redefinition of love, intimacy, and care in support of a much needed redistributive justice movement. This project must be accompanied by an exit from heteronormativity as a regime of relational scarcity, as well as from the metaphysics of private property which is at the heart of our economies and by extension of our social ecologies -- at odds with much of life on this planet. Queer Communal Kinship Now! examines the role of western normative family ideals in the mechanisms of the preservation and intensification of this status quo, as well as potential approaches to guide us out of this unsavory situation. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;break/&gt;Both handbook and personal narrative, Queer Communal Kinship Now! discusses the conceptual leaps required to emancipate ourselves from the conventional western family model, towards different regimes of bonding, care, and attention, to allow us to imagine a different type of social reality driven by queer and feminist ethical concerns. Directed to those interested in building queer families and wondering how not to repeat the mistakes of their parents, Queer Communal Kinship Now! offers radical ways of rethinking being together.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Robinou is an artist and theorist whose work focuses on gender deconstruction and the questioning of heteronormativity. Their current research is articulated around notions of queer kinship and domesticity, with a focus on communal experimentation. Their literary practice consists of utopian theory, developing conceptual frameworks, regimes of attention, and narratives of emancipation from normative thinking. As a performer, they shape affective spaces of intimacy and care, events of collective world-making which re-actualize sensibility and imagination in our relational landscape.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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        <SubjectHeadingText>kinship; communalism; queer families; consensual non-monogamy; heteronormativity; utopia; feminism; queer studies</SubjectHeadingText>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Queer communal kinship is a long overdue replacement for the naturalized model of the modern western family; a post-capitalist regime of social reproduction, aiming for redistributive justice through the politics of pleasure; a timely proposal for the demise of possessive and accumulative ideology, and the upsurge of a counter-imaginary; a manifesto for the collectivization of reproductive labor; an ethical conceptual framework for a joyful cultural shift: Queer Communal Kinship Now!&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This manifesto pushes for a radical redefinition of love, intimacy, and care in support of a much needed redistributive justice movement. This project must be accompanied by an exit from heteronormativity as a regime of relational scarcity, as well as from the metaphysics of private property which is at the heart of our economies and by extension of our social ecologies -- at odds with much of life on this planet. Queer Communal Kinship Now! examines the role of western normative family ideals in the mechanisms of the preservation and intensification of this status quo, as well as potential approaches to guide us out of this unsavory situation. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;break/&gt;Both handbook and personal narrative, Queer Communal Kinship Now! discusses the conceptual leaps required to emancipate ourselves from the conventional western family model, towards different regimes of bonding, care, and attention, to allow us to imagine a different type of social reality driven by queer and feminist ethical concerns. Directed to those interested in building queer families and wondering how not to repeat the mistakes of their parents, Queer Communal Kinship Now! offers radical ways of rethinking being together.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Queer communal kinship is a long overdue replacement for the naturalized model of the modern western family; a post-capitalist regime of social reproduction, aiming for redistributive justice through the politics of pleasure; a timely proposal for the demise of possessive and accumulative ideology, and the upsurge of a counter-imaginary; a manifesto for the collectivization of reproductive labor; an ethical conceptual framework for a joyful cultural shift: Queer Communal Kinship Now!&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This manifesto pushes for a radical redefinition of love, intimacy, and care in support of a much needed redistributive justice movement. This project must be accompanied by an exit from heteronormativity as a regime of relational scarcity, as well as from the metaphysics of private property which is at the heart of our economies and by extension of our social ecologies -- at odds with much of life on this planet. Queer Communal Kinship Now! examines the role of western normative family ideals in the mechanisms of the preservation and intensification of this status quo, as well as potential approaches to guide us out of this unsavory situation. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;break/&gt;Both handbook and personal narrative, Queer Communal Kinship Now! discusses the conceptual leaps required to emancipate ourselves from the conventional western family model, towards different regimes of bonding, care, and attention, to allow us to imagine a different type of social reality driven by queer and feminist ethical concerns. Directed to those interested in building queer families and wondering how not to repeat the mistakes of their parents, Queer Communal Kinship Now! offers radical ways of rethinking being together.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Superhero meaning making is a site of struggle. Superheroes (are thought to) trouble borders and normative ways of seeing and being in the world. Superhero narratives (are thought to) represent, and thereby inspire, alternative visions of the real world. The superhero genre is (thought to be) a repository for radical or progressive ideas. In the superhero world and beyond, much is made of the genre’s utopian and dystopian landscapes, queer identity-play, and transforming bodies, but might it not be the case that the genre’s overblown normative framing, or representation, serves to muzzle, rather than express, its protagonists’ radical promise? Why, when set against otherwise unbounded, and often extreme, transformation—human to machine, human to animal, human to god—are certain categories seemingly untouchable? Why does this speculative genre routinely fail to fully speculate about other worlds and ways of being in those worlds? For all their nonconformity, superhero stories do not live up to the idea of a radical genre, in look, feel, or tone. The mainstream American superhero genre, and its surrounding discourses, tells and facilitates an astonishingly seamless tale of opposing ideologies. But how?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Recovering the Radical Promise of Superheroes: Un/Making Worlds serves a speculative response, detailing not so much a hunt for genre meaning as a trip through a genre’s meaningscape. Looking anew at superhero meaning-making practices allows a distinct way of thinking about and describing the creative, formal, and ideological conditions of the genre and its protagonists, one removed from corralling binaries, one foregrounding the idea of a synergy—often unseen, uneasy, and even hostile—between official and unofficial agents of superhero meaning and one reframing familiar questions: What kinds of meaning do superhero texts engender? How is this meaning made? By whom and under what conditions? What processes and practices inform, regulate, and extend superhero meaning? And finally, superhero narratives present a new question: How might we reimagine its agents, surfaces, and spaces? Centering the experiences and practices of excluded and marginalized superhero fans, Recovering the Radical Promise of Superheroes reveals that genre meaning is not lodged in one place or another, neither in its official creators or fans, nor in “black and white” conservatism or in a “rainbow” of progressive possibilities. Nor is it even located somewhere in the in-between; it is instead better conceived of as an antagonistic, in-process nexus of meaning undergirded by systems of power.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Superhero meaning making is a site of struggle. Superheroes (are thought to) trouble borders and normative ways of seeing and being in the world. Superhero narratives (are thought to) represent, and thereby inspire, alternative visions of the real world. The superhero genre is (thought to be) a repository for radical or progressive ideas. In the superhero world and beyond, much is made of the genre’s utopian and dystopian landscapes, queer identity-play, and transforming bodies, but might it not be the case that the genre’s overblown normative framing, or representation, serves to muzzle, rather than express, its protagonists’ radical promise? Why, when set against otherwise unbounded, and often extreme, transformation—human to machine, human to animal, human to god—are certain categories seemingly untouchable? Why does this speculative genre routinely fail to fully speculate about other worlds and ways of being in those worlds? For all their nonconformity, superhero stories do not live up to the idea of a radical genre, in look, feel, or tone. The mainstream American superhero genre, and its surrounding discourses, tells and facilitates an astonishingly seamless tale of opposing ideologies. But how?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Recovering the Radical Promise of Superheroes: Un/Making Worlds serves a speculative response, detailing not so much a hunt for genre meaning as a trip through a genre’s meaningscape. Looking anew at superhero meaning-making practices allows a distinct way of thinking about and describing the creative, formal, and ideological conditions of the genre and its protagonists, one removed from corralling binaries, one foregrounding the idea of a synergy—often unseen, uneasy, and even hostile—between official and unofficial agents of superhero meaning and one reframing familiar questions: What kinds of meaning do superhero texts engender? How is this meaning made? By whom and under what conditions? What processes and practices inform, regulate, and extend superhero meaning? And finally, superhero narratives present a new question: How might we reimagine its agents, surfaces, and spaces? Centering the experiences and practices of excluded and marginalized superhero fans, Recovering the Radical Promise of Superheroes reveals that genre meaning is not lodged in one place or another, neither in its official creators or fans, nor in “black and white” conservatism or in a “rainbow” of progressive possibilities. Nor is it even located somewhere in the in-between; it is instead better conceived of as an antagonistic, in-process nexus of meaning undergirded by systems of power.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Superhero meaning making is a site of struggle. Superheroes (are thought to) trouble borders and normative ways of seeing and being in the world. Superhero narratives (are thought to) represent, and thereby inspire, alternative visions of the real world. The superhero genre is (thought to be) a repository for radical or progressive ideas. In the superhero world and beyond, much is made of the genre’s utopian and dystopian landscapes, queer identity-play, and transforming bodies, but might it not be the case that the genre’s overblown normative framing, or representation, serves to muzzle, rather than express, its protagonists’ radical promise? Why, when set against otherwise unbounded, and often extreme, transformation—human to machine, human to animal, human to god—are certain categories seemingly untouchable? Why does this speculative genre routinely fail to fully speculate about other worlds and ways of being in those worlds? For all their nonconformity, superhero stories do not live up to the idea of a radical genre, in look, feel, or tone. The mainstream American superhero genre, and its surrounding discourses, tells and facilitates an astonishingly seamless tale of opposing ideologies. But how?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Recovering the Radical Promise of Superheroes: Un/Making Worlds serves a speculative response, detailing not so much a hunt for genre meaning as a trip through a genre’s meaningscape. Looking anew at superhero meaning-making practices allows a distinct way of thinking about and describing the creative, formal, and ideological conditions of the genre and its protagonists, one removed from corralling binaries, one foregrounding the idea of a synergy—often unseen, uneasy, and even hostile—between official and unofficial agents of superhero meaning and one reframing familiar questions: What kinds of meaning do superhero texts engender? How is this meaning made? By whom and under what conditions? What processes and practices inform, regulate, and extend superhero meaning? And finally, superhero narratives present a new question: How might we reimagine its agents, surfaces, and spaces? Centering the experiences and practices of excluded and marginalized superhero fans, Recovering the Radical Promise of Superheroes reveals that genre meaning is not lodged in one place or another, neither in its official creators or fans, nor in “black and white” conservatism or in a “rainbow” of progressive possibilities. Nor is it even located somewhere in the in-between; it is instead better conceived of as an antagonistic, in-process nexus of meaning undergirded by systems of power.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Superhero meaning making is a site of struggle. Superheroes (are thought to) trouble borders and normative ways of seeing and being in the world. Superhero narratives (are thought to) represent, and thereby inspire, alternative visions of the real world. The superhero genre is (thought to be) a repository for radical or progressive ideas. In the superhero world and beyond, much is made of the genre’s utopian and dystopian landscapes, queer identity-play, and transforming bodies, but might it not be the case that the genre’s overblown normative framing, or representation, serves to muzzle, rather than express, its protagonists’ radical promise? Why, when set against otherwise unbounded, and often extreme, transformation—human to machine, human to animal, human to god—are certain categories seemingly untouchable? Why does this speculative genre routinely fail to fully speculate about other worlds and ways of being in those worlds? For all their nonconformity, superhero stories do not live up to the idea of a radical genre, in look, feel, or tone. The mainstream American superhero genre, and its surrounding discourses, tells and facilitates an astonishingly seamless tale of opposing ideologies. But how?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Recovering the Radical Promise of Superheroes: Un/Making Worlds serves a speculative response, detailing not so much a hunt for genre meaning as a trip through a genre’s meaningscape. Looking anew at superhero meaning-making practices allows a distinct way of thinking about and describing the creative, formal, and ideological conditions of the genre and its protagonists, one removed from corralling binaries, one foregrounding the idea of a synergy—often unseen, uneasy, and even hostile—between official and unofficial agents of superhero meaning and one reframing familiar questions: What kinds of meaning do superhero texts engender? How is this meaning made? By whom and under what conditions? What processes and practices inform, regulate, and extend superhero meaning? And finally, superhero narratives present a new question: How might we reimagine its agents, surfaces, and spaces? Centering the experiences and practices of excluded and marginalized superhero fans, Recovering the Radical Promise of Superheroes reveals that genre meaning is not lodged in one place or another, neither in its official creators or fans, nor in “black and white” conservatism or in a “rainbow” of progressive possibilities. Nor is it even located somewhere in the in-between; it is instead better conceived of as an antagonistic, in-process nexus of meaning undergirded by systems of power.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;From 2008-12, I worked as a researcher, sifting through redacted documents from the War on Terror. I thought of myself as a detective, stalking the state through the black blocks of the redactions. My mission was to fill in the blanks. When I wrote, I discarded the redactions: presence interested me, not the presence of absence. As the years passed, I came to be critical of my mode of hunting. In ignoring how redactions structured the information to which I had access, I ignored the state's heavy hand, lying behind the redactions. In my later work as an artist and essayist, I tried to understand the absences of the redactions as presences, possessing a logic all of their own. "Redaction: Sketch for a self-analysis," presents a narrative analysis of my decade-long obsession with redacted documents. The essay analyzes the various modes through which I tried to understand the documents, and presents an account of what we can learn from redacted documents, not through hunting for information amid the redactions, but by examining the absence themselves. In attending to these absences, this essay suggests, we come to learn about the outlines of our present.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Lisa Min is an anthropologist based in Seoul, teaching courses on politics and visuality at Yonsei University. She is currently working on two book projects that begin with north Korea, that open up the “place called north Korea” as a question and provocation for doing and writing anthropology.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In contrast to the blacklining of classified documents, the bureaucratic redactions that symbolize a certain aura of political power, this work seeks corners, the most intimate and silent of spaces, produced both because of and as a necessary embrace of the redacted political. As a reflection on the challenge of writing about North Korea within an overarching "totalitarian" framework that seeks to uncover hidden truths, that ceaselessly searches for hidden meanings in the veil of the black, I propose an approach that leaves me, implicated. In a series of “letters” to North Korea, I use redaction as form, as form-making of a particular kind of sociality that exists between, through, and ultimately because of the very space of redaction.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In contrast to the blacklining of classified documents, the bureaucratic redactions that symbolize a certain aura of political power, this work seeks corners, the most intimate and silent of spaces, produced both because of and as a necessary embrace of the redacted political. As a reflection on the challenge of writing about North Korea within an overarching "totalitarian" framework that seeks to uncover hidden truths, that ceaselessly searches for hidden meanings in the veil of the black, I propose an approach that leaves me, implicated. In a series of “letters” to North Korea, I use redaction as form, as form-making of a particular kind of sociality that exists between, through, and ultimately because of the very space of redaction.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Darren Byler is an anthropologist in the School for International Studies at Simon Fraser University in Vancouver, British Columbia. He is the author of an ethnography titled Terror Capitalism: Uyghur Dispossession and Masculinity in a Chinese City (Duke University Press 2022) and a book titled In the Camps: China’s High-Tech Penal Colony (Columbia Global Reports 2021). His current research interests are focused on policing, carceral theory, and global China.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This short essay tells the stories of how two of our mutual Uyghur friends have disappeared into the Xinjiang "reeducation" system over the past few years. Taking up a redaction practice that we liken to skillful revelation of skillful concealment—a definition of magic coined by anthropologist Michael Taussig—we produced a narrative about our friendships suffused with state power and the allure of a blank signifier. Thinking about this narrative in relation to a 1985 Uyghur  novella titled “Classmates,” written from the perspective of a young Uyghur man as he is released following ten years of  “reeducation through hard labor,” produced another revelation: in the midst of extreme social violence, daring to think and imagine offers a form of survival and risk. Writing the redacted nonfiction stories of our friends lives while thinking about the fictional novella placed us in dialogue with a state that appears to be simultaneously everywhere and nowhere, devouring all of life. It also allows for a more intimate form of magic, a way for us to remain in relation with our friends and for them to remain, at least partially, the authors of their own stories.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;How are societies from the distant past rendered palatable for modern US classrooms? A few months ago I worked with a fellow educator to create a lesson for high-schoolers about Moche, an ancient Andean society. We were attempting to correct an almost total erasure of Indigenous peoples in his social studies curriculum, but we found ourselves engaged in a very classroom-specific form of redaction. Moche artifacts that graphically depict both sex and violence brought that society into direct juxtaposition with our own and forced us to confront US norms about "appropriateness" in school. This piece is both a recounting of and reflection on that ethically confounding process. It renders transparent an aspect of education that usually happens in the privacy of home offices and teacher workrooms.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;How are societies from the distant past rendered palatable for modern US classrooms? A few months ago I worked with a fellow educator to create a lesson for high-schoolers about Moche, an ancient Andean society. We were attempting to correct an almost total erasure of Indigenous peoples in his social studies curriculum, but we found ourselves engaged in a very classroom-specific form of redaction. Moche artifacts that graphically depict both sex and violence brought that society into direct juxtaposition with our own and forced us to confront US norms about "appropriateness" in school. This piece is both a recounting of and reflection on that ethically confounding process. It renders transparent an aspect of education that usually happens in the privacy of home offices and teacher workrooms.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Charlene Makley is Professor of Anthropology at Reed College in Portland, Oregon. Her work has explored the history and cultural politics of █████-building, █████-led development and Buddhist revival among Tibetans in China's ███████ ████████ ████ since 1992. Her second book, The Battle for Fortune: █████-Led Development, Personhood and █████ among Tibetans in China, published in 2018 by Cornell University Press and the Weatherhead East Asia Institute at Columbia University, is an ethnography of state-local relations in the historically ███████ region of ███████(██ ███████ ████████) in the wake of China's Great Open the West campaign and during the  ████████  █████████ on ███████ ██████.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In this piece composed of short stories and erasure poems written in dialogue with each other, we reflect on the (im)possibilities of ethnography amidst state-led erasure and threat in China's Tibet before and after 2008, when Tibetans began to openly protest both their political economic marginalization and heightened assimilation pressures in the wake of the "Great Develop the West" campaign (2000-) and the rise of president Xi Jinping's more authoritarian policies (2013-). The ongoing militarization of Tibetan regions and increasing pressures on local officials to "maintain stability" (Ch. weiwen) and promote Chinese-style "civilization" (Ch. wenming), have meant that the threat of socioeconomic ostracization, detention, and torture is now much more present and pervasive for Tibetan citizens. We draw on Makley's twenty-seven years of ethnographic research conducted as a white American anthropologist in Tibetan regions, and on Dondrup Donyol's experiences conducting ethnographic research as a native anthropologist there. We strove for an emergent and dialogic writing process by sharing and responding to each others' narratives. As a way to illustrate sites of erasure imposed by authoritarian rule, we deploy oppositional forms of redaction in unexpected ways (not just names, places and other identifying markers of persons), in order to intervene in locally influential Chinese-language state texts. This process, our history of close collaborations, and our very different positions as ethnographers of Tibet, yielded new insights and avenues for us in rethinking the nature and roles of ethnography under authoritarian erasure.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In this piece composed of short stories and erasure poems written in dialogue with each other, we reflect on the (im)possibilities of ethnography amidst state-led erasure and threat in China's Tibet before and after 2008, when Tibetans began to openly protest both their political economic marginalization and heightened assimilation pressures in the wake of the "Great Develop the West" campaign (2000-) and the rise of president Xi Jinping's more authoritarian policies (2013-). The ongoing militarization of Tibetan regions and increasing pressures on local officials to "maintain stability" (Ch. weiwen) and promote Chinese-style "civilization" (Ch. wenming), have meant that the threat of socioeconomic ostracization, detention, and torture is now much more present and pervasive for Tibetan citizens. We draw on Makley's twenty-seven years of ethnographic research conducted as a white American anthropologist in Tibetan regions, and on Dondrup Donyol's experiences conducting ethnographic research as a native anthropologist there. We strove for an emergent and dialogic writing process by sharing and responding to each others' narratives. As a way to illustrate sites of erasure imposed by authoritarian rule, we deploy oppositional forms of redaction in unexpected ways (not just names, places and other identifying markers of persons), in order to intervene in locally influential Chinese-language state texts. This process, our history of close collaborations, and our very different positions as ethnographers of Tibet, yielded new insights and avenues for us in rethinking the nature and roles of ethnography under authoritarian erasure.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;What would redaction look like as an act of revelation? In this contribution, I lay out an engagement with the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) through erasure poetry, framing the results as a form of public anthropology of policy and bureaucracy. The GDPR came into force in Europe in 2018, affording newly created ‘data subjects’ new relations with their data. Using events in the UK and Denmark as examples, I put forward erasure poetry of policy, regulation and legislation as anaesthetic, practical and political intervention that seeks the inverse of what redaction is – in its legal intent – created for. Erasure poems leave behind only what the new author wishes to leave, revealing only words that are already there. It can make those words betray themselves, to reveal the meaning they had all along or given them a new inflection entirely opposite to their intended weight. I suggest that such capacities offer powerful means for managing voice, anonymity and creativity in charged ethnographic situations. I also view the deceptive simplicity of the act of erasure poetry as a means by which ethnographers and those with whom they work can speak with and through official wor(l)ds.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The chapter introduces Sebastian who is a Romanian man in his twenties with extensive experience as a transnational thief. Taking a point of departure in a tense meeting between Sebastian and some of his illegal business associates, the chapter starts by describing the meticulous practices of transnational stealing, in the form of stealing from clothes stores in other EU countries. Engaging with the volume’s overall focus on "redaction," the chapter then focuses on Sebastian’s family dynamics and shows how his family manages their knowledge about his illegal activities abroad. I argue that redaction can function as an analytical concept to capture how my informants "redact" by concealing different aspects of their illegal enterprises within their families. Simultaneously, the chapter shows the ways in which I, as the anthropologist, attempt to capture these fieldwork moments, centered around illegal activity. By analyzing my own practice of "redacting" my fieldnotes during fieldwork, I suggest that the concept of redaction can be used to illuminate and critically analyze the practices that we as anthropologists engage in during fieldwork – in the name of safety and anonymity – in order to protect our fields, our informants and ourselves.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;A&lt;italic&gt;_&lt;/italic&gt;_ Marie Ranjbar is a feminist political geographer with the Department of Women &amp;amp; Gender Studies at the University of Colorado Boulder. Since 2012, she has conducted research in Iran that examines the political conditions that make it challenging for Iranian citizens to speak openly about human rights and how activists strategically frame rights narratives as a means of political mobilization, both locally and transnationally. Dr. Ranj­bar’s work is published in Antipode; Annals of American Association of Geographers; ACME: An International Journal for Critical Geographies; Environment and Planning E; Gender, Place &amp;amp; Culture; Hypatia; and Political Geography, and her research has been supported by the American Association of University Women, the National Endowment for the Humanities, the ZEIT-Stiftung Foundation, and the Social Science Research Council.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Through parallel ethnographic vignettes in Tibet and Iran, which converge at a number of points around questions of national origin, research access, surveillance, and the cutting off of ties to family members and close friends, this chapter considers “passing” in the field as a form of self-redaction. We conceptualize this type of self-redaction as a double-edged sword, simultaneously a protective response to state surveillance, which enables movement through selective erasure, and a form of complicity that reinforces authoritarian state power. Through these vignettes, we also reflect on the contradictions between the ways in which self-redaction may be an ethical choice in contexts where interlocutors do not want to be responsible for the knowledge of fieldworkers’ citizenship status, and the liberal presumptions of Institutional Research Boards about ethics.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Through parallel ethnographic vignettes in Tibet and Iran, which converge at a number of points around questions of national origin, research access, surveillance, and the cutting off of ties to family members and close friends, this chapter considers “passing” in the field as a form of self-redaction. We conceptualize this type of self-redaction as a double-edged sword, simultaneously a protective response to state surveillance, which enables movement through selective erasure, and a form of complicity that reinforces authoritarian state power. Through these vignettes, we also reflect on the contradictions between the ways in which self-redaction may be an ethical choice in contexts where interlocutors do not want to be responsible for the knowledge of fieldworkers’ citizenship status, and the liberal presumptions of Institutional Research Boards about ethics.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The documentation, management of data, and influencing of public understanding regarding the severe expansion of a system of prisons and camps in China's Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region since 2017, has over the past years become a contested field. While there can be no doubt that the Chinese government is the largest redactor of information on Xinjiang, Western news outlets as well as Uyghur activist organizations also increasingly choose to filter and redact the information that they make public. Evidences of releases and changes in the camp system are being systematically ignored or underreported and increasing pressure is mounting on researchers to mainly deliver “ideologically sound” facts – from circles loyal to Beijing and Washington, respectively. This chapter seeks to comprehensively draw up these diverse vectors of pressure and the practices of redaction they provoke. Employing redaction as a conceptual tool to address both the destructive and constructive elements of editing, cutting, leaving information out, and consciously selecting frames for comparison and contextualization, we attend to both the political and ideological relevance of such acts. We draw our data from years of fieldwork in the region, on interviews with scholars and activists as well as on the reflection of our experience as scholars of China and Xinjiang.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The documentation, management of data, and influencing of public understanding regarding the severe expansion of a system of prisons and camps in China's Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region since 2017, has over the past years become a contested field. While there can be no doubt that the Chinese government is the largest redactor of information on Xinjiang, Western news outlets as well as Uyghur activist organizations also increasingly choose to filter and redact the information that they make public. Evidences of releases and changes in the camp system are being systematically ignored or underreported and increasing pressure is mounting on researchers to mainly deliver “ideologically sound” facts – from circles loyal to Beijing and Washington, respectively. This chapter seeks to comprehensively draw up these diverse vectors of pressure and the practices of redaction they provoke. Employing redaction as a conceptual tool to address both the destructive and constructive elements of editing, cutting, leaving information out, and consciously selecting frames for comparison and contextualization, we attend to both the political and ideological relevance of such acts. We draw our data from years of fieldwork in the region, on interviews with scholars and activists as well as on the reflection of our experience as scholars of China and Xinjiang.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;There are things we don’t know. There are things we choose not to learn. And there are things we hide. Redaction, however, is not necessarily performed by an individual subject (or agent as this particular case may be). In the case of the CIA, redaction is institutional. It is in the name of the state and is in service to the state. What is redacted is not always what matters to the stories we need to tell. It might matter to other stories and to other times. It might matter elsewhere or otherwise. It might not matter at all.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In this chapter, I consider the cultural and political status of things not revealed in relation to Tibet and the CIA, specifically the CIA’s training of several hundred Tibetan soldiers at a secret camp in Colorado. Based on 25 years of ethnographic research with Tibetan resistance veterans and their families, and with retired CIA officers and their families, I consider what is deemed important or relevant and by who. While redacted documents play a role in the story I have to tell, I am also interested in other forms of redaction as a politics of knowing and world-making. Ethnographically, the story moves between the USA and Tibet, between the Rocky Mountains and the Himalaya, traversing the way people are known by others through names, through relationships, through both shared and secret pains in search of what it means to not know something.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Joshua Craze is a writer currently completing a book for Fitzcarraldo Editions about war, silence, and bureaucracy in South Sudan. His fictions, essays, and reportage have been published by n+1, The Guardian, Foreign Policy, and The Baffler, among many other venues. He exhibited his “Grammar of Redaction” at the New Museum in New York in 2014; he was a UNESCO Artist Laureate in Creative Writing in the same year. He has collaborated with Jenny Holzer on two projects about redaction: a book-box (Belligerent, Ivory Press, 2017) and the catalogue essay he wrote for Jenny Holzer: War Paintings (Walther König, 2015). His other writings on redaction have been published in ASAP/Journal, Media-N, and in Archival Dissonance: Knowledge Production and Contemporary Art (I.B. Tauris/Ibraaz, 2015). He has been writing a novel entitled Redacted Mind for a decade now, much excerpted, never finished, and one day, he tells himself, he will send it off to the printers.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;From 2008-12, I worked as a researcher, sifting through redacted documents from the War on Terror. I thought of myself as a detective, stalking the state through the black blocks of the redactions. My mission was to fill in the blanks. When I wrote, I discarded the redactions: presence interested me, not the presence of absence. As the years passed, I came to be critical of my mode of hunting. In ignoring how redactions structured the information to which I had access, I ignored the state's heavy hand, lying behind the redactions. In my later work as an artist and essayist, I tried to understand the absences of the redactions as presences, possessing a logic all of their own. "Redaction: Sketch for a self-analysis," presents a narrative analysis of my decade-long obsession with redacted documents. The essay analyzes the various modes through which I tried to understand the documents, and presents an account of what we can learn from redacted documents, not through hunting for information amid the redactions, but by examining the absence themselves. In attending to these absences, this essay suggests, we come to learn about the outlines of our present.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In contrast to the blacklining of classified documents, the bureaucratic redactions that symbolize a certain aura of political power, this work seeks corners, the most intimate and silent of spaces, produced both because of and as a necessary embrace of the redacted political. As a reflection on the challenge of writing about North Korea within an overarching "totalitarian" framework that seeks to uncover hidden truths, that ceaselessly searches for hidden meanings in the veil of the black, I propose an approach that leaves me, implicated. In a series of “letters” to North Korea, I use redaction as form, as form-making of a particular kind of sociality that exists between, through, and ultimately because of the very space of redaction.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Darren Byler is an anthropologist in the School for International Studies at Simon Fraser University in Vancouver, British Columbia. He is the author of an ethnography titled Terror Capitalism: Uyghur Dispossession and Masculinity in a Chinese City (Duke University Press 2022) and a book titled In the Camps: China’s High-Tech Penal Colony (Columbia Global Reports 2021). His current research interests are focused on policing, carceral theory, and global China.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This short essay tells the stories of how two of our mutual Uyghur friends have disappeared into the Xinjiang "reeducation" system over the past few years. Taking up a redaction practice that we liken to skillful revelation of skillful concealment—a definition of magic coined by anthropologist Michael Taussig—we produced a narrative about our friendships suffused with state power and the allure of a blank signifier. Thinking about this narrative in relation to a 1985 Uyghur  novella titled “Classmates,” written from the perspective of a young Uyghur man as he is released following ten years of  “reeducation through hard labor,” produced another revelation: in the midst of extreme social violence, daring to think and imagine offers a form of survival and risk. Writing the redacted nonfiction stories of our friends lives while thinking about the fictional novella placed us in dialogue with a state that appears to be simultaneously everywhere and nowhere, devouring all of life. It also allows for a more intimate form of magic, a way for us to remain in relation with our friends and for them to remain, at least partially, the authors of their own stories.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;How are societies from the distant past rendered palatable for modern US classrooms? A few months ago I worked with a fellow educator to create a lesson for high-schoolers about Moche, an ancient Andean society. We were attempting to correct an almost total erasure of Indigenous peoples in his social studies curriculum, but we found ourselves engaged in a very classroom-specific form of redaction. Moche artifacts that graphically depict both sex and violence brought that society into direct juxtaposition with our own and forced us to confront US norms about "appropriateness" in school. This piece is both a recounting of and reflection on that ethically confounding process. It renders transparent an aspect of education that usually happens in the privacy of home offices and teacher workrooms.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Charlene Makley is Professor of Anthropology at Reed College in Portland, Oregon. Her work has explored the history and cultural politics of █████-building, █████-led development and Buddhist revival among Tibetans in China's ███████ ████████ ████ since 1992. Her second book, The Battle for Fortune: █████-Led Development, Personhood and █████ among Tibetans in China, published in 2018 by Cornell University Press and the Weatherhead East Asia Institute at Columbia University, is an ethnography of state-local relations in the historically ███████ region of ███████(██ ███████ ████████) in the wake of China's Great Open the West campaign and during the  ████████  █████████ on ███████ ██████.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In this piece composed of short stories and erasure poems written in dialogue with each other, we reflect on the (im)possibilities of ethnography amidst state-led erasure and threat in China's Tibet before and after 2008, when Tibetans began to openly protest both their political economic marginalization and heightened assimilation pressures in the wake of the "Great Develop the West" campaign (2000-) and the rise of president Xi Jinping's more authoritarian policies (2013-). The ongoing militarization of Tibetan regions and increasing pressures on local officials to "maintain stability" (Ch. weiwen) and promote Chinese-style "civilization" (Ch. wenming), have meant that the threat of socioeconomic ostracization, detention, and torture is now much more present and pervasive for Tibetan citizens. We draw on Makley's twenty-seven years of ethnographic research conducted as a white American anthropologist in Tibetan regions, and on Dondrup Donyol's experiences conducting ethnographic research as a native anthropologist there. We strove for an emergent and dialogic writing process by sharing and responding to each others' narratives. As a way to illustrate sites of erasure imposed by authoritarian rule, we deploy oppositional forms of redaction in unexpected ways (not just names, places and other identifying markers of persons), in order to intervene in locally influential Chinese-language state texts. This process, our history of close collaborations, and our very different positions as ethnographers of Tibet, yielded new insights and avenues for us in rethinking the nature and roles of ethnography under authoritarian erasure.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In this piece composed of short stories and erasure poems written in dialogue with each other, we reflect on the (im)possibilities of ethnography amidst state-led erasure and threat in China's Tibet before and after 2008, when Tibetans began to openly protest both their political economic marginalization and heightened assimilation pressures in the wake of the "Great Develop the West" campaign (2000-) and the rise of president Xi Jinping's more authoritarian policies (2013-). The ongoing militarization of Tibetan regions and increasing pressures on local officials to "maintain stability" (Ch. weiwen) and promote Chinese-style "civilization" (Ch. wenming), have meant that the threat of socioeconomic ostracization, detention, and torture is now much more present and pervasive for Tibetan citizens. We draw on Makley's twenty-seven years of ethnographic research conducted as a white American anthropologist in Tibetan regions, and on Dondrup Donyol's experiences conducting ethnographic research as a native anthropologist there. We strove for an emergent and dialogic writing process by sharing and responding to each others' narratives. As a way to illustrate sites of erasure imposed by authoritarian rule, we deploy oppositional forms of redaction in unexpected ways (not just names, places and other identifying markers of persons), in order to intervene in locally influential Chinese-language state texts. This process, our history of close collaborations, and our very different positions as ethnographers of Tibet, yielded new insights and avenues for us in rethinking the nature and roles of ethnography under authoritarian erasure.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;How can the Armenian genocide be considered in terms of its ecological roots and remnants? Umut Yıldırım explores the nonhuman flora and fauna indigenous to the banks of the Tigris River in Upper Mesopotamia — in particular, centenarian mulberry trees — as resistant roots that register the evidentiary ecologies of the Armenian genocide through the Turkish state’s denialist present and its ongoing war against the Kurds.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;How can the Armenian genocide be considered in terms of its ecological roots and remnants? Umut Yıldırım explores the nonhuman flora and fauna indigenous to the banks of the Tigris River in Upper Mesopotamia — in particular, centenarian mulberry trees — as resistant roots that register the evidentiary ecologies of the Armenian genocide through the Turkish state’s denialist present and its ongoing war against the Kurds.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;David H. Price is a Professor of Anthropology at St. Martin’s University in Lacey, Washington. He wrote a three-volume series for Duke University Press using FOIA documents and archival sources examining American anthropologists’ interactions with intelligence agencies: Threatening Anthropology (2004) examined McCarthyism’s impacts on anthropology; Anthropological Intelligence (2008) documented anthropological contributions to World War II, and his Cold War Anthropology (2016) explored Cold War interactions between anthropologists, the CIA, and Pentagon. His latest book, Cold War Deceptions: The Asia Foundation and the CIA (2024), draws on declassified CIA documents and a massive archival collection to establish how the CIA used the Asia Foundation in the 1950s and ’60s for covert political ends. He is a founding member of the Network of Concerned Anthropologists.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The 2014 election of Narendra Modi and the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) government marked an epochal shift in Indian politics, both signaling the growing strength of the far-right Hindu nationalist movement as it achieved unprecedented state power and suggesting that profound changes to the state and the country were on their way. This chapter draws on our trajectories over the last decade as it attempts to chart links between India’s forest belt and Kashmir between 2009 and 2019. It traces the contours of the Indian state as its edges have sharpened and reflects on our own practices and self-presentations as fieldworkers. The “authoritarian field,” we suggest, is dialogic: state actors, non-state actors, and anthropologists are created and masked in relation to one another and in relation to the ideal, upper-caste Hindu and Hindu nationalist subject of the Indian state. A reflexive anthropology in such circumstances is one that not only considers the ethnographer’s positionality and their potential complicity with colonial or post-colonial states, but also recognizes the many para-ethnographic efforts being made by others, including states and movements, to pin down the ethnographer’s credibility.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The chapter introduces Sebastian who is a Romanian man in his twenties with extensive experience as a transnational thief. Taking a point of departure in a tense meeting between Sebastian and some of his illegal business associates, the chapter starts by describing the meticulous practices of transnational stealing, in the form of stealing from clothes stores in other EU countries. Engaging with the volume’s overall focus on "redaction," the chapter then focuses on Sebastian’s family dynamics and shows how his family manages their knowledge about his illegal activities abroad. I argue that redaction can function as an analytical concept to capture how my informants "redact" by concealing different aspects of their illegal enterprises within their families. Simultaneously, the chapter shows the ways in which I, as the anthropologist, attempt to capture these fieldwork moments, centered around illegal activity. By analyzing my own practice of "redacting" my fieldnotes during fieldwork, I suggest that the concept of redaction can be used to illuminate and critically analyze the practices that we as anthropologists engage in during fieldwork – in the name of safety and anonymity – in order to protect our fields, our informants and ourselves.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The chapter introduces Sebastian who is a Romanian man in his twenties with extensive experience as a transnational thief. Taking a point of departure in a tense meeting between Sebastian and some of his illegal business associates, the chapter starts by describing the meticulous practices of transnational stealing, in the form of stealing from clothes stores in other EU countries. Engaging with the volume’s overall focus on "redaction," the chapter then focuses on Sebastian’s family dynamics and shows how his family manages their knowledge about his illegal activities abroad. I argue that redaction can function as an analytical concept to capture how my informants "redact" by concealing different aspects of their illegal enterprises within their families. Simultaneously, the chapter shows the ways in which I, as the anthropologist, attempt to capture these fieldwork moments, centered around illegal activity. By analyzing my own practice of "redacting" my fieldnotes during fieldwork, I suggest that the concept of redaction can be used to illuminate and critically analyze the practices that we as anthropologists engage in during fieldwork – in the name of safety and anonymity – in order to protect our fields, our informants and ourselves.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Research through Passing in  and </TitleText>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Emily T. Yeh is a professor of geography at the University of Colorado Boulder. She conducts research on development and nature-society relations, mostly in Tibetan parts of the PRC, including the political ecology of pastoralism, conflicts over access to natural resources, vulnerability to and knowledge of climate change, the cultural and ontological politics of nature conservation, and the conjunctural production of environmental subjectivities. Her book Taming Tibet: Landscape Transformation and the Gift of Chinese Development explored the intersection of the political economy and cultural politics of development as a project of state territorialization. She is also editor or co-editor of Mapping Shangrila: Contested Landscapes in the Sino-Tibetan Borderlands, Rural Politics in Contemporary China, and The Geoeconomics and Geopolitics of Chinese Development and Investment in Asia.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;A&lt;italic&gt;_&lt;/italic&gt;_ Marie Ranjbar is a feminist political geographer with the Department of Women &amp;amp; Gender Studies at the University of Colorado Boulder. Since 2012, she has conducted research in Iran that examines the political conditions that make it challenging for Iranian citizens to speak openly about human rights and how activists strategically frame rights narratives as a means of political mobilization, both locally and transnationally. Dr. Ranj­bar’s work is published in Antipode; Annals of American Association of Geographers; ACME: An International Journal for Critical Geographies; Environment and Planning E; Gender, Place &amp;amp; Culture; Hypatia; and Political Geography, and her research has been supported by the American Association of University Women, the National Endowment for the Humanities, the ZEIT-Stiftung Foundation, and the Social Science Research Council.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Through parallel ethnographic vignettes in Tibet and Iran, which converge at a number of points around questions of national origin, research access, surveillance, and the cutting off of ties to family members and close friends, this chapter considers “passing” in the field as a form of self-redaction. We conceptualize this type of self-redaction as a double-edged sword, simultaneously a protective response to state surveillance, which enables movement through selective erasure, and a form of complicity that reinforces authoritarian state power. Through these vignettes, we also reflect on the contradictions between the ways in which self-redaction may be an ethical choice in contexts where interlocutors do not want to be responsible for the knowledge of fieldworkers’ citizenship status, and the liberal presumptions of Institutional Research Boards about ethics.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Through parallel ethnographic vignettes in Tibet and Iran, which converge at a number of points around questions of national origin, research access, surveillance, and the cutting off of ties to family members and close friends, this chapter considers “passing” in the field as a form of self-redaction. We conceptualize this type of self-redaction as a double-edged sword, simultaneously a protective response to state surveillance, which enables movement through selective erasure, and a form of complicity that reinforces authoritarian state power. Through these vignettes, we also reflect on the contradictions between the ways in which self-redaction may be an ethical choice in contexts where interlocutors do not want to be responsible for the knowledge of fieldworkers’ citizenship status, and the liberal presumptions of Institutional Research Boards about ethics.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">From Behind Black Bars</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Productive Redactions and Mass Incarceration in Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, 2017–2022</Subtitle>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Alessandro Rippa is Associate Professor at the Department of Social Anthropology, University of Oslo, and project director at the Rachel Carson Center for Environment and Society, LMU Munich. He is the author of Borderland Infrastructures: Trade, Development, and Control in Western China (Amsterdam University Press, 2020) and a co-editor of the Routledge Handbook of Asian Borderlands (2018).&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Rune Steenberg is an anthropologist working on Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region and the Uyghurs. He has conducted extensive fieldwork in XUAR, Central Asia, China, and Indonesia and published widely on topics ranging from kinship to cross border trade, informality, corruption, narratives, and mass incarceration. He received his PhD from Freie Universität Berlin in 2014 and is currently a researcher at Palacký University Olomouc. Since 2018 he has also been working as an Uyghur interpreter for asylum seekers, activists, journalists, and human rights organizations and has participated in several documentary films on the tragedies in XUAR.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The documentation, management of data, and influencing of public understanding regarding the severe expansion of a system of prisons and camps in China's Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region since 2017, has over the past years become a contested field. While there can be no doubt that the Chinese government is the largest redactor of information on Xinjiang, Western news outlets as well as Uyghur activist organizations also increasingly choose to filter and redact the information that they make public. Evidences of releases and changes in the camp system are being systematically ignored or underreported and increasing pressure is mounting on researchers to mainly deliver “ideologically sound” facts – from circles loyal to Beijing and Washington, respectively. This chapter seeks to comprehensively draw up these diverse vectors of pressure and the practices of redaction they provoke. Employing redaction as a conceptual tool to address both the destructive and constructive elements of editing, cutting, leaving information out, and consciously selecting frames for comparison and contextualization, we attend to both the political and ideological relevance of such acts. We draw our data from years of fieldwork in the region, on interviews with scholars and activists as well as on the reflection of our experience as scholars of China and Xinjiang.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The documentation, management of data, and influencing of public understanding regarding the severe expansion of a system of prisons and camps in China's Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region since 2017, has over the past years become a contested field. While there can be no doubt that the Chinese government is the largest redactor of information on Xinjiang, Western news outlets as well as Uyghur activist organizations also increasingly choose to filter and redact the information that they make public. Evidences of releases and changes in the camp system are being systematically ignored or underreported and increasing pressure is mounting on researchers to mainly deliver “ideologically sound” facts – from circles loyal to Beijing and Washington, respectively. This chapter seeks to comprehensively draw up these diverse vectors of pressure and the practices of redaction they provoke. Employing redaction as a conceptual tool to address both the destructive and constructive elements of editing, cutting, leaving information out, and consciously selecting frames for comparison and contextualization, we attend to both the political and ideological relevance of such acts. We draw our data from years of fieldwork in the region, on interviews with scholars and activists as well as on the reflection of our experience as scholars of China and Xinjiang.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Things Not Revealed</TitleText>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Carole McGranahan is an anthropologist and historian who teaches at the University of Colorado. Her research involves ethnographic and historical research on the CIA, Tibet, and the Cold War, as well as questions of citizenship and political asylum in the Tibetan diaspora. Her publications include Arrested Histories: Tibet, the CIA, and Memories of a Forgotten War (2010), Imperial Formations (2007, with Ann Stoler and Peter Perdue), Ethnographies of US Empire (2018, with John Collins), and Writing Anthropology: Essays on Craft and Commitment (2020).&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;There are things we don’t know. There are things we choose not to learn. And there are things we hide. Redaction, however, is not necessarily performed by an individual subject (or agent as this particular case may be). In the case of the CIA, redaction is institutional. It is in the name of the state and is in service to the state. What is redacted is not always what matters to the stories we need to tell. It might matter to other stories and to other times. It might matter elsewhere or otherwise. It might not matter at all.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In this chapter, I consider the cultural and political status of things not revealed in relation to Tibet and the CIA, specifically the CIA’s training of several hundred Tibetan soldiers at a secret camp in Colorado. Based on 25 years of ethnographic research with Tibetan resistance veterans and their families, and with retired CIA officers and their families, I consider what is deemed important or relevant and by who. While redacted documents play a role in the story I have to tell, I am also interested in other forms of redaction as a politics of knowing and world-making. Ethnographically, the story moves between the USA and Tibet, between the Rocky Mountains and the Himalaya, traversing the way people are known by others through names, through relationships, through both shared and secret pains in search of what it means to not know something.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;There are things we don’t know. There are things we choose not to learn. And there are things we hide. Redaction, however, is not necessarily performed by an individual subject (or agent as this particular case may be). In the case of the CIA, redaction is institutional. It is in the name of the state and is in service to the state. What is redacted is not always what matters to the stories we need to tell. It might matter to other stories and to other times. It might matter elsewhere or otherwise. It might not matter at all.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In this chapter, I consider the cultural and political status of things not revealed in relation to Tibet and the CIA, specifically the CIA’s training of several hundred Tibetan soldiers at a secret camp in Colorado. Based on 25 years of ethnographic research with Tibetan resistance veterans and their families, and with retired CIA officers and their families, I consider what is deemed important or relevant and by who. While redacted documents play a role in the story I have to tell, I am also interested in other forms of redaction as a politics of knowing and world-making. Ethnographically, the story moves between the USA and Tibet, between the Rocky Mountains and the Himalaya, traversing the way people are known by others through names, through relationships, through both shared and secret pains in search of what it means to not know something.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In the form of a photo essay, this text grapples with some central questions facing ███ anthropologists doing research in countries where their personal identities are, at best culturally unpalatable, at worst illegal. In this personal account, experiences in two countries (Russia and China) are contrasted. In the latter, elusiveness in responses to personal questions from interlocutors can help carve out spaces of ambiguity. In the former, by contrast, anti-███ legislation (the federal law “for the Purpose of Protecting Children from Information Advocating for a Denial of Traditional Family Values”) requires explicit forms of denial and excision of one’s family at home. These different authoritarian contexts and positioning of ███ identities lead to different forms of redaction, as reflected in the blurry vs. blacked out photographs—with the ultimate realization that the practice of redaction in itself indexes silences readily decoded by interlocutors as forms of coming out.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In the form of a photo essay, this text grapples with some central questions facing ███ anthropologists doing research in countries where their personal identities are, at best culturally unpalatable, at worst illegal. In this personal account, experiences in two countries (Russia and China) are contrasted. In the latter, elusiveness in responses to personal questions from interlocutors can help carve out spaces of ambiguity. In the former, by contrast, anti-███ legislation (the federal law “for the Purpose of Protecting Children from Information Advocating for a Denial of Traditional Family Values”) requires explicit forms of denial and excision of one’s family at home. These different authoritarian contexts and positioning of ███ identities lead to different forms of redaction, as reflected in the blurry vs. blacked out photographs—with the ultimate realization that the practice of redaction in itself indexes silences readily decoded by interlocutors as forms of coming out.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Jay Schaffner, the son of Ukrainian Jewish immigrants, was born in 1952 and grew up in Skokie, a Chicago suburb. As a teenager he participated in civil-rights marches and anti-Vietnam War actions, becoming a leader of the area’s high school antiwar and young voters’ movements and later the Chicago Peace Council. He was in Students for a Democratic Society and the socialist, multiracial W. E. B Du Bois Clubs and then, at sixteen, joined the Communist Party, running as a Communist for University of Illinois trustee when he was twenty-two. In 1970, Schaffner helped found the Young Workers Liberation League, and in 1974 he became a national officer. After moving to New York in 1975, he was elected to the CPUSA national committee, first in 1979 and then at every convention until 1991, when he left the Party. In 1990 he became a secretary for Local 802 of the American Federation of Musicians, later supervising its recording department. He negotiated electronic media agreements and was twice voted to the executive board. A founding moderator of Portside, he continues collaborating with the progressive news website. In retirement, he cochairs a tenant committee in his housing cooperative. He belongs to the New York State Committee of the Working Families Party. Married, he has two children and four grandchildren.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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        <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Paul Friedman was born on February 20, 1947, in New York City. His family moved from the Bronx to Flushing, Queens, in 1955. Paul attended Bronx High School of Science and New York University, where he received his bachelor of science degree. He met his future wife, Jean, at the university, and they married in November, 1970. He served as a national coordinator of the Student Mobilization to End the War in Vietnam and youth director of the New York State district of the Communist Party while on hiatus from college. From 1970 to 1973, Paul worked as a research technician in the pediatric cardiology department at the Columbia College of Physicians and Surgeons at the Presbyterian Medical Center. He joined the staff of Local 1199 in 1973 as an organizer and eventually worked as assistant director of organizing for 1199’s National Union of Hospitals and Health Care Employees. Prior to his retirement in 2019 Paul served in various leadership positions at 1199 Service Employees International Union; Local 100 Hotel Employees and Restaurant Employees Union; Committee of Interns and Residents; and New York State Nurses Association. Paul participated in or led campaigns throughout the United States that brought over twenty thousand new members into these unions.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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        <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Cindy Hawes was born in Pasadena, California, on May 31, 1949. She grew up in the Altadena-Pasadena area before going off to study at the University of California, Santa Barbara. Cindy spent her junior year abroad in Madrid, Spain, and it was during that year that she traveled with other US students to the Soviet Union. That trip, as well as other travels, sparked an interest in socialism. After graduating, she continued her studies in Mexico, and when she returned to the United States she started a career in journalism and joined the Young Workers Liberation League and eventually the Communist Party USA. Cindy moved to New York in 1977 to be a staff member at the Daily World and in 1981 became the paper’s correspondent in Mexico City and in 1988 in Los Angeles. Four years later, she returned to Mexico City, where she worked with both the national and international press there until her retirement. She currently devotes her time to translation and her own writing.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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        <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Geoffrey Jacques is a poet, writer, and editor who has taught at colleges and universities in New York City and Southern California. He was born in Detroit, Michigan, in 1953. His books include the poetry collections The Orchestra of Wind Chimes (2023) and Just for a Thrill (2004), both from Wayne State University Press, and the literary-critical study A Change in the Weather: Modernist Imagination, African American Imaginary (University of Massachusetts Press, 2009). His poem ”Trump” appeared in 2019 in the journal Black Renaissance/Renaissance Noire. His essay “A New Civil Rights Movement, a New Journal,” an introduction to the online archive of the complete run of Freedomways magazine, appears on the open-access Reveal Digital–Independent Voices portal at JSTOR. Jacques was the Detroit Daily World correspondent from 1978 to 1983, and a New York City–based Daily World staffer from 1983 to 1985. He served as a business representative and organizer for Local 802 of the American Federation of Musicians, and from 1990 to 1996 he was assistant editor, then associate editor, of 1199 News, the monthly magazine of 1199 SEIU, the New York City-based health and hospital workers union. He has taught classes in English, African American Studies, American Studies, and Humanities at the City University of New York, the University of California, Santa Barbara, California Institute of the Arts, and elsewhere. Since 2014, he has been a moderator for Portside. He and his wife live in Ventura, California, and Detroit, Michigan.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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        <PersonName>Timothy Johnson</PersonName>
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        <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Timothy Johnson worked as a reporter for People's World (1985), and People's Daily World (1985–1990). He joined the Communist Party in Chicago in 1983 and lived in Chicago, Los Angeles, and New York City. He also served on the Party's African American Equality Commission from 1987 to 1991.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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        <PersonName>Carol Pittman</PersonName>
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        <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Carol Pittman was born in New York to communist parents who were also lifelong journalists, her father an African American who left Georgia during the great migration, her mother a German Jew who left Germany in 1938. Both wrote for and edited People’s World, Daily World, and People’s Daily World. She grew up in San Francisco, where she was active as a teen in both the civil-rights and anti-Vietnam War movements. She joined the Bay Area youth club of the Communist Party USA at seventeen and was briefly a member of the Black Panther Party. She studied ethnography at Karl Marx University in Leipzig, Germany, where she also played guitar in a Chilean conjunto band. She is multilingual, speaking English, German, Spanish, and Russian. Upon returning to the United States and New York City, Carol joined the Young Workers Liberation League and was active in the Chile Solidarity Movement. She interpreted for Gladys Marin, then head of the Chilean Communist Youth, Laura Allende (sister of murdered president Salvador Allende), and Fanny Edelman, head of the Women’s International Democratic Federation. She was an editor at International Publishers. While Youth Council coordinator of the National Coalition for Economic Justice, she helped organize the National Youth March for Jobs in the mid-1970s, then the largest national youth mobilization for jobs. During this time, she led her building’s tenants association. Carol became education director for the New York Party, joined the state committee, and was a leader of the fight for change. She left the Party in 1991. Her work as community-outreach coordinator for a local hospital’s pediatric resource center led to becoming an organizer for Local 1199, Registered Nurse Division. Her activity expanded to director of NY Jobs with Justice, in collaboration with the Workers’ Rights Board. She was a moderator of Portside from 2003 to 2014. A position as community-affairs coordinator for the New York State Nurses Association led to subsequently becoming associate director for political and community organizing, coordinating NYSNA’s labor-community response to hospital closings. Carol is retired, a grandmother and a Brooklyn Community Gardener (BUG) at the Brooklyn Botanic Garden.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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        <PersonName>Donna Ristorucci</PersonName>
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        <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Donna Ristorucci was born in 1947 in Jamaica, New York. She knew she was a socialist at the age of eleven. The oldest of three children, she asked her father on a ride home from her grandparents, “Why can’t everyone just have everything they need?” He replied, “That’s socialism.” Her parents were leftists, but McCarthyism put the kibosh on any activism. In high school, Ristorucci worked in peace and civil-rights activities, especially the 1964 boycott for school integration. She joined the W.E.B. Du Bois Club in 1965 and the Communist Party in 1966, following its first open convention since McCarthyism. At City College she became immersed in anti-Vietnam War and open-admissions struggles on campus. She left school to work full-time for the Du Bois Clubs. She helped organize the US delegation to the 1968 World Youth Festival in Bulgaria. A founder of the Young Workers Liberation League, Ristorucci was New York education director. She participated in the Party’s national council and New York State leadership (until moving to Jersey City in 1979). In 1971, Ristorucci became the Daily World’s youth editor, serving on the editorial board. She eventually edited World Magazine, the paper’s weekly supplement. During her years at the paper, she gave birth to three sons. She left the paper and the CPUSA in 1987. After working at a labor-law office, Ristorucci was hired by Teamsters Local 237, a public-employee union, as associate editor of its newspaper. Returning to school at night, she earned a BA in labor studies in 1991. In 1995 she became founding editor of 237’s retiree newspaper and assistant director of the Retiree Division. She retired in 2012—still a Communist, still anti-imperialist, still going to demonstrations (although not quite as many).&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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        <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Born in Brooklyn, New York in 1953, Daniel Rosenberg came to the communist movement in 1970. His parents were Communist Party members and community leaders in civil-rights, peace, labor, and other movements. Fearing that the McCarthyite red scare of the 1950s would impose a Nazi-type regime in the United States, the Party urged his parents to go “underground”—with him in tow—to escape persecution. They moved through various cities until returning to Brooklyn. Rosenberg soon stumbled into public school. Each day lasted a century. He read Lenin and Marx in the summer of 1969, entering eleventh grade with both conviction and verbiage. From the last row in class, he held forth, in contrast with his general silence during the previous decade. He soon joined the Young Workers Liberation League, the Party’s new youth organization. He would hold League leadership positions and later local posts in the Communist Party. He served on the Party’s history and international commissions (the latter owing to his representing the League in the anti-imperialist World Federation of Democratic Youth). He has a doctorate in history from the City University of New York. He taught at Adelphi University for thirty-five years. He has written several pieces about Party history.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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        <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Jackie Saindon worked for most of her life as an adult educator, teaching adults to read, as well as teaching English to second-language learners. She has also been a community activist, serving on the school board, the library board, and various other community organizations. For many years, until her retirement in 2018, she was a part-time assistant professor in the Language and Literacy Department of the University of Georgia. She was born into a Communist Party family and grew up as a “red-diaper baby.” Her father was sent to New York in 1952 to join other Party members sent to work in industrial settings. During that period, she read Marxist literature that had been hidden in her family’s basement. She was an active member of the W.E.B. Du Bois Club and later of the industrial section of the Party, working with grassroots members of the International Garment Workers Union and District 65 United Auto Workers, organizing office workers to join the union already established by warehouse workers. She currently lives in Athens, Georgia, where she is co-coordinator of an adult literacy program and works with community groups and the school district to revitalize their adult and family literacy programs.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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        <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Geoffrey Jacques is a poet, writer, and editor who has taught at colleges and universities in New York City and Southern California. He was born in Detroit, Michigan, in 1953. His books include the poetry collections The Orchestra of Wind Chimes (2023) and Just for a Thrill (2004), both from Wayne State University Press, and the literary-critical study A Change in the Weather: Modernist Imagination, African American Imaginary (University of Massachusetts Press, 2009). His poem ”Trump” appeared in 2019 in the journal Black Renaissance/Renaissance Noire. His essay “A New Civil Rights Movement, a New Journal,” an introduction to the online archive of the complete run of Freedomways magazine, appears on the open-access Reveal Digital–Independent Voices portal at JSTOR. Jacques was the Detroit Daily World correspondent from 1978 to 1983, and a New York City–based Daily World staffer from 1983 to 1985. He served as a business representative and organizer for Local 802 of the American Federation of Musicians, and from 1990 to 1996 he was assistant editor, then associate editor, of 1199 News, the monthly magazine of 1199 SEIU, the New York City-based health and hospital workers union. He has taught classes in English, African American Studies, American Studies, and Humanities at the City University of New York, the University of California, Santa Barbara, California Institute of the Arts, and elsewhere. Since 2014, he has been a moderator for Portside. He and his wife live in Ventura, California, and Detroit, Michigan.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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        <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Timothy Johnson worked as a reporter for People's World (1985), and People's Daily World (1985–1990). He joined the Communist Party in Chicago in 1983 and lived in Chicago, Los Angeles, and New York City. He also served on the Party's African American Equality Commission from 1987 to 1991.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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        <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Carol Pittman was born in New York to communist parents who were also lifelong journalists, her father an African American who left Georgia during the great migration, her mother a German Jew who left Germany in 1938. Both wrote for and edited People’s World, Daily World, and People’s Daily World. She grew up in San Francisco, where she was active as a teen in both the civil-rights and anti-Vietnam War movements. She joined the Bay Area youth club of the Communist Party USA at seventeen and was briefly a member of the Black Panther Party. She studied ethnography at Karl Marx University in Leipzig, Germany, where she also played guitar in a Chilean conjunto band. She is multilingual, speaking English, German, Spanish, and Russian. Upon returning to the United States and New York City, Carol joined the Young Workers Liberation League and was active in the Chile Solidarity Movement. She interpreted for Gladys Marin, then head of the Chilean Communist Youth, Laura Allende (sister of murdered president Salvador Allende), and Fanny Edelman, head of the Women’s International Democratic Federation. She was an editor at International Publishers. While Youth Council coordinator of the National Coalition for Economic Justice, she helped organize the National Youth March for Jobs in the mid-1970s, then the largest national youth mobilization for jobs. During this time, she led her building’s tenants association. Carol became education director for the New York Party, joined the state committee, and was a leader of the fight for change. She left the Party in 1991. Her work as community-outreach coordinator for a local hospital’s pediatric resource center led to becoming an organizer for Local 1199, Registered Nurse Division. Her activity expanded to director of NY Jobs with Justice, in collaboration with the Workers’ Rights Board. She was a moderator of Portside from 2003 to 2014. A position as community-affairs coordinator for the New York State Nurses Association led to subsequently becoming associate director for political and community organizing, coordinating NYSNA’s labor-community response to hospital closings. Carol is retired, a grandmother and a Brooklyn Community Gardener (BUG) at the Brooklyn Botanic Garden.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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        <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Donna Ristorucci was born in 1947 in Jamaica, New York. She knew she was a socialist at the age of eleven. The oldest of three children, she asked her father on a ride home from her grandparents, “Why can’t everyone just have everything they need?” He replied, “That’s socialism.” Her parents were leftists, but McCarthyism put the kibosh on any activism. In high school, Ristorucci worked in peace and civil-rights activities, especially the 1964 boycott for school integration. She joined the W.E.B. Du Bois Club in 1965 and the Communist Party in 1966, following its first open convention since McCarthyism. At City College she became immersed in anti-Vietnam War and open-admissions struggles on campus. She left school to work full-time for the Du Bois Clubs. She helped organize the US delegation to the 1968 World Youth Festival in Bulgaria. A founder of the Young Workers Liberation League, Ristorucci was New York education director. She participated in the Party’s national council and New York State leadership (until moving to Jersey City in 1979). In 1971, Ristorucci became the Daily World’s youth editor, serving on the editorial board. She eventually edited World Magazine, the paper’s weekly supplement. During her years at the paper, she gave birth to three sons. She left the paper and the CPUSA in 1987. After working at a labor-law office, Ristorucci was hired by Teamsters Local 237, a public-employee union, as associate editor of its newspaper. Returning to school at night, she earned a BA in labor studies in 1991. In 1995 she became founding editor of 237’s retiree newspaper and assistant director of the Retiree Division. She retired in 2012—still a Communist, still anti-imperialist, still going to demonstrations (although not quite as many).&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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        <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Born in Brooklyn, New York in 1953, Daniel Rosenberg came to the communist movement in 1970. His parents were Communist Party members and community leaders in civil-rights, peace, labor, and other movements. Fearing that the McCarthyite red scare of the 1950s would impose a Nazi-type regime in the United States, the Party urged his parents to go “underground”—with him in tow—to escape persecution. They moved through various cities until returning to Brooklyn. Rosenberg soon stumbled into public school. Each day lasted a century. He read Lenin and Marx in the summer of 1969, entering eleventh grade with both conviction and verbiage. From the last row in class, he held forth, in contrast with his general silence during the previous decade. He soon joined the Young Workers Liberation League, the Party’s new youth organization. He would hold League leadership positions and later local posts in the Communist Party. He served on the Party’s history and international commissions (the latter owing to his representing the League in the anti-imperialist World Federation of Democratic Youth). He has a doctorate in history from the City University of New York. He taught at Adelphi University for thirty-five years. He has written several pieces about Party history.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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        <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Jackie Saindon worked for most of her life as an adult educator, teaching adults to read, as well as teaching English to second-language learners. She has also been a community activist, serving on the school board, the library board, and various other community organizations. For many years, until her retirement in 2018, she was a part-time assistant professor in the Language and Literacy Department of the University of Georgia. She was born into a Communist Party family and grew up as a “red-diaper baby.” Her father was sent to New York in 1952 to join other Party members sent to work in industrial settings. During that period, she read Marxist literature that had been hidden in her family’s basement. She was an active member of the W.E.B. Du Bois Club and later of the industrial section of the Party, working with grassroots members of the International Garment Workers Union and District 65 United Auto Workers, organizing office workers to join the union already established by warehouse workers. She currently lives in Athens, Georgia, where she is co-coordinator of an adult literacy program and works with community groups and the school district to revitalize their adult and family literacy programs.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Red Lives: Our Years in the US Communist Party (1950–2000) is the first collection of historical analyses and reminiscences by members of the Communist Party USA (CPUSA) and the Communist youth movement in the US from the 1950s through the 1990s. The nearly fifty first-person testimonies bring to life a missing chapter in the history of US radicalism and demonstrate the influence of the post–World War II generation of Communists on social justice movements.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Most histories of US Communism end in 1956 when Red Lives just begins, when McCarthyism was on its final legs, the Civil Rights Movement was sweeping the American South and the whole country, the student movement was taking its first breaths, and a new generation of young people were seeking out socialists, communists, and the Communist Party in order to craft a radical, anti-establishment politics. At a time when the launching of Sputnik, the Cuban Revolution, other revolutions sweeping Africa, and the example of the Vietnamese people fighting for their freedom and independence were inspiring the world, one-third of the world was also socialist, led by the Soviet Union and China. The time was propitious for a new generation in the US to also be seeking out, and joining, the CPUSA. This first volume of Red Lives, Coming of Age in the Communist and Labor Movements, brings the stories of that generation to the forefront of American history at a time when narratives of resistance are more needed than ever before.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Red Lives: Our Years in the US Communist Party (1950–2000) is the first collection of historical analyses and reminiscences by members of the Communist Party USA (CPUSA) and the Communist youth movement in the US from the 1950s through the 1990s. The nearly fifty first-person testimonies bring to life a missing chapter in the history of US radicalism and demonstrate the influence of the post–World War II generation of Communists on social justice movements.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Most histories of US Communism end in 1956 when Red Lives just begins, when McCarthyism was on its final legs, the Civil Rights Movement was sweeping the American South and the whole country, the student movement was taking its first breaths, and a new generation of young people were seeking out socialists, communists, and the Communist Party in order to craft a radical, anti-establishment politics. At a time when the launching of Sputnik, the Cuban Revolution, other revolutions sweeping Africa, and the example of the Vietnamese people fighting for their freedom and independence were inspiring the world, one-third of the world was also socialist, led by the Soviet Union and China. The time was propitious for a new generation in the US to also be seeking out, and joining, the CPUSA. This first volume of Red Lives, Coming of Age in the Communist and Labor Movements, brings the stories of that generation to the forefront of American history at a time when narratives of resistance are more needed than ever before.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Jay Schaffner, the son of Ukrainian Jewish immigrants, was born in 1952 and grew up in Skokie, a Chicago suburb. As a teenager he participated in civil-rights marches and anti-Vietnam War actions, becoming a leader of the area’s high school antiwar and young voters’ movements and later the Chicago Peace Council. He was in Students for a Democratic Society and the socialist, multiracial W. E. B Du Bois Clubs and then, at sixteen, joined the Communist Party, running as a Communist for University of Illinois trustee when he was twenty-two. In 1970, Schaffner helped found the Young Workers Liberation League, and in 1974 he became a national officer. After moving to New York in 1975, he was elected to the CPUSA national committee, first in 1979 and then at every convention until 1991, when he left the Party. In 1990 he became a secretary for Local 802 of the American Federation of Musicians, later supervising its recording department. He negotiated electronic media agreements and was twice voted to the executive board. A founding moderator of Portside, he continues collaborating with the progressive news website. In retirement, he cochairs a tenant committee in his housing cooperative. He belongs to the New York State Committee of the Working Families Party. Married, he has two children and four grandchildren.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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        <PersonName>Paul Friedman</PersonName>
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        <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Paul Friedman was born on February 20, 1947, in New York City. His family moved from the Bronx to Flushing, Queens, in 1955. Paul attended Bronx High School of Science and New York University, where he received his bachelor of science degree. He met his future wife, Jean, at the university, and they married in November, 1970. He served as a national coordinator of the Student Mobilization to End the War in Vietnam and youth director of the New York State district of the Communist Party while on hiatus from college. From 1970 to 1973, Paul worked as a research technician in the pediatric cardiology department at the Columbia College of Physicians and Surgeons at the Presbyterian Medical Center. He joined the staff of Local 1199 in 1973 as an organizer and eventually worked as assistant director of organizing for 1199’s National Union of Hospitals and Health Care Employees. Prior to his retirement in 2019 Paul served in various leadership positions at 1199 Service Employees International Union; Local 100 Hotel Employees and Restaurant Employees Union; Committee of Interns and Residents; and New York State Nurses Association. Paul participated in or led campaigns throughout the United States that brought over twenty thousand new members into these unions.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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        <PersonName>Cindy Hawes</PersonName>
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        <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Cindy Hawes was born in Pasadena, California, on May 31, 1949. She grew up in the Altadena-Pasadena area before going off to study at the University of California, Santa Barbara. Cindy spent her junior year abroad in Madrid, Spain, and it was during that year that she traveled with other US students to the Soviet Union. That trip, as well as other travels, sparked an interest in socialism. After graduating, she continued her studies in Mexico, and when she returned to the United States she started a career in journalism and joined the Young Workers Liberation League and eventually the Communist Party USA. Cindy moved to New York in 1977 to be a staff member at the Daily World and in 1981 became the paper’s correspondent in Mexico City and in 1988 in Los Angeles. Four years later, she returned to Mexico City, where she worked with both the national and international press there until her retirement. She currently devotes her time to translation and her own writing.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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        <PersonName>Geoffrey Jacques</PersonName>
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        <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Geoffrey Jacques is a poet, writer, and editor who has taught at colleges and universities in New York City and Southern California. He was born in Detroit, Michigan, in 1953. His books include the poetry collections The Orchestra of Wind Chimes (2023) and Just for a Thrill (2004), both from Wayne State University Press, and the literary-critical study A Change in the Weather: Modernist Imagination, African American Imaginary (University of Massachusetts Press, 2009). His poem ”Trump” appeared in 2019 in the journal Black Renaissance/Renaissance Noire. His essay “A New Civil Rights Movement, a New Journal,” an introduction to the online archive of the complete run of Freedomways magazine, appears on the open-access Reveal Digital–Independent Voices portal at JSTOR. Jacques was the Detroit Daily World correspondent from 1978 to 1983, and a New York City–based Daily World staffer from 1983 to 1985. He served as a business representative and organizer for Local 802 of the American Federation of Musicians, and from 1990 to 1996 he was assistant editor, then associate editor, of 1199 News, the monthly magazine of 1199 SEIU, the New York City-based health and hospital workers union. He has taught classes in English, African American Studies, American Studies, and Humanities at the City University of New York, the University of California, Santa Barbara, California Institute of the Arts, and elsewhere. Since 2014, he has been a moderator for Portside. He and his wife live in Ventura, California, and Detroit, Michigan.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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        <PersonName>Timothy Johnson</PersonName>
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        <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Timothy Johnson worked as a reporter for People's World (1985), and People's Daily World (1985–1990). He joined the Communist Party in Chicago in 1983 and lived in Chicago, Los Angeles, and New York City. He also served on the Party's African American Equality Commission from 1987 to 1991.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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        <PersonName>Carol Pittman</PersonName>
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        <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Carol Pittman was born in New York to communist parents who were also lifelong journalists, her father an African American who left Georgia during the great migration, her mother a German Jew who left Germany in 1938. Both wrote for and edited People’s World, Daily World, and People’s Daily World. She grew up in San Francisco, where she was active as a teen in both the civil-rights and anti-Vietnam War movements. She joined the Bay Area youth club of the Communist Party USA at seventeen and was briefly a member of the Black Panther Party. She studied ethnography at Karl Marx University in Leipzig, Germany, where she also played guitar in a Chilean conjunto band. She is multilingual, speaking English, German, Spanish, and Russian. Upon returning to the United States and New York City, Carol joined the Young Workers Liberation League and was active in the Chile Solidarity Movement. She interpreted for Gladys Marin, then head of the Chilean Communist Youth, Laura Allende (sister of murdered president Salvador Allende), and Fanny Edelman, head of the Women’s International Democratic Federation. She was an editor at International Publishers. While Youth Council coordinator of the National Coalition for Economic Justice, she helped organize the National Youth March for Jobs in the mid-1970s, then the largest national youth mobilization for jobs. During this time, she led her building’s tenants association. Carol became education director for the New York Party, joined the state committee, and was a leader of the fight for change. She left the Party in 1991. Her work as community-outreach coordinator for a local hospital’s pediatric resource center led to becoming an organizer for Local 1199, Registered Nurse Division. Her activity expanded to director of NY Jobs with Justice, in collaboration with the Workers’ Rights Board. She was a moderator of Portside from 2003 to 2014. A position as community-affairs coordinator for the New York State Nurses Association led to subsequently becoming associate director for political and community organizing, coordinating NYSNA’s labor-community response to hospital closings. Carol is retired, a grandmother and a Brooklyn Community Gardener (BUG) at the Brooklyn Botanic Garden.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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        <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Donna Ristorucci was born in 1947 in Jamaica, New York. She knew she was a socialist at the age of eleven. The oldest of three children, she asked her father on a ride home from her grandparents, “Why can’t everyone just have everything they need?” He replied, “That’s socialism.” Her parents were leftists, but McCarthyism put the kibosh on any activism. In high school, Ristorucci worked in peace and civil-rights activities, especially the 1964 boycott for school integration. She joined the W.E.B. Du Bois Club in 1965 and the Communist Party in 1966, following its first open convention since McCarthyism. At City College she became immersed in anti-Vietnam War and open-admissions struggles on campus. She left school to work full-time for the Du Bois Clubs. She helped organize the US delegation to the 1968 World Youth Festival in Bulgaria. A founder of the Young Workers Liberation League, Ristorucci was New York education director. She participated in the Party’s national council and New York State leadership (until moving to Jersey City in 1979). In 1971, Ristorucci became the Daily World’s youth editor, serving on the editorial board. She eventually edited World Magazine, the paper’s weekly supplement. During her years at the paper, she gave birth to three sons. She left the paper and the CPUSA in 1987. After working at a labor-law office, Ristorucci was hired by Teamsters Local 237, a public-employee union, as associate editor of its newspaper. Returning to school at night, she earned a BA in labor studies in 1991. In 1995 she became founding editor of 237’s retiree newspaper and assistant director of the Retiree Division. She retired in 2012—still a Communist, still anti-imperialist, still going to demonstrations (although not quite as many).&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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        <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Born in Brooklyn, New York in 1953, Daniel Rosenberg came to the communist movement in 1970. His parents were Communist Party members and community leaders in civil-rights, peace, labor, and other movements. Fearing that the McCarthyite red scare of the 1950s would impose a Nazi-type regime in the United States, the Party urged his parents to go “underground”—with him in tow—to escape persecution. They moved through various cities until returning to Brooklyn. Rosenberg soon stumbled into public school. Each day lasted a century. He read Lenin and Marx in the summer of 1969, entering eleventh grade with both conviction and verbiage. From the last row in class, he held forth, in contrast with his general silence during the previous decade. He soon joined the Young Workers Liberation League, the Party’s new youth organization. He would hold League leadership positions and later local posts in the Communist Party. He served on the Party’s history and international commissions (the latter owing to his representing the League in the anti-imperialist World Federation of Democratic Youth). He has a doctorate in history from the City University of New York. He taught at Adelphi University for thirty-five years. He has written several pieces about Party history.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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        <PersonName>Jackie Saindon</PersonName>
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        <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Jackie Saindon worked for most of her life as an adult educator, teaching adults to read, as well as teaching English to second-language learners. She has also been a community activist, serving on the school board, the library board, and various other community organizations. For many years, until her retirement in 2018, she was a part-time assistant professor in the Language and Literacy Department of the University of Georgia. She was born into a Communist Party family and grew up as a “red-diaper baby.” Her father was sent to New York in 1952 to join other Party members sent to work in industrial settings. During that period, she read Marxist literature that had been hidden in her family’s basement. She was an active member of the W.E.B. Du Bois Club and later of the industrial section of the Party, working with grassroots members of the International Garment Workers Union and District 65 United Auto Workers, organizing office workers to join the union already established by warehouse workers. She currently lives in Athens, Georgia, where she is co-coordinator of an adult literacy program and works with community groups and the school district to revitalize their adult and family literacy programs.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Red Lives: Our Years in the US Communist Party (1950–2000) is the first collection of historical analyses and reminiscences by members of the Communist Party USA (CPUSA) and the Communist youth movement in the US from the 1950s through the 1990s. The nearly fifty first-person testimonies bring to life a missing chapter in the history of US radicalism and demonstrate the influence of the post–World War II generation of Communists on social justice movements.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Most histories of US Communism end in 1956 when Red Lives just begins, when McCarthyism was on its final legs, the Civil Rights Movement was sweeping the American South and the whole country, the student movement was taking its first breaths, and a new generation of young people were seeking out socialists, communists, and the Communist Party in order to craft a radical, anti-establishment politics. At a time when the launching of Sputnik, the Cuban Revolution, other revolutions sweeping Africa, and the example of the Vietnamese people fighting for their freedom and independence were inspiring the world, one-third of the world was also socialist, led by the Soviet Union and China. The time was propitious for a new generation in the US to also be seeking out, and joining, the CPUSA. This first volume of Red Lives, Coming of Age in the Communist and Labor Movements, brings the stories of that generation to the forefront of American history at a time when narratives of resistance are more needed than ever before.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Red Lives: Our Years in the US Communist Party (1950–2000) is the first collection of historical analyses and reminiscences by members of the Communist Party USA (CPUSA) and the Communist youth movement in the US from the 1950s through the 1990s. The nearly fifty first-person testimonies bring to life a missing chapter in the history of US radicalism and demonstrate the influence of the post–World War II generation of Communists on social justice movements.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Most histories of US Communism end in 1956 when Red Lives just begins, when McCarthyism was on its final legs, the Civil Rights Movement was sweeping the American South and the whole country, the student movement was taking its first breaths, and a new generation of young people were seeking out socialists, communists, and the Communist Party in order to craft a radical, anti-establishment politics. At a time when the launching of Sputnik, the Cuban Revolution, other revolutions sweeping Africa, and the example of the Vietnamese people fighting for their freedom and independence were inspiring the world, one-third of the world was also socialist, led by the Soviet Union and China. The time was propitious for a new generation in the US to also be seeking out, and joining, the CPUSA. This first volume of Red Lives, Coming of Age in the Communist and Labor Movements, brings the stories of that generation to the forefront of American history at a time when narratives of resistance are more needed than ever before.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Reiner Schürmann’s thinking is, as he himself would say, “riveted to a monstrous site.” It remains focused on and situated between natality and mortality, the ultimate traits that condition human life. This book traces the contours of Schürmann’s thinking in his magnum opus Broken Hegemonies in order to uncover the possibility of a politics that resists the hegemonic tendency to posit principles that set the world and our relationships with one another into violent order.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The book follows in the footsteps of Oedipus who, in abject recognition of his finitude, stumbles upon the possibility of another politics with the help of his daughters at Colonus. The path toward this other, collaboratively created and thus poetic politics begins with an encounter with Aristotle, a thinker whom Schürmann most frequently read as the founder of hegemonic metaphysics, but whose thinking reveals itself as alive to beginnings in ways that open new possibility for human community.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This return to beginnings leads, in turn, to Plotinus, who Schürmann reads as marking the destitution of the ancient hegemony of the Parmenidean principle of the One. By bringing Schürmann’s innovative and compelling reading of René Char’s poem, The Shark and the Gull, into dialogue with Plotinus we come to encounter the power of symbols to transform reality and open us to new constellations of possible community. In Plotinus, where we expected to encounter an end, we experience a new way of thinking natality in terms of what comes to language in Char as the nuptial. Having thus been awakened to the power of symbols, we are prepared to experience how in Kant being itself comes to expression as plurivocal in a way that reveals just how pathologically delusional it is to attempt to deploy univocal principles in a plurivocal world. This opens us to what Schürmann calls the “singularization to come,” a formulation that gestures to a mode of comportment at home in the ravaged site between natality and mortality. This then returns us to Oedipus at Colonus; but not to him alone. Rather, it points to the relationship that emerges for a time between Antigone, Ismene, and Oedipus, as they navigate a way between their exile from Thebes and Oedipus’s final resting place near Athens. Here, having been awakened to the power of a poetic politics, we attend to three symbolic moments of touching between Oedipus and his daughters through which we might discern something of the new possibilities a poetic politics opens for us if we settle into the ravaged site that conditions our existence, together.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Reiner Schürmann’s thinking is, as he himself would say, “riveted to a monstrous site.” It remains focused on and situated between natality and mortality, the ultimate traits that condition human life. This book traces the contours of Schürmann’s thinking in his magnum opus Broken Hegemonies in order to uncover the possibility of a politics that resists the hegemonic tendency to posit principles that set the world and our relationships with one another into violent order.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The book follows in the footsteps of Oedipus who, in abject recognition of his finitude, stumbles upon the possibility of another politics with the help of his daughters at Colonus. The path toward this other, collaboratively created and thus poetic politics begins with an encounter with Aristotle, a thinker whom Schürmann most frequently read as the founder of hegemonic metaphysics, but whose thinking reveals itself as alive to beginnings in ways that open new possibility for human community.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This return to beginnings leads, in turn, to Plotinus, who Schürmann reads as marking the destitution of the ancient hegemony of the Parmenidean principle of the One. By bringing Schürmann’s innovative and compelling reading of René Char’s poem, The Shark and the Gull, into dialogue with Plotinus we come to encounter the power of symbols to transform reality and open us to new constellations of possible community. In Plotinus, where we expected to encounter an end, we experience a new way of thinking natality in terms of what comes to language in Char as the nuptial. Having thus been awakened to the power of symbols, we are prepared to experience how in Kant being itself comes to expression as plurivocal in a way that reveals just how pathologically delusional it is to attempt to deploy univocal principles in a plurivocal world. This opens us to what Schürmann calls the “singularization to come,” a formulation that gestures to a mode of comportment at home in the ravaged site between natality and mortality. This then returns us to Oedipus at Colonus; but not to him alone. Rather, it points to the relationship that emerges for a time between Antigone, Ismene, and Oedipus, as they navigate a way between their exile from Thebes and Oedipus’s final resting place near Athens. Here, having been awakened to the power of a poetic politics, we attend to three symbolic moments of touching between Oedipus and his daughters through which we might discern something of the new possibilities a poetic politics opens for us if we settle into the ravaged site that conditions our existence, together.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;esistance features a selection of overtly non-conformist positions in the contemporary visual art scene of Albania vis-à-vis the most recent social, political, and economic turmoils in the Western Balkans – a region marked by the dark side of political governances that have remained “democratic” in their outward appearance (especially toward the European Union), while dramatically leaning toward autocratic regimes in the eyes of their own citizens.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Regardless of their citizens’ primary interests, and despite some positive signals surfacing in the international media, almost every attempt to establish lasting conditions for democratic governance in the Western Balkans has been shrouded in the veil of profit-driven political scandals, personal greed for more and more power over the people’s rights, and the extinction of public property in pursuit of social elite’s corporate and private interests. Additionally, and more specifically related to Tirana, artists and citizens have, over the years, been involved in various types of revolt, expressing their disagreements with the ongoing destruction of public property in the name of “modernization and development”: a movement led by local political powers through financially and strategically motivated processes of architectural cannibalism – not only at the expense of erasing Albanian cultural heritage or long-term residents’ habitats, but also at the expense of taking human lives under the pretext of “urbanization.” The most obvious instance of this economy of destruction was the complex of buildings linked to the National Theater of Albania in downtown Tirana that has served as a symbolic and material place of citizens’ resistance: for more than two years, together with local artists, they have been opposing the government’s plans to demolish the old complex in order to build a new one – until this finally happened in Spring 2020, in the midst of the ongoing COVID19 pandemic.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Rooted in the atmosphere of the National Theater Protests in Tirana, RESISTANCE was conceived in Summer 2019 by ZETA Center for Contemporary Art as the International Artists-in-Residence Program, in cooperation with three partner organizations from Kosovo, Serbia and North Macedonia (Stacion – Center for Contemporary Art in Prishtina; Ilija &amp;amp; Mangelos Foundation in Novi Sad; and Faculty of Things That Can’t Be Learned in Bitola) and supported by Swiss Cultural Fund in Albania, a project of the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation. Gradually, the project expanded into an exhibition (Heterotopias of Resistance, curated by Blerta Hoçia and featuring works by Lori Lako, Fatlum Doçi, Edona Kryeziu, Nina Galiç, Darko Vukiç, Nikola Slavevski, and Natasha Nedelkova) and a series of interviews and panel discussions (with contributions by Lindita Komani, Edmond Budina, Ervin Goci, Ergin Zaloshnja, Pleurad Xhafa, Gentian Shkurti, Stefano Romano, Luçjan Bedeni, HAVEIT, Leonard Qylafi, Jonida Gashi, and Fatmira Nikolli). The results of both have been collected and presented in the format of a publication that, besides serving as an indispensable reading material concerning visual arts and politics in contemporary Albania, especially to those abroad, functions by itself as a form of resistance against contagious cultural policies in weak post-socialist “democracies” in Southeastern Europe.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Edmond BUDINA  (1952, Tirana, Albania) is an actor, director and writer based in Tirana. He studied  Dramatic Art at the Albanian Academy of Arts, where he graduted in 1974. Since the mid 1970s until his immigration to Italy in the early 1990s he worked at the National Theater in Tirana, where he performed in over 50 plays. Between 1980 and 1992 he was an external lecturer for the master’s courses in acting, diction and directing at the Academy of Dramatic Art in Tirana. He is also one of the founding members of the Albanian Democratic Party. Budina’s greatest accomplishments at Tirana’s National Theater were achieved  with the dramas by Friedrich Schiller, Henrik Ibsen, Luigi Pirandello, Arthur Miller, Bertolt Brecht, François Rabelais, and Nikolai Pogodin. His theatrical adaptations and staging of various works written by Ismail Kadaré marked a turning point in the history of Albanian theater. Besides theater, he has worked for radio, television, and cinema and as a consultant for various newspapers and magazines. When in August 1990 the last communist president of Albania, Ramiz Alia, organized a meeting with leading intellectuals of the time on ways to reform the country’s political system, Budina was one of the invited academic representatives demanding democratic pluralism. In 1992 Budina emigrated from Albania and continued his work in Italy, initially with small documentaries and roles in theaters, while later on with movies. Besides his collaborations with Ermanno Olmi’s cinema school, the Ipotesi Cinema (1993-1994), his projects abroad include, among others: a documentary “Guardando al ritorno” (Looking back, 1994); theater plays “Tabir Sarrail” (The Palace of Dreams, 1995) and “Migranti” (Migrants, 1996) – a show that won the Italian National Prize for translation; a soap opera “Un posto al sole” (A Place in the Sun, 2000s); and a short movie “Domenica delle palme” (2002). In 2003 he made his directorial debut with “Lettere al vento” (Letters in the Wind), while his movie “Balkan Bazaar,” first official co-production between Albania and Italy, was released in Italian cinemas in 2011. “Broken” (2017) is one of his most recent international cinematographic projects.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;LINDITA KOMANI  (1979, Tirana, Albania) is a writer, translator, and publisher based in Tirana. She completed her studies of business and finance at the University of Graz (2006). She also completed master studies in EU Business Law at the University of Tirana (2014). Currently, she is completing a master study on EU Project and Public Management at FH Joanneum in Graz. Besides her professional life, dedicated to business consultancy and management, she has been an active writer and translator since 2002. Her works, published in Tirana since 2012, include poetry, short stories, and essays, among which:  “Post impresion” (Ombra GVG, 2012); “In the tongue of awakening” (Poeteka, 2015); “Life motto” (Kompass, 2018) and “The understood Noli [Fan S. Noli]” (Kompass, 2019). Her upcoming, yet unpublished project is a comedy play “Arturo is back (or how the Movement for Asylum started and got transformed).” In 2017 Komani started her own small publishing house (Kompass) with the purpose to produce books she considers of value for the Albanian market and worth being translated (by herself) into the Albanian language. Titles published so far include fiction books (Kahlil Gibran’s “The Madman,” 2017; Mark Twain’s “The Diaries of Adam and Eve,” 2018; “Literary Austria since 1945,” 2019) and non-fiction books (Carl Buchberger’s “Principality Albania,” 2017 and Theodor Herzl’s “The Jewish State,” 2018). Since 2018 she has been involved in Tirana’s resistance movement for the protection of a local theater. In the framework of the Festival for the Protection of the Theater, she translated two plays (Franz Kafka’s “America” and Thomas Bernhard’s “Frost’), which were put on stage by the Thalia Theater in Hamburg and the THEATER.punkt in Vienna, respectively.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;ERVIN GOCI  (1982, Kruja, Albania) is a pedagogue and activist based in Tirana. He earned his Bachelor of Arts degree in Philosophy from the Department of Philosophy and Sociology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tirana (2005) and his Master of Science degree in Human Sciences from the Faculty of History and Philology, University of Tirana (2008). His PhD studies, initiated in 2010 at the Department of Journalism and Communication, Faculty of History and Philology, University of Tirana, concern the Albanian society confronting the challenge of routine perpetual measuring of the media audience. Since 2006 he has been a Senior Lecturer at the Faculty of History and Philology, University of Tirana, where he has been teaching on Civil Society, Public Space, Social Theory, Public Relations, Audience Measurement, and Media Users Behavior. Prior to this, he was an Assistant Lecturer at the Journalism and Communication Department, Faculty of History and Philology, University of Tirana (2005-2006). He was also an External Lecturer at “Marin Barleti” University in Tirana (2009-2011) and an External Lecturer at the European University of Tirana (2008-2011). His research papers have been presented in national and international conferences and publications including, among others: “Information in the era of social media : The case of newspaper Panorama” (Prishtina, 2016); “Typologies of audience behavior into the perspective of digitalization process” (Tirana, 2015); “The audience measurement in Albania – Efforts to institutionalize” (Prishtina, 2014); “Youth media exposure, and their behavior as interactive audiences” (Tirana, 2013) and “Promoting the image of mobile communication industry in Albania (Tools and Strategies)” (Tirana, 2011). He has been a team member of research projects such as: “Albanian Media confronting new challenges with an outdated economic model” (Tirana, 2017), “Television without Television” (Tirana, 2017), “Monitoring the impact of ethnic-based community media on Roma population in south-east Albania” (Tirana, 2012) and “Monitoring media exposure and access of communication in the ‘closed institutions’ (Prisons)” (Tirana, 2011).&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;LEONARD QYLAFI  (1980, Korça, Albania) is a visual artist who lives and works in Tirana. He studied painting at the Academy of Fine Arts in Tirana, where he received his MFA degree in 2003. Profoundly linked to his personal life experience and a research-based meditation on material records (like books, films, or photographic documents), his paintings, videos, and photography are as much investigations of the processes shaping the narration of events in his home country as they are subjective reflections on the nature of images as such. He represented Albania at the 57th International Art Exhibition, La Biennale di Venezia (2017) and was the 2008 winner of ARDHJE Award For Young Visual Artists from Albania. He took part in international artist-in-residence programs such as: NIFCA – Nordic Institute of Contemporary Art, Helsinki (2005–2006); T.I.C.A – Institute of Contemporary Art, Tirana (2007); Kulturkontakt Austria, Vienna (2008) and ISCP – International Studio and Curatorial Program, New York (2009). His solo exhibitions so far include: “Occurrence in Present Tense,” La Biennale di Venezia – Albanian Pavillion (2017); “Imagery,” Zeta Gallery, Tirana (2016); “Museum of Nature,” Zeta Gallery, Tirana (2013). Among his group exhibitions, the most notable ones were held at venues such as: NiMAC Museum, Nicosia (2018); National Gallery of Art, Tirana (2017); MuCEM, Marseilles (2016); Izolyatsia Foundation, Kiev (2016); City Museum, Belgrade (2014); Künstlerhaus Bethanien, Berlin (2012); Kunst Raum Riehen, Basel (2012); MODEM Centre for Modern and Contemporary Arts, Debrecen (2011), International Biennial of Contemporary Art, Tirana (2009) and BJCM – XIII Biennal of Young Artists from Europe and the Mediterranean, Puglia (2008).&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Unframe Your Polis</TitleText>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;GENTIAN SHKURTI  (1977, Mamuras, Albania) is a visual artist based in Tirana. He graduated from the Academy of Fine Arts in Tirana (1999), where he studied painting and later worked for two years as an assistant professor. Nowadays he works at the AFMM – Marubi Film and Multimedia Academy in Tirana. Apart from the group exhibition “Traveling light. Nothing to lose,” Chelsea Museum of Art -New York (2006), Shkurti’s works have been exhibited primarily in Europe at venues such as: National Gallery of Kosovo, Prishtina (2020); Ludwig Museum, Budapest (2016); 54th Venice Biennale – Albanian Pavilion (2011); Pompidou Center, Paris (2010); Museum of Modern Art, Ljubljana (2006); Kunsthalle Fridericianum, Kassel (2003); Sammlung Essl, Vienna (2003); Locarno International Film Festival (2003); 1st Tirana Biennale, National Gallery of Arts, Tirana (2001); Museo Civico d’arte contemporanea, Ortona (2000); and 7th International Cairo Biennial (1998). Some of his works are part of public art collections such as the Ludwig Museum, Budapest and the Essl Museum, Vienna.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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            <TitleText language="eng">How Can a Museum Change a City?</TitleText>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;LUÇJAN BEDENI  was born in 1987 in Shkodra, where he also lives and works. Since 2012 he has been the Director of the Marubi National Museum of Photography in Shkodra. He studied at the Academy of Fine Arts in Tirana, where he graduated in 2009. He was the 2009 winner of Ardhje Award for Young Visual Artists from Albania. He participated in the artists-in-residence program at ISCP – International Studio &amp;amp; Curatorial Program, New York (2010).&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;HAVEIT  is an art collective comprised of two pairs of sisters – Alketa &amp;amp; Arbërore Sylaj and Hana &amp;amp; Vesa Qena – founded in 2011 in Prishtina (Kosovo) as a form of protest in the aftermath of a local crime in which a 27-year-old student Diana Kastrati was shot dead in the street by her ex-husband. Ever since, empowering women’s social status in Kosovo has been the central tenet of their artistic and activist practice, which combines public performance, photography and video to explore social issues relevant to their living and working environment (including sexism, gender stereotypes and the denial of LGBTQ rights by patriarchal chains of power). In 2018, HAVEIT received the Open Society Foundation’s Award for Democracy for their efforts against gender inequality, violence against women, and discrimination of the LGBTQ community. Some of their projects include: “Use Your Mouth,” Stockholm &amp;amp; Tirana (2014); “What color is your flag when it burns?” Prishtina (2014); “Unconnected, and plastic,” Prishtina (2014); “Kur baba kajke, nana m`i lajke sytë,” Tirana (2014); “Hanging on a Curtain,” Tirana (2014); “St. Valentine’s Day,” Prishtina (2014); “Examination,” Prishtina &amp;amp; Athens (2013); “Je Suis Glamour,” Prishtina (2013); “How would you see me when you could see me,” Stacion – Center for Contemporary Art Prishtina (2013).&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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            <TitleText language="eng">What Will Remain from Resistance</TitleText>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;PLEURAD XHAFA  (1984, Lushnja, Albania) is a visual artist and activist currently based in Tirana. He studied at the Academy of Fine Arts in Bologna, where he graduated in 2012 with an MFA in Visual Arts. He is one of the founders of the Debatik Center of Contemporary Art (www.debatikcenter.net). In 2014 he was the winner of ARDHJE Award for Young Visual Artists from Albania. Xhafa develops projects that examine the effects produced by neoliberal political experiments. His research and critical work comes as a result of a post-conceptual practice, which operates on a documentary basis to subsequently report – visually and politically – to the culture of our time. Some of his site-specific interventions in Tirana have been realized in collaboration with. His work has been presented in international group exhibitions and festivals such as: ALTERNATIVE FILM/VIDEO Festival, Belgrade (2018) “Les Rencontres Internationales,” Paris/Berlin (2015-2016); “Teatri i Gjelbërimit – Department of Eagles,” FAB Gallery, Tirana (2016); “Shame On You,” Celje (2015); “ARDHJE Award: The Finalists,” Zeta Gallery, Tirana (2014); “Lavoro/Work/Vore,” Udine (2013); “What is Waiting Out There” – 6th Berlin Biennale for Contemporary Art (2010); 4th Tirana Biennale (2009); “Desire and Evidence: ONUFRI XIV,” National Art Gallery, Tirana (2009); and “Every Revolution is a Throw of Dice,” Loggia della Mercanzia, Genoa (2006).&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;STEAFNO ROMANO  (1975, Naples, Italy) is a visual artist, curator, and lecturer who lives and works between Tirana (Albania) and Bergamo (Italy). He graduated from the Accademia Carrara, an academy of fine arts in Bergamo (2002) where he studied Visual Arts. He also worked there, first as an assistant of Adrian Paci (2002–2004) and Salvatore Falci (2006–2008), then as a  tutor (2008–2010), and finally as a professor of Visual Communication Methodology (2013–2015). In 2004–2005 he was a guest-lecturer of History of Contemporary Art and New Technologies, an experimental course at the Fine Arts Academy in Tirana. Between 2010 and 2012 he was a professor of Contemporary Art History at the Polis University in Tirana where, since 2017, he has been teaching two courses: Phenomenology of Contemporary Art and Phenomenology of the Object. He is the co-founder of DZT – DyZeroTre, an artistic and architectural collective (since 2012) and MAPS – Mobile Archive on Public Space, a digital platform for interdisciplinary research on issues related to art and public space. His process-based artistic practice, which encompasses temporary actions, performances, installations, videos and photography, examines manifold contradictions of social reality through transient and unexpected images produced by ‘light-gazing’. He has taken part in numerous exhibition projects since the early 2000s, among which: “Monumenti Impermanenti,” Fondazione Pini, Milan (2019); Autostrada Biennale, Prizren (2018); “Ex Gratia,” Collezione Giuseppe Iannaccone, Milan (2018); “RGB,” Zeta Gallery, Tirana (2018); “Collective Monument,” Stamp gallery, University of Maryland (2018); “responseABILITY,” Rotor, Graz (2018); Mediterranea 18 Young Artists Biennial, Tirana (2017); “There must be something in between,” afo – architekturforum oberösterreich, Linz (2017); “Teatri i Gjelbërimit – Department of Eagles,” FAB Gallery, Tirana (2016); “A Manifesto,” Tulla Culture Center, Tirana (2015); “Post fata resurgo,” Palazzo della Misericordia, Bergamo (2014); “HISTŒRI removing,” UpperLab, Bergamo (2013); “Would you stay a little longer?,” Zeta Gallery, Tirana (2011); “Stuck in a paradox, I start shaving myself,” CHAN Contemporary Art Gallery, Genova (2010).&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;esistance features a selection of overtly non-conformist positions in the contemporary visual art scene of Albania vis-à-vis the most recent social, political, and economic turmoils in the Western Balkans – a region marked by the dark side of political governances that have remained “democratic” in their outward appearance (especially toward the European Union), while dramatically leaning toward autocratic regimes in the eyes of their own citizens.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Regardless of their citizens’ primary interests, and despite some positive signals surfacing in the international media, almost every attempt to establish lasting conditions for democratic governance in the Western Balkans has been shrouded in the veil of profit-driven political scandals, personal greed for more and more power over the people’s rights, and the extinction of public property in pursuit of social elite’s corporate and private interests. Additionally, and more specifically related to Tirana, artists and citizens have, over the years, been involved in various types of revolt, expressing their disagreements with the ongoing destruction of public property in the name of “modernization and development”: a movement led by local political powers through financially and strategically motivated processes of architectural cannibalism – not only at the expense of erasing Albanian cultural heritage or long-term residents’ habitats, but also at the expense of taking human lives under the pretext of “urbanization.” The most obvious instance of this economy of destruction was the complex of buildings linked to the National Theater of Albania in downtown Tirana that has served as a symbolic and material place of citizens’ resistance: for more than two years, together with local artists, they have been opposing the government’s plans to demolish the old complex in order to build a new one – until this finally happened in Spring 2020, in the midst of the ongoing COVID19 pandemic.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Rooted in the atmosphere of the National Theater Protests in Tirana, RESISTANCE was conceived in Summer 2019 by ZETA Center for Contemporary Art as the International Artists-in-Residence Program, in cooperation with three partner organizations from Kosovo, Serbia and North Macedonia (Stacion – Center for Contemporary Art in Prishtina; Ilija &amp;amp; Mangelos Foundation in Novi Sad; and Faculty of Things That Can’t Be Learned in Bitola) and supported by Swiss Cultural Fund in Albania, a project of the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation. Gradually, the project expanded into an exhibition (Heterotopias of Resistance, curated by Blerta Hoçia and featuring works by Lori Lako, Fatlum Doçi, Edona Kryeziu, Nina Galiç, Darko Vukiç, Nikola Slavevski, and Natasha Nedelkova) and a series of interviews and panel discussions (with contributions by Lindita Komani, Edmond Budina, Ervin Goci, Ergin Zaloshnja, Pleurad Xhafa, Gentian Shkurti, Stefano Romano, Luçjan Bedeni, HAVEIT, Leonard Qylafi, Jonida Gashi, and Fatmira Nikolli). The results of both have been collected and presented in the format of a publication that, besides serving as an indispensable reading material concerning visual arts and politics in contemporary Albania, especially to those abroad, functions by itself as a form of resistance against contagious cultural policies in weak post-socialist “democracies” in Southeastern Europe.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Edmond BUDINA  (1952, Tirana, Albania) is an actor, director and writer based in Tirana. He studied  Dramatic Art at the Albanian Academy of Arts, where he graduted in 1974. Since the mid 1970s until his immigration to Italy in the early 1990s he worked at the National Theater in Tirana, where he performed in over 50 plays. Between 1980 and 1992 he was an external lecturer for the master’s courses in acting, diction and directing at the Academy of Dramatic Art in Tirana. He is also one of the founding members of the Albanian Democratic Party. Budina’s greatest accomplishments at Tirana’s National Theater were achieved  with the dramas by Friedrich Schiller, Henrik Ibsen, Luigi Pirandello, Arthur Miller, Bertolt Brecht, François Rabelais, and Nikolai Pogodin. His theatrical adaptations and staging of various works written by Ismail Kadaré marked a turning point in the history of Albanian theater. Besides theater, he has worked for radio, television, and cinema and as a consultant for various newspapers and magazines. When in August 1990 the last communist president of Albania, Ramiz Alia, organized a meeting with leading intellectuals of the time on ways to reform the country’s political system, Budina was one of the invited academic representatives demanding democratic pluralism. In 1992 Budina emigrated from Albania and continued his work in Italy, initially with small documentaries and roles in theaters, while later on with movies. Besides his collaborations with Ermanno Olmi’s cinema school, the Ipotesi Cinema (1993-1994), his projects abroad include, among others: a documentary “Guardando al ritorno” (Looking back, 1994); theater plays “Tabir Sarrail” (The Palace of Dreams, 1995) and “Migranti” (Migrants, 1996) – a show that won the Italian National Prize for translation; a soap opera “Un posto al sole” (A Place in the Sun, 2000s); and a short movie “Domenica delle palme” (2002). In 2003 he made his directorial debut with “Lettere al vento” (Letters in the Wind), while his movie “Balkan Bazaar,” first official co-production between Albania and Italy, was released in Italian cinemas in 2011. “Broken” (2017) is one of his most recent international cinematographic projects.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;LINDITA KOMANI  (1979, Tirana, Albania) is a writer, translator, and publisher based in Tirana. She completed her studies of business and finance at the University of Graz (2006). She also completed master studies in EU Business Law at the University of Tirana (2014). Currently, she is completing a master study on EU Project and Public Management at FH Joanneum in Graz. Besides her professional life, dedicated to business consultancy and management, she has been an active writer and translator since 2002. Her works, published in Tirana since 2012, include poetry, short stories, and essays, among which:  “Post impresion” (Ombra GVG, 2012); “In the tongue of awakening” (Poeteka, 2015); “Life motto” (Kompass, 2018) and “The understood Noli [Fan S. Noli]” (Kompass, 2019). Her upcoming, yet unpublished project is a comedy play “Arturo is back (or how the Movement for Asylum started and got transformed).” In 2017 Komani started her own small publishing house (Kompass) with the purpose to produce books she considers of value for the Albanian market and worth being translated (by herself) into the Albanian language. Titles published so far include fiction books (Kahlil Gibran’s “The Madman,” 2017; Mark Twain’s “The Diaries of Adam and Eve,” 2018; “Literary Austria since 1945,” 2019) and non-fiction books (Carl Buchberger’s “Principality Albania,” 2017 and Theodor Herzl’s “The Jewish State,” 2018). Since 2018 she has been involved in Tirana’s resistance movement for the protection of a local theater. In the framework of the Festival for the Protection of the Theater, she translated two plays (Franz Kafka’s “America” and Thomas Bernhard’s “Frost’), which were put on stage by the Thalia Theater in Hamburg and the THEATER.punkt in Vienna, respectively.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;ERVIN GOCI  (1982, Kruja, Albania) is a pedagogue and activist based in Tirana. He earned his Bachelor of Arts degree in Philosophy from the Department of Philosophy and Sociology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tirana (2005) and his Master of Science degree in Human Sciences from the Faculty of History and Philology, University of Tirana (2008). His PhD studies, initiated in 2010 at the Department of Journalism and Communication, Faculty of History and Philology, University of Tirana, concern the Albanian society confronting the challenge of routine perpetual measuring of the media audience. Since 2006 he has been a Senior Lecturer at the Faculty of History and Philology, University of Tirana, where he has been teaching on Civil Society, Public Space, Social Theory, Public Relations, Audience Measurement, and Media Users Behavior. Prior to this, he was an Assistant Lecturer at the Journalism and Communication Department, Faculty of History and Philology, University of Tirana (2005-2006). He was also an External Lecturer at “Marin Barleti” University in Tirana (2009-2011) and an External Lecturer at the European University of Tirana (2008-2011). His research papers have been presented in national and international conferences and publications including, among others: “Information in the era of social media : The case of newspaper Panorama” (Prishtina, 2016); “Typologies of audience behavior into the perspective of digitalization process” (Tirana, 2015); “The audience measurement in Albania – Efforts to institutionalize” (Prishtina, 2014); “Youth media exposure, and their behavior as interactive audiences” (Tirana, 2013) and “Promoting the image of mobile communication industry in Albania (Tools and Strategies)” (Tirana, 2011). He has been a team member of research projects such as: “Albanian Media confronting new challenges with an outdated economic model” (Tirana, 2017), “Television without Television” (Tirana, 2017), “Monitoring the impact of ethnic-based community media on Roma population in south-east Albania” (Tirana, 2012) and “Monitoring media exposure and access of communication in the ‘closed institutions’ (Prisons)” (Tirana, 2011).&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;LEONARD QYLAFI  (1980, Korça, Albania) is a visual artist who lives and works in Tirana. He studied painting at the Academy of Fine Arts in Tirana, where he received his MFA degree in 2003. Profoundly linked to his personal life experience and a research-based meditation on material records (like books, films, or photographic documents), his paintings, videos, and photography are as much investigations of the processes shaping the narration of events in his home country as they are subjective reflections on the nature of images as such. He represented Albania at the 57th International Art Exhibition, La Biennale di Venezia (2017) and was the 2008 winner of ARDHJE Award For Young Visual Artists from Albania. He took part in international artist-in-residence programs such as: NIFCA – Nordic Institute of Contemporary Art, Helsinki (2005–2006); T.I.C.A – Institute of Contemporary Art, Tirana (2007); Kulturkontakt Austria, Vienna (2008) and ISCP – International Studio and Curatorial Program, New York (2009). His solo exhibitions so far include: “Occurrence in Present Tense,” La Biennale di Venezia – Albanian Pavillion (2017); “Imagery,” Zeta Gallery, Tirana (2016); “Museum of Nature,” Zeta Gallery, Tirana (2013). Among his group exhibitions, the most notable ones were held at venues such as: NiMAC Museum, Nicosia (2018); National Gallery of Art, Tirana (2017); MuCEM, Marseilles (2016); Izolyatsia Foundation, Kiev (2016); City Museum, Belgrade (2014); Künstlerhaus Bethanien, Berlin (2012); Kunst Raum Riehen, Basel (2012); MODEM Centre for Modern and Contemporary Arts, Debrecen (2011), International Biennial of Contemporary Art, Tirana (2009) and BJCM – XIII Biennal of Young Artists from Europe and the Mediterranean, Puglia (2008).&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;GENTIAN SHKURTI  (1977, Mamuras, Albania) is a visual artist based in Tirana. He graduated from the Academy of Fine Arts in Tirana (1999), where he studied painting and later worked for two years as an assistant professor. Nowadays he works at the AFMM – Marubi Film and Multimedia Academy in Tirana. Apart from the group exhibition “Traveling light. Nothing to lose,” Chelsea Museum of Art -New York (2006), Shkurti’s works have been exhibited primarily in Europe at venues such as: National Gallery of Kosovo, Prishtina (2020); Ludwig Museum, Budapest (2016); 54th Venice Biennale – Albanian Pavilion (2011); Pompidou Center, Paris (2010); Museum of Modern Art, Ljubljana (2006); Kunsthalle Fridericianum, Kassel (2003); Sammlung Essl, Vienna (2003); Locarno International Film Festival (2003); 1st Tirana Biennale, National Gallery of Arts, Tirana (2001); Museo Civico d’arte contemporanea, Ortona (2000); and 7th International Cairo Biennial (1998). Some of his works are part of public art collections such as the Ludwig Museum, Budapest and the Essl Museum, Vienna.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;LUÇJAN BEDENI  was born in 1987 in Shkodra, where he also lives and works. Since 2012 he has been the Director of the Marubi National Museum of Photography in Shkodra. He studied at the Academy of Fine Arts in Tirana, where he graduated in 2009. He was the 2009 winner of Ardhje Award for Young Visual Artists from Albania. He participated in the artists-in-residence program at ISCP – International Studio &amp;amp; Curatorial Program, New York (2010).&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;HAVEIT  is an art collective comprised of two pairs of sisters – Alketa &amp;amp; Arbërore Sylaj and Hana &amp;amp; Vesa Qena – founded in 2011 in Prishtina (Kosovo) as a form of protest in the aftermath of a local crime in which a 27-year-old student Diana Kastrati was shot dead in the street by her ex-husband. Ever since, empowering women’s social status in Kosovo has been the central tenet of their artistic and activist practice, which combines public performance, photography and video to explore social issues relevant to their living and working environment (including sexism, gender stereotypes and the denial of LGBTQ rights by patriarchal chains of power). In 2018, HAVEIT received the Open Society Foundation’s Award for Democracy for their efforts against gender inequality, violence against women, and discrimination of the LGBTQ community. Some of their projects include: “Use Your Mouth,” Stockholm &amp;amp; Tirana (2014); “What color is your flag when it burns?” Prishtina (2014); “Unconnected, and plastic,” Prishtina (2014); “Kur baba kajke, nana m`i lajke sytë,” Tirana (2014); “Hanging on a Curtain,” Tirana (2014); “St. Valentine’s Day,” Prishtina (2014); “Examination,” Prishtina &amp;amp; Athens (2013); “Je Suis Glamour,” Prishtina (2013); “How would you see me when you could see me,” Stacion – Center for Contemporary Art Prishtina (2013).&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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        <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Mario Telò is a Professor of Rhetoric, Comparative Literature, and Ancient Greek and Roman Studies at University of California, Berkeley. He is the author of Aristophanes and the Cloak of Comedy: Affect, Aesthetics, and the Canon (Chicago UP, 2016), Archive Feelings: A Theory of Greek Tragedy (Ohio State UP, 2020), and Greek Tragedy in A Global Crisis: Reading through Pandemic Times (Bloomsbury, 2023) and also the co-editor of The Materialities of Greek Tragedy (Bloomsbury, 2018) and Queer Euripides (Bloomsbury, 2022). A monograph entitled Judith Butler and the Ethics of Greek Tragedy will appear with Bloomsbury in 2024.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Can attending to poetic form help us imagine a radical politics and bridge the gap between pressing contemporary political concerns and an ancient literature that often seems steeped in dynamics of oppression?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The corpus of the fifth-century Athenian playwright Aristophanes includes some of the funniest yet most disturbing comedies of Western literature. His work’s anarchic experimentation with language invites a radically “oversensitive” hyperformalism, a formalistic overanalysis that disrupts, disables, or even abolishes a range of normativities (government, labor, reproduction, gender). Exceeding not just historicist contextualism, but also conventional notions of laughter and the logic of the joke, Resistant Form: Aristophanes and the Comedy of Crisis uses Aristophanes to fully embrace, in the practice of close or “too-close” reading, the etymological and conceptual nexus of crisis, critique, and literary criticism.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;These exuberant readings of Birds, Frogs, Lysistrata, and Women at the Thesmophoria, together with the first attempt ever to grapple with the comic style of critical theorists Gilles Deleuze, Achille Mbembe, and Jack Halberstam, connect Aristophanes with contemporary discourses of biopolitics, necrocitizenship, care, labor, and transness, and at the same time disclose a quasi- or para-Aristophanic mode in the written textures of critical theory. Here is a radically new approach to the literary criticism of the pre-modern – one that materializes the circuit of crisis and critique through a restless inhabitation of the becomings and unbecomings of comic form.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Can attending to poetic form help us imagine a radical politics and bridge the gap between pressing contemporary political concerns and an ancient literature that often seems steeped in dynamics of oppression?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The corpus of the fifth-century Athenian playwright Aristophanes includes some of the funniest yet most disturbing comedies of Western literature. His work’s anarchic experimentation with language invites a radically “oversensitive” hyperformalism, a formalistic overanalysis that disrupts, disables, or even abolishes a range of normativities (government, labor, reproduction, gender). Exceeding not just historicist contextualism, but also conventional notions of laughter and the logic of the joke, Resistant Form: Aristophanes and the Comedy of Crisis uses Aristophanes to fully embrace, in the practice of close or “too-close” reading, the etymological and conceptual nexus of crisis, critique, and literary criticism.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;These exuberant readings of Birds, Frogs, Lysistrata, and Women at the Thesmophoria, together with the first attempt ever to grapple with the comic style of critical theorists Gilles Deleuze, Achille Mbembe, and Jack Halberstam, connect Aristophanes with contemporary discourses of biopolitics, necrocitizenship, care, labor, and transness, and at the same time disclose a quasi- or para-Aristophanic mode in the written textures of critical theory. Here is a radically new approach to the literary criticism of the pre-modern – one that materializes the circuit of crisis and critique through a restless inhabitation of the becomings and unbecomings of comic form.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Can attending to poetic form help us imagine a radical politics and bridge the gap between pressing contemporary political concerns and an ancient literature that often seems steeped in dynamics of oppression?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The corpus of the fifth-century Athenian playwright Aristophanes includes some of the funniest yet most disturbing comedies of Western literature. His work’s anarchic experimentation with language invites a radically “oversensitive” hyperformalism, a formalistic overanalysis that disrupts, disables, or even abolishes a range of normativities (government, labor, reproduction, gender). Exceeding not just historicist contextualism, but also conventional notions of laughter and the logic of the joke, Resistant Form: Aristophanes and the Comedy of Crisis uses Aristophanes to fully embrace, in the practice of close or “too-close” reading, the etymological and conceptual nexus of crisis, critique, and literary criticism.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;These exuberant readings of Birds, Frogs, Lysistrata, and Women at the Thesmophoria, together with the first attempt ever to grapple with the comic style of critical theorists Gilles Deleuze, Achille Mbembe, and Jack Halberstam, connect Aristophanes with contemporary discourses of biopolitics, necrocitizenship, care, labor, and transness, and at the same time disclose a quasi- or para-Aristophanic mode in the written textures of critical theory. Here is a radically new approach to the literary criticism of the pre-modern – one that materializes the circuit of crisis and critique through a restless inhabitation of the becomings and unbecomings of comic form.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Can attending to poetic form help us imagine a radical politics and bridge the gap between pressing contemporary political concerns and an ancient literature that often seems steeped in dynamics of oppression?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The corpus of the fifth-century Athenian playwright Aristophanes includes some of the funniest yet most disturbing comedies of Western literature. His work’s anarchic experimentation with language invites a radically “oversensitive” hyperformalism, a formalistic overanalysis that disrupts, disables, or even abolishes a range of normativities (government, labor, reproduction, gender). Exceeding not just historicist contextualism, but also conventional notions of laughter and the logic of the joke, Resistant Form: Aristophanes and the Comedy of Crisis uses Aristophanes to fully embrace, in the practice of close or “too-close” reading, the etymological and conceptual nexus of crisis, critique, and literary criticism.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;These exuberant readings of Birds, Frogs, Lysistrata, and Women at the Thesmophoria, together with the first attempt ever to grapple with the comic style of critical theorists Gilles Deleuze, Achille Mbembe, and Jack Halberstam, connect Aristophanes with contemporary discourses of biopolitics, necrocitizenship, care, labor, and transness, and at the same time disclose a quasi- or para-Aristophanic mode in the written textures of critical theory. Here is a radically new approach to the literary criticism of the pre-modern – one that materializes the circuit of crisis and critique through a restless inhabitation of the becomings and unbecomings of comic form.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Solarities: Elemental Encounters and Refractions is a transdiciplinary essay collection that explores the physical, conceptual, and political possibilities materialized by “solarity”— a form of relation to the sun and its elemental force upon planetary life. The authors propose that a different set of questions becomes possible when the material specificities of solar become the compass for thought, prompting us to uncover our relationship to the sun. How does solarity materialize in the bodies and lives of humans and non-humans now and in the future? What can we learn if we no longer take the sun for granted? How do we continue to persist on a planet that is so intimately bound up in a state of love, fear, and dependence on this primary source of all living energy? Each of the essays in Solarities take solar radiation as an interpretive lens that takes multiple forms, often transforming as it does so.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Solarities draws inspiration from Black ecologies, Indigenous philosophy, feminist science &amp;amp; technology studies, and more-than-human discussions in the human sciences, recognizing the phenomenological and ontological openings they make available. The authors understand solarity as an energy source (channeled through photovoltaic cells, for example), but the essays gathered here focus on the lives that solarity creates or impedes. The experimental task is to find how solarities work their way into materials and processes across our work, seeking out the particular influences of solarity in making being(s). These relations are core to thinking the elemental conditions of solarity, since it is through particular forms of focalizing the sun that life is sustained, or made to wither, across the planet.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In these ways, the elemental condition of solarity is at once hyper-particular and also shared across organic and inorganic bodies, conditioned by physical form and material composition. Throughout the collection, the authors explore how solarity appears or recedes from view when we concentrate our attentions on it, surfacing the existential omnipresence of the sun to open new thought possibilities, inspire new actions, and refract new dimensions of socionatural encounter.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Solarities: Elemental Encounters and Refractions is a transdiciplinary essay collection that explores the physical, conceptual, and political possibilities materialized by “solarity”— a form of relation to the sun and its elemental force upon planetary life. The authors propose that a different set of questions becomes possible when the material specificities of solar become the compass for thought, prompting us to uncover our relationship to the sun. How does solarity materialize in the bodies and lives of humans and non-humans now and in the future? What can we learn if we no longer take the sun for granted? How do we continue to persist on a planet that is so intimately bound up in a state of love, fear, and dependence on this primary source of all living energy? Each of the essays in Solarities take solar radiation as an interpretive lens that takes multiple forms, often transforming as it does so.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Solarities draws inspiration from Black ecologies, Indigenous philosophy, feminist science &amp;amp; technology studies, and more-than-human discussions in the human sciences, recognizing the phenomenological and ontological openings they make available. The authors understand solarity as an energy source (channeled through photovoltaic cells, for example), but the essays gathered here focus on the lives that solarity creates or impedes. The experimental task is to find how solarities work their way into materials and processes across our work, seeking out the particular influences of solarity in making being(s). These relations are core to thinking the elemental conditions of solarity, since it is through particular forms of focalizing the sun that life is sustained, or made to wither, across the planet.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In these ways, the elemental condition of solarity is at once hyper-particular and also shared across organic and inorganic bodies, conditioned by physical form and material composition. Throughout the collection, the authors explore how solarity appears or recedes from view when we concentrate our attentions on it, surfacing the existential omnipresence of the sun to open new thought possibilities, inspire new actions, and refract new dimensions of socionatural encounter.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Cymene Howe is Professor of Anthropology at Rice University with a longstanding interest in how people and environments co-create one another. Her field research in the Americas (Nicaragua, Mexico, United States) the Arctic (Iceland, Greenland), and coastal cities (Cape Town and Honolulu) illustrates a widening field of human imprint on ecosystems. Her current research focuses on the interconnections between a melting Arctic and sea level rise in global coastal cities, with an attention to how water, transformed by a warming world, establishes novel links between distant places and populations. Her books include Intimate Activism (Duke UP, 2013) and Ecologics: Wind and Power in the Anthropocene (Duke UP, 2019) as well as two edited collections: Anthropocene Unseen: A Lexicon (punctum books, 2020) and The Johns Hopkins Guide to Critical and Cultural Theory. She co-produced the documentary film Not Ok: A Little Movie about a Small Glacier at the End of the World (2018) and was co-creator of the Okjökull memorial event in Iceland, the world’s first funeral for a glacier fallen to climate change.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Jeff Diamanti is Assistant Professor of Environmental Humanities (Cultural Analysis &amp;amp; Philosophy) at the University of Amsterdam. In 2016–17 he was the Media@McGill Postdoctoral Fellow in Media and the Environment where he co-convened the international colloquium on Climate Realism, the results of which appear in a book collection on Routledge and a double issue of Resilience. His first book, Climate and Capital in the Age of Petroleum: Locating Terminal Landscapes (Bloomsbury 2021), tracks the political and media ecology of fossil fuels across the extractive and logistical spaces that connect remote territories like Greenland to the economies of North America and Western Europe. His new research, Bloom Ecologies, details the return to natural philosophy in the marine and atmospheric sciences studying the interactive dynamics of the cryosphere and hydrosphere in the North Atlantic and Arctic Ocean. He co-directs the ASCA Political Ecologies Seminar with Joost de Bloois, and with Amanda Boetzkes, he co-organizes “At the Moraine,” an ongoing research project on the political ecology of glacial retreat in the Arctic. With Fred Carter, he co-directs the Field­ARTS arts and science residency in Amsterdam, Netherlands.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Skin</TitleText>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Mél Hogan is the host of The Data Fix podcast and is the Director of the Environmental Media Lab (EML). She is an Associate Professor in the Department of Film and Media at Queen’s University (Kingston, Ontario). Her research focuses on data infrastructure, understood from within the contexts of settler-colonial extractivism, planetary catastrophe, and collective anxieties about the future&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This piece invites the reader to think about their skin as a surface to glean information about identity, disease, and life on earth. Through exposing the process of having a mole removed by a surgeon, and a follow-up from the dermatologist, the piece discusses the relationship between skin and sun; the warnings about UV exposure, the narratives about genetics and personal responsibility, the fallout and recovery of medical interventions, and the new meanings made possible about the sun itself, through a careful consideration of skin as a medium that absorbs and reflects it.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This piece invites the reader to think about their skin as a surface to glean information about identity, disease, and life on earth. Through exposing the process of having a mole removed by a surgeon, and a follow-up from the dermatologist, the piece discusses the relationship between skin and sun; the warnings about UV exposure, the narratives about genetics and personal responsibility, the fallout and recovery of medical interventions, and the new meanings made possible about the sun itself, through a careful consideration of skin as a medium that absorbs and reflects it.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Aster Hoving is a doctoral researcher in Environmental Humanities with the Greenhouse Center for Environmental Humanities at the University of Stavanger. Her PhD project “Ocean Energies” investigates how energy companies, scientists, and artists engage with the ocean’s energies. Previously, Aster studied at Utrecht University, the University of Amsterdam, UC Berkeley, and New York University. Her master’s thesis “Elemental Aesthetics” received the Faculty of Humanities UvA Thesis Prize 2021 and in 2023 she was awarded the inaugural British Council Scotland SGSAH EARTH Scholarship for research at the University of Glasgow. Aster’s published work can be found on the website Environmental History Now (2021).&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This essay traces the seasonal and diurnal rhythms of chlorophyll, the pigment that makes the leaves of plants appear green, to develop an elemental analysis of solar energy infrastructures. I explore the temporal, material, and conceptual affordances of chlorophyll through poetic and visual artworks that evoke the changing availability of sunlight reaching the earth. Attending to chlorophyll, I argue, demonstrates how fantasies of unlimited solar energy depend on efforts to seize permanent access and exposure to the sun. While colossal infrastructure projects covering or even transcending the earth aim to turn the sun into an unlimited profitable resource, chlorophyll makes perceptible embod&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This essay traces the seasonal and diurnal rhythms of chlorophyll, the pigment that makes the leaves of plants appear green, to develop an elemental analysis of solar energy infrastructures. I explore the temporal, material, and conceptual affordances of chlorophyll through poetic and visual artworks that evoke the changing availability of sunlight reaching the earth. Attending to chlorophyll, I argue, demonstrates how fantasies of unlimited solar energy depend on efforts to seize permanent access and exposure to the sun. While colossal infrastructure projects covering or even transcending the earth aim to turn the sun into an unlimited profitable resource, chlorophyll makes perceptible embod&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Bloom</TitleText>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Jeff Diamanti is Assistant Professor of Environmental Humanities (Cultural Analysis &amp;amp; Philosophy) at the University of Amsterdam. In 2016–17 he was the Media@McGill Postdoctoral Fellow in Media and the Environment where he co-convened the international colloquium on Climate Realism, the results of which appear in a book collection on Routledge and a double issue of Resilience. His first book, Climate and Capital in the Age of Petroleum: Locating Terminal Landscapes (Bloomsbury 2021), tracks the political and media ecology of fossil fuels across the extractive and logistical spaces that connect remote territories like Greenland to the economies of North America and Western Europe. His new research, Bloom Ecologies, details the return to natural philosophy in the marine and atmospheric sciences studying the interactive dynamics of the cryosphere and hydrosphere in the North Atlantic and Arctic Ocean. He co-directs the ASCA Political Ecologies Seminar with Joost de Bloois, and with Amanda Boetzkes, he co-organizes “At the Moraine,” an ongoing research project on the political ecology of glacial retreat in the Arctic. With Fred Carter, he co-directs the Field­ARTS arts and science residency in Amsterdam, Netherlands.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This essay tracks the solar relations embedded in the short and long phosphorous cycle, tracking the bodies, bonds, and supply chains that connect its extraction in the occupied Western Sahara to planetary bloom ecologies. While phosphorous rarely contends with fossil fuels in the environmental imaginary, I argue that its role in supporting capital and corporeal accumulation in the long 20th century is as central to future ecologies as the fuels subtending petroculture.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This essay tracks the solar relations embedded in the short and long phosphorous cycle, tracking the bodies, bonds, and supply chains that connect its extraction in the occupied Western Sahara to planetary bloom ecologies. While phosphorous rarely contends with fossil fuels in the environmental imaginary, I argue that its role in supporting capital and corporeal accumulation in the long 20th century is as central to future ecologies as the fuels subtending petroculture.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Hannah Tollefson is a Ph.D. candidate in Communication Studies at McGill University. Informed by enviornmental humanities and media and technology studies, her research examines infrastructure and environment, with a focus on extraction, logistics, and energy. Her doctoral project is a study of how the shores and waters of the Salish Sea surrounding the Port of Vancouver have been constructed, maintained, and contested as a space of circulation.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This chapter thinks with respiration as an elemental process of chemical exchange engendered by solarity in forest ecosystems. While photosynthesis converts sunlight into usable energy through carbon capture, respiration is the process of release and decay that makes these ecosystems sites of symbiosis. Attuned to solarity, we follow stories of how such energy conditions and moves through various forms of life and death in our heliocentric universe. Learning from the unstable and mutually beneficial relationships that characterize actually existing forests, we scrutinize the chemical, social, and analogical meanings of solar-inflected respiration. As key mediators of sunlight and carbon, trees are often valued for the services they provide as so-called “planetary lungs” and carbon sinks in times of climate crisis. Interrogating the promises and perils of such utilitarian conceptualizations of the natural world, we consider the ways in which these co-called lungs are unevenly valued and cared for. With compromised conditions of livability across more-than-human social worlds shaped by colonial capitalism and ongoing histories of imperialism, we look to the ways that Indigenous, Black and other marginalized knowledge keepers engage with the notion of respiration in seeking a more just distribution of planetary breathability.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This chapter thinks with respiration as an elemental process of chemical exchange engendered by solarity in forest ecosystems. While photosynthesis converts sunlight into usable energy through carbon capture, respiration is the process of release and decay that makes these ecosystems sites of symbiosis. Attuned to solarity, we follow stories of how such energy conditions and moves through various forms of life and death in our heliocentric universe. Learning from the unstable and mutually beneficial relationships that characterize actually existing forests, we scrutinize the chemical, social, and analogical meanings of solar-inflected respiration. As key mediators of sunlight and carbon, trees are often valued for the services they provide as so-called “planetary lungs” and carbon sinks in times of climate crisis. Interrogating the promises and perils of such utilitarian conceptualizations of the natural world, we consider the ways in which these co-called lungs are unevenly valued and cared for. With compromised conditions of livability across more-than-human social worlds shaped by colonial capitalism and ongoing histories of imperialism, we look to the ways that Indigenous, Black and other marginalized knowledge keepers engage with the notion of respiration in seeking a more just distribution of planetary breathability.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">What Fuels You?</TitleText>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Gretchen Bakke holds a Heisenberg Position at the Institute for European Ethnology and the Institute for Human-Environment Transitions at Humboldt University, Berlin and is a Visiting Fellow at the Max Planck Institute for the History of Science, also in Berlin. Bakke is the author of The Grid, a 2016 Bill Gates pick, and the ebullient 2020 ethnography The Likeness: Semblance and Self in Slovene Society. She is currently conducting research for a cultural history of the end of fossil fuels in and around the North Sea, leading The Global Mollusc Project at the Research Institute for Sustainability in Potsdam Germany and writing a series of very serious essays, collectively know as Minor Analytics.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Perhaps, a man name Thomas Turnbull once suggested, perverse economic models are the best way to contrive an economy not based on growth and profits. I have thought about this a lot, playfully. How might one cook up a reward structure for avoiding maxim bang for buck? How might increased efficiency become understood, systemically, as a bastardized version of human activity? How might extraction stop being a thing we do to ourselves (not to mention our planet entire)? Playfully, I took the efficiency of a solar panel (22% rather low all things considered) and turned it around and around in my head, a gobstopper of a percentage. How might that lowness become both metric and goal? What world would we live in if only 22% of our time and effort were directed toward productive work? What minor revolution might that point us toward? Not a goal of 'total this' or 'total that' but 'minor this' and 'minor that’ aimed at a slow attrition from neoliberal economics toward a blooming of a different sort. It should never be about the individual, but that is how I have written it, because to consider who one is, how one works, and what one aspires as if one were a lawnmower (or similar) is such a silly (and perfectly playful) idea.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Perhaps, a man name Thomas Turnbull once suggested, perverse economic models are the best way to contrive an economy not based on growth and profits. I have thought about this a lot, playfully. How might one cook up a reward structure for avoiding maxim bang for buck? How might increased efficiency become understood, systemically, as a bastardized version of human activity? How might extraction stop being a thing we do to ourselves (not to mention our planet entire)? Playfully, I took the efficiency of a solar panel (22% rather low all things considered) and turned it around and around in my head, a gobstopper of a percentage. How might that lowness become both metric and goal? What world would we live in if only 22% of our time and effort were directed toward productive work? What minor revolution might that point us toward? Not a goal of 'total this' or 'total that' but 'minor this' and 'minor that’ aimed at a slow attrition from neoliberal economics toward a blooming of a different sort. It should never be about the individual, but that is how I have written it, because to consider who one is, how one works, and what one aspires as if one were a lawnmower (or similar) is such a silly (and perfectly playful) idea.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Cara New Daggett is an Associate Professor in Political Science at Virginia Tech and a fellow at the Research Institute for Sustainability, Potsdam (2023–2024). Her research explores energy and ecological politics through a feminist framework. Her award-winning book, The Birth of Energy: Fossil Fuels, Thermodynamics, and the Politics of Work (Duke UP, 2019) investigates how the 19th-century science of energy informed Anglo-European empires by intesifying racist and patriarchal labor systems. More recently, her work explores the intersection of misogyny and intensive energy use, most notably in petro-masculinity among right-wing movements. With two colleagues, Christine Labuski and Shannon Bell, she formed the Mayapple Energy Transition Collective with the goal of envisioning feminist energy systems. Her work has been published in journals including Environmental Politics, Millennium: Journal of International Politics, and Energy Research &amp;amp; Social Science.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The abolition of fossil fuels requires more than new fuels to power modern pleasures. It also requires new subjectivities. Petro-people need to become solar subjects. Becoming solar subjects, and not just consumers of solar energy, means nurturing solarity as a way of life, a geo-theology. Theology might seem an odd emphasis for energy studies, but fossil fuels have a strong cosmological dimension that helps explain their grip on modern publics. The fossil sacred is capitalist work – that which moves matter to make a profit – in a presumed world of scarcity and struggle. The fossil evil is waste. Solarity is well-suited as a counter-theology to fossil fuels, as the sun neatly reverses fossil values. The sun is sinful according to fossil theology, offering itself abundantly with no concern for efficiency. As a political strategy, solar abundance – and not reduction – is also best equipped to counter the pleasures of fossil-fueled life. The ascetic approach to energy finds morality in foregoing energy expenditure, while solar abundance encourages better spending and giving. Both involve limits, but in worlds of abundance, the goal is to limit dangerous accumulation, and to appreciate how cooperative spending and sharing can generate more well-being.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The abolition of fossil fuels requires more than new fuels to power modern pleasures. It also requires new subjectivities. Petro-people need to become solar subjects. Becoming solar subjects, and not just consumers of solar energy, means nurturing solarity as a way of life, a geo-theology. Theology might seem an odd emphasis for energy studies, but fossil fuels have a strong cosmological dimension that helps explain their grip on modern publics. The fossil sacred is capitalist work – that which moves matter to make a profit – in a presumed world of scarcity and struggle. The fossil evil is waste. Solarity is well-suited as a counter-theology to fossil fuels, as the sun neatly reverses fossil values. The sun is sinful according to fossil theology, offering itself abundantly with no concern for efficiency. As a political strategy, solar abundance – and not reduction – is also best equipped to counter the pleasures of fossil-fueled life. The ascetic approach to energy finds morality in foregoing energy expenditure, while solar abundance encourages better spending and giving. Both involve limits, but in worlds of abundance, the goal is to limit dangerous accumulation, and to appreciate how cooperative spending and sharing can generate more well-being.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Exposure</TitleText>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Jason De León is a Professor of Anthropology and Chicana, Chicano, and Central American Studies at the University of California, Los Angeles and Executive Director of the Undocumented Migration Project, a 501(c)(3) organization focused on raising awareness about issues related to clandestine migration and assisting families of missing migrants search for their loved ones. De León is Head Curator of the ongoing global exhibition “Hostile Terrain 94” and author of “The Land of Open Graves: Living and Dying on the Migrant Trail.” His most recent book Soldiers and Kings: Survival and Hope in the World of Human Smuggling will be published by Viking Press in the Spring of 2024.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;"Exposure" examines the complicated relationship between the realities of clandestine migration and the use of photoethnography as a form of social science research. Through the concept of photography's "exposure triangle" (ISO, shutter speed, and lens aperture) I explore how the decisions regarding photographic practice, in particular the capturing of light, are linked in various ways to the difficult issues surrounding the representation of the violent experiences of migration along the U.S./Mexico border and beyond.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;"Exposure" examines the complicated relationship between the realities of clandestine migration and the use of photoethnography as a form of social science research. Through the concept of photography's "exposure triangle" (ISO, shutter speed, and lens aperture) I explore how the decisions regarding photographic practice, in particular the capturing of light, are linked in various ways to the difficult issues surrounding the representation of the violent experiences of migration along the U.S./Mexico border and beyond.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Concrete Solarities</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Cristián Simonetti</PersonName>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Cristián Simonetti is Associate Professor in Anthropology at the Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. His work has concentrated on how bodily gestures and environmental forces relate to notions of time in science. More recently he has engaged in collaborations across the sciences, arts, and humanities to explore the environmental properties of materials relevant to the Anthropocene. He is the author of Sentient Conceptualizations: Feeling for Time in the Sciences of the Past (Routledge, 2018), co-editor of Surfaces: Transformations of Body, Materials and Earth (Routledge, 2020), and co-editor of a special issue of the journal Theory, Culture &amp;amp; Society entitled “Solid Fluids. New Approaches to Materials and Meaning” (2022).&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Concrete is a material that substantiates key contradictions of contemporary urban life. This anthropic rock, the most abundant in earth history, not only materializes modern narratives of progress but is currently a candidate to mark the onset of the Anthropocene. Moreover, contrary to how it has been traditionally portrayed by the industry, as a synthetic product of modern ingenuity, concrete results from a deep planetary relationship between the Earth and the Sun; the very same relationship that has made the existence of life in this planet, as we know it, possible, including humans. Attending to contemporary dystopias of Chile’s neoliberal experiment in Santiago, this chapter addresses the importance of the relationship between sunlight and concrete for understanding the human condition in the Anthropocene.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Concrete is a material that substantiates key contradictions of contemporary urban life. This anthropic rock, the most abundant in earth history, not only materializes modern narratives of progress but is currently a candidate to mark the onset of the Anthropocene. Moreover, contrary to how it has been traditionally portrayed by the industry, as a synthetic product of modern ingenuity, concrete results from a deep planetary relationship between the Earth and the Sun; the very same relationship that has made the existence of life in this planet, as we know it, possible, including humans. Attending to contemporary dystopias of Chile’s neoliberal experiment in Santiago, this chapter addresses the importance of the relationship between sunlight and concrete for understanding the human condition in the Anthropocene.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <PersonName>Myles Lennon</PersonName>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Myles Lennon is an environmental anthropologist, Dean’s Assistant Professor of Environment &amp;amp; Society and Anthropology at Brown University, and a former sustainable energy policy practitioner. His first research project explores the intersectional dimensions of solar infrastructure in New York City, illuminating the sensorial and emotional power of renewable energy in a gentrifying skyline built on racial capitalism and threatened by climate collapse. He is currently conducting long-term research on young, Black land stewards’ complex efforts to navigate settler colonialism and redress white supremacy through land-based labor in the United States. His research has been supported by the US National Science Foundation, the Ford Foundation, and the Wenner-Gren Foundation.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This chapter draws from ethnographic research on solar energy activists in New York City to explore the unlikely preponderance of pastoral images of solar technology in a twenty-first century megacity. Why would activists focused on bringing renewable energy to urban communities aestheticize solar technology in rural landscapes bereft of humans? I respond to this line of inquiry by exploring the sun’s affective energy—its capacity to shape our imaginaries. I suggest that the sun’s shine on glossy solar panels enables us to imagine, feel, and pursue the technological natures of tomorrow—a vision that is often troublingly at-odds with the material realities of solar technologies.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This chapter draws from ethnographic research on solar energy activists in New York City to explore the unlikely preponderance of pastoral images of solar technology in a twenty-first century megacity. Why would activists focused on bringing renewable energy to urban communities aestheticize solar technology in rural landscapes bereft of humans? I respond to this line of inquiry by exploring the sun’s affective energy—its capacity to shape our imaginaries. I suggest that the sun’s shine on glossy solar panels enables us to imagine, feel, and pursue the technological natures of tomorrow—a vision that is often troublingly at-odds with the material realities of solar technologies.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Asolarity</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Weaponized Sunlight</Subtitle>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Nicole Starosielski, Professor of Media at New York University, is author or co-editor of over thirty articles and five books media, infrastructure, and environments, including: The Undersea Network (Duke UP, 2015), Media Hot and Cold (Duke UP, 2021), Signal Traffic: Critical Studies of Media Infrastructure (University of Illinois Press, 2015), Sustainable Media: Critical Approaches to Media and Environment (Routledge, 2016), and Assembly Codes: The Logistics of Media (Duke UP, 2021), as well as co-editor of the “Elements” series at Duke University Press. Starosielski’s most recent project involves working with the subsea cable industry — which lays the transnational links of the internet — to make digital infrastructures more sustainable.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Even as it is broadcast across the planet’s surface, sunlight is not an equally accessible resource. It is mediated by social practices that position some bodies in the sun, while depriving others of sunlight. Even if most phenomena are entangled with the sun, “solar media” refract these rays through a political topography, and as a result, sunlight manifests as social form. In this article, we discuss how solar violences not only work via exposure and overexposure, but also through the asolar, the creation of social forms in which sunlight is not only absent, but blocked as a means of inflicting bodily harm and social disaggregation. We focus on one site where the asolar has long been a means of violence: the prison. Describing a critical struggle against the South Carolina Department of Corrections, and the broader context of using solar media in solitary confinement, we explore how asolar environments have been weaponized. In turn, we argue that counter-mediations of sunlight made by those held captive articulate a re-distribution of sunlight as necessary to freedom.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Even as it is broadcast across the planet’s surface, sunlight is not an equally accessible resource. It is mediated by social practices that position some bodies in the sun, while depriving others of sunlight. Even if most phenomena are entangled with the sun, “solar media” refract these rays through a political topography, and as a result, sunlight manifests as social form. In this article, we discuss how solar violences not only work via exposure and overexposure, but also through the asolar, the creation of social forms in which sunlight is not only absent, but blocked as a means of inflicting bodily harm and social disaggregation. We focus on one site where the asolar has long been a means of violence: the prison. Describing a critical struggle against the South Carolina Department of Corrections, and the broader context of using solar media in solitary confinement, we explore how asolar environments have been weaponized. In turn, we argue that counter-mediations of sunlight made by those held captive articulate a re-distribution of sunlight as necessary to freedom.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Aylin Kuryel is an Assistant Professor at the Literary and Cultural Analysis department at the University of Amsterdam. Her research areas are nationalism, image politics, aesthetics/resistance, and politics of emotions. She is the co-editor of Cultural Activism: Practices, Dilemmas and Possibilities (Rodopi, 2010), Resistance and Aesthetics in the Age of Global Uprisings (Küresel Ayaklanmalar Çağında Direniş ve Estetik, Iletisim Press, 2015), Being Jewish in Turkey: A Dictionary of Experiences (Türkiye’de Yahudi Olmak: Bir Deneyim Sözlüğü, Iletisim Press, 2017), and Essays on Boredom (Sıkıntı Üzerine Denemeler, Iletisim Press, 2020). She has been involved in projects as an artist and is working as a documentary filmmaker. Among her documentaries are Translating Ulysses (2023), A Defense (2021), CemileSezgin (2020), The Balcony and Our Dreams (2020), Heads and Tails (2018), and Welcome Lenin (2016).&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The essay focuses on Arami Ullón’s film, Apenas el Sol (Nothing but the Sun,2020), which follows Mateo’s journey, through his forced removal from the forest and conversion to Christianity, one of the countless deracinated indigenous Ayoreo people of Paraguay. It analyzes the ways in which the film offers fragments of a collective contemplation on being uprooted through their shifting relations to the sun, both before and after the arrival of the missionaries in the late 50s and the early 60s. The essay, “Colonial Exposure”, thinks together with the film, to explore the ways in which the solar appears not as an infinity without context, nor as a metaphor, but as a material entity whose meaning and function change drastically throughout colonial history.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The essay focuses on Arami Ullón’s film, Apenas el Sol (Nothing but the Sun,2020), which follows Mateo’s journey, through his forced removal from the forest and conversion to Christianity, one of the countless deracinated indigenous Ayoreo people of Paraguay. It analyzes the ways in which the film offers fragments of a collective contemplation on being uprooted through their shifting relations to the sun, both before and after the arrival of the missionaries in the late 50s and the early 60s. The essay, “Colonial Exposure”, thinks together with the film, to explore the ways in which the solar appears not as an infinity without context, nor as a metaphor, but as a material entity whose meaning and function change drastically throughout colonial history.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <Subtitle language="eng">The Interrupting Surface</Subtitle>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Rhys Williams is a senior lecturer in Energy &amp;amp; Environmental Humanities at the University of Glasgow. His research focusses on the politics and poetics of infrastructure, energy and food futures. He’s recently published in South Atlantic Quarterly, Open Library of Humanities, and the New Routledge Companion to Science Fiction.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;A poetics of weightlessness and light, of being sheer surface without depth or footprint, has come to dominate popular, corporate, and activist representations of solar technologies. This chapter claims that this widespread uptake is due to solar’s narrative and aesthetic affordance as an interrupting surface, acting to break the purchase of history upon the present, and excusing imaginaries of the future from the need to engage with the past. This claim will be explored through three examples in the final season of Detectorists, a quirky British comedy whose homely realism casts solar’s usual future-oriented aesthetics into relief.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;A poetics of weightlessness and light, of being sheer surface without depth or footprint, has come to dominate popular, corporate, and activist representations of solar technologies. This chapter claims that this widespread uptake is due to solar’s narrative and aesthetic affordance as an interrupting surface, acting to break the purchase of history upon the present, and excusing imaginaries of the future from the need to engage with the past. This claim will be explored through three examples in the final season of Detectorists, a quirky British comedy whose homely realism casts solar’s usual future-oriented aesthetics into relief.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Daniel A. Barber is Professor of Architecture at the University of Technology Sydney (UTS). His research focuses on environmental dimensions of architecture’s past, present, and future. His latest book is Modern Architecture and Climate: Design before Air Conditioning (Princeton UP, 2020); see also the article “After Comfort” (Log 47, 2019), and A House in the Sun: Modern Architecture and Solar Energy in the Cold War (Oxford UP, 2016). Daniel has held academic positions and fellowships at Harvard, Penn, Princeton, and Yale, at the Instituto Universitário de Lisboa, the Max Planck Institute (Berlin), Rachel Carson Centre (Munich), and most recently as a Senior Research Fellow at the Centre for Apocalyptic and Post-Apocalyptic Studies (CAPAS) at the Universität Heidelberg. He received a 2022–23 Guggenheim Fellowship for his project Thermal Practices. Daniel co-edits Accumulation, an annual dossier of essays on the e-flux architecture online platform. He is the co-founder of the Current Collective for Architecture and Environmental History and is on the editorial board of the Journal of Architecture and Fabrications. He lectures globally, encouraging architects and others to consider their creative practice in the context of the climate emergency.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Since about 2010, a number of so-called supertall residential towers have arisen in Manhattan, puncturing the skyline. Referred to as pencil towers for their tall, skinny profile, these buildings represent the pinnacle of a contemporary form of architectural excess, a virtuosic expression of the financial machinations of the super-rich. They are also reliant on excessive carbon expenditures – tall, sealed buildings that cannot be lived in without mechanical heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning systems. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;What is especially suggestive, in the context of solarity, are the precise terms of that excess. Luxury and exclusivity are expressed in height, in proximity to the sun. And yet, the mechanical capacity to reach that height is served by a dramatic increase in mechanical conditioning derived carbon emissions. In this sense, the towers express, at least in a schematic, diagrammatic fashion, a more general condition: how concepts of value and innovation are caught up in the priorities of capital, making them difficult to align with the capacity for solar liberation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The essay reads these towers through the energy imaginaries of Gibson, Ghosh, and Bacigalupi, offering a counter model for how innovation in architecture can be and can resonates more equitably across social and ecological conditions.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Since about 2010, a number of so-called supertall residential towers have arisen in Manhattan, puncturing the skyline. Referred to as pencil towers for their tall, skinny profile, these buildings represent the pinnacle of a contemporary form of architectural excess, a virtuosic expression of the financial machinations of the super-rich. They are also reliant on excessive carbon expenditures – tall, sealed buildings that cannot be lived in without mechanical heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning systems. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;What is especially suggestive, in the context of solarity, are the precise terms of that excess. Luxury and exclusivity are expressed in height, in proximity to the sun. And yet, the mechanical capacity to reach that height is served by a dramatic increase in mechanical conditioning derived carbon emissions. In this sense, the towers express, at least in a schematic, diagrammatic fashion, a more general condition: how concepts of value and innovation are caught up in the priorities of capital, making them difficult to align with the capacity for solar liberation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The essay reads these towers through the energy imaginaries of Gibson, Ghosh, and Bacigalupi, offering a counter model for how innovation in architecture can be and can resonates more equitably across social and ecological conditions.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Landfill</TitleText>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Bob Johnson is author of Carbon Nation: Fossil Fuels in the Making of American Culture (UP Kansas, 2014) and Mineral Rites: An Archaeology of the Fossil Economy (Johns Hopkins UP, 2019). He is a Professor of History who has written widely on American culture, theory, and the environment with his work centered on the double helix of global warming and social justice. His current book project, “The Colonial Climate: How We Made (and Un-Made) the World’s Most Perfect Climate in San Diego, California, 1846–,” reconsiders the Southern California climate through the lens of actor-network theory in an effort re-position climate change as a product of colonial relations. He lives with his family in San Diego, California, home to the highest concentration of urban military assets in the world and what local marketers call “America’s Finest City.”&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This essay uses the modern landfill, a hyper-object that the anthropologist Joshua Reno terms the “constitutive absence” of modernity,” to explore the gaps, lacunae, and interstices of a waning era of fossil fuel dominance. In examining the landfill as something akin to the repressed ID of fossil capitalism, it brings into the exposure of the sun both the dark ideological recesses of liberalism and the literal material processes of late capitalism that work to systematically bury the material detritus and human wastage they produce out of sight. An intentional experiment in breaking the strictures of academic expository form, this essay also strives to reoccupy, at least momentarily, the symbolic spaces left behind by the internal contradictions of this decadent version of fossil capitalism we live amidst today. It takes that opportunity to imagine, at least in passing, what it might mean to reinhabit liberalism’s symbolic terrain by reorienting ourselves to a more sustainable alliance with nature centered on the sun and keyed more closely to a solidarity with others that might help us escape the wastefulness and destructive linearity of a transactional consumer culture that drives us further into global warming.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This essay uses the modern landfill, a hyper-object that the anthropologist Joshua Reno terms the “constitutive absence” of modernity,” to explore the gaps, lacunae, and interstices of a waning era of fossil fuel dominance. In examining the landfill as something akin to the repressed ID of fossil capitalism, it brings into the exposure of the sun both the dark ideological recesses of liberalism and the literal material processes of late capitalism that work to systematically bury the material detritus and human wastage they produce out of sight. An intentional experiment in breaking the strictures of academic expository form, this essay also strives to reoccupy, at least momentarily, the symbolic spaces left behind by the internal contradictions of this decadent version of fossil capitalism we live amidst today. It takes that opportunity to imagine, at least in passing, what it might mean to reinhabit liberalism’s symbolic terrain by reorienting ourselves to a more sustainable alliance with nature centered on the sun and keyed more closely to a solidarity with others that might help us escape the wastefulness and destructive linearity of a transactional consumer culture that drives us further into global warming.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Described as a “chameleon” by Carlo McCormick in the New York Times, Ganzeer operates seamlessly between art, design, and storytelling, creating what he has coined: Concept Pop. His medium of choice according to Artforum is “a little bit of everything: stencils, murals, paintings, pamphlets, comics, installations, and graphic design.” With over forty exhibitions to his name, Ganzeer’s work has been seen in a wide variety of art galleries, impromptu spaces, alleyways, and major museums around the world, such as The Brooklyn Museum in New York, The Palace of the Arts in Cairo, the Moody Center for the Arts in Houston, and the V&amp;amp;A in London. Ganzeer’s current projects include a short story collection titled Times New Human and a sci-fi graphic novel titled The Solar Grid, an elaborate work-in-progress which has awarded him a Global Thinker Award from Foreign Policy in 2016. He has been an artist-in-residence in Germany, Poland, Jordan, the Netherlands, and Finland, and has lived extensively in Cairo, New York, Los Angeles, Denver, and finally Houston — where he is now based.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;949 years after a catastrophic global flood, night has been consigned to legend by way of THE SOLAR GRID, a vast network of satellites that keeps the world basked in eternal daylight. The purpose of which is to counteract the effects of the flood, and power solar factories scattered across the globe to ceaselessly produce goods intended for export to Mars, where humanity's most fortunate has successfully relocated to. This is the setting within which this elaborate work of science fiction is set, where themes of post-colonialism, consumerism, capitalism, and race-relations are explored on a planet-faring scale&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;949 years after a catastrophic global flood, night has been consigned to legend by way of THE SOLAR GRID, a vast network of satellites that keeps the world basked in eternal daylight. The purpose of which is to counteract the effects of the flood, and power solar factories scattered across the globe to ceaselessly produce goods intended for export to Mars, where humanity's most fortunate has successfully relocated to. This is the setting within which this elaborate work of science fiction is set, where themes of post-colonialism, consumerism, capitalism, and race-relations are explored on a planet-faring scale&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">The Ray and the Flame, or, What It Takes for the Sun to Shine</TitleText>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Tim Ingold is Emeritus Professor of Social Anthropology at the University of Aberdeen. Following 25 years at the University of Manchester, where he was appointed Max Gluckman Professor of Social Anthropology in 1995, Ingold moved in 1999 to Aberdeen, where he established Scotland’s youngest Department of Anthropology. Ingold has carried out ethnographic fieldwork among Sámi and Finnish people in Lapland, and has written on comparative questions of environment, technology, and social organization in the circumpolar North, the role of animals in human society, issues in human ecology, and evolutionary theory in anthropology, biology, and history. He has gone on to explore the links between environmental perception and skilled practice, replacing traditional models of genetic and cultural transmission with a relational approach focusing on the growth of bodily skills of perception and action. Ingold’s current interests lie on the interface between anthropology, archaeology, art and architecture. His recent books include The Perception of the Environment (2000), Lines (2007), Being Alive (2011), Making (2013), The Life of Lines (2015), Anthropology and/as Education (2018), Anthropology: Why It Matters (2018), Correspondences (2020), and Imagining for Real (2022). Ingold is a Fellow of the British Academy and the Royal Society of Edinburgh. In 2022 he was made a CBE for services to Anthropology.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;For the sun to shine, it cannot be a distant cosmic object, or an emitter of energetic rays. Shining does not connect me, by a long straight line of transmission, to the sun. It rather carries on, in real time, along an axis orthogonal to this line. This is the temporal axis of sentient awareness in the midst of a world forever on the burn. The sun’s shining, rather than spanning an interval of transmission, endures in the glare of combustion. In our experience, the sun is its light, not a source of light, and in its shining it erupts into a vision that, far from having closed itself off from a world ‘out there’, has opened itself to the boundless sky. Thus sunlight does not arrive from afar but ignites in the consciousness of the seer who sees with it, with eyes bathed in its luminosity. But the sun doesn’t only illuminate our world; it warms us too. So do the flames of the fire. Ray and flame rest on wholly different ontologies of the sun and its light. As an emitter of rays, the sun is transcendental, but as a beaming fireball, it is elemental.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;For the sun to shine, it cannot be a distant cosmic object, or an emitter of energetic rays. Shining does not connect me, by a long straight line of transmission, to the sun. It rather carries on, in real time, along an axis orthogonal to this line. This is the temporal axis of sentient awareness in the midst of a world forever on the burn. The sun’s shining, rather than spanning an interval of transmission, endures in the glare of combustion. In our experience, the sun is its light, not a source of light, and in its shining it erupts into a vision that, far from having closed itself off from a world ‘out there’, has opened itself to the boundless sky. Thus sunlight does not arrive from afar but ignites in the consciousness of the seer who sees with it, with eyes bathed in its luminosity. But the sun doesn’t only illuminate our world; it warms us too. So do the flames of the fire. Ray and flame rest on wholly different ontologies of the sun and its light. As an emitter of rays, the sun is transcendental, but as a beaming fireball, it is elemental.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Tupilaq (In the Shadow of Solarity)</TitleText>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Amanda Boetzkes is Professor of Contemporary Art History and Theory at the University of Guelph. Her research focuses on the relationship between perception and representation, theories of consciousness, and ecology. She has analyzed complex human relationships with the environment through the lens of aesthetics, patterns of human waste, and the global energy economy. She is the author of Plastic Capitalism: Contemporary Art and the Drive to Waste (MIT Press, 2019), The Ethics of Earth Art (University of Minnesota Press, 2010), and a forthcoming book titled Ecologicity: Vision and the Planetarity of Art. Co-edited books include Artworks for Jellyfish (And Other Others) (Noxious Sector, 2022), Heidegger and the Work of Art History (Routledge, 2014), and a forthcoming volume on Art’s Realism in the Post-Truth Era (Edinburgh University Press, 2024). Currently, she is the principal investigator of At the Moraine, a multi-year, collaborative research project that studies the mediation and representation of global climate change, with a special focus on Indigenous territories of the circumpolar North.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This chapter considers “solarity” as an elemental agent that shapes the cultural regimes of the circumpolar North. I discuss how solar energy weathers the artifacts of the Thule people, the ancestors of the contemporary Inuit. The sun draws out the oils and bleaches the surfaces of Thule remains, yielding them up for use in the production of tools, commodities and archaeological objects of study. But where this process might be understood to neutralize the meaning of Thule artifacts, priming them for scientific study, I suggest otherwise. Following the lead of Inuit mythology, I locate solarity in its diurnal and seasonal interplay with other irreducible elements, as these overlap, transgress and withdraw from one another. This trajectory counteracts the technoscientific perspective at work in environmental archaeology, that would position cultural changes (from the Thule to the Inuit, specifically) as a passive adaptation to natural change. By contrast, I position solarity as a force that vitalizes material culture, its capacity to cast shadows and yield an account of artifacts beyond positivist frames. The insights of solarity come by way of reading its interaction with the moon, the night, with bone and sinew, with land and water, tools and carvings, climate changes, animal migrations, and the forced displacement of the circumpolar Inuit.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This chapter considers “solarity” as an elemental agent that shapes the cultural regimes of the circumpolar North. I discuss how solar energy weathers the artifacts of the Thule people, the ancestors of the contemporary Inuit. The sun draws out the oils and bleaches the surfaces of Thule remains, yielding them up for use in the production of tools, commodities and archaeological objects of study. But where this process might be understood to neutralize the meaning of Thule artifacts, priming them for scientific study, I suggest otherwise. Following the lead of Inuit mythology, I locate solarity in its diurnal and seasonal interplay with other irreducible elements, as these overlap, transgress and withdraw from one another. This trajectory counteracts the technoscientific perspective at work in environmental archaeology, that would position cultural changes (from the Thule to the Inuit, specifically) as a passive adaptation to natural change. By contrast, I position solarity as a force that vitalizes material culture, its capacity to cast shadows and yield an account of artifacts beyond positivist frames. The insights of solarity come by way of reading its interaction with the moon, the night, with bone and sinew, with land and water, tools and carvings, climate changes, animal migrations, and the forced displacement of the circumpolar Inuit.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">The Kiln</TitleText>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Kim Förster is an architectural historian, teaching and researching at the University of Manchester as a member of MARG (Manchester Architecture Research Group). Having earned his doctorate in architecture at ETH Zurich in 2011, he was Associate Director of Research at the Canadian Centre for Architecture from 2016 to 2018, where he led the multidisciplinary research project “Architecture and/for the Environment” as part of the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation’s “Architecture, Urbanism, and the Humanities Initiative.” He taught at ETH’s Institute gta, in the Doctoral Program for the History and Theory of Architecture, and as a visiting professor at EPFL Lausanne. His research and teaching focus on an environmental, energy, and material history, particularly a global history of cement. Förster has published on environmental topics in Architectural Histories, Candide, Werk, Bauen + Wohnen; he contributed to the Routledge Companion to Architecture and Social Engagement (2018), to Überbau: Produktionsverhältnisse der Architektur im Anthropozän (Universitätsverlag TU Berlin, 2021), and to Beyond Concrete (Triest Verlag, 2022). A member of common room, in 2022 300 solarities co-curated “Disquietude: Architecture and Energy in Portugal” and co-edited a book with the same title. Förster edited the “Environmental Histories of Architecture” series for the CCA(Library Stack, 2022–23).&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This chapter, in dialogue with the energy humanities task of thinking transition, attempts to undo cement by assessing material transformation in the cement kiln. Portland cement, a bulk commodity that has been a critical building material in the concrete mix throughout the 20th century (along to gravel, sand and water, all of which are now recognized scarce), is seen as problematic, even destructive, in times of climate emergency because the production process in industrial cement plants itself contributes significantly to global carbon emissions. As key sites of Anthropocene metabolism, the global web of kilns become object and narrative device of architectural and environmental histories, and indeed the humanities to address and expose modern tropes of growth and progress. From an elemental perspective the kiln burns not only fossil fuels, and today so-called alternative fuels; the chemical process itself, as known through patent history, relies on the fact that half of the carbon dioxide is released during the calcination process. Since the emissions come from the raw meal itself, it is argued, any solar project, social, ecological, and economic, as well as cultural would have to rethink the kiln, since innovation in admixtures and fuels only prolong the existing cement regime.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This chapter, in dialogue with the energy humanities task of thinking transition, attempts to undo cement by assessing material transformation in the cement kiln. Portland cement, a bulk commodity that has been a critical building material in the concrete mix throughout the 20th century (along to gravel, sand and water, all of which are now recognized scarce), is seen as problematic, even destructive, in times of climate emergency because the production process in industrial cement plants itself contributes significantly to global carbon emissions. As key sites of Anthropocene metabolism, the global web of kilns become object and narrative device of architectural and environmental histories, and indeed the humanities to address and expose modern tropes of growth and progress. From an elemental perspective the kiln burns not only fossil fuels, and today so-called alternative fuels; the chemical process itself, as known through patent history, relies on the fact that half of the carbon dioxide is released during the calcination process. Since the emissions come from the raw meal itself, it is argued, any solar project, social, ecological, and economic, as well as cultural would have to rethink the kiln, since innovation in admixtures and fuels only prolong the existing cement regime.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Twilight</TitleText>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Dominic Boyer is an anthropologist, media maker, and environmental researcher who teaches at Rice University where he served as Founding Director of the Center for Energy and Environmental Research in the Human Sciences (2013–19). His most recent books are Energopolitics (Duke UP, 2019), which analyzes the politics of wind power development in Southern Mexico, and Hyposubjects (Open Humanities Press, 2021), an experimental collaboration with Timothy Morton concerning politics in the Anthropocene. With Cymene Howe, he made a documentary film about Iceland’s first major glacier (Okjökull) lost to climate change, Not Ok: A Little Movie about a Small Glacier at the End of the World (2018). In August 2019, together with Icelandic collaborators, they installed a memorial to Okjökull’s passing, an event that attracted media attention from around the world and which caused The Economist to create their first-ever obituary for a non-human. His next book is titled No More Fossils (University of Minnesota Press, 2023) a discussion of fossil fuel fossils and what is to be done about them.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Twilight is a one-scene play about the situations in which and the emotions with which we find ourselves in the climate emergency.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Twilight is a one-scene play about the situations in which and the emotions with which we find ourselves in the climate emergency.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Tires</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Caroline Levander</PersonName>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Caroline Levander holds an endowed chair in the humanities at Rice and serves on Rice University’s senior leadership team as a vice president. As the author of five books and numerous articles on American cultural history, she has deep expertise on the long history and politics of American life. Her leadership portfolio focuses on educational innovation, strategic growth, new revenue streams, and digital transformation, all with a focus on global impact. Beyond Rice, she serves on numerous ed tech advisory boards including the Coursera Council and 2U/EdX Advisory Council and is Vice Chair of the Fulbright Association Board of Directors. The ed tech company that she co-founded in 2020 was acquired by Honor Education in 2022 where she is a senior advisor.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This chapter synthesizes the life, work, and philosophy of Mike Reynolds, one-time architect and founder of the Earthship Movement based in Taos, New Mexico. For Reynolds tires are the biggest and the single most ubiquitous natural resource in the world and therefore an effective raw material for Reynolds' off the grid biotecture communities of habitations that are known as ‘earthships.’  This article is a synthesis of the author's interview Reynolds in 2021.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This chapter synthesizes the life, work, and philosophy of Mike Reynolds, one-time architect and founder of the Earthship Movement based in Taos, New Mexico. For Reynolds tires are the biggest and the single most ubiquitous natural resource in the world and therefore an effective raw material for Reynolds' off the grid biotecture communities of habitations that are known as ‘earthships.’  This article is a synthesis of the author's interview Reynolds in 2021.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Sarah Besky is an anthropologist and Associate Professor in the ILR School at Cornell University. She is the author of The Darjeeling Distinction: Labor and Justice on Fair-Trade Tea Plantations in India (2014) and Tasting Qualities: The Past and Future of Tea (2020), both with the University of California Press, as well as the co-editor of How Nature Works: Rethinking Labor on a Troubled Planet (SAR Press, 2019). Her current research examines the past and present of small-scale farming in India’s eastern Himalayas.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Across the globe, as air temperatures steadily climb, so too do ocean temperatures. This rise is particularly acute in New England. Temperatures in the Gulf of Maine have risen nearly 2 degrees Fahrenheit in the past century. Warming waters have meant that once-plentiful species—lobsters most prominent among them—are moving to colder northern waters.  With fewer and fewer lobsters to catch, lobster fishing in southern New England is no longer financially viable. Those still making a living from the ocean must find different species to exploit. As New England fisheries collapse, seaweed appears as a hopeful alternative.  This essay asks, What is regenerated in “regenerative ocean farming” projects, in which seaweed is a key figure?  A critical reflection on the turn to seaweed in the context of climate crisis and highlights how seaweed’s potentiality—as healthy food, biofuel, binding agent, carbon sink, and a hopeful alternative to depleted ocean industries—rearticulates capitalist logics of productivism, gender inequality, and settler colonial property relations. Solar-based and “green” economies still operate on economic grammars rooted in the forms of extraction to which they serve as a foil and a regenerative alternative.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Across the globe, as air temperatures steadily climb, so too do ocean temperatures. This rise is particularly acute in New England. Temperatures in the Gulf of Maine have risen nearly 2 degrees Fahrenheit in the past century. Warming waters have meant that once-plentiful species—lobsters most prominent among them—are moving to colder northern waters.  With fewer and fewer lobsters to catch, lobster fishing in southern New England is no longer financially viable. Those still making a living from the ocean must find different species to exploit. As New England fisheries collapse, seaweed appears as a hopeful alternative.  This essay asks, What is regenerated in “regenerative ocean farming” projects, in which seaweed is a key figure?  A critical reflection on the turn to seaweed in the context of climate crisis and highlights how seaweed’s potentiality—as healthy food, biofuel, binding agent, carbon sink, and a hopeful alternative to depleted ocean industries—rearticulates capitalist logics of productivism, gender inequality, and settler colonial property relations. Solar-based and “green” economies still operate on economic grammars rooted in the forms of extraction to which they serve as a foil and a regenerative alternative.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This chapter examines solarity as it manifests in coral restoration efforts in The Bahamas.  Utilizing three examples, 1) a for-profit venture for growing coral fragments, 2) a private island tourism destination, and 3) a mega resort, Moore describes “colonial/corporate sun” as a means to harvest solar energies through coral-based extractive economies.  Moore then contrasts these efforts with an example of “ocean love”, led by a Bahamian woman whose coral-based work is grounded in community resilience and survival, connecting her work to larger Diasporic conversations around the Middle Passage, Black marine life, and disruptive ways of imagining and living in the world.  Far from the “blue economy”, this process by which coral restoration can come to anchor emergent and resistant solarian materialities of knowing and being in the Caribbean, is an instantiation of the “Black Atlantis”.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This chapter examines solarity as it manifests in coral restoration efforts in The Bahamas.  Utilizing three examples, 1) a for-profit venture for growing coral fragments, 2) a private island tourism destination, and 3) a mega resort, Moore describes “colonial/corporate sun” as a means to harvest solar energies through coral-based extractive economies.  Moore then contrasts these efforts with an example of “ocean love”, led by a Bahamian woman whose coral-based work is grounded in community resilience and survival, connecting her work to larger Diasporic conversations around the Middle Passage, Black marine life, and disruptive ways of imagining and living in the world.  Far from the “blue economy”, this process by which coral restoration can come to anchor emergent and resistant solarian materialities of knowing and being in the Caribbean, is an instantiation of the “Black Atlantis”.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Solarities: Elemental Encounters and Refractions is a transdiciplinary essay collection that explores the physical, conceptual, and political possibilities materialized by “solarity”— a form of relation to the sun and its elemental force upon planetary life. The authors propose that a different set of questions becomes possible when the material specificities of solar become the compass for thought, prompting us to uncover our relationship to the sun. How does solarity materialize in the bodies and lives of humans and non-humans now and in the future? What can we learn if we no longer take the sun for granted? How do we continue to persist on a planet that is so intimately bound up in a state of love, fear, and dependence on this primary source of all living energy? Each of the essays in Solarities take solar radiation as an interpretive lens that takes multiple forms, often transforming as it does so.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Solarities draws inspiration from Black ecologies, Indigenous philosophy, feminist science &amp;amp; technology studies, and more-than-human discussions in the human sciences, recognizing the phenomenological and ontological openings they make available. The authors understand solarity as an energy source (channeled through photovoltaic cells, for example), but the essays gathered here focus on the lives that solarity creates or impedes. The experimental task is to find how solarities work their way into materials and processes across our work, seeking out the particular influences of solarity in making being(s). These relations are core to thinking the elemental conditions of solarity, since it is through particular forms of focalizing the sun that life is sustained, or made to wither, across the planet.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In these ways, the elemental condition of solarity is at once hyper-particular and also shared across organic and inorganic bodies, conditioned by physical form and material composition. Throughout the collection, the authors explore how solarity appears or recedes from view when we concentrate our attentions on it, surfacing the existential omnipresence of the sun to open new thought possibilities, inspire new actions, and refract new dimensions of socionatural encounter.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Solarities: Elemental Encounters and Refractions is a transdiciplinary essay collection that explores the physical, conceptual, and political possibilities materialized by “solarity”— a form of relation to the sun and its elemental force upon planetary life. The authors propose that a different set of questions becomes possible when the material specificities of solar become the compass for thought, prompting us to uncover our relationship to the sun. How does solarity materialize in the bodies and lives of humans and non-humans now and in the future? What can we learn if we no longer take the sun for granted? How do we continue to persist on a planet that is so intimately bound up in a state of love, fear, and dependence on this primary source of all living energy? Each of the essays in Solarities take solar radiation as an interpretive lens that takes multiple forms, often transforming as it does so.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Solarities draws inspiration from Black ecologies, Indigenous philosophy, feminist science &amp;amp; technology studies, and more-than-human discussions in the human sciences, recognizing the phenomenological and ontological openings they make available. The authors understand solarity as an energy source (channeled through photovoltaic cells, for example), but the essays gathered here focus on the lives that solarity creates or impedes. The experimental task is to find how solarities work their way into materials and processes across our work, seeking out the particular influences of solarity in making being(s). These relations are core to thinking the elemental conditions of solarity, since it is through particular forms of focalizing the sun that life is sustained, or made to wither, across the planet.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In these ways, the elemental condition of solarity is at once hyper-particular and also shared across organic and inorganic bodies, conditioned by physical form and material composition. Throughout the collection, the authors explore how solarity appears or recedes from view when we concentrate our attentions on it, surfacing the existential omnipresence of the sun to open new thought possibilities, inspire new actions, and refract new dimensions of socionatural encounter.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This piece invites the reader to think about their skin as a surface to glean information about identity, disease, and life on earth. Through exposing the process of having a mole removed by a surgeon, and a follow-up from the dermatologist, the piece discusses the relationship between skin and sun; the warnings about UV exposure, the narratives about genetics and personal responsibility, the fallout and recovery of medical interventions, and the new meanings made possible about the sun itself, through a careful consideration of skin as a medium that absorbs and reflects it.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Aster Hoving is a doctoral researcher in Environmental Humanities with the Greenhouse Center for Environmental Humanities at the University of Stavanger. Her PhD project “Ocean Energies” investigates how energy companies, scientists, and artists engage with the ocean’s energies. Previously, Aster studied at Utrecht University, the University of Amsterdam, UC Berkeley, and New York University. Her master’s thesis “Elemental Aesthetics” received the Faculty of Humanities UvA Thesis Prize 2021 and in 2023 she was awarded the inaugural British Council Scotland SGSAH EARTH Scholarship for research at the University of Glasgow. Aster’s published work can be found on the website Environmental History Now (2021).&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This essay traces the seasonal and diurnal rhythms of chlorophyll, the pigment that makes the leaves of plants appear green, to develop an elemental analysis of solar energy infrastructures. I explore the temporal, material, and conceptual affordances of chlorophyll through poetic and visual artworks that evoke the changing availability of sunlight reaching the earth. Attending to chlorophyll, I argue, demonstrates how fantasies of unlimited solar energy depend on efforts to seize permanent access and exposure to the sun. While colossal infrastructure projects covering or even transcending the earth aim to turn the sun into an unlimited profitable resource, chlorophyll makes perceptible embod&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This essay traces the seasonal and diurnal rhythms of chlorophyll, the pigment that makes the leaves of plants appear green, to develop an elemental analysis of solar energy infrastructures. I explore the temporal, material, and conceptual affordances of chlorophyll through poetic and visual artworks that evoke the changing availability of sunlight reaching the earth. Attending to chlorophyll, I argue, demonstrates how fantasies of unlimited solar energy depend on efforts to seize permanent access and exposure to the sun. While colossal infrastructure projects covering or even transcending the earth aim to turn the sun into an unlimited profitable resource, chlorophyll makes perceptible embod&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Bloom</TitleText>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Jeff Diamanti is Assistant Professor of Environmental Humanities (Cultural Analysis &amp;amp; Philosophy) at the University of Amsterdam. In 2016–17 he was the Media@McGill Postdoctoral Fellow in Media and the Environment where he co-convened the international colloquium on Climate Realism, the results of which appear in a book collection on Routledge and a double issue of Resilience. His first book, Climate and Capital in the Age of Petroleum: Locating Terminal Landscapes (Bloomsbury 2021), tracks the political and media ecology of fossil fuels across the extractive and logistical spaces that connect remote territories like Greenland to the economies of North America and Western Europe. His new research, Bloom Ecologies, details the return to natural philosophy in the marine and atmospheric sciences studying the interactive dynamics of the cryosphere and hydrosphere in the North Atlantic and Arctic Ocean. He co-directs the ASCA Political Ecologies Seminar with Joost de Bloois, and with Amanda Boetzkes, he co-organizes “At the Moraine,” an ongoing research project on the political ecology of glacial retreat in the Arctic. With Fred Carter, he co-directs the Field­ARTS arts and science residency in Amsterdam, Netherlands.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This essay tracks the solar relations embedded in the short and long phosphorous cycle, tracking the bodies, bonds, and supply chains that connect its extraction in the occupied Western Sahara to planetary bloom ecologies. While phosphorous rarely contends with fossil fuels in the environmental imaginary, I argue that its role in supporting capital and corporeal accumulation in the long 20th century is as central to future ecologies as the fuels subtending petroculture.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This essay tracks the solar relations embedded in the short and long phosphorous cycle, tracking the bodies, bonds, and supply chains that connect its extraction in the occupied Western Sahara to planetary bloom ecologies. While phosphorous rarely contends with fossil fuels in the environmental imaginary, I argue that its role in supporting capital and corporeal accumulation in the long 20th century is as central to future ecologies as the fuels subtending petroculture.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Respiration</TitleText>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This chapter thinks with respiration as an elemental process of chemical exchange engendered by solarity in forest ecosystems. While photosynthesis converts sunlight into usable energy through carbon capture, respiration is the process of release and decay that makes these ecosystems sites of symbiosis. Attuned to solarity, we follow stories of how such energy conditions and moves through various forms of life and death in our heliocentric universe. Learning from the unstable and mutually beneficial relationships that characterize actually existing forests, we scrutinize the chemical, social, and analogical meanings of solar-inflected respiration. As key mediators of sunlight and carbon, trees are often valued for the services they provide as so-called “planetary lungs” and carbon sinks in times of climate crisis. Interrogating the promises and perils of such utilitarian conceptualizations of the natural world, we consider the ways in which these co-called lungs are unevenly valued and cared for. With compromised conditions of livability across more-than-human social worlds shaped by colonial capitalism and ongoing histories of imperialism, we look to the ways that Indigenous, Black and other marginalized knowledge keepers engage with the notion of respiration in seeking a more just distribution of planetary breathability.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This chapter thinks with respiration as an elemental process of chemical exchange engendered by solarity in forest ecosystems. While photosynthesis converts sunlight into usable energy through carbon capture, respiration is the process of release and decay that makes these ecosystems sites of symbiosis. Attuned to solarity, we follow stories of how such energy conditions and moves through various forms of life and death in our heliocentric universe. Learning from the unstable and mutually beneficial relationships that characterize actually existing forests, we scrutinize the chemical, social, and analogical meanings of solar-inflected respiration. As key mediators of sunlight and carbon, trees are often valued for the services they provide as so-called “planetary lungs” and carbon sinks in times of climate crisis. Interrogating the promises and perils of such utilitarian conceptualizations of the natural world, we consider the ways in which these co-called lungs are unevenly valued and cared for. With compromised conditions of livability across more-than-human social worlds shaped by colonial capitalism and ongoing histories of imperialism, we look to the ways that Indigenous, Black and other marginalized knowledge keepers engage with the notion of respiration in seeking a more just distribution of planetary breathability.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">What Fuels You?</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Gretchen Bakke</PersonName>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Gretchen Bakke holds a Heisenberg Position at the Institute for European Ethnology and the Institute for Human-Environment Transitions at Humboldt University, Berlin and is a Visiting Fellow at the Max Planck Institute for the History of Science, also in Berlin. Bakke is the author of The Grid, a 2016 Bill Gates pick, and the ebullient 2020 ethnography The Likeness: Semblance and Self in Slovene Society. She is currently conducting research for a cultural history of the end of fossil fuels in and around the North Sea, leading The Global Mollusc Project at the Research Institute for Sustainability in Potsdam Germany and writing a series of very serious essays, collectively know as Minor Analytics.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Perhaps, a man name Thomas Turnbull once suggested, perverse economic models are the best way to contrive an economy not based on growth and profits. I have thought about this a lot, playfully. How might one cook up a reward structure for avoiding maxim bang for buck? How might increased efficiency become understood, systemically, as a bastardized version of human activity? How might extraction stop being a thing we do to ourselves (not to mention our planet entire)? Playfully, I took the efficiency of a solar panel (22% rather low all things considered) and turned it around and around in my head, a gobstopper of a percentage. How might that lowness become both metric and goal? What world would we live in if only 22% of our time and effort were directed toward productive work? What minor revolution might that point us toward? Not a goal of 'total this' or 'total that' but 'minor this' and 'minor that’ aimed at a slow attrition from neoliberal economics toward a blooming of a different sort. It should never be about the individual, but that is how I have written it, because to consider who one is, how one works, and what one aspires as if one were a lawnmower (or similar) is such a silly (and perfectly playful) idea.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Perhaps, a man name Thomas Turnbull once suggested, perverse economic models are the best way to contrive an economy not based on growth and profits. I have thought about this a lot, playfully. How might one cook up a reward structure for avoiding maxim bang for buck? How might increased efficiency become understood, systemically, as a bastardized version of human activity? How might extraction stop being a thing we do to ourselves (not to mention our planet entire)? Playfully, I took the efficiency of a solar panel (22% rather low all things considered) and turned it around and around in my head, a gobstopper of a percentage. How might that lowness become both metric and goal? What world would we live in if only 22% of our time and effort were directed toward productive work? What minor revolution might that point us toward? Not a goal of 'total this' or 'total that' but 'minor this' and 'minor that’ aimed at a slow attrition from neoliberal economics toward a blooming of a different sort. It should never be about the individual, but that is how I have written it, because to consider who one is, how one works, and what one aspires as if one were a lawnmower (or similar) is such a silly (and perfectly playful) idea.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">A Politics of Solar Abundance</TitleText>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Cara New Daggett is an Associate Professor in Political Science at Virginia Tech and a fellow at the Research Institute for Sustainability, Potsdam (2023–2024). Her research explores energy and ecological politics through a feminist framework. Her award-winning book, The Birth of Energy: Fossil Fuels, Thermodynamics, and the Politics of Work (Duke UP, 2019) investigates how the 19th-century science of energy informed Anglo-European empires by intesifying racist and patriarchal labor systems. More recently, her work explores the intersection of misogyny and intensive energy use, most notably in petro-masculinity among right-wing movements. With two colleagues, Christine Labuski and Shannon Bell, she formed the Mayapple Energy Transition Collective with the goal of envisioning feminist energy systems. Her work has been published in journals including Environmental Politics, Millennium: Journal of International Politics, and Energy Research &amp;amp; Social Science.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The abolition of fossil fuels requires more than new fuels to power modern pleasures. It also requires new subjectivities. Petro-people need to become solar subjects. Becoming solar subjects, and not just consumers of solar energy, means nurturing solarity as a way of life, a geo-theology. Theology might seem an odd emphasis for energy studies, but fossil fuels have a strong cosmological dimension that helps explain their grip on modern publics. The fossil sacred is capitalist work – that which moves matter to make a profit – in a presumed world of scarcity and struggle. The fossil evil is waste. Solarity is well-suited as a counter-theology to fossil fuels, as the sun neatly reverses fossil values. The sun is sinful according to fossil theology, offering itself abundantly with no concern for efficiency. As a political strategy, solar abundance – and not reduction – is also best equipped to counter the pleasures of fossil-fueled life. The ascetic approach to energy finds morality in foregoing energy expenditure, while solar abundance encourages better spending and giving. Both involve limits, but in worlds of abundance, the goal is to limit dangerous accumulation, and to appreciate how cooperative spending and sharing can generate more well-being.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The abolition of fossil fuels requires more than new fuels to power modern pleasures. It also requires new subjectivities. Petro-people need to become solar subjects. Becoming solar subjects, and not just consumers of solar energy, means nurturing solarity as a way of life, a geo-theology. Theology might seem an odd emphasis for energy studies, but fossil fuels have a strong cosmological dimension that helps explain their grip on modern publics. The fossil sacred is capitalist work – that which moves matter to make a profit – in a presumed world of scarcity and struggle. The fossil evil is waste. Solarity is well-suited as a counter-theology to fossil fuels, as the sun neatly reverses fossil values. The sun is sinful according to fossil theology, offering itself abundantly with no concern for efficiency. As a political strategy, solar abundance – and not reduction – is also best equipped to counter the pleasures of fossil-fueled life. The ascetic approach to energy finds morality in foregoing energy expenditure, while solar abundance encourages better spending and giving. Both involve limits, but in worlds of abundance, the goal is to limit dangerous accumulation, and to appreciate how cooperative spending and sharing can generate more well-being.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Exposure</TitleText>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Jason De León is a Professor of Anthropology and Chicana, Chicano, and Central American Studies at the University of California, Los Angeles and Executive Director of the Undocumented Migration Project, a 501(c)(3) organization focused on raising awareness about issues related to clandestine migration and assisting families of missing migrants search for their loved ones. De León is Head Curator of the ongoing global exhibition “Hostile Terrain 94” and author of “The Land of Open Graves: Living and Dying on the Migrant Trail.” His most recent book Soldiers and Kings: Survival and Hope in the World of Human Smuggling will be published by Viking Press in the Spring of 2024.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;"Exposure" examines the complicated relationship between the realities of clandestine migration and the use of photoethnography as a form of social science research. Through the concept of photography's "exposure triangle" (ISO, shutter speed, and lens aperture) I explore how the decisions regarding photographic practice, in particular the capturing of light, are linked in various ways to the difficult issues surrounding the representation of the violent experiences of migration along the U.S./Mexico border and beyond.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;"Exposure" examines the complicated relationship between the realities of clandestine migration and the use of photoethnography as a form of social science research. Through the concept of photography's "exposure triangle" (ISO, shutter speed, and lens aperture) I explore how the decisions regarding photographic practice, in particular the capturing of light, are linked in various ways to the difficult issues surrounding the representation of the violent experiences of migration along the U.S./Mexico border and beyond.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Cristián Simonetti is Associate Professor in Anthropology at the Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. His work has concentrated on how bodily gestures and environmental forces relate to notions of time in science. More recently he has engaged in collaborations across the sciences, arts, and humanities to explore the environmental properties of materials relevant to the Anthropocene. He is the author of Sentient Conceptualizations: Feeling for Time in the Sciences of the Past (Routledge, 2018), co-editor of Surfaces: Transformations of Body, Materials and Earth (Routledge, 2020), and co-editor of a special issue of the journal Theory, Culture &amp;amp; Society entitled “Solid Fluids. New Approaches to Materials and Meaning” (2022).&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Concrete is a material that substantiates key contradictions of contemporary urban life. This anthropic rock, the most abundant in earth history, not only materializes modern narratives of progress but is currently a candidate to mark the onset of the Anthropocene. Moreover, contrary to how it has been traditionally portrayed by the industry, as a synthetic product of modern ingenuity, concrete results from a deep planetary relationship between the Earth and the Sun; the very same relationship that has made the existence of life in this planet, as we know it, possible, including humans. Attending to contemporary dystopias of Chile’s neoliberal experiment in Santiago, this chapter addresses the importance of the relationship between sunlight and concrete for understanding the human condition in the Anthropocene.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Concrete is a material that substantiates key contradictions of contemporary urban life. This anthropic rock, the most abundant in earth history, not only materializes modern narratives of progress but is currently a candidate to mark the onset of the Anthropocene. Moreover, contrary to how it has been traditionally portrayed by the industry, as a synthetic product of modern ingenuity, concrete results from a deep planetary relationship between the Earth and the Sun; the very same relationship that has made the existence of life in this planet, as we know it, possible, including humans. Attending to contemporary dystopias of Chile’s neoliberal experiment in Santiago, this chapter addresses the importance of the relationship between sunlight and concrete for understanding the human condition in the Anthropocene.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Affective Energy</TitleText>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Myles Lennon is an environmental anthropologist, Dean’s Assistant Professor of Environment &amp;amp; Society and Anthropology at Brown University, and a former sustainable energy policy practitioner. His first research project explores the intersectional dimensions of solar infrastructure in New York City, illuminating the sensorial and emotional power of renewable energy in a gentrifying skyline built on racial capitalism and threatened by climate collapse. He is currently conducting long-term research on young, Black land stewards’ complex efforts to navigate settler colonialism and redress white supremacy through land-based labor in the United States. His research has been supported by the US National Science Foundation, the Ford Foundation, and the Wenner-Gren Foundation.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This chapter draws from ethnographic research on solar energy activists in New York City to explore the unlikely preponderance of pastoral images of solar technology in a twenty-first century megacity. Why would activists focused on bringing renewable energy to urban communities aestheticize solar technology in rural landscapes bereft of humans? I respond to this line of inquiry by exploring the sun’s affective energy—its capacity to shape our imaginaries. I suggest that the sun’s shine on glossy solar panels enables us to imagine, feel, and pursue the technological natures of tomorrow—a vision that is often troublingly at-odds with the material realities of solar technologies.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This chapter draws from ethnographic research on solar energy activists in New York City to explore the unlikely preponderance of pastoral images of solar technology in a twenty-first century megacity. Why would activists focused on bringing renewable energy to urban communities aestheticize solar technology in rural landscapes bereft of humans? I respond to this line of inquiry by exploring the sun’s affective energy—its capacity to shape our imaginaries. I suggest that the sun’s shine on glossy solar panels enables us to imagine, feel, and pursue the technological natures of tomorrow—a vision that is often troublingly at-odds with the material realities of solar technologies.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Asolarity</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Weaponized Sunlight</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Ian J. Alexander</PersonName>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Ian J. Alexander is a writer and educator from Clarion County, Pennsylvania. He studies the history of the US prison regime, revolutionary and abolitionist prisoners’ movements, and media histories. In his research, he approaches media and media technologies as sites of struggle inside prisons and across prison walls. By looking at technologies such as radio, television, mail, digital tablets, telephones, and isolation chambers variously as tools of oppression, reform, and liberation, his work brings critical prison studies and abolitionist methods together with media studies and media history. Ian is currently a visiting lecturer in the Department of American Studies at Wellesley College.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <PersonName>Nicole Starosielski</PersonName>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Nicole Starosielski, Professor of Media at New York University, is author or co-editor of over thirty articles and five books media, infrastructure, and environments, including: The Undersea Network (Duke UP, 2015), Media Hot and Cold (Duke UP, 2021), Signal Traffic: Critical Studies of Media Infrastructure (University of Illinois Press, 2015), Sustainable Media: Critical Approaches to Media and Environment (Routledge, 2016), and Assembly Codes: The Logistics of Media (Duke UP, 2021), as well as co-editor of the “Elements” series at Duke University Press. Starosielski’s most recent project involves working with the subsea cable industry — which lays the transnational links of the internet — to make digital infrastructures more sustainable.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Even as it is broadcast across the planet’s surface, sunlight is not an equally accessible resource. It is mediated by social practices that position some bodies in the sun, while depriving others of sunlight. Even if most phenomena are entangled with the sun, “solar media” refract these rays through a political topography, and as a result, sunlight manifests as social form. In this article, we discuss how solar violences not only work via exposure and overexposure, but also through the asolar, the creation of social forms in which sunlight is not only absent, but blocked as a means of inflicting bodily harm and social disaggregation. We focus on one site where the asolar has long been a means of violence: the prison. Describing a critical struggle against the South Carolina Department of Corrections, and the broader context of using solar media in solitary confinement, we explore how asolar environments have been weaponized. In turn, we argue that counter-mediations of sunlight made by those held captive articulate a re-distribution of sunlight as necessary to freedom.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Even as it is broadcast across the planet’s surface, sunlight is not an equally accessible resource. It is mediated by social practices that position some bodies in the sun, while depriving others of sunlight. Even if most phenomena are entangled with the sun, “solar media” refract these rays through a political topography, and as a result, sunlight manifests as social form. In this article, we discuss how solar violences not only work via exposure and overexposure, but also through the asolar, the creation of social forms in which sunlight is not only absent, but blocked as a means of inflicting bodily harm and social disaggregation. We focus on one site where the asolar has long been a means of violence: the prison. Describing a critical struggle against the South Carolina Department of Corrections, and the broader context of using solar media in solitary confinement, we explore how asolar environments have been weaponized. In turn, we argue that counter-mediations of sunlight made by those held captive articulate a re-distribution of sunlight as necessary to freedom.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Colonial Exposure</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Aylin Kuryel</PersonName>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Aylin Kuryel is an Assistant Professor at the Literary and Cultural Analysis department at the University of Amsterdam. Her research areas are nationalism, image politics, aesthetics/resistance, and politics of emotions. She is the co-editor of Cultural Activism: Practices, Dilemmas and Possibilities (Rodopi, 2010), Resistance and Aesthetics in the Age of Global Uprisings (Küresel Ayaklanmalar Çağında Direniş ve Estetik, Iletisim Press, 2015), Being Jewish in Turkey: A Dictionary of Experiences (Türkiye’de Yahudi Olmak: Bir Deneyim Sözlüğü, Iletisim Press, 2017), and Essays on Boredom (Sıkıntı Üzerine Denemeler, Iletisim Press, 2020). She has been involved in projects as an artist and is working as a documentary filmmaker. Among her documentaries are Translating Ulysses (2023), A Defense (2021), CemileSezgin (2020), The Balcony and Our Dreams (2020), Heads and Tails (2018), and Welcome Lenin (2016).&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The essay focuses on Arami Ullón’s film, Apenas el Sol (Nothing but the Sun,2020), which follows Mateo’s journey, through his forced removal from the forest and conversion to Christianity, one of the countless deracinated indigenous Ayoreo people of Paraguay. It analyzes the ways in which the film offers fragments of a collective contemplation on being uprooted through their shifting relations to the sun, both before and after the arrival of the missionaries in the late 50s and the early 60s. The essay, “Colonial Exposure”, thinks together with the film, to explore the ways in which the solar appears not as an infinity without context, nor as a metaphor, but as a material entity whose meaning and function change drastically throughout colonial history.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The essay focuses on Arami Ullón’s film, Apenas el Sol (Nothing but the Sun,2020), which follows Mateo’s journey, through his forced removal from the forest and conversion to Christianity, one of the countless deracinated indigenous Ayoreo people of Paraguay. It analyzes the ways in which the film offers fragments of a collective contemplation on being uprooted through their shifting relations to the sun, both before and after the arrival of the missionaries in the late 50s and the early 60s. The essay, “Colonial Exposure”, thinks together with the film, to explore the ways in which the solar appears not as an infinity without context, nor as a metaphor, but as a material entity whose meaning and function change drastically throughout colonial history.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Solar as Narrative Element</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">The Interrupting Surface</Subtitle>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Rhys Williams is a senior lecturer in Energy &amp;amp; Environmental Humanities at the University of Glasgow. His research focusses on the politics and poetics of infrastructure, energy and food futures. He’s recently published in South Atlantic Quarterly, Open Library of Humanities, and the New Routledge Companion to Science Fiction.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;A poetics of weightlessness and light, of being sheer surface without depth or footprint, has come to dominate popular, corporate, and activist representations of solar technologies. This chapter claims that this widespread uptake is due to solar’s narrative and aesthetic affordance as an interrupting surface, acting to break the purchase of history upon the present, and excusing imaginaries of the future from the need to engage with the past. This claim will be explored through three examples in the final season of Detectorists, a quirky British comedy whose homely realism casts solar’s usual future-oriented aesthetics into relief.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;A poetics of weightlessness and light, of being sheer surface without depth or footprint, has come to dominate popular, corporate, and activist representations of solar technologies. This chapter claims that this widespread uptake is due to solar’s narrative and aesthetic affordance as an interrupting surface, acting to break the purchase of history upon the present, and excusing imaginaries of the future from the need to engage with the past. This claim will be explored through three examples in the final season of Detectorists, a quirky British comedy whose homely realism casts solar’s usual future-oriented aesthetics into relief.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Living Too Close to the Sun</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Daniel A. Barber</PersonName>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Daniel A. Barber is Professor of Architecture at the University of Technology Sydney (UTS). His research focuses on environmental dimensions of architecture’s past, present, and future. His latest book is Modern Architecture and Climate: Design before Air Conditioning (Princeton UP, 2020); see also the article “After Comfort” (Log 47, 2019), and A House in the Sun: Modern Architecture and Solar Energy in the Cold War (Oxford UP, 2016). Daniel has held academic positions and fellowships at Harvard, Penn, Princeton, and Yale, at the Instituto Universitário de Lisboa, the Max Planck Institute (Berlin), Rachel Carson Centre (Munich), and most recently as a Senior Research Fellow at the Centre for Apocalyptic and Post-Apocalyptic Studies (CAPAS) at the Universität Heidelberg. He received a 2022–23 Guggenheim Fellowship for his project Thermal Practices. Daniel co-edits Accumulation, an annual dossier of essays on the e-flux architecture online platform. He is the co-founder of the Current Collective for Architecture and Environmental History and is on the editorial board of the Journal of Architecture and Fabrications. He lectures globally, encouraging architects and others to consider their creative practice in the context of the climate emergency.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Since about 2010, a number of so-called supertall residential towers have arisen in Manhattan, puncturing the skyline. Referred to as pencil towers for their tall, skinny profile, these buildings represent the pinnacle of a contemporary form of architectural excess, a virtuosic expression of the financial machinations of the super-rich. They are also reliant on excessive carbon expenditures – tall, sealed buildings that cannot be lived in without mechanical heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning systems. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;What is especially suggestive, in the context of solarity, are the precise terms of that excess. Luxury and exclusivity are expressed in height, in proximity to the sun. And yet, the mechanical capacity to reach that height is served by a dramatic increase in mechanical conditioning derived carbon emissions. In this sense, the towers express, at least in a schematic, diagrammatic fashion, a more general condition: how concepts of value and innovation are caught up in the priorities of capital, making them difficult to align with the capacity for solar liberation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The essay reads these towers through the energy imaginaries of Gibson, Ghosh, and Bacigalupi, offering a counter model for how innovation in architecture can be and can resonates more equitably across social and ecological conditions.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Since about 2010, a number of so-called supertall residential towers have arisen in Manhattan, puncturing the skyline. Referred to as pencil towers for their tall, skinny profile, these buildings represent the pinnacle of a contemporary form of architectural excess, a virtuosic expression of the financial machinations of the super-rich. They are also reliant on excessive carbon expenditures – tall, sealed buildings that cannot be lived in without mechanical heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning systems. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;What is especially suggestive, in the context of solarity, are the precise terms of that excess. Luxury and exclusivity are expressed in height, in proximity to the sun. And yet, the mechanical capacity to reach that height is served by a dramatic increase in mechanical conditioning derived carbon emissions. In this sense, the towers express, at least in a schematic, diagrammatic fashion, a more general condition: how concepts of value and innovation are caught up in the priorities of capital, making them difficult to align with the capacity for solar liberation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The essay reads these towers through the energy imaginaries of Gibson, Ghosh, and Bacigalupi, offering a counter model for how innovation in architecture can be and can resonates more equitably across social and ecological conditions.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Landfill</TitleText>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Bob Johnson is author of Carbon Nation: Fossil Fuels in the Making of American Culture (UP Kansas, 2014) and Mineral Rites: An Archaeology of the Fossil Economy (Johns Hopkins UP, 2019). He is a Professor of History who has written widely on American culture, theory, and the environment with his work centered on the double helix of global warming and social justice. His current book project, “The Colonial Climate: How We Made (and Un-Made) the World’s Most Perfect Climate in San Diego, California, 1846–,” reconsiders the Southern California climate through the lens of actor-network theory in an effort re-position climate change as a product of colonial relations. He lives with his family in San Diego, California, home to the highest concentration of urban military assets in the world and what local marketers call “America’s Finest City.”&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This essay uses the modern landfill, a hyper-object that the anthropologist Joshua Reno terms the “constitutive absence” of modernity,” to explore the gaps, lacunae, and interstices of a waning era of fossil fuel dominance. In examining the landfill as something akin to the repressed ID of fossil capitalism, it brings into the exposure of the sun both the dark ideological recesses of liberalism and the literal material processes of late capitalism that work to systematically bury the material detritus and human wastage they produce out of sight. An intentional experiment in breaking the strictures of academic expository form, this essay also strives to reoccupy, at least momentarily, the symbolic spaces left behind by the internal contradictions of this decadent version of fossil capitalism we live amidst today. It takes that opportunity to imagine, at least in passing, what it might mean to reinhabit liberalism’s symbolic terrain by reorienting ourselves to a more sustainable alliance with nature centered on the sun and keyed more closely to a solidarity with others that might help us escape the wastefulness and destructive linearity of a transactional consumer culture that drives us further into global warming.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This essay uses the modern landfill, a hyper-object that the anthropologist Joshua Reno terms the “constitutive absence” of modernity,” to explore the gaps, lacunae, and interstices of a waning era of fossil fuel dominance. In examining the landfill as something akin to the repressed ID of fossil capitalism, it brings into the exposure of the sun both the dark ideological recesses of liberalism and the literal material processes of late capitalism that work to systematically bury the material detritus and human wastage they produce out of sight. An intentional experiment in breaking the strictures of academic expository form, this essay also strives to reoccupy, at least momentarily, the symbolic spaces left behind by the internal contradictions of this decadent version of fossil capitalism we live amidst today. It takes that opportunity to imagine, at least in passing, what it might mean to reinhabit liberalism’s symbolic terrain by reorienting ourselves to a more sustainable alliance with nature centered on the sun and keyed more closely to a solidarity with others that might help us escape the wastefulness and destructive linearity of a transactional consumer culture that drives us further into global warming.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">The Solar Grid (excerpt)</TitleText>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Described as a “chameleon” by Carlo McCormick in the New York Times, Ganzeer operates seamlessly between art, design, and storytelling, creating what he has coined: Concept Pop. His medium of choice according to Artforum is “a little bit of everything: stencils, murals, paintings, pamphlets, comics, installations, and graphic design.” With over forty exhibitions to his name, Ganzeer’s work has been seen in a wide variety of art galleries, impromptu spaces, alleyways, and major museums around the world, such as The Brooklyn Museum in New York, The Palace of the Arts in Cairo, the Moody Center for the Arts in Houston, and the V&amp;amp;A in London. Ganzeer’s current projects include a short story collection titled Times New Human and a sci-fi graphic novel titled The Solar Grid, an elaborate work-in-progress which has awarded him a Global Thinker Award from Foreign Policy in 2016. He has been an artist-in-residence in Germany, Poland, Jordan, the Netherlands, and Finland, and has lived extensively in Cairo, New York, Los Angeles, Denver, and finally Houston — where he is now based.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;949 years after a catastrophic global flood, night has been consigned to legend by way of THE SOLAR GRID, a vast network of satellites that keeps the world basked in eternal daylight. The purpose of which is to counteract the effects of the flood, and power solar factories scattered across the globe to ceaselessly produce goods intended for export to Mars, where humanity's most fortunate has successfully relocated to. This is the setting within which this elaborate work of science fiction is set, where themes of post-colonialism, consumerism, capitalism, and race-relations are explored on a planet-faring scale&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;949 years after a catastrophic global flood, night has been consigned to legend by way of THE SOLAR GRID, a vast network of satellites that keeps the world basked in eternal daylight. The purpose of which is to counteract the effects of the flood, and power solar factories scattered across the globe to ceaselessly produce goods intended for export to Mars, where humanity's most fortunate has successfully relocated to. This is the setting within which this elaborate work of science fiction is set, where themes of post-colonialism, consumerism, capitalism, and race-relations are explored on a planet-faring scale&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">The Ray and the Flame, or, What It Takes for the Sun to Shine</TitleText>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Tim Ingold is Emeritus Professor of Social Anthropology at the University of Aberdeen. Following 25 years at the University of Manchester, where he was appointed Max Gluckman Professor of Social Anthropology in 1995, Ingold moved in 1999 to Aberdeen, where he established Scotland’s youngest Department of Anthropology. Ingold has carried out ethnographic fieldwork among Sámi and Finnish people in Lapland, and has written on comparative questions of environment, technology, and social organization in the circumpolar North, the role of animals in human society, issues in human ecology, and evolutionary theory in anthropology, biology, and history. He has gone on to explore the links between environmental perception and skilled practice, replacing traditional models of genetic and cultural transmission with a relational approach focusing on the growth of bodily skills of perception and action. Ingold’s current interests lie on the interface between anthropology, archaeology, art and architecture. His recent books include The Perception of the Environment (2000), Lines (2007), Being Alive (2011), Making (2013), The Life of Lines (2015), Anthropology and/as Education (2018), Anthropology: Why It Matters (2018), Correspondences (2020), and Imagining for Real (2022). Ingold is a Fellow of the British Academy and the Royal Society of Edinburgh. In 2022 he was made a CBE for services to Anthropology.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;For the sun to shine, it cannot be a distant cosmic object, or an emitter of energetic rays. Shining does not connect me, by a long straight line of transmission, to the sun. It rather carries on, in real time, along an axis orthogonal to this line. This is the temporal axis of sentient awareness in the midst of a world forever on the burn. The sun’s shining, rather than spanning an interval of transmission, endures in the glare of combustion. In our experience, the sun is its light, not a source of light, and in its shining it erupts into a vision that, far from having closed itself off from a world ‘out there’, has opened itself to the boundless sky. Thus sunlight does not arrive from afar but ignites in the consciousness of the seer who sees with it, with eyes bathed in its luminosity. But the sun doesn’t only illuminate our world; it warms us too. So do the flames of the fire. Ray and flame rest on wholly different ontologies of the sun and its light. As an emitter of rays, the sun is transcendental, but as a beaming fireball, it is elemental.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;For the sun to shine, it cannot be a distant cosmic object, or an emitter of energetic rays. Shining does not connect me, by a long straight line of transmission, to the sun. It rather carries on, in real time, along an axis orthogonal to this line. This is the temporal axis of sentient awareness in the midst of a world forever on the burn. The sun’s shining, rather than spanning an interval of transmission, endures in the glare of combustion. In our experience, the sun is its light, not a source of light, and in its shining it erupts into a vision that, far from having closed itself off from a world ‘out there’, has opened itself to the boundless sky. Thus sunlight does not arrive from afar but ignites in the consciousness of the seer who sees with it, with eyes bathed in its luminosity. But the sun doesn’t only illuminate our world; it warms us too. So do the flames of the fire. Ray and flame rest on wholly different ontologies of the sun and its light. As an emitter of rays, the sun is transcendental, but as a beaming fireball, it is elemental.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Tupilaq (In the Shadow of Solarity)</TitleText>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Amanda Boetzkes is Professor of Contemporary Art History and Theory at the University of Guelph. Her research focuses on the relationship between perception and representation, theories of consciousness, and ecology. She has analyzed complex human relationships with the environment through the lens of aesthetics, patterns of human waste, and the global energy economy. She is the author of Plastic Capitalism: Contemporary Art and the Drive to Waste (MIT Press, 2019), The Ethics of Earth Art (University of Minnesota Press, 2010), and a forthcoming book titled Ecologicity: Vision and the Planetarity of Art. Co-edited books include Artworks for Jellyfish (And Other Others) (Noxious Sector, 2022), Heidegger and the Work of Art History (Routledge, 2014), and a forthcoming volume on Art’s Realism in the Post-Truth Era (Edinburgh University Press, 2024). Currently, she is the principal investigator of At the Moraine, a multi-year, collaborative research project that studies the mediation and representation of global climate change, with a special focus on Indigenous territories of the circumpolar North.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This chapter considers “solarity” as an elemental agent that shapes the cultural regimes of the circumpolar North. I discuss how solar energy weathers the artifacts of the Thule people, the ancestors of the contemporary Inuit. The sun draws out the oils and bleaches the surfaces of Thule remains, yielding them up for use in the production of tools, commodities and archaeological objects of study. But where this process might be understood to neutralize the meaning of Thule artifacts, priming them for scientific study, I suggest otherwise. Following the lead of Inuit mythology, I locate solarity in its diurnal and seasonal interplay with other irreducible elements, as these overlap, transgress and withdraw from one another. This trajectory counteracts the technoscientific perspective at work in environmental archaeology, that would position cultural changes (from the Thule to the Inuit, specifically) as a passive adaptation to natural change. By contrast, I position solarity as a force that vitalizes material culture, its capacity to cast shadows and yield an account of artifacts beyond positivist frames. The insights of solarity come by way of reading its interaction with the moon, the night, with bone and sinew, with land and water, tools and carvings, climate changes, animal migrations, and the forced displacement of the circumpolar Inuit.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This chapter considers “solarity” as an elemental agent that shapes the cultural regimes of the circumpolar North. I discuss how solar energy weathers the artifacts of the Thule people, the ancestors of the contemporary Inuit. The sun draws out the oils and bleaches the surfaces of Thule remains, yielding them up for use in the production of tools, commodities and archaeological objects of study. But where this process might be understood to neutralize the meaning of Thule artifacts, priming them for scientific study, I suggest otherwise. Following the lead of Inuit mythology, I locate solarity in its diurnal and seasonal interplay with other irreducible elements, as these overlap, transgress and withdraw from one another. This trajectory counteracts the technoscientific perspective at work in environmental archaeology, that would position cultural changes (from the Thule to the Inuit, specifically) as a passive adaptation to natural change. By contrast, I position solarity as a force that vitalizes material culture, its capacity to cast shadows and yield an account of artifacts beyond positivist frames. The insights of solarity come by way of reading its interaction with the moon, the night, with bone and sinew, with land and water, tools and carvings, climate changes, animal migrations, and the forced displacement of the circumpolar Inuit.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">The Kiln</TitleText>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Kim Förster is an architectural historian, teaching and researching at the University of Manchester as a member of MARG (Manchester Architecture Research Group). Having earned his doctorate in architecture at ETH Zurich in 2011, he was Associate Director of Research at the Canadian Centre for Architecture from 2016 to 2018, where he led the multidisciplinary research project “Architecture and/for the Environment” as part of the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation’s “Architecture, Urbanism, and the Humanities Initiative.” He taught at ETH’s Institute gta, in the Doctoral Program for the History and Theory of Architecture, and as a visiting professor at EPFL Lausanne. His research and teaching focus on an environmental, energy, and material history, particularly a global history of cement. Förster has published on environmental topics in Architectural Histories, Candide, Werk, Bauen + Wohnen; he contributed to the Routledge Companion to Architecture and Social Engagement (2018), to Überbau: Produktionsverhältnisse der Architektur im Anthropozän (Universitätsverlag TU Berlin, 2021), and to Beyond Concrete (Triest Verlag, 2022). A member of common room, in 2022 300 solarities co-curated “Disquietude: Architecture and Energy in Portugal” and co-edited a book with the same title. Förster edited the “Environmental Histories of Architecture” series for the CCA(Library Stack, 2022–23).&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This chapter, in dialogue with the energy humanities task of thinking transition, attempts to undo cement by assessing material transformation in the cement kiln. Portland cement, a bulk commodity that has been a critical building material in the concrete mix throughout the 20th century (along to gravel, sand and water, all of which are now recognized scarce), is seen as problematic, even destructive, in times of climate emergency because the production process in industrial cement plants itself contributes significantly to global carbon emissions. As key sites of Anthropocene metabolism, the global web of kilns become object and narrative device of architectural and environmental histories, and indeed the humanities to address and expose modern tropes of growth and progress. From an elemental perspective the kiln burns not only fossil fuels, and today so-called alternative fuels; the chemical process itself, as known through patent history, relies on the fact that half of the carbon dioxide is released during the calcination process. Since the emissions come from the raw meal itself, it is argued, any solar project, social, ecological, and economic, as well as cultural would have to rethink the kiln, since innovation in admixtures and fuels only prolong the existing cement regime.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This chapter, in dialogue with the energy humanities task of thinking transition, attempts to undo cement by assessing material transformation in the cement kiln. Portland cement, a bulk commodity that has been a critical building material in the concrete mix throughout the 20th century (along to gravel, sand and water, all of which are now recognized scarce), is seen as problematic, even destructive, in times of climate emergency because the production process in industrial cement plants itself contributes significantly to global carbon emissions. As key sites of Anthropocene metabolism, the global web of kilns become object and narrative device of architectural and environmental histories, and indeed the humanities to address and expose modern tropes of growth and progress. From an elemental perspective the kiln burns not only fossil fuels, and today so-called alternative fuels; the chemical process itself, as known through patent history, relies on the fact that half of the carbon dioxide is released during the calcination process. Since the emissions come from the raw meal itself, it is argued, any solar project, social, ecological, and economic, as well as cultural would have to rethink the kiln, since innovation in admixtures and fuels only prolong the existing cement regime.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Twilight</TitleText>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Dominic Boyer is an anthropologist, media maker, and environmental researcher who teaches at Rice University where he served as Founding Director of the Center for Energy and Environmental Research in the Human Sciences (2013–19). His most recent books are Energopolitics (Duke UP, 2019), which analyzes the politics of wind power development in Southern Mexico, and Hyposubjects (Open Humanities Press, 2021), an experimental collaboration with Timothy Morton concerning politics in the Anthropocene. With Cymene Howe, he made a documentary film about Iceland’s first major glacier (Okjökull) lost to climate change, Not Ok: A Little Movie about a Small Glacier at the End of the World (2018). In August 2019, together with Icelandic collaborators, they installed a memorial to Okjökull’s passing, an event that attracted media attention from around the world and which caused The Economist to create their first-ever obituary for a non-human. His next book is titled No More Fossils (University of Minnesota Press, 2023) a discussion of fossil fuel fossils and what is to be done about them.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This chapter synthesizes the life, work, and philosophy of Mike Reynolds, one-time architect and founder of the Earthship Movement based in Taos, New Mexico. For Reynolds tires are the biggest and the single most ubiquitous natural resource in the world and therefore an effective raw material for Reynolds' off the grid biotecture communities of habitations that are known as ‘earthships.’  This article is a synthesis of the author's interview Reynolds in 2021.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This chapter synthesizes the life, work, and philosophy of Mike Reynolds, one-time architect and founder of the Earthship Movement based in Taos, New Mexico. For Reynolds tires are the biggest and the single most ubiquitous natural resource in the world and therefore an effective raw material for Reynolds' off the grid biotecture communities of habitations that are known as ‘earthships.’  This article is a synthesis of the author's interview Reynolds in 2021.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Sarah Besky is an anthropologist and Associate Professor in the ILR School at Cornell University. She is the author of The Darjeeling Distinction: Labor and Justice on Fair-Trade Tea Plantations in India (2014) and Tasting Qualities: The Past and Future of Tea (2020), both with the University of California Press, as well as the co-editor of How Nature Works: Rethinking Labor on a Troubled Planet (SAR Press, 2019). Her current research examines the past and present of small-scale farming in India’s eastern Himalayas.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Across the globe, as air temperatures steadily climb, so too do ocean temperatures. This rise is particularly acute in New England. Temperatures in the Gulf of Maine have risen nearly 2 degrees Fahrenheit in the past century. Warming waters have meant that once-plentiful species—lobsters most prominent among them—are moving to colder northern waters.  With fewer and fewer lobsters to catch, lobster fishing in southern New England is no longer financially viable. Those still making a living from the ocean must find different species to exploit. As New England fisheries collapse, seaweed appears as a hopeful alternative.  This essay asks, What is regenerated in “regenerative ocean farming” projects, in which seaweed is a key figure?  A critical reflection on the turn to seaweed in the context of climate crisis and highlights how seaweed’s potentiality—as healthy food, biofuel, binding agent, carbon sink, and a hopeful alternative to depleted ocean industries—rearticulates capitalist logics of productivism, gender inequality, and settler colonial property relations. Solar-based and “green” economies still operate on economic grammars rooted in the forms of extraction to which they serve as a foil and a regenerative alternative.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Across the globe, as air temperatures steadily climb, so too do ocean temperatures. This rise is particularly acute in New England. Temperatures in the Gulf of Maine have risen nearly 2 degrees Fahrenheit in the past century. Warming waters have meant that once-plentiful species—lobsters most prominent among them—are moving to colder northern waters.  With fewer and fewer lobsters to catch, lobster fishing in southern New England is no longer financially viable. Those still making a living from the ocean must find different species to exploit. As New England fisheries collapse, seaweed appears as a hopeful alternative.  This essay asks, What is regenerated in “regenerative ocean farming” projects, in which seaweed is a key figure?  A critical reflection on the turn to seaweed in the context of climate crisis and highlights how seaweed’s potentiality—as healthy food, biofuel, binding agent, carbon sink, and a hopeful alternative to depleted ocean industries—rearticulates capitalist logics of productivism, gender inequality, and settler colonial property relations. Solar-based and “green” economies still operate on economic grammars rooted in the forms of extraction to which they serve as a foil and a regenerative alternative.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This chapter examines solarity as it manifests in coral restoration efforts in The Bahamas.  Utilizing three examples, 1) a for-profit venture for growing coral fragments, 2) a private island tourism destination, and 3) a mega resort, Moore describes “colonial/corporate sun” as a means to harvest solar energies through coral-based extractive economies.  Moore then contrasts these efforts with an example of “ocean love”, led by a Bahamian woman whose coral-based work is grounded in community resilience and survival, connecting her work to larger Diasporic conversations around the Middle Passage, Black marine life, and disruptive ways of imagining and living in the world.  Far from the “blue economy”, this process by which coral restoration can come to anchor emergent and resistant solarian materialities of knowing and being in the Caribbean, is an instantiation of the “Black Atlantis”.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This chapter examines solarity as it manifests in coral restoration efforts in The Bahamas.  Utilizing three examples, 1) a for-profit venture for growing coral fragments, 2) a private island tourism destination, and 3) a mega resort, Moore describes “colonial/corporate sun” as a means to harvest solar energies through coral-based extractive economies.  Moore then contrasts these efforts with an example of “ocean love”, led by a Bahamian woman whose coral-based work is grounded in community resilience and survival, connecting her work to larger Diasporic conversations around the Middle Passage, Black marine life, and disruptive ways of imagining and living in the world.  Far from the “blue economy”, this process by which coral restoration can come to anchor emergent and resistant solarian materialities of knowing and being in the Caribbean, is an instantiation of the “Black Atlantis”.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Jeff Diamanti is Assistant Professor of Environmental Humanities (Cultural Analysis &amp;amp; Philosophy) at the University of Amsterdam. In 2016–17 he was the Media@McGill Postdoctoral Fellow in Media and the Environment where he co-convened the international colloquium on Climate Realism, the results of which appear in a book collection on Routledge and a double issue of Resilience. His first book, Climate and Capital in the Age of Petroleum: Locating Terminal Landscapes (Bloomsbury 2021), tracks the political and media ecology of fossil fuels across the extractive and logistical spaces that connect remote territories like Greenland to the economies of North America and Western Europe. His new research, Bloom Ecologies, details the return to natural philosophy in the marine and atmospheric sciences studying the interactive dynamics of the cryosphere and hydrosphere in the North Atlantic and Arctic Ocean. He co-directs the ASCA Political Ecologies Seminar with Joost de Bloois, and with Amanda Boetzkes, he co-organizes “At the Moraine,” an ongoing research project on the political ecology of glacial retreat in the Arctic. With Fred Carter, he co-directs the Field­ARTS arts and science residency in Amsterdam, Netherlands.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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        <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;josé rivers alfaro is an artist who teaches writing and literature. Raised in Sacramento, California, he attended Cosumnes River College, the community college where he currently works as a professor. He earned his B.A. in English Literature at San Francisco State University and his Ph.D. in English at UC Riverside, focusing on Nineteenth Century American Literature and Queer Latinx Studies. Before returning to Sacramento, he learned how to dance salsa and bachata. Since then, he continues to spend a lot of time thinking about how he can make the magic of the dance floor happen on the page.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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        <SubjectHeadingText>Joaquin Murrieta; Latinx Studies; Chicanx Studies; Queer Studies; 19th-century America; borderlands; California; Indigenous Studies</SubjectHeadingText>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Blending literary analysis and memoir, Something More Splendid Than Two is at once an excavation of intergenerational wounds, a dance number, a poem, and a fraught love letter from son to father that disrupts the dominant narratives surrounding the life and myth of Joaquín Murrieta. In the Mexican American imaginary, the legend of Joaquín Murrieta has been recast to explain the wounding of Mexican American men after the 1848 border formation. In these versions, Joaquín is a vigilante hero and the patriarchal father of the Chicanx movement.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Revisiting the most circulated version of the Joaquín myth, The Life and Adventures of Joaquín Murieta written by Cherokee writer John Rollin Ridge, the first published Native American author in the US, Something More Splendid Than Two offers an alternative to these versions. Stitching together multiple tangled histories of Indigenous and Mexican woundings living in the margins of Ridge’s 19th-century novel, alfaro opens a queer timeline where Chicanx and Indigenous solidarities can be imagined. By attuning to the choreographies of power and patriarchy that produced readers and writers like Ridge and the author of this book, josé rivers alfaro imagines that in that endless encounter between reader and writer, both time travel and collective healing are possible.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Rebecca Collins (d. 2024) was an award-winning artist researcher and lecturer working at the intersection between contemporary performance and sound. Her main research interests were in listening, performance, sound studies, and creative/critical writing. Rebecca’s practice focused on the dynamics of the sonic operating within specific environments and technologies to explore methodologies of writing and making contemporary performance. She shared her scholarship and practice through multiple forms, including live performance, limited-edition vinyl, radio broadcasts, exhibitions, workshops, text scores, policy documents, and academic/experimental publications. Ultimately, Rebecca was interested in how critical, fictional, and performative interventions might cultivate attention toward our contemporary condition. Rebecca was a Lecturer in Contemporary Art Theory at Edinburgh College of Art, University of Edinburgh. Shortly before her untimely passing, Rebecca had been named a Ramón and Cajal Research Fellow at the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) in Madrid (for 2024-29).&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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        <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Johanna Linsley is an artist and researcher who works across performance, text, and sound. Her work is collaborative and often iterative, resulting in multiple outcomes or versions. She is interested in contemporary performance and Live Art; documentation of performance; sound, listening, and the voice; queer domesticity; and modes of assembly and collective imagination. She has published research in Contemporary Theatre Review and Performance Research and Cultural Geographies. Her work in performance, both solo and with the London-based performance collective I’m With You, has been presented throughout the UK and the USA, and in Brussels, Copenhagen, Zagreb, Bogotà, and elsewhere, at institutions including the Museum of Modern Art in New York City, and in London at the Hayward Gallery, the Barbican Centre, the Wellcome Collection, and the Victoria &amp;amp; Albert Museum. Johanna is a founding partner of UnionDocs, a center for documentary arts in Brooklyn, New York. She was a postdoctoral research associate on the Wellcome Trust-funded project Challenging Archives, working with the archive of performance artist Franko B, and was also a research assistant on the AHRC-funded project Performing Documents, both at the University of Bristol. She was a postdoctoral research associate on the Leverhulme-funded project Acts of Assembly at the University of Roehampton. Johanna is a Lecturer in Creative Practice and Head of English, Creative Writing, and Film at the University of Dundee.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Sonic Detection is part sonic noir, part performance document, and part critical investigation of listening at the margins for readers interested in prospecting the boundaries of performance studies, sound studies, and interdisciplinary writing.The book opens with a group of sonic detectives (exact number unknown) who investigate the mystery of an as-yet-unidentified event that leaves traces only in the acoustic atmosphere. This hybrid fiction propels the reader up and down the UK coast and offers overheard fragments from a faded seaside resort, a container shipping port, a former coal-mining town, and the Scottish headquarters for North Sea oil. A heterogeneous collection of texts follows, from creative-critical essays, performance scores, engagement with the archives of earlier sonic detectives (including poet/performance artist Fiona Templeton and the sound art collective Bow Gamelan Ensemble), to a series of dispatches from expert witnesses with their ears to the ground. Sonic Detection is not so much a monograph as a polygraph, tongue-in-cheek associations with questionable forensic technologies firmly in place. The book emerges from a decade-long collaboration between artists Rebecca Collins and Johanna Linsley, who used eavesdropping as an expanded creative methodology. The project began as a series of hyper-local, community-based performance works in coastal locations in the UK (from Bournemouth to Aberdeen) and grew into an international, multi-disciplinary life work devoted to an ongoing, organized curiosity. Sonic detectives hold open a collective sonorous space. They are the embodiment of the phenomenophile, lingering longer in listening.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Gemma John is an Honorary Research Fellow in Social Anthropology at the University College of London, and the Founder of Human City. She works at the intersection between social anthropology, urban governance and design, illuminating the ways in which planners, property developers, architects and other built environment experts negotiate legal and political infrastructures while creating places that deliver value to society and reflect imaginaries of the "good life." Her interest in the politics of value, and the interplay between economy, morality and design, stems from her post-doctoral research on devolved governance in the UK through the Localism Act, and doctoral research on Freedom of Information legislation and transparent citizenships in Scotland. As an academic, she has published on new knowledge practices, government bureaucracy, and personhood. As a consultant, she uncovers the relationships between technical, material and social factors in urban contexts and enables organizations to design spaces that are morally and socially sustainable.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This paper focuses on a building tour as a methodological intersection between anthropology and architecture, and an example of where a social scientist might intervene on a technical project and explore imaginaries of ‘the social’. It draws on participant observation on a tour around a shared living space in North West London that myself and a junior architect carried out as part of an architectural design competition, and larger consultancy project that involved making recommendations to shortlisted architects tasked with creating “community” in a new shared living space in North East London. Rather than examine the shortcomings of the building itself, the paper draws on the lens of anthropology to foreground the way in which people living in the building adapt their spaces to create the right “atmosphere”. It highlights the efforts of residents, who were dealing with the proximity of shared living, to sensorially detach yet share knowledge about communal living and in so doing craft their own version of “community”.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This paper focuses on a building tour as a methodological intersection between anthropology and architecture, and an example of where a social scientist might intervene on a technical project and explore imaginaries of ‘the social’. It draws on participant observation on a tour around a shared living space in North West London that myself and a junior architect carried out as part of an architectural design competition, and larger consultancy project that involved making recommendations to shortlisted architects tasked with creating “community” in a new shared living space in North East London. Rather than examine the shortcomings of the building itself, the paper draws on the lens of anthropology to foreground the way in which people living in the building adapt their spaces to create the right “atmosphere”. It highlights the efforts of residents, who were dealing with the proximity of shared living, to sensorially detach yet share knowledge about communal living and in so doing craft their own version of “community”.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This chapter considers the Brutalist architectural method of the “as found,” a means by which matter expresses the social under crisis conditions. Coined in the 1950s by the London-based architects Alison and Peter Smithson, the “as found” is an immersive and self-decentering method for bringing the qualities and forces of the material world into expressive form, form that also registers and confronts – or “speaks” – the social. A method of architectural research and practice, the “as found” is as much a means of being in the world as creating from it, a world of prosaic enchantment and contingent encounter, of the confusion of animate and inanimate matter, and of fragmentation and crisis. The chapter teases out the method of the “as found” by focusing on the material/social relation in two aspects of the Smithsons’ work: their understanding of Brutalism; and their interest in the ordinary and the fragment. Each of these is posited against approaches to Brutalist social housing dominant in the UK today – where Brutalism is appropriated for middle-class consumption or demolished as “concrete monstrosity.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This chapter considers the Brutalist architectural method of the “as found,” a means by which matter expresses the social under crisis conditions. Coined in the 1950s by the London-based architects Alison and Peter Smithson, the “as found” is an immersive and self-decentering method for bringing the qualities and forces of the material world into expressive form, form that also registers and confronts – or “speaks” – the social. A method of architectural research and practice, the “as found” is as much a means of being in the world as creating from it, a world of prosaic enchantment and contingent encounter, of the confusion of animate and inanimate matter, and of fragmentation and crisis. The chapter teases out the method of the “as found” by focusing on the material/social relation in two aspects of the Smithsons’ work: their understanding of Brutalism; and their interest in the ordinary and the fragment. Each of these is posited against approaches to Brutalist social housing dominant in the UK today – where Brutalism is appropriated for middle-class consumption or demolished as “concrete monstrosity.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Damian O’Doherty is Professor of Organization Theory at the Liverpool University Manchester School where he is also Director of the Organizational and Individual Well Being Research Cluster https://www.liverpool.ac.uk/management/research/centres/organisational- employee-wellbeing/. Damian is senior editor at the journal Organization (SAGE) and is former editor–in-chief of Culture and Organization (Wiley). His most recent monograph is Reconstructing Organization: The Loungification of Society published with Palgrave Macmillan in 2017 based on two and a half years of ethnographic fieldwork at the Manchester Airport Group. He is currently researching and writing on landscapes, haute cuisine culinary practices, forest gardens, and community transitions.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This chapter essays the methodology of walking with a pair of clay clogs based on ethnographic research in the Dee estuary, on the border of England and Wales. The clay clogs allow us to explore the ways in which business tries to make the social speak but also the ways in which landscape might have business designs of its own for estuarial citizens of the future. The shoes help us return to the earth and to explore a more rich and complexly entangled set of relations between landscape and socialities that helps solicit a multitude of agencies and voices normally excluded from ‘the social’. We ask, what social do these shoes speak, or rather what socialities can they speak? Around these shoes we are able to gather emerging stories and practices that are suggestive of new energies and livelihoods being cultivated in the Dee estuary which are helping to enrich socio-ecological relations beyond what we might call their current businification. On the basis of our findings to these questions we weave a series of after-thoughts for the alter-lives of those coming citizens of the future estuary.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This chapter essays the methodology of walking with a pair of clay clogs based on ethnographic research in the Dee estuary, on the border of England and Wales. The clay clogs allow us to explore the ways in which business tries to make the social speak but also the ways in which landscape might have business designs of its own for estuarial citizens of the future. The shoes help us return to the earth and to explore a more rich and complexly entangled set of relations between landscape and socialities that helps solicit a multitude of agencies and voices normally excluded from ‘the social’. We ask, what social do these shoes speak, or rather what socialities can they speak? Around these shoes we are able to gather emerging stories and practices that are suggestive of new energies and livelihoods being cultivated in the Dee estuary which are helping to enrich socio-ecological relations beyond what we might call their current businification. On the basis of our findings to these questions we weave a series of after-thoughts for the alter-lives of those coming citizens of the future estuary.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Revealing Social Infrastructures of Time</TitleText>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Larissa Pschetz is an interaction designer, researcher and lecturer in Design at the University of Edinburgh. She completed a Microsoft-funded PhD in 2014, having previously worked at research centres such as IBM Watson in Cambridge MA, Microsoft Research in Cambridge UK and Microsoft Research Asia, as well as interaction design offices such as IxDS in Berlin and HID in Hamburg, Germany. Her research explores socio-technological narratives, interaction with autonomous systems, and technology inclusion.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Michelle Bastian is a Senior Lecturer in Environmental Humanities at the Edinburgh College of Art, University of Edinburgh. Her work crosses critical time studies and environmental humanities, with a focus on the role of time in human and more-than-human communities. In 2021-2022 she is a Mid-Career Fellow with the Independent Social Research Fund, working on a project on social time and ecology. She is Editor-in-Chief for Time &amp;amp; Society (SAGE) and a co-editor of a number of collections including, The Social Life of Time (Time &amp;amp; Society), Field Philosophy and Other Experiments (Parallax) and  Participatory Research in More-than-Human Worlds (Routledge). Michelle has recent publications in Environmental Humanities, GeoHumanities, and New Formations.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Ryan D. Bowler is a PhD student in Design Informatics, University of Edinburgh. His focus is on the temporal narratives of marginalised people and the integration of technology and design to promote social inclusivity. His aim is to understand the temporal diversity of peoples secluded by dominant narratives of time that exclude people from social interactions. His previous work involved working with older communities using Augusto Boal theatre techniques combined with video cameras to develop empowerment methods and dialogic pedagogy practises that promote community inclusion and technology in nursing homes. This research led him to an Interdisciplinary Creative Practice Research approach using video cameras and NFC embedded in memory artefacts for people with early-on-set dementia. His research currently focuses on people with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome and social inclusive technologies.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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            <TitleText language="eng">The Museum of Data</TitleText>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This chapter presents an ongoing collaborative experimental project, The Museum of Data. Even as the ‘socio-technical’ becomes a common term in the social sciences, it is still the case that the technical is often understood in itself to be beyond social analysis, and critical social scientists therefore are expected only to ‘reveal’ the social that lurks within technical objects and infrastructures. In order to bring the socio-technical back into view, The Museum of Data is a tool that uses the conceit of museological practices - such as objectification, conservation, ownership, curation, classification - to make explicit the imbrications of the social and technical in any digital object, and demands that those who participate in it actively reflect on these. Through this process, the authors suggest that alongside speaking for the social, there also needs to be a sense of “caring for the socio-technical”: both a careful attention to the unequal relations that different technological constraints co-construct, and a move away from the focus on regimes of visibility and towards a commitment to technical repair, maintenance and the everyday labor of caring for representational systems.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This chapter presents an ongoing collaborative experimental project, The Museum of Data. Even as the ‘socio-technical’ becomes a common term in the social sciences, it is still the case that the technical is often understood in itself to be beyond social analysis, and critical social scientists therefore are expected only to ‘reveal’ the social that lurks within technical objects and infrastructures. In order to bring the socio-technical back into view, The Museum of Data is a tool that uses the conceit of museological practices - such as objectification, conservation, ownership, curation, classification - to make explicit the imbrications of the social and technical in any digital object, and demands that those who participate in it actively reflect on these. Through this process, the authors suggest that alongside speaking for the social, there also needs to be a sense of “caring for the socio-technical”: both a careful attention to the unequal relations that different technological constraints co-construct, and a move away from the focus on regimes of visibility and towards a commitment to technical repair, maintenance and the everyday labor of caring for representational systems.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Method of the “As Found”: How Matter Speaks for the Social in Brutalism</TitleText>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Nicholas Thoburn is Reader in Sociology at the University of Manchester. He is author of Anti-Book: On the Art and Politics of Radical Publishing (2016) and Deleuze, Marx and Politics (2003). He publishes on political theory, experimental publishing, social movements, and architecture, and is a member of the editorial board of the culture and politics journal New Formations. His book, Brutalism as Found: Architecture, Housing, and Crisis at Robin Hood Gardens, is forthcoming with Goldsmiths Press.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This chapter considers the Brutalist architectural method of the “as found,” a means by which matter expresses the social under crisis conditions. Coined in the 1950s by the London-based architects Alison and Peter Smithson, the “as found” is an immersive and self-decentering method for bringing the qualities and forces of the material world into expressive form, form that also registers and confronts – or “speaks” – the social. A method of architectural research and practice, the “as found” is as much a means of being in the world as creating from it, a world of prosaic enchantment and contingent encounter, of the confusion of animate and inanimate matter, and of fragmentation and crisis. The chapter teases out the method of the “as found” by focusing on the material/social relation in two aspects of the Smithsons’ work: their understanding of Brutalism; and their interest in the ordinary and the fragment. Each of these is posited against approaches to Brutalist social housing dominant in the UK today – where Brutalism is appropriated for middle-class consumption or demolished as “concrete monstrosity.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This chapter considers the Brutalist architectural method of the “as found,” a means by which matter expresses the social under crisis conditions. Coined in the 1950s by the London-based architects Alison and Peter Smithson, the “as found” is an immersive and self-decentering method for bringing the qualities and forces of the material world into expressive form, form that also registers and confronts – or “speaks” – the social. A method of architectural research and practice, the “as found” is as much a means of being in the world as creating from it, a world of prosaic enchantment and contingent encounter, of the confusion of animate and inanimate matter, and of fragmentation and crisis. The chapter teases out the method of the “as found” by focusing on the material/social relation in two aspects of the Smithsons’ work: their understanding of Brutalism; and their interest in the ordinary and the fragment. Each of these is posited against approaches to Brutalist social housing dominant in the UK today – where Brutalism is appropriated for middle-class consumption or demolished as “concrete monstrosity.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Hannah Knox is Professor of Anthropology at University College London. Her work concerns the relationship between technical infrastructures and social life, focusing in particular on how infrastructures, technologies, and data models frame and order the way that people imagine and engage with one another and the world around them. She has conducted research on road construction and the state in Peru, information systems and the transformation of work and welfare in the UK, and climate data and the problem of the city, also in the UK. Her current work is exploring how open data on energy and thermodynamics is being used in attempts to move towards a post-carbon culture. Hannah’s recent publications include Roads: An Anthropology of Infrastructure and Expertise (with Penny Harvey), Ethnography for a Data Saturated World (edited with Dawn Nafus), Digital Anthropology (edited with Haidy Geismar), and Thinking Like a Climate: Governing a City in Times of Environmental Change.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Damian O’Doherty is Professor of Organization Theory at the Liverpool University Manchester School where he is also Director of the Organizational and Individual Well Being Research Cluster https://www.liverpool.ac.uk/management/research/centres/organisational- employee-wellbeing/. Damian is senior editor at the journal Organization (SAGE) and is former editor–in-chief of Culture and Organization (Wiley). His most recent monograph is Reconstructing Organization: The Loungification of Society published with Palgrave Macmillan in 2017 based on two and a half years of ethnographic fieldwork at the Manchester Airport Group. He is currently researching and writing on landscapes, haute cuisine culinary practices, forest gardens, and community transitions.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This chapter essays the methodology of walking with a pair of clay clogs based on ethnographic research in the Dee estuary, on the border of England and Wales. The clay clogs allow us to explore the ways in which business tries to make the social speak but also the ways in which landscape might have business designs of its own for estuarial citizens of the future. The shoes help us return to the earth and to explore a more rich and complexly entangled set of relations between landscape and socialities that helps solicit a multitude of agencies and voices normally excluded from ‘the social’. We ask, what social do these shoes speak, or rather what socialities can they speak? Around these shoes we are able to gather emerging stories and practices that are suggestive of new energies and livelihoods being cultivated in the Dee estuary which are helping to enrich socio-ecological relations beyond what we might call their current businification. On the basis of our findings to these questions we weave a series of after-thoughts for the alter-lives of those coming citizens of the future estuary.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This chapter essays the methodology of walking with a pair of clay clogs based on ethnographic research in the Dee estuary, on the border of England and Wales. The clay clogs allow us to explore the ways in which business tries to make the social speak but also the ways in which landscape might have business designs of its own for estuarial citizens of the future. The shoes help us return to the earth and to explore a more rich and complexly entangled set of relations between landscape and socialities that helps solicit a multitude of agencies and voices normally excluded from ‘the social’. We ask, what social do these shoes speak, or rather what socialities can they speak? Around these shoes we are able to gather emerging stories and practices that are suggestive of new energies and livelihoods being cultivated in the Dee estuary which are helping to enrich socio-ecological relations beyond what we might call their current businification. On the basis of our findings to these questions we weave a series of after-thoughts for the alter-lives of those coming citizens of the future estuary.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Michelle Bastian is a Senior Lecturer in Environmental Humanities at the Edinburgh College of Art, University of Edinburgh. Her work crosses critical time studies and environmental humanities, with a focus on the role of time in human and more-than-human communities. In 2021-2022 she is a Mid-Career Fellow with the Independent Social Research Fund, working on a project on social time and ecology. She is Editor-in-Chief for Time &amp;amp; Society (SAGE) and a co-editor of a number of collections including, The Social Life of Time (Time &amp;amp; Society), Field Philosophy and Other Experiments (Parallax) and  Participatory Research in More-than-Human Worlds (Routledge). Michelle has recent publications in Environmental Humanities, GeoHumanities, and New Formations.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This chapter presents an ongoing collaborative experimental project, The Museum of Data. Even as the ‘socio-technical’ becomes a common term in the social sciences, it is still the case that the technical is often understood in itself to be beyond social analysis, and critical social scientists therefore are expected only to ‘reveal’ the social that lurks within technical objects and infrastructures. In order to bring the socio-technical back into view, The Museum of Data is a tool that uses the conceit of museological practices - such as objectification, conservation, ownership, curation, classification - to make explicit the imbrications of the social and technical in any digital object, and demands that those who participate in it actively reflect on these. Through this process, the authors suggest that alongside speaking for the social, there also needs to be a sense of “caring for the socio-technical”: both a careful attention to the unequal relations that different technological constraints co-construct, and a move away from the focus on regimes of visibility and towards a commitment to technical repair, maintenance and the everyday labor of caring for representational systems.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This chapter presents an ongoing collaborative experimental project, The Museum of Data. Even as the ‘socio-technical’ becomes a common term in the social sciences, it is still the case that the technical is often understood in itself to be beyond social analysis, and critical social scientists therefore are expected only to ‘reveal’ the social that lurks within technical objects and infrastructures. In order to bring the socio-technical back into view, The Museum of Data is a tool that uses the conceit of museological practices - such as objectification, conservation, ownership, curation, classification - to make explicit the imbrications of the social and technical in any digital object, and demands that those who participate in it actively reflect on these. Through this process, the authors suggest that alongside speaking for the social, there also needs to be a sense of “caring for the socio-technical”: both a careful attention to the unequal relations that different technological constraints co-construct, and a move away from the focus on regimes of visibility and towards a commitment to technical repair, maintenance and the everyday labor of caring for representational systems.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;If you tried speaking with a dead person and they gave you a clear response, how would you react? Mediums develop their minds and bodies to communicate messages from the deceased to their living loved ones, and in Speaking with the Dead, anthropologist Matt Tomlinson describes his experiences training as a medium with a Spiritualist congregation in Canberra, Australia. The book is written in a first-person narrative style that brings “extrahuman” relationships to life, showing what it is like to learn and practice mediumship: the strategic suspension of skepticism; the wobbly first attempts; the embarrassing failures; and the moments, both unsettling and enthralling, when someone tells you that yes indeed, you’ve just described her grandfather who died in 1978.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Speaking with the Dead brims with stories of talented mediums and Tomlinson is not interested in proving or disproving mediumship, preferring instead to illustrate how mediums bring their practices to life. In contrast to the popular image of mediums as shameless frauds, Tomlinson describes earnest and committed seekers from a wide range of backgrounds who often struggle to understand their own experiences. Their profits are therapeutic rather than financial. And they worry about endings as much as anyone else: the passing of physical lives, the closure of beloved churches. Speaking with the Dead is ultimately a book about the lively side of death, grounded in Spiritualists’ conviction that life is eternal and your social network extends to the astral plane. It is a close examination of how mediumship works culturally, which is to say, how mediums and audiences work together to create senses of transcendent connection.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;If you tried speaking with a dead person and they gave you a clear response, how would you react? Mediums develop their minds and bodies to communicate messages from the deceased to their living loved ones, and in Speaking with the Dead, anthropologist Matt Tomlinson describes his experiences training as a medium with a Spiritualist congregation in Canberra, Australia. The book is written in a first-person narrative style that brings “extrahuman” relationships to life, showing what it is like to learn and practice mediumship: the strategic suspension of skepticism; the wobbly first attempts; the embarrassing failures; and the moments, both unsettling and enthralling, when someone tells you that yes indeed, you’ve just described her grandfather who died in 1978.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Speaking with the Dead brims with stories of talented mediums and Tomlinson is not interested in proving or disproving mediumship, preferring instead to illustrate how mediums bring their practices to life. In contrast to the popular image of mediums as shameless frauds, Tomlinson describes earnest and committed seekers from a wide range of backgrounds who often struggle to understand their own experiences. Their profits are therapeutic rather than financial. And they worry about endings as much as anyone else: the passing of physical lives, the closure of beloved churches. Speaking with the Dead is ultimately a book about the lively side of death, grounded in Spiritualists’ conviction that life is eternal and your social network extends to the astral plane. It is a close examination of how mediumship works culturally, which is to say, how mediums and audiences work together to create senses of transcendent connection.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;We are proud to say that this third volume of Specula-tions needs very little support from our editorial introduction. We have done our best to collect, in the pages that follow, outstanding contributions covering a wide range of topics (from the philosophy of religion to psychoanalysis, from the philosophy of science to gender studies), formats (articles, interviews, position pieces, translations and review essays) and authors (from well-published authors to the best among a new generation of philosophers).We would like to thank all the contributors and the peer reviewers for their patient collaboration during the editorial phase. We are also very grateful to the Atelier de métaphy-sique et d’ontologie contemporaines at the École Normale Supérieure, and their group of English translators (Mark Ohm, Leah Orth, Jon Cogburn and Emily Beck) for allowing us to publish the translation of one of their publications.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Re-asking the Question of the Gendered Subject after Non-Philosophy</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Benjamin Norris</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Is a science of (non-)gender Identity constitution possible? What would be the object and proper method of this science? And, most importantly, what new spaces of (non-)philosophical investigation can be opened in light of such an analysis? At some point in time during its perpetual production and proliferation of problems, philosophy stumbled across a problem it called “the subject.” As time passed and philosophy roared on, the question of the subject has taken many differ-ent forms, been approached with many different methods and has yielded incredibly diverse and distinct answers.We have now come to a point where we no longer need to ask philosophically “what is the subject?” and “how is the subject’s individuality constituted?” but instead ask non-philosophically“how has philosophy produced its hypotheses, conditioned its methods and pre-determined its conclusions regarding the subject?”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Is a science of (non-)gender Identity constitution possible? What would be the object and proper method of this science? And, most importantly, what new spaces of (non-)philosophical investigation can be opened in light of such an analysis? At some point in time during its perpetual production and proliferation of problems, philosophy stumbled across a problem it called “the subject.” As time passed and philosophy roared on, the question of the subject has taken many differ-ent forms, been approached with many different methods and has yielded incredibly diverse and distinct answers.We have now come to a point where we no longer need to ask philosophically “what is the subject?” and “how is the subject’s individuality constituted?” but instead ask non-philosophically“how has philosophy produced its hypotheses, conditioned its methods and pre-determined its conclusions regarding the subject?”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Thing Called Love</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">That Old, Substantive, Relation</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Beatrice Marovich</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>Drew University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Into what, precisely, do we plum-met when we fall into love? What, exactly, is produced when we makeit? When we are hungry for love, what stomach is nourished by that strange food? Colloquialisms are littered with a lan-guage that objectifies love, that turns it into a thing—not just something we can feel, but something we can touch, some-thing that hits us, changes us, throws us, consumes us, drives us. Popular parlance makes the love relation into something almost tangible, concrete, autonomous: love is some thing we fall into, love is a master key, love is a war, love is a bite of heaven, love is a virus. Such language begins to suggest that the “love object” is not, exactly, the person for whom you pine. Instead, it begins to look as though the “love object” is the relation, itself. Love takes on thing-like contours, becomes its own sort of creature. It does its own little cosmic dance.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Into what, precisely, do we plum-met when we fall into love? What, exactly, is produced when we makeit? When we are hungry for love, what stomach is nourished by that strange food? Colloquialisms are littered with a lan-guage that objectifies love, that turns it into a thing—not just something we can feel, but something we can touch, some-thing that hits us, changes us, throws us, consumes us, drives us. Popular parlance makes the love relation into something almost tangible, concrete, autonomous: love is some thing we fall into, love is a master key, love is a war, love is a bite of heaven, love is a virus. Such language begins to suggest that the “love object” is not, exactly, the person for whom you pine. Instead, it begins to look as though the “love object” is the relation, itself. Love takes on thing-like contours, becomes its own sort of creature. It does its own little cosmic dance.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">The Other Face of God</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Lacan, Theological Structure, and the Accursed Remainder</Subtitle>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Reading the work of Christo-pher Hitchens, Richard Dawkins, and Daniel Dennett, one gets the impression that questions of religion and theology revolve around whether or not these beliefs are accurate represen-tations of the world. However, as Levi-Strauss shows in The Savage Mind, the difference between mythological thought and scientific thought is not to be understood in terms of whether it is an accurate representation of the world, but rather both are variations of a common structural order. As Levi-Strauss understands it, both myth and scientific thought are characterized by identical mental operations, but are merely applied to different materials. While not wishing to follow Levi-Strauss all the way in arguing that structures are ahistorical invariants of the human mind, in this paper I do wish to argue—drawing heavily on Lacanian psychoanalytic theory—that religion is a particular structure of thought and human social formations. From this I will draw some struc-tural or systemic consequences that follow from this structural organization. In particular, I wish to identify some structural features characteristic of a particular type of religious thought and social organization pertaining to monotheism in terms of the subject’s precarious relationship to language, masculine sexuation, and the role that objet a plays in our economy of desire. I will argue that these features are not accidental by-products of unique historical conditions, but rather properties of a particular structural organization. While these structures might themselves be products of particular socio-historical conditions, these features will be seen to be part and parcel of these particular forms of structural organization, such that where these structural organizations are present, these features will be present as well in much the same way that the hypotenuse of a right-triangle is a ratio of its relation to the other two sides.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Reading the work of Christo-pher Hitchens, Richard Dawkins, and Daniel Dennett, one gets the impression that questions of religion and theology revolve around whether or not these beliefs are accurate represen-tations of the world. However, as Levi-Strauss shows in The Savage Mind, the difference between mythological thought and scientific thought is not to be understood in terms of whether it is an accurate representation of the world, but rather both are variations of a common structural order. As Levi-Strauss understands it, both myth and scientific thought are characterized by identical mental operations, but are merely applied to different materials. While not wishing to follow Levi-Strauss all the way in arguing that structures are ahistorical invariants of the human mind, in this paper I do wish to argue—drawing heavily on Lacanian psychoanalytic theory—that religion is a particular structure of thought and human social formations. From this I will draw some struc-tural or systemic consequences that follow from this structural organization. In particular, I wish to identify some structural features characteristic of a particular type of religious thought and social organization pertaining to monotheism in terms of the subject’s precarious relationship to language, masculine sexuation, and the role that objet a plays in our economy of desire. I will argue that these features are not accidental by-products of unique historical conditions, but rather properties of a particular structural organization. While these structures might themselves be products of particular socio-historical conditions, these features will be seen to be part and parcel of these particular forms of structural organization, such that where these structural organizations are present, these features will be present as well in much the same way that the hypotenuse of a right-triangle is a ratio of its relation to the other two sides.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Improper Names for God</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Religious Language and the "Spinoza-Effect"</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Daniel Whistler</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This paper practises a Naturphi-losophie of language. I treat texts as rocks to examine the linguistic forces that constitute them. In other words, this paper is born out of a hyper-realist attitude to sense that asserts: what goes on in texts should be subject to a “linguistic physics.”2 In order to bring out this linguistic physics as fully as possible, what follows is devoted to the logic of sense (or, even better, the physics of sense3) in monist philosophies. As I shall argue, monism forces the philosopher to treat words as one more class of body colliding on a surface. This is because the mo-nist assertion that there is ultimately one thing in existence ultimately leads to the materialisation of language (at the same time as the linguistification of matter). A lacuna from the opening to Badiou’s Logic of Worlds clarifies this point: Today, natural belief [or democratic materialism] is condensed in a single statement: There are only bodies and languages. This statement is the axiom of contemporary conviction...It is then legitimate to counter [it] with a materialist dialectic, if by “materialist dialectic” we understand the following statement...There are only bodies and languages, except that there are truths.4There is of course a third option: “there are only bodies.”5According to such “monist materialism,” the linguistic is reduced to the corporeal; yet, this is a radical materialism that Badiou seems loath to mention. In this paper, however, I explore the implications of such a corporeal reduction of language by focusing on two monisms—Spinoza’s Ethics and Schelling’s Identitätsphilosophie.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This paper practises a Naturphi-losophie of language. I treat texts as rocks to examine the linguistic forces that constitute them. In other words, this paper is born out of a hyper-realist attitude to sense that asserts: what goes on in texts should be subject to a “linguistic physics.”2 In order to bring out this linguistic physics as fully as possible, what follows is devoted to the logic of sense (or, even better, the physics of sense3) in monist philosophies. As I shall argue, monism forces the philosopher to treat words as one more class of body colliding on a surface. This is because the mo-nist assertion that there is ultimately one thing in existence ultimately leads to the materialisation of language (at the same time as the linguistification of matter). A lacuna from the opening to Badiou’s Logic of Worlds clarifies this point: Today, natural belief [or democratic materialism] is condensed in a single statement: There are only bodies and languages. This statement is the axiom of contemporary conviction...It is then legitimate to counter [it] with a materialist dialectic, if by “materialist dialectic” we understand the following statement...There are only bodies and languages, except that there are truths.4There is of course a third option: “there are only bodies.”5According to such “monist materialism,” the linguistic is reduced to the corporeal; yet, this is a radical materialism that Badiou seems loath to mention. In this paper, however, I explore the implications of such a corporeal reduction of language by focusing on two monisms—Spinoza’s Ethics and Schelling’s Identitätsphilosophie.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Namelessness and the Speculative Turn</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">A Response to Whistler</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Daniel Colucciello Barber</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>Pace University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;I appreciate the engagement of my work that Daniel Whistler has provided. I do not think his read-ing is ultimately accurate, but that is to the side, because its point of approach allows me to develop a number of ideas that are central not only to the interpretation of Spinoza and the problematic of religious language (or the naming of the divine), but also—even moreso—to the future of thought in general after the speculative turn. In what follows I will argue, first, that Whistler fails to appreciate the way the concept of namelessness functions in my theoretical construction of Spinzoa’s thought. I will then address the various difficulties raised by Whistler’s own account of identity, before proceeding to consider how my disagreement with Whistler runs right to the heart of arguments about the nature of the speculative turn. Indeed, my contention is that namelessness, as I articulate its immanent relation with the act of naming, is resonant with an essential tendency in the work of philosophers such as Eugene Thacker and Ray Brassier. Finally, I will look at how the concept of namelessness serves to indicate and oppose a still-effective Christian hegemony over philosophy.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;I appreciate the engagement of my work that Daniel Whistler has provided. I do not think his read-ing is ultimately accurate, but that is to the side, because its point of approach allows me to develop a number of ideas that are central not only to the interpretation of Spinoza and the problematic of religious language (or the naming of the divine), but also—even moreso—to the future of thought in general after the speculative turn. In what follows I will argue, first, that Whistler fails to appreciate the way the concept of namelessness functions in my theoretical construction of Spinzoa’s thought. I will then address the various difficulties raised by Whistler’s own account of identity, before proceeding to consider how my disagreement with Whistler runs right to the heart of arguments about the nature of the speculative turn. Indeed, my contention is that namelessness, as I articulate its immanent relation with the act of naming, is resonant with an essential tendency in the work of philosophers such as Eugene Thacker and Ray Brassier. Finally, I will look at how the concept of namelessness serves to indicate and oppose a still-effective Christian hegemony over philosophy.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Diagonals</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Truth-Procedures in Derrida and Badiou</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Christopher Norris</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>Cardiff University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Badiou’s relationship to Derrida is complex, ambivalent, at times distinctly fraught, and often—despite an impeccable politeness of phrasing—somewhat impatient in tone. All the same it doesn’t exhibit anything like the pattern of routine inter-generational conflict that has characterised so many episodes of post-war French in-tellectual history. Thus it bears no resemblance to those acts of barely concealed parricidal intent by which Sartre ousted the dominant currencies of pre-war (whether rationalist or Bergson-influenced) thought, or the structuralism of Lévi-Strauss, Althusser and company purported to consign Sartrean existentialism to the dustbin of outworn humanist ideas, or structuralism in turn gave way to the combined assaults of post-structuralists, postmodernists and other such reactive movements. Indeed there is something decidedly majestic about the way that Badiou rises above such manifestations of the short-term Zeitgeist or sad displays of the odium scholasticumthat all too often substitutes for serious debate. His attitude toward Derrida—as evidenced by the brief but revealing encomium collected in the volume Pocket Pantheon—is one of admiration mixed with a certain ironic reserve and some shrewdly aimed though far from hostile remarks about the lack of any direct activist involvement on Derrida’s part in the events of May 1968. Even here Badiou is keen to make allowance for the highly mediated character of “deconstruc-tive politics” or the need to approach that topic with a due regard for Derrida’s immensely patient, meticulous and painstaking way with texts, among them (if belatedly) the texts of Marx. More than that: he puts the case for Derrida as a political thinker of the first importance, just so long as we read his work with the kind of extreme attentiveness and rigour that he brings to the work of others.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Badiou’s relationship to Derrida is complex, ambivalent, at times distinctly fraught, and often—despite an impeccable politeness of phrasing—somewhat impatient in tone. All the same it doesn’t exhibit anything like the pattern of routine inter-generational conflict that has characterised so many episodes of post-war French in-tellectual history. Thus it bears no resemblance to those acts of barely concealed parricidal intent by which Sartre ousted the dominant currencies of pre-war (whether rationalist or Bergson-influenced) thought, or the structuralism of Lévi-Strauss, Althusser and company purported to consign Sartrean existentialism to the dustbin of outworn humanist ideas, or structuralism in turn gave way to the combined assaults of post-structuralists, postmodernists and other such reactive movements. Indeed there is something decidedly majestic about the way that Badiou rises above such manifestations of the short-term Zeitgeist or sad displays of the odium scholasticumthat all too often substitutes for serious debate. His attitude toward Derrida—as evidenced by the brief but revealing encomium collected in the volume Pocket Pantheon—is one of admiration mixed with a certain ironic reserve and some shrewdly aimed though far from hostile remarks about the lack of any direct activist involvement on Derrida’s part in the events of May 1968. Even here Badiou is keen to make allowance for the highly mediated character of “deconstruc-tive politics” or the need to approach that topic with a due regard for Derrida’s immensely patient, meticulous and painstaking way with texts, among them (if belatedly) the texts of Marx. More than that: he puts the case for Derrida as a political thinker of the first importance, just so long as we read his work with the kind of extreme attentiveness and rigour that he brings to the work of others.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The name of Carl Gustav Jung tends not to be associated with a concern for philosophical realism, seen, as he is, as one of the worst apologists for obscurantism, mysticism and spiritualism of the modern age. Yet the thesis I try to defend here is that Jung’s work can be read as an elaborate attempt to escape the “correlationist circle” and the impasse of finitude every bit as rigorous and compelling as that undertaken by Quentin Meillassoux in After Finitude. I propose to advance this argument via a read-ing of that work of his which is considered perhaps the leastdefensible in terms of philosophical or scientific realism, namely the short treatise entitled Synchronicity: An Acausal Connecting Principle. It is here that the monist or “psychoid” ontology underpinning all of Jung’s psychological work on the archetypes of the collective unconscious is given its most extensive treatment. This, I will argue, rather than being a pre-critical metaphysical curio is a remarkably sophisticated philosophical concept, consistent with Kant’s transcendental conditions while transgressing them from within in order to undermine the gap of finitude between thought and being. In the letter to Marcus Herz of February 1772, in which he famously announces his readiness to embark on the critical project, Kant interrogates the correspondence between the object of our representation and the representation itself. What, he asks, guarantees the reference of the internal sense-image to the external object? If the former is merely the result of the subject’s being affected by the latter then it can be explained as of cause to effect, otherwise:if that in us which is called representation was active with regard to the object, i.e., if the object were produced by the representation itself [my italics] (as one thinks of divine cognitions as the archetypes of things) then the conformity of the representations with the objects would also be understood. And so one can at least understand the possibility of both an archetypal intellect, upon whose intuition the things themselves are grounded, as well as an ectypal intellect, which attains the data of its logical activity from the sensuous intuition of things.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The name of Carl Gustav Jung tends not to be associated with a concern for philosophical realism, seen, as he is, as one of the worst apologists for obscurantism, mysticism and spiritualism of the modern age. Yet the thesis I try to defend here is that Jung’s work can be read as an elaborate attempt to escape the “correlationist circle” and the impasse of finitude every bit as rigorous and compelling as that undertaken by Quentin Meillassoux in After Finitude. I propose to advance this argument via a read-ing of that work of his which is considered perhaps the leastdefensible in terms of philosophical or scientific realism, namely the short treatise entitled Synchronicity: An Acausal Connecting Principle. It is here that the monist or “psychoid” ontology underpinning all of Jung’s psychological work on the archetypes of the collective unconscious is given its most extensive treatment. This, I will argue, rather than being a pre-critical metaphysical curio is a remarkably sophisticated philosophical concept, consistent with Kant’s transcendental conditions while transgressing them from within in order to undermine the gap of finitude between thought and being. In the letter to Marcus Herz of February 1772, in which he famously announces his readiness to embark on the critical project, Kant interrogates the correspondence between the object of our representation and the representation itself. What, he asks, guarantees the reference of the internal sense-image to the external object? If the former is merely the result of the subject’s being affected by the latter then it can be explained as of cause to effect, otherwise:if that in us which is called representation was active with regard to the object, i.e., if the object were produced by the representation itself [my italics] (as one thinks of divine cognitions as the archetypes of things) then the conformity of the representations with the objects would also be understood. And so one can at least understand the possibility of both an archetypal intellect, upon whose intuition the things themselves are grounded, as well as an ectypal intellect, which attains the data of its logical activity from the sensuous intuition of things.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;trotzderaNhalteNdeN uNbeliebtheitder Metaphysik, sowie des Realis-mus innerhalb der kontinentalen Tradition, entwirft dieser Artikel den Umriss einer realistischen Metaphysik. Anstelle eines trüben Materialismus geistloser Atome und Billardkugeln, der üblicherweise heraufbeschworen wird, um den Spaß in der Philosophie zu verderben, werde ich einen selt-samen Realismus verteidigen. Dieses Modell beinhaltet eine Welt, vollgepackt mit gespenstigen, realen Objekten, die sich gegenseitig aus unerforschlicher Tiefe Signale senden und unfähig sind sich einander ganz zu berühren. Hier besteht eine offenkundige Bezie-hung zur Tradition, die als Okkasionalismus bekannt ist und die als Erste nahelegte, dass eine direkte Wechselwirkung zwischen Entitäten unmöglich sei. Eine andere klare Verbindung besteht zur verwandten skeptischen Tradition, die Objekte als nebenein-anderliegend und ohne direkte Verbindung betrachtet, obwohl die betreffenden Objekte hier eher menschliche Wahrnehmungen, denn reale unabhängige Objekte sind. Dennoch wird dieser Artikel die Lösung des Problems durch eine einsame, magische Superentität, die verantwortlich für jede Relation ist (sei es Gott für Malebranche und seine irakischen Vorläufer oder der menschliche Geist für Skep-tiker, Empiristen und Idealisten), zugunsten einer stellvertretenden Verursachung verwerfen, welche lokal über jeden Teil des Kosmos verteilt ist. Obwohl ihre Seltsamkeit eher zu Verwunderung als zu Widerstand führen mag, ist stellvertretende Verursachung nicht irgendein autistischer Mondstrahl, der durch das Fenster eines Asyls eindringt. Stattdessen ist sie die Startrampe für eine rigoros post-heideggerianische Philosophie einerseits, wie die angemes-sene Rückkehr zum ehrwürdigen Problem der Kommunikation zwischen Substanzen andererseits.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;trotzderaNhalteNdeN uNbeliebtheitder Metaphysik, sowie des Realis-mus innerhalb der kontinentalen Tradition, entwirft dieser Artikel den Umriss einer realistischen Metaphysik. Anstelle eines trüben Materialismus geistloser Atome und Billardkugeln, der üblicherweise heraufbeschworen wird, um den Spaß in der Philosophie zu verderben, werde ich einen selt-samen Realismus verteidigen. Dieses Modell beinhaltet eine Welt, vollgepackt mit gespenstigen, realen Objekten, die sich gegenseitig aus unerforschlicher Tiefe Signale senden und unfähig sind sich einander ganz zu berühren. Hier besteht eine offenkundige Bezie-hung zur Tradition, die als Okkasionalismus bekannt ist und die als Erste nahelegte, dass eine direkte Wechselwirkung zwischen Entitäten unmöglich sei. Eine andere klare Verbindung besteht zur verwandten skeptischen Tradition, die Objekte als nebenein-anderliegend und ohne direkte Verbindung betrachtet, obwohl die betreffenden Objekte hier eher menschliche Wahrnehmungen, denn reale unabhängige Objekte sind. Dennoch wird dieser Artikel die Lösung des Problems durch eine einsame, magische Superentität, die verantwortlich für jede Relation ist (sei es Gott für Malebranche und seine irakischen Vorläufer oder der menschliche Geist für Skep-tiker, Empiristen und Idealisten), zugunsten einer stellvertretenden Verursachung verwerfen, welche lokal über jeden Teil des Kosmos verteilt ist. Obwohl ihre Seltsamkeit eher zu Verwunderung als zu Widerstand führen mag, ist stellvertretende Verursachung nicht irgendein autistischer Mondstrahl, der durch das Fenster eines Asyls eindringt. Stattdessen ist sie die Startrampe für eine rigoros post-heideggerianische Philosophie einerseits, wie die angemes-sene Rückkehr zum ehrwürdigen Problem der Kommunikation zwischen Substanzen andererseits.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Presented as the first signifi-cant movement in continental philosophy since structuralism, speculative realism (SR) vociferously announces the end of correlationism and anthropocentrism in philosophy in favor of a “speculative turn.” By accommodating things, matter, sci-ence, and the real qua objects as important as (if not more so than) language, thought, the phenomenal, and the social, SR has garnered attention and criticism from all sides these past few years. “Speculative Realism” was originally the title of a conference in 2007 that brought together four lesser-known but promising philosophers, and then it subsequently spread like wildfire via the Internet through blogs and open-access publishers, in addition to the traditional journal articles, books, colloquia, conferences and other official channels of academia. It has now become a “legitimate” subject of scholarship, taught in certain departments of contemporary philosophy and aesthetics and acquiring a section on the website Phil-papers. And yet, what is SR? For SR seems to have become, in Anglo-Saxon “continental” circles, a buzzword, one of these fashionable terms whose meaning is obscured the more it spreads. Originally naming a philosophically diverse core of young philosophers seeking to emphasize themes that have become relatively marginal in continental philosophy such as metaphysical speculation, the inorganic, or the absolute, and united by a common refusal to attend solely to textual objects or phenomenal experience, this vague designation has sparked a diffuse desire among continental intellectuals to break with some presuppositions inherited from previous generations. Crystallizing a Zeitgeist, the term has lost its specificity, becoming the generic name for all those among the philosophical “young guard” who are laying claim to a “new metaphysics.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Presented as the first signifi-cant movement in continental philosophy since structuralism, speculative realism (SR) vociferously announces the end of correlationism and anthropocentrism in philosophy in favor of a “speculative turn.” By accommodating things, matter, sci-ence, and the real qua objects as important as (if not more so than) language, thought, the phenomenal, and the social, SR has garnered attention and criticism from all sides these past few years. “Speculative Realism” was originally the title of a conference in 2007 that brought together four lesser-known but promising philosophers, and then it subsequently spread like wildfire via the Internet through blogs and open-access publishers, in addition to the traditional journal articles, books, colloquia, conferences and other official channels of academia. It has now become a “legitimate” subject of scholarship, taught in certain departments of contemporary philosophy and aesthetics and acquiring a section on the website Phil-papers. And yet, what is SR? For SR seems to have become, in Anglo-Saxon “continental” circles, a buzzword, one of these fashionable terms whose meaning is obscured the more it spreads. Originally naming a philosophically diverse core of young philosophers seeking to emphasize themes that have become relatively marginal in continental philosophy such as metaphysical speculation, the inorganic, or the absolute, and united by a common refusal to attend solely to textual objects or phenomenal experience, this vague designation has sparked a diffuse desire among continental intellectuals to break with some presuppositions inherited from previous generations. Crystallizing a Zeitgeist, the term has lost its specificity, becoming the generic name for all those among the philosophical “young guard” who are laying claim to a “new metaphysics.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;ilN’yapasdehors-texte. If post-structuralism has had a motto—a proverb and quotable provocation—then surely it is this, from Derrida’s Of Grammatology.1Text has no outside. There is nothing outside the text. It is tempting to put a conventionally Kantian construction on these words—to see them, I mean, as bumping up against an old epistemo-logical barrier: Our thinking is intrinsically verbal—in that sense, textual—and it is therefore impossible for our minds to get past themselves, to leave themselves behind, to shed words and in that shedding to encounter objects as they really are, in their own skins, even when we’re not thinking them, plastering them with language, generating little mind-texts about them. But this is not, in fact, what the sentence says. Derrida’s claim would seem to be rather stronger than that: not There are unknowable objects outside of text, but There are outside of text no objects for us to know. So we reach for another gloss—There is only text...ain’t nothing but text—except the sentence isn’t really saying that either, since to say that there is nothing outside text points to the possibility that there is, in a manner yet to be explained, something inside text, and this something would not itself have to be text, any more than caramels in a carrying bag have to be made out of cellophane.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;ilN’yapasdehors-texte. If post-structuralism has had a motto—a proverb and quotable provocation—then surely it is this, from Derrida’s Of Grammatology.1Text has no outside. There is nothing outside the text. It is tempting to put a conventionally Kantian construction on these words—to see them, I mean, as bumping up against an old epistemo-logical barrier: Our thinking is intrinsically verbal—in that sense, textual—and it is therefore impossible for our minds to get past themselves, to leave themselves behind, to shed words and in that shedding to encounter objects as they really are, in their own skins, even when we’re not thinking them, plastering them with language, generating little mind-texts about them. But this is not, in fact, what the sentence says. Derrida’s claim would seem to be rather stronger than that: not There are unknowable objects outside of text, but There are outside of text no objects for us to know. So we reach for another gloss—There is only text...ain’t nothing but text—except the sentence isn’t really saying that either, since to say that there is nothing outside text points to the possibility that there is, in a manner yet to be explained, something inside text, and this something would not itself have to be text, any more than caramels in a carrying bag have to be made out of cellophane.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">The Noumenon's New Clothes (Part 1)</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Peter Wolfendale</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>Newcastle University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;A spectre is haunting conti-nental philosophy—the spectre of Object-Oriented Ontology(OOO). All the disciplines and groupings that have traditionally allied themselves with continental theory in the anglophone world are poised to greet its manifestation: aesthetic theory and artistic practice, political philosophy and heterodox ge-ography, Francophile post-post-structuralists and Germanist neo-romantics. Who among them has not heard the siren song of OOO’s litanies of inhuman objects (menageries of stock markets and stock cubes, quarks and clerks, etc.)? Who among them has not begun to shrug off the oppressive, anthropocentric legacy of Post-Kantian philosophy, bravely railing against the tyrannical correlationists of the continental academy, the dreary technicians of the analytic mainstream, and even the scientistic fury of its Neo-Kantian heirs?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;A spectre is haunting conti-nental philosophy—the spectre of Object-Oriented Ontology(OOO). All the disciplines and groupings that have traditionally allied themselves with continental theory in the anglophone world are poised to greet its manifestation: aesthetic theory and artistic practice, political philosophy and heterodox ge-ography, Francophile post-post-structuralists and Germanist neo-romantics. Who among them has not heard the siren song of OOO’s litanies of inhuman objects (menageries of stock markets and stock cubes, quarks and clerks, etc.)? Who among them has not begun to shrug off the oppressive, anthropocentric legacy of Post-Kantian philosophy, bravely railing against the tyrannical correlationists of the continental academy, the dreary technicians of the analytic mainstream, and even the scientistic fury of its Neo-Kantian heirs?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Of Realist Turns</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">A Conversation with Stathis Psillos</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Fabio Gironi</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>Cardiff University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Stathis Psillos is Professor of Philosophy of Science and Meta-physics in the Department of Phi-losophy and History of Science in the University of Athens, former president of the European Philosophy of Science Association and editor of the review journal Metascience. Psillos is one of the most prominent defenders of scientific realism in contemporary philosophy of science, and he for-mulated his arguments in defense of realism in two impor-tant monographs: Scientific Realism: How Science Tracks Truth(1999) and Knowing the Structure of Nature: Essays on Realism and Explanation (2009). Psillos’ investigation begins with the identification of three core theses of scientific realism:  The Metaphysical Thesis: the world has a definite and mind-independent natural-kind structure; The Semantic Thesis: scientific theories should be taken at face-value, being truth-conditioned descriptions of their intended domain, both observable and unobservable; The Epistemic Thesis: mature and predictively successful scientific theories are to be considered well-confirmed and approximately true descriptions of the world.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Stathis Psillos is Professor of Philosophy of Science and Meta-physics in the Department of Phi-losophy and History of Science in the University of Athens, former president of the European Philosophy of Science Association and editor of the review journal Metascience. Psillos is one of the most prominent defenders of scientific realism in contemporary philosophy of science, and he for-mulated his arguments in defense of realism in two impor-tant monographs: Scientific Realism: How Science Tracks Truth(1999) and Knowing the Structure of Nature: Essays on Realism and Explanation (2009). Psillos’ investigation begins with the identification of three core theses of scientific realism:  The Metaphysical Thesis: the world has a definite and mind-independent natural-kind structure; The Semantic Thesis: scientific theories should be taken at face-value, being truth-conditioned descriptions of their intended domain, both observable and unobservable; The Epistemic Thesis: mature and predictively successful scientific theories are to be considered well-confirmed and approximately true descriptions of the world.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <PersonName>Gironi, Fabio </PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">In Defense of Unfashionable Causes</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Daniel Sacilotto</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>University of California, Los Angeles</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;the democracyof objects is Levi Bryant’s first full-blown mono-graph since enlisting in the ranks of the recent philosophical movement known as Object Oriented Philosophy (oop). It offers an outline of what is a broadly novel metaphysical system which, following the work of Graham Harman, describes a reality composed of objects all throughout, and nothing besides. Seeking to displace the primacy of the relation between the human and the world, oop follows the basic intuitions of Quentin Meillassoux’s work in proposing an alternative to idealist and correlationist philosophies, in the arduous process of stepping out of the post-Kantian shadow of critique, wherein Continental theory and thought is said to have circularly roamed, imprisoned, for the past few centuries.1 However, unlike some of its fel-low Continental realists, oop’s approach for overcoming the putative force of the “circle of correlation” is to adopt a de-flationary strategy, in which the question about how humans access the world is construed as being just one more relation between objects in a metaphysical account. In that regard oop is not entirely new, in that it remains continuous with the trivialization of epistemology sought by many Continental thinkers during the 20th Century, promoting rather the restitution of the primacy of ontological questioning, i.e. the kind of radicalization of the critique of metaphysics of which Heidegger, Deleuze, and more recently Badiou, are perhaps the tradition’s most emblematic figures. However, rather than exacerbating the epistemological question of access to the point where strict epistemology becomes displaced in favor of an examination of its linguistic, historical, or socio-cultural conditions, oop proposes to dislodge philosophy from its human cohort altogether, the better to rehabilitate an exploration of “the great outdoors” philosophy had sown shut in favor of critique, making the world relative to our own faculties in some form or other.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;the democracyof objects is Levi Bryant’s first full-blown mono-graph since enlisting in the ranks of the recent philosophical movement known as Object Oriented Philosophy (oop). It offers an outline of what is a broadly novel metaphysical system which, following the work of Graham Harman, describes a reality composed of objects all throughout, and nothing besides. Seeking to displace the primacy of the relation between the human and the world, oop follows the basic intuitions of Quentin Meillassoux’s work in proposing an alternative to idealist and correlationist philosophies, in the arduous process of stepping out of the post-Kantian shadow of critique, wherein Continental theory and thought is said to have circularly roamed, imprisoned, for the past few centuries.1 However, unlike some of its fel-low Continental realists, oop’s approach for overcoming the putative force of the “circle of correlation” is to adopt a de-flationary strategy, in which the question about how humans access the world is construed as being just one more relation between objects in a metaphysical account. In that regard oop is not entirely new, in that it remains continuous with the trivialization of epistemology sought by many Continental thinkers during the 20th Century, promoting rather the restitution of the primacy of ontological questioning, i.e. the kind of radicalization of the critique of metaphysics of which Heidegger, Deleuze, and more recently Badiou, are perhaps the tradition’s most emblematic figures. However, rather than exacerbating the epistemological question of access to the point where strict epistemology becomes displaced in favor of an examination of its linguistic, historical, or socio-cultural conditions, oop proposes to dislodge philosophy from its human cohort altogether, the better to rehabilitate an exploration of “the great outdoors” philosophy had sown shut in favor of critique, making the world relative to our own faculties in some form or other.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Assessing the French Atheistic Turn</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Fabio Gironi</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In under a decade we have witnessed a proliferation of texts on “atheism,” so much so that the term “New Atheism”1 has become a widely employed label to describe the discourse of this intellectual current, and books propounding or opposing it compete on the shelves of bookstores. Mostly, unfortunately, the tone of this discourse ranges from the patronisingly sarcastic to the irresponsibly uninformed (in the case of atheism-friendly authors) and from the wisely condescending to the virulently obscurantist (in the case of religious apologists). Most commonly associ-ated with this movement are the naturalising reductions of religion by Daniel Dennett, the militant, neo-positivist Dar-winism of Richard Dawkins, the pedantically cultured work of Christopher Hitchens and the populist, mouth-foaming Islamophobia and self-righteous outbursts of Sam Harris (these four authors are often grouped together as the “Four Horsemen” of atheism) and—to quote at least one author from the other side of the intellectual barricade—the natural theology redux of Alister McGrath. With the exception of the best moments of Dennett’s work these publications usually suffer from a deficit of philosophically informed argumenta-tion and (even in Dennett’s work) of actual engagement with the historico-theological heritage that is part and parcel of our conceptual toolbox.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In under a decade we have witnessed a proliferation of texts on “atheism,” so much so that the term “New Atheism”1 has become a widely employed label to describe the discourse of this intellectual current, and books propounding or opposing it compete on the shelves of bookstores. Mostly, unfortunately, the tone of this discourse ranges from the patronisingly sarcastic to the irresponsibly uninformed (in the case of atheism-friendly authors) and from the wisely condescending to the virulently obscurantist (in the case of religious apologists). Most commonly associ-ated with this movement are the naturalising reductions of religion by Daniel Dennett, the militant, neo-positivist Dar-winism of Richard Dawkins, the pedantically cultured work of Christopher Hitchens and the populist, mouth-foaming Islamophobia and self-righteous outbursts of Sam Harris (these four authors are often grouped together as the “Four Horsemen” of atheism) and—to quote at least one author from the other side of the intellectual barricade—the natural theology redux of Alister McGrath. With the exception of the best moments of Dennett’s work these publications usually suffer from a deficit of philosophically informed argumenta-tion and (even in Dennett’s work) of actual engagement with the historico-theological heritage that is part and parcel of our conceptual toolbox.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Fight and Flight</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Dave Mesing</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>Villanova University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;“Together, we might be able to do dangerous subversive things, mischievous things.”1 Such is Andy Merrifield’s opening promise in his recent book Magi-cal Marxism: Subversive Politics and the Imagination. Merrifield situates the work between two poles of people: those who are more or less orthodox Marxists and those who are Marxists but don’t know it. Thus, despite the fact that Merrifield toys with central Marxist tenets, he avoids any notion of third-way rhetoric; Merrifield’s arguments are unapologetically Marxist, and his attempt to shake the tradition from within requires some working knowledge of Marx’s texts. This is not because Merrifield’s arguments are obscure. On the contrary, he is to be commended for how deftly he has condensed a wide range of difficult source material. Magical Marxism is a joy for the reader, and Merrifield’s broad attempt to inject some affirmation into the critical negativity of Marxism is reflected in his prose.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;“Together, we might be able to do dangerous subversive things, mischievous things.”1 Such is Andy Merrifield’s opening promise in his recent book Magi-cal Marxism: Subversive Politics and the Imagination. Merrifield situates the work between two poles of people: those who are more or less orthodox Marxists and those who are Marxists but don’t know it. Thus, despite the fact that Merrifield toys with central Marxist tenets, he avoids any notion of third-way rhetoric; Merrifield’s arguments are unapologetically Marxist, and his attempt to shake the tradition from within requires some working knowledge of Marx’s texts. This is not because Merrifield’s arguments are obscure. On the contrary, he is to be commended for how deftly he has condensed a wide range of difficult source material. Magical Marxism is a joy for the reader, and Merrifield’s broad attempt to inject some affirmation into the critical negativity of Marxism is reflected in his prose.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Circus Philosophicus</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Maxwell Kennel</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>University of Waterloo</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;After four vivid pages spent describing “the myth of the ferris wheel” Graham Harman sets into what some have called the most accessible introduction to Object Oriented Ontology to date. At around 25,000 words in length Circus Philosophicus reads nicely in one extended sitting, and very readily yields rewards to both the specialist and non-specialist reader. Situated within Harman’s expand-ing oeuvre Circus Philosophicus is not readily comparable with any of his other work work, with the possible exception of the forthcoming Treatise on Objects (Open Humanities Press), which Harman describes as having a similar sort of prose. 1The incomparable genre of Circus Philosophicus seems to have been the goal from the beginning, a fact made evident by the rear cover blurb which describes the goal to “restore myth to its central place in the discipline.” The following review will give a brief summary of the first half of Circus Philosophicus highlighting some pertinent details, while of-fering some closing comments on the interesting placement of the work within both the genre and the discourse of Object Oriented Ontology.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;After four vivid pages spent describing “the myth of the ferris wheel” Graham Harman sets into what some have called the most accessible introduction to Object Oriented Ontology to date. At around 25,000 words in length Circus Philosophicus reads nicely in one extended sitting, and very readily yields rewards to both the specialist and non-specialist reader. Situated within Harman’s expand-ing oeuvre Circus Philosophicus is not readily comparable with any of his other work work, with the possible exception of the forthcoming Treatise on Objects (Open Humanities Press), which Harman describes as having a similar sort of prose. 1The incomparable genre of Circus Philosophicus seems to have been the goal from the beginning, a fact made evident by the rear cover blurb which describes the goal to “restore myth to its central place in the discipline.” The following review will give a brief summary of the first half of Circus Philosophicus highlighting some pertinent details, while of-fering some closing comments on the interesting placement of the work within both the genre and the discourse of Object Oriented Ontology.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <PersonName>Kennel, Maxwell </PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;We are proud to say that this third volume of Specula-tions needs very little support from our editorial introduction. We have done our best to collect, in the pages that follow, outstanding contributions covering a wide range of topics (from the philosophy of religion to psychoanalysis, from the philosophy of science to gender studies), formats (articles, interviews, position pieces, translations and review essays) and authors (from well-published authors to the best among a new generation of philosophers).We would like to thank all the contributors and the peer reviewers for their patient collaboration during the editorial phase. We are also very grateful to the Atelier de métaphy-sique et d’ontologie contemporaines at the École Normale Supérieure, and their group of English translators (Mark Ohm, Leah Orth, Jon Cogburn and Emily Beck) for allowing us to publish the translation of one of their publications.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;We are proud to say that this third volume of Specula-tions needs very little support from our editorial introduction. We have done our best to collect, in the pages that follow, outstanding contributions covering a wide range of topics (from the philosophy of religion to psychoanalysis, from the philosophy of science to gender studies), formats (articles, interviews, position pieces, translations and review essays) and authors (from well-published authors to the best among a new generation of philosophers).We would like to thank all the contributors and the peer reviewers for their patient collaboration during the editorial phase. We are also very grateful to the Atelier de métaphy-sique et d’ontologie contemporaines at the École Normale Supérieure, and their group of English translators (Mark Ohm, Leah Orth, Jon Cogburn and Emily Beck) for allowing us to publish the translation of one of their publications.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Re-asking the Question of the Gendered Subject after Non-Philosophy</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Benjamin Norris</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Is a science of (non-)gender Identity constitution possible? What would be the object and proper method of this science? And, most importantly, what new spaces of (non-)philosophical investigation can be opened in light of such an analysis? At some point in time during its perpetual production and proliferation of problems, philosophy stumbled across a problem it called “the subject.” As time passed and philosophy roared on, the question of the subject has taken many differ-ent forms, been approached with many different methods and has yielded incredibly diverse and distinct answers.We have now come to a point where we no longer need to ask philosophically “what is the subject?” and “how is the subject’s individuality constituted?” but instead ask non-philosophically“how has philosophy produced its hypotheses, conditioned its methods and pre-determined its conclusions regarding the subject?”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Is a science of (non-)gender Identity constitution possible? What would be the object and proper method of this science? And, most importantly, what new spaces of (non-)philosophical investigation can be opened in light of such an analysis? At some point in time during its perpetual production and proliferation of problems, philosophy stumbled across a problem it called “the subject.” As time passed and philosophy roared on, the question of the subject has taken many differ-ent forms, been approached with many different methods and has yielded incredibly diverse and distinct answers.We have now come to a point where we no longer need to ask philosophically “what is the subject?” and “how is the subject’s individuality constituted?” but instead ask non-philosophically“how has philosophy produced its hypotheses, conditioned its methods and pre-determined its conclusions regarding the subject?”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Thing Called Love</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">That Old, Substantive, Relation</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Beatrice Marovich</PersonName>
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              <AffiliationIDType>40</AffiliationIDType>
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            <Affiliation>Drew University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Into what, precisely, do we plum-met when we fall into love? What, exactly, is produced when we makeit? When we are hungry for love, what stomach is nourished by that strange food? Colloquialisms are littered with a lan-guage that objectifies love, that turns it into a thing—not just something we can feel, but something we can touch, some-thing that hits us, changes us, throws us, consumes us, drives us. Popular parlance makes the love relation into something almost tangible, concrete, autonomous: love is some thing we fall into, love is a master key, love is a war, love is a bite of heaven, love is a virus. Such language begins to suggest that the “love object” is not, exactly, the person for whom you pine. Instead, it begins to look as though the “love object” is the relation, itself. Love takes on thing-like contours, becomes its own sort of creature. It does its own little cosmic dance.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Into what, precisely, do we plum-met when we fall into love? What, exactly, is produced when we makeit? When we are hungry for love, what stomach is nourished by that strange food? Colloquialisms are littered with a lan-guage that objectifies love, that turns it into a thing—not just something we can feel, but something we can touch, some-thing that hits us, changes us, throws us, consumes us, drives us. Popular parlance makes the love relation into something almost tangible, concrete, autonomous: love is some thing we fall into, love is a master key, love is a war, love is a bite of heaven, love is a virus. Such language begins to suggest that the “love object” is not, exactly, the person for whom you pine. Instead, it begins to look as though the “love object” is the relation, itself. Love takes on thing-like contours, becomes its own sort of creature. It does its own little cosmic dance.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">The Other Face of God</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Lacan, Theological Structure, and the Accursed Remainder</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Levi R. Bryant</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Reading the work of Christo-pher Hitchens, Richard Dawkins, and Daniel Dennett, one gets the impression that questions of religion and theology revolve around whether or not these beliefs are accurate represen-tations of the world. However, as Levi-Strauss shows in The Savage Mind, the difference between mythological thought and scientific thought is not to be understood in terms of whether it is an accurate representation of the world, but rather both are variations of a common structural order. As Levi-Strauss understands it, both myth and scientific thought are characterized by identical mental operations, but are merely applied to different materials. While not wishing to follow Levi-Strauss all the way in arguing that structures are ahistorical invariants of the human mind, in this paper I do wish to argue—drawing heavily on Lacanian psychoanalytic theory—that religion is a particular structure of thought and human social formations. From this I will draw some struc-tural or systemic consequences that follow from this structural organization. In particular, I wish to identify some structural features characteristic of a particular type of religious thought and social organization pertaining to monotheism in terms of the subject’s precarious relationship to language, masculine sexuation, and the role that objet a plays in our economy of desire. I will argue that these features are not accidental by-products of unique historical conditions, but rather properties of a particular structural organization. While these structures might themselves be products of particular socio-historical conditions, these features will be seen to be part and parcel of these particular forms of structural organization, such that where these structural organizations are present, these features will be present as well in much the same way that the hypotenuse of a right-triangle is a ratio of its relation to the other two sides.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Reading the work of Christo-pher Hitchens, Richard Dawkins, and Daniel Dennett, one gets the impression that questions of religion and theology revolve around whether or not these beliefs are accurate represen-tations of the world. However, as Levi-Strauss shows in The Savage Mind, the difference between mythological thought and scientific thought is not to be understood in terms of whether it is an accurate representation of the world, but rather both are variations of a common structural order. As Levi-Strauss understands it, both myth and scientific thought are characterized by identical mental operations, but are merely applied to different materials. While not wishing to follow Levi-Strauss all the way in arguing that structures are ahistorical invariants of the human mind, in this paper I do wish to argue—drawing heavily on Lacanian psychoanalytic theory—that religion is a particular structure of thought and human social formations. From this I will draw some struc-tural or systemic consequences that follow from this structural organization. In particular, I wish to identify some structural features characteristic of a particular type of religious thought and social organization pertaining to monotheism in terms of the subject’s precarious relationship to language, masculine sexuation, and the role that objet a plays in our economy of desire. I will argue that these features are not accidental by-products of unique historical conditions, but rather properties of a particular structural organization. While these structures might themselves be products of particular socio-historical conditions, these features will be seen to be part and parcel of these particular forms of structural organization, such that where these structural organizations are present, these features will be present as well in much the same way that the hypotenuse of a right-triangle is a ratio of its relation to the other two sides.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <PersonName>Bryant, Levi R. </PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Improper Names for God</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Religious Language and the "Spinoza-Effect"</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Daniel Whistler</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>University of Liverpool</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This paper practises a Naturphi-losophie of language. I treat texts as rocks to examine the linguistic forces that constitute them. In other words, this paper is born out of a hyper-realist attitude to sense that asserts: what goes on in texts should be subject to a “linguistic physics.”2 In order to bring out this linguistic physics as fully as possible, what follows is devoted to the logic of sense (or, even better, the physics of sense3) in monist philosophies. As I shall argue, monism forces the philosopher to treat words as one more class of body colliding on a surface. This is because the mo-nist assertion that there is ultimately one thing in existence ultimately leads to the materialisation of language (at the same time as the linguistification of matter). A lacuna from the opening to Badiou’s Logic of Worlds clarifies this point: Today, natural belief [or democratic materialism] is condensed in a single statement: There are only bodies and languages. This statement is the axiom of contemporary conviction...It is then legitimate to counter [it] with a materialist dialectic, if by “materialist dialectic” we understand the following statement...There are only bodies and languages, except that there are truths.4There is of course a third option: “there are only bodies.”5According to such “monist materialism,” the linguistic is reduced to the corporeal; yet, this is a radical materialism that Badiou seems loath to mention. In this paper, however, I explore the implications of such a corporeal reduction of language by focusing on two monisms—Spinoza’s Ethics and Schelling’s Identitätsphilosophie.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This paper practises a Naturphi-losophie of language. I treat texts as rocks to examine the linguistic forces that constitute them. In other words, this paper is born out of a hyper-realist attitude to sense that asserts: what goes on in texts should be subject to a “linguistic physics.”2 In order to bring out this linguistic physics as fully as possible, what follows is devoted to the logic of sense (or, even better, the physics of sense3) in monist philosophies. As I shall argue, monism forces the philosopher to treat words as one more class of body colliding on a surface. This is because the mo-nist assertion that there is ultimately one thing in existence ultimately leads to the materialisation of language (at the same time as the linguistification of matter). A lacuna from the opening to Badiou’s Logic of Worlds clarifies this point: Today, natural belief [or democratic materialism] is condensed in a single statement: There are only bodies and languages. This statement is the axiom of contemporary conviction...It is then legitimate to counter [it] with a materialist dialectic, if by “materialist dialectic” we understand the following statement...There are only bodies and languages, except that there are truths.4There is of course a third option: “there are only bodies.”5According to such “monist materialism,” the linguistic is reduced to the corporeal; yet, this is a radical materialism that Badiou seems loath to mention. In this paper, however, I explore the implications of such a corporeal reduction of language by focusing on two monisms—Spinoza’s Ethics and Schelling’s Identitätsphilosophie.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <PersonName>Whistler, Daniel</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Namelessness and the Speculative Turn</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">A Response to Whistler</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Daniel Colucciello Barber</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Daniel Colucciello</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Barber</KeyNames>
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            <Affiliation>Duke University</Affiliation>
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            <Affiliation>Pace University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;I appreciate the engagement of my work that Daniel Whistler has provided. I do not think his read-ing is ultimately accurate, but that is to the side, because its point of approach allows me to develop a number of ideas that are central not only to the interpretation of Spinoza and the problematic of religious language (or the naming of the divine), but also—even moreso—to the future of thought in general after the speculative turn. In what follows I will argue, first, that Whistler fails to appreciate the way the concept of namelessness functions in my theoretical construction of Spinzoa’s thought. I will then address the various difficulties raised by Whistler’s own account of identity, before proceeding to consider how my disagreement with Whistler runs right to the heart of arguments about the nature of the speculative turn. Indeed, my contention is that namelessness, as I articulate its immanent relation with the act of naming, is resonant with an essential tendency in the work of philosophers such as Eugene Thacker and Ray Brassier. Finally, I will look at how the concept of namelessness serves to indicate and oppose a still-effective Christian hegemony over philosophy.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;I appreciate the engagement of my work that Daniel Whistler has provided. I do not think his read-ing is ultimately accurate, but that is to the side, because its point of approach allows me to develop a number of ideas that are central not only to the interpretation of Spinoza and the problematic of religious language (or the naming of the divine), but also—even moreso—to the future of thought in general after the speculative turn. In what follows I will argue, first, that Whistler fails to appreciate the way the concept of namelessness functions in my theoretical construction of Spinzoa’s thought. I will then address the various difficulties raised by Whistler’s own account of identity, before proceeding to consider how my disagreement with Whistler runs right to the heart of arguments about the nature of the speculative turn. Indeed, my contention is that namelessness, as I articulate its immanent relation with the act of naming, is resonant with an essential tendency in the work of philosophers such as Eugene Thacker and Ray Brassier. Finally, I will look at how the concept of namelessness serves to indicate and oppose a still-effective Christian hegemony over philosophy.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Badiou’s relationship to Derrida is complex, ambivalent, at times distinctly fraught, and often—despite an impeccable politeness of phrasing—somewhat impatient in tone. All the same it doesn’t exhibit anything like the pattern of routine inter-generational conflict that has characterised so many episodes of post-war French in-tellectual history. Thus it bears no resemblance to those acts of barely concealed parricidal intent by which Sartre ousted the dominant currencies of pre-war (whether rationalist or Bergson-influenced) thought, or the structuralism of Lévi-Strauss, Althusser and company purported to consign Sartrean existentialism to the dustbin of outworn humanist ideas, or structuralism in turn gave way to the combined assaults of post-structuralists, postmodernists and other such reactive movements. Indeed there is something decidedly majestic about the way that Badiou rises above such manifestations of the short-term Zeitgeist or sad displays of the odium scholasticumthat all too often substitutes for serious debate. His attitude toward Derrida—as evidenced by the brief but revealing encomium collected in the volume Pocket Pantheon—is one of admiration mixed with a certain ironic reserve and some shrewdly aimed though far from hostile remarks about the lack of any direct activist involvement on Derrida’s part in the events of May 1968. Even here Badiou is keen to make allowance for the highly mediated character of “deconstruc-tive politics” or the need to approach that topic with a due regard for Derrida’s immensely patient, meticulous and painstaking way with texts, among them (if belatedly) the texts of Marx. More than that: he puts the case for Derrida as a political thinker of the first importance, just so long as we read his work with the kind of extreme attentiveness and rigour that he brings to the work of others.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Badiou’s relationship to Derrida is complex, ambivalent, at times distinctly fraught, and often—despite an impeccable politeness of phrasing—somewhat impatient in tone. All the same it doesn’t exhibit anything like the pattern of routine inter-generational conflict that has characterised so many episodes of post-war French in-tellectual history. Thus it bears no resemblance to those acts of barely concealed parricidal intent by which Sartre ousted the dominant currencies of pre-war (whether rationalist or Bergson-influenced) thought, or the structuralism of Lévi-Strauss, Althusser and company purported to consign Sartrean existentialism to the dustbin of outworn humanist ideas, or structuralism in turn gave way to the combined assaults of post-structuralists, postmodernists and other such reactive movements. Indeed there is something decidedly majestic about the way that Badiou rises above such manifestations of the short-term Zeitgeist or sad displays of the odium scholasticumthat all too often substitutes for serious debate. His attitude toward Derrida—as evidenced by the brief but revealing encomium collected in the volume Pocket Pantheon—is one of admiration mixed with a certain ironic reserve and some shrewdly aimed though far from hostile remarks about the lack of any direct activist involvement on Derrida’s part in the events of May 1968. Even here Badiou is keen to make allowance for the highly mediated character of “deconstruc-tive politics” or the need to approach that topic with a due regard for Derrida’s immensely patient, meticulous and painstaking way with texts, among them (if belatedly) the texts of Marx. More than that: he puts the case for Derrida as a political thinker of the first importance, just so long as we read his work with the kind of extreme attentiveness and rigour that he brings to the work of others.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The name of Carl Gustav Jung tends not to be associated with a concern for philosophical realism, seen, as he is, as one of the worst apologists for obscurantism, mysticism and spiritualism of the modern age. Yet the thesis I try to defend here is that Jung’s work can be read as an elaborate attempt to escape the “correlationist circle” and the impasse of finitude every bit as rigorous and compelling as that undertaken by Quentin Meillassoux in After Finitude. I propose to advance this argument via a read-ing of that work of his which is considered perhaps the leastdefensible in terms of philosophical or scientific realism, namely the short treatise entitled Synchronicity: An Acausal Connecting Principle. It is here that the monist or “psychoid” ontology underpinning all of Jung’s psychological work on the archetypes of the collective unconscious is given its most extensive treatment. This, I will argue, rather than being a pre-critical metaphysical curio is a remarkably sophisticated philosophical concept, consistent with Kant’s transcendental conditions while transgressing them from within in order to undermine the gap of finitude between thought and being. In the letter to Marcus Herz of February 1772, in which he famously announces his readiness to embark on the critical project, Kant interrogates the correspondence between the object of our representation and the representation itself. What, he asks, guarantees the reference of the internal sense-image to the external object? If the former is merely the result of the subject’s being affected by the latter then it can be explained as of cause to effect, otherwise:if that in us which is called representation was active with regard to the object, i.e., if the object were produced by the representation itself [my italics] (as one thinks of divine cognitions as the archetypes of things) then the conformity of the representations with the objects would also be understood. And so one can at least understand the possibility of both an archetypal intellect, upon whose intuition the things themselves are grounded, as well as an ectypal intellect, which attains the data of its logical activity from the sensuous intuition of things.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The name of Carl Gustav Jung tends not to be associated with a concern for philosophical realism, seen, as he is, as one of the worst apologists for obscurantism, mysticism and spiritualism of the modern age. Yet the thesis I try to defend here is that Jung’s work can be read as an elaborate attempt to escape the “correlationist circle” and the impasse of finitude every bit as rigorous and compelling as that undertaken by Quentin Meillassoux in After Finitude. I propose to advance this argument via a read-ing of that work of his which is considered perhaps the leastdefensible in terms of philosophical or scientific realism, namely the short treatise entitled Synchronicity: An Acausal Connecting Principle. It is here that the monist or “psychoid” ontology underpinning all of Jung’s psychological work on the archetypes of the collective unconscious is given its most extensive treatment. This, I will argue, rather than being a pre-critical metaphysical curio is a remarkably sophisticated philosophical concept, consistent with Kant’s transcendental conditions while transgressing them from within in order to undermine the gap of finitude between thought and being. In the letter to Marcus Herz of February 1772, in which he famously announces his readiness to embark on the critical project, Kant interrogates the correspondence between the object of our representation and the representation itself. What, he asks, guarantees the reference of the internal sense-image to the external object? If the former is merely the result of the subject’s being affected by the latter then it can be explained as of cause to effect, otherwise:if that in us which is called representation was active with regard to the object, i.e., if the object were produced by the representation itself [my italics] (as one thinks of divine cognitions as the archetypes of things) then the conformity of the representations with the objects would also be understood. And so one can at least understand the possibility of both an archetypal intellect, upon whose intuition the things themselves are grounded, as well as an ectypal intellect, which attains the data of its logical activity from the sensuous intuition of things.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;trotzderaNhalteNdeN uNbeliebtheitder Metaphysik, sowie des Realis-mus innerhalb der kontinentalen Tradition, entwirft dieser Artikel den Umriss einer realistischen Metaphysik. Anstelle eines trüben Materialismus geistloser Atome und Billardkugeln, der üblicherweise heraufbeschworen wird, um den Spaß in der Philosophie zu verderben, werde ich einen selt-samen Realismus verteidigen. Dieses Modell beinhaltet eine Welt, vollgepackt mit gespenstigen, realen Objekten, die sich gegenseitig aus unerforschlicher Tiefe Signale senden und unfähig sind sich einander ganz zu berühren. Hier besteht eine offenkundige Bezie-hung zur Tradition, die als Okkasionalismus bekannt ist und die als Erste nahelegte, dass eine direkte Wechselwirkung zwischen Entitäten unmöglich sei. Eine andere klare Verbindung besteht zur verwandten skeptischen Tradition, die Objekte als nebenein-anderliegend und ohne direkte Verbindung betrachtet, obwohl die betreffenden Objekte hier eher menschliche Wahrnehmungen, denn reale unabhängige Objekte sind. Dennoch wird dieser Artikel die Lösung des Problems durch eine einsame, magische Superentität, die verantwortlich für jede Relation ist (sei es Gott für Malebranche und seine irakischen Vorläufer oder der menschliche Geist für Skep-tiker, Empiristen und Idealisten), zugunsten einer stellvertretenden Verursachung verwerfen, welche lokal über jeden Teil des Kosmos verteilt ist. Obwohl ihre Seltsamkeit eher zu Verwunderung als zu Widerstand führen mag, ist stellvertretende Verursachung nicht irgendein autistischer Mondstrahl, der durch das Fenster eines Asyls eindringt. Stattdessen ist sie die Startrampe für eine rigoros post-heideggerianische Philosophie einerseits, wie die angemes-sene Rückkehr zum ehrwürdigen Problem der Kommunikation zwischen Substanzen andererseits.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;trotzderaNhalteNdeN uNbeliebtheitder Metaphysik, sowie des Realis-mus innerhalb der kontinentalen Tradition, entwirft dieser Artikel den Umriss einer realistischen Metaphysik. Anstelle eines trüben Materialismus geistloser Atome und Billardkugeln, der üblicherweise heraufbeschworen wird, um den Spaß in der Philosophie zu verderben, werde ich einen selt-samen Realismus verteidigen. Dieses Modell beinhaltet eine Welt, vollgepackt mit gespenstigen, realen Objekten, die sich gegenseitig aus unerforschlicher Tiefe Signale senden und unfähig sind sich einander ganz zu berühren. Hier besteht eine offenkundige Bezie-hung zur Tradition, die als Okkasionalismus bekannt ist und die als Erste nahelegte, dass eine direkte Wechselwirkung zwischen Entitäten unmöglich sei. Eine andere klare Verbindung besteht zur verwandten skeptischen Tradition, die Objekte als nebenein-anderliegend und ohne direkte Verbindung betrachtet, obwohl die betreffenden Objekte hier eher menschliche Wahrnehmungen, denn reale unabhängige Objekte sind. Dennoch wird dieser Artikel die Lösung des Problems durch eine einsame, magische Superentität, die verantwortlich für jede Relation ist (sei es Gott für Malebranche und seine irakischen Vorläufer oder der menschliche Geist für Skep-tiker, Empiristen und Idealisten), zugunsten einer stellvertretenden Verursachung verwerfen, welche lokal über jeden Teil des Kosmos verteilt ist. Obwohl ihre Seltsamkeit eher zu Verwunderung als zu Widerstand führen mag, ist stellvertretende Verursachung nicht irgendein autistischer Mondstrahl, der durch das Fenster eines Asyls eindringt. Stattdessen ist sie die Startrampe für eine rigoros post-heideggerianische Philosophie einerseits, wie die angemes-sene Rückkehr zum ehrwürdigen Problem der Kommunikation zwischen Substanzen andererseits.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Speculative Realism</TitleText>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Presented as the first signifi-cant movement in continental philosophy since structuralism, speculative realism (SR) vociferously announces the end of correlationism and anthropocentrism in philosophy in favor of a “speculative turn.” By accommodating things, matter, sci-ence, and the real qua objects as important as (if not more so than) language, thought, the phenomenal, and the social, SR has garnered attention and criticism from all sides these past few years. “Speculative Realism” was originally the title of a conference in 2007 that brought together four lesser-known but promising philosophers, and then it subsequently spread like wildfire via the Internet through blogs and open-access publishers, in addition to the traditional journal articles, books, colloquia, conferences and other official channels of academia. It has now become a “legitimate” subject of scholarship, taught in certain departments of contemporary philosophy and aesthetics and acquiring a section on the website Phil-papers. And yet, what is SR? For SR seems to have become, in Anglo-Saxon “continental” circles, a buzzword, one of these fashionable terms whose meaning is obscured the more it spreads. Originally naming a philosophically diverse core of young philosophers seeking to emphasize themes that have become relatively marginal in continental philosophy such as metaphysical speculation, the inorganic, or the absolute, and united by a common refusal to attend solely to textual objects or phenomenal experience, this vague designation has sparked a diffuse desire among continental intellectuals to break with some presuppositions inherited from previous generations. Crystallizing a Zeitgeist, the term has lost its specificity, becoming the generic name for all those among the philosophical “young guard” who are laying claim to a “new metaphysics.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Presented as the first signifi-cant movement in continental philosophy since structuralism, speculative realism (SR) vociferously announces the end of correlationism and anthropocentrism in philosophy in favor of a “speculative turn.” By accommodating things, matter, sci-ence, and the real qua objects as important as (if not more so than) language, thought, the phenomenal, and the social, SR has garnered attention and criticism from all sides these past few years. “Speculative Realism” was originally the title of a conference in 2007 that brought together four lesser-known but promising philosophers, and then it subsequently spread like wildfire via the Internet through blogs and open-access publishers, in addition to the traditional journal articles, books, colloquia, conferences and other official channels of academia. It has now become a “legitimate” subject of scholarship, taught in certain departments of contemporary philosophy and aesthetics and acquiring a section on the website Phil-papers. And yet, what is SR? For SR seems to have become, in Anglo-Saxon “continental” circles, a buzzword, one of these fashionable terms whose meaning is obscured the more it spreads. Originally naming a philosophically diverse core of young philosophers seeking to emphasize themes that have become relatively marginal in continental philosophy such as metaphysical speculation, the inorganic, or the absolute, and united by a common refusal to attend solely to textual objects or phenomenal experience, this vague designation has sparked a diffuse desire among continental intellectuals to break with some presuppositions inherited from previous generations. Crystallizing a Zeitgeist, the term has lost its specificity, becoming the generic name for all those among the philosophical “young guard” who are laying claim to a “new metaphysics.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;ilN’yapasdehors-texte. If post-structuralism has had a motto—a proverb and quotable provocation—then surely it is this, from Derrida’s Of Grammatology.1Text has no outside. There is nothing outside the text. It is tempting to put a conventionally Kantian construction on these words—to see them, I mean, as bumping up against an old epistemo-logical barrier: Our thinking is intrinsically verbal—in that sense, textual—and it is therefore impossible for our minds to get past themselves, to leave themselves behind, to shed words and in that shedding to encounter objects as they really are, in their own skins, even when we’re not thinking them, plastering them with language, generating little mind-texts about them. But this is not, in fact, what the sentence says. Derrida’s claim would seem to be rather stronger than that: not There are unknowable objects outside of text, but There are outside of text no objects for us to know. So we reach for another gloss—There is only text...ain’t nothing but text—except the sentence isn’t really saying that either, since to say that there is nothing outside text points to the possibility that there is, in a manner yet to be explained, something inside text, and this something would not itself have to be text, any more than caramels in a carrying bag have to be made out of cellophane.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;ilN’yapasdehors-texte. If post-structuralism has had a motto—a proverb and quotable provocation—then surely it is this, from Derrida’s Of Grammatology.1Text has no outside. There is nothing outside the text. It is tempting to put a conventionally Kantian construction on these words—to see them, I mean, as bumping up against an old epistemo-logical barrier: Our thinking is intrinsically verbal—in that sense, textual—and it is therefore impossible for our minds to get past themselves, to leave themselves behind, to shed words and in that shedding to encounter objects as they really are, in their own skins, even when we’re not thinking them, plastering them with language, generating little mind-texts about them. But this is not, in fact, what the sentence says. Derrida’s claim would seem to be rather stronger than that: not There are unknowable objects outside of text, but There are outside of text no objects for us to know. So we reach for another gloss—There is only text...ain’t nothing but text—except the sentence isn’t really saying that either, since to say that there is nothing outside text points to the possibility that there is, in a manner yet to be explained, something inside text, and this something would not itself have to be text, any more than caramels in a carrying bag have to be made out of cellophane.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">The Noumenon's New Clothes (Part 1)</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Peter Wolfendale</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;A spectre is haunting conti-nental philosophy—the spectre of Object-Oriented Ontology(OOO). All the disciplines and groupings that have traditionally allied themselves with continental theory in the anglophone world are poised to greet its manifestation: aesthetic theory and artistic practice, political philosophy and heterodox ge-ography, Francophile post-post-structuralists and Germanist neo-romantics. Who among them has not heard the siren song of OOO’s litanies of inhuman objects (menageries of stock markets and stock cubes, quarks and clerks, etc.)? Who among them has not begun to shrug off the oppressive, anthropocentric legacy of Post-Kantian philosophy, bravely railing against the tyrannical correlationists of the continental academy, the dreary technicians of the analytic mainstream, and even the scientistic fury of its Neo-Kantian heirs?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;A spectre is haunting conti-nental philosophy—the spectre of Object-Oriented Ontology(OOO). All the disciplines and groupings that have traditionally allied themselves with continental theory in the anglophone world are poised to greet its manifestation: aesthetic theory and artistic practice, political philosophy and heterodox ge-ography, Francophile post-post-structuralists and Germanist neo-romantics. Who among them has not heard the siren song of OOO’s litanies of inhuman objects (menageries of stock markets and stock cubes, quarks and clerks, etc.)? Who among them has not begun to shrug off the oppressive, anthropocentric legacy of Post-Kantian philosophy, bravely railing against the tyrannical correlationists of the continental academy, the dreary technicians of the analytic mainstream, and even the scientistic fury of its Neo-Kantian heirs?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Of Realist Turns</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">A Conversation with Stathis Psillos</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Fabio Gironi</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Stathis Psillos is Professor of Philosophy of Science and Meta-physics in the Department of Phi-losophy and History of Science in the University of Athens, former president of the European Philosophy of Science Association and editor of the review journal Metascience. Psillos is one of the most prominent defenders of scientific realism in contemporary philosophy of science, and he for-mulated his arguments in defense of realism in two impor-tant monographs: Scientific Realism: How Science Tracks Truth(1999) and Knowing the Structure of Nature: Essays on Realism and Explanation (2009). Psillos’ investigation begins with the identification of three core theses of scientific realism:  The Metaphysical Thesis: the world has a definite and mind-independent natural-kind structure; The Semantic Thesis: scientific theories should be taken at face-value, being truth-conditioned descriptions of their intended domain, both observable and unobservable; The Epistemic Thesis: mature and predictively successful scientific theories are to be considered well-confirmed and approximately true descriptions of the world.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Stathis Psillos is Professor of Philosophy of Science and Meta-physics in the Department of Phi-losophy and History of Science in the University of Athens, former president of the European Philosophy of Science Association and editor of the review journal Metascience. Psillos is one of the most prominent defenders of scientific realism in contemporary philosophy of science, and he for-mulated his arguments in defense of realism in two impor-tant monographs: Scientific Realism: How Science Tracks Truth(1999) and Knowing the Structure of Nature: Essays on Realism and Explanation (2009). Psillos’ investigation begins with the identification of three core theses of scientific realism:  The Metaphysical Thesis: the world has a definite and mind-independent natural-kind structure; The Semantic Thesis: scientific theories should be taken at face-value, being truth-conditioned descriptions of their intended domain, both observable and unobservable; The Epistemic Thesis: mature and predictively successful scientific theories are to be considered well-confirmed and approximately true descriptions of the world.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">In Defense of Unfashionable Causes</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Daniel Sacilotto</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;the democracyof objects is Levi Bryant’s first full-blown mono-graph since enlisting in the ranks of the recent philosophical movement known as Object Oriented Philosophy (oop). It offers an outline of what is a broadly novel metaphysical system which, following the work of Graham Harman, describes a reality composed of objects all throughout, and nothing besides. Seeking to displace the primacy of the relation between the human and the world, oop follows the basic intuitions of Quentin Meillassoux’s work in proposing an alternative to idealist and correlationist philosophies, in the arduous process of stepping out of the post-Kantian shadow of critique, wherein Continental theory and thought is said to have circularly roamed, imprisoned, for the past few centuries.1 However, unlike some of its fel-low Continental realists, oop’s approach for overcoming the putative force of the “circle of correlation” is to adopt a de-flationary strategy, in which the question about how humans access the world is construed as being just one more relation between objects in a metaphysical account. In that regard oop is not entirely new, in that it remains continuous with the trivialization of epistemology sought by many Continental thinkers during the 20th Century, promoting rather the restitution of the primacy of ontological questioning, i.e. the kind of radicalization of the critique of metaphysics of which Heidegger, Deleuze, and more recently Badiou, are perhaps the tradition’s most emblematic figures. However, rather than exacerbating the epistemological question of access to the point where strict epistemology becomes displaced in favor of an examination of its linguistic, historical, or socio-cultural conditions, oop proposes to dislodge philosophy from its human cohort altogether, the better to rehabilitate an exploration of “the great outdoors” philosophy had sown shut in favor of critique, making the world relative to our own faculties in some form or other.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;the democracyof objects is Levi Bryant’s first full-blown mono-graph since enlisting in the ranks of the recent philosophical movement known as Object Oriented Philosophy (oop). It offers an outline of what is a broadly novel metaphysical system which, following the work of Graham Harman, describes a reality composed of objects all throughout, and nothing besides. Seeking to displace the primacy of the relation between the human and the world, oop follows the basic intuitions of Quentin Meillassoux’s work in proposing an alternative to idealist and correlationist philosophies, in the arduous process of stepping out of the post-Kantian shadow of critique, wherein Continental theory and thought is said to have circularly roamed, imprisoned, for the past few centuries.1 However, unlike some of its fel-low Continental realists, oop’s approach for overcoming the putative force of the “circle of correlation” is to adopt a de-flationary strategy, in which the question about how humans access the world is construed as being just one more relation between objects in a metaphysical account. In that regard oop is not entirely new, in that it remains continuous with the trivialization of epistemology sought by many Continental thinkers during the 20th Century, promoting rather the restitution of the primacy of ontological questioning, i.e. the kind of radicalization of the critique of metaphysics of which Heidegger, Deleuze, and more recently Badiou, are perhaps the tradition’s most emblematic figures. However, rather than exacerbating the epistemological question of access to the point where strict epistemology becomes displaced in favor of an examination of its linguistic, historical, or socio-cultural conditions, oop proposes to dislodge philosophy from its human cohort altogether, the better to rehabilitate an exploration of “the great outdoors” philosophy had sown shut in favor of critique, making the world relative to our own faculties in some form or other.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Assessing the French Atheistic Turn</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Fabio Gironi</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In under a decade we have witnessed a proliferation of texts on “atheism,” so much so that the term “New Atheism”1 has become a widely employed label to describe the discourse of this intellectual current, and books propounding or opposing it compete on the shelves of bookstores. Mostly, unfortunately, the tone of this discourse ranges from the patronisingly sarcastic to the irresponsibly uninformed (in the case of atheism-friendly authors) and from the wisely condescending to the virulently obscurantist (in the case of religious apologists). Most commonly associ-ated with this movement are the naturalising reductions of religion by Daniel Dennett, the militant, neo-positivist Dar-winism of Richard Dawkins, the pedantically cultured work of Christopher Hitchens and the populist, mouth-foaming Islamophobia and self-righteous outbursts of Sam Harris (these four authors are often grouped together as the “Four Horsemen” of atheism) and—to quote at least one author from the other side of the intellectual barricade—the natural theology redux of Alister McGrath. With the exception of the best moments of Dennett’s work these publications usually suffer from a deficit of philosophically informed argumenta-tion and (even in Dennett’s work) of actual engagement with the historico-theological heritage that is part and parcel of our conceptual toolbox.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In under a decade we have witnessed a proliferation of texts on “atheism,” so much so that the term “New Atheism”1 has become a widely employed label to describe the discourse of this intellectual current, and books propounding or opposing it compete on the shelves of bookstores. Mostly, unfortunately, the tone of this discourse ranges from the patronisingly sarcastic to the irresponsibly uninformed (in the case of atheism-friendly authors) and from the wisely condescending to the virulently obscurantist (in the case of religious apologists). Most commonly associ-ated with this movement are the naturalising reductions of religion by Daniel Dennett, the militant, neo-positivist Dar-winism of Richard Dawkins, the pedantically cultured work of Christopher Hitchens and the populist, mouth-foaming Islamophobia and self-righteous outbursts of Sam Harris (these four authors are often grouped together as the “Four Horsemen” of atheism) and—to quote at least one author from the other side of the intellectual barricade—the natural theology redux of Alister McGrath. With the exception of the best moments of Dennett’s work these publications usually suffer from a deficit of philosophically informed argumenta-tion and (even in Dennett’s work) of actual engagement with the historico-theological heritage that is part and parcel of our conceptual toolbox.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Fight and Flight</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Dave Mesing</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>Villanova University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;“Together, we might be able to do dangerous subversive things, mischievous things.”1 Such is Andy Merrifield’s opening promise in his recent book Magi-cal Marxism: Subversive Politics and the Imagination. Merrifield situates the work between two poles of people: those who are more or less orthodox Marxists and those who are Marxists but don’t know it. Thus, despite the fact that Merrifield toys with central Marxist tenets, he avoids any notion of third-way rhetoric; Merrifield’s arguments are unapologetically Marxist, and his attempt to shake the tradition from within requires some working knowledge of Marx’s texts. This is not because Merrifield’s arguments are obscure. On the contrary, he is to be commended for how deftly he has condensed a wide range of difficult source material. Magical Marxism is a joy for the reader, and Merrifield’s broad attempt to inject some affirmation into the critical negativity of Marxism is reflected in his prose.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;“Together, we might be able to do dangerous subversive things, mischievous things.”1 Such is Andy Merrifield’s opening promise in his recent book Magi-cal Marxism: Subversive Politics and the Imagination. Merrifield situates the work between two poles of people: those who are more or less orthodox Marxists and those who are Marxists but don’t know it. Thus, despite the fact that Merrifield toys with central Marxist tenets, he avoids any notion of third-way rhetoric; Merrifield’s arguments are unapologetically Marxist, and his attempt to shake the tradition from within requires some working knowledge of Marx’s texts. This is not because Merrifield’s arguments are obscure. On the contrary, he is to be commended for how deftly he has condensed a wide range of difficult source material. Magical Marxism is a joy for the reader, and Merrifield’s broad attempt to inject some affirmation into the critical negativity of Marxism is reflected in his prose.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;With this special volume of Speculations, the editors wanted to challenge the contested term “speculative realism,” offering scholars who have some involvement with it a space to voice their opinions of the network of ideas commonly associated with the name. Whilst undoubtedly born under speculative realist auspices, Speculations has never tried to be the gospel of a dogmatic speculative realist church, but rather instead to cultivate the best theoretical lines sprouting from the resurgence, in the last few years, of those speculative and realist concerns attempting to break free from some of the most stringent constraints of critique. Sociologist Randall Collins observed that, unlike other fields of intellectual inquiry, “[p]hilosophy has the peculiarity of periodically shifting its own grounds, but always in the direction of claiming or at least seeking the standpoint of greatest generality and importance.” If this is the case, to deny that a shift of grounds has indeed become manifest in these early decades of the twenty-first century would be, at best, a sign of a severe lack of philosophical sensitivity. On the other hand, whether or not this shift has been towards greater importance (and in respect to what?) is not only a legitimate but a necessary question to ask.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Whatever the intrinsic value in the name, the contributors to this volume have all engaged, more or less directly, with a critical analysis of the vices and virtues of “speculative realism”: from the extent to which its adversarial stance towards previous philosophical stances is justified to whether it succeeds (or fails) to address satisfactorily the concerns that ostensibly motivate it, through to an assessment of the methods of dissemination of its core ideas. The contributions are divided in two sections, titled “Reflections” and “Proposals,” describing, with some inevitable overlap, two kinds of approach to the question of speculative realism: one geared towards its retrospective and its critical appraisal, and the other concerned with the positive proposition of alternative or parallel approaches to it. It is believed that the final result, in its heterogeneity, will be of better service to the philosophical community than a dubiously univocal descriptive recapitulation of “speculative realist tenets.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;With this special issue of Speculations we wanted to challenge the contested term “speculative realism,” offering scholars who have some involvement with it a space to voice their opinions of the network of ideas commonly associated with the name. Whilst undoubtedly born under speculative realist auspices, Speculations has never tried to be the gospel of a dogmatic speculative realist church, but rather instead to cultivate the best theoretical lines sprouting from the resurgence, in the last few years, of those speculative and realist concerns attempting to break free from some of the most stringent constraints of critique. Sociologist Randall Collins observed that, unlike other fields of intel-lectual inquiry, “[p]hilosophy has the peculiarity of periodically shifting its own grounds, but always in the direction of claiming or at least seeking the standpoint of greatest generality and importance.”1If this is the case, to deny that a shift of grounds hasindeed become manifest in these early decades of the twenty-first century would be, at best, a sign of a severe lack of philosophical sensitivity. On the other hand, whether or not this shift has been towards greater importance (and in respect to what?) is not only a legitimate but a necessary question to ask.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Philosophy is a means of escape. Our presence in this world is an accident, in both senses of the word, an unfortunate fate that has befallen us as we have fallen into it. This is a world of shadows and reflections, of illusions and elisions, of waste and death. It is a reality in decay that has, paradoxically, always been in decay, a ruins that was never whole.We are in this world, but we do not belong here. We yearn for a reality that is real, and a truth that is true. Since these are not to be found among the detritus of everyday life, we must seek it in a world beyond or behind this one, a realm that truly exists because it has no whiff of non-existence about it—no destruction, no imperfections, no suffering, no death. Our duty in this life is to escape this life, to withdraw physically, emotionally, intellectually, spiritually from these shadows, to slip the bonds that hold us—to escape. And philosophy is what shows us our goal and guides us to it.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Politics and Speculative Realism</TitleText>
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            <Affiliation>Collin College</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Since its birth in 2007, speculative realism (SR) has generated a great deal of controversy in journals, the theory blogosphere, and at conferences. One would search in vain for a unified “speculative realist” position or doctrine. The four original speculative realists who coined the term—Ray Brassier, Gra-ham Harman, Iain Hamilton Grant, and Quentin Meillassoux—argue for very different ontologies and epistemologies, opposed to one another in a number of respects. If there is anything that unites their positions, it is 1) a defense of some variant of realism or materialism, and 2) a critique of correla-tionism. First coined by Meillassoux, correlationism is the thesis that we can only ever speak of being as a correlate of the subject and never the world and subject apart from one another.2 Beyond that, the sort of realism (or materialism) each of these think-ers defends and how they critique correlationism diverges quite substantially.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Since its birth in 2007, speculative realism (SR) has generated a great deal of controversy in journals, the theory blogosphere, and at conferences. One would search in vain for a unified “speculative realist” position or doctrine. The four original speculative realists who coined the term—Ray Brassier, Gra-ham Harman, Iain Hamilton Grant, and Quentin Meillassoux—argue for very different ontologies and epistemologies, opposed to one another in a number of respects. If there is anything that unites their positions, it is 1) a defense of some variant of realism or materialism, and 2) a critique of correla-tionism. First coined by Meillassoux, correlationism is the thesis that we can only ever speak of being as a correlate of the subject and never the world and subject apart from one another.2 Beyond that, the sort of realism (or materialism) each of these think-ers defends and how they critique correlationism diverges quite substantially.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">The Current State of Speculative Realism</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Graham Harman</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>American University in Cairo</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Elsewhere I have told the history of Speculative Realism, and will not repeat it here.1 Though some prefer the lower-case phrase “speculative realism,” I deliberately use capital letters, since Speculative Realism is a proper name. It originally referred to an assembly of four philosophers for an April 2007 workshop in London: Ray Brassier, Iain Hamilton Grant, Quentin Meillassoux, and the author of this article. So much for the history of the movement.Any discussion of Speculative Realism needs to begin by avoiding the intermittent and pointless debate over whether Speculative Realism “really exists.” This question comes five years too late to be meaningful, and generally takes the form of a put-down rather than a bona fide question. Speculative Realism is now the topic of a thriving book series at a major university press, and the subject of at least one forthcoming monograph.2 It is embedded in the editorial policy of several philosophy journals. It has become a terme d’art in architecture, archae-ology, geography, the visual arts, and even history. It has crossed national boundaries with ease, and is surely the central theme of discussion in the growing continental philosophy blogosphere. Speculative Re-alism is the topic of several postdoctoral fellowships offered in the United States this year. It has been the subject of semester-long classes at universities as well as graduate theses in Paris. Though there are still tough tests ahead concerning the breadth and durability of Speculative Realism, it has long since passed the “existence” test to a far greater degree than most of its critics.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Elsewhere I have told the history of Speculative Realism, and will not repeat it here.1 Though some prefer the lower-case phrase “speculative realism,” I deliberately use capital letters, since Speculative Realism is a proper name. It originally referred to an assembly of four philosophers for an April 2007 workshop in London: Ray Brassier, Iain Hamilton Grant, Quentin Meillassoux, and the author of this article. So much for the history of the movement.Any discussion of Speculative Realism needs to begin by avoiding the intermittent and pointless debate over whether Speculative Realism “really exists.” This question comes five years too late to be meaningful, and generally takes the form of a put-down rather than a bona fide question. Speculative Realism is now the topic of a thriving book series at a major university press, and the subject of at least one forthcoming monograph.2 It is embedded in the editorial policy of several philosophy journals. It has become a terme d’art in architecture, archae-ology, geography, the visual arts, and even history. It has crossed national boundaries with ease, and is surely the central theme of discussion in the growing continental philosophy blogosphere. Speculative Re-alism is the topic of several postdoctoral fellowships offered in the United States this year. It has been the subject of semester-long classes at universities as well as graduate theses in Paris. Though there are still tough tests ahead concerning the breadth and durability of Speculative Realism, it has long since passed the “existence” test to a far greater degree than most of its critics.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Weird Reading</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Eileen A. Joy</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>Southern Illinois University Edwardsville</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;It may seem strange to open an essay on the possi-bilities of Speculative Realist (SR) literary reading modes with a quotation from Derrida, whose sta-tus as one of the architects of the “linguistic turn” within the humanities supposedly makes him an enemy (or at least, an often convenient whipping post) of the new realists. Such is the odd flavor of this essay, which, situated outside of philosophy proper, seeks a more anti-disciplinary and even autistic relational field—that is to say, an amod-al, synaesthetic, fluid, and diffusely intentional model for discerning relations among thinkers and objects.2 Unlike Graham Harman (although very much influenced by him), who opened his essay “Vicarious Causation” by saying his theory of causation “is not some autistic moonbeam entering the window of an asylum,” but rather a “launching pad for a rigorous post-Heideggerian philosophy,”3I am hoping to follow just such moonbeams into many-chambered asylums. My thinking is hopefully rigorous, but also unreasonable.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;It may seem strange to open an essay on the possi-bilities of Speculative Realist (SR) literary reading modes with a quotation from Derrida, whose sta-tus as one of the architects of the “linguistic turn” within the humanities supposedly makes him an enemy (or at least, an often convenient whipping post) of the new realists. Such is the odd flavor of this essay, which, situated outside of philosophy proper, seeks a more anti-disciplinary and even autistic relational field—that is to say, an amod-al, synaesthetic, fluid, and diffusely intentional model for discerning relations among thinkers and objects.2 Unlike Graham Harman (although very much influenced by him), who opened his essay “Vicarious Causation” by saying his theory of causation “is not some autistic moonbeam entering the window of an asylum,” but rather a “launching pad for a rigorous post-Heideggerian philosophy,”3I am hoping to follow just such moonbeams into many-chambered asylums. My thinking is hopefully rigorous, but also unreasonable.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">A Dangerous Supplement</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Speculative Realism, Academic Blogging, and the Future of Philosophy</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Adam Kotsko</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>North Central College</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In many ways, the rise of Speculative Realism has been one of the most promising developments in contemporary continental philosophy. It has brought to the fore many concerns—above all the philosophy of science—that have been neglected by Anglophone continentalists, and it has introduced the English-speaking world to a range of new or previously neglected thinkers (such as Quentin Meillassoux and François Laruelle, respectively). In a field that has always had a tendency toward commentary, the movement has also emboldened Anglophone continentalists to begin writing “primary sources,” developing their own concepts and systems. The excitement surrounding these new developments has been so great that John D. Caputo, a dyed-in-the-wool Derridean, went so far as to devote his final graduate seminar to thinkers associated with this new push toward realism.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In many ways, the rise of Speculative Realism has been one of the most promising developments in contemporary continental philosophy. It has brought to the fore many concerns—above all the philosophy of science—that have been neglected by Anglophone continentalists, and it has introduced the English-speaking world to a range of new or previously neglected thinkers (such as Quentin Meillassoux and François Laruelle, respectively). In a field that has always had a tendency toward commentary, the movement has also emboldened Anglophone continentalists to begin writing “primary sources,” developing their own concepts and systems. The excitement surrounding these new developments has been so great that John D. Caputo, a dyed-in-the-wool Derridean, went so far as to devote his final graduate seminar to thinkers associated with this new push toward realism.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Speculative Realism</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Interim with Just a Few Caveats</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Christopher Norris</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Like a good many others I was greatly impressed when I first read Quentin Meillassoux’s After Fin-itude—at any rate its opening section—and even more so to witness its extraordinary impact among the livelier sections of the continental philosophy community over the next few years.1 What the book clearly marked was a full-scale retreat (for which, read “advance”) from the kinds of far-out anti-re-alist, constructivist, or socio-linguistic-relativist position that had captured the high ground across large swathes of the post-1970 continentally influ-enced humanities, philosophy included. In its place there now emerged a hard-line objectivist realism which defined itself squarely against that whole theoretical-cultural mindset. Moreover it did so with primary reference to just those disputed zones, like epistemology and philosophy of science, where anti-realism had pressed its case with maximum vehemence and rhetorical if not argumentative force.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Like a good many others I was greatly impressed when I first read Quentin Meillassoux’s After Fin-itude—at any rate its opening section—and even more so to witness its extraordinary impact among the livelier sections of the continental philosophy community over the next few years.1 What the book clearly marked was a full-scale retreat (for which, read “advance”) from the kinds of far-out anti-re-alist, constructivist, or socio-linguistic-relativist position that had captured the high ground across large swathes of the post-1970 continentally influ-enced humanities, philosophy included. In its place there now emerged a hard-line objectivist realism which defined itself squarely against that whole theoretical-cultural mindset. Moreover it did so with primary reference to just those disputed zones, like epistemology and philosophy of science, where anti-realism had pressed its case with maximum vehemence and rhetorical if not argumentative force.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <PersonName>Norris, Christopher</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">The Future of an Illusion</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Jon Roffe</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>Deakin University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;“Frank Auerbach’s career says little about the ‘art world,’ except that it may not matter much to a real artist’s growth.” So begins what is likely Robert Hughes’ best book on the work of a single artist, with the possible exception of the brilliant if patchy Goya. The sentiment, it seems to me, is equally applicable to the Frankenstein’s monster called speculative realism. Insofar as the various acts of this genre are philosophical, they remain within Plato’s ambit, and must be considered on the same grounds. This means, first (a first patently obvious claim), that whatever the novel new content of philosophy, its form is what it has always been. In other words, to paraphrase a famous sentiment about music, there are still only two types of philosophy: good and bad. That someone nominates themselves as a Platonist, an empiricist, or as engaged in object oriented phi-losophy is of absolutely zero philosophical import. What matters is the philosophical work that they engage in, what they manage to construct and support in this effort. Philosophy is not a game of proper names, despite the profoundly boring role played in the contemporary culture of thought. Patronymy is to philosophy a facsimile of Zarathustra’s ape. Here is one of the key differences between philosophy and psychoanalysis: in the former, the proper name, despite its ubiquity, has no essential significance. Or, to be more precise, the proper name does not function patronymically, but rather to index a problem or problematic conceptual nexus. That beautiful figment in the Foucauldian imaginarium, the “year without a name,”1 is—or at least, should be—the rule for philosophy, an irreducible com-ponent of the philosophical gambit. Philosophy is anonymous a priori, and the proper name operates within it as a mask.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;“Frank Auerbach’s career says little about the ‘art world,’ except that it may not matter much to a real artist’s growth.” So begins what is likely Robert Hughes’ best book on the work of a single artist, with the possible exception of the brilliant if patchy Goya. The sentiment, it seems to me, is equally applicable to the Frankenstein’s monster called speculative realism. Insofar as the various acts of this genre are philosophical, they remain within Plato’s ambit, and must be considered on the same grounds. This means, first (a first patently obvious claim), that whatever the novel new content of philosophy, its form is what it has always been. In other words, to paraphrase a famous sentiment about music, there are still only two types of philosophy: good and bad. That someone nominates themselves as a Platonist, an empiricist, or as engaged in object oriented phi-losophy is of absolutely zero philosophical import. What matters is the philosophical work that they engage in, what they manage to construct and support in this effort. Philosophy is not a game of proper names, despite the profoundly boring role played in the contemporary culture of thought. Patronymy is to philosophy a facsimile of Zarathustra’s ape. Here is one of the key differences between philosophy and psychoanalysis: in the former, the proper name, despite its ubiquity, has no essential significance. Or, to be more precise, the proper name does not function patronymically, but rather to index a problem or problematic conceptual nexus. That beautiful figment in the Foucauldian imaginarium, the “year without a name,”1 is—or at least, should be—the rule for philosophy, an irreducible com-ponent of the philosophical gambit. Philosophy is anonymous a priori, and the proper name operates within it as a mask.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <PersonName>Roffe, Jon</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Realism And Representation</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">On the Ontological Turn</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Daniel Sacilotto</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>California Institute of the Arts</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The views associated with the title “speculative realism” are often coordinated with a so-called “ontological turn” that is said to have taken place in recent Continental philosophy.1 Yet it is rather unclear what exactly such a turn is supposed to entail. If, as Meillassoux argues, it is Kant’s name that sets the horizon for the anti-realist denouement that presumably characterizes both correlationism and idealism, then something like the overcoming of the critical turn in philosophy would seem to be centrally at stake.2 The turn towards ontology pro-posed by the new realists would then be the obverse of a turning away from Kantian epistemology and its implications. And, yet again, there are at least two historical vectors which we can intuitively link to an “ontological turn,” conceived as the overcoming of the critical paradigm.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The views associated with the title “speculative realism” are often coordinated with a so-called “ontological turn” that is said to have taken place in recent Continental philosophy.1 Yet it is rather unclear what exactly such a turn is supposed to entail. If, as Meillassoux argues, it is Kant’s name that sets the horizon for the anti-realist denouement that presumably characterizes both correlationism and idealism, then something like the overcoming of the critical turn in philosophy would seem to be centrally at stake.2 The turn towards ontology pro-posed by the new realists would then be the obverse of a turning away from Kantian epistemology and its implications. And, yet again, there are at least two historical vectors which we can intuitively link to an “ontological turn,” conceived as the overcoming of the critical paradigm.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <PersonName>Sacilotto, Daniel</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">"The World is an Egg"</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Realism, Mathematics, and the Thresholds of Difference</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Jeffrey A. Bell</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Jeffrey A.</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Bell</KeyNames>
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              <AffiliationIDType>40</AffiliationIDType>
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            </AffiliationIdentifier>
            <Affiliation>Southeastern Louisiana University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;To most people, the question or problem of realism—realism taken here to mean that there is a reality independent of our awareness or consciousness of this reality—is neither a question nor a problem; it is simply taken for granted. It is one of the unques-tioned assumptions of daily life. When I leave the house, there is no question my laptop remains where I left it and will be there upon my return; there is no question that there were many things in existence before my birth and that there will continue to be many things after my death; and finally, there is no question that there was a wealth of things in existence—stars, planets, dinosaurs, etc.—before the emergence of conscious, inquiring human beings. In our daily lives, therefore, to be a realist is a matter of common sense.1 When we begin to ask what it is that is real, however, or when we seek to determine whether our judgments regarding the nature of reality are correct or not, we begin to enter a quagmire of difficulties that have beset philosophers since the beginning of philosophy itself.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;To most people, the question or problem of realism—realism taken here to mean that there is a reality independent of our awareness or consciousness of this reality—is neither a question nor a problem; it is simply taken for granted. It is one of the unques-tioned assumptions of daily life. When I leave the house, there is no question my laptop remains where I left it and will be there upon my return; there is no question that there were many things in existence before my birth and that there will continue to be many things after my death; and finally, there is no question that there was a wealth of things in existence—stars, planets, dinosaurs, etc.—before the emergence of conscious, inquiring human beings. In our daily lives, therefore, to be a realist is a matter of common sense.1 When we begin to ask what it is that is real, however, or when we seek to determine whether our judgments regarding the nature of reality are correct or not, we begin to enter a quagmire of difficulties that have beset philosophers since the beginning of philosophy itself.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Ontological Commitments</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Manuel DeLanda</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Manuel</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>DeLanda</KeyNames>
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            <Affiliation>University of Pennsylvania</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Any philosophy commits itself, explicitly or implicitly, to assert the existence of the entities that it intends to describe or explain. Philosophers who deny the truth of this statement—affirming for example that specifying what kinds of entities populate their world constrains their ability to think—usually assume an implicit ontology which is, for the same reason, uncritically accepted and poorly analyzed. Hence, declaring one’s ontological commitments from the start should be standard procedure in philosophy. Although ontologies vary widely, and it is unwise to try to fit them into a rigid taxonomy, for the purposes of this brief essay they can be classified into three categories: idealist, empiricist, and realist. For the idealist philosopher there are no entities that exist independently of the human mind; for the empiricist entities that can be directly observed can be said to be mind-independent, but everything else (electrons, viruses, causal capacities etc.) is a mere theoretical construct that is helpful in making sense of that which can be directly ob-served; for the realist, finally, there are many types of entities that exist autonomously even if they are not directly given to our senses.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Any philosophy commits itself, explicitly or implicitly, to assert the existence of the entities that it intends to describe or explain. Philosophers who deny the truth of this statement—affirming for example that specifying what kinds of entities populate their world constrains their ability to think—usually assume an implicit ontology which is, for the same reason, uncritically accepted and poorly analyzed. Hence, declaring one’s ontological commitments from the start should be standard procedure in philosophy. Although ontologies vary widely, and it is unwise to try to fit them into a rigid taxonomy, for the purposes of this brief essay they can be classified into three categories: idealist, empiricist, and realist. For the idealist philosopher there are no entities that exist independently of the human mind; for the empiricist entities that can be directly observed can be said to be mind-independent, but everything else (electrons, viruses, causal capacities etc.) is a mere theoretical construct that is helpful in making sense of that which can be directly ob-served; for the realist, finally, there are many types of entities that exist autonomously even if they are not directly given to our senses.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <PersonName>DeLanda, Manuel</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">The Meaning of "Existence" and the Contingency of Sense</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Markus Gabriel</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>University of Bonn</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In Western philosophy, the last century was dom-inated by the view that metaphysics and ontology were hopelessly doomed to failure. Many reasons have been given for different versions of this claim, most of them inspired by broadly Kantian epistemo-logical considerations. Kant famously claimed, “the proud name of ontology, which presumes to offer synthetic a priori cognitions of things in general [...] must give way to the more modest title of a transcendental analytic.”2 However, in my view his criticism is only directed against a particular form of ontology and not against ontology as such. What he attacks is the idea of ontology as a synthetic a priori insight into how things generally are, that is, in all possible ways of accessing them. According to his analysis, the range of our judgments is always limited according to certain contingent forms of understanding and sensibility and this finitude cannot be transcended.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In Western philosophy, the last century was dom-inated by the view that metaphysics and ontology were hopelessly doomed to failure. Many reasons have been given for different versions of this claim, most of them inspired by broadly Kantian epistemo-logical considerations. Kant famously claimed, “the proud name of ontology, which presumes to offer synthetic a priori cognitions of things in general [...] must give way to the more modest title of a transcendental analytic.”2 However, in my view his criticism is only directed against a particular form of ontology and not against ontology as such. What he attacks is the idea of ontology as a synthetic a priori insight into how things generally are, that is, in all possible ways of accessing them. According to his analysis, the range of our judgments is always limited according to certain contingent forms of understanding and sensibility and this finitude cannot be transcended.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Gabriel, Markus</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Post-Deconstructive Realism</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">It's About Time</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Peter Gratton</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>Southeastern Louisiana University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Speculative realism began in part as a reaction for-mation against structuralist and post-structuralist approaches in Continental philosophy. Foucaultian archaeologies, Derridean deconstruction, and Iri-garay’s decentering of patriarchal discourses, for example, are said to focus so thoroughly on texts as to have given up on the real altogether. As Gra-ham Harman puts it, “Derrida and Foucault would rather die than call themselves realists.”1 Locked in the prison house of language, Derrida’s work in particular—Foucault and Irigaray at least could be said to investigate very real regimes of power—was said to be a “textual idealism” that could see nothing beyond any given text. Thus, Harman and Quentin Meillassoux seek means of driving straight past the “linguistic turn” that had side-tracked, they believe, a previous era of philosophers.2 As such, for them, to discuss a “deconstructive” or a “post-deconstruc-tive realism” would be, for them, an oxymoron, or worse, a rear-guard action defending Derrida et al. as realists avant la lettre.3 But my argument is that this is a dodge: at the heart of this speculative work is a pre-modern (not even just pre-Critical) consid-eration of time, where time is epiphenomenal when thought against the eternal (for Meillassoux, the mathematics of set theory; for Harman the objects in themselves “forever in the present”). And until a certain realism of time opens onto their thought, their interventions will be anything but timely.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Speculative realism began in part as a reaction for-mation against structuralist and post-structuralist approaches in Continental philosophy. Foucaultian archaeologies, Derridean deconstruction, and Iri-garay’s decentering of patriarchal discourses, for example, are said to focus so thoroughly on texts as to have given up on the real altogether. As Gra-ham Harman puts it, “Derrida and Foucault would rather die than call themselves realists.”1 Locked in the prison house of language, Derrida’s work in particular—Foucault and Irigaray at least could be said to investigate very real regimes of power—was said to be a “textual idealism” that could see nothing beyond any given text. Thus, Harman and Quentin Meillassoux seek means of driving straight past the “linguistic turn” that had side-tracked, they believe, a previous era of philosophers.2 As such, for them, to discuss a “deconstructive” or a “post-deconstruc-tive realism” would be, for them, an oxymoron, or worse, a rear-guard action defending Derrida et al. as realists avant la lettre.3 But my argument is that this is a dodge: at the heart of this speculative work is a pre-modern (not even just pre-Critical) consid-eration of time, where time is epiphenomenal when thought against the eternal (for Meillassoux, the mathematics of set theory; for Harman the objects in themselves “forever in the present”). And until a certain realism of time opens onto their thought, their interventions will be anything but timely.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <PersonName>Gratton, Peter</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Points of Forced Freedom</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Eleven (More) Theses on Materialism</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Adrian Johnston</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Adrian</NamesBeforeKey>
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            <Affiliation>University of New Mexico</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Any materialism worthy of the name must involve elements of both naturalism and empiricism. However, it need not be straightforwardly and entirely naturalist or empiricist in the traditional (particularly pre-Kantian) senses of these labels (and, in the case of materialisms in the wake of German idealism, including transcendental mate-rialism, ought not to be). Following from this, any anti-naturalist rationalism, in whatever guise, can-not qualify as being simultaneously a materialism too. Although an anti-naturalist rationalism can be made consistent with (metaphysical) realism, this by no means renders it compatible with materialism strictly speaking. In still other words, there is no such thing as a purely formalist materialism; with reference to the birth of modern science, there is no Galileo without Bacon too. Both aversion to the experimental natural sciences of modernity as well as rejection of tying knowledge primarily to empirical routes of acquisition prompts thinking down paths leading to anachronistic Pythagorian-isms, ontological dualisms, spiritualist idealisms, religious mysticisms, and a unruly, proliferating swarm of confabulations, delusions, imaginings, fantasies, and ravings passing themselves off as rigorous, responsible philosophizing. Furthermore, insofar as an empirically informed, quasi-naturalist materialism is not in the least synonymous with and equivalent to rigid, mechanical determinism, an attuned materialist sensitivity to the natural sciences is not to be feared as the opening up to the immediate closing down of space for autonomous subjectivity and everything it brings with it.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Any materialism worthy of the name must involve elements of both naturalism and empiricism. However, it need not be straightforwardly and entirely naturalist or empiricist in the traditional (particularly pre-Kantian) senses of these labels (and, in the case of materialisms in the wake of German idealism, including transcendental mate-rialism, ought not to be). Following from this, any anti-naturalist rationalism, in whatever guise, can-not qualify as being simultaneously a materialism too. Although an anti-naturalist rationalism can be made consistent with (metaphysical) realism, this by no means renders it compatible with materialism strictly speaking. In still other words, there is no such thing as a purely formalist materialism; with reference to the birth of modern science, there is no Galileo without Bacon too. Both aversion to the experimental natural sciences of modernity as well as rejection of tying knowledge primarily to empirical routes of acquisition prompts thinking down paths leading to anachronistic Pythagorian-isms, ontological dualisms, spiritualist idealisms, religious mysticisms, and a unruly, proliferating swarm of confabulations, delusions, imaginings, fantasies, and ravings passing themselves off as rigorous, responsible philosophizing. Furthermore, insofar as an empirically informed, quasi-naturalist materialism is not in the least synonymous with and equivalent to rigid, mechanical determinism, an attuned materialist sensitivity to the natural sciences is not to be feared as the opening up to the immediate closing down of space for autonomous subjectivity and everything it brings with it.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In his 1951 Gibbs lecture, drawing out some of the “philosophical consequences” of his two in-completeness theorems and related results, Kurt Gödel outlines a disjunctive alternative which, as I shall try to show, captures in a precise way the contemporary situation of reflective thought in its ongoing consideration of the relationship of formalism to the real:Either mathematics is incompletable in [the] sense that its evident axioms can never be comprised in a finite rule, i.e. to say the human mind (even within the  realm  of  pure  mathematics)  infinitely  surpass-es  the  powers  of  any  finite  machine,  or  else  there  exist  absolutely  unsolvable  Diophantine  problems  of the type specified...2A consequence of this aporeatic situation of con-temporary thought, as I shall try to show, is that the longstanding philosophical debate over the relative priority of thought and being that finds expres-sion in discussions of “realism” and “anti-realism” (whether of idealist, positivist, or conventionalist forms) can only be assayed from the position of a metaformal reflection on the relationship of the forms of thought to the real of being. Moreover, if Gödel’s argument is correct and can be generalized beyond the epistemology of mathematics itself, it is also not neutral on this question of relative priority, but rather suggests a new kind of realism—what I shall call “metaformal” realism—that differs markedly both from “metaphysical realism” and from the newer varieties of “speculative realism” on offer today.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In his 1951 Gibbs lecture, drawing out some of the “philosophical consequences” of his two in-completeness theorems and related results, Kurt Gödel outlines a disjunctive alternative which, as I shall try to show, captures in a precise way the contemporary situation of reflective thought in its ongoing consideration of the relationship of formalism to the real:Either mathematics is incompletable in [the] sense that its evident axioms can never be comprised in a finite rule, i.e. to say the human mind (even within the  realm  of  pure  mathematics)  infinitely  surpass-es  the  powers  of  any  finite  machine,  or  else  there  exist  absolutely  unsolvable  Diophantine  problems  of the type specified...2A consequence of this aporeatic situation of con-temporary thought, as I shall try to show, is that the longstanding philosophical debate over the relative priority of thought and being that finds expres-sion in discussions of “realism” and “anti-realism” (whether of idealist, positivist, or conventionalist forms) can only be assayed from the position of a metaformal reflection on the relationship of the forms of thought to the real of being. Moreover, if Gödel’s argument is correct and can be generalized beyond the epistemology of mathematics itself, it is also not neutral on this question of relative priority, but rather suggests a new kind of realism—what I shall call “metaformal” realism—that differs markedly both from “metaphysical realism” and from the newer varieties of “speculative realism” on offer today.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;François Laruelle’s message for philosophy is, prima facie, simple: not everything is “philosophisable.”3As soon as we gloss this message a little further, however, things become somewhat more com-plicated: not everything is reducible to “standardphilosophy.” Or, even further, what counts as phi-losophy must mutate in order for some things to be philosophisable at all. The mutation, here, is of both the so-called subject (standard philosophy) and its object (purportedly non-philosophical materials), being both “object-oriented” and “subject-ori-ented” at once within a mutation that re-orients thought-as-an-orientation. As we will see, for Laruelle, this mutation is also a re-direction: thought that was directed from philosophy to the Real reversesto being directed from the Real to philosophy. This short essay will concern itself with the meaning of this re-direction, both in terms of its significance for speculative thought as well as its connection to a type of philosophical behavior (though without any consequent behaviourism—the philosophy that reduces behaviour to one or two over-determined variables, such as “conditioning” or “disposition”). To   précis our two opening epigraphs from Laruelle: in thought, there are only lines, vectors, and, perhaps, re-orientations.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;François Laruelle’s message for philosophy is, prima facie, simple: not everything is “philosophisable.”3As soon as we gloss this message a little further, however, things become somewhat more com-plicated: not everything is reducible to “standardphilosophy.” Or, even further, what counts as phi-losophy must mutate in order for some things to be philosophisable at all. The mutation, here, is of both the so-called subject (standard philosophy) and its object (purportedly non-philosophical materials), being both “object-oriented” and “subject-ori-ented” at once within a mutation that re-orients thought-as-an-orientation. As we will see, for Laruelle, this mutation is also a re-direction: thought that was directed from philosophy to the Real reversesto being directed from the Real to philosophy. This short essay will concern itself with the meaning of this re-direction, both in terms of its significance for speculative thought as well as its connection to a type of philosophical behavior (though without any consequent behaviourism—the philosophy that reduces behaviour to one or two over-determined variables, such as “conditioning” or “disposition”). To   précis our two opening epigraphs from Laruelle: in thought, there are only lines, vectors, and, perhaps, re-orientations.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">"The Horror of Darkness"</TitleText>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;“Life,” so Gaston Bachelard writes in The Poetics of Space on a note of steadfast optimism, “begins well, it begins enclosed, protected, all warm in the bosom of the house.”1 To the critic, Bachelard’s remarks might be seen as emblematic of a kind of failure in phenomenology to think outside an anthropomor-phised cosmos, in which the endless void of dark space is nothing less than the warm enclosure of the primal breast. To this end, the critic would have a point. After all, it is hard not to agree that much of phenomenology has indeed failed to move beyond the human realm and instead has emphasized the validity of lived experience as the guarantor of truth. We see this tendency of aligning “being” and “world” time and again in phenomenology. Indeed, the focus on the inescapability of the human rela-tion to the world is evident in the very formulation that phenomenology advances as its groundwork: being-in-the-world. With this innocuous phrase, inherited in large from Heidegger by way of Bren-tano, phenomenology commits itself to a view of the subject as being constituted by the world and the world being constituted by the subject. Neither idealism nor realism, phenomenology merges the two via the concept of perceptual intentionality, where we—living subjects—are at all times in a relationship with the world.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;“Life,” so Gaston Bachelard writes in The Poetics of Space on a note of steadfast optimism, “begins well, it begins enclosed, protected, all warm in the bosom of the house.”1 To the critic, Bachelard’s remarks might be seen as emblematic of a kind of failure in phenomenology to think outside an anthropomor-phised cosmos, in which the endless void of dark space is nothing less than the warm enclosure of the primal breast. To this end, the critic would have a point. After all, it is hard not to agree that much of phenomenology has indeed failed to move beyond the human realm and instead has emphasized the validity of lived experience as the guarantor of truth. We see this tendency of aligning “being” and “world” time and again in phenomenology. Indeed, the focus on the inescapability of the human rela-tion to the world is evident in the very formulation that phenomenology advances as its groundwork: being-in-the-world. With this innocuous phrase, inherited in large from Heidegger by way of Bren-tano, phenomenology commits itself to a view of the subject as being constituted by the world and the world being constituted by the subject. Neither idealism nor realism, phenomenology merges the two via the concept of perceptual intentionality, where we—living subjects—are at all times in a relationship with the world.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;With this special volume of Speculations, the editors wanted to challenge the contested term “speculative realism,” offering scholars who have some involvement with it a space to voice their opinions of the network of ideas commonly associated with the name. Whilst undoubtedly born under speculative realist auspices, Speculations has never tried to be the gospel of a dogmatic speculative realist church, but rather instead to cultivate the best theoretical lines sprouting from the resurgence, in the last few years, of those speculative and realist concerns attempting to break free from some of the most stringent constraints of critique. Sociologist Randall Collins observed that, unlike other fields of intellectual inquiry, “[p]hilosophy has the peculiarity of periodically shifting its own grounds, but always in the direction of claiming or at least seeking the standpoint of greatest generality and importance.” If this is the case, to deny that a shift of grounds has indeed become manifest in these early decades of the twenty-first century would be, at best, a sign of a severe lack of philosophical sensitivity. On the other hand, whether or not this shift has been towards greater importance (and in respect to what?) is not only a legitimate but a necessary question to ask.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Whatever the intrinsic value in the name, the contributors to this volume have all engaged, more or less directly, with a critical analysis of the vices and virtues of “speculative realism”: from the extent to which its adversarial stance towards previous philosophical stances is justified to whether it succeeds (or fails) to address satisfactorily the concerns that ostensibly motivate it, through to an assessment of the methods of dissemination of its core ideas. The contributions are divided in two sections, titled “Reflections” and “Proposals,” describing, with some inevitable overlap, two kinds of approach to the question of speculative realism: one geared towards its retrospective and its critical appraisal, and the other concerned with the positive proposition of alternative or parallel approaches to it. It is believed that the final result, in its heterogeneity, will be of better service to the philosophical community than a dubiously univocal descriptive recapitulation of “speculative realist tenets.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;With this special issue of Speculations we wanted to challenge the contested term “speculative realism,” offering scholars who have some involvement with it a space to voice their opinions of the network of ideas commonly associated with the name. Whilst undoubtedly born under speculative realist auspices, Speculations has never tried to be the gospel of a dogmatic speculative realist church, but rather instead to cultivate the best theoretical lines sprouting from the resurgence, in the last few years, of those speculative and realist concerns attempting to break free from some of the most stringent constraints of critique. Sociologist Randall Collins observed that, unlike other fields of intel-lectual inquiry, “[p]hilosophy has the peculiarity of periodically shifting its own grounds, but always in the direction of claiming or at least seeking the standpoint of greatest generality and importance.”1If this is the case, to deny that a shift of grounds hasindeed become manifest in these early decades of the twenty-first century would be, at best, a sign of a severe lack of philosophical sensitivity. On the other hand, whether or not this shift has been towards greater importance (and in respect to what?) is not only a legitimate but a necessary question to ask.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;With this special issue of Speculations we wanted to challenge the contested term “speculative realism,” offering scholars who have some involvement with it a space to voice their opinions of the network of ideas commonly associated with the name. Whilst undoubtedly born under speculative realist auspices, Speculations has never tried to be the gospel of a dogmatic speculative realist church, but rather instead to cultivate the best theoretical lines sprouting from the resurgence, in the last few years, of those speculative and realist concerns attempting to break free from some of the most stringent constraints of critique. Sociologist Randall Collins observed that, unlike other fields of intel-lectual inquiry, “[p]hilosophy has the peculiarity of periodically shifting its own grounds, but always in the direction of claiming or at least seeking the standpoint of greatest generality and importance.”1If this is the case, to deny that a shift of grounds hasindeed become manifest in these early decades of the twenty-first century would be, at best, a sign of a severe lack of philosophical sensitivity. On the other hand, whether or not this shift has been towards greater importance (and in respect to what?) is not only a legitimate but a necessary question to ask.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Philosophy is a means of escape. Our presence in this world is an accident, in both senses of the word, an unfortunate fate that has befallen us as we have fallen into it. This is a world of shadows and reflections, of illusions and elisions, of waste and death. It is a reality in decay that has, paradoxically, always been in decay, a ruins that was never whole.We are in this world, but we do not belong here. We yearn for a reality that is real, and a truth that is true. Since these are not to be found among the detritus of everyday life, we must seek it in a world beyond or behind this one, a realm that truly exists because it has no whiff of non-existence about it—no destruction, no imperfections, no suffering, no death. Our duty in this life is to escape this life, to withdraw physically, emotionally, intellectually, spiritually from these shadows, to slip the bonds that hold us—to escape. And philosophy is what shows us our goal and guides us to it.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Philosophy is a means of escape. Our presence in this world is an accident, in both senses of the word, an unfortunate fate that has befallen us as we have fallen into it. This is a world of shadows and reflections, of illusions and elisions, of waste and death. It is a reality in decay that has, paradoxically, always been in decay, a ruins that was never whole.We are in this world, but we do not belong here. We yearn for a reality that is real, and a truth that is true. Since these are not to be found among the detritus of everyday life, we must seek it in a world beyond or behind this one, a realm that truly exists because it has no whiff of non-existence about it—no destruction, no imperfections, no suffering, no death. Our duty in this life is to escape this life, to withdraw physically, emotionally, intellectually, spiritually from these shadows, to slip the bonds that hold us—to escape. And philosophy is what shows us our goal and guides us to it.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Since its birth in 2007, speculative realism (SR) has generated a great deal of controversy in journals, the theory blogosphere, and at conferences. One would search in vain for a unified “speculative realist” position or doctrine. The four original speculative realists who coined the term—Ray Brassier, Gra-ham Harman, Iain Hamilton Grant, and Quentin Meillassoux—argue for very different ontologies and epistemologies, opposed to one another in a number of respects. If there is anything that unites their positions, it is 1) a defense of some variant of realism or materialism, and 2) a critique of correla-tionism. First coined by Meillassoux, correlationism is the thesis that we can only ever speak of being as a correlate of the subject and never the world and subject apart from one another.2 Beyond that, the sort of realism (or materialism) each of these think-ers defends and how they critique correlationism diverges quite substantially.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Since its birth in 2007, speculative realism (SR) has generated a great deal of controversy in journals, the theory blogosphere, and at conferences. One would search in vain for a unified “speculative realist” position or doctrine. The four original speculative realists who coined the term—Ray Brassier, Gra-ham Harman, Iain Hamilton Grant, and Quentin Meillassoux—argue for very different ontologies and epistemologies, opposed to one another in a number of respects. If there is anything that unites their positions, it is 1) a defense of some variant of realism or materialism, and 2) a critique of correla-tionism. First coined by Meillassoux, correlationism is the thesis that we can only ever speak of being as a correlate of the subject and never the world and subject apart from one another.2 Beyond that, the sort of realism (or materialism) each of these think-ers defends and how they critique correlationism diverges quite substantially.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">The Current State of Speculative Realism</TitleText>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Elsewhere I have told the history of Speculative Realism, and will not repeat it here.1 Though some prefer the lower-case phrase “speculative realism,” I deliberately use capital letters, since Speculative Realism is a proper name. It originally referred to an assembly of four philosophers for an April 2007 workshop in London: Ray Brassier, Iain Hamilton Grant, Quentin Meillassoux, and the author of this article. So much for the history of the movement.Any discussion of Speculative Realism needs to begin by avoiding the intermittent and pointless debate over whether Speculative Realism “really exists.” This question comes five years too late to be meaningful, and generally takes the form of a put-down rather than a bona fide question. Speculative Realism is now the topic of a thriving book series at a major university press, and the subject of at least one forthcoming monograph.2 It is embedded in the editorial policy of several philosophy journals. It has become a terme d’art in architecture, archae-ology, geography, the visual arts, and even history. It has crossed national boundaries with ease, and is surely the central theme of discussion in the growing continental philosophy blogosphere. Speculative Re-alism is the topic of several postdoctoral fellowships offered in the United States this year. It has been the subject of semester-long classes at universities as well as graduate theses in Paris. Though there are still tough tests ahead concerning the breadth and durability of Speculative Realism, it has long since passed the “existence” test to a far greater degree than most of its critics.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Elsewhere I have told the history of Speculative Realism, and will not repeat it here.1 Though some prefer the lower-case phrase “speculative realism,” I deliberately use capital letters, since Speculative Realism is a proper name. It originally referred to an assembly of four philosophers for an April 2007 workshop in London: Ray Brassier, Iain Hamilton Grant, Quentin Meillassoux, and the author of this article. So much for the history of the movement.Any discussion of Speculative Realism needs to begin by avoiding the intermittent and pointless debate over whether Speculative Realism “really exists.” This question comes five years too late to be meaningful, and generally takes the form of a put-down rather than a bona fide question. Speculative Realism is now the topic of a thriving book series at a major university press, and the subject of at least one forthcoming monograph.2 It is embedded in the editorial policy of several philosophy journals. It has become a terme d’art in architecture, archae-ology, geography, the visual arts, and even history. It has crossed national boundaries with ease, and is surely the central theme of discussion in the growing continental philosophy blogosphere. Speculative Re-alism is the topic of several postdoctoral fellowships offered in the United States this year. It has been the subject of semester-long classes at universities as well as graduate theses in Paris. Though there are still tough tests ahead concerning the breadth and durability of Speculative Realism, it has long since passed the “existence” test to a far greater degree than most of its critics.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Weird Reading</TitleText>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;It may seem strange to open an essay on the possi-bilities of Speculative Realist (SR) literary reading modes with a quotation from Derrida, whose sta-tus as one of the architects of the “linguistic turn” within the humanities supposedly makes him an enemy (or at least, an often convenient whipping post) of the new realists. Such is the odd flavor of this essay, which, situated outside of philosophy proper, seeks a more anti-disciplinary and even autistic relational field—that is to say, an amod-al, synaesthetic, fluid, and diffusely intentional model for discerning relations among thinkers and objects.2 Unlike Graham Harman (although very much influenced by him), who opened his essay “Vicarious Causation” by saying his theory of causation “is not some autistic moonbeam entering the window of an asylum,” but rather a “launching pad for a rigorous post-Heideggerian philosophy,”3I am hoping to follow just such moonbeams into many-chambered asylums. My thinking is hopefully rigorous, but also unreasonable.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;It may seem strange to open an essay on the possi-bilities of Speculative Realist (SR) literary reading modes with a quotation from Derrida, whose sta-tus as one of the architects of the “linguistic turn” within the humanities supposedly makes him an enemy (or at least, an often convenient whipping post) of the new realists. Such is the odd flavor of this essay, which, situated outside of philosophy proper, seeks a more anti-disciplinary and even autistic relational field—that is to say, an amod-al, synaesthetic, fluid, and diffusely intentional model for discerning relations among thinkers and objects.2 Unlike Graham Harman (although very much influenced by him), who opened his essay “Vicarious Causation” by saying his theory of causation “is not some autistic moonbeam entering the window of an asylum,” but rather a “launching pad for a rigorous post-Heideggerian philosophy,”3I am hoping to follow just such moonbeams into many-chambered asylums. My thinking is hopefully rigorous, but also unreasonable.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">A Dangerous Supplement</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Speculative Realism, Academic Blogging, and the Future of Philosophy</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Adam Kotsko</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In many ways, the rise of Speculative Realism has been one of the most promising developments in contemporary continental philosophy. It has brought to the fore many concerns—above all the philosophy of science—that have been neglected by Anglophone continentalists, and it has introduced the English-speaking world to a range of new or previously neglected thinkers (such as Quentin Meillassoux and François Laruelle, respectively). In a field that has always had a tendency toward commentary, the movement has also emboldened Anglophone continentalists to begin writing “primary sources,” developing their own concepts and systems. The excitement surrounding these new developments has been so great that John D. Caputo, a dyed-in-the-wool Derridean, went so far as to devote his final graduate seminar to thinkers associated with this new push toward realism.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In many ways, the rise of Speculative Realism has been one of the most promising developments in contemporary continental philosophy. It has brought to the fore many concerns—above all the philosophy of science—that have been neglected by Anglophone continentalists, and it has introduced the English-speaking world to a range of new or previously neglected thinkers (such as Quentin Meillassoux and François Laruelle, respectively). In a field that has always had a tendency toward commentary, the movement has also emboldened Anglophone continentalists to begin writing “primary sources,” developing their own concepts and systems. The excitement surrounding these new developments has been so great that John D. Caputo, a dyed-in-the-wool Derridean, went so far as to devote his final graduate seminar to thinkers associated with this new push toward realism.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Speculative Realism</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Interim with Just a Few Caveats</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Christopher Norris</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Like a good many others I was greatly impressed when I first read Quentin Meillassoux’s After Fin-itude—at any rate its opening section—and even more so to witness its extraordinary impact among the livelier sections of the continental philosophy community over the next few years.1 What the book clearly marked was a full-scale retreat (for which, read “advance”) from the kinds of far-out anti-re-alist, constructivist, or socio-linguistic-relativist position that had captured the high ground across large swathes of the post-1970 continentally influ-enced humanities, philosophy included. In its place there now emerged a hard-line objectivist realism which defined itself squarely against that whole theoretical-cultural mindset. Moreover it did so with primary reference to just those disputed zones, like epistemology and philosophy of science, where anti-realism had pressed its case with maximum vehemence and rhetorical if not argumentative force.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Like a good many others I was greatly impressed when I first read Quentin Meillassoux’s After Fin-itude—at any rate its opening section—and even more so to witness its extraordinary impact among the livelier sections of the continental philosophy community over the next few years.1 What the book clearly marked was a full-scale retreat (for which, read “advance”) from the kinds of far-out anti-re-alist, constructivist, or socio-linguistic-relativist position that had captured the high ground across large swathes of the post-1970 continentally influ-enced humanities, philosophy included. In its place there now emerged a hard-line objectivist realism which defined itself squarely against that whole theoretical-cultural mindset. Moreover it did so with primary reference to just those disputed zones, like epistemology and philosophy of science, where anti-realism had pressed its case with maximum vehemence and rhetorical if not argumentative force.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <PersonName>Norris, Christopher</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">The Future of an Illusion</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Jon Roffe</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;“Frank Auerbach’s career says little about the ‘art world,’ except that it may not matter much to a real artist’s growth.” So begins what is likely Robert Hughes’ best book on the work of a single artist, with the possible exception of the brilliant if patchy Goya. The sentiment, it seems to me, is equally applicable to the Frankenstein’s monster called speculative realism. Insofar as the various acts of this genre are philosophical, they remain within Plato’s ambit, and must be considered on the same grounds. This means, first (a first patently obvious claim), that whatever the novel new content of philosophy, its form is what it has always been. In other words, to paraphrase a famous sentiment about music, there are still only two types of philosophy: good and bad. That someone nominates themselves as a Platonist, an empiricist, or as engaged in object oriented phi-losophy is of absolutely zero philosophical import. What matters is the philosophical work that they engage in, what they manage to construct and support in this effort. Philosophy is not a game of proper names, despite the profoundly boring role played in the contemporary culture of thought. Patronymy is to philosophy a facsimile of Zarathustra’s ape. Here is one of the key differences between philosophy and psychoanalysis: in the former, the proper name, despite its ubiquity, has no essential significance. Or, to be more precise, the proper name does not function patronymically, but rather to index a problem or problematic conceptual nexus. That beautiful figment in the Foucauldian imaginarium, the “year without a name,”1 is—or at least, should be—the rule for philosophy, an irreducible com-ponent of the philosophical gambit. Philosophy is anonymous a priori, and the proper name operates within it as a mask.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;“Frank Auerbach’s career says little about the ‘art world,’ except that it may not matter much to a real artist’s growth.” So begins what is likely Robert Hughes’ best book on the work of a single artist, with the possible exception of the brilliant if patchy Goya. The sentiment, it seems to me, is equally applicable to the Frankenstein’s monster called speculative realism. Insofar as the various acts of this genre are philosophical, they remain within Plato’s ambit, and must be considered on the same grounds. This means, first (a first patently obvious claim), that whatever the novel new content of philosophy, its form is what it has always been. In other words, to paraphrase a famous sentiment about music, there are still only two types of philosophy: good and bad. That someone nominates themselves as a Platonist, an empiricist, or as engaged in object oriented phi-losophy is of absolutely zero philosophical import. What matters is the philosophical work that they engage in, what they manage to construct and support in this effort. Philosophy is not a game of proper names, despite the profoundly boring role played in the contemporary culture of thought. Patronymy is to philosophy a facsimile of Zarathustra’s ape. Here is one of the key differences between philosophy and psychoanalysis: in the former, the proper name, despite its ubiquity, has no essential significance. Or, to be more precise, the proper name does not function patronymically, but rather to index a problem or problematic conceptual nexus. That beautiful figment in the Foucauldian imaginarium, the “year without a name,”1 is—or at least, should be—the rule for philosophy, an irreducible com-ponent of the philosophical gambit. Philosophy is anonymous a priori, and the proper name operates within it as a mask.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Realism And Representation</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">On the Ontological Turn</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Daniel Sacilotto</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>California Institute of the Arts</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The views associated with the title “speculative realism” are often coordinated with a so-called “ontological turn” that is said to have taken place in recent Continental philosophy.1 Yet it is rather unclear what exactly such a turn is supposed to entail. If, as Meillassoux argues, it is Kant’s name that sets the horizon for the anti-realist denouement that presumably characterizes both correlationism and idealism, then something like the overcoming of the critical turn in philosophy would seem to be centrally at stake.2 The turn towards ontology pro-posed by the new realists would then be the obverse of a turning away from Kantian epistemology and its implications. And, yet again, there are at least two historical vectors which we can intuitively link to an “ontological turn,” conceived as the overcoming of the critical paradigm.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The views associated with the title “speculative realism” are often coordinated with a so-called “ontological turn” that is said to have taken place in recent Continental philosophy.1 Yet it is rather unclear what exactly such a turn is supposed to entail. If, as Meillassoux argues, it is Kant’s name that sets the horizon for the anti-realist denouement that presumably characterizes both correlationism and idealism, then something like the overcoming of the critical turn in philosophy would seem to be centrally at stake.2 The turn towards ontology pro-posed by the new realists would then be the obverse of a turning away from Kantian epistemology and its implications. And, yet again, there are at least two historical vectors which we can intuitively link to an “ontological turn,” conceived as the overcoming of the critical paradigm.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">"The World is an Egg"</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Realism, Mathematics, and the Thresholds of Difference</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Jeffrey A. Bell</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Jeffrey A.</NamesBeforeKey>
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            <Affiliation>Southeastern Louisiana University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;To most people, the question or problem of realism—realism taken here to mean that there is a reality independent of our awareness or consciousness of this reality—is neither a question nor a problem; it is simply taken for granted. It is one of the unques-tioned assumptions of daily life. When I leave the house, there is no question my laptop remains where I left it and will be there upon my return; there is no question that there were many things in existence before my birth and that there will continue to be many things after my death; and finally, there is no question that there was a wealth of things in existence—stars, planets, dinosaurs, etc.—before the emergence of conscious, inquiring human beings. In our daily lives, therefore, to be a realist is a matter of common sense.1 When we begin to ask what it is that is real, however, or when we seek to determine whether our judgments regarding the nature of reality are correct or not, we begin to enter a quagmire of difficulties that have beset philosophers since the beginning of philosophy itself.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;To most people, the question or problem of realism—realism taken here to mean that there is a reality independent of our awareness or consciousness of this reality—is neither a question nor a problem; it is simply taken for granted. It is one of the unques-tioned assumptions of daily life. When I leave the house, there is no question my laptop remains where I left it and will be there upon my return; there is no question that there were many things in existence before my birth and that there will continue to be many things after my death; and finally, there is no question that there was a wealth of things in existence—stars, planets, dinosaurs, etc.—before the emergence of conscious, inquiring human beings. In our daily lives, therefore, to be a realist is a matter of common sense.1 When we begin to ask what it is that is real, however, or when we seek to determine whether our judgments regarding the nature of reality are correct or not, we begin to enter a quagmire of difficulties that have beset philosophers since the beginning of philosophy itself.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Ontological Commitments</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Manuel DeLanda</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Manuel</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>DeLanda</KeyNames>
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            <Affiliation>University of Pennsylvania</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Any philosophy commits itself, explicitly or implicitly, to assert the existence of the entities that it intends to describe or explain. Philosophers who deny the truth of this statement—affirming for example that specifying what kinds of entities populate their world constrains their ability to think—usually assume an implicit ontology which is, for the same reason, uncritically accepted and poorly analyzed. Hence, declaring one’s ontological commitments from the start should be standard procedure in philosophy. Although ontologies vary widely, and it is unwise to try to fit them into a rigid taxonomy, for the purposes of this brief essay they can be classified into three categories: idealist, empiricist, and realist. For the idealist philosopher there are no entities that exist independently of the human mind; for the empiricist entities that can be directly observed can be said to be mind-independent, but everything else (electrons, viruses, causal capacities etc.) is a mere theoretical construct that is helpful in making sense of that which can be directly ob-served; for the realist, finally, there are many types of entities that exist autonomously even if they are not directly given to our senses.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Any philosophy commits itself, explicitly or implicitly, to assert the existence of the entities that it intends to describe or explain. Philosophers who deny the truth of this statement—affirming for example that specifying what kinds of entities populate their world constrains their ability to think—usually assume an implicit ontology which is, for the same reason, uncritically accepted and poorly analyzed. Hence, declaring one’s ontological commitments from the start should be standard procedure in philosophy. Although ontologies vary widely, and it is unwise to try to fit them into a rigid taxonomy, for the purposes of this brief essay they can be classified into three categories: idealist, empiricist, and realist. For the idealist philosopher there are no entities that exist independently of the human mind; for the empiricist entities that can be directly observed can be said to be mind-independent, but everything else (electrons, viruses, causal capacities etc.) is a mere theoretical construct that is helpful in making sense of that which can be directly ob-served; for the realist, finally, there are many types of entities that exist autonomously even if they are not directly given to our senses.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">The Meaning of "Existence" and the Contingency of Sense</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Markus Gabriel</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>University of Bonn</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In Western philosophy, the last century was dom-inated by the view that metaphysics and ontology were hopelessly doomed to failure. Many reasons have been given for different versions of this claim, most of them inspired by broadly Kantian epistemo-logical considerations. Kant famously claimed, “the proud name of ontology, which presumes to offer synthetic a priori cognitions of things in general [...] must give way to the more modest title of a transcendental analytic.”2 However, in my view his criticism is only directed against a particular form of ontology and not against ontology as such. What he attacks is the idea of ontology as a synthetic a priori insight into how things generally are, that is, in all possible ways of accessing them. According to his analysis, the range of our judgments is always limited according to certain contingent forms of understanding and sensibility and this finitude cannot be transcended.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In Western philosophy, the last century was dom-inated by the view that metaphysics and ontology were hopelessly doomed to failure. Many reasons have been given for different versions of this claim, most of them inspired by broadly Kantian epistemo-logical considerations. Kant famously claimed, “the proud name of ontology, which presumes to offer synthetic a priori cognitions of things in general [...] must give way to the more modest title of a transcendental analytic.”2 However, in my view his criticism is only directed against a particular form of ontology and not against ontology as such. What he attacks is the idea of ontology as a synthetic a priori insight into how things generally are, that is, in all possible ways of accessing them. According to his analysis, the range of our judgments is always limited according to certain contingent forms of understanding and sensibility and this finitude cannot be transcended.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <PersonName>Gabriel, Markus</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Post-Deconstructive Realism</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">It's About Time</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Peter Gratton</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>Southeastern Louisiana University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Speculative realism began in part as a reaction for-mation against structuralist and post-structuralist approaches in Continental philosophy. Foucaultian archaeologies, Derridean deconstruction, and Iri-garay’s decentering of patriarchal discourses, for example, are said to focus so thoroughly on texts as to have given up on the real altogether. As Gra-ham Harman puts it, “Derrida and Foucault would rather die than call themselves realists.”1 Locked in the prison house of language, Derrida’s work in particular—Foucault and Irigaray at least could be said to investigate very real regimes of power—was said to be a “textual idealism” that could see nothing beyond any given text. Thus, Harman and Quentin Meillassoux seek means of driving straight past the “linguistic turn” that had side-tracked, they believe, a previous era of philosophers.2 As such, for them, to discuss a “deconstructive” or a “post-deconstruc-tive realism” would be, for them, an oxymoron, or worse, a rear-guard action defending Derrida et al. as realists avant la lettre.3 But my argument is that this is a dodge: at the heart of this speculative work is a pre-modern (not even just pre-Critical) consid-eration of time, where time is epiphenomenal when thought against the eternal (for Meillassoux, the mathematics of set theory; for Harman the objects in themselves “forever in the present”). And until a certain realism of time opens onto their thought, their interventions will be anything but timely.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Speculative realism began in part as a reaction for-mation against structuralist and post-structuralist approaches in Continental philosophy. Foucaultian archaeologies, Derridean deconstruction, and Iri-garay’s decentering of patriarchal discourses, for example, are said to focus so thoroughly on texts as to have given up on the real altogether. As Gra-ham Harman puts it, “Derrida and Foucault would rather die than call themselves realists.”1 Locked in the prison house of language, Derrida’s work in particular—Foucault and Irigaray at least could be said to investigate very real regimes of power—was said to be a “textual idealism” that could see nothing beyond any given text. Thus, Harman and Quentin Meillassoux seek means of driving straight past the “linguistic turn” that had side-tracked, they believe, a previous era of philosophers.2 As such, for them, to discuss a “deconstructive” or a “post-deconstruc-tive realism” would be, for them, an oxymoron, or worse, a rear-guard action defending Derrida et al. as realists avant la lettre.3 But my argument is that this is a dodge: at the heart of this speculative work is a pre-modern (not even just pre-Critical) consid-eration of time, where time is epiphenomenal when thought against the eternal (for Meillassoux, the mathematics of set theory; for Harman the objects in themselves “forever in the present”). And until a certain realism of time opens onto their thought, their interventions will be anything but timely.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Gratton, Peter</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Points of Forced Freedom</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Eleven (More) Theses on Materialism</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Adrian Johnston</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Adrian</NamesBeforeKey>
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            <Affiliation>University of New Mexico</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Any materialism worthy of the name must involve elements of both naturalism and empiricism. However, it need not be straightforwardly and entirely naturalist or empiricist in the traditional (particularly pre-Kantian) senses of these labels (and, in the case of materialisms in the wake of German idealism, including transcendental mate-rialism, ought not to be). Following from this, any anti-naturalist rationalism, in whatever guise, can-not qualify as being simultaneously a materialism too. Although an anti-naturalist rationalism can be made consistent with (metaphysical) realism, this by no means renders it compatible with materialism strictly speaking. In still other words, there is no such thing as a purely formalist materialism; with reference to the birth of modern science, there is no Galileo without Bacon too. Both aversion to the experimental natural sciences of modernity as well as rejection of tying knowledge primarily to empirical routes of acquisition prompts thinking down paths leading to anachronistic Pythagorian-isms, ontological dualisms, spiritualist idealisms, religious mysticisms, and a unruly, proliferating swarm of confabulations, delusions, imaginings, fantasies, and ravings passing themselves off as rigorous, responsible philosophizing. Furthermore, insofar as an empirically informed, quasi-naturalist materialism is not in the least synonymous with and equivalent to rigid, mechanical determinism, an attuned materialist sensitivity to the natural sciences is not to be feared as the opening up to the immediate closing down of space for autonomous subjectivity and everything it brings with it.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Any materialism worthy of the name must involve elements of both naturalism and empiricism. However, it need not be straightforwardly and entirely naturalist or empiricist in the traditional (particularly pre-Kantian) senses of these labels (and, in the case of materialisms in the wake of German idealism, including transcendental mate-rialism, ought not to be). Following from this, any anti-naturalist rationalism, in whatever guise, can-not qualify as being simultaneously a materialism too. Although an anti-naturalist rationalism can be made consistent with (metaphysical) realism, this by no means renders it compatible with materialism strictly speaking. In still other words, there is no such thing as a purely formalist materialism; with reference to the birth of modern science, there is no Galileo without Bacon too. Both aversion to the experimental natural sciences of modernity as well as rejection of tying knowledge primarily to empirical routes of acquisition prompts thinking down paths leading to anachronistic Pythagorian-isms, ontological dualisms, spiritualist idealisms, religious mysticisms, and a unruly, proliferating swarm of confabulations, delusions, imaginings, fantasies, and ravings passing themselves off as rigorous, responsible philosophizing. Furthermore, insofar as an empirically informed, quasi-naturalist materialism is not in the least synonymous with and equivalent to rigid, mechanical determinism, an attuned materialist sensitivity to the natural sciences is not to be feared as the opening up to the immediate closing down of space for autonomous subjectivity and everything it brings with it.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Realism and the Infinite</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Paul M. Livingston</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>University of New Mexico</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In his 1951 Gibbs lecture, drawing out some of the “philosophical consequences” of his two in-completeness theorems and related results, Kurt Gödel outlines a disjunctive alternative which, as I shall try to show, captures in a precise way the contemporary situation of reflective thought in its ongoing consideration of the relationship of formalism to the real:Either mathematics is incompletable in [the] sense that its evident axioms can never be comprised in a finite rule, i.e. to say the human mind (even within the  realm  of  pure  mathematics)  infinitely  surpass-es  the  powers  of  any  finite  machine,  or  else  there  exist  absolutely  unsolvable  Diophantine  problems  of the type specified...2A consequence of this aporeatic situation of con-temporary thought, as I shall try to show, is that the longstanding philosophical debate over the relative priority of thought and being that finds expres-sion in discussions of “realism” and “anti-realism” (whether of idealist, positivist, or conventionalist forms) can only be assayed from the position of a metaformal reflection on the relationship of the forms of thought to the real of being. Moreover, if Gödel’s argument is correct and can be generalized beyond the epistemology of mathematics itself, it is also not neutral on this question of relative priority, but rather suggests a new kind of realism—what I shall call “metaformal” realism—that differs markedly both from “metaphysical realism” and from the newer varieties of “speculative realism” on offer today.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In his 1951 Gibbs lecture, drawing out some of the “philosophical consequences” of his two in-completeness theorems and related results, Kurt Gödel outlines a disjunctive alternative which, as I shall try to show, captures in a precise way the contemporary situation of reflective thought in its ongoing consideration of the relationship of formalism to the real:Either mathematics is incompletable in [the] sense that its evident axioms can never be comprised in a finite rule, i.e. to say the human mind (even within the  realm  of  pure  mathematics)  infinitely  surpass-es  the  powers  of  any  finite  machine,  or  else  there  exist  absolutely  unsolvable  Diophantine  problems  of the type specified...2A consequence of this aporeatic situation of con-temporary thought, as I shall try to show, is that the longstanding philosophical debate over the relative priority of thought and being that finds expres-sion in discussions of “realism” and “anti-realism” (whether of idealist, positivist, or conventionalist forms) can only be assayed from the position of a metaformal reflection on the relationship of the forms of thought to the real of being. Moreover, if Gödel’s argument is correct and can be generalized beyond the epistemology of mathematics itself, it is also not neutral on this question of relative priority, but rather suggests a new kind of realism—what I shall call “metaformal” realism—that differs markedly both from “metaphysical realism” and from the newer varieties of “speculative realism” on offer today.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">How to Behave Like a Non-Philosopher</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Or, Speculative Versus Revisionary Metaphysics</Subtitle>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;François Laruelle’s message for philosophy is, prima facie, simple: not everything is “philosophisable.”3As soon as we gloss this message a little further, however, things become somewhat more com-plicated: not everything is reducible to “standardphilosophy.” Or, even further, what counts as phi-losophy must mutate in order for some things to be philosophisable at all. The mutation, here, is of both the so-called subject (standard philosophy) and its object (purportedly non-philosophical materials), being both “object-oriented” and “subject-ori-ented” at once within a mutation that re-orients thought-as-an-orientation. As we will see, for Laruelle, this mutation is also a re-direction: thought that was directed from philosophy to the Real reversesto being directed from the Real to philosophy. This short essay will concern itself with the meaning of this re-direction, both in terms of its significance for speculative thought as well as its connection to a type of philosophical behavior (though without any consequent behaviourism—the philosophy that reduces behaviour to one or two over-determined variables, such as “conditioning” or “disposition”). To   précis our two opening epigraphs from Laruelle: in thought, there are only lines, vectors, and, perhaps, re-orientations.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;François Laruelle’s message for philosophy is, prima facie, simple: not everything is “philosophisable.”3As soon as we gloss this message a little further, however, things become somewhat more com-plicated: not everything is reducible to “standardphilosophy.” Or, even further, what counts as phi-losophy must mutate in order for some things to be philosophisable at all. The mutation, here, is of both the so-called subject (standard philosophy) and its object (purportedly non-philosophical materials), being both “object-oriented” and “subject-ori-ented” at once within a mutation that re-orients thought-as-an-orientation. As we will see, for Laruelle, this mutation is also a re-direction: thought that was directed from philosophy to the Real reversesto being directed from the Real to philosophy. This short essay will concern itself with the meaning of this re-direction, both in terms of its significance for speculative thought as well as its connection to a type of philosophical behavior (though without any consequent behaviourism—the philosophy that reduces behaviour to one or two over-determined variables, such as “conditioning” or “disposition”). To   précis our two opening epigraphs from Laruelle: in thought, there are only lines, vectors, and, perhaps, re-orientations.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">"The Horror of Darkness"</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Toward an Unhuman Phenomenology</Subtitle>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;“Life,” so Gaston Bachelard writes in The Poetics of Space on a note of steadfast optimism, “begins well, it begins enclosed, protected, all warm in the bosom of the house.”1 To the critic, Bachelard’s remarks might be seen as emblematic of a kind of failure in phenomenology to think outside an anthropomor-phised cosmos, in which the endless void of dark space is nothing less than the warm enclosure of the primal breast. To this end, the critic would have a point. After all, it is hard not to agree that much of phenomenology has indeed failed to move beyond the human realm and instead has emphasized the validity of lived experience as the guarantor of truth. We see this tendency of aligning “being” and “world” time and again in phenomenology. Indeed, the focus on the inescapability of the human rela-tion to the world is evident in the very formulation that phenomenology advances as its groundwork: being-in-the-world. With this innocuous phrase, inherited in large from Heidegger by way of Bren-tano, phenomenology commits itself to a view of the subject as being constituted by the world and the world being constituted by the subject. Neither idealism nor realism, phenomenology merges the two via the concept of perceptual intentionality, where we—living subjects—are at all times in a relationship with the world.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;“Life,” so Gaston Bachelard writes in The Poetics of Space on a note of steadfast optimism, “begins well, it begins enclosed, protected, all warm in the bosom of the house.”1 To the critic, Bachelard’s remarks might be seen as emblematic of a kind of failure in phenomenology to think outside an anthropomor-phised cosmos, in which the endless void of dark space is nothing less than the warm enclosure of the primal breast. To this end, the critic would have a point. After all, it is hard not to agree that much of phenomenology has indeed failed to move beyond the human realm and instead has emphasized the validity of lived experience as the guarantor of truth. We see this tendency of aligning “being” and “world” time and again in phenomenology. Indeed, the focus on the inescapability of the human rela-tion to the world is evident in the very formulation that phenomenology advances as its groundwork: being-in-the-world. With this innocuous phrase, inherited in large from Heidegger by way of Bren-tano, phenomenology commits itself to a view of the subject as being constituted by the world and the world being constituted by the subject. Neither idealism nor realism, phenomenology merges the two via the concept of perceptual intentionality, where we—living subjects—are at all times in a relationship with the world.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Ever since the turn of the century aesthetics has steadily gained momentum as a central field of study across the disciplines. No longer sidelined, aesthetics has grown in confidence. While this recent development brings with it a return to the work of the canonical authors (most notably Baumgarten and Kant), some contemporary scholars reject the traditional focus on epistemology and theorize aesthetics in its ontological connotations. It is according to this shift that speculative realists have proclaimed aesthetics as “first philosophy” and as speculative in nature. With speculative realism aesthetics no longer necessarily implies human agents. This is in alignment with the general speculative realist framework for thinking all kinds of processes, entities, and objects as free from our all-pervasive anthropocentrism, which states, always, that everything is “for us.”&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This special volume of Speculations explores the ramifications of what could be termed the new speculative aesthetics. In doing so, it stages a three-fold encounter: between aesthetics and speculation, between speculative realism and its (possible) precursors, and between speculative realism and art and literature&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Ever since the turn of the century aesthetics has steadily gained momentum as a central field of study across the disciplines. No longer sidelined, aesthetics has grown in confidence. While this recent development brings with it a return to the work of the canonical authors (most notably Baumgarten and Kant), some contemporary scholars reject the traditional focus on epistemology and theorize aesthetics in its ontological connotations. It is according to this shift that speculative realists have proclaimed aesthetics as “first philosophy” and as speculative in nature. With speculative realism aesthetics no longer necessarily implies human agents. This is in alignment with the general speculative realist framework for thinking all kinds of processes, entities, and objects as free from our all-pervasive anthropocentrism, which states, always, that everything is “for us.”&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This special volume of Speculations explores the ramifications of what could be termed the new speculative aesthetics. In doing so, it stages a three-fold encounter: between aesthetics and speculation, between speculative realism and its (possible) precursors, and between speculative realism and art and literature&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Ever since the turn of the century aesthetics has steadily gained momentum as a central field of study across the disciplines. No longer sidelined, aesthetics has grown in confidence. While this recent development brings with it a return to the work of the canonical authors (most notably Baumgarten and Kant), some contemporary scholars reject the traditional focus on epistemology and theorize aesthetics in its ontological connotations. It is according to this shift that speculative realists have proclaimed aesthetics as “first philosophy” and as speculative in nature. With speculative realism aesthetics no longer necessarily implies human agents. This is in alignment with the general speculative realist framework for thinking all kinds of processes, entities, and objects as free from our all-pervasive anthropocentrism, which states, always, that everything is “for us.”&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This special volume of Speculations explores the ramifications of what could be termed the new speculative aesthetics. In doing so, it stages a three-fold encounter: between aesthetics and speculation, between speculative realism and its (possible) precursors, and between speculative realism and art and literature&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The most important concept in Book I of Tristan Garcia’s Forme et objet: Un traité des choses is per-haps without importance, “n’importe quoi” (“anything”).1 In an ordinary, exclamative sense, the expression “c’est n’importe quoi!” may translate as “that’s bullshit!” or “that’s rubbish!” and so on. In this sense, “n’importe quoi” is close to “nothing.” But when I say “that’s bullshit!” something characterized as “n’importe quoi” is not absolutely nothing since having the property of bullshit is at least something, however much disapprobation we might bring to bear. Like Heidegger’s in-famous discussion of “das Nichts” (“the Nothing”) Garcia’s usage both deviates substantially from colloquial French and cleverly combines the quantificational sense of the phrase (“for all x”) and something more denotational and name-like.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The most important concept in Book I of Tristan Garcia’s Forme et objet: Un traité des choses is per-haps without importance, “n’importe quoi” (“anything”).1 In an ordinary, exclamative sense, the expression “c’est n’importe quoi!” may translate as “that’s bullshit!” or “that’s rubbish!” and so on. In this sense, “n’importe quoi” is close to “nothing.” But when I say “that’s bullshit!” something characterized as “n’importe quoi” is not absolutely nothing since having the property of bullshit is at least something, however much disapprobation we might bring to bear. Like Heidegger’s in-famous discussion of “das Nichts” (“the Nothing”) Garcia’s usage both deviates substantially from colloquial French and cleverly combines the quantificational sense of the phrase (“for all x”) and something more denotational and name-like.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Ohm, Mark</PersonName>
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            <PersonName>Cogburn, Jon</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Lacking Causes Privative Causality from Locke and Kant to Lacan and Deacon</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Adrian Johnston</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>University of New Mexico</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;From Alexandre Koyré in the middle of the twentieth century to Quentin Meillassoux today, much of French epistemol-ogy and philosophy of science has relied upon a one-sided neo-rationalist appropriation of the Galilean distinction between primary and secondary qualities1 (a neo-rationalism indefensibly ignoring Baconian empiricism, with the latter’s emphasis on methodical observation and experimentation as essential to scientificity in the modern sense).  The very phrasing of this distinction legible in Galileo Galilei’s 1623 text “The Assayer” is to be found in another canonical work of the early modern period:  British empiricist John Locke’s hulking 1690 tome An Essay Concerning Human Understand-ing.  Locke takes up the matter of primary and secondary qualities in “Chapter Eight” (“Some Further Considerations Concerning Our Simple Ideas of Sensation”) of “Book Two” (“Of Ideas”).&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;From Alexandre Koyré in the middle of the twentieth century to Quentin Meillassoux today, much of French epistemol-ogy and philosophy of science has relied upon a one-sided neo-rationalist appropriation of the Galilean distinction between primary and secondary qualities1 (a neo-rationalism indefensibly ignoring Baconian empiricism, with the latter’s emphasis on methodical observation and experimentation as essential to scientificity in the modern sense).  The very phrasing of this distinction legible in Galileo Galilei’s 1623 text “The Assayer” is to be found in another canonical work of the early modern period:  British empiricist John Locke’s hulking 1690 tome An Essay Concerning Human Understand-ing.  Locke takes up the matter of primary and secondary qualities in “Chapter Eight” (“Some Further Considerations Concerning Our Simple Ideas of Sensation”) of “Book Two” (“Of Ideas”).&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <PersonName>Johnston, Adrian </PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Non-philosophy, the "No" Button, and a Brief Philo-fiction</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Randall Johnson</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Non-philosophy—and espe-cially that associated with the name François Laruelle—has in the last few years surged forward in those circles of radically-minded philosophers who seem to view themselves at some liminality of thought that is singularly new.  Non-philosophy admits few, if any, philo-friends, and from those few named in-person it seems predominantly to separate itself.  There is no doubt a certain pleasure in negation, a certain jouis-sance in the partitioning of the shared.  I was reminded of such whole body joy of “no” by what could be argued was an inappropriate Christmas gift:  a “no” button.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Non-philosophy—and espe-cially that associated with the name François Laruelle—has in the last few years surged forward in those circles of radically-minded philosophers who seem to view themselves at some liminality of thought that is singularly new.  Non-philosophy admits few, if any, philo-friends, and from those few named in-person it seems predominantly to separate itself.  There is no doubt a certain pleasure in negation, a certain jouis-sance in the partitioning of the shared.  I was reminded of such whole body joy of “no” by what could be argued was an inappropriate Christmas gift:  a “no” button.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <PersonName>Johnson, Randall</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Speculating on the Absolute</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Bart Zantwoort</PersonName>
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              <AffiliationIDType>40</AffiliationIDType>
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            <Affiliation>University College Dublin</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;“To reconcile thought and absolute” - this is the enjoinder with which Meillassoux closes After Finitude.2 The Hegelian tenor of this statement is impossible to miss, as is Meillassoux’s reference to the most famous speculative philosopher of the absolute in his own use of these terms. Is Meillassoux being ironic? Is Hegel not the ‘correlationist’ philosopher pur sang?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;“To reconcile thought and absolute” - this is the enjoinder with which Meillassoux closes After Finitude.2 The Hegelian tenor of this statement is impossible to miss, as is Meillassoux’s reference to the most famous speculative philosopher of the absolute in his own use of these terms. Is Meillassoux being ironic? Is Hegel not the ‘correlationist’ philosopher pur sang?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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          <TitleType>01</TitleType>
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            <TitleElementLevel>01</TitleElementLevel>
            <TitleText language="eng">Why Not Nothing? Meillassoux's Second Figure of Faciality and Metaphysical Nihilism</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>James T. Hill</PersonName>
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              <AffiliationIDType>40</AffiliationIDType>
              <IDValue>024d6js02</IDValue>
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            <Affiliation>Charles University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;According to Quentin Meil-lassoux, the principle of sufficient reason (‘PSR’) is a philosophi-cal fifth postulate. His project is to carry out an “adventure” analogous to that of non-Euclidean geometry, this time within philosophy.1 But whereas Lobachevsky developed his hyper-bolic geometry without first trying to demonstrate that the fifth postulate was false (i.e. without trying to demonstrate the consistency of Euclidean geometry sans the fifth postulate, with its negation), Meillassoux believes he can demonstrate that the PSR is (absolutely) false.2 Indeed, it is his view that this proof involves a species of certainty – or at any rate fun-damentality – not available in mathematics.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;According to Quentin Meil-lassoux, the principle of sufficient reason (‘PSR’) is a philosophi-cal fifth postulate. His project is to carry out an “adventure” analogous to that of non-Euclidean geometry, this time within philosophy.1 But whereas Lobachevsky developed his hyper-bolic geometry without first trying to demonstrate that the fifth postulate was false (i.e. without trying to demonstrate the consistency of Euclidean geometry sans the fifth postulate, with its negation), Meillassoux believes he can demonstrate that the PSR is (absolutely) false.2 Indeed, it is his view that this proof involves a species of certainty – or at any rate fun-damentality – not available in mathematics.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <PersonName>Hill, James T.</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">New Realism</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">A Short Introduction</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Maurizio Ferraris</PersonName>
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              <IDValue>048tbm396</IDValue>
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            <Affiliation>University of Turin</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;New realism is perhaps the only philosophical movement of which one may indicate the exact date of birth: it was June 23, 2011 at 13.30 at the restaurant “Al Vinacciolo” in Via Gennaro Serra 29, Naples. I can be so accurate because I was there, with Markus Ga-briel and his Italian collaborator Simone Maestrone, after a seminar at the Italian Institute for Philosophical Studies. Markus was founding an international centre of philosophy in Bonn and wanted to inaugurate it with a big conference. I told him that the right title would have been “New Realism”, since it captured what in my opinion was the fundamental character of contemporary philosophy: a certain weariness of postmodernism and the belief that everything is constructed, by language, conceptual schemes and the media. Well, it is not like that: something, or rather, much more than we are willing to admit, is not constructed – and this is a wonderful thing, otherwise we could not distinguish dreams from reality. I announced the conference a few weeks later, in an article published in “La Repubblica” on August 8, 2011, and since then the debate has never ceased, both in Italy and abroad2, with contributions that include many of my writings on the subject,3 the book by Markus Gabriel4 and that by Mauricio Beuchot and José Luis Jerez.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;New realism is perhaps the only philosophical movement of which one may indicate the exact date of birth: it was June 23, 2011 at 13.30 at the restaurant “Al Vinacciolo” in Via Gennaro Serra 29, Naples. I can be so accurate because I was there, with Markus Ga-briel and his Italian collaborator Simone Maestrone, after a seminar at the Italian Institute for Philosophical Studies. Markus was founding an international centre of philosophy in Bonn and wanted to inaugurate it with a big conference. I told him that the right title would have been “New Realism”, since it captured what in my opinion was the fundamental character of contemporary philosophy: a certain weariness of postmodernism and the belief that everything is constructed, by language, conceptual schemes and the media. Well, it is not like that: something, or rather, much more than we are willing to admit, is not constructed – and this is a wonderful thing, otherwise we could not distinguish dreams from reality. I announced the conference a few weeks later, in an article published in “La Repubblica” on August 8, 2011, and since then the debate has never ceased, both in Italy and abroad2, with contributions that include many of my writings on the subject,3 the book by Markus Gabriel4 and that by Mauricio Beuchot and José Luis Jerez.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <PersonName>Ferraris, Maurizio</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">A Dialogue between Graham Harman and Tristan Garcia</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Rik Peters</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>American University in Cairo</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;We are very pleased to welcome two special guests who will be having a special dialogue. For the next hour and fifteen minutes, we will talk about things.Things and objects - as Noortje Marres has just shown1 - are traditionally only half of what philosophy is about; half of the duo of the subject and the object; the human and the thing. In Graham Harman’s words, philosophy traditionally had a ‘human-world duopoly’2, a dual monarchy of human and world, a ‘Habsburg metaphysics’3 forever incapable of considering humans as ‘just one kind of entity among trillions of others’,4 and equally incapable of considering what things do when there’s no humans around. Objects are pushed from the centre stage to the periphery of philosophy, as human consciousness lays a claim to total power.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;We are very pleased to welcome two special guests who will be having a special dialogue. For the next hour and fifteen minutes, we will talk about things.Things and objects - as Noortje Marres has just shown1 - are traditionally only half of what philosophy is about; half of the duo of the subject and the object; the human and the thing. In Graham Harman’s words, philosophy traditionally had a ‘human-world duopoly’2, a dual monarchy of human and world, a ‘Habsburg metaphysics’3 forever incapable of considering humans as ‘just one kind of entity among trillions of others’,4 and equally incapable of considering what things do when there’s no humans around. Objects are pushed from the centre stage to the periphery of philosophy, as human consciousness lays a claim to total power.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <PersonName>Giuseppe Longo</PersonName>
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          <PersonName>Fabio Gironi</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Zalamea’s book is as original as it is belated. It is indeed sur-prising, if we give it a moment’s thought, just how greatly behind schedule philosophical reflection on contemporary mathematics lags, especially considering the momentous changes that took place in the second half of the twentieth century. Zalamea compares this situation with that of the philosophy of physics: he mentions D’Espagnat’s work on quantum mechanics, but we could add several others who, in the last few decades, have elaborated an extremely timely philosophy of contemporary physics (see for example Bitbol 2000; Bitbol et al. 2009). As was the case in biology, philosophy – since Kant’s crucial observations in the Critique of Judgment, at least – has often “run ahead” of life sciences, exploring and opening up a space for reflections that are not derived from or integrated with its contemporary scientific practice. Some of these reflections are still very much auspicious today. And indeed, some philosophers today are saying something truly new about biology.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Zalamea’s book is as original as it is belated. It is indeed sur-prising, if we give it a moment’s thought, just how greatly behind schedule philosophical reflection on contemporary mathematics lags, especially considering the momentous changes that took place in the second half of the twentieth century. Zalamea compares this situation with that of the philosophy of physics: he mentions D’Espagnat’s work on quantum mechanics, but we could add several others who, in the last few decades, have elaborated an extremely timely philosophy of contemporary physics (see for example Bitbol 2000; Bitbol et al. 2009). As was the case in biology, philosophy – since Kant’s crucial observations in the Critique of Judgment, at least – has often “run ahead” of life sciences, exploring and opening up a space for reflections that are not derived from or integrated with its contemporary scientific practice. Some of these reflections are still very much auspicious today. And indeed, some philosophers today are saying something truly new about biology.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Answer to Giuseppe Longo</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Daniel Sacilotto</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;To begin with, I must thank Longo for his unusual generosity. It is extremely rare for someone to write such a lengthy commentary, while correctly highlighting a monograph’s central ideas and, on top of that, to place them within a myriad of alternative mathematical considerations. And if that wasn’t enough, Longo’s subtle, critical and ana-lytic scrutiny of what concerns my text Synthetic Philosophy of Contemporary Mathematics extends to the scope of a synthetic vision that encompasses the mathematics of biology. In many senses, Longo’s remarks deserve to be understood then really as an appendix to my book which opens it, densely and broadly, to both the natural and mathematical worlds.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;To begin with, I must thank Longo for his unusual generosity. It is extremely rare for someone to write such a lengthy commentary, while correctly highlighting a monograph’s central ideas and, on top of that, to place them within a myriad of alternative mathematical considerations. And if that wasn’t enough, Longo’s subtle, critical and ana-lytic scrutiny of what concerns my text Synthetic Philosophy of Contemporary Mathematics extends to the scope of a synthetic vision that encompasses the mathematics of biology. In many senses, Longo’s remarks deserve to be understood then really as an appendix to my book which opens it, densely and broadly, to both the natural and mathematical worlds.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Review of Christopher Norris, Derrida, Badiou and the Formal Imperative</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Paul Livingston</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>University of New Mexico</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Do “we” need, today, a rap-prochement between analytic and “continental” philosophy?  If so, from what philosophical and critical imperatives does such a need arise, and to what kinds of actual problems, political and social as well as theoretical, should it respond?  Might giving a critical response to contemporary social and political problems require remapping familiar division lines between the analytic and continental traditions, sometimes in ways that will initially appear surprising and unfamiliar to those convinced of the legitimacy of the old traditional boundaries?   To what extent might this require a creative rethinking of the boundaries and structural implications of formalism and of the kind of formalizing project so char-acteristic of one strand of the analytic tradition?  And who might be the “we” (mentioned in the first question) that could emerge from such a critical remapping of methodological and thematic territories, as inheritors of the legacy of both traditions in twentieth century philosophy and practitioners of a new kind of philosophy drawing on the best resources of both?  These are some of the questions raised by Christopher Norris’s useful and potentially important book, Derrida, Badiou and the Formal Imperative.  In particular, Norris makes the heterodox but ultimately convincing argument that the work of two of the most important contemporary and recent “continental” philosophers, Jacques Derrida and Alain Badiou, responds in both cases to a “formal” imperative by developing the implications of classical formal and logical structures to the “breaking point” of structurally inherent aporias and paradoxes.  It is at this structural breaking point that the possibility of transformative structural and politi-cal change opens up, and its identification and location in strict and rigorous accordance with the canons of traditional bivalent logic and with an unflinchingly realist ontology is therefore a cardinal task for contemporary philosophy in a critical mode.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Do “we” need, today, a rap-prochement between analytic and “continental” philosophy?  If so, from what philosophical and critical imperatives does such a need arise, and to what kinds of actual problems, political and social as well as theoretical, should it respond?  Might giving a critical response to contemporary social and political problems require remapping familiar division lines between the analytic and continental traditions, sometimes in ways that will initially appear surprising and unfamiliar to those convinced of the legitimacy of the old traditional boundaries?   To what extent might this require a creative rethinking of the boundaries and structural implications of formalism and of the kind of formalizing project so char-acteristic of one strand of the analytic tradition?  And who might be the “we” (mentioned in the first question) that could emerge from such a critical remapping of methodological and thematic territories, as inheritors of the legacy of both traditions in twentieth century philosophy and practitioners of a new kind of philosophy drawing on the best resources of both?  These are some of the questions raised by Christopher Norris’s useful and potentially important book, Derrida, Badiou and the Formal Imperative.  In particular, Norris makes the heterodox but ultimately convincing argument that the work of two of the most important contemporary and recent “continental” philosophers, Jacques Derrida and Alain Badiou, responds in both cases to a “formal” imperative by developing the implications of classical formal and logical structures to the “breaking point” of structurally inherent aporias and paradoxes.  It is at this structural breaking point that the possibility of transformative structural and politi-cal change opens up, and its identification and location in strict and rigorous accordance with the canons of traditional bivalent logic and with an unflinchingly realist ontology is therefore a cardinal task for contemporary philosophy in a critical mode.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Review of Simon O'Sullivan On the Production of Subjectivity</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Jeffrey A. Bell</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>Southeastern Louisiana University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Simon O’Sullivan’s excellent book sets out to do two important things. First, O’Sullivan swims upstream against a dominant current in contemporary continental thought by allowing for a key role for subjectiv-ity. With the shift away from the phenomenological subject in recent decades, along with more recent developments in speculative realism where the effort is to move beyond correlationism and thus the relationship between reality as it is in itself and as given to a subject, the result has been a general turn away from the subject. O’Sullivan agrees with most of the concerns that one finds expressed regarding the phenomenological subject, and his interests also bears strong affinities with the work of the speculative realists (O’Sullivan’s conclusion compares his project to the work of the leading speculative realists); however, and this is the second impor-tant thing O’Sullivan sets out to do, what is often missing in discussions of subjectivity is processual nature of the subject as a finite-infinite relation.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Simon O’Sullivan’s excellent book sets out to do two important things. First, O’Sullivan swims upstream against a dominant current in contemporary continental thought by allowing for a key role for subjectiv-ity. With the shift away from the phenomenological subject in recent decades, along with more recent developments in speculative realism where the effort is to move beyond correlationism and thus the relationship between reality as it is in itself and as given to a subject, the result has been a general turn away from the subject. O’Sullivan agrees with most of the concerns that one finds expressed regarding the phenomenological subject, and his interests also bears strong affinities with the work of the speculative realists (O’Sullivan’s conclusion compares his project to the work of the leading speculative realists); however, and this is the second impor-tant thing O’Sullivan sets out to do, what is often missing in discussions of subjectivity is processual nature of the subject as a finite-infinite relation.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Review of Graham Harman, Weird Realism</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Lovecraft and Philosophy</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Sebastian Normandin</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>Ashoka University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Lovecraftian. A term used to describe a story evocative of, or inspired by, the works of horror writer H.P. Lovecraft. Given his widening influence in genre fiction, it is also a term increasingly in vogue. But what do we mean when we say that a short story or novel (or even a poem) is Lovecraftian? In his creative, original take on the possible philosophical implications of Lovecraft’s fiction, Graham Harman gives us some clues as to what is meant and implied by the term.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Lovecraftian. A term used to describe a story evocative of, or inspired by, the works of horror writer H.P. Lovecraft. Given his widening influence in genre fiction, it is also a term increasingly in vogue. But what do we mean when we say that a short story or novel (or even a poem) is Lovecraftian? In his creative, original take on the possible philosophical implications of Lovecraft’s fiction, Graham Harman gives us some clues as to what is meant and implied by the term.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Review of Patricia MacCormack, Posthuman Ethics</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Embodiment and Cultural Theory</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>James Stanescu</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>George Washington University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Early in Patricia MacCormack’s Posthuman Ethics: Embodiment and Cultural Theory, she explains “Posthuman Ethics could have been called Posthuman Bodies” (1). This switch, from ethics to bodies, is important. It lets the reader know that the book is not going to be concerned with a normative understanding of ethics. Instead, ethics here is a Spinozian ethics, in other words a moral physics, a relation-ship of bodies to each other and how they affect one another. If that is the ethics, the posthuman should be understood in two senses. First, it means a position that exists, as Cary Wolfe has put it, “both before and after humanism.”1 In this sense, MacCormack’s work should be read as part of a long line of posthumanist theory, including Donna Haraway’s “Cyborg Manifesto” and When Species Meet, N. Katharine Hayles How We Became Posthuman, Cary Wolfe’s What is Posthumanism?, and Rosi Braidotti’s The Posthuman. However, posthuman should also be understood as the ways that all sorts of bod-ies, including non-human ones, end up entangled in and with each other. In this sense, we can see Posthuman Ethics as being part of a continuation that includes Mel Chen’s Anima-cies, Beatriz Preciado’s Testo Junkie, and Jasbir Puar’s Terrorist Assemblages. MacCormack forces us into the vortex of what Felix Guattari has referred to as “affective contamination,” which is the process by which other beings “start to exist in you, in spite of you.”2 Thus, we are treated to examinations of our entanglements with art and inhuman ecstasy, tattoos and the skin, nonhuman animals, marvelous monsters, mystic queers, and the nation of the dead. So far, so good. But also, I am sure you are asking, how is this book new? Is this just another book of posthuman theory combined with the au-thor’s preferred more-than-human objects of inquiry? This is where things get interesting, because despite MacCormack’s protests, there is still a normative ethical argument that is slowly developed throughout the present work. MacCormack is concerned with how “regimes of signification” create and produce domination (94). What emerges, then, is an ethics that cuts to the very core of what it means to do philosophy and theory.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Early in Patricia MacCormack’s Posthuman Ethics: Embodiment and Cultural Theory, she explains “Posthuman Ethics could have been called Posthuman Bodies” (1). This switch, from ethics to bodies, is important. It lets the reader know that the book is not going to be concerned with a normative understanding of ethics. Instead, ethics here is a Spinozian ethics, in other words a moral physics, a relation-ship of bodies to each other and how they affect one another. If that is the ethics, the posthuman should be understood in two senses. First, it means a position that exists, as Cary Wolfe has put it, “both before and after humanism.”1 In this sense, MacCormack’s work should be read as part of a long line of posthumanist theory, including Donna Haraway’s “Cyborg Manifesto” and When Species Meet, N. Katharine Hayles How We Became Posthuman, Cary Wolfe’s What is Posthumanism?, and Rosi Braidotti’s The Posthuman. However, posthuman should also be understood as the ways that all sorts of bod-ies, including non-human ones, end up entangled in and with each other. In this sense, we can see Posthuman Ethics as being part of a continuation that includes Mel Chen’s Anima-cies, Beatriz Preciado’s Testo Junkie, and Jasbir Puar’s Terrorist Assemblages. MacCormack forces us into the vortex of what Felix Guattari has referred to as “affective contamination,” which is the process by which other beings “start to exist in you, in spite of you.”2 Thus, we are treated to examinations of our entanglements with art and inhuman ecstasy, tattoos and the skin, nonhuman animals, marvelous monsters, mystic queers, and the nation of the dead. So far, so good. But also, I am sure you are asking, how is this book new? Is this just another book of posthuman theory combined with the au-thor’s preferred more-than-human objects of inquiry? This is where things get interesting, because despite MacCormack’s protests, there is still a normative ethical argument that is slowly developed throughout the present work. MacCormack is concerned with how “regimes of signification” create and produce domination (94). What emerges, then, is an ethics that cuts to the very core of what it means to do philosophy and theory.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In this sixth issue of Speculations, a serial imprint created to explore post-continental philosophy and speculative realism, a wide range of contemporary philosophical issues pertaining to the contemporary philosophical scene is touched upon, from the continental realism of Tristan Garcia, Graham Harman and Quentin Meillassoux to the ‘new realism’ of Maurizio Ferraris, from Lacanian and Laurellian speculations to the synthetic philosophy of Fernando Zalamea’s mathematics&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In this sixth issue of Speculations, a serial imprint created to explore post-continental philosophy and speculative realism, a wide range of contemporary philosophical issues pertaining to the contemporary philosophical scene is touched upon, from the continental realism of Tristan Garcia, Graham Harman and Quentin Meillassoux to the ‘new realism’ of Maurizio Ferraris, from Lacanian and Laurellian speculations to the synthetic philosophy of Fernando Zalamea’s mathematics&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The most important concept in Book I of Tristan Garcia’s Forme et objet: Un traité des choses is per-haps without importance, “n’importe quoi” (“anything”).1 In an ordinary, exclamative sense, the expression “c’est n’importe quoi!” may translate as “that’s bullshit!” or “that’s rubbish!” and so on. In this sense, “n’importe quoi” is close to “nothing.” But when I say “that’s bullshit!” something characterized as “n’importe quoi” is not absolutely nothing since having the property of bullshit is at least something, however much disapprobation we might bring to bear. Like Heidegger’s in-famous discussion of “das Nichts” (“the Nothing”) Garcia’s usage both deviates substantially from colloquial French and cleverly combines the quantificational sense of the phrase (“for all x”) and something more denotational and name-like.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The most important concept in Book I of Tristan Garcia’s Forme et objet: Un traité des choses is per-haps without importance, “n’importe quoi” (“anything”).1 In an ordinary, exclamative sense, the expression “c’est n’importe quoi!” may translate as “that’s bullshit!” or “that’s rubbish!” and so on. In this sense, “n’importe quoi” is close to “nothing.” But when I say “that’s bullshit!” something characterized as “n’importe quoi” is not absolutely nothing since having the property of bullshit is at least something, however much disapprobation we might bring to bear. Like Heidegger’s in-famous discussion of “das Nichts” (“the Nothing”) Garcia’s usage both deviates substantially from colloquial French and cleverly combines the quantificational sense of the phrase (“for all x”) and something more denotational and name-like.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;From Alexandre Koyré in the middle of the twentieth century to Quentin Meillassoux today, much of French epistemol-ogy and philosophy of science has relied upon a one-sided neo-rationalist appropriation of the Galilean distinction between primary and secondary qualities1 (a neo-rationalism indefensibly ignoring Baconian empiricism, with the latter’s emphasis on methodical observation and experimentation as essential to scientificity in the modern sense).  The very phrasing of this distinction legible in Galileo Galilei’s 1623 text “The Assayer” is to be found in another canonical work of the early modern period:  British empiricist John Locke’s hulking 1690 tome An Essay Concerning Human Understand-ing.  Locke takes up the matter of primary and secondary qualities in “Chapter Eight” (“Some Further Considerations Concerning Our Simple Ideas of Sensation”) of “Book Two” (“Of Ideas”).&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;From Alexandre Koyré in the middle of the twentieth century to Quentin Meillassoux today, much of French epistemol-ogy and philosophy of science has relied upon a one-sided neo-rationalist appropriation of the Galilean distinction between primary and secondary qualities1 (a neo-rationalism indefensibly ignoring Baconian empiricism, with the latter’s emphasis on methodical observation and experimentation as essential to scientificity in the modern sense).  The very phrasing of this distinction legible in Galileo Galilei’s 1623 text “The Assayer” is to be found in another canonical work of the early modern period:  British empiricist John Locke’s hulking 1690 tome An Essay Concerning Human Understand-ing.  Locke takes up the matter of primary and secondary qualities in “Chapter Eight” (“Some Further Considerations Concerning Our Simple Ideas of Sensation”) of “Book Two” (“Of Ideas”).&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Non-philosophy—and espe-cially that associated with the name François Laruelle—has in the last few years surged forward in those circles of radically-minded philosophers who seem to view themselves at some liminality of thought that is singularly new.  Non-philosophy admits few, if any, philo-friends, and from those few named in-person it seems predominantly to separate itself.  There is no doubt a certain pleasure in negation, a certain jouis-sance in the partitioning of the shared.  I was reminded of such whole body joy of “no” by what could be argued was an inappropriate Christmas gift:  a “no” button.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Non-philosophy—and espe-cially that associated with the name François Laruelle—has in the last few years surged forward in those circles of radically-minded philosophers who seem to view themselves at some liminality of thought that is singularly new.  Non-philosophy admits few, if any, philo-friends, and from those few named in-person it seems predominantly to separate itself.  There is no doubt a certain pleasure in negation, a certain jouis-sance in the partitioning of the shared.  I was reminded of such whole body joy of “no” by what could be argued was an inappropriate Christmas gift:  a “no” button.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;“To reconcile thought and absolute” - this is the enjoinder with which Meillassoux closes After Finitude.2 The Hegelian tenor of this statement is impossible to miss, as is Meillassoux’s reference to the most famous speculative philosopher of the absolute in his own use of these terms. Is Meillassoux being ironic? Is Hegel not the ‘correlationist’ philosopher pur sang?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;“To reconcile thought and absolute” - this is the enjoinder with which Meillassoux closes After Finitude.2 The Hegelian tenor of this statement is impossible to miss, as is Meillassoux’s reference to the most famous speculative philosopher of the absolute in his own use of these terms. Is Meillassoux being ironic? Is Hegel not the ‘correlationist’ philosopher pur sang?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Why Not Nothing? Meillassoux's Second Figure of Faciality and Metaphysical Nihilism</TitleText>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;According to Quentin Meil-lassoux, the principle of sufficient reason (‘PSR’) is a philosophi-cal fifth postulate. His project is to carry out an “adventure” analogous to that of non-Euclidean geometry, this time within philosophy.1 But whereas Lobachevsky developed his hyper-bolic geometry without first trying to demonstrate that the fifth postulate was false (i.e. without trying to demonstrate the consistency of Euclidean geometry sans the fifth postulate, with its negation), Meillassoux believes he can demonstrate that the PSR is (absolutely) false.2 Indeed, it is his view that this proof involves a species of certainty – or at any rate fun-damentality – not available in mathematics.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;According to Quentin Meil-lassoux, the principle of sufficient reason (‘PSR’) is a philosophi-cal fifth postulate. His project is to carry out an “adventure” analogous to that of non-Euclidean geometry, this time within philosophy.1 But whereas Lobachevsky developed his hyper-bolic geometry without first trying to demonstrate that the fifth postulate was false (i.e. without trying to demonstrate the consistency of Euclidean geometry sans the fifth postulate, with its negation), Meillassoux believes he can demonstrate that the PSR is (absolutely) false.2 Indeed, it is his view that this proof involves a species of certainty – or at any rate fun-damentality – not available in mathematics.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">New Realism</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">A Short Introduction</Subtitle>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;New realism is perhaps the only philosophical movement of which one may indicate the exact date of birth: it was June 23, 2011 at 13.30 at the restaurant “Al Vinacciolo” in Via Gennaro Serra 29, Naples. I can be so accurate because I was there, with Markus Ga-briel and his Italian collaborator Simone Maestrone, after a seminar at the Italian Institute for Philosophical Studies. Markus was founding an international centre of philosophy in Bonn and wanted to inaugurate it with a big conference. I told him that the right title would have been “New Realism”, since it captured what in my opinion was the fundamental character of contemporary philosophy: a certain weariness of postmodernism and the belief that everything is constructed, by language, conceptual schemes and the media. Well, it is not like that: something, or rather, much more than we are willing to admit, is not constructed – and this is a wonderful thing, otherwise we could not distinguish dreams from reality. I announced the conference a few weeks later, in an article published in “La Repubblica” on August 8, 2011, and since then the debate has never ceased, both in Italy and abroad2, with contributions that include many of my writings on the subject,3 the book by Markus Gabriel4 and that by Mauricio Beuchot and José Luis Jerez.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;New realism is perhaps the only philosophical movement of which one may indicate the exact date of birth: it was June 23, 2011 at 13.30 at the restaurant “Al Vinacciolo” in Via Gennaro Serra 29, Naples. I can be so accurate because I was there, with Markus Ga-briel and his Italian collaborator Simone Maestrone, after a seminar at the Italian Institute for Philosophical Studies. Markus was founding an international centre of philosophy in Bonn and wanted to inaugurate it with a big conference. I told him that the right title would have been “New Realism”, since it captured what in my opinion was the fundamental character of contemporary philosophy: a certain weariness of postmodernism and the belief that everything is constructed, by language, conceptual schemes and the media. Well, it is not like that: something, or rather, much more than we are willing to admit, is not constructed – and this is a wonderful thing, otherwise we could not distinguish dreams from reality. I announced the conference a few weeks later, in an article published in “La Repubblica” on August 8, 2011, and since then the debate has never ceased, both in Italy and abroad2, with contributions that include many of my writings on the subject,3 the book by Markus Gabriel4 and that by Mauricio Beuchot and José Luis Jerez.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">A Dialogue between Graham Harman and Tristan Garcia</TitleText>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;We are very pleased to welcome two special guests who will be having a special dialogue. For the next hour and fifteen minutes, we will talk about things.Things and objects - as Noortje Marres has just shown1 - are traditionally only half of what philosophy is about; half of the duo of the subject and the object; the human and the thing. In Graham Harman’s words, philosophy traditionally had a ‘human-world duopoly’2, a dual monarchy of human and world, a ‘Habsburg metaphysics’3 forever incapable of considering humans as ‘just one kind of entity among trillions of others’,4 and equally incapable of considering what things do when there’s no humans around. Objects are pushed from the centre stage to the periphery of philosophy, as human consciousness lays a claim to total power.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;We are very pleased to welcome two special guests who will be having a special dialogue. For the next hour and fifteen minutes, we will talk about things.Things and objects - as Noortje Marres has just shown1 - are traditionally only half of what philosophy is about; half of the duo of the subject and the object; the human and the thing. In Graham Harman’s words, philosophy traditionally had a ‘human-world duopoly’2, a dual monarchy of human and world, a ‘Habsburg metaphysics’3 forever incapable of considering humans as ‘just one kind of entity among trillions of others’,4 and equally incapable of considering what things do when there’s no humans around. Objects are pushed from the centre stage to the periphery of philosophy, as human consciousness lays a claim to total power.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Review Essay on Fernando Zalamea's Synthetic Philosophy of Contemporary Mathematics</TitleText>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Zalamea’s book is as original as it is belated. It is indeed sur-prising, if we give it a moment’s thought, just how greatly behind schedule philosophical reflection on contemporary mathematics lags, especially considering the momentous changes that took place in the second half of the twentieth century. Zalamea compares this situation with that of the philosophy of physics: he mentions D’Espagnat’s work on quantum mechanics, but we could add several others who, in the last few decades, have elaborated an extremely timely philosophy of contemporary physics (see for example Bitbol 2000; Bitbol et al. 2009). As was the case in biology, philosophy – since Kant’s crucial observations in the Critique of Judgment, at least – has often “run ahead” of life sciences, exploring and opening up a space for reflections that are not derived from or integrated with its contemporary scientific practice. Some of these reflections are still very much auspicious today. And indeed, some philosophers today are saying something truly new about biology.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Zalamea’s book is as original as it is belated. It is indeed sur-prising, if we give it a moment’s thought, just how greatly behind schedule philosophical reflection on contemporary mathematics lags, especially considering the momentous changes that took place in the second half of the twentieth century. Zalamea compares this situation with that of the philosophy of physics: he mentions D’Espagnat’s work on quantum mechanics, but we could add several others who, in the last few decades, have elaborated an extremely timely philosophy of contemporary physics (see for example Bitbol 2000; Bitbol et al. 2009). As was the case in biology, philosophy – since Kant’s crucial observations in the Critique of Judgment, at least – has often “run ahead” of life sciences, exploring and opening up a space for reflections that are not derived from or integrated with its contemporary scientific practice. Some of these reflections are still very much auspicious today. And indeed, some philosophers today are saying something truly new about biology.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;To begin with, I must thank Longo for his unusual generosity. It is extremely rare for someone to write such a lengthy commentary, while correctly highlighting a monograph’s central ideas and, on top of that, to place them within a myriad of alternative mathematical considerations. And if that wasn’t enough, Longo’s subtle, critical and ana-lytic scrutiny of what concerns my text Synthetic Philosophy of Contemporary Mathematics extends to the scope of a synthetic vision that encompasses the mathematics of biology. In many senses, Longo’s remarks deserve to be understood then really as an appendix to my book which opens it, densely and broadly, to both the natural and mathematical worlds.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;To begin with, I must thank Longo for his unusual generosity. It is extremely rare for someone to write such a lengthy commentary, while correctly highlighting a monograph’s central ideas and, on top of that, to place them within a myriad of alternative mathematical considerations. And if that wasn’t enough, Longo’s subtle, critical and ana-lytic scrutiny of what concerns my text Synthetic Philosophy of Contemporary Mathematics extends to the scope of a synthetic vision that encompasses the mathematics of biology. In many senses, Longo’s remarks deserve to be understood then really as an appendix to my book which opens it, densely and broadly, to both the natural and mathematical worlds.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Review of Christopher Norris, Derrida, Badiou and the Formal Imperative</TitleText>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Do “we” need, today, a rap-prochement between analytic and “continental” philosophy?  If so, from what philosophical and critical imperatives does such a need arise, and to what kinds of actual problems, political and social as well as theoretical, should it respond?  Might giving a critical response to contemporary social and political problems require remapping familiar division lines between the analytic and continental traditions, sometimes in ways that will initially appear surprising and unfamiliar to those convinced of the legitimacy of the old traditional boundaries?   To what extent might this require a creative rethinking of the boundaries and structural implications of formalism and of the kind of formalizing project so char-acteristic of one strand of the analytic tradition?  And who might be the “we” (mentioned in the first question) that could emerge from such a critical remapping of methodological and thematic territories, as inheritors of the legacy of both traditions in twentieth century philosophy and practitioners of a new kind of philosophy drawing on the best resources of both?  These are some of the questions raised by Christopher Norris’s useful and potentially important book, Derrida, Badiou and the Formal Imperative.  In particular, Norris makes the heterodox but ultimately convincing argument that the work of two of the most important contemporary and recent “continental” philosophers, Jacques Derrida and Alain Badiou, responds in both cases to a “formal” imperative by developing the implications of classical formal and logical structures to the “breaking point” of structurally inherent aporias and paradoxes.  It is at this structural breaking point that the possibility of transformative structural and politi-cal change opens up, and its identification and location in strict and rigorous accordance with the canons of traditional bivalent logic and with an unflinchingly realist ontology is therefore a cardinal task for contemporary philosophy in a critical mode.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Do “we” need, today, a rap-prochement between analytic and “continental” philosophy?  If so, from what philosophical and critical imperatives does such a need arise, and to what kinds of actual problems, political and social as well as theoretical, should it respond?  Might giving a critical response to contemporary social and political problems require remapping familiar division lines between the analytic and continental traditions, sometimes in ways that will initially appear surprising and unfamiliar to those convinced of the legitimacy of the old traditional boundaries?   To what extent might this require a creative rethinking of the boundaries and structural implications of formalism and of the kind of formalizing project so char-acteristic of one strand of the analytic tradition?  And who might be the “we” (mentioned in the first question) that could emerge from such a critical remapping of methodological and thematic territories, as inheritors of the legacy of both traditions in twentieth century philosophy and practitioners of a new kind of philosophy drawing on the best resources of both?  These are some of the questions raised by Christopher Norris’s useful and potentially important book, Derrida, Badiou and the Formal Imperative.  In particular, Norris makes the heterodox but ultimately convincing argument that the work of two of the most important contemporary and recent “continental” philosophers, Jacques Derrida and Alain Badiou, responds in both cases to a “formal” imperative by developing the implications of classical formal and logical structures to the “breaking point” of structurally inherent aporias and paradoxes.  It is at this structural breaking point that the possibility of transformative structural and politi-cal change opens up, and its identification and location in strict and rigorous accordance with the canons of traditional bivalent logic and with an unflinchingly realist ontology is therefore a cardinal task for contemporary philosophy in a critical mode.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Review of Simon O'Sullivan On the Production of Subjectivity</TitleText>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Simon O’Sullivan’s excellent book sets out to do two important things. First, O’Sullivan swims upstream against a dominant current in contemporary continental thought by allowing for a key role for subjectiv-ity. With the shift away from the phenomenological subject in recent decades, along with more recent developments in speculative realism where the effort is to move beyond correlationism and thus the relationship between reality as it is in itself and as given to a subject, the result has been a general turn away from the subject. O’Sullivan agrees with most of the concerns that one finds expressed regarding the phenomenological subject, and his interests also bears strong affinities with the work of the speculative realists (O’Sullivan’s conclusion compares his project to the work of the leading speculative realists); however, and this is the second impor-tant thing O’Sullivan sets out to do, what is often missing in discussions of subjectivity is processual nature of the subject as a finite-infinite relation.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Simon O’Sullivan’s excellent book sets out to do two important things. First, O’Sullivan swims upstream against a dominant current in contemporary continental thought by allowing for a key role for subjectiv-ity. With the shift away from the phenomenological subject in recent decades, along with more recent developments in speculative realism where the effort is to move beyond correlationism and thus the relationship between reality as it is in itself and as given to a subject, the result has been a general turn away from the subject. O’Sullivan agrees with most of the concerns that one finds expressed regarding the phenomenological subject, and his interests also bears strong affinities with the work of the speculative realists (O’Sullivan’s conclusion compares his project to the work of the leading speculative realists); however, and this is the second impor-tant thing O’Sullivan sets out to do, what is often missing in discussions of subjectivity is processual nature of the subject as a finite-infinite relation.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Review of Graham Harman, Weird Realism</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Lovecraft and Philosophy</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Sebastian Normandin</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>Ashoka University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Lovecraftian. A term used to describe a story evocative of, or inspired by, the works of horror writer H.P. Lovecraft. Given his widening influence in genre fiction, it is also a term increasingly in vogue. But what do we mean when we say that a short story or novel (or even a poem) is Lovecraftian? In his creative, original take on the possible philosophical implications of Lovecraft’s fiction, Graham Harman gives us some clues as to what is meant and implied by the term.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Lovecraftian. A term used to describe a story evocative of, or inspired by, the works of horror writer H.P. Lovecraft. Given his widening influence in genre fiction, it is also a term increasingly in vogue. But what do we mean when we say that a short story or novel (or even a poem) is Lovecraftian? In his creative, original take on the possible philosophical implications of Lovecraft’s fiction, Graham Harman gives us some clues as to what is meant and implied by the term.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Review of Patricia MacCormack, Posthuman Ethics</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Embodiment and Cultural Theory</Subtitle>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Early in Patricia MacCormack’s Posthuman Ethics: Embodiment and Cultural Theory, she explains “Posthuman Ethics could have been called Posthuman Bodies” (1). This switch, from ethics to bodies, is important. It lets the reader know that the book is not going to be concerned with a normative understanding of ethics. Instead, ethics here is a Spinozian ethics, in other words a moral physics, a relation-ship of bodies to each other and how they affect one another. If that is the ethics, the posthuman should be understood in two senses. First, it means a position that exists, as Cary Wolfe has put it, “both before and after humanism.”1 In this sense, MacCormack’s work should be read as part of a long line of posthumanist theory, including Donna Haraway’s “Cyborg Manifesto” and When Species Meet, N. Katharine Hayles How We Became Posthuman, Cary Wolfe’s What is Posthumanism?, and Rosi Braidotti’s The Posthuman. However, posthuman should also be understood as the ways that all sorts of bod-ies, including non-human ones, end up entangled in and with each other. In this sense, we can see Posthuman Ethics as being part of a continuation that includes Mel Chen’s Anima-cies, Beatriz Preciado’s Testo Junkie, and Jasbir Puar’s Terrorist Assemblages. MacCormack forces us into the vortex of what Felix Guattari has referred to as “affective contamination,” which is the process by which other beings “start to exist in you, in spite of you.”2 Thus, we are treated to examinations of our entanglements with art and inhuman ecstasy, tattoos and the skin, nonhuman animals, marvelous monsters, mystic queers, and the nation of the dead. So far, so good. But also, I am sure you are asking, how is this book new? Is this just another book of posthuman theory combined with the au-thor’s preferred more-than-human objects of inquiry? This is where things get interesting, because despite MacCormack’s protests, there is still a normative ethical argument that is slowly developed throughout the present work. MacCormack is concerned with how “regimes of signification” create and produce domination (94). What emerges, then, is an ethics that cuts to the very core of what it means to do philosophy and theory.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Early in Patricia MacCormack’s Posthuman Ethics: Embodiment and Cultural Theory, she explains “Posthuman Ethics could have been called Posthuman Bodies” (1). This switch, from ethics to bodies, is important. It lets the reader know that the book is not going to be concerned with a normative understanding of ethics. Instead, ethics here is a Spinozian ethics, in other words a moral physics, a relation-ship of bodies to each other and how they affect one another. If that is the ethics, the posthuman should be understood in two senses. First, it means a position that exists, as Cary Wolfe has put it, “both before and after humanism.”1 In this sense, MacCormack’s work should be read as part of a long line of posthumanist theory, including Donna Haraway’s “Cyborg Manifesto” and When Species Meet, N. Katharine Hayles How We Became Posthuman, Cary Wolfe’s What is Posthumanism?, and Rosi Braidotti’s The Posthuman. However, posthuman should also be understood as the ways that all sorts of bod-ies, including non-human ones, end up entangled in and with each other. In this sense, we can see Posthuman Ethics as being part of a continuation that includes Mel Chen’s Anima-cies, Beatriz Preciado’s Testo Junkie, and Jasbir Puar’s Terrorist Assemblages. MacCormack forces us into the vortex of what Felix Guattari has referred to as “affective contamination,” which is the process by which other beings “start to exist in you, in spite of you.”2 Thus, we are treated to examinations of our entanglements with art and inhuman ecstasy, tattoos and the skin, nonhuman animals, marvelous monsters, mystic queers, and the nation of the dead. So far, so good. But also, I am sure you are asking, how is this book new? Is this just another book of posthuman theory combined with the au-thor’s preferred more-than-human objects of inquiry? This is where things get interesting, because despite MacCormack’s protests, there is still a normative ethical argument that is slowly developed throughout the present work. MacCormack is concerned with how “regimes of signification” create and produce domination (94). What emerges, then, is an ethics that cuts to the very core of what it means to do philosophy and theory.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Proceedings from the two Speculative Medievalisms symposia, held at King’s College London (Jan. 2011) and The Graduate Center, City University of New York (Sep. 2011), and organized by The Petropunk Collective (Eileen Joy, Anna Klosowska, Nicola Masciandaro, and Michael O’Rourke). These interdisciplinary events were dedicated to dialogue and cross-contamination between traditional concepts of speculatio, present-minded premodern studies, and contemporary speculative realist and object-oriented philosophies. In its medieval formulation, speculatio signifies the essentially reflective and imaginative operations of the intellect. Here the world, books, and mind itself are all conceived as specula (mirrors) through which the hermeneutic gaze can gain access to what lies beyond it. “To know is to bend over a mirror where the world is reflected, to descry images reflected from sphere to sphere: the medieval man was always before a mirror, both when he looked around himself and when he surrendered to his own imagination” (Giorgio Agamben, Stanzas).  Correlatively, speculative realism, as the term suggests, is characterized by the self-contradictory intensity of a desire for thought that can think beyond itself — a desire that proceeds, like all philosophy, in a twisted and productive relation to the phantasm of the word.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Aiming to rise above and tunnel below the thought-being or self-world correlation, speculative realism “depart[s] from the text-centered hermeneutic models of the past and engage[s] in daring speculations about the nature of reality itself” (The Speculative Turn). Speculative Medievalisms, like some weird friar-alchemist in an inexistent romance, plays the erotic go-between for these text-centered and text-eccentric intellectual domains by trying to transmute the space between past and present modes of speculation from shared blindness to love at first sight. Possibly succeeding, the volume brings together the work of a motley crew of philosophers and premodernists into prismatic relation.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Proceedings from the two Speculative Medievalisms symposia, held at King’s College London (Jan. 2011) and The Graduate Center, City University of New York (Sep. 2011), and organized by The Petropunk Collective (Eileen Joy, Anna Klosowska, Nicola Masciandaro, and Michael O’Rourke). These interdisciplinary events were dedicated to dialogue and cross-contamination between traditional concepts of speculatio, present-minded premodern studies, and contemporary speculative realist and object-oriented philosophies. In its medieval formulation, speculatio signifies the essentially reflective and imaginative operations of the intellect. Here the world, books, and mind itself are all conceived as specula (mirrors) through which the hermeneutic gaze can gain access to what lies beyond it. “To know is to bend over a mirror where the world is reflected, to descry images reflected from sphere to sphere: the medieval man was always before a mirror, both when he looked around himself and when he surrendered to his own imagination” (Giorgio Agamben, Stanzas).  Correlatively, speculative realism, as the term suggests, is characterized by the self-contradictory intensity of a desire for thought that can think beyond itself — a desire that proceeds, like all philosophy, in a twisted and productive relation to the phantasm of the word.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Aiming to rise above and tunnel below the thought-being or self-world correlation, speculative realism “depart[s] from the text-centered hermeneutic models of the past and engage[s] in daring speculations about the nature of reality itself” (The Speculative Turn). Speculative Medievalisms, like some weird friar-alchemist in an inexistent romance, plays the erotic go-between for these text-centered and text-eccentric intellectual domains by trying to transmute the space between past and present modes of speculation from shared blindness to love at first sight. Possibly succeeding, the volume brings together the work of a motley crew of philosophers and premodernists into prismatic relation.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Speculative  Medievalisms  is  a  collaborative  and  interdiscipli-nary   research   project   focusing   on   the   theorization   and practical development of the speculative dimensions of medi-eval  studies.  The  term “speculative” is  intended  to  resonate with  the  full  range  of  its  medieval  and  modern  meanings. First, speculativeechoes the broad array of specifically medie-val   senses   of speculatio   as   the   essentially   reflective   and imaginative operations of the intellect. According to this conception,  the  world,  books,  and  mind  itself  were  all  conceived as specula  (mirrors)  through  which  the  hermeneutic  gaze could   gain   access   to   what   lies   beyond   them.   As   Giorgio Agamben  explains, “To  know  is  to  bend  over  a  mirror  where the  world  is  reflected,  to  descry  images  reflected  from  sphere to sphere: the medieval man was always before a mirror, both when  he  looked  around  himself  and  when  he  surrendered  to his  own  imagination.”2  This  sense  of  speculative,  which  also gestures  toward  the  humanistic  principle  of  identity  between world-knowledge and self-knowledge, becomes crucial for the development  and  institution  of  medieval  studies  as  a  disci-pline  oriented  to  the  past  as  both  mirror  and  inscrutable  site of  origin.  Like  Narcissus,  who  at  the  fount  falls  in  love  with himself as another, modern Western culture gazes at the Mid-dle  Ages  as  a  self-image  that  impossibly  blurs  the  distinction between  identity  and  alterity.  The  speculative  principle  is  ac-cordingly written into the title of the medieval studies journal, Speculum,  published  by  the  Medieval  Academy  since  1926. Speculum’s  first  editor  E.  K.  Rand  explained  the  aim  of  the journal via this principle in the inaugural issue as follows:&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Speculative  Medievalisms  is  a  collaborative  and  interdiscipli-nary   research   project   focusing   on   the   theorization   and practical development of the speculative dimensions of medi-eval  studies.  The  term “speculative” is  intended  to  resonate with  the  full  range  of  its  medieval  and  modern  meanings. First, speculativeechoes the broad array of specifically medie-val   senses   of speculatio   as   the   essentially   reflective   and imaginative operations of the intellect. According to this conception,  the  world,  books,  and  mind  itself  were  all  conceived as specula  (mirrors)  through  which  the  hermeneutic  gaze could   gain   access   to   what   lies   beyond   them.   As   Giorgio Agamben  explains, “To  know  is  to  bend  over  a  mirror  where the  world  is  reflected,  to  descry  images  reflected  from  sphere to sphere: the medieval man was always before a mirror, both when  he  looked  around  himself  and  when  he  surrendered  to his  own  imagination.”2  This  sense  of  speculative,  which  also gestures  toward  the  humanistic  principle  of  identity  between world-knowledge and self-knowledge, becomes crucial for the development  and  institution  of  medieval  studies  as  a  disci-pline  oriented  to  the  past  as  both  mirror  and  inscrutable  site of  origin.  Like  Narcissus,  who  at  the  fount  falls  in  love  with himself as another, modern Western culture gazes at the Mid-dle  Ages  as  a  self-image  that  impossibly  blurs  the  distinction between  identity  and  alterity.  The  speculative  principle  is  ac-cordingly written into the title of the medieval studies journal, Speculum,  published  by  the  Medieval  Academy  since  1926. Speculum’s  first  editor  E.  K.  Rand  explained  the  aim  of  the journal via this principle in the inaugural issue as follows:&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Toy: Stories: Vita Nuda Then and Now?</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Kathleen Biddick</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In  his  important  study Bíos:  Biopolitics  and  Philosophy,  Rob-erto  Esposito  asks  the  following  question: “How  can  modern man  (sic) tear  himself  from  the theological  matrix?”1  This morning  I  want  to  show  how  such  a  question  discloses  the unthought   medievalisms   of   contemporary   theory   and   ac-counts for the traumatic reinscription of the flesh as incarna-tional   and   eschatological   among   contemporary   theorists.2How can the flesh of history and a history of the flesh rethink such aporia of contemporary theory? My brief comments this morning are a Morse-Code version of a long chapter devoted to the medievalisms of biopolitics taken from my forthcoming book, Entangled Sovereignty:  Studies  in  Premodern  Political Theology.    Eileen  Joy  and  Anna  Kłosowska’s  response  is  this volume is based on that book chapter.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In  his  important  study Bíos:  Biopolitics  and  Philosophy,  Rob-erto  Esposito  asks  the  following  question: “How  can  modern man  (sic) tear  himself  from  the theological  matrix?”1  This morning  I  want  to  show  how  such  a  question  discloses  the unthought   medievalisms   of   contemporary   theory   and   ac-counts for the traumatic reinscription of the flesh as incarna-tional   and   eschatological   among   contemporary   theorists.2How can the flesh of history and a history of the flesh rethink such aporia of contemporary theory? My brief comments this morning are a Morse-Code version of a long chapter devoted to the medievalisms of biopolitics taken from my forthcoming book, Entangled Sovereignty:  Studies  in  Premodern  Political Theology.    Eileen  Joy  and  Anna  Kłosowska’s  response  is  this volume is based on that book chapter.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <Subtitle language="eng">Response to Kathleen Biddick</Subtitle>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In Kathleen Biddick’s longer (as yet unpublished) essay, from which her contribution to this volume is  “ Morse-Coded,”   she writes:[E]ntrapped   by   his   periodization,   Foucault   puzzled over  a  historical  aporia: ‘How  can  the  power  of  death, the function of death, be exercised in a political system centered  upon biopower?’   Nazism,  with  its  untimely unleashing  of  the ‘old  sovereign  power  to  take  life’ concomitant with the most intense forms of biopower . .  . presented  Foucault  with  an  anguishing  temporal paradox.1Given  the  incoherence  between Foucault’s  narrative of how sovereignty (“the power to take life or let live”) was supersed-ed by  biopolitics  (“to foster  life  or  to  disallow  it”),  and  actual modern  history  ( the merger  of  biopolitics and  sovereignty  in Nazism, for example), Foucault acknowledged something that we  all  struggle against  as  we  use  his  concepts—the narratives of  where and how modernity  emerges  into  sight  occlude  as much as they explain.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In Kathleen Biddick’s longer (as yet unpublished) essay, from which her contribution to this volume is  “ Morse-Coded,”   she writes:[E]ntrapped   by   his   periodization,   Foucault   puzzled over  a  historical  aporia: ‘How  can  the  power  of  death, the function of death, be exercised in a political system centered  upon biopower?’   Nazism,  with  its  untimely unleashing  of  the ‘old  sovereign  power  to  take  life’ concomitant with the most intense forms of biopower . .  . presented  Foucault  with  an  anguishing  temporal paradox.1Given  the  incoherence  between Foucault’s  narrative of how sovereignty (“the power to take life or let live”) was supersed-ed by  biopolitics  (“to foster  life  or  to  disallow  it”),  and  actual modern  history  ( the merger  of  biopolitics and  sovereignty  in Nazism, for example), Foucault acknowledged something that we  all  struggle against  as  we  use  his  concepts—the narratives of  where and how modernity  emerges  into  sight  occlude  as much as they explain.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Divine Darkness</TitleText>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Nearly  everyone  can  relate,  I  suspect,  to  the  feeling  of  being “scared  of  the  dark.”  It  is  no  doubt  for  this  reason  that  dark-ness  saturates  the  horror  genre,  from  the  earliest  examples  of gothic  novels  and  graveyard  poetry,  to  the  most  recent  films, comics,  and  video  games.  We  do  not  know  what  it  is  that dwells  in  the  darkness,  only  that  our  not-knowing  is  a  source of fear.  Darkness  seems  to  steadily  creep  forth,  submerging everything in an anonymous, pitch blackness. Our fear of the dark seems as ambiguous as darkness itself. This ambiguity is at  once  horrific,  and  yet,  because  of  its  ambiguity,  it  also  ob-tains  the  quality  of  the  mystical.  Georges  Bataille,  writing about religious art, highlights this ambiguity: “What I sudden-ly saw, and what imprisoned me in anguish—but which at the same  time  delivered  me  from  it—was  the  identity  of  these perfect  contraries,  divine  ecstasy  and  its  opposite,  extreme horror.” The  concept  of  darkness  evokes  this  combination  of  religion and horror; it is the shift from the horror of something inthe dark, to the horror of darkness itself. Put simply, the concept of darkness invites us to think about this basic metaphys-ical dilemma of a nothing that is a something . . .&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Nearly  everyone  can  relate,  I  suspect,  to  the  feeling  of  being “scared  of  the  dark.”  It  is  no  doubt  for  this  reason  that  dark-ness  saturates  the  horror  genre,  from  the  earliest  examples  of gothic  novels  and  graveyard  poetry,  to  the  most  recent  films, comics,  and  video  games.  We  do  not  know  what  it  is  that dwells  in  the  darkness,  only  that  our  not-knowing  is  a  source of fear.  Darkness  seems  to  steadily  creep  forth,  submerging everything in an anonymous, pitch blackness. Our fear of the dark seems as ambiguous as darkness itself. This ambiguity is at  once  horrific,  and  yet,  because  of  its  ambiguity,  it  also  ob-tains  the  quality  of  the  mystical.  Georges  Bataille,  writing about religious art, highlights this ambiguity: “What I sudden-ly saw, and what imprisoned me in anguish—but which at the same  time  delivered  me  from  it—was  the  identity  of  these perfect  contraries,  divine  ecstasy  and  its  opposite,  extreme horror.” The  concept  of  darkness  evokes  this  combination  of  religion and horror; it is the shift from the horror of something inthe dark, to the horror of darkness itself. Put simply, the concept of darkness invites us to think about this basic metaphys-ical dilemma of a nothing that is a something . . .&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Per Speculum in Aenigmate</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Response to Eugene Thacker</Subtitle>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Introductory  comments:  I  will  address  divine  darkness  by  fo-cusing  on  the  distinction  between  thought  and  experience,  a distinction  which  parallels  the  distinctions  between thatand what,  and  between  soul  (or  life)  and  body.  I  am  interested here in darkness as an occluded relation or blind spot between thought  and  experience.  At  the  same  time  I  would  like  to ground  the  concept  of  divine  darkness  in  the  traditional  aim or  purpose  of  mystical  contemplation,  which  is  to  become God, to achieve union with God. This is a desire which is legi-ble, but also refused in Bataille’s work, in which we see a kind of reification of the limit of experience and with it, necessarily, a  mystification  of  mysticism.  An    important  figure  for  my  re-sponse  is  the  figure  of  the  cephalophore,  the  head-bearing saint.  Of  course  Dionysius  the  Areopagite,  identified  as  St. Denis, was a cephalophore. I will try to suggest that the ceph-alophore should be reinvented by speculative medievalists as a human  ideal  proper  to  congested  humanity,  the  anthropo-cene, the so-called age of man—the global dead which Eugene ended  with.  I  should  also  note  that  there  is  an  intimate  rela-tion between the mirror and beheading. When we look into a mirror or speculate, we are non-violently beheaded.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Introductory  comments:  I  will  address  divine  darkness  by  fo-cusing  on  the  distinction  between  thought  and  experience,  a distinction  which  parallels  the  distinctions  between thatand what,  and  between  soul  (or  life)  and  body.  I  am  interested here in darkness as an occluded relation or blind spot between thought  and  experience.  At  the  same  time  I  would  like  to ground  the  concept  of  divine  darkness  in  the  traditional  aim or  purpose  of  mystical  contemplation,  which  is  to  become God, to achieve union with God. This is a desire which is legi-ble, but also refused in Bataille’s work, in which we see a kind of reification of the limit of experience and with it, necessarily, a  mystification  of  mysticism.  An    important  figure  for  my  re-sponse  is  the  figure  of  the  cephalophore,  the  head-bearing saint.  Of  course  Dionysius  the  Areopagite,  identified  as  St. Denis, was a cephalophore. I will try to suggest that the ceph-alophore should be reinvented by speculative medievalists as a human  ideal  proper  to  congested  humanity,  the  anthropo-cene, the so-called age of man—the global dead which Eugene ended  with.  I  should  also  note  that  there  is  an  intimate  rela-tion between the mirror and beheading. When we look into a mirror or speculate, we are non-violently beheaded.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">The Speculative Angel</TitleText>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;“Let the angel come.” This is how Guy Lardreau and Christian Jambet preface their heretical, perhaps misguided and certain-ly maligned, but utterly fascinating fusion of Lacan, Mao, and political  theology  in  their L’Ange  of  1976.  They  are  more pleading  later  in  the  book,  writing:  “The  angel  must  come.” But  what  does  any  of  this  mean?  Why,  when  considering speculative medievalisms, have I chosen to write about angels, those  beings  that  seem  the  least  contemporary  and  perhaps most reactionary of medieval theory? And why have I chosen to  do  so  largely  via  a  virtually  unknown  or  forgotten  text  by two  Maoists  whose  work  has  largely  been  ruined  for  us  by  its placement as one species of the cynical, often racist and impe-rialistic, neo-liberal  and  anti-communist  New  Philosophers? What  does  this  ostensibly  political  text,  one  that  the  authors declare  is  nothing  but  a  Maoist  philosophy  (contrary  to  the idea  that  they  are  fellow-travellers  with  the  Sarkozist  ex-Maoists like Glucksmann or Bernard-Henri Lévy), have to say about  speculation  today?  And  in  what  way  is  it  grounded  in the  premodern  condition?  The  answer  is,  in  part,  because  I want  to  understand  what  speculation  may  have  to  do  with revolt,  with  struggle,  and  it  is  in  the  figure  of  the  Angel  that such  questions  come  together,  both  historically  and  within wildly  speculative  ultra-left  French  theory.  For  the  Angel  is both  a  negative  name  for  something  that  is  not  Worldly  and the  Angel  is  a field  of  battle  where  one  either  becomes  a  do-mesticated, pacified bureaucrat of the way things are or where one separates and divides what is from what could be.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;“Let the angel come.” This is how Guy Lardreau and Christian Jambet preface their heretical, perhaps misguided and certain-ly maligned, but utterly fascinating fusion of Lacan, Mao, and political  theology  in  their L’Ange  of  1976.  They  are  more pleading  later  in  the  book,  writing:  “The  angel  must  come.” But  what  does  any  of  this  mean?  Why,  when  considering speculative medievalisms, have I chosen to write about angels, those  beings  that  seem  the  least  contemporary  and  perhaps most reactionary of medieval theory? And why have I chosen to  do  so  largely  via  a  virtually  unknown  or  forgotten  text  by two  Maoists  whose  work  has  largely  been  ruined  for  us  by  its placement as one species of the cynical, often racist and impe-rialistic, neo-liberal  and  anti-communist  New  Philosophers? What  does  this  ostensibly  political  text,  one  that  the  authors declare  is  nothing  but  a  Maoist  philosophy  (contrary  to  the idea  that  they  are  fellow-travellers  with  the  Sarkozist  ex-Maoists like Glucksmann or Bernard-Henri Lévy), have to say about  speculation  today?  And  in  what  way  is  it  grounded  in the  premodern  condition?  The  answer  is,  in  part,  because  I want  to  understand  what  speculation  may  have  to  do  with revolt,  with  struggle,  and  it  is  in  the  figure  of  the  Angel  that such  questions  come  together,  both  historically  and  within wildly  speculative  ultra-left  French  theory.  For  the  Angel  is both  a  negative  name  for  something  that  is  not  Worldly  and the  Angel  is  a field  of  battle  where  one  either  becomes  a  do-mesticated, pacified bureaucrat of the way things are or where one separates and divides what is from what could be.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <Subtitle language="eng">Response to Anthony Paul Smith</Subtitle>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Given  the  problem  of  localizing  the  power  of  speculation  in the pre-modern assisted by the impertinent form of the angel, I  wish  to  approach  the  irruption  of  workable  forms,  of  the non-ideological message, through Naturephilosophie,  through somewhat  weird  (and  hopefully  medieval)  means,  with  the construction of Lapidary Demons as a diagonal response. Stone appears as the recapitulation of immanence, of mat-ter  seemingly  foreclosed  and  foreclosing,  the  material  of  in-ternment  and  memorial.  The  stone,  the  movement  of  the  in-organic,  indexes  deep  time  and  the  failure  of  the  category  of the  inorganic  itself  in Naturephilosophie,  since  we  find  stone participating  in  the  partial  dominion  of  life on  matter,  in DeLanda's  well  known  narrative  of  mineralization  in homo sapiens  endoskeletons.1  Similarly,  dwelling  or  the  carving  of knowledge  on  stone  redirects  the  torpid  trajectory  of  its  re-shapings, albeit only slightly.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Given  the  problem  of  localizing  the  power  of  speculation  in the pre-modern assisted by the impertinent form of the angel, I  wish  to  approach  the  irruption  of  workable  forms,  of  the non-ideological message, through Naturephilosophie,  through somewhat  weird  (and  hopefully  medieval)  means,  with  the construction of Lapidary Demons as a diagonal response. Stone appears as the recapitulation of immanence, of mat-ter  seemingly  foreclosed  and  foreclosing,  the  material  of  in-ternment  and  memorial.  The  stone,  the  movement  of  the  in-organic,  indexes  deep  time  and  the  failure  of  the  category  of the  inorganic  itself  in Naturephilosophie,  since  we  find  stone participating  in  the  partial  dominion  of  life on  matter,  in DeLanda's  well  known  narrative  of  mineralization  in homo sapiens  endoskeletons.1  Similarly,  dwelling  or  the  carving  of knowledge  on  stone  redirects  the  torpid  trajectory  of  its  re-shapings, albeit only slightly.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Abstraction and Value</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">The Medieval Origins of Financial Quantification</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Nick Srnicek</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;We live in an era plagued by the debilitating fallout of finan-cial  implosion.  By  now  credit  default  swaps,  collateralized debt  obligations,  options,  futures,  and  other  “financial  weap-ons  of  mass  destruction”  have  all  entered  into  the  common lexicon. While the economically speculative nature of finance is  abundantly  clear,  the  philosophically  speculative  nature  of finance  is  less  well  recognized.  Perhaps  surprisingly,  it  is  in finance that we find the purest attempt at the quantification of all  available  material,  to  an  extent  conceivably  greater  than even  modern  natural  science.  Empirical  and  non-empirical, actual  and  possible,  order  and  chaos—all  are  available  for measurement  and  calculation  within  the  algorithms  of  mod-ern financial models.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;We live in an era plagued by the debilitating fallout of finan-cial  implosion.  By  now  credit  default  swaps,  collateralized debt  obligations,  options,  futures,  and  other  “financial  weap-ons  of  mass  destruction”  have  all  entered  into  the  common lexicon. While the economically speculative nature of finance is  abundantly  clear,  the  philosophically  speculative  nature  of finance  is  less  well  recognized.  Perhaps  surprisingly,  it  is  in finance that we find the purest attempt at the quantification of all  available  material,  to  an  extent  conceivably  greater  than even  modern  natural  science.  Empirical  and  non-empirical, actual  and  possible,  order  and  chaos—all  are  available  for measurement  and  calculation  within  the  algorithms  of  mod-ern financial models.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Srnicek's Risk</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Response to Nick Srnicek</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Michael O'Rourke</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In  an  August  2009  interview  with  Paul  Ennis  at Another Heidegger  Blog  Nick  Srnicek,  speculative  heretic  that  he  is, quite  rightly  asserts  that,  “Speculative  Realism  doesn’t  label  a single  set  of  positions”  because  “the  four  main  contributors [Graham   Harman,   Quentin   Meillassoux,   Iain   Hamilton Grant,  Ray  Brassier]  to  it  are  all  vastly  different,  and  there really  is  no  common  ground.”  However,  I  want  to  suggest that   Srnicek’s   work,   at   least   in   his   contribution   to   our laboratory-atelier,   “Abstraction   and   Value:   The   Medieval Origins of Financial Quantification,” is closest to the critically speculative  position  of  Meillassoux  in After  Finitude,  a  book which,  in  the  same  interview,  Srnicek  claims  is  “the  best diagnosis of the problems with contemporary philosophy, and argued  with  a  clarity  that  proves  logic,  surprise  and  wonder don’t need to be mutually exclusive.”  Srnicek himself, at least in this interview, places his work within a post-Marxist faction of  Speculative  Realism  which  is  broadly  interested  in  and united  by  a  common  aim  to  reassess  “agency  in  the  light  of neuroscience, eliminativism, and non-philosophy” as well as a focus   on   the   concrete   technical   and   material   aspects   of political  economy.”  “Abstraction  and  Value,”  however, seems to   be   less   obviously   Latourian,   or   Laruellian   or   to   have anything  particularly  to  do  with  the  eliminativist  or  non-philosophical positions we can discern in his other writing (or on his blog The Accursed Share). Rather,  Srnicek’s basic post-Marxist thesis, the one advanced here, that the world political system  is  moving  toward  a  more  medieval  type  of  political system   depends—among   other   things—on   a   speculatively financial  reading  of  Elie  Ayache's  reading  of  Meillassoux’s After Finitude3  in The Blank Swan: The End of Probability  to try to articulate what this different economic system will do to a  medival  political  system.  What  we  have  here  is  a  sort  of critically   speculative,   post-Marxist   understanding   of   the economy.  This  is  his  risk.  And  Ayache  describes  for  us  what this  kind  of  creative  political  work  might  look  like,  might doin The Blank Swan&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In  an  August  2009  interview  with  Paul  Ennis  at Another Heidegger  Blog  Nick  Srnicek,  speculative  heretic  that  he  is, quite  rightly  asserts  that,  “Speculative  Realism  doesn’t  label  a single  set  of  positions”  because  “the  four  main  contributors [Graham   Harman,   Quentin   Meillassoux,   Iain   Hamilton Grant,  Ray  Brassier]  to  it  are  all  vastly  different,  and  there really  is  no  common  ground.”  However,  I  want  to  suggest that   Srnicek’s   work,   at   least   in   his   contribution   to   our laboratory-atelier,   “Abstraction   and   Value:   The   Medieval Origins of Financial Quantification,” is closest to the critically speculative  position  of  Meillassoux  in After  Finitude,  a  book which,  in  the  same  interview,  Srnicek  claims  is  “the  best diagnosis of the problems with contemporary philosophy, and argued  with  a  clarity  that  proves  logic,  surprise  and  wonder don’t need to be mutually exclusive.”  Srnicek himself, at least in this interview, places his work within a post-Marxist faction of  Speculative  Realism  which  is  broadly  interested  in  and united  by  a  common  aim  to  reassess  “agency  in  the  light  of neuroscience, eliminativism, and non-philosophy” as well as a focus   on   the   concrete   technical   and   material   aspects   of political  economy.”  “Abstraction  and  Value,”  however, seems to   be   less   obviously   Latourian,   or   Laruellian   or   to   have anything  particularly  to  do  with  the  eliminativist  or  non-philosophical positions we can discern in his other writing (or on his blog The Accursed Share). Rather,  Srnicek’s basic post-Marxist thesis, the one advanced here, that the world political system  is  moving  toward  a  more  medieval  type  of  political system   depends—among   other   things—on   a   speculatively financial  reading  of  Elie  Ayache's  reading  of  Meillassoux’s After Finitude3  in The Blank Swan: The End of Probability  to try to articulate what this different economic system will do to a  medival  political  system.  What  we  have  here  is  a  sort  of critically   speculative,   post-Marxist   understanding   of   the economy.  This  is  his  risk.  And  Ayache  describes  for  us  what this  kind  of  creative  political  work  might  look  like,  might doin The Blank Swan&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Neroplatonism</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Scott Wilson</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In a 2008 Times Literary Supplement review of Quentin Meil-lassoux’s After  Finitude,  the  founding  text  of  Speculative  Ma-terialism,   Simon   Critchley   takes   Georges   Bataille   as   an example  of  the  worst  excesses  of  “correlationism.”  Critchley mentions a notorious late night conversation between Bataille and  A.J.  Ayer  at  which  Merleau-Ponty  and  Giorgio  Am-brosini,  the  physicist  who  influenced  Bataille’s The  Accursed Share,  were  also  present.  This  conversation,  which  went  on until  3 am,  involved  an  argument  as  to  whether  or  not  you could say that the “sun existed before man.” Commenting on “the  abyss  that  separates  French  and  English  philosophy,” Critchley writes: The  thesis  under  discussion  was  very  simple:  did  the sun  exist  before  the  appearance  of  humans?  Ayer  saw no reason to doubt that it did, whereas Bataille thought the  whole  proposition  meaningless.  For  a  philosopher committed to scientific realism, like Ayer, it makes ev-ident  sense  to  utter  ancestral  statements  such  as  “The sun   existed   prior   to   the   appearance   of   humans,” whereas,  for  a  correlationist  like  Bataille,  more  versed in Hegel and phenomenology, physical objects must be perceived by an observer in order to be said to exist.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In a 2008 Times Literary Supplement review of Quentin Meil-lassoux’s After  Finitude,  the  founding  text  of  Speculative  Ma-terialism,   Simon   Critchley   takes   Georges   Bataille   as   an example  of  the  worst  excesses  of  “correlationism.”  Critchley mentions a notorious late night conversation between Bataille and  A.J.  Ayer  at  which  Merleau-Ponty  and  Giorgio  Am-brosini,  the  physicist  who  influenced  Bataille’s The  Accursed Share,  were  also  present.  This  conversation,  which  went  on until  3 am,  involved  an  argument  as  to  whether  or  not  you could say that the “sun existed before man.” Commenting on “the  abyss  that  separates  French  and  English  philosophy,” Critchley writes: The  thesis  under  discussion  was  very  simple:  did  the sun  exist  before  the  appearance  of  humans?  Ayer  saw no reason to doubt that it did, whereas Bataille thought the  whole  proposition  meaningless.  For  a  philosopher committed to scientific realism, like Ayer, it makes ev-ident  sense  to  utter  ancestral  statements  such  as  “The sun   existed   prior   to   the   appearance   of   humans,” whereas,  for  a  correlationist  like  Bataille,  more  versed in Hegel and phenomenology, physical objects must be perceived by an observer in order to be said to exist.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <PersonName>Anna Kłosowska</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The history of transmission of Aristotle in the West is surpris-ingly complex,  and  it  attaches  (but  what  doesn’t?)  to  period distinctions between medieval and modern. For instance, the propagation  of  Aristotle’s Physics  is  contemporary  with  the rise of instrumentaria, that is, making things to measure other things,  but  also  production  of  musical  instruments.  The  first graduated  thermometers  appear  throughout  Europe  around the turn of the sixteenth century, roughly the same time when the writing of poetry and playing musical instruments become both more popular and more specialized. In that period, lutes become more widespread as middle class possessions, leading historians to catalogue lutes as a means to establish the rise of early  modern  middle  class  in  Paris.  This  is  the  period  of  spe-cialization  when  teaching,  writing  and  publishing  music  is decoupled  from  writing  poetry.  That  transformative  time  for Physics  is  also  when  some  intellectuals  move  away  from  the traditional  Averroes’s  commentary  on  Aristotle’s Poetics  and in creasingly rely on direct translations from the Greek.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The history of transmission of Aristotle in the West is surpris-ingly complex,  and  it  attaches  (but  what  doesn’t?)  to  period distinctions between medieval and modern. For instance, the propagation  of  Aristotle’s Physics  is  contemporary  with  the rise of instrumentaria, that is, making things to measure other things,  but  also  production  of  musical  instruments.  The  first graduated  thermometers  appear  throughout  Europe  around the turn of the sixteenth century, roughly the same time when the writing of poetry and playing musical instruments become both more popular and more specialized. In that period, lutes become more widespread as middle class possessions, leading historians to catalogue lutes as a means to establish the rise of early  modern  middle  class  in  Paris.  This  is  the  period  of  spe-cialization  when  teaching,  writing  and  publishing  music  is decoupled  from  writing  poetry.  That  transformative  time  for Physics  is  also  when  some  intellectuals  move  away  from  the traditional  Averroes’s  commentary  on  Aristotle’s Poetics  and in creasingly rely on direct translations from the Greek.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Cosmic Eggs, or Events Before Anything</TitleText>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;If it is a question of where to begin, medieval embryology and cosmogony  answer  speculatively,  starting  at  the very begin-ning: they return the human to the site of so many primordial, intestinal involvements in the world—or rather, the very con-ception  of worlds  from  “mere  seeds  and  hopes,”  as  Ovid  puts it in the Metamorphoses.1 At one end of the spectrum, embry-ological  narratives  effectively  reverse  engineer  the  organism, tracing  back  through  time  a  fluid  and  concatenating  series  of molecular events, topological movements, and intensities that may be missed only because they result in such solid-seeming entities.  In  the  fourteenth  century,  Nicole  Oresme marvels  at the contingencies involved in the process, expressing surprise that  a  human  being  comes  about  at  all,  since  “error  can  hap-pen from many causes but only in one way can it complete all things  successfully—and  for  this  one  way  many  things  are required.” Even when things pan out, the wrenching epigenet-ic  change  undergone  by  the  embryo  is  extreme:  “between [Socrates] at his birth and at his maturity . . . there is surely a greater  difference,  if  you  consider  it  well,  than  there  is  be-tween a pig and a dog at birth, or between an ass and a horse or mule, or a crow and an eagle, or between a wolf and a dog, all  of  which  are  of  different  species.”2  It  is  as  if the  human were  originally  constituted  as  some  kind  of  menagerie,  espe-cially in light of the Aristotelian thesis that the embryo moves through  successive  stages  of  micro-speciation  (vegetal,  ani-mal,  human).  At  the  other  end  of  the  spectrum,  medieval cosmogony  regularly  describes  a  cosmic  birth  that  is  equally fraught:  an  account  of  everything  originally  abandoned  to chaotic flux before being resolved into the developed Ptolema-ism that we all associate with the Middle Ages. The methodo-logical challenge of beginning is the same, tarrying with semi-nal,  gestational  moments  anterior  to  being.  It  is  to  speculate about what is not yet, rather than what is&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;If it is a question of where to begin, medieval embryology and cosmogony  answer  speculatively,  starting  at  the very begin-ning: they return the human to the site of so many primordial, intestinal involvements in the world—or rather, the very con-ception  of worlds  from  “mere  seeds  and  hopes,”  as  Ovid  puts it in the Metamorphoses.1 At one end of the spectrum, embry-ological  narratives  effectively  reverse  engineer  the  organism, tracing  back  through  time  a  fluid  and  concatenating  series  of molecular events, topological movements, and intensities that may be missed only because they result in such solid-seeming entities.  In  the  fourteenth  century,  Nicole  Oresme marvels  at the contingencies involved in the process, expressing surprise that  a  human  being  comes  about  at  all,  since  “error  can  hap-pen from many causes but only in one way can it complete all things  successfully—and  for  this  one  way  many  things  are required.” Even when things pan out, the wrenching epigenet-ic  change  undergone  by  the  embryo  is  extreme:  “between [Socrates] at his birth and at his maturity . . . there is surely a greater  difference,  if  you  consider  it  well,  than  there  is  be-tween a pig and a dog at birth, or between an ass and a horse or mule, or a crow and an eagle, or between a wolf and a dog, all  of  which  are  of  different  species.”2  It  is  as  if the  human were  originally  constituted  as  some  kind  of  menagerie,  espe-cially in light of the Aristotelian thesis that the embryo moves through  successive  stages  of  micro-speciation  (vegetal,  ani-mal,  human).  At  the  other  end  of  the  spectrum,  medieval cosmogony  regularly  describes  a  cosmic  birth  that  is  equally fraught:  an  account  of  everything  originally  abandoned  to chaotic flux before being resolved into the developed Ptolema-ism that we all associate with the Middle Ages. The methodo-logical challenge of beginning is the same, tarrying with semi-nal,  gestational  moments  anterior  to  being.  It  is  to  speculate about what is not yet, rather than what is&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Abusing Aristotle</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Kellie Robertson</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;‘Speculative’  in  contemporary  usage often denotes  something that  is  not  grounded  in  fact,  not  based  in  the  “actual  world.” This is a term of suspicion for some (as in the phrase “merely speculative”)  and  of approval  for  others  (as  in  the  introduc-tion  to Towards  Speculative  Realism,  where the  philosopher Graham Harman asserts that “speculative” serves as a kind of homeopathic  inoculation  of  realism,  ensuring  that  realism  is not  equated  with  an  interest  in  “a  dull  commonsense  realism of  genuine  trees  and  billiard  balls  existing  outside  the  mind, but a darker form of ‘weird realism’ bearing little resemblance to  the  presuppositions  of  everyday  life”).1  Yet  in  medieval scholastic  usage,  this  term  was  frequently  used  to  denote  the very  material  science  of  physics,  a  science  whose  goal  was  to describe  and  analyze  everyday  experience,  the  “dull  com-monsense  realism”  of  things.  Ockham,  in  the  prologue  to  his commentary  on  Aristotle’s Physics,  describes  the  overlap  be-tween  physics  and  metaphysics,  asserting  that  physics  is  also “primarily  speculative.”2  Thus,  for  Ockham  and  his  contem-poraries,  looking at a rock was just as speculative an endeavor as imagining how that rock was transformed by your looking into  a  mental  or  intentional  object.  What  I  find  useful  about the  recent  turn  to  speculative  realism  is  that  it  reminds  us  of the speculative nature of both the physical sciences and moral philosophy. This paper  is  in  part  a  meditation  on  how  the “specters of Aristotle” (pace Derrida) haunt the modern intel-lectual  divide  that  seeks  to  partition  off  the  “dull”  physical world from our metaphysical engagement with it.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;‘Speculative’  in  contemporary  usage often denotes  something that  is  not  grounded  in  fact,  not  based  in  the  “actual  world.” This is a term of suspicion for some (as in the phrase “merely speculative”)  and  of approval  for  others  (as  in  the  introduc-tion  to Towards  Speculative  Realism,  where the  philosopher Graham Harman asserts that “speculative” serves as a kind of homeopathic  inoculation  of  realism,  ensuring  that  realism  is not  equated  with  an  interest  in  “a  dull  commonsense  realism of  genuine  trees  and  billiard  balls  existing  outside  the  mind, but a darker form of ‘weird realism’ bearing little resemblance to  the  presuppositions  of  everyday  life”).1  Yet  in  medieval scholastic  usage,  this  term  was  frequently  used  to  denote  the very  material  science  of  physics,  a  science  whose  goal  was  to describe  and  analyze  everyday  experience,  the  “dull  com-monsense  realism”  of  things.  Ockham,  in  the  prologue  to  his commentary  on  Aristotle’s Physics,  describes  the  overlap  be-tween  physics  and  metaphysics,  asserting  that  physics  is  also “primarily  speculative.”2  Thus,  for  Ockham  and  his  contem-poraries,  looking at a rock was just as speculative an endeavor as imagining how that rock was transformed by your looking into  a  mental  or  intentional  object.  What  I  find  useful  about the  recent  turn  to  speculative  realism  is  that  it  reminds  us  of the speculative nature of both the physical sciences and moral philosophy. This paper  is  in  part  a  meditation  on  how  the “specters of Aristotle” (pace Derrida) haunt the modern intel-lectual  divide  that  seeks  to  partition  off  the  “dull”  physical world from our metaphysical engagement with it.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Lynx-Eyed Aristotle</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Response to Kellie Robertson</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Drew Daniel</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;And now for some catty remarks. In the Prologue to the Expo-sitio  super  viii  (octo)  libros  Physicorum,  William  of  Ockham pounces  upon  a  particularly  jarring  image  with  which  to praise Aristotle’s exceptional status among the philosophers:The  most  accomplished  man  to  have  appeared  among them is Aristotle, outstanding as a man of no slight or insignificant  learning.  With  the  eyes  of  a  lynx,  as  it were,  he  explored  the  deep  secrets  of  nature  and  re-vealed to posterity the hidden truths of natural philos-ophy.1I’m placing this image of the lynx-eyed Aristotle beside Kellie Robertson’s  learned  and  capacious  essay  because  Ockham’s queer  construction  of  a  nocturnal,  feline  Aristotle  further supplements  her  archive  of  medieval  Aristotles:  the  infidel, the  physicist,  the  S&amp;amp;M  bottom  engaged  in  a  brisk  session  of pony-play  with  a  rampant  Phyllis,  but  more  importantly,  the thinker of a hylomorphic metaphysics whose enduring alterity might help to pry us out of present predicaments. Joining this company,  scenting  the  air  with  paws  extended  and  pupils  di-lated  wide,  Ockham’s  lynx-eyed  Aristotle  stands  poised  to forage  for  what  lies  hidden  within  the  dark  world  of  physical nature that Graham Harman’s project has plumbed so fierce-ly. Since Kellie’s paper is both historical in its exposition of the past  archive  of  these  medieval  Aristotles  and  proleptic  in  its sense of how that history might reinforce and prepare the way for  Graham’s  own  paper  today,  I  want  to  cut  left  and  simply flag  some  key,  portable  points  in  Kellie’s  paper  that  I  found most  generative.  These  points—hers not  mine—potentially help  to  anchor  a  particularly  life-saving  rope  bridge  that  we might throw across some wide gaps in philosophical history.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;And now for some catty remarks. In the Prologue to the Expo-sitio  super  viii  (octo)  libros  Physicorum,  William  of  Ockham pounces  upon  a  particularly  jarring  image  with  which  to praise Aristotle’s exceptional status among the philosophers:The  most  accomplished  man  to  have  appeared  among them is Aristotle, outstanding as a man of no slight or insignificant  learning.  With  the  eyes  of  a  lynx,  as  it were,  he  explored  the  deep  secrets  of  nature  and  re-vealed to posterity the hidden truths of natural philos-ophy.1I’m placing this image of the lynx-eyed Aristotle beside Kellie Robertson’s  learned  and  capacious  essay  because  Ockham’s queer  construction  of  a  nocturnal,  feline  Aristotle  further supplements  her  archive  of  medieval  Aristotles:  the  infidel, the  physicist,  the  S&amp;amp;M  bottom  engaged  in  a  brisk  session  of pony-play  with  a  rampant  Phyllis,  but  more  importantly,  the thinker of a hylomorphic metaphysics whose enduring alterity might help to pry us out of present predicaments. Joining this company,  scenting  the  air  with  paws  extended  and  pupils  di-lated  wide,  Ockham’s  lynx-eyed  Aristotle  stands  poised  to forage  for  what  lies  hidden  within  the  dark  world  of  physical nature that Graham Harman’s project has plumbed so fierce-ly. Since Kellie’s paper is both historical in its exposition of the past  archive  of  these  medieval  Aristotles  and  proleptic  in  its sense of how that history might reinforce and prepare the way for  Graham’s  own  paper  today,  I  want  to  cut  left  and  simply flag  some  key,  portable  points  in  Kellie’s  paper  that  I  found most  generative.  These  points—hers not  mine—potentially help  to  anchor  a  particularly  life-saving  rope  bridge  that  we might throw across some wide gaps in philosophical history.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;These words you are reading, some of which I read aloud once upon  a  speculatively  medieval  afternoon  in  New  York  City—and  which  I  find myself  compelled  now  to  rewrite—what arethey?  What  were  they?  And  what  have  they  become  by  their translation  and  so  transformation  from  paper  to  essay,  from colloquium to whichever media now hosts them? Perhaps, by their end, they will have the flavor of a manifesto. But if so, it will not be in the arch/modern sense that Bruno Latour sets to one  side  even  as  he  attempts  his  own “Compositionist  Mani-festo.” There  will  be  no “war  cries  intended  to  speed  up  the movement,  ridicule  the  Philistines,  castigate  the  reactionar-ies.”1 Like his, the words I wrote and now rewrite “have some-thing in common”   with such rallying calls, “namely the search for the Common.” “The thirst for the Common World is what there  is  of  communism  in  compositionism,” he  observes, “with this small but crucial difference: that it has to be slowly composed.”    The  compositionist  has  to  entertain  competing and  divergent,  wandering  agencies.  Her  manifestos  remain therefore  subject  to  failure,  deformation,  and  transformation by  the “discontinuous  pieces” they  attempt  to  host,  by  the overflow  of  entities  and  agencies  they  register.  What  then  do they  produce?  To  what  do  they  amount? “Prospects,”   merely, boasts Latour—projections, speculative possibilities. Compos-ing “carries  with  it  the  pungent  but  ecologically  correct  smell of ‘compost’,” a scene of slow cooking, of fermentation, perco-lation,” the active ‘de-composition’  of many invisible actors.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;These words you are reading, some of which I read aloud once upon  a  speculatively  medieval  afternoon  in  New  York  City—and  which  I  find myself  compelled  now  to  rewrite—what arethey?  What  were  they?  And  what  have  they  become  by  their translation  and  so  transformation  from  paper  to  essay,  from colloquium to whichever media now hosts them? Perhaps, by their end, they will have the flavor of a manifesto. But if so, it will not be in the arch/modern sense that Bruno Latour sets to one  side  even  as  he  attempts  his  own “Compositionist  Mani-festo.” There  will  be  no “war  cries  intended  to  speed  up  the movement,  ridicule  the  Philistines,  castigate  the  reactionar-ies.”1 Like his, the words I wrote and now rewrite “have some-thing in common”   with such rallying calls, “namely the search for the Common.” “The thirst for the Common World is what there  is  of  communism  in  compositionism,” he  observes, “with this small but crucial difference: that it has to be slowly composed.”    The  compositionist  has  to  entertain  competing and  divergent,  wandering  agencies.  Her  manifestos  remain therefore  subject  to  failure,  deformation,  and  transformation by  the “discontinuous  pieces” they  attempt  to  host,  by  the overflow  of  entities  and  agencies  they  register.  What  then  do they  produce?  To  what  do  they  amount? “Prospects,”   merely, boasts Latour—projections, speculative possibilities. Compos-ing “carries  with  it  the  pungent  but  ecologically  correct  smell of ‘compost’,” a scene of slow cooking, of fermentation, perco-lation,” the active ‘de-composition’  of many invisible actors.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;There  are  two  ways  of  approaching  the  topic  of  Speculative Medievalisms.  On  the  one  hand,  one  might  consider  the  role of  the  medieval  or  medievalism  within  speculation  or  the speculative. Allan Mitchell offers a version of this approach in his piece in this volume, “Cosmic Eggs, or Events Before Eve-rything,”  when  he  reflects  on  how  the  medieval  is already to be  found  in  the  speculative,  whether  consciously  or  uncon-sciously.  Another  way  of  approaching  the  topic  would  be  to consider how the theses, ideas or propositions found in specu-lative  realism  translate  to  a  medieval—or  in Yates’s  case,  an early modern—literary critical practice. This second approach serves as the focus of Yates’s essay, and so it will be the subject of  my  response.  In  this  response  I  will  re-compose Yates’sessay, schematically restructuring it so as to draw out the im-plications for speculative medieval critical practice.Harman’s  technique in  his  book Prince  of  Networks is  a complicated one, but one whose mechanisms are worth study-ing.1  Harman  takes  as  his  starting  point  Bruno  Latour’s  critical  practice  for,  and  as,  sociology,  science  studies,  and  actor network   theory   (among   others).   From   Latour’s   practice, Harman then extrapolates its underlying, more or less explicit metaphysics.  In  Part  II  of  the Prince  of  Networks, Harman tweaks  this  metaphysics  slightly  to  present  a  new  or  slightly modified  version  of  Latourian  metaphysics,  and  this  tweaked Latourian  metaphysics  becomes  Object  Oriented  Ontology. The  end  of  the  book  leaves  readers  with  one  critical  practice (Latourian  practice,  as  embodied  in  his  work)  and  two  meta-physics (the Latourian metaphysics Harman describes and the metaphysics he himself  elaborates).  The  third  section  of  Har-man’s  book—the  section  of  the  book  where  he  works  back from Part II’s metaphysics to a critical practice—has not been written yet. If Latourian critical practice can produce or imply a metaphysics, then what are the contours of the critical prac-tice  that  might  correspond  to  the  metaphysics  of  Part  II? What is a Harmanian or speculative realist critical practice?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;There  are  two  ways  of  approaching  the  topic  of  Speculative Medievalisms.  On  the  one  hand,  one  might  consider  the  role of  the  medieval  or  medievalism  within  speculation  or  the speculative. Allan Mitchell offers a version of this approach in his piece in this volume, “Cosmic Eggs, or Events Before Eve-rything,”  when  he  reflects  on  how  the  medieval  is already to be  found  in  the  speculative,  whether  consciously  or  uncon-sciously.  Another  way  of  approaching  the  topic  would  be  to consider how the theses, ideas or propositions found in specu-lative  realism  translate  to  a  medieval—or  in Yates’s  case,  an early modern—literary critical practice. This second approach serves as the focus of Yates’s essay, and so it will be the subject of  my  response.  In  this  response  I  will  re-compose Yates’sessay, schematically restructuring it so as to draw out the im-plications for speculative medieval critical practice.Harman’s  technique in  his  book Prince  of  Networks is  a complicated one, but one whose mechanisms are worth study-ing.1  Harman  takes  as  his  starting  point  Bruno  Latour’s  critical  practice  for,  and  as,  sociology,  science  studies,  and  actor network   theory   (among   others).   From   Latour’s   practice, Harman then extrapolates its underlying, more or less explicit metaphysics.  In  Part  II  of  the Prince  of  Networks, Harman tweaks  this  metaphysics  slightly  to  present  a  new  or  slightly modified  version  of  Latourian  metaphysics,  and  this  tweaked Latourian  metaphysics  becomes  Object  Oriented  Ontology. The  end  of  the  book  leaves  readers  with  one  critical  practice (Latourian  practice,  as  embodied  in  his  work)  and  two  meta-physics (the Latourian metaphysics Harman describes and the metaphysics he himself  elaborates).  The  third  section  of  Har-man’s  book—the  section  of  the  book  where  he  works  back from Part II’s metaphysics to a critical practice—has not been written yet. If Latourian critical practice can produce or imply a metaphysics, then what are the contours of the critical prac-tice  that  might  correspond  to  the  metaphysics  of  Part  II? What is a Harmanian or speculative realist critical practice?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;“Between  the  moon  and  the  earth  there  live  spirits  whom  we call  incubus-demons.”1  So  declares  Maugantius,  summoned before  the  king  to  explain  how  a  boy  named  Merlin  could have  been  born  without  a father. Inter  lunam  et  terram, be-tween  a  celestial  globe  in  ceaseless  circulation  and  the  dull earth: in this intermedial space dwell creaturesat once human and  angelic.  Incubus-demons  can  assume  mortal  forms  and descend to visit earthly women. “Many people have been born this  way,”  Maugantius  asserts.  Among  the  progeny  of  such intercourse  is  Merlin,  destined  to  become  our  iconic  wizard. This  genesis  narrative  marks  Merlin’s  advent  into  the  literary tradition.  The  story  yields  no  evidence  of  his  future  as a  be-spectacled and senescent figure, cloaked in robes and wielding a wand. Dumbledore is a diminished and modern avatar. The primordial Merlin is much more difficult to emplace. Between moon  and  earth  is  a  gap  that  opens  because  the  two  realms cannot touch. Merlin arrives from a kind of heavenly lacuna, a suspended  and  disjunctive  space created  because  two  bodies that are  two  worlds  endlessly  withdrawn from  each  other. Aerial  and  moonlit,  this  middle  realm  is  knowable  only  at se  cond  hand.  Maugantius  makes  clear  that  his  knowledge  of what dwells between lunar possibility and the cold earth’s heft ar  rives vicariously, through books of history and philosophy.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;“Between  the  moon  and  the  earth  there  live  spirits  whom  we call  incubus-demons.”1  So  declares  Maugantius,  summoned before  the  king  to  explain  how  a  boy  named  Merlin  could have  been  born  without  a father. Inter  lunam  et  terram, be-tween  a  celestial  globe  in  ceaseless  circulation  and  the  dull earth: in this intermedial space dwell creaturesat once human and  angelic.  Incubus-demons  can  assume  mortal  forms  and descend to visit earthly women. “Many people have been born this  way,”  Maugantius  asserts.  Among  the  progeny  of  such intercourse  is  Merlin,  destined  to  become  our  iconic  wizard. This  genesis  narrative  marks  Merlin’s  advent  into  the  literary tradition.  The  story  yields  no  evidence  of  his  future  as a  be-spectacled and senescent figure, cloaked in robes and wielding a wand. Dumbledore is a diminished and modern avatar. The primordial Merlin is much more difficult to emplace. Between moon  and  earth  is  a  gap  that  opens  because  the  two  realms cannot touch. Merlin arrives from a kind of heavenly lacuna, a suspended  and  disjunctive  space created  because  two  bodies that are  two  worlds  endlessly  withdrawn from  each  other. Aerial  and  moonlit,  this  middle  realm  is  knowable  only  at se  cond  hand.  Maugantius  makes  clear  that  his  knowledge  of what dwells between lunar possibility and the cold earth’s heft ar  rives vicariously, through books of history and philosophy.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In Alan Moore’s The Killing Joke, after the Joker has been ap-prehended for doing all sorts of awful things to Barbara Gor-don, he tells Batman the following joke: See,  there were  these  two  guys  in  a  lunatic  asylum  .  .  . and one night, one night they decide they don’t like liv-ing  in  an  asylum  any  more.  They  decide  they’re  going to escape! So, like, they get up onto the roof, and there, just across this narrow gap, they see the rooftops of the town,  stretching  away  in  the  moonlight  .  .  .  stretching away  to  freedom.  Now,  the  first  guy,  he  jumps  right across  with  no  problem.  But  his  friend,  his  friend didn’t dare make the leap. Y’see . . . Y’see, he’s afraid of falling.  So  then,  the  first  guy  has  an  idea .  .  .  He  says ‘Hey!  I  have  my  flashlight  with  me!  I’ll  shine  it  across the gap between the buildings. You can walk along the beam  and  join  me!’  B-but  the  second  guy  just shakes his  head.  He  suh-says  .  .  .  He  says ‘Wh-what  do  you think  I  am?  Crazy?  You’d  turn  it  off  when  I  was  half way across! I will try and bring this kind of lunacy to Speculative Real-ism and develop a parallel kind of path to Jeffrey’s    paper. I will do  this  through weird  fiction.  In  addition  to  his  massive  col-lection  of  works  the  weird  author  Clark  Ashton  Smith  wrote several synopses of tales he never produced. There are at least two of these tales which are of a lunar nature and which I will read in full.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In Alan Moore’s The Killing Joke, after the Joker has been ap-prehended for doing all sorts of awful things to Barbara Gor-don, he tells Batman the following joke: See,  there were  these  two  guys  in  a  lunatic  asylum  .  .  . and one night, one night they decide they don’t like liv-ing  in  an  asylum  any  more.  They  decide  they’re  going to escape! So, like, they get up onto the roof, and there, just across this narrow gap, they see the rooftops of the town,  stretching  away  in  the  moonlight  .  .  .  stretching away  to  freedom.  Now,  the  first  guy,  he  jumps  right across  with  no  problem.  But  his  friend,  his  friend didn’t dare make the leap. Y’see . . . Y’see, he’s afraid of falling.  So  then,  the  first  guy  has  an  idea .  .  .  He  says ‘Hey!  I  have  my  flashlight  with  me!  I’ll  shine  it  across the gap between the buildings. You can walk along the beam  and  join  me!’  B-but  the  second  guy  just shakes his  head.  He  suh-says  .  .  .  He  says ‘Wh-what  do  you think  I  am?  Crazy?  You’d  turn  it  off  when  I  was  half way across! I will try and bring this kind of lunacy to Speculative Real-ism and develop a parallel kind of path to Jeffrey’s    paper. I will do  this  through weird  fiction.  In  addition  to  his  massive  col-lection  of  works  the  weird  author  Clark  Ashton  Smith  wrote several synopses of tales he never produced. There are at least two of these tales which are of a lunar nature and which I will read in full.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In several publications, I have made the case for objects as the central  theme  of  philosophy.1  It  might  seem  paradoxical  that Heidegger is cited as a key inspiration for this proposal, since “object” is almost never a positive term in Heidegger’s philos-ophy, where it refers to the one-sided objectification of things, reduced  to  presence-at-hand  for  consciousness  or  manipula-ble stockpiles of material for the enframing work of technolo-gy.  In  the  later  Heidegger  we  find  the  word  “thing,”  a  more positive  term  for  the  individual  entity  as  it  mirrors  the  four-fold  play  of  earth,  sky,  gods,  and  mortals.2  Additional  alter-nate  terms  might  be  considered:  Bruno  Latour  prefers  to speak  of  “actors”  or  “actants.”3  Ian  Bogost  employs  the  term “units,”4   with   a   Latin   etymology   whose   Greek   equivalent “monads” in Leibniz is another candidate term.5 There is also the  more  traditional  word  “substance,”  which  I  have  some-times used myself, less for shock value than to show the classi-cal  roots  of  the  theme  of  object-oriented  philosophy.  Though all terminology is somewhat arbitrary, it should not be chosen carelessly. While it is tempting to coin neologisms in order to avoid  being  confused  for  someone  else,  it  is  often  possible  to retain  traditional  terms  while  cleanly  removing  their  now  ir-relevant connotations. The reason I prefer the term “object” is simply because of its roots in the tradition of phenomenology. Husserl tells us openly in the Logical Investigations that expe-rience is made of “object-giving acts,” and Heidegger’s “thing” is  an  attempt  to  modify  and  amplify  the  famous  Husserlian battle  cry  “to  the  things  themselves.”6  When speaking of “ob-jects”  in  what  follows  I  refer notonlyto  objects  as  something objectified in consciousness (though these certainly exist, and must  be  accounted  for),   but  also  to  objects  as  described  in Heidegger’s tool-analysis, incommensurable with any form of presence before the mind.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In several publications, I have made the case for objects as the central  theme  of  philosophy.1  It  might  seem  paradoxical  that Heidegger is cited as a key inspiration for this proposal, since “object” is almost never a positive term in Heidegger’s philos-ophy, where it refers to the one-sided objectification of things, reduced  to  presence-at-hand  for  consciousness  or  manipula-ble stockpiles of material for the enframing work of technolo-gy.  In  the  later  Heidegger  we  find  the  word  “thing,”  a  more positive  term  for  the  individual  entity  as  it  mirrors  the  four-fold  play  of  earth,  sky,  gods,  and  mortals.2  Additional  alter-nate  terms  might  be  considered:  Bruno  Latour  prefers  to speak  of  “actors”  or  “actants.”3  Ian  Bogost  employs  the  term “units,”4   with   a   Latin   etymology   whose   Greek   equivalent “monads” in Leibniz is another candidate term.5 There is also the  more  traditional  word  “substance,”  which  I  have  some-times used myself, less for shock value than to show the classi-cal  roots  of  the  theme  of  object-oriented  philosophy.  Though all terminology is somewhat arbitrary, it should not be chosen carelessly. While it is tempting to coin neologisms in order to avoid  being  confused  for  someone  else,  it  is  often  possible  to retain  traditional  terms  while  cleanly  removing  their  now  ir-relevant connotations. The reason I prefer the term “object” is simply because of its roots in the tradition of phenomenology. Husserl tells us openly in the Logical Investigations that expe-rience is made of “object-giving acts,” and Heidegger’s “thing” is  an  attempt  to  modify  and  amplify  the  famous  Husserlian battle  cry  “to  the  things  themselves.”6  When speaking of “ob-jects”  in  what  follows  I  refer notonlyto  objects  as  something objectified in consciousness (though these certainly exist, and must  be  accounted  for),   but  also  to  objects  as  described  in Heidegger’s tool-analysis, incommensurable with any form of presence before the mind.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;When  I  was  invited  to  respond  to  a  talk  to  be  given  by  Gra-ham  Harman  at  a  conference  on  Speculative  Medievalisms, my first thoughts were not about Aristotle.  My first thoughts were  about  Harman’s  work  on  Bruno  Latour,   who has fa-mously claimed  that we  have  never  been  modern.  So  perhaps we are becoming medieval, I thought: circuiting back through the Enlightenment and the Renaissance to a future age where darkness is to be revalued, with speculative realism, the meas-ure.  Although  I  first  read  Latour  in  the  late  1980s  when  some few  sociologists  studying  science  and  technology  were  doing so,  Harman’s  reading  of  Latour  was  pleasantly  surprising  on two   counts.   His  positioning  of  Latour  as  a  philosophical thinker  who  is  essential  to  the  current  ontological  turn  was resonant  with  my  own  early  situating  of  Latour  not  only  in science  and  technology  studies  but  also  as  part  of  the  philo-sophical  debates  of  the  late  1980s  and  1990s  around  post-structuralism.    However,  Harman’s  Latour  offered  another pleasant surprise in that it re-oriented my thoughts about phi-losophy  and  sociality,  giving  them  a  new  direction  beyond social  construction,  discursive  construction,  psychic  or  unconscious construction,  and finally deconstruction. Harman’s Latour instead points to a rethinking of sociality that necessi-tates  an  ontological  re-booting  that  aims  to  restore  the  won-der of objects, conceive of a causality of allure, and offer a take on aesthetics. In all this a refreshing aporia is inserted between ontology and epistemology,  such that objects are allowed to be re  gardless of our consciousness of them.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;When  I  was  invited  to  respond  to  a  talk  to  be  given  by  Gra-ham  Harman  at  a  conference  on  Speculative  Medievalisms, my first thoughts were not about Aristotle.  My first thoughts were  about  Harman’s  work  on  Bruno  Latour,   who has fa-mously claimed  that we  have  never  been  modern.  So  perhaps we are becoming medieval, I thought: circuiting back through the Enlightenment and the Renaissance to a future age where darkness is to be revalued, with speculative realism, the meas-ure.  Although  I  first  read  Latour  in  the  late  1980s  when  some few  sociologists  studying  science  and  technology  were  doing so,  Harman’s  reading  of  Latour  was  pleasantly  surprising  on two   counts.   His  positioning  of  Latour  as  a  philosophical thinker  who  is  essential  to  the  current  ontological  turn  was resonant  with  my  own  early  situating  of  Latour  not  only  in science  and  technology  studies  but  also  as  part  of  the  philo-sophical  debates  of  the  late  1980s  and  1990s  around  post-structuralism.    However,  Harman’s  Latour  offered  another pleasant surprise in that it re-oriented my thoughts about phi-losophy  and  sociality,  giving  them  a  new  direction  beyond social  construction,  discursive  construction,  psychic  or  unconscious construction,  and finally deconstruction. Harman’s Latour instead points to a rethinking of sociality that necessi-tates  an  ontological  re-booting  that  aims  to  restore  the  won-der of objects, conceive of a causality of allure, and offer a take on aesthetics. In all this a refreshing aporia is inserted between ontology and epistemology,  such that objects are allowed to be re  gardless of our consciousness of them.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;I see an elision or lacuna in these proceedings, possibly signif-icant: the lack of discussion, in a conference rather inspired to speculate  objects  in  the  mirror  of  medieval  works,  of  the  me-dieval origins of the concept and word object. Is this an over-sight, a structural failure of vision to bump into what it ought to  see?  Or  is  it  a  purer  kind  of  non-event,  the  causeless  not-happening  of  something?  Sometimes  I  get  the  feeling  that what  does not  h appen  is  inexplicably  powerful,  an  abyssically negative  spontaneity  ruling  and  seducing  all  existent  things from  its  universal  invisible  domain.  The  issue  might  provide an  interesting  playground  for  thinking  the  objecthood  of  the inexistent,  of  what  is  not there.  This  is  a  good  limit-problem for  any  philosophy  wanting  to  relate  to  reality  as  constituted by how things are. It is also a question that the medieval, as a zone  where  a  saint  recommends  preaching  to  non-existent creatures,  philosophers  theorize  divine  alteration  of  the  past, and mystics see nonbeing as an excess of being, is already an-swering.But  I  prefer  not  to  go  there,  wishing  that  I  could  instead move  (or  realize  that  I  am  only  ever  moving)  like  the  guild navigator in David Lynch’s Dune: “I did not say this. I am not here.”  Instead  I  will  close  the  event  by  trying  to  open  it  into some  avenues  of  understanding  along  which  the  medieval origination  of object  might  lead  the  way.  To  find  the  start  of these avenues, imagine a generic medieval intellectual, that is, someone  infused  with  ‘the  love  of  learning  and  the  desire  for God,’  encountering  contemporary  object-orientedness.  First the  bad  news:  there  is  no  absolute  knowledge,  no  arriving  at the  omnipresent  center.  Then  the  good  news:  we  really  have figured  out  what  everything  is:  objects.  Bad  news:  objects  in-commensurably  withdraw,  remain  irreducible  to  relation,  are never knowable in themselves, so no theosis, henosis, subject-object  union,  incarnation,  soul-body  suppositum,  eternal  in-dividuals, or anything like that. Good news: it is because of the above that anything is happening at all . . . and so forth. May-be the fellow would find relief, like a good bloodletting, in the demotion  of  his  desire  from  the  desire  to  be  everything  to  a desire to be with things. Perhaps he would despair. Perhaps he would think he was in paradise, intoxicated with the idea that these  objects  are  God.  Or  perhaps  he  would  object,  discover-ing  new  truth  through  his  own  understanding  of  the  word object&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;I see an elision or lacuna in these proceedings, possibly signif-icant: the lack of discussion, in a conference rather inspired to speculate  objects  in  the  mirror  of  medieval  works,  of  the  me-dieval origins of the concept and word object. Is this an over-sight, a structural failure of vision to bump into what it ought to  see?  Or  is  it  a  purer  kind  of  non-event,  the  causeless  not-happening  of  something?  Sometimes  I  get  the  feeling  that what  does not  h appen  is  inexplicably  powerful,  an  abyssically negative  spontaneity  ruling  and  seducing  all  existent  things from  its  universal  invisible  domain.  The  issue  might  provide an  interesting  playground  for  thinking  the  objecthood  of  the inexistent,  of  what  is  not there.  This  is  a  good  limit-problem for  any  philosophy  wanting  to  relate  to  reality  as  constituted by how things are. It is also a question that the medieval, as a zone  where  a  saint  recommends  preaching  to  non-existent creatures,  philosophers  theorize  divine  alteration  of  the  past, and mystics see nonbeing as an excess of being, is already an-swering.But  I  prefer  not  to  go  there,  wishing  that  I  could  instead move  (or  realize  that  I  am  only  ever  moving)  like  the  guild navigator in David Lynch’s Dune: “I did not say this. I am not here.”  Instead  I  will  close  the  event  by  trying  to  open  it  into some  avenues  of  understanding  along  which  the  medieval origination  of object  might  lead  the  way.  To  find  the  start  of these avenues, imagine a generic medieval intellectual, that is, someone  infused  with  ‘the  love  of  learning  and  the  desire  for God,’  encountering  contemporary  object-orientedness.  First the  bad  news:  there  is  no  absolute  knowledge,  no  arriving  at the  omnipresent  center.  Then  the  good  news:  we  really  have figured  out  what  everything  is:  objects.  Bad  news:  objects  in-commensurably  withdraw,  remain  irreducible  to  relation,  are never knowable in themselves, so no theosis, henosis, subject-object  union,  incarnation,  soul-body  suppositum,  eternal  in-dividuals, or anything like that. Good news: it is because of the above that anything is happening at all . . . and so forth. May-be the fellow would find relief, like a good bloodletting, in the demotion  of  his  desire  from  the  desire  to  be  everything  to  a desire to be with things. Perhaps he would despair. Perhaps he would think he was in paradise, intoxicated with the idea that these  objects  are  God.  Or  perhaps  he  would  object,  discover-ing  new  truth  through  his  own  understanding  of  the  word object&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Proceedings from the two Speculative Medievalisms symposia, held at King’s College London (Jan. 2011) and The Graduate Center, City University of New York (Sep. 2011), and organized by The Petropunk Collective (Eileen Joy, Anna Klosowska, Nicola Masciandaro, and Michael O’Rourke). These interdisciplinary events were dedicated to dialogue and cross-contamination between traditional concepts of speculatio, present-minded premodern studies, and contemporary speculative realist and object-oriented philosophies. In its medieval formulation, speculatio signifies the essentially reflective and imaginative operations of the intellect. Here the world, books, and mind itself are all conceived as specula (mirrors) through which the hermeneutic gaze can gain access to what lies beyond it. “To know is to bend over a mirror where the world is reflected, to descry images reflected from sphere to sphere: the medieval man was always before a mirror, both when he looked around himself and when he surrendered to his own imagination” (Giorgio Agamben, Stanzas).  Correlatively, speculative realism, as the term suggests, is characterized by the self-contradictory intensity of a desire for thought that can think beyond itself — a desire that proceeds, like all philosophy, in a twisted and productive relation to the phantasm of the word.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Aiming to rise above and tunnel below the thought-being or self-world correlation, speculative realism “depart[s] from the text-centered hermeneutic models of the past and engage[s] in daring speculations about the nature of reality itself” (The Speculative Turn). Speculative Medievalisms, like some weird friar-alchemist in an inexistent romance, plays the erotic go-between for these text-centered and text-eccentric intellectual domains by trying to transmute the space between past and present modes of speculation from shared blindness to love at first sight. Possibly succeeding, the volume brings together the work of a motley crew of philosophers and premodernists into prismatic relation.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Proceedings from the two Speculative Medievalisms symposia, held at King’s College London (Jan. 2011) and The Graduate Center, City University of New York (Sep. 2011), and organized by The Petropunk Collective (Eileen Joy, Anna Klosowska, Nicola Masciandaro, and Michael O’Rourke). These interdisciplinary events were dedicated to dialogue and cross-contamination between traditional concepts of speculatio, present-minded premodern studies, and contemporary speculative realist and object-oriented philosophies. In its medieval formulation, speculatio signifies the essentially reflective and imaginative operations of the intellect. Here the world, books, and mind itself are all conceived as specula (mirrors) through which the hermeneutic gaze can gain access to what lies beyond it. “To know is to bend over a mirror where the world is reflected, to descry images reflected from sphere to sphere: the medieval man was always before a mirror, both when he looked around himself and when he surrendered to his own imagination” (Giorgio Agamben, Stanzas).  Correlatively, speculative realism, as the term suggests, is characterized by the self-contradictory intensity of a desire for thought that can think beyond itself — a desire that proceeds, like all philosophy, in a twisted and productive relation to the phantasm of the word.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Aiming to rise above and tunnel below the thought-being or self-world correlation, speculative realism “depart[s] from the text-centered hermeneutic models of the past and engage[s] in daring speculations about the nature of reality itself” (The Speculative Turn). Speculative Medievalisms, like some weird friar-alchemist in an inexistent romance, plays the erotic go-between for these text-centered and text-eccentric intellectual domains by trying to transmute the space between past and present modes of speculation from shared blindness to love at first sight. Possibly succeeding, the volume brings together the work of a motley crew of philosophers and premodernists into prismatic relation.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Speculative Medievalism</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">A Précis</Subtitle>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Speculative  Medievalisms  is  a  collaborative  and  interdiscipli-nary   research   project   focusing   on   the   theorization   and practical development of the speculative dimensions of medi-eval  studies.  The  term “speculative” is  intended  to  resonate with  the  full  range  of  its  medieval  and  modern  meanings. First, speculativeechoes the broad array of specifically medie-val   senses   of speculatio   as   the   essentially   reflective   and imaginative operations of the intellect. According to this conception,  the  world,  books,  and  mind  itself  were  all  conceived as specula  (mirrors)  through  which  the  hermeneutic  gaze could   gain   access   to   what   lies   beyond   them.   As   Giorgio Agamben  explains, “To  know  is  to  bend  over  a  mirror  where the  world  is  reflected,  to  descry  images  reflected  from  sphere to sphere: the medieval man was always before a mirror, both when  he  looked  around  himself  and  when  he  surrendered  to his  own  imagination.”2  This  sense  of  speculative,  which  also gestures  toward  the  humanistic  principle  of  identity  between world-knowledge and self-knowledge, becomes crucial for the development  and  institution  of  medieval  studies  as  a  disci-pline  oriented  to  the  past  as  both  mirror  and  inscrutable  site of  origin.  Like  Narcissus,  who  at  the  fount  falls  in  love  with himself as another, modern Western culture gazes at the Mid-dle  Ages  as  a  self-image  that  impossibly  blurs  the  distinction between  identity  and  alterity.  The  speculative  principle  is  ac-cordingly written into the title of the medieval studies journal, Speculum,  published  by  the  Medieval  Academy  since  1926. Speculum’s  first  editor  E.  K.  Rand  explained  the  aim  of  the journal via this principle in the inaugural issue as follows:&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Speculative  Medievalisms  is  a  collaborative  and  interdiscipli-nary   research   project   focusing   on   the   theorization   and practical development of the speculative dimensions of medi-eval  studies.  The  term “speculative” is  intended  to  resonate with  the  full  range  of  its  medieval  and  modern  meanings. First, speculativeechoes the broad array of specifically medie-val   senses   of speculatio   as   the   essentially   reflective   and imaginative operations of the intellect. According to this conception,  the  world,  books,  and  mind  itself  were  all  conceived as specula  (mirrors)  through  which  the  hermeneutic  gaze could   gain   access   to   what   lies   beyond   them.   As   Giorgio Agamben  explains, “To  know  is  to  bend  over  a  mirror  where the  world  is  reflected,  to  descry  images  reflected  from  sphere to sphere: the medieval man was always before a mirror, both when  he  looked  around  himself  and  when  he  surrendered  to his  own  imagination.”2  This  sense  of  speculative,  which  also gestures  toward  the  humanistic  principle  of  identity  between world-knowledge and self-knowledge, becomes crucial for the development  and  institution  of  medieval  studies  as  a  disci-pline  oriented  to  the  past  as  both  mirror  and  inscrutable  site of  origin.  Like  Narcissus,  who  at  the  fount  falls  in  love  with himself as another, modern Western culture gazes at the Mid-dle  Ages  as  a  self-image  that  impossibly  blurs  the  distinction between  identity  and  alterity.  The  speculative  principle  is  ac-cordingly written into the title of the medieval studies journal, Speculum,  published  by  the  Medieval  Academy  since  1926. Speculum’s  first  editor  E.  K.  Rand  explained  the  aim  of  the journal via this principle in the inaugural issue as follows:&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Toy: Stories: Vita Nuda Then and Now?</TitleText>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In  his  important  study Bíos:  Biopolitics  and  Philosophy,  Rob-erto  Esposito  asks  the  following  question: “How  can  modern man  (sic) tear  himself  from  the theological  matrix?”1  This morning  I  want  to  show  how  such  a  question  discloses  the unthought   medievalisms   of   contemporary   theory   and   ac-counts for the traumatic reinscription of the flesh as incarna-tional   and   eschatological   among   contemporary   theorists.2How can the flesh of history and a history of the flesh rethink such aporia of contemporary theory? My brief comments this morning are a Morse-Code version of a long chapter devoted to the medievalisms of biopolitics taken from my forthcoming book, Entangled Sovereignty:  Studies  in  Premodern  Political Theology.    Eileen  Joy  and  Anna  Kłosowska’s  response  is  this volume is based on that book chapter.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In  his  important  study Bíos:  Biopolitics  and  Philosophy,  Rob-erto  Esposito  asks  the  following  question: “How  can  modern man  (sic) tear  himself  from  the theological  matrix?”1  This morning  I  want  to  show  how  such  a  question  discloses  the unthought   medievalisms   of   contemporary   theory   and   ac-counts for the traumatic reinscription of the flesh as incarna-tional   and   eschatological   among   contemporary   theorists.2How can the flesh of history and a history of the flesh rethink such aporia of contemporary theory? My brief comments this morning are a Morse-Code version of a long chapter devoted to the medievalisms of biopolitics taken from my forthcoming book, Entangled Sovereignty:  Studies  in  Premodern  Political Theology.    Eileen  Joy  and  Anna  Kłosowska’s  response  is  this volume is based on that book chapter.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <PersonName>Anna Klosowska</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In Kathleen Biddick’s longer (as yet unpublished) essay, from which her contribution to this volume is  “ Morse-Coded,”   she writes:[E]ntrapped   by   his   periodization,   Foucault   puzzled over  a  historical  aporia: ‘How  can  the  power  of  death, the function of death, be exercised in a political system centered  upon biopower?’   Nazism,  with  its  untimely unleashing  of  the ‘old  sovereign  power  to  take  life’ concomitant with the most intense forms of biopower . .  . presented  Foucault  with  an  anguishing  temporal paradox.1Given  the  incoherence  between Foucault’s  narrative of how sovereignty (“the power to take life or let live”) was supersed-ed by  biopolitics  (“to foster  life  or  to  disallow  it”),  and  actual modern  history  ( the merger  of  biopolitics and  sovereignty  in Nazism, for example), Foucault acknowledged something that we  all  struggle against  as  we  use  his  concepts—the narratives of  where and how modernity  emerges  into  sight  occlude  as much as they explain.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In Kathleen Biddick’s longer (as yet unpublished) essay, from which her contribution to this volume is  “ Morse-Coded,”   she writes:[E]ntrapped   by   his   periodization,   Foucault   puzzled over  a  historical  aporia: ‘How  can  the  power  of  death, the function of death, be exercised in a political system centered  upon biopower?’   Nazism,  with  its  untimely unleashing  of  the ‘old  sovereign  power  to  take  life’ concomitant with the most intense forms of biopower . .  . presented  Foucault  with  an  anguishing  temporal paradox.1Given  the  incoherence  between Foucault’s  narrative of how sovereignty (“the power to take life or let live”) was supersed-ed by  biopolitics  (“to foster  life  or  to  disallow  it”),  and  actual modern  history  ( the merger  of  biopolitics and  sovereignty  in Nazism, for example), Foucault acknowledged something that we  all  struggle against  as  we  use  his  concepts—the narratives of  where and how modernity  emerges  into  sight  occlude  as much as they explain.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Divine Darkness</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Eugene Thacker</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>New School</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Nearly  everyone  can  relate,  I  suspect,  to  the  feeling  of  being “scared  of  the  dark.”  It  is  no  doubt  for  this  reason  that  dark-ness  saturates  the  horror  genre,  from  the  earliest  examples  of gothic  novels  and  graveyard  poetry,  to  the  most  recent  films, comics,  and  video  games.  We  do  not  know  what  it  is  that dwells  in  the  darkness,  only  that  our  not-knowing  is  a  source of fear.  Darkness  seems  to  steadily  creep  forth,  submerging everything in an anonymous, pitch blackness. Our fear of the dark seems as ambiguous as darkness itself. This ambiguity is at  once  horrific,  and  yet,  because  of  its  ambiguity,  it  also  ob-tains  the  quality  of  the  mystical.  Georges  Bataille,  writing about religious art, highlights this ambiguity: “What I sudden-ly saw, and what imprisoned me in anguish—but which at the same  time  delivered  me  from  it—was  the  identity  of  these perfect  contraries,  divine  ecstasy  and  its  opposite,  extreme horror.” The  concept  of  darkness  evokes  this  combination  of  religion and horror; it is the shift from the horror of something inthe dark, to the horror of darkness itself. Put simply, the concept of darkness invites us to think about this basic metaphys-ical dilemma of a nothing that is a something . . .&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Nearly  everyone  can  relate,  I  suspect,  to  the  feeling  of  being “scared  of  the  dark.”  It  is  no  doubt  for  this  reason  that  dark-ness  saturates  the  horror  genre,  from  the  earliest  examples  of gothic  novels  and  graveyard  poetry,  to  the  most  recent  films, comics,  and  video  games.  We  do  not  know  what  it  is  that dwells  in  the  darkness,  only  that  our  not-knowing  is  a  source of fear.  Darkness  seems  to  steadily  creep  forth,  submerging everything in an anonymous, pitch blackness. Our fear of the dark seems as ambiguous as darkness itself. This ambiguity is at  once  horrific,  and  yet,  because  of  its  ambiguity,  it  also  ob-tains  the  quality  of  the  mystical.  Georges  Bataille,  writing about religious art, highlights this ambiguity: “What I sudden-ly saw, and what imprisoned me in anguish—but which at the same  time  delivered  me  from  it—was  the  identity  of  these perfect  contraries,  divine  ecstasy  and  its  opposite,  extreme horror.” The  concept  of  darkness  evokes  this  combination  of  religion and horror; it is the shift from the horror of something inthe dark, to the horror of darkness itself. Put simply, the concept of darkness invites us to think about this basic metaphys-ical dilemma of a nothing that is a something . . .&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Per Speculum in Aenigmate</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Response to Eugene Thacker</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Nicola Masciandaro</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>Brooklyn College</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Introductory  comments:  I  will  address  divine  darkness  by  fo-cusing  on  the  distinction  between  thought  and  experience,  a distinction  which  parallels  the  distinctions  between thatand what,  and  between  soul  (or  life)  and  body.  I  am  interested here in darkness as an occluded relation or blind spot between thought  and  experience.  At  the  same  time  I  would  like  to ground  the  concept  of  divine  darkness  in  the  traditional  aim or  purpose  of  mystical  contemplation,  which  is  to  become God, to achieve union with God. This is a desire which is legi-ble, but also refused in Bataille’s work, in which we see a kind of reification of the limit of experience and with it, necessarily, a  mystification  of  mysticism.  An    important  figure  for  my  re-sponse  is  the  figure  of  the  cephalophore,  the  head-bearing saint.  Of  course  Dionysius  the  Areopagite,  identified  as  St. Denis, was a cephalophore. I will try to suggest that the ceph-alophore should be reinvented by speculative medievalists as a human  ideal  proper  to  congested  humanity,  the  anthropo-cene, the so-called age of man—the global dead which Eugene ended  with.  I  should  also  note  that  there  is  an  intimate  rela-tion between the mirror and beheading. When we look into a mirror or speculate, we are non-violently beheaded.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Introductory  comments:  I  will  address  divine  darkness  by  fo-cusing  on  the  distinction  between  thought  and  experience,  a distinction  which  parallels  the  distinctions  between thatand what,  and  between  soul  (or  life)  and  body.  I  am  interested here in darkness as an occluded relation or blind spot between thought  and  experience.  At  the  same  time  I  would  like  to ground  the  concept  of  divine  darkness  in  the  traditional  aim or  purpose  of  mystical  contemplation,  which  is  to  become God, to achieve union with God. This is a desire which is legi-ble, but also refused in Bataille’s work, in which we see a kind of reification of the limit of experience and with it, necessarily, a  mystification  of  mysticism.  An    important  figure  for  my  re-sponse  is  the  figure  of  the  cephalophore,  the  head-bearing saint.  Of  course  Dionysius  the  Areopagite,  identified  as  St. Denis, was a cephalophore. I will try to suggest that the ceph-alophore should be reinvented by speculative medievalists as a human  ideal  proper  to  congested  humanity,  the  anthropo-cene, the so-called age of man—the global dead which Eugene ended  with.  I  should  also  note  that  there  is  an  intimate  rela-tion between the mirror and beheading. When we look into a mirror or speculate, we are non-violently beheaded.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">The Speculative Angel</TitleText>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;“Let the angel come.” This is how Guy Lardreau and Christian Jambet preface their heretical, perhaps misguided and certain-ly maligned, but utterly fascinating fusion of Lacan, Mao, and political  theology  in  their L’Ange  of  1976.  They  are  more pleading  later  in  the  book,  writing:  “The  angel  must  come.” But  what  does  any  of  this  mean?  Why,  when  considering speculative medievalisms, have I chosen to write about angels, those  beings  that  seem  the  least  contemporary  and  perhaps most reactionary of medieval theory? And why have I chosen to  do  so  largely  via  a  virtually  unknown  or  forgotten  text  by two  Maoists  whose  work  has  largely  been  ruined  for  us  by  its placement as one species of the cynical, often racist and impe-rialistic, neo-liberal  and  anti-communist  New  Philosophers? What  does  this  ostensibly  political  text,  one  that  the  authors declare  is  nothing  but  a  Maoist  philosophy  (contrary  to  the idea  that  they  are  fellow-travellers  with  the  Sarkozist  ex-Maoists like Glucksmann or Bernard-Henri Lévy), have to say about  speculation  today?  And  in  what  way  is  it  grounded  in the  premodern  condition?  The  answer  is,  in  part,  because  I want  to  understand  what  speculation  may  have  to  do  with revolt,  with  struggle,  and  it  is  in  the  figure  of  the  Angel  that such  questions  come  together,  both  historically  and  within wildly  speculative  ultra-left  French  theory.  For  the  Angel  is both  a  negative  name  for  something  that  is  not  Worldly  and the  Angel  is  a field  of  battle  where  one  either  becomes  a  do-mesticated, pacified bureaucrat of the way things are or where one separates and divides what is from what could be.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;“Let the angel come.” This is how Guy Lardreau and Christian Jambet preface their heretical, perhaps misguided and certain-ly maligned, but utterly fascinating fusion of Lacan, Mao, and political  theology  in  their L’Ange  of  1976.  They  are  more pleading  later  in  the  book,  writing:  “The  angel  must  come.” But  what  does  any  of  this  mean?  Why,  when  considering speculative medievalisms, have I chosen to write about angels, those  beings  that  seem  the  least  contemporary  and  perhaps most reactionary of medieval theory? And why have I chosen to  do  so  largely  via  a  virtually  unknown  or  forgotten  text  by two  Maoists  whose  work  has  largely  been  ruined  for  us  by  its placement as one species of the cynical, often racist and impe-rialistic, neo-liberal  and  anti-communist  New  Philosophers? What  does  this  ostensibly  political  text,  one  that  the  authors declare  is  nothing  but  a  Maoist  philosophy  (contrary  to  the idea  that  they  are  fellow-travellers  with  the  Sarkozist  ex-Maoists like Glucksmann or Bernard-Henri Lévy), have to say about  speculation  today?  And  in  what  way  is  it  grounded  in the  premodern  condition?  The  answer  is,  in  part,  because  I want  to  understand  what  speculation  may  have  to  do  with revolt,  with  struggle,  and  it  is  in  the  figure  of  the  Angel  that such  questions  come  together,  both  historically  and  within wildly  speculative  ultra-left  French  theory.  For  the  Angel  is both  a  negative  name  for  something  that  is  not  Worldly  and the  Angel  is  a field  of  battle  where  one  either  becomes  a  do-mesticated, pacified bureaucrat of the way things are or where one separates and divides what is from what could be.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Lapidary Demons</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Response to Anthony Paul Smith</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Ben Woodard</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Given  the  problem  of  localizing  the  power  of  speculation  in the pre-modern assisted by the impertinent form of the angel, I  wish  to  approach  the  irruption  of  workable  forms,  of  the non-ideological message, through Naturephilosophie,  through somewhat  weird  (and  hopefully  medieval)  means,  with  the construction of Lapidary Demons as a diagonal response. Stone appears as the recapitulation of immanence, of mat-ter  seemingly  foreclosed  and  foreclosing,  the  material  of  in-ternment  and  memorial.  The  stone,  the  movement  of  the  in-organic,  indexes  deep  time  and  the  failure  of  the  category  of the  inorganic  itself  in Naturephilosophie,  since  we  find  stone participating  in  the  partial  dominion  of  life on  matter,  in DeLanda's  well  known  narrative  of  mineralization  in homo sapiens  endoskeletons.1  Similarly,  dwelling  or  the  carving  of knowledge  on  stone  redirects  the  torpid  trajectory  of  its  re-shapings, albeit only slightly.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Given  the  problem  of  localizing  the  power  of  speculation  in the pre-modern assisted by the impertinent form of the angel, I  wish  to  approach  the  irruption  of  workable  forms,  of  the non-ideological message, through Naturephilosophie,  through somewhat  weird  (and  hopefully  medieval)  means,  with  the construction of Lapidary Demons as a diagonal response. Stone appears as the recapitulation of immanence, of mat-ter  seemingly  foreclosed  and  foreclosing,  the  material  of  in-ternment  and  memorial.  The  stone,  the  movement  of  the  in-organic,  indexes  deep  time  and  the  failure  of  the  category  of the  inorganic  itself  in Naturephilosophie,  since  we  find  stone participating  in  the  partial  dominion  of  life on  matter,  in DeLanda's  well  known  narrative  of  mineralization  in homo sapiens  endoskeletons.1  Similarly,  dwelling  or  the  carving  of knowledge  on  stone  redirects  the  torpid  trajectory  of  its  re-shapings, albeit only slightly.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <Subtitle language="eng">The Medieval Origins of Financial Quantification</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Nick Srnicek</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;We live in an era plagued by the debilitating fallout of finan-cial  implosion.  By  now  credit  default  swaps,  collateralized debt  obligations,  options,  futures,  and  other  “financial  weap-ons  of  mass  destruction”  have  all  entered  into  the  common lexicon. While the economically speculative nature of finance is  abundantly  clear,  the  philosophically  speculative  nature  of finance  is  less  well  recognized.  Perhaps  surprisingly,  it  is  in finance that we find the purest attempt at the quantification of all  available  material,  to  an  extent  conceivably  greater  than even  modern  natural  science.  Empirical  and  non-empirical, actual  and  possible,  order  and  chaos—all  are  available  for measurement  and  calculation  within  the  algorithms  of  mod-ern financial models.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;We live in an era plagued by the debilitating fallout of finan-cial  implosion.  By  now  credit  default  swaps,  collateralized debt  obligations,  options,  futures,  and  other  “financial  weap-ons  of  mass  destruction”  have  all  entered  into  the  common lexicon. While the economically speculative nature of finance is  abundantly  clear,  the  philosophically  speculative  nature  of finance  is  less  well  recognized.  Perhaps  surprisingly,  it  is  in finance that we find the purest attempt at the quantification of all  available  material,  to  an  extent  conceivably  greater  than even  modern  natural  science.  Empirical  and  non-empirical, actual  and  possible,  order  and  chaos—all  are  available  for measurement  and  calculation  within  the  algorithms  of  mod-ern financial models.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In  an  August  2009  interview  with  Paul  Ennis  at Another Heidegger  Blog  Nick  Srnicek,  speculative  heretic  that  he  is, quite  rightly  asserts  that,  “Speculative  Realism  doesn’t  label  a single  set  of  positions”  because  “the  four  main  contributors [Graham   Harman,   Quentin   Meillassoux,   Iain   Hamilton Grant,  Ray  Brassier]  to  it  are  all  vastly  different,  and  there really  is  no  common  ground.”  However,  I  want  to  suggest that   Srnicek’s   work,   at   least   in   his   contribution   to   our laboratory-atelier,   “Abstraction   and   Value:   The   Medieval Origins of Financial Quantification,” is closest to the critically speculative  position  of  Meillassoux  in After  Finitude,  a  book which,  in  the  same  interview,  Srnicek  claims  is  “the  best diagnosis of the problems with contemporary philosophy, and argued  with  a  clarity  that  proves  logic,  surprise  and  wonder don’t need to be mutually exclusive.”  Srnicek himself, at least in this interview, places his work within a post-Marxist faction of  Speculative  Realism  which  is  broadly  interested  in  and united  by  a  common  aim  to  reassess  “agency  in  the  light  of neuroscience, eliminativism, and non-philosophy” as well as a focus   on   the   concrete   technical   and   material   aspects   of political  economy.”  “Abstraction  and  Value,”  however, seems to   be   less   obviously   Latourian,   or   Laruellian   or   to   have anything  particularly  to  do  with  the  eliminativist  or  non-philosophical positions we can discern in his other writing (or on his blog The Accursed Share). Rather,  Srnicek’s basic post-Marxist thesis, the one advanced here, that the world political system  is  moving  toward  a  more  medieval  type  of  political system   depends—among   other   things—on   a   speculatively financial  reading  of  Elie  Ayache's  reading  of  Meillassoux’s After Finitude3  in The Blank Swan: The End of Probability  to try to articulate what this different economic system will do to a  medival  political  system.  What  we  have  here  is  a  sort  of critically   speculative,   post-Marxist   understanding   of   the economy.  This  is  his  risk.  And  Ayache  describes  for  us  what this  kind  of  creative  political  work  might  look  like,  might doin The Blank Swan&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In  an  August  2009  interview  with  Paul  Ennis  at Another Heidegger  Blog  Nick  Srnicek,  speculative  heretic  that  he  is, quite  rightly  asserts  that,  “Speculative  Realism  doesn’t  label  a single  set  of  positions”  because  “the  four  main  contributors [Graham   Harman,   Quentin   Meillassoux,   Iain   Hamilton Grant,  Ray  Brassier]  to  it  are  all  vastly  different,  and  there really  is  no  common  ground.”  However,  I  want  to  suggest that   Srnicek’s   work,   at   least   in   his   contribution   to   our laboratory-atelier,   “Abstraction   and   Value:   The   Medieval Origins of Financial Quantification,” is closest to the critically speculative  position  of  Meillassoux  in After  Finitude,  a  book which,  in  the  same  interview,  Srnicek  claims  is  “the  best diagnosis of the problems with contemporary philosophy, and argued  with  a  clarity  that  proves  logic,  surprise  and  wonder don’t need to be mutually exclusive.”  Srnicek himself, at least in this interview, places his work within a post-Marxist faction of  Speculative  Realism  which  is  broadly  interested  in  and united  by  a  common  aim  to  reassess  “agency  in  the  light  of neuroscience, eliminativism, and non-philosophy” as well as a focus   on   the   concrete   technical   and   material   aspects   of political  economy.”  “Abstraction  and  Value,”  however, seems to   be   less   obviously   Latourian,   or   Laruellian   or   to   have anything  particularly  to  do  with  the  eliminativist  or  non-philosophical positions we can discern in his other writing (or on his blog The Accursed Share). Rather,  Srnicek’s basic post-Marxist thesis, the one advanced here, that the world political system  is  moving  toward  a  more  medieval  type  of  political system   depends—among   other   things—on   a   speculatively financial  reading  of  Elie  Ayache's  reading  of  Meillassoux’s After Finitude3  in The Blank Swan: The End of Probability  to try to articulate what this different economic system will do to a  medival  political  system.  What  we  have  here  is  a  sort  of critically   speculative,   post-Marxist   understanding   of   the economy.  This  is  his  risk.  And  Ayache  describes  for  us  what this  kind  of  creative  political  work  might  look  like,  might doin The Blank Swan&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In a 2008 Times Literary Supplement review of Quentin Meil-lassoux’s After  Finitude,  the  founding  text  of  Speculative  Ma-terialism,   Simon   Critchley   takes   Georges   Bataille   as   an example  of  the  worst  excesses  of  “correlationism.”  Critchley mentions a notorious late night conversation between Bataille and  A.J.  Ayer  at  which  Merleau-Ponty  and  Giorgio  Am-brosini,  the  physicist  who  influenced  Bataille’s The  Accursed Share,  were  also  present.  This  conversation,  which  went  on until  3 am,  involved  an  argument  as  to  whether  or  not  you could say that the “sun existed before man.” Commenting on “the  abyss  that  separates  French  and  English  philosophy,” Critchley writes: The  thesis  under  discussion  was  very  simple:  did  the sun  exist  before  the  appearance  of  humans?  Ayer  saw no reason to doubt that it did, whereas Bataille thought the  whole  proposition  meaningless.  For  a  philosopher committed to scientific realism, like Ayer, it makes ev-ident  sense  to  utter  ancestral  statements  such  as  “The sun   existed   prior   to   the   appearance   of   humans,” whereas,  for  a  correlationist  like  Bataille,  more  versed in Hegel and phenomenology, physical objects must be perceived by an observer in order to be said to exist.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In a 2008 Times Literary Supplement review of Quentin Meil-lassoux’s After  Finitude,  the  founding  text  of  Speculative  Ma-terialism,   Simon   Critchley   takes   Georges   Bataille   as   an example  of  the  worst  excesses  of  “correlationism.”  Critchley mentions a notorious late night conversation between Bataille and  A.J.  Ayer  at  which  Merleau-Ponty  and  Giorgio  Am-brosini,  the  physicist  who  influenced  Bataille’s The  Accursed Share,  were  also  present.  This  conversation,  which  went  on until  3 am,  involved  an  argument  as  to  whether  or  not  you could say that the “sun existed before man.” Commenting on “the  abyss  that  separates  French  and  English  philosophy,” Critchley writes: The  thesis  under  discussion  was  very  simple:  did  the sun  exist  before  the  appearance  of  humans?  Ayer  saw no reason to doubt that it did, whereas Bataille thought the  whole  proposition  meaningless.  For  a  philosopher committed to scientific realism, like Ayer, it makes ev-ident  sense  to  utter  ancestral  statements  such  as  “The sun   existed   prior   to   the   appearance   of   humans,” whereas,  for  a  correlationist  like  Bataille,  more  versed in Hegel and phenomenology, physical objects must be perceived by an observer in order to be said to exist.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The history of transmission of Aristotle in the West is surpris-ingly complex,  and  it  attaches  (but  what  doesn’t?)  to  period distinctions between medieval and modern. For instance, the propagation  of  Aristotle’s Physics  is  contemporary  with  the rise of instrumentaria, that is, making things to measure other things,  but  also  production  of  musical  instruments.  The  first graduated  thermometers  appear  throughout  Europe  around the turn of the sixteenth century, roughly the same time when the writing of poetry and playing musical instruments become both more popular and more specialized. In that period, lutes become more widespread as middle class possessions, leading historians to catalogue lutes as a means to establish the rise of early  modern  middle  class  in  Paris.  This  is  the  period  of  spe-cialization  when  teaching,  writing  and  publishing  music  is decoupled  from  writing  poetry.  That  transformative  time  for Physics  is  also  when  some  intellectuals  move  away  from  the traditional  Averroes’s  commentary  on  Aristotle’s Poetics  and in creasingly rely on direct translations from the Greek.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The history of transmission of Aristotle in the West is surpris-ingly complex,  and  it  attaches  (but  what  doesn’t?)  to  period distinctions between medieval and modern. For instance, the propagation  of  Aristotle’s Physics  is  contemporary  with  the rise of instrumentaria, that is, making things to measure other things,  but  also  production  of  musical  instruments.  The  first graduated  thermometers  appear  throughout  Europe  around the turn of the sixteenth century, roughly the same time when the writing of poetry and playing musical instruments become both more popular and more specialized. In that period, lutes become more widespread as middle class possessions, leading historians to catalogue lutes as a means to establish the rise of early  modern  middle  class  in  Paris.  This  is  the  period  of  spe-cialization  when  teaching,  writing  and  publishing  music  is decoupled  from  writing  poetry.  That  transformative  time  for Physics  is  also  when  some  intellectuals  move  away  from  the traditional  Averroes’s  commentary  on  Aristotle’s Poetics  and in creasingly rely on direct translations from the Greek.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Cosmic Eggs, or Events Before Anything</TitleText>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;If it is a question of where to begin, medieval embryology and cosmogony  answer  speculatively,  starting  at  the very begin-ning: they return the human to the site of so many primordial, intestinal involvements in the world—or rather, the very con-ception  of worlds  from  “mere  seeds  and  hopes,”  as  Ovid  puts it in the Metamorphoses.1 At one end of the spectrum, embry-ological  narratives  effectively  reverse  engineer  the  organism, tracing  back  through  time  a  fluid  and  concatenating  series  of molecular events, topological movements, and intensities that may be missed only because they result in such solid-seeming entities.  In  the  fourteenth  century,  Nicole  Oresme marvels  at the contingencies involved in the process, expressing surprise that  a  human  being  comes  about  at  all,  since  “error  can  hap-pen from many causes but only in one way can it complete all things  successfully—and  for  this  one  way  many  things  are required.” Even when things pan out, the wrenching epigenet-ic  change  undergone  by  the  embryo  is  extreme:  “between [Socrates] at his birth and at his maturity . . . there is surely a greater  difference,  if  you  consider  it  well,  than  there  is  be-tween a pig and a dog at birth, or between an ass and a horse or mule, or a crow and an eagle, or between a wolf and a dog, all  of  which  are  of  different  species.”2  It  is  as  if the  human were  originally  constituted  as  some  kind  of  menagerie,  espe-cially in light of the Aristotelian thesis that the embryo moves through  successive  stages  of  micro-speciation  (vegetal,  ani-mal,  human).  At  the  other  end  of  the  spectrum,  medieval cosmogony  regularly  describes  a  cosmic  birth  that  is  equally fraught:  an  account  of  everything  originally  abandoned  to chaotic flux before being resolved into the developed Ptolema-ism that we all associate with the Middle Ages. The methodo-logical challenge of beginning is the same, tarrying with semi-nal,  gestational  moments  anterior  to  being.  It  is  to  speculate about what is not yet, rather than what is&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;If it is a question of where to begin, medieval embryology and cosmogony  answer  speculatively,  starting  at  the very begin-ning: they return the human to the site of so many primordial, intestinal involvements in the world—or rather, the very con-ception  of worlds  from  “mere  seeds  and  hopes,”  as  Ovid  puts it in the Metamorphoses.1 At one end of the spectrum, embry-ological  narratives  effectively  reverse  engineer  the  organism, tracing  back  through  time  a  fluid  and  concatenating  series  of molecular events, topological movements, and intensities that may be missed only because they result in such solid-seeming entities.  In  the  fourteenth  century,  Nicole  Oresme marvels  at the contingencies involved in the process, expressing surprise that  a  human  being  comes  about  at  all,  since  “error  can  hap-pen from many causes but only in one way can it complete all things  successfully—and  for  this  one  way  many  things  are required.” Even when things pan out, the wrenching epigenet-ic  change  undergone  by  the  embryo  is  extreme:  “between [Socrates] at his birth and at his maturity . . . there is surely a greater  difference,  if  you  consider  it  well,  than  there  is  be-tween a pig and a dog at birth, or between an ass and a horse or mule, or a crow and an eagle, or between a wolf and a dog, all  of  which  are  of  different  species.”2  It  is  as  if the  human were  originally  constituted  as  some  kind  of  menagerie,  espe-cially in light of the Aristotelian thesis that the embryo moves through  successive  stages  of  micro-speciation  (vegetal,  ani-mal,  human).  At  the  other  end  of  the  spectrum,  medieval cosmogony  regularly  describes  a  cosmic  birth  that  is  equally fraught:  an  account  of  everything  originally  abandoned  to chaotic flux before being resolved into the developed Ptolema-ism that we all associate with the Middle Ages. The methodo-logical challenge of beginning is the same, tarrying with semi-nal,  gestational  moments  anterior  to  being.  It  is  to  speculate about what is not yet, rather than what is&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;‘Speculative’  in  contemporary  usage often denotes  something that  is  not  grounded  in  fact,  not  based  in  the  “actual  world.” This is a term of suspicion for some (as in the phrase “merely speculative”)  and  of approval  for  others  (as  in  the  introduc-tion  to Towards  Speculative  Realism,  where the  philosopher Graham Harman asserts that “speculative” serves as a kind of homeopathic  inoculation  of  realism,  ensuring  that  realism  is not  equated  with  an  interest  in  “a  dull  commonsense  realism of  genuine  trees  and  billiard  balls  existing  outside  the  mind, but a darker form of ‘weird realism’ bearing little resemblance to  the  presuppositions  of  everyday  life”).1  Yet  in  medieval scholastic  usage,  this  term  was  frequently  used  to  denote  the very  material  science  of  physics,  a  science  whose  goal  was  to describe  and  analyze  everyday  experience,  the  “dull  com-monsense  realism”  of  things.  Ockham,  in  the  prologue  to  his commentary  on  Aristotle’s Physics,  describes  the  overlap  be-tween  physics  and  metaphysics,  asserting  that  physics  is  also “primarily  speculative.”2  Thus,  for  Ockham  and  his  contem-poraries,  looking at a rock was just as speculative an endeavor as imagining how that rock was transformed by your looking into  a  mental  or  intentional  object.  What  I  find  useful  about the  recent  turn  to  speculative  realism  is  that  it  reminds  us  of the speculative nature of both the physical sciences and moral philosophy. This paper  is  in  part  a  meditation  on  how  the “specters of Aristotle” (pace Derrida) haunt the modern intel-lectual  divide  that  seeks  to  partition  off  the  “dull”  physical world from our metaphysical engagement with it.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;‘Speculative’  in  contemporary  usage often denotes  something that  is  not  grounded  in  fact,  not  based  in  the  “actual  world.” This is a term of suspicion for some (as in the phrase “merely speculative”)  and  of approval  for  others  (as  in  the  introduc-tion  to Towards  Speculative  Realism,  where the  philosopher Graham Harman asserts that “speculative” serves as a kind of homeopathic  inoculation  of  realism,  ensuring  that  realism  is not  equated  with  an  interest  in  “a  dull  commonsense  realism of  genuine  trees  and  billiard  balls  existing  outside  the  mind, but a darker form of ‘weird realism’ bearing little resemblance to  the  presuppositions  of  everyday  life”).1  Yet  in  medieval scholastic  usage,  this  term  was  frequently  used  to  denote  the very  material  science  of  physics,  a  science  whose  goal  was  to describe  and  analyze  everyday  experience,  the  “dull  com-monsense  realism”  of  things.  Ockham,  in  the  prologue  to  his commentary  on  Aristotle’s Physics,  describes  the  overlap  be-tween  physics  and  metaphysics,  asserting  that  physics  is  also “primarily  speculative.”2  Thus,  for  Ockham  and  his  contem-poraries,  looking at a rock was just as speculative an endeavor as imagining how that rock was transformed by your looking into  a  mental  or  intentional  object.  What  I  find  useful  about the  recent  turn  to  speculative  realism  is  that  it  reminds  us  of the speculative nature of both the physical sciences and moral philosophy. This paper  is  in  part  a  meditation  on  how  the “specters of Aristotle” (pace Derrida) haunt the modern intel-lectual  divide  that  seeks  to  partition  off  the  “dull”  physical world from our metaphysical engagement with it.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Lynx-Eyed Aristotle</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Response to Kellie Robertson</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Drew Daniel</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;And now for some catty remarks. In the Prologue to the Expo-sitio  super  viii  (octo)  libros  Physicorum,  William  of  Ockham pounces  upon  a  particularly  jarring  image  with  which  to praise Aristotle’s exceptional status among the philosophers:The  most  accomplished  man  to  have  appeared  among them is Aristotle, outstanding as a man of no slight or insignificant  learning.  With  the  eyes  of  a  lynx,  as  it were,  he  explored  the  deep  secrets  of  nature  and  re-vealed to posterity the hidden truths of natural philos-ophy.1I’m placing this image of the lynx-eyed Aristotle beside Kellie Robertson’s  learned  and  capacious  essay  because  Ockham’s queer  construction  of  a  nocturnal,  feline  Aristotle  further supplements  her  archive  of  medieval  Aristotles:  the  infidel, the  physicist,  the  S&amp;amp;M  bottom  engaged  in  a  brisk  session  of pony-play  with  a  rampant  Phyllis,  but  more  importantly,  the thinker of a hylomorphic metaphysics whose enduring alterity might help to pry us out of present predicaments. Joining this company,  scenting  the  air  with  paws  extended  and  pupils  di-lated  wide,  Ockham’s  lynx-eyed  Aristotle  stands  poised  to forage  for  what  lies  hidden  within  the  dark  world  of  physical nature that Graham Harman’s project has plumbed so fierce-ly. Since Kellie’s paper is both historical in its exposition of the past  archive  of  these  medieval  Aristotles  and  proleptic  in  its sense of how that history might reinforce and prepare the way for  Graham’s  own  paper  today,  I  want  to  cut  left  and  simply flag  some  key,  portable  points  in  Kellie’s  paper  that  I  found most  generative.  These  points—hers not  mine—potentially help  to  anchor  a  particularly  life-saving  rope  bridge  that  we might throw across some wide gaps in philosophical history.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;And now for some catty remarks. In the Prologue to the Expo-sitio  super  viii  (octo)  libros  Physicorum,  William  of  Ockham pounces  upon  a  particularly  jarring  image  with  which  to praise Aristotle’s exceptional status among the philosophers:The  most  accomplished  man  to  have  appeared  among them is Aristotle, outstanding as a man of no slight or insignificant  learning.  With  the  eyes  of  a  lynx,  as  it were,  he  explored  the  deep  secrets  of  nature  and  re-vealed to posterity the hidden truths of natural philos-ophy.1I’m placing this image of the lynx-eyed Aristotle beside Kellie Robertson’s  learned  and  capacious  essay  because  Ockham’s queer  construction  of  a  nocturnal,  feline  Aristotle  further supplements  her  archive  of  medieval  Aristotles:  the  infidel, the  physicist,  the  S&amp;amp;M  bottom  engaged  in  a  brisk  session  of pony-play  with  a  rampant  Phyllis,  but  more  importantly,  the thinker of a hylomorphic metaphysics whose enduring alterity might help to pry us out of present predicaments. Joining this company,  scenting  the  air  with  paws  extended  and  pupils  di-lated  wide,  Ockham’s  lynx-eyed  Aristotle  stands  poised  to forage  for  what  lies  hidden  within  the  dark  world  of  physical nature that Graham Harman’s project has plumbed so fierce-ly. Since Kellie’s paper is both historical in its exposition of the past  archive  of  these  medieval  Aristotles  and  proleptic  in  its sense of how that history might reinforce and prepare the way for  Graham’s  own  paper  today,  I  want  to  cut  left  and  simply flag  some  key,  portable  points  in  Kellie’s  paper  that  I  found most  generative.  These  points—hers not  mine—potentially help  to  anchor  a  particularly  life-saving  rope  bridge  that  we might throw across some wide gaps in philosophical history.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;These words you are reading, some of which I read aloud once upon  a  speculatively  medieval  afternoon  in  New  York  City—and  which  I  find myself  compelled  now  to  rewrite—what arethey?  What  were  they?  And  what  have  they  become  by  their translation  and  so  transformation  from  paper  to  essay,  from colloquium to whichever media now hosts them? Perhaps, by their end, they will have the flavor of a manifesto. But if so, it will not be in the arch/modern sense that Bruno Latour sets to one  side  even  as  he  attempts  his  own “Compositionist  Mani-festo.” There  will  be  no “war  cries  intended  to  speed  up  the movement,  ridicule  the  Philistines,  castigate  the  reactionar-ies.”1 Like his, the words I wrote and now rewrite “have some-thing in common”   with such rallying calls, “namely the search for the Common.” “The thirst for the Common World is what there  is  of  communism  in  compositionism,” he  observes, “with this small but crucial difference: that it has to be slowly composed.”    The  compositionist  has  to  entertain  competing and  divergent,  wandering  agencies.  Her  manifestos  remain therefore  subject  to  failure,  deformation,  and  transformation by  the “discontinuous  pieces” they  attempt  to  host,  by  the overflow  of  entities  and  agencies  they  register.  What  then  do they  produce?  To  what  do  they  amount? “Prospects,”   merely, boasts Latour—projections, speculative possibilities. Compos-ing “carries  with  it  the  pungent  but  ecologically  correct  smell of ‘compost’,” a scene of slow cooking, of fermentation, perco-lation,” the active ‘de-composition’  of many invisible actors.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;These words you are reading, some of which I read aloud once upon  a  speculatively  medieval  afternoon  in  New  York  City—and  which  I  find myself  compelled  now  to  rewrite—what arethey?  What  were  they?  And  what  have  they  become  by  their translation  and  so  transformation  from  paper  to  essay,  from colloquium to whichever media now hosts them? Perhaps, by their end, they will have the flavor of a manifesto. But if so, it will not be in the arch/modern sense that Bruno Latour sets to one  side  even  as  he  attempts  his  own “Compositionist  Mani-festo.” There  will  be  no “war  cries  intended  to  speed  up  the movement,  ridicule  the  Philistines,  castigate  the  reactionar-ies.”1 Like his, the words I wrote and now rewrite “have some-thing in common”   with such rallying calls, “namely the search for the Common.” “The thirst for the Common World is what there  is  of  communism  in  compositionism,” he  observes, “with this small but crucial difference: that it has to be slowly composed.”    The  compositionist  has  to  entertain  competing and  divergent,  wandering  agencies.  Her  manifestos  remain therefore  subject  to  failure,  deformation,  and  transformation by  the “discontinuous  pieces” they  attempt  to  host,  by  the overflow  of  entities  and  agencies  they  register.  What  then  do they  produce?  To  what  do  they  amount? “Prospects,”   merely, boasts Latour—projections, speculative possibilities. Compos-ing “carries  with  it  the  pungent  but  ecologically  correct  smell of ‘compost’,” a scene of slow cooking, of fermentation, perco-lation,” the active ‘de-composition’  of many invisible actors.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">A Recipe for Disaster: Practical Metaphysics: Response to Julian Yates</TitleText>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;There  are  two  ways  of  approaching  the  topic  of  Speculative Medievalisms.  On  the  one  hand,  one  might  consider  the  role of  the  medieval  or  medievalism  within  speculation  or  the speculative. Allan Mitchell offers a version of this approach in his piece in this volume, “Cosmic Eggs, or Events Before Eve-rything,”  when  he  reflects  on  how  the  medieval  is already to be  found  in  the  speculative,  whether  consciously  or  uncon-sciously.  Another  way  of  approaching  the  topic  would  be  to consider how the theses, ideas or propositions found in specu-lative  realism  translate  to  a  medieval—or  in Yates’s  case,  an early modern—literary critical practice. This second approach serves as the focus of Yates’s essay, and so it will be the subject of  my  response.  In  this  response  I  will  re-compose Yates’sessay, schematically restructuring it so as to draw out the im-plications for speculative medieval critical practice.Harman’s  technique in  his  book Prince  of  Networks is  a complicated one, but one whose mechanisms are worth study-ing.1  Harman  takes  as  his  starting  point  Bruno  Latour’s  critical  practice  for,  and  as,  sociology,  science  studies,  and  actor network   theory   (among   others).   From   Latour’s   practice, Harman then extrapolates its underlying, more or less explicit metaphysics.  In  Part  II  of  the Prince  of  Networks, Harman tweaks  this  metaphysics  slightly  to  present  a  new  or  slightly modified  version  of  Latourian  metaphysics,  and  this  tweaked Latourian  metaphysics  becomes  Object  Oriented  Ontology. The  end  of  the  book  leaves  readers  with  one  critical  practice (Latourian  practice,  as  embodied  in  his  work)  and  two  meta-physics (the Latourian metaphysics Harman describes and the metaphysics he himself  elaborates).  The  third  section  of  Har-man’s  book—the  section  of  the  book  where  he  works  back from Part II’s metaphysics to a critical practice—has not been written yet. If Latourian critical practice can produce or imply a metaphysics, then what are the contours of the critical prac-tice  that  might  correspond  to  the  metaphysics  of  Part  II? What is a Harmanian or speculative realist critical practice?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;There  are  two  ways  of  approaching  the  topic  of  Speculative Medievalisms.  On  the  one  hand,  one  might  consider  the  role of  the  medieval  or  medievalism  within  speculation  or  the speculative. Allan Mitchell offers a version of this approach in his piece in this volume, “Cosmic Eggs, or Events Before Eve-rything,”  when  he  reflects  on  how  the  medieval  is already to be  found  in  the  speculative,  whether  consciously  or  uncon-sciously.  Another  way  of  approaching  the  topic  would  be  to consider how the theses, ideas or propositions found in specu-lative  realism  translate  to  a  medieval—or  in Yates’s  case,  an early modern—literary critical practice. This second approach serves as the focus of Yates’s essay, and so it will be the subject of  my  response.  In  this  response  I  will  re-compose Yates’sessay, schematically restructuring it so as to draw out the im-plications for speculative medieval critical practice.Harman’s  technique in  his  book Prince  of  Networks is  a complicated one, but one whose mechanisms are worth study-ing.1  Harman  takes  as  his  starting  point  Bruno  Latour’s  critical  practice  for,  and  as,  sociology,  science  studies,  and  actor network   theory   (among   others).   From   Latour’s   practice, Harman then extrapolates its underlying, more or less explicit metaphysics.  In  Part  II  of  the Prince  of  Networks, Harman tweaks  this  metaphysics  slightly  to  present  a  new  or  slightly modified  version  of  Latourian  metaphysics,  and  this  tweaked Latourian  metaphysics  becomes  Object  Oriented  Ontology. The  end  of  the  book  leaves  readers  with  one  critical  practice (Latourian  practice,  as  embodied  in  his  work)  and  two  meta-physics (the Latourian metaphysics Harman describes and the metaphysics he himself  elaborates).  The  third  section  of  Har-man’s  book—the  section  of  the  book  where  he  works  back from Part II’s metaphysics to a critical practice—has not been written yet. If Latourian critical practice can produce or imply a metaphysics, then what are the contours of the critical prac-tice  that  might  correspond  to  the  metaphysics  of  Part  II? What is a Harmanian or speculative realist critical practice?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;“Between  the  moon  and  the  earth  there  live  spirits  whom  we call  incubus-demons.”1  So  declares  Maugantius,  summoned before  the  king  to  explain  how  a  boy  named  Merlin  could have  been  born  without  a father. Inter  lunam  et  terram, be-tween  a  celestial  globe  in  ceaseless  circulation  and  the  dull earth: in this intermedial space dwell creaturesat once human and  angelic.  Incubus-demons  can  assume  mortal  forms  and descend to visit earthly women. “Many people have been born this  way,”  Maugantius  asserts.  Among  the  progeny  of  such intercourse  is  Merlin,  destined  to  become  our  iconic  wizard. This  genesis  narrative  marks  Merlin’s  advent  into  the  literary tradition.  The  story  yields  no  evidence  of  his  future  as a  be-spectacled and senescent figure, cloaked in robes and wielding a wand. Dumbledore is a diminished and modern avatar. The primordial Merlin is much more difficult to emplace. Between moon  and  earth  is  a  gap  that  opens  because  the  two  realms cannot touch. Merlin arrives from a kind of heavenly lacuna, a suspended  and  disjunctive  space created  because  two  bodies that are  two  worlds  endlessly  withdrawn from  each  other. Aerial  and  moonlit,  this  middle  realm  is  knowable  only  at se  cond  hand.  Maugantius  makes  clear  that  his  knowledge  of what dwells between lunar possibility and the cold earth’s heft ar  rives vicariously, through books of history and philosophy.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;“Between  the  moon  and  the  earth  there  live  spirits  whom  we call  incubus-demons.”1  So  declares  Maugantius,  summoned before  the  king  to  explain  how  a  boy  named  Merlin  could have  been  born  without  a father. Inter  lunam  et  terram, be-tween  a  celestial  globe  in  ceaseless  circulation  and  the  dull earth: in this intermedial space dwell creaturesat once human and  angelic.  Incubus-demons  can  assume  mortal  forms  and descend to visit earthly women. “Many people have been born this  way,”  Maugantius  asserts.  Among  the  progeny  of  such intercourse  is  Merlin,  destined  to  become  our  iconic  wizard. This  genesis  narrative  marks  Merlin’s  advent  into  the  literary tradition.  The  story  yields  no  evidence  of  his  future  as a  be-spectacled and senescent figure, cloaked in robes and wielding a wand. Dumbledore is a diminished and modern avatar. The primordial Merlin is much more difficult to emplace. Between moon  and  earth  is  a  gap  that  opens  because  the  two  realms cannot touch. Merlin arrives from a kind of heavenly lacuna, a suspended  and  disjunctive  space created  because  two  bodies that are  two  worlds  endlessly  withdrawn from  each  other. Aerial  and  moonlit,  this  middle  realm  is  knowable  only  at se  cond  hand.  Maugantius  makes  clear  that  his  knowledge  of what dwells between lunar possibility and the cold earth’s heft ar  rives vicariously, through books of history and philosophy.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In Alan Moore’s The Killing Joke, after the Joker has been ap-prehended for doing all sorts of awful things to Barbara Gor-don, he tells Batman the following joke: See,  there were  these  two  guys  in  a  lunatic  asylum  .  .  . and one night, one night they decide they don’t like liv-ing  in  an  asylum  any  more.  They  decide  they’re  going to escape! So, like, they get up onto the roof, and there, just across this narrow gap, they see the rooftops of the town,  stretching  away  in  the  moonlight  .  .  .  stretching away  to  freedom.  Now,  the  first  guy,  he  jumps  right across  with  no  problem.  But  his  friend,  his  friend didn’t dare make the leap. Y’see . . . Y’see, he’s afraid of falling.  So  then,  the  first  guy  has  an  idea .  .  .  He  says ‘Hey!  I  have  my  flashlight  with  me!  I’ll  shine  it  across the gap between the buildings. You can walk along the beam  and  join  me!’  B-but  the  second  guy  just shakes his  head.  He  suh-says  .  .  .  He  says ‘Wh-what  do  you think  I  am?  Crazy?  You’d  turn  it  off  when  I  was  half way across! I will try and bring this kind of lunacy to Speculative Real-ism and develop a parallel kind of path to Jeffrey’s    paper. I will do  this  through weird  fiction.  In  addition  to  his  massive  col-lection  of  works  the  weird  author  Clark  Ashton  Smith  wrote several synopses of tales he never produced. There are at least two of these tales which are of a lunar nature and which I will read in full.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In Alan Moore’s The Killing Joke, after the Joker has been ap-prehended for doing all sorts of awful things to Barbara Gor-don, he tells Batman the following joke: See,  there were  these  two  guys  in  a  lunatic  asylum  .  .  . and one night, one night they decide they don’t like liv-ing  in  an  asylum  any  more.  They  decide  they’re  going to escape! So, like, they get up onto the roof, and there, just across this narrow gap, they see the rooftops of the town,  stretching  away  in  the  moonlight  .  .  .  stretching away  to  freedom.  Now,  the  first  guy,  he  jumps  right across  with  no  problem.  But  his  friend,  his  friend didn’t dare make the leap. Y’see . . . Y’see, he’s afraid of falling.  So  then,  the  first  guy  has  an  idea .  .  .  He  says ‘Hey!  I  have  my  flashlight  with  me!  I’ll  shine  it  across the gap between the buildings. You can walk along the beam  and  join  me!’  B-but  the  second  guy  just shakes his  head.  He  suh-says  .  .  .  He  says ‘Wh-what  do  you think  I  am?  Crazy?  You’d  turn  it  off  when  I  was  half way across! I will try and bring this kind of lunacy to Speculative Real-ism and develop a parallel kind of path to Jeffrey’s    paper. I will do  this  through weird  fiction.  In  addition  to  his  massive  col-lection  of  works  the  weird  author  Clark  Ashton  Smith  wrote several synopses of tales he never produced. There are at least two of these tales which are of a lunar nature and which I will read in full.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In several publications, I have made the case for objects as the central  theme  of  philosophy.1  It  might  seem  paradoxical  that Heidegger is cited as a key inspiration for this proposal, since “object” is almost never a positive term in Heidegger’s philos-ophy, where it refers to the one-sided objectification of things, reduced  to  presence-at-hand  for  consciousness  or  manipula-ble stockpiles of material for the enframing work of technolo-gy.  In  the  later  Heidegger  we  find  the  word  “thing,”  a  more positive  term  for  the  individual  entity  as  it  mirrors  the  four-fold  play  of  earth,  sky,  gods,  and  mortals.2  Additional  alter-nate  terms  might  be  considered:  Bruno  Latour  prefers  to speak  of  “actors”  or  “actants.”3  Ian  Bogost  employs  the  term “units,”4   with   a   Latin   etymology   whose   Greek   equivalent “monads” in Leibniz is another candidate term.5 There is also the  more  traditional  word  “substance,”  which  I  have  some-times used myself, less for shock value than to show the classi-cal  roots  of  the  theme  of  object-oriented  philosophy.  Though all terminology is somewhat arbitrary, it should not be chosen carelessly. While it is tempting to coin neologisms in order to avoid  being  confused  for  someone  else,  it  is  often  possible  to retain  traditional  terms  while  cleanly  removing  their  now  ir-relevant connotations. The reason I prefer the term “object” is simply because of its roots in the tradition of phenomenology. Husserl tells us openly in the Logical Investigations that expe-rience is made of “object-giving acts,” and Heidegger’s “thing” is  an  attempt  to  modify  and  amplify  the  famous  Husserlian battle  cry  “to  the  things  themselves.”6  When speaking of “ob-jects”  in  what  follows  I  refer notonlyto  objects  as  something objectified in consciousness (though these certainly exist, and must  be  accounted  for),   but  also  to  objects  as  described  in Heidegger’s tool-analysis, incommensurable with any form of presence before the mind.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In several publications, I have made the case for objects as the central  theme  of  philosophy.1  It  might  seem  paradoxical  that Heidegger is cited as a key inspiration for this proposal, since “object” is almost never a positive term in Heidegger’s philos-ophy, where it refers to the one-sided objectification of things, reduced  to  presence-at-hand  for  consciousness  or  manipula-ble stockpiles of material for the enframing work of technolo-gy.  In  the  later  Heidegger  we  find  the  word  “thing,”  a  more positive  term  for  the  individual  entity  as  it  mirrors  the  four-fold  play  of  earth,  sky,  gods,  and  mortals.2  Additional  alter-nate  terms  might  be  considered:  Bruno  Latour  prefers  to speak  of  “actors”  or  “actants.”3  Ian  Bogost  employs  the  term “units,”4   with   a   Latin   etymology   whose   Greek   equivalent “monads” in Leibniz is another candidate term.5 There is also the  more  traditional  word  “substance,”  which  I  have  some-times used myself, less for shock value than to show the classi-cal  roots  of  the  theme  of  object-oriented  philosophy.  Though all terminology is somewhat arbitrary, it should not be chosen carelessly. While it is tempting to coin neologisms in order to avoid  being  confused  for  someone  else,  it  is  often  possible  to retain  traditional  terms  while  cleanly  removing  their  now  ir-relevant connotations. The reason I prefer the term “object” is simply because of its roots in the tradition of phenomenology. Husserl tells us openly in the Logical Investigations that expe-rience is made of “object-giving acts,” and Heidegger’s “thing” is  an  attempt  to  modify  and  amplify  the  famous  Husserlian battle  cry  “to  the  things  themselves.”6  When speaking of “ob-jects”  in  what  follows  I  refer notonlyto  objects  as  something objectified in consciousness (though these certainly exist, and must  be  accounted  for),   but  also  to  objects  as  described  in Heidegger’s tool-analysis, incommensurable with any form of presence before the mind.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;When  I  was  invited  to  respond  to  a  talk  to  be  given  by  Gra-ham  Harman  at  a  conference  on  Speculative  Medievalisms, my first thoughts were not about Aristotle.  My first thoughts were  about  Harman’s  work  on  Bruno  Latour,   who has fa-mously claimed  that we  have  never  been  modern.  So  perhaps we are becoming medieval, I thought: circuiting back through the Enlightenment and the Renaissance to a future age where darkness is to be revalued, with speculative realism, the meas-ure.  Although  I  first  read  Latour  in  the  late  1980s  when  some few  sociologists  studying  science  and  technology  were  doing so,  Harman’s  reading  of  Latour  was  pleasantly  surprising  on two   counts.   His  positioning  of  Latour  as  a  philosophical thinker  who  is  essential  to  the  current  ontological  turn  was resonant  with  my  own  early  situating  of  Latour  not  only  in science  and  technology  studies  but  also  as  part  of  the  philo-sophical  debates  of  the  late  1980s  and  1990s  around  post-structuralism.    However,  Harman’s  Latour  offered  another pleasant surprise in that it re-oriented my thoughts about phi-losophy  and  sociality,  giving  them  a  new  direction  beyond social  construction,  discursive  construction,  psychic  or  unconscious construction,  and finally deconstruction. Harman’s Latour instead points to a rethinking of sociality that necessi-tates  an  ontological  re-booting  that  aims  to  restore  the  won-der of objects, conceive of a causality of allure, and offer a take on aesthetics. In all this a refreshing aporia is inserted between ontology and epistemology,  such that objects are allowed to be re  gardless of our consciousness of them.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;When  I  was  invited  to  respond  to  a  talk  to  be  given  by  Gra-ham  Harman  at  a  conference  on  Speculative  Medievalisms, my first thoughts were not about Aristotle.  My first thoughts were  about  Harman’s  work  on  Bruno  Latour,   who has fa-mously claimed  that we  have  never  been  modern.  So  perhaps we are becoming medieval, I thought: circuiting back through the Enlightenment and the Renaissance to a future age where darkness is to be revalued, with speculative realism, the meas-ure.  Although  I  first  read  Latour  in  the  late  1980s  when  some few  sociologists  studying  science  and  technology  were  doing so,  Harman’s  reading  of  Latour  was  pleasantly  surprising  on two   counts.   His  positioning  of  Latour  as  a  philosophical thinker  who  is  essential  to  the  current  ontological  turn  was resonant  with  my  own  early  situating  of  Latour  not  only  in science  and  technology  studies  but  also  as  part  of  the  philo-sophical  debates  of  the  late  1980s  and  1990s  around  post-structuralism.    However,  Harman’s  Latour  offered  another pleasant surprise in that it re-oriented my thoughts about phi-losophy  and  sociality,  giving  them  a  new  direction  beyond social  construction,  discursive  construction,  psychic  or  unconscious construction,  and finally deconstruction. Harman’s Latour instead points to a rethinking of sociality that necessi-tates  an  ontological  re-booting  that  aims  to  restore  the  won-der of objects, conceive of a causality of allure, and offer a take on aesthetics. In all this a refreshing aporia is inserted between ontology and epistemology,  such that objects are allowed to be re  gardless of our consciousness of them.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;I see an elision or lacuna in these proceedings, possibly signif-icant: the lack of discussion, in a conference rather inspired to speculate  objects  in  the  mirror  of  medieval  works,  of  the  me-dieval origins of the concept and word object. Is this an over-sight, a structural failure of vision to bump into what it ought to  see?  Or  is  it  a  purer  kind  of  non-event,  the  causeless  not-happening  of  something?  Sometimes  I  get  the  feeling  that what  does not  h appen  is  inexplicably  powerful,  an  abyssically negative  spontaneity  ruling  and  seducing  all  existent  things from  its  universal  invisible  domain.  The  issue  might  provide an  interesting  playground  for  thinking  the  objecthood  of  the inexistent,  of  what  is  not there.  This  is  a  good  limit-problem for  any  philosophy  wanting  to  relate  to  reality  as  constituted by how things are. It is also a question that the medieval, as a zone  where  a  saint  recommends  preaching  to  non-existent creatures,  philosophers  theorize  divine  alteration  of  the  past, and mystics see nonbeing as an excess of being, is already an-swering.But  I  prefer  not  to  go  there,  wishing  that  I  could  instead move  (or  realize  that  I  am  only  ever  moving)  like  the  guild navigator in David Lynch’s Dune: “I did not say this. I am not here.”  Instead  I  will  close  the  event  by  trying  to  open  it  into some  avenues  of  understanding  along  which  the  medieval origination  of object  might  lead  the  way.  To  find  the  start  of these avenues, imagine a generic medieval intellectual, that is, someone  infused  with  ‘the  love  of  learning  and  the  desire  for God,’  encountering  contemporary  object-orientedness.  First the  bad  news:  there  is  no  absolute  knowledge,  no  arriving  at the  omnipresent  center.  Then  the  good  news:  we  really  have figured  out  what  everything  is:  objects.  Bad  news:  objects  in-commensurably  withdraw,  remain  irreducible  to  relation,  are never knowable in themselves, so no theosis, henosis, subject-object  union,  incarnation,  soul-body  suppositum,  eternal  in-dividuals, or anything like that. Good news: it is because of the above that anything is happening at all . . . and so forth. May-be the fellow would find relief, like a good bloodletting, in the demotion  of  his  desire  from  the  desire  to  be  everything  to  a desire to be with things. Perhaps he would despair. Perhaps he would think he was in paradise, intoxicated with the idea that these  objects  are  God.  Or  perhaps  he  would  object,  discover-ing  new  truth  through  his  own  understanding  of  the  word object&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;I see an elision or lacuna in these proceedings, possibly signif-icant: the lack of discussion, in a conference rather inspired to speculate  objects  in  the  mirror  of  medieval  works,  of  the  me-dieval origins of the concept and word object. Is this an over-sight, a structural failure of vision to bump into what it ought to  see?  Or  is  it  a  purer  kind  of  non-event,  the  causeless  not-happening  of  something?  Sometimes  I  get  the  feeling  that what  does not  h appen  is  inexplicably  powerful,  an  abyssically negative  spontaneity  ruling  and  seducing  all  existent  things from  its  universal  invisible  domain.  The  issue  might  provide an  interesting  playground  for  thinking  the  objecthood  of  the inexistent,  of  what  is  not there.  This  is  a  good  limit-problem for  any  philosophy  wanting  to  relate  to  reality  as  constituted by how things are. It is also a question that the medieval, as a zone  where  a  saint  recommends  preaching  to  non-existent creatures,  philosophers  theorize  divine  alteration  of  the  past, and mystics see nonbeing as an excess of being, is already an-swering.But  I  prefer  not  to  go  there,  wishing  that  I  could  instead move  (or  realize  that  I  am  only  ever  moving)  like  the  guild navigator in David Lynch’s Dune: “I did not say this. I am not here.”  Instead  I  will  close  the  event  by  trying  to  open  it  into some  avenues  of  understanding  along  which  the  medieval origination  of object  might  lead  the  way.  To  find  the  start  of these avenues, imagine a generic medieval intellectual, that is, someone  infused  with  ‘the  love  of  learning  and  the  desire  for God,’  encountering  contemporary  object-orientedness.  First the  bad  news:  there  is  no  absolute  knowledge,  no  arriving  at the  omnipresent  center.  Then  the  good  news:  we  really  have figured  out  what  everything  is:  objects.  Bad  news:  objects  in-commensurably  withdraw,  remain  irreducible  to  relation,  are never knowable in themselves, so no theosis, henosis, subject-object  union,  incarnation,  soul-body  suppositum,  eternal  in-dividuals, or anything like that. Good news: it is because of the above that anything is happening at all . . . and so forth. May-be the fellow would find relief, like a good bloodletting, in the demotion  of  his  desire  from  the  desire  to  be  everything  to  a desire to be with things. Perhaps he would despair. Perhaps he would think he was in paradise, intoxicated with the idea that these  objects  are  God.  Or  perhaps  he  would  object,  discover-ing  new  truth  through  his  own  understanding  of  the  word object&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Speechsong is a work of imaginative musicology that addresses the engimas of Schoenberg and Gould, of singing and speaking, of Moses und Aron, of technology and being. Its point of departure is Gould’s last public performance, given at the Wilshire Ebell Theatre in Los Angeles, where a number of Schoenberg’s works were performed during his California exile. It is here, after that last performance, that Gould encounters a spectral Schoenberg in a staged conversation that explores Schoenberg’s travails in rethinking the fundamentals of Western music. This first part of Speechsong recalls Schoenberg’s operatic masterpiece, Moses und Aron, in which the divinely inspired Moses seeks the help of his brother to relate his vision: Moses speaks and Aron sings. Written as a twelve-tone composition, the opera produces an involution of harmonics that was Schoenberg’s response to Richard Wagner’s diatribes about synagogue noise. For Gould, Schoenberg’s is a formalist revolution; Schoenberg’s life, however, suggests that it was a search for personal and political freedom.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The second half of Speechsong is a critical essay in twelve “moments” that re-articulates the staged conversation as an inquiry into the intersections of music and mediation. Gould’s turn to the recording studio emerges as a post-humanist inquiry into recorded music as a repudiation of the virtuoso tradition and a liberation from unitary notions of selfhood. Schoenberg’s exodus from musical tradition likewise takes his twelve-tone invention beyond musical performance, where it emerges, along with Gould’s soundscapes, as a prototype of acoustic installations by artists such as Stephen Prina and Cory Arcangel. In these works, music abandons the concert hall and the exigencies of harmony for an acoustic space that embraces at once the recordings of Gould and the performances of Schoenberg that have found their home on the internet.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Staying Alive: A Survival Manual for the Liberal Arts fiercely defends the liberal arts in and from an age of neoliberal capital and techno-corporatization run amok, arguing that the public university’s purpose is not vocational training, but rather the cultivation of what Fradenburg calls “artfulness,” including the art of making knowledge. In addition to sustained critical and creative thinking, the humanities develop the mind’s capacities for real-time improvisational communication and interpretation, without which we can neither thrive nor survive. Humanist pedagogy and research use play, experimentation and intersubjective exchange to foster forms of artfulness critical to the future of our species. From perception to reality-testing to concept-formation and logic, the arts and humanities teach us to see, hear and respond more keenly, and to imagine, or “model,” new futures and possibilities. Innovation of all kinds, technological or artistic, depends on the enhancement of the skills proper to staying alive&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Jody Cohen and Anne Dalke construe “classrooms” as testing grounds, paradoxically boxed-in spaces that cannot keep their promise to enclose, categorize, or name. Exploring what is usually left out can create conditions ripe for breaking through, where real and abstract reverse and melt, the distinction between them disappearing. These are ecotones, transitional spaces that are testing grounds, places of danger and opportunity.In college classrooms, an urban high school, a public library, a playground, and a women’s prison, Anne and Jody share scenes where teaching and learning take them by surprise; these are moments of uncertainty, sometimes constructed as failure. Digging into and exploding such moments reveals that they might be results of institutional pressures, socioeconomic and other diversities not acknowledged but operating and entangling individuals and ideas. Classrooms are sometimes “stolen” by the complex systems surrounding and permeating the activities that take place there; Jody and Anne explore ways to steal them back. Examining what is hidden but present in such moments can turn them into breakthroughs, powerful learning for educators and students—revealing how failure itself might not be what it seems.Moving back and forth between micro and macro in a continual interplay across individuals, groups, and institutions, and organizing their experiences and philosophies of teaching under the rubrics of Playing, Haunting, Silencing, Unbecoming, Leaking, Befriending, Slipping, and Reassembling, Anne and Jody try out alternative tales, exploring a pedagogical orientation that is ecological in the largest sense, engaging teachers and students in re-thinking learning and teaching in classrooms, and in their larger lives, as complex, enmeshed, volatile eco-systems.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Jody Cohen and Anne Dalke construe “classrooms” as testing grounds, paradoxically boxed-in spaces that cannot keep their promise to enclose, categorize, or name. Exploring what is usually left out can create conditions ripe for breaking through, where real and abstract reverse and melt, the distinction between them disappearing. These are ecotones, transitional spaces that are testing grounds, places of danger and opportunity.In college classrooms, an urban high school, a public library, a playground, and a women’s prison, Anne and Jody share scenes where teaching and learning take them by surprise; these are moments of uncertainty, sometimes constructed as failure. Digging into and exploding such moments reveals that they might be results of institutional pressures, socioeconomic and other diversities not acknowledged but operating and entangling individuals and ideas. Classrooms are sometimes “stolen” by the complex systems surrounding and permeating the activities that take place there; Jody and Anne explore ways to steal them back. Examining what is hidden but present in such moments can turn them into breakthroughs, powerful learning for educators and students—revealing how failure itself might not be what it seems.Moving back and forth between micro and macro in a continual interplay across individuals, groups, and institutions, and organizing their experiences and philosophies of teaching under the rubrics of Playing, Haunting, Silencing, Unbecoming, Leaking, Befriending, Slipping, and Reassembling, Anne and Jody try out alternative tales, exploring a pedagogical orientation that is ecological in the largest sense, engaging teachers and students in re-thinking learning and teaching in classrooms, and in their larger lives, as complex, enmeshed, volatile eco-systems.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;There is indeed a "miracle" in the 1970 film Wanda. This film has survived, despite decades of neglect, to emerge into the fuliginous light of an era that may just be ready to strain at grasping its harsh and brutal truths -- truths that reveal the imbrication of the psychic in the social and the experiential in political structures. Barbara Loden's film dares to suggest that the social and ethical functions of art should not necessarily be redemptive – that salvation is a cheap and spurious form of consolation that few can afford in this world. This film, made by a woman who knew all too well what it means to be defined through and by her material circumstances (and her relationships to men), and that is so relentlessly ferocious in its refusal to assuage and comfort the viewer, has always been a form of future feminism. Wanda does not brook the comforts of positivity, of aspiration, or even the luxury of selfhood.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This film, Still Life contends, is so radical in its feminist-anti-capitalist politics of refusal that we are still struggling to keep up with it. It delineates precisely how the personal is political and why this matters now more than ever. Wanda, a film about a woman who refuses to be saved or to save herself, who lacks the means and energy to alter anything in her life, who lives in a permanent state of blockage, impasse and failure is, as this publication suggests, the film of our contemporary moment.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;There is indeed a "miracle" in the 1970 film Wanda. This film has survived, despite decades of neglect, to emerge into the fuliginous light of an era that may just be ready to strain at grasping its harsh and brutal truths -- truths that reveal the imbrication of the psychic in the social and the experiential in political structures. Barbara Loden's film dares to suggest that the social and ethical functions of art should not necessarily be redemptive – that salvation is a cheap and spurious form of consolation that few can afford in this world. This film, made by a woman who knew all too well what it means to be defined through and by her material circumstances (and her relationships to men), and that is so relentlessly ferocious in its refusal to assuage and comfort the viewer, has always been a form of future feminism. Wanda does not brook the comforts of positivity, of aspiration, or even the luxury of selfhood.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This film, Still Life contends, is so radical in its feminist-anti-capitalist politics of refusal that we are still struggling to keep up with it. It delineates precisely how the personal is political and why this matters now more than ever. Wanda, a film about a woman who refuses to be saved or to save herself, who lacks the means and energy to alter anything in her life, who lives in a permanent state of blockage, impasse and failure is, as this publication suggests, the film of our contemporary moment.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;There is indeed a "miracle" in the 1970 film Wanda. This film has survived, despite decades of neglect, to emerge into the fuliginous light of an era that may just be ready to strain at grasping its harsh and brutal truths -- truths that reveal the imbrication of the psychic in the social and the experiential in political structures. Barbara Loden's film dares to suggest that the social and ethical functions of art should not necessarily be redemptive – that salvation is a cheap and spurious form of consolation that few can afford in this world. This film, made by a woman who knew all too well what it means to be defined through and by her material circumstances (and her relationships to men), and that is so relentlessly ferocious in its refusal to assuage and comfort the viewer, has always been a form of future feminism. Wanda does not brook the comforts of positivity, of aspiration, or even the luxury of selfhood.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This film, Still Life contends, is so radical in its feminist-anti-capitalist politics of refusal that we are still struggling to keep up with it. It delineates precisely how the personal is political and why this matters now more than ever. Wanda, a film about a woman who refuses to be saved or to save herself, who lacks the means and energy to alter anything in her life, who lives in a permanent state of blockage, impasse and failure is, as this publication suggests, the film of our contemporary moment.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The work of L.O. Aranye Fradenburg, especially her psychoanalytic criticism of Chaucer, and her formulations of discontinuist historical approaches to the Middle Ages, has been extremely influential within medieval studies for the past 20 or so years. More recently she has been focusing on more broad defenses of the humanities, especially with regard to the valuable role of literary studies relative to the arts of everyday living, eudaimonia [flourishing], ethical community, and well-being, and also on psychoanalysis itself as a “liberal art.” Relationality, intersubjectivity, aliveness, resilience, care of the self and also of others, adaptive flexibility, playfulness, shared attention, companionship, healing, and thriving seem, increasingly, to be the key watchwords and concerns of Fradenburg’s work, and at the same time, the so-called “literary” mode is still central to these concerns, such that, as Fradenburg has written, “Interpretation and relationality depend on one another because all relationships are unending processes of interpretation and expression, listening and signifying. In turn, sentience assists relationality: we can’t thrive and probably can’t survive without minds open to possibility, capable of sensing and interpreting the tiniest shifts in, e.g., pitch and tone.”&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This small volume features short essays and personal reflections on the importance of Fradenburg’s career, as teacher and scholar, and also on the valuable role(s) that her work, and medieval studies more generally, has played and might still play in the defense of the humanities as essential to living and thriving.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The work of L.O. Aranye Fradenburg, especially her psychoanalytic criticism of Chaucer, and her formulations of discontinuist historical approaches to the Middle Ages, has been extremely influential within medieval studies for the past 20 or so years. More recently she has been focusing on more broad defenses of the humanities, especially with regard to the valuable role of literary studies relative to the arts of everyday living, eudaimonia [flourishing], ethical community, and well-being, and also on psychoanalysis itself as a “liberal art.” Relationality, intersubjectivity, aliveness, resilience, care of the self and also of others, adaptive flexibility, playfulness, shared attention, companionship, healing, and thriving seem, increasingly, to be the key watchwords and concerns of Fradenburg’s work, and at the same time, the so-called “literary” mode is still central to these concerns, such that, as Fradenburg has written, “Interpretation and relationality depend on one another because all relationships are unending processes of interpretation and expression, listening and signifying. In turn, sentience assists relationality: we can’t thrive and probably can’t survive without minds open to possibility, capable of sensing and interpreting the tiniest shifts in, e.g., pitch and tone.”&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This small volume features short essays and personal reflections on the importance of Fradenburg’s career, as teacher and scholar, and also on the valuable role(s) that her work, and medieval studies more generally, has played and might still play in the defense of the humanities as essential to living and thriving.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The work of L.O. Aranye Fradenburg, especially her psychoanalytic criticism of Chaucer, and her formulations of discontinuist historical approaches to the Middle Ages, has been extremely influential within medieval studies for the past 20 or so years. More recently she has been focusing on more broad defenses of the humanities, especially with regard to the valuable role of literary studies relative to the arts of everyday living, eudaimonia [flourishing], ethical community, and well-being, and also on psychoanalysis itself as a “liberal art.” Relationality, intersubjectivity, aliveness, resilience, care of the self and also of others, adaptive flexibility, playfulness, shared attention, companionship, healing, and thriving seem, increasingly, to be the key watchwords and concerns of Fradenburg’s work, and at the same time, the so-called “literary” mode is still central to these concerns, such that, as Fradenburg has written, “Interpretation and relationality depend on one another because all relationships are unending processes of interpretation and expression, listening and signifying. In turn, sentience assists relationality: we can’t thrive and probably can’t survive without minds open to possibility, capable of sensing and interpreting the tiniest shifts in, e.g., pitch and tone.”&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This small volume features short essays and personal reflections on the importance of Fradenburg’s career, as teacher and scholar, and also on the valuable role(s) that her work, and medieval studies more generally, has played and might still play in the defense of the humanities as essential to living and thriving.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The work of L.O. Aranye Fradenburg, especially her psychoanalytic criticism of Chaucer, and her formulations of discontinuist historical approaches to the Middle Ages, has been extremely influential within medieval studies for the past 20 or so years. More recently she has been focusing on more broad defenses of the humanities, especially with regard to the valuable role of literary studies relative to the arts of everyday living, eudaimonia [flourishing], ethical community, and well-being, and also on psychoanalysis itself as a “liberal art.” Relationality, intersubjectivity, aliveness, resilience, care of the self and also of others, adaptive flexibility, playfulness, shared attention, companionship, healing, and thriving seem, increasingly, to be the key watchwords and concerns of Fradenburg’s work, and at the same time, the so-called “literary” mode is still central to these concerns, such that, as Fradenburg has written, “Interpretation and relationality depend on one another because all relationships are unending processes of interpretation and expression, listening and signifying. In turn, sentience assists relationality: we can’t thrive and probably can’t survive without minds open to possibility, capable of sensing and interpreting the tiniest shifts in, e.g., pitch and tone.”&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This small volume features short essays and personal reflections on the importance of Fradenburg’s career, as teacher and scholar, and also on the valuable role(s) that her work, and medieval studies more generally, has played and might still play in the defense of the humanities as essential to living and thriving.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The landscape of trauma is scattered with ghosts. Wolves hunkering in the shadows. Memory’s spectral persistence and evasion. Leaky bodies and selves gathered up in the storm of pain. Genders imposed and genders made. History’s cruel excisions, scars, the spillage of wounds. A landscape in which we are nevertheless called to build home. Here, “storytelling is a kind of suturing.”&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Combining memoir, lyrical essay, and cultural criticism, KJ Cerankowski's Suture: Trauma and Trans Becoming stitches together an embodied history of trauma and its ongoing impacts on the lived realities of trans, queer, and other marginalized subjects. Suture is a conjuration, a patchwork knitting of ghost stories attending to the wound as its own archive. It is a journey through many “transitions”: of gender; through illness and chronic pain; from childhood to adulthood and back again; of psyche and form in the wake of abuse and through the work of healing; and of the self, becoming in and through the ongoingness of settler colonial violence and its attendant subjugations of diverse forms of life.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Refusing a traditional binary-based gender transition narrative, as well as dominant psychoanalytic narratives of trauma that center an individual process of symptom, diagnosis, and cure, Suture explores the refractive nature of trauma’s dispersed roots and lingering effects. If the wounds of trauma are disquiet apparitions—repetitions within the cut—these stories tend the seams through which the simultaneous loneliness of mourning and togetherness of queer intersubjective relations converge. Across these essays, healing, and indeed living, is a state of perpetual becoming, surviving, and loving, in the nonlinearities of trauma time, body-time, and queer time.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In an epoch driven by hyper-consumption and marvelously destructive futility, and in the context of a hegemonic utilitarianism where one goes to university to work rather than to “develop a meaningful philosophy of life,” the concept of the useful is perhaps one most in need of interrogation. Taunting the Useful seeks to unsettle notions of usefulness and uselessness, not merely by deconstructing these terms, but by sidetracking them. It doesn’t reverse things by saying that what is useless is useful. Rather, taunting is teasing, heckling, tickling, scratching the useful.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;By elaborating a notion of the “virtual useless,” Taunting the Useful seeks to tease the dimensions of wonder, use, and play, through modalities, contingencies, and potentialities of the useless-useful. An experimental book, it (un)does what it tells, and is as much an object taunting and taunted as it is a description of taunting the useful. Includes bonus chapters!&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The Angels Won’t Help You is a book about the uniqueness and primacy of help, particularly in relation to care, love, and caritas. It relies heavily on psychoanalytic and philosophical accounts of help and care and finds that help requires the establishment of a real relationship between persons, where help is given and received in a transitional space that is collapsed by care, unity, or love, which are mental constellations that, while profound, remain within the individuals involved. It contains reflections, memoir, and prose poetry, with an emphasis on psycho-philosophical examinations of help.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In trying to understand help, especially in the ways that it is not a synonym for care, Bowker turns to diverse sources and topics, including treatments of children in a helpless world, as featured in the literature of Kathy Acker and Jerzy Kosiński, a first-person account of help in psychiatric hospitals, an analysis of the phenomenon of Japanese hikikomori (“shutting oneself in”), anxiety and helplessness, an exploration of the nature of help and helplessness in Wilfred Bion’s “Attacks on Linking,” a rethinking of trauma in light of the circuital structure of the self, and more.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;italic&gt;*&lt;/italic&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Put differently, The Angels Won’t Help You is a cruel helpless hopeless book raised in Texas roped ridden waddled clowned it developed catastrophic methods of coping. Angels’ mama split her tongue and hissed her words like silent / soldier / crisis in the torment of her sunken trailer in the summer where Angels practiced lighting cigarettes with her eyes fetching fireflies making tinctures of dead tissue becoming extraordinarily promiscuous. Angels’ nature was to hide in dark places to ride with abandon to sink in the spurs to gnash silver teeth to kick up tipped boots ruining every square dance. Angels, you make me need like a choke rope dream of being sick from head to foot. You are the petaled froth on every steep lapel. You are original and dilapidated depilatory and inflationary ovulary and delusional. O Angels, the scholars will say I failed to know you address you presage you protect you protest you, but we know the truth.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The Angels Won’t Help You is a book about the uniqueness and primacy of help, particularly in relation to care, love, and caritas. It relies heavily on psychoanalytic and philosophical accounts of help and care and finds that help requires the establishment of a real relationship between persons, where help is given and received in a transitional space that is collapsed by care, unity, or love, which are mental constellations that, while profound, remain within the individuals involved. It contains reflections, memoir, and prose poetry, with an emphasis on psycho-philosophical examinations of help.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In trying to understand help, especially in the ways that it is not a synonym for care, Bowker turns to diverse sources and topics, including treatments of children in a helpless world, as featured in the literature of Kathy Acker and Jerzy Kosiński, a first-person account of help in psychiatric hospitals, an analysis of the phenomenon of Japanese hikikomori (“shutting oneself in”), anxiety and helplessness, an exploration of the nature of help and helplessness in Wilfred Bion’s “Attacks on Linking,” a rethinking of trauma in light of the circuital structure of the self, and more.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;italic&gt;*&lt;/italic&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Put differently, The Angels Won’t Help You is a cruel helpless hopeless book raised in Texas roped ridden waddled clowned it developed catastrophic methods of coping. Angels’ mama split her tongue and hissed her words like silent / soldier / crisis in the torment of her sunken trailer in the summer where Angels practiced lighting cigarettes with her eyes fetching fireflies making tinctures of dead tissue becoming extraordinarily promiscuous. Angels’ nature was to hide in dark places to ride with abandon to sink in the spurs to gnash silver teeth to kick up tipped boots ruining every square dance. Angels, you make me need like a choke rope dream of being sick from head to foot. You are the petaled froth on every steep lapel. You are original and dilapidated depilatory and inflationary ovulary and delusional. O Angels, the scholars will say I failed to know you address you presage you protect you protest you, but we know the truth.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The Angels Won’t Help You is a book about the uniqueness and primacy of help, particularly in relation to care, love, and caritas. It relies heavily on psychoanalytic and philosophical accounts of help and care and finds that help requires the establishment of a real relationship between persons, where help is given and received in a transitional space that is collapsed by care, unity, or love, which are mental constellations that, while profound, remain within the individuals involved. It contains reflections, memoir, and prose poetry, with an emphasis on psycho-philosophical examinations of help.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In trying to understand help, especially in the ways that it is not a synonym for care, Bowker turns to diverse sources and topics, including treatments of children in a helpless world, as featured in the literature of Kathy Acker and Jerzy Kosiński, a first-person account of help in psychiatric hospitals, an analysis of the phenomenon of Japanese hikikomori (“shutting oneself in”), anxiety and helplessness, an exploration of the nature of help and helplessness in Wilfred Bion’s “Attacks on Linking,” a rethinking of trauma in light of the circuital structure of the self, and more.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;italic&gt;*&lt;/italic&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Put differently, The Angels Won’t Help You is a cruel helpless hopeless book raised in Texas roped ridden waddled clowned it developed catastrophic methods of coping. Angels’ mama split her tongue and hissed her words like silent / soldier / crisis in the torment of her sunken trailer in the summer where Angels practiced lighting cigarettes with her eyes fetching fireflies making tinctures of dead tissue becoming extraordinarily promiscuous. Angels’ nature was to hide in dark places to ride with abandon to sink in the spurs to gnash silver teeth to kick up tipped boots ruining every square dance. Angels, you make me need like a choke rope dream of being sick from head to foot. You are the petaled froth on every steep lapel. You are original and dilapidated depilatory and inflationary ovulary and delusional. O Angels, the scholars will say I failed to know you address you presage you protect you protest you, but we know the truth.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The Angels Won’t Help You is a book about the uniqueness and primacy of help, particularly in relation to care, love, and caritas. It relies heavily on psychoanalytic and philosophical accounts of help and care and finds that help requires the establishment of a real relationship between persons, where help is given and received in a transitional space that is collapsed by care, unity, or love, which are mental constellations that, while profound, remain within the individuals involved. It contains reflections, memoir, and prose poetry, with an emphasis on psycho-philosophical examinations of help.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In trying to understand help, especially in the ways that it is not a synonym for care, Bowker turns to diverse sources and topics, including treatments of children in a helpless world, as featured in the literature of Kathy Acker and Jerzy Kosiński, a first-person account of help in psychiatric hospitals, an analysis of the phenomenon of Japanese hikikomori (“shutting oneself in”), anxiety and helplessness, an exploration of the nature of help and helplessness in Wilfred Bion’s “Attacks on Linking,” a rethinking of trauma in light of the circuital structure of the self, and more.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;italic&gt;*&lt;/italic&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Put differently, The Angels Won’t Help You is a cruel helpless hopeless book raised in Texas roped ridden waddled clowned it developed catastrophic methods of coping. Angels’ mama split her tongue and hissed her words like silent / soldier / crisis in the torment of her sunken trailer in the summer where Angels practiced lighting cigarettes with her eyes fetching fireflies making tinctures of dead tissue becoming extraordinarily promiscuous. Angels’ nature was to hide in dark places to ride with abandon to sink in the spurs to gnash silver teeth to kick up tipped boots ruining every square dance. Angels, you make me need like a choke rope dream of being sick from head to foot. You are the petaled froth on every steep lapel. You are original and dilapidated depilatory and inflationary ovulary and delusional. O Angels, the scholars will say I failed to know you address you presage you protect you protest you, but we know the truth.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In The Anguished and the Enchanted, M.H. Bowker offers a lengthy critical essay and richly annotated English translation of a lost Finnish translation of Antoine de Saint-Exupéry’s The Little Prince. Featuring a substantial Translator’s Preface, M.H. Bowker develops a psychoanalytic lens through which to regard Saint-Exupéry’s classic work, offering a more nuanced and less "fable-esque" text than any translation and interpretation to date.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;On Bowker’s reading, dark and primitive unconscious forces — including neglect and abuse at home, the hatred of maturation and development, the projection of feelings of worthlessness onto others, the creation of an absurd and futile world, and more — infest the story, not unlike the Baobab trees dreaded by the little prince.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Those already familiar with The Little Prince will find in The Anguished and the Enchanted a new way of regarding what has perhaps become a favorite or even a beloved book. Those unfamiliar with the original work will discover a sometimes tragic, sometimes sympathetic, sometimes harrowing account of the lengths to which persons will go in their struggle to find — or to escape from — meaningful places for themselves in the world of adults.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In The Anguished and the Enchanted, M.H. Bowker offers a lengthy critical essay and richly annotated English translation of a lost Finnish translation of Antoine de Saint-Exupéry’s The Little Prince. Featuring a substantial Translator’s Preface, M.H. Bowker develops a psychoanalytic lens through which to regard Saint-Exupéry’s classic work, offering a more nuanced and less "fable-esque" text than any translation and interpretation to date.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;On Bowker’s reading, dark and primitive unconscious forces — including neglect and abuse at home, the hatred of maturation and development, the projection of feelings of worthlessness onto others, the creation of an absurd and futile world, and more — infest the story, not unlike the Baobab trees dreaded by the little prince.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Those already familiar with The Little Prince will find in The Anguished and the Enchanted a new way of regarding what has perhaps become a favorite or even a beloved book. Those unfamiliar with the original work will discover a sometimes tragic, sometimes sympathetic, sometimes harrowing account of the lengths to which persons will go in their struggle to find — or to escape from — meaningful places for themselves in the world of adults.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <SubjectHeadingText>imaginary literature; Jorge Luis Borges; literary studies; literary criticism; philosophy; labyrinths; Babel</SubjectHeadingText>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Why should there only be literary scholarship about authors who actually lived, and texts which exist? Where are the articles on Enoch Campion, Linus Withold, Redondo Panza, Darshan Singh, or Heidi B. Morton? That none of these are real authors should be no impediment to interpreting their invented writings. In the first collection of its kind, The Anthology of Babel publishes academic articles by scholars on authors, books, and movements that are completely invented. Blurring the lines between scholarship and creative writing, The Anthology of Babel inaugurates a completely new literary genre perfectly attuned to the era we live in, a project evocative of Jorge Luis Borges, Umberto Eco, and Italo Calvino.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Why should there only be literary scholarship about authors who actually lived, and texts which exist? Where are the articles on Enoch Campion, Linus Withold, Redondo Panza, Darshan Singh, or Heidi B. Morton? That none of these are real authors should be no impediment to interpreting their invented writings. In the first collection of its kind, The Anthology of Babel publishes academic articles by scholars on authors, books, and movements that are completely invented. Blurring the lines between scholarship and creative writing, The Anthology of Babel inaugurates a completely new literary genre perfectly attuned to the era we live in, a project evocative of Jorge Luis Borges, Umberto Eco, and Italo Calvino.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The Art of Compilation: Manuscripts and Networks in the Early Medieval Latin West interrogates the medieval manuscript book as a dynamic, constantly changing object entangled in intellectual and cultural networks, constructed and deconstructed by different people, and transmuting in form and meaning over time. Medieval manuscripts are not static, permanently bound, and delimited, but rather serve as evidence for the layered relationships between texts and their material supports, and when we realize that, we gain a clearer view of medieval manuscript culture as driven by the agency and intellectual exchange of the people behind it. This volume of essays investigates early medieval Western European manuscript culture as a field of entangled objects, focusing on the connections between knowledge selection, material representation, and scribal agency.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The complex road of compiling selected texts into manuscripts (compilatio) in the early Middle Ages is still not well understood, yet it is the key to the historical context surrounding medieval manuscript culture. The practice of knowledge selection consisted of three key stages: the intellectual selection of the textual content of manuscript collections; the pragmatic action of arranging the textual content in a draft form by authors or editors; and the material representation and aesthetic exposition of texts in manuscripts. These stages were part of a linear development, but also exercised reciprocal influence upon one another. By tracing this process in surviving manuscript collections, we can better understand in what practical ways knowledge was encoded and how these often innovative and experimental practices contributed to the emergence and consolidation of intellectual and scribal traditions. This has important implications for how we understand education, reform, and the exercise of power in the early Middle Ages.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The Art of Compilation: Manuscripts and Networks in the Early Medieval Latin West interrogates the medieval manuscript book as a dynamic, constantly changing object entangled in intellectual and cultural networks, constructed and deconstructed by different people, and transmuting in form and meaning over time. Medieval manuscripts are not static, permanently bound, and delimited, but rather serve as evidence for the layered relationships between texts and their material supports, and when we realize that, we gain a clearer view of medieval manuscript culture as driven by the agency and intellectual exchange of the people behind it. This volume of essays investigates early medieval Western European manuscript culture as a field of entangled objects, focusing on the connections between knowledge selection, material representation, and scribal agency.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The complex road of compiling selected texts into manuscripts (compilatio) in the early Middle Ages is still not well understood, yet it is the key to the historical context surrounding medieval manuscript culture. The practice of knowledge selection consisted of three key stages: the intellectual selection of the textual content of manuscript collections; the pragmatic action of arranging the textual content in a draft form by authors or editors; and the material representation and aesthetic exposition of texts in manuscripts. These stages were part of a linear development, but also exercised reciprocal influence upon one another. By tracing this process in surviving manuscript collections, we can better understand in what practical ways knowledge was encoded and how these often innovative and experimental practices contributed to the emergence and consolidation of intellectual and scribal traditions. This has important implications for how we understand education, reform, and the exercise of power in the early Middle Ages.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The Art of Compilation: Manuscripts and Networks in the Early Medieval Latin West interrogates the medieval manuscript book as a dynamic, constantly changing object entangled in intellectual and cultural networks, constructed and deconstructed by different people, and transmuting in form and meaning over time. Medieval manuscripts are not static, permanently bound, and delimited, but rather serve as evidence for the layered relationships between texts and their material supports, and when we realize that, we gain a clearer view of medieval manuscript culture as driven by the agency and intellectual exchange of the people behind it. This volume of essays investigates early medieval Western European manuscript culture as a field of entangled objects, focusing on the connections between knowledge selection, material representation, and scribal agency.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The complex road of compiling selected texts into manuscripts (compilatio) in the early Middle Ages is still not well understood, yet it is the key to the historical context surrounding medieval manuscript culture. The practice of knowledge selection consisted of three key stages: the intellectual selection of the textual content of manuscript collections; the pragmatic action of arranging the textual content in a draft form by authors or editors; and the material representation and aesthetic exposition of texts in manuscripts. These stages were part of a linear development, but also exercised reciprocal influence upon one another. By tracing this process in surviving manuscript collections, we can better understand in what practical ways knowledge was encoded and how these often innovative and experimental practices contributed to the emergence and consolidation of intellectual and scribal traditions. This has important implications for how we understand education, reform, and the exercise of power in the early Middle Ages.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The Art of Compilation: Manuscripts and Networks in the Early Medieval Latin West interrogates the medieval manuscript book as a dynamic, constantly changing object entangled in intellectual and cultural networks, constructed and deconstructed by different people, and transmuting in form and meaning over time. Medieval manuscripts are not static, permanently bound, and delimited, but rather serve as evidence for the layered relationships between texts and their material supports, and when we realize that, we gain a clearer view of medieval manuscript culture as driven by the agency and intellectual exchange of the people behind it. This volume of essays investigates early medieval Western European manuscript culture as a field of entangled objects, focusing on the connections between knowledge selection, material representation, and scribal agency.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The complex road of compiling selected texts into manuscripts (compilatio) in the early Middle Ages is still not well understood, yet it is the key to the historical context surrounding medieval manuscript culture. The practice of knowledge selection consisted of three key stages: the intellectual selection of the textual content of manuscript collections; the pragmatic action of arranging the textual content in a draft form by authors or editors; and the material representation and aesthetic exposition of texts in manuscripts. These stages were part of a linear development, but also exercised reciprocal influence upon one another. By tracing this process in surviving manuscript collections, we can better understand in what practical ways knowledge was encoded and how these often innovative and experimental practices contributed to the emergence and consolidation of intellectual and scribal traditions. This has important implications for how we understand education, reform, and the exercise of power in the early Middle Ages.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Michael J. Kelly is a historian and Fulbright scholar working at the intersection of the abstract and the real, past and history. At Binghamton University (SUNY), he lectures on history, theology, and blockchain studies and runs a lab attempting to “math the past.” Kelly is the co-editor of the Visigothic Symposia and Gracchi Books, and his publications include Isidore of Seville and the “Liber Iudiciorum”: The Struggle for the Past in the Visigothic Kingdom (Brill, 2021) and the volume Theories of History: History Read Across the Humanities (Bloomsbury, 2018). He is currently writing a monograph on the concepts of “human nature” and “value” in Visigothic Hispania.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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            <TitleText language="eng">"Historische Ordnung" or Just a Mess?</TitleText>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Michael Eber is a post-doctoral researcher at Universität zu Köln. His PhD dissertation, written at Freie Universität Berlin and published in 2023, analyzed the reception of the Three Chapters Controversy in Merovingian Gaul through the lens of canon law manuscripts. He has also worked on Late Antique definitions of heresy, Merovingian saints’ lives, and Carolingian canonesses.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Carolingian Collections of Gregory the Great’s Letters and the So-Called "Collectio Pauli"</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Lucia Castaldi</PersonName>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Lucia Castaldi is Professor of Medieval and Renaissance Latin Literature at the University of Udine. She researches philology, manuscript transmission, and Pope Gregory the Great and his hagiographies (principally the one written by John the Deacon in the ninth century). She is director of the research project Mediaeval Latin Texts and Their Transmission (Te.Tra) and member of the scientific committee of the Edizione Nazionale dei Testi Mediolatini d’Italia (ENTMI).&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Laura Pani is Professor of Latin Paleography at the University of Udine. Her research is focused on the history of Latin handwriting in the Middle Ages and on manuscript traditions, particularly involving Paul the Deacon’s Historia Langobardorum but also Carolingian manuscripts and writing centers. She also works on late medieval cursive handwriting and the edition of documentary sources. She is editor-in-chief of Scrineum Rivista.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Creating the Past in the Carolingian Book of Virgil</TitleText>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Sinéad O’Sullivan specializes in the reception of classical, biblical, and late antique texts in the early Middle Ages. Her main focus is on early medieval glosses and their reception. Currently she is investigating glosses for insight into crafting knowledge in the Carolingian age, focusing on annotations on Virgil and the Psalms.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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            <TitleText language="eng">The Materiality of Innovation</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Formats and Dimensions of the "Etymologiae" of Isidore of Seville in the Early Middle Ages</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Evina Stein</PersonName>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Evina Stein is an independent manuscript researcher based in Beirut, Lebanon. She is a trained Latin philologist and manuscript specialist working with early medieval manuscripts. She was a VENI postdoctoral researcher at the Huygens Institute for the History of the Netherlands, an institute of the Dutch Royal Academy of Arts and Sciences in Amsterdam, from 2018 to 2021. Her recent work includes a monograph on the use of annotation symbols in Late Antiquity and the early Middle Ages, a database of manuscripts of the Etymologies of Isidore of Seville, and a digital edition of glosses to this work.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Commented Editions of the Bible in Carolingian Europe</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Otfrid’s Approach to the Book of Isaiah</Subtitle>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Cinzia Grifoni is a senior postdoctoral researcher at the Institute for Medieval Research of the Austrian Academy of Sciences in Vienna. She is currently leading the project “Margins at the Centre” in the framework of the Elise Richter Excellence Programme (FWF project number V811-G). Her research focuses on the study of the Trivium and the Bible, intellectual networks, and knowledge exchange and annotation practices in Carolingian Europe. A classical philologist by training, she specialized in medieval Latin for her doctoral thesis.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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            <TitleText language="eng">"Rechtsblöcke," Scribes, and Layout Strategies in a Ninth-Century Legal Collection</TitleText>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Thom Gobbitt is a medievalist whose research stands at the overlap of the history of the book, the history of early medieval law from the late sixth to early thirteenth centuries, medievalism, narratology, and ludology. He has been a postdoctoral researcher at the Austrian Academy of the Sciences, Vienna on various projects since 2012, and is currently the historian for the European Research Council’s PresentDead project. His own research to date focuses on the production and use of law-books containing the Lombard laws and related collections of Frankish and Saxon capitularies, and he is currently preparing an edited volume focusing on the representation of the medieval past in tabletop games.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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            <TitleText language="eng">"Sammelhandschriften" and the "Breuiarium librorum" in Sankt Gallen 728</TitleText>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Sharing Alphabets</TitleText>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Elizabeth P. Archibald is Teaching Associate Professor of History and Director of the Medieval and Renaissance Studies Program at the University of Pittsburgh. She is a specialist in the cultural and intellectual history of medieval Europe and the author of the book Ask the Past: Pertinent and Impertinent Advice from Yesteryear (Hachette Books, 2015).&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Hi. Are you a Lone Medievalist?This  volume  is  a  sequel,  of  sorts,  to  an  ongoing  series  of  round  tables  at  the  International  Congress  on  Medieval  Stud-ies held at Western Michigan University, beginning in 2015. The impetus  for  those  sessions,  and  for  this  book,  is  the  sense  of  isolation many medieval scholars feel in their professional lives. Often the only scholar of the period in their departments, their universities, or their surrounding area, medievalists can find it challenging to advocate for their work and field. The problem is only more pronounced for the medievalist in an adjunct teach-ing position or without an institutional position at all. When we work alone among colleagues, teach mostly (or entirely) outside our specializations, and compete with “more easily” understood or well-funded research, it is easy to feel disconnected from the larger discipline of medieval studies. Our scholarly production slows or ceases. Our language skills atrophy. Our knowledge os-sifies. Soon, even attending a conference of fellow medievalists can feel isolating. Surrounded by scholars with greater institu-tional  support,  lower  teaching  loads,  or  more  robust  research  agendas,  we  may  feel  alienated  from  the  field  we  love  —  the  work to which we’ve dedicated our careers.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Hi. Are you a Lone Medievalist?This  volume  is  a  sequel,  of  sorts,  to  an  ongoing  series  of  round  tables  at  the  International  Congress  on  Medieval  Stud-ies held at Western Michigan University, beginning in 2015. The impetus  for  those  sessions,  and  for  this  book,  is  the  sense  of  isolation many medieval scholars feel in their professional lives. Often the only scholar of the period in their departments, their universities, or their surrounding area, medievalists can find it challenging to advocate for their work and field. The problem is only more pronounced for the medievalist in an adjunct teach-ing position or without an institutional position at all. When we work alone among colleagues, teach mostly (or entirely) outside our specializations, and compete with “more easily” understood or well-funded research, it is easy to feel disconnected from the larger discipline of medieval studies. Our scholarly production slows or ceases. Our language skills atrophy. Our knowledge os-sifies. Soon, even attending a conference of fellow medievalists can feel isolating. Surrounded by scholars with greater institu-tional  support,  lower  teaching  loads,  or  more  robust  research  agendas,  we  may  feel  alienated  from  the  field  we  love  —  the  work to which we’ve dedicated our careers.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;When  we  first  attended  the  International  Congress  for  Medi-eval Studies in 2013, we had just begun to dip our toes into the expansive world of Medieval Studies. When we returned home we were so inspired that we both began extensively studying the Middle  Ages  and  founded  the  Bemidji  State  University  Medi-eval Club. Within months we had a solid community of medi-evalists and we felt at home. In 2015 at the 50th Annual Interna-tional  Congress  for  Medieval  Studies,  we  attended  the  “Ballad  of  the  Lone  Medievalist”  panel  hosted  by  Dr.  Kisha  Tracy  of  Fitchburg State University and Dr. John Sexton of Bridgewater State University. We were astonished by how many medievalists felt alone at their universities. Didn’t everyone have a colleague who  studied  medieval  scholarship  on  their  campus?  The  sur-prising answer was no. It was our understanding that the Lone Medievalist project, founded by Dr. Tracy and Dr. Sexton, began with the intent of creating a series of panels and publications to connect medievalists from around the world. We recognized the Lone Medievalist project’s need for a more substantial commu-nity  outside  of  the  short  amount  of  time  allotted  them  at  con-ferences. We thought a good basis would be to create a virtual community  that  emulated  what  we  felt  on  our  home  campus.  Sarah  then  suggested  an  online  hub  which  would  allow  medi-eval scholars to join together, share in discussion, trade syllabi, and connect for conferences. The next thing we knew we were having lunch with Dr. Tracy and Dr. Sexton and were exploring the idea further. We left our meeting with the go-ahead to get a website up and running for The Lone Medievalist.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;When  we  first  attended  the  International  Congress  for  Medi-eval Studies in 2013, we had just begun to dip our toes into the expansive world of Medieval Studies. When we returned home we were so inspired that we both began extensively studying the Middle  Ages  and  founded  the  Bemidji  State  University  Medi-eval Club. Within months we had a solid community of medi-evalists and we felt at home. In 2015 at the 50th Annual Interna-tional  Congress  for  Medieval  Studies,  we  attended  the  “Ballad  of  the  Lone  Medievalist”  panel  hosted  by  Dr.  Kisha  Tracy  of  Fitchburg State University and Dr. John Sexton of Bridgewater State University. We were astonished by how many medievalists felt alone at their universities. Didn’t everyone have a colleague who  studied  medieval  scholarship  on  their  campus?  The  sur-prising answer was no. It was our understanding that the Lone Medievalist project, founded by Dr. Tracy and Dr. Sexton, began with the intent of creating a series of panels and publications to connect medievalists from around the world. We recognized the Lone Medievalist project’s need for a more substantial commu-nity  outside  of  the  short  amount  of  time  allotted  them  at  con-ferences. We thought a good basis would be to create a virtual community  that  emulated  what  we  felt  on  our  home  campus.  Sarah  then  suggested  an  online  hub  which  would  allow  medi-eval scholars to join together, share in discussion, trade syllabi, and connect for conferences. The next thing we knew we were having lunch with Dr. Tracy and Dr. Sexton and were exploring the idea further. We left our meeting with the go-ahead to get a website up and running for The Lone Medievalist.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;It’s perhaps inevitable for medievalists to feel a bit isolated. The very  terms  “medieval”  and  “Middle  Ages”  hardly  conjure  up  positive  images  among  the  general  public  and  even  our  non-brethren   academics,   resulting   in   such   negative   stereotypes   towards  the  field  that  meaningful  discourse  can  end  before  it  even  begins.  When  not  surrounded  by  kindred  specialists,  it’s  tempting to empathize with pre-millennial Irish monks sailing out bravely into the North Atlantic, pretending the professional solitude is precisely what we seek, even if it isn’t. Those who study the Middle Ages could be forgiven for feel-ing that their situation is unique, that no one else could possibly understand  the  seclusion  which  comes  with  studying  societies  long  ago  and  far  away,  with  trying  to  appreciate  mindsets  and  worldviews of people who often thought in fundamentally dif-ferent, even perplexing ways. What else to do but don our emo-tional armor and carry on as academic outliers?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;It’s perhaps inevitable for medievalists to feel a bit isolated. The very  terms  “medieval”  and  “Middle  Ages”  hardly  conjure  up  positive  images  among  the  general  public  and  even  our  non-brethren   academics,   resulting   in   such   negative   stereotypes   towards  the  field  that  meaningful  discourse  can  end  before  it  even  begins.  When  not  surrounded  by  kindred  specialists,  it’s  tempting to empathize with pre-millennial Irish monks sailing out bravely into the North Atlantic, pretending the professional solitude is precisely what we seek, even if it isn’t. Those who study the Middle Ages could be forgiven for feel-ing that their situation is unique, that no one else could possibly understand  the  seclusion  which  comes  with  studying  societies  long  ago  and  far  away,  with  trying  to  appreciate  mindsets  and  worldviews of people who often thought in fundamentally dif-ferent, even perplexing ways. What else to do but don our emo-tional armor and carry on as academic outliers?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Keeping It Old-School on the New Faculty Majority</TitleText>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;I  have  the  good  fortune  to  teach  in  an  English  department  at  a  Big  12  school.  While  it  is  not  as  well-funded  as,  say,  the  me-chanical engineering department or any of the departments in the  business  school,  it  does  have  a  fair  bit  of  resources  avail-able. Tenured and tenure-track faculty members are eligible for travel  support,  research  grants,  sabbaticals,  and  college-  and  university-wide awards that carry substantial stipends. Training programs  and  continuing  education  opportunities  are  widely  available,  as  well,  and  the  building  in  which  the  department  is  housed  is  one  of  the  oldest  on  campus,  constructed  in  a  fine  style and solid enough to withstand tornadoes and earthquakes.Adding my voice to the Ballad may be a bit of an oddity, as I  am  not  the  only  medievalist  in  the  department.  There  is  one  other, a tenured associate professor who specializes in Old Eng-lish. I am the only member of the department who specializes in Middle English, however, and the only one among the many contingent  faculty  in  the  department  who  specializes  in  me-dieval  literature  of  any  sort.  While  I  am  privileged  among  the  academic precariat — I have office space in which to meet with students, a desk and computer with which to do at least some of the work involved in my position, an annual contract that lends itself to renewal, and some health care benefits — I am nonethe-less  in  a  position  that  typically  has  me  teach  so-called  service  courses.  In  my  time  in  my  current  position,  I  have  only  once  been assigned to teach a class that explicitly includes my area of expertise:  a  sophomore-level  survey  of  British  literature,  span-ning its beginnings through 1800. In such a course, I could give no more than a few weeks to my general area of expertise and even less to my specialty of Malory and his transmission.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;I  have  the  good  fortune  to  teach  in  an  English  department  at  a  Big  12  school.  While  it  is  not  as  well-funded  as,  say,  the  me-chanical engineering department or any of the departments in the  business  school,  it  does  have  a  fair  bit  of  resources  avail-able. Tenured and tenure-track faculty members are eligible for travel  support,  research  grants,  sabbaticals,  and  college-  and  university-wide awards that carry substantial stipends. Training programs  and  continuing  education  opportunities  are  widely  available,  as  well,  and  the  building  in  which  the  department  is  housed  is  one  of  the  oldest  on  campus,  constructed  in  a  fine  style and solid enough to withstand tornadoes and earthquakes.Adding my voice to the Ballad may be a bit of an oddity, as I  am  not  the  only  medievalist  in  the  department.  There  is  one  other, a tenured associate professor who specializes in Old Eng-lish. I am the only member of the department who specializes in Middle English, however, and the only one among the many contingent  faculty  in  the  department  who  specializes  in  me-dieval  literature  of  any  sort.  While  I  am  privileged  among  the  academic precariat — I have office space in which to meet with students, a desk and computer with which to do at least some of the work involved in my position, an annual contract that lends itself to renewal, and some health care benefits — I am nonethe-less  in  a  position  that  typically  has  me  teach  so-called  service  courses.  In  my  time  in  my  current  position,  I  have  only  once  been assigned to teach a class that explicitly includes my area of expertise:  a  sophomore-level  survey  of  British  literature,  span-ning its beginnings through 1800. In such a course, I could give no more than a few weeks to my general area of expertise and even less to my specialty of Malory and his transmission.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Being  the  only  medievalist  on  one’s  campus  can  be  lonely,  not  because  one’s  colleagues  are  unwelcoming  or  uncollegial,  but  because the language of our intellectual passion is missing from campus. It’s not merely that those around us are not reading the same journals or attending the same conferences that we enjoy, but  that  their  very  definition  of  medieval  is  likely  to  be  far  re-moved from what we actually study, given medievalism’s power-ful influence on the portrayal of the Middle Ages in contempo-rary literature, film, and pop culture. Moreover, when it comes to the humanities, current political forces, with their emphases on the practicality of a college degree, are far more likely to pro-mote the study of modern languages, politics, and religion than their medieval cousins, reaching across cultures geographically, but less often temporally. As a result, the lone medievalist may come to feel isolated, and even unappreciated, regardless of his or her actual rank or relationships with fellow faculty.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Being  the  only  medievalist  on  one’s  campus  can  be  lonely,  not  because  one’s  colleagues  are  unwelcoming  or  uncollegial,  but  because the language of our intellectual passion is missing from campus. It’s not merely that those around us are not reading the same journals or attending the same conferences that we enjoy, but  that  their  very  definition  of  medieval  is  likely  to  be  far  re-moved from what we actually study, given medievalism’s power-ful influence on the portrayal of the Middle Ages in contempo-rary literature, film, and pop culture. Moreover, when it comes to the humanities, current political forces, with their emphases on the practicality of a college degree, are far more likely to pro-mote the study of modern languages, politics, and religion than their medieval cousins, reaching across cultures geographically, but less often temporally. As a result, the lone medievalist may come to feel isolated, and even unappreciated, regardless of his or her actual rank or relationships with fellow faculty.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">And Gladly Wolde He Teche</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Robert Kellerman</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;When  I  was  hired  on  the  tenure  track  by  University  of  Maine  at Augusta, a small branch of Maine’s public university system, there  were  no  courses  in  medieval  or  Renaissance  literature  at  all  other  than  the  ubiquitous  Shakespeare  course  that  was  taught by the British literature specialist. The job advertisement for my position simply stated that the English program sought a candidate to teach “composition and literature,” with no par-ticular specialization attached to the position. On being hired, I was thus in the enviable position of proposing and creating the courses in my field that I then taught; in essence, I filled a posi-tion that I subsequently designed to my own specifications. I am extremely  grateful  that  my  colleagues  were  enthusiastic  about  having the curriculum augmented with courses in early English literature.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;When  I  was  hired  on  the  tenure  track  by  University  of  Maine  at Augusta, a small branch of Maine’s public university system, there  were  no  courses  in  medieval  or  Renaissance  literature  at  all  other  than  the  ubiquitous  Shakespeare  course  that  was  taught by the British literature specialist. The job advertisement for my position simply stated that the English program sought a candidate to teach “composition and literature,” with no par-ticular specialization attached to the position. On being hired, I was thus in the enviable position of proposing and creating the courses in my field that I then taught; in essence, I filled a posi-tion that I subsequently designed to my own specifications. I am extremely  grateful  that  my  colleagues  were  enthusiastic  about  having the curriculum augmented with courses in early English literature.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">I Know! Let's Put on a Show!</TitleText>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Perhaps  one  of  the  earliest  narrative  tropes  I  encountered  was  the one where a group of kids try to save the orphanage, or their parents’ homes, or the school by putting on a show. I still have a clear image of a five- or six-year-old Spanky, dressed as a Ro-man soldier, reciting Mark Antony’s speech from Shakespeare’s Julius  Caesar,  while  trying  to  dodge  spitballs  from  his  friends  and the domineering of his overprotective mother. By bringing down the house (quite literally, of course) he was able to win the prize so the young girl with stage fright could buy a new dress.1The trope was made famous in Rodgers and Hart’s musical com-edy, Babes in Arms, starring Mickey Rooney and Judy Garland, and the two actors made quite a few movies featuring this plot device. I guess having had this story line run through my head so many times as a kid, it sank in and resurfaces every now and again as something I would like to try. So when I encountered trouble  getting  students  and  colleagues  interested  in  the  work  featured  in  my  dissertation,  the  old  trope  naturally  sprang  to  mind.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Perhaps  one  of  the  earliest  narrative  tropes  I  encountered  was  the one where a group of kids try to save the orphanage, or their parents’ homes, or the school by putting on a show. I still have a clear image of a five- or six-year-old Spanky, dressed as a Ro-man soldier, reciting Mark Antony’s speech from Shakespeare’s Julius  Caesar,  while  trying  to  dodge  spitballs  from  his  friends  and the domineering of his overprotective mother. By bringing down the house (quite literally, of course) he was able to win the prize so the young girl with stage fright could buy a new dress.1The trope was made famous in Rodgers and Hart’s musical com-edy, Babes in Arms, starring Mickey Rooney and Judy Garland, and the two actors made quite a few movies featuring this plot device. I guess having had this story line run through my head so many times as a kid, it sank in and resurfaces every now and again as something I would like to try. So when I encountered trouble  getting  students  and  colleagues  interested  in  the  work  featured  in  my  dissertation,  the  old  trope  naturally  sprang  to  mind.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Perpetual Invention and Performance-Based Research</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">The Case of The Ballad of Robin Hood and the Potter</Subtitle>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;When I was in graduate school, I had a secret, albeit not a very well-kept  one.  Before  I  moved  across  the  country  to  study  the  Middle Ages, I was an actor and director, working consistently in California’s regional theaters. I had always been torn between my creative instincts and my intellectual pursuits, and, when I entered my MA program, I thought that intellect had prevailed and I had left theater behind for good. I remember that, when my  peers  in  the  English  department  would  lament  the  state  of  the  academic  job  market,  I  would  shrug  and  think,  “I  was  an  actor. The job market doesn’t get worse than that.” I am not sure if I ever said it out loud after the first month because my experi-ence as a theater practitioner was alien to most of my peers and professors.  It  was  not  academic.  It  was  not  literary.  It  was  not  historical. Even to me, it seemed to have little relevance to my new field, except for lending me some comfort in front of a class of  undergraduates.  My  past,  therefore,  was  essentially  erased,  and I reinvented myself as an academic.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;When I was in graduate school, I had a secret, albeit not a very well-kept  one.  Before  I  moved  across  the  country  to  study  the  Middle Ages, I was an actor and director, working consistently in California’s regional theaters. I had always been torn between my creative instincts and my intellectual pursuits, and, when I entered my MA program, I thought that intellect had prevailed and I had left theater behind for good. I remember that, when my  peers  in  the  English  department  would  lament  the  state  of  the  academic  job  market,  I  would  shrug  and  think,  “I  was  an  actor. The job market doesn’t get worse than that.” I am not sure if I ever said it out loud after the first month because my experi-ence as a theater practitioner was alien to most of my peers and professors.  It  was  not  academic.  It  was  not  literary.  It  was  not  historical. Even to me, it seemed to have little relevance to my new field, except for lending me some comfort in front of a class of  undergraduates.  My  past,  therefore,  was  essentially  erased,  and I reinvented myself as an academic.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">What's the Message?</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Building Community through Tolkien's Beowulf</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Holly M. Wendt</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;When I was asked to participate in a series of summer book talks, I had a number of decisions to make. The first — to participate at all — was easy. As a faculty member finishing up the first year on the tenure track at a new campus, I jumped at the chance to take part in a long-running partnership between my institution and an active, engaged local community. The second decision — the book  —  was  far  more  difficult.  The  series’  scope  ranged  wide;  the  other  texts  on  the  schedule  leaned  heavily  toward  history,  biography,  and  accessible  social  and  natural  science.  As  some-one  whose  academic  interests  and  teaching  responsibilities  lay  evenly split between creative writing and medieval literature, I was,  like  Chaucer’s  Troilus,  in  kankedort.1  But  I  found  resolu-tion in J.R.R. Tolkien’s translation of Beowulf. Tolkien’s Beowulfstruck  the  right  balance  of  intellectually  interesting  and  more  broadly  appealing;  if  Beowulf  itself  didn’t  draw  people  in,  per-haps Tolkien’s name might. The Hobbit film franchise, after all, had just drawn to a close, and the bulk of the book talk attendees would be seniors. If they had children, those children would have been of an age to discover Tolkien’s creative works in their youth.  This  audience,  too,  might  have  better  memory  of  Peter  Jackson’s screen adaptation of the Lord of the Rings trilogy than my current sophomores, who were only four years old when the first movie came out.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;When I was asked to participate in a series of summer book talks, I had a number of decisions to make. The first — to participate at all — was easy. As a faculty member finishing up the first year on the tenure track at a new campus, I jumped at the chance to take part in a long-running partnership between my institution and an active, engaged local community. The second decision — the book  —  was  far  more  difficult.  The  series’  scope  ranged  wide;  the  other  texts  on  the  schedule  leaned  heavily  toward  history,  biography,  and  accessible  social  and  natural  science.  As  some-one  whose  academic  interests  and  teaching  responsibilities  lay  evenly split between creative writing and medieval literature, I was,  like  Chaucer’s  Troilus,  in  kankedort.1  But  I  found  resolu-tion in J.R.R. Tolkien’s translation of Beowulf. Tolkien’s Beowulfstruck  the  right  balance  of  intellectually  interesting  and  more  broadly  appealing;  if  Beowulf  itself  didn’t  draw  people  in,  per-haps Tolkien’s name might. The Hobbit film franchise, after all, had just drawn to a close, and the bulk of the book talk attendees would be seniors. If they had children, those children would have been of an age to discover Tolkien’s creative works in their youth.  This  audience,  too,  might  have  better  memory  of  Peter  Jackson’s screen adaptation of the Lord of the Rings trilogy than my current sophomores, who were only four years old when the first movie came out.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Why Read That?</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Selling the Middle Ages</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Diane Cady</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>Mills College</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;As medievalists, we often do our training in graduate programs with several medievalists on staff, only to find ourselves teach-ing  in  places  where  we  are  the  lone  medievalists.  As  a  conse-quence, we may find ourselves fielding questions from students, colleagues,  and  administrators  about  the  value  —  cultural,  aes-thetic and economic — of studying the Middle Ages. I remem-ber  one  such  question  early  in  my  career,  during  my  first  se-mester at Mills College, a small liberal arts college in Oakland, California,  with  a  woman-identified,  undergraduate  popula-tion. How, a student asked, could I love Chaucer? Initially, her question  surprised  me:  I  not  only  love  Chaucer,  but  also  often  wonder how anyone could not love Chaucer. Yet, I also under-stood the source of her question. We had just finished reading “The  Reeve’s  Tale,”  a  short  and  troubling  story  that,  like  many  of the Canterbury Tales, presents women’s bodies as the terrain on which male rivalry is fought. Does teaching such stories per-petuate the idea that sexual violence is inevitable? Does it repro-duce misogyny and gender bias, she pressed? What value, if any, do texts like these hold for us as readers today?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;As medievalists, we often do our training in graduate programs with several medievalists on staff, only to find ourselves teach-ing  in  places  where  we  are  the  lone  medievalists.  As  a  conse-quence, we may find ourselves fielding questions from students, colleagues,  and  administrators  about  the  value  —  cultural,  aes-thetic and economic — of studying the Middle Ages. I remem-ber  one  such  question  early  in  my  career,  during  my  first  se-mester at Mills College, a small liberal arts college in Oakland, California,  with  a  woman-identified,  undergraduate  popula-tion. How, a student asked, could I love Chaucer? Initially, her question  surprised  me:  I  not  only  love  Chaucer,  but  also  often  wonder how anyone could not love Chaucer. Yet, I also under-stood the source of her question. We had just finished reading “The  Reeve’s  Tale,”  a  short  and  troubling  story  that,  like  many  of the Canterbury Tales, presents women’s bodies as the terrain on which male rivalry is fought. Does teaching such stories per-petuate the idea that sexual violence is inevitable? Does it repro-duce misogyny and gender bias, she pressed? What value, if any, do texts like these hold for us as readers today?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <PersonName>Cady, Diane </PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">A Trip to England</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Discovering the Ties between Medievalism and Pop Culture</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Danielle Girard</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>Fitchburg State University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In  early  March  of  2014,  a  group  of  eager  undergraduate  stu-dents  sat  huddled  in  a  classroom  at  Fitchburg  State  University  discussing with ill-disguised excitement the trivial fact that The Hobbit:  The  Desolation  of  Smaug  might  be  a  screening  option  on  the  plane  to  England.  Our  Lone  Medievalist  —  our  study  abroad course instructor — listened with an amused expression. The  following  night  we  boarded  said  plane  to  embark  on  our  adventure to walk in the footsteps of medieval England. As we moved  through  the  country  it  became  clear  that  there  was  an  indisputable link between the medieval sites we visited and the fan culture that we so thoroughly immersed ourselves in daily. Not  a  single  day  passed  during  which  we  failed  to  find  a  link  between the medieval past and contemporary “nerd-dom.” In a trip that lasted the duration of nine days, we learned that, while the  world  of  academia  may  marginalize  medieval  scholars  in  favor  of  contemporary  scholars,  the  world  of  popular  culture  embraces and profits from the fascinating and diverse stores of medieval culture.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In  early  March  of  2014,  a  group  of  eager  undergraduate  stu-dents  sat  huddled  in  a  classroom  at  Fitchburg  State  University  discussing with ill-disguised excitement the trivial fact that The Hobbit:  The  Desolation  of  Smaug  might  be  a  screening  option  on  the  plane  to  England.  Our  Lone  Medievalist  —  our  study  abroad course instructor — listened with an amused expression. The  following  night  we  boarded  said  plane  to  embark  on  our  adventure to walk in the footsteps of medieval England. As we moved  through  the  country  it  became  clear  that  there  was  an  indisputable link between the medieval sites we visited and the fan culture that we so thoroughly immersed ourselves in daily. Not  a  single  day  passed  during  which  we  failed  to  find  a  link  between the medieval past and contemporary “nerd-dom.” In a trip that lasted the duration of nine days, we learned that, while the  world  of  academia  may  marginalize  medieval  scholars  in  favor  of  contemporary  scholars,  the  world  of  popular  culture  embraces and profits from the fascinating and diverse stores of medieval culture.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Girard, Danielle</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">From the Monk's Cell to the Professor's Office</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Kisha G. Tracy</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Despite  the  title  of  this  essay,  I  am  not  going  to  spend  much  time  in  the  monk’s  cell  —  this  regardless  of  the  common  hab-it  of  equating  academics  with  monks,  generally  with  negative  connotations. This image was evoked by Nicholas Kristof in his much-discussed (by academics at least) New York Times article, “Professors, We Need You!,” advocating for public engagement by academics in less arcane language. He ends with the cry, “So, professors,  don’t  cloister  yourselves  like  medieval  monks  —  we  need you!”1 Earlier, he defines what this “cloistering” means: “A basic  challenge  is  that  Ph.D.  programs  have  fostered  a  culture  that  glorifies  arcane  unintelligibility  while  disdaining  impact  and audience. This culture of exclusivity is then transmitted to the  next  generation  through  the  publish-or-perish  tenure  pro-cess.  Rebels  are  too  often  crushed  or  driven  away.”  Essentially,  he  is  denigrating,  if  not  the  lone  medievalist  by  name,  then  certainly  the  lone  academic.  With  due  respect  to  Mr.  Kristof,  he clearly has not been a student of medieval studies. Peter Buchanan offers a reply to Kristof ’s article on his blog Phenomenal Anglo-Saxons that cannot fail to make a medievalist smile — if not smirk. He writes, “And since my PhD is in medieval studies, it’s not clear that he would want me [...] although I could at the very least let him know that medieval monks were often active figures in their world, preserving and transmitting knowledge, producing art and literature, and serving as public intellectuals shaping  the  course  of  local  and  international  political  affairs.”2Of course, such a discussion would necessarily get into eremitic vs.  cenobitic  monastic  traditions,  the  various  rules  of  orders,  and the determination of the effects monks had on public life. Nonetheless, Buchanan’s response is well-aimed.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Despite  the  title  of  this  essay,  I  am  not  going  to  spend  much  time  in  the  monk’s  cell  —  this  regardless  of  the  common  hab-it  of  equating  academics  with  monks,  generally  with  negative  connotations. This image was evoked by Nicholas Kristof in his much-discussed (by academics at least) New York Times article, “Professors, We Need You!,” advocating for public engagement by academics in less arcane language. He ends with the cry, “So, professors,  don’t  cloister  yourselves  like  medieval  monks  —  we  need you!”1 Earlier, he defines what this “cloistering” means: “A basic  challenge  is  that  Ph.D.  programs  have  fostered  a  culture  that  glorifies  arcane  unintelligibility  while  disdaining  impact  and audience. This culture of exclusivity is then transmitted to the  next  generation  through  the  publish-or-perish  tenure  pro-cess.  Rebels  are  too  often  crushed  or  driven  away.”  Essentially,  he  is  denigrating,  if  not  the  lone  medievalist  by  name,  then  certainly  the  lone  academic.  With  due  respect  to  Mr.  Kristof,  he clearly has not been a student of medieval studies. Peter Buchanan offers a reply to Kristof ’s article on his blog Phenomenal Anglo-Saxons that cannot fail to make a medievalist smile — if not smirk. He writes, “And since my PhD is in medieval studies, it’s not clear that he would want me [...] although I could at the very least let him know that medieval monks were often active figures in their world, preserving and transmitting knowledge, producing art and literature, and serving as public intellectuals shaping  the  course  of  local  and  international  political  affairs.”2Of course, such a discussion would necessarily get into eremitic vs.  cenobitic  monastic  traditions,  the  various  rules  of  orders,  and the determination of the effects monks had on public life. Nonetheless, Buchanan’s response is well-aimed.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Embracing the Medievalist Margin</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Alicia Spencer-Hall</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;LondonWhat a loaded phrase it is, “the Middle Ages.” What does it de-note, exactly? Medievalists have long critiqued the terminology as  an  empty  —  and  intellectually  partisan  —  marker  of  other-ness.1 Certainly, the term is useful for historicists, classicists, and modernists as a delimiter of the end of the age of Antiquity and the beginning of the Renaissance. Yet, the phrase is tainted for researchers in the medieval trenches, actively working to demonstrate  the  fecundity  and  importance  of  the  period  to  intel-lectual and cultural history. The formulation itself, “the Middle Ages,”  deflect  us  from  the  temporal  period  supposedly  under  study: what are those ages in the “middle” of ? The Middle Ages, paradoxically, take center-stage in their function as the margins of  other  more  exciting  periods  of  study.  Without  the  essential  instrument  of  “the  Middle  Ages,”  modernists  and  Classicists  would  struggle  to  frame  their  own  work.  Even  the  adjectival  form, “medieval,” offers us few benefits. As Margreta de Grazia notes,  the  term  “medieval”  “works  less  as  a  historical  marker  than a massive value judgement, determining what matters and what does not”.2 To research the Middle Ages, to be a medieval-ist,  is  to  be  irrevocably  tied  to  “a  millennium  of  middleness,”  and to exist “in the [marginalized] middle” in our professional academic lives.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;LondonWhat a loaded phrase it is, “the Middle Ages.” What does it de-note, exactly? Medievalists have long critiqued the terminology as  an  empty  —  and  intellectually  partisan  —  marker  of  other-ness.1 Certainly, the term is useful for historicists, classicists, and modernists as a delimiter of the end of the age of Antiquity and the beginning of the Renaissance. Yet, the phrase is tainted for researchers in the medieval trenches, actively working to demonstrate  the  fecundity  and  importance  of  the  period  to  intel-lectual and cultural history. The formulation itself, “the Middle Ages,”  deflect  us  from  the  temporal  period  supposedly  under  study: what are those ages in the “middle” of ? The Middle Ages, paradoxically, take center-stage in their function as the margins of  other  more  exciting  periods  of  study.  Without  the  essential  instrument  of  “the  Middle  Ages,”  modernists  and  Classicists  would  struggle  to  frame  their  own  work.  Even  the  adjectival  form, “medieval,” offers us few benefits. As Margreta de Grazia notes,  the  term  “medieval”  “works  less  as  a  historical  marker  than a massive value judgement, determining what matters and what does not”.2 To research the Middle Ages, to be a medieval-ist,  is  to  be  irrevocably  tied  to  “a  millennium  of  middleness,”  and to exist “in the [marginalized] middle” in our professional academic lives.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">The Medievalist's Soliloquy</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Struggles and Advice for Lone Medievalists</Subtitle>
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            <Affiliation>Midwestern State University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Many scholars of medieval studies enter their first job after leav-ing  supportive  graduate  programs  where  other  graduate  stu-dents  understood  their  woes.  Once  teaching  at  an  institution  where scholarly studies may not be a priority, many quickly dis-cover that they do not have much time, especially for research and writing. Moreover, they lack the supportive community that they  once  had.1  As  a  lone  medievalist,  the  struggle  to  produce  scholarship  and  writing  is  difficult  and  complicated.  Creating  classes, curriculum planning, committee work, etc., all eventu-ally become routine. Sadly, the same cannot be said of research. From lack of library resources, to the reliance on oneself as an audience,  the  research  process  proves  to  be  difficult.  Despite  these obstacles there are a number of ways to better facilitate re-searching and writing while still performing one’s teaching duties as the lone medievalist. The solutions and advice2 — focus-ing  on  the  categories  of  research  and  collegiality  —  draw  from  The Rule of Saint Augustine. The solitary medieval monk serves as a surprising parallel to modern lone medievalist.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Many scholars of medieval studies enter their first job after leav-ing  supportive  graduate  programs  where  other  graduate  stu-dents  understood  their  woes.  Once  teaching  at  an  institution  where scholarly studies may not be a priority, many quickly dis-cover that they do not have much time, especially for research and writing. Moreover, they lack the supportive community that they  once  had.1  As  a  lone  medievalist,  the  struggle  to  produce  scholarship  and  writing  is  difficult  and  complicated.  Creating  classes, curriculum planning, committee work, etc., all eventu-ally become routine. Sadly, the same cannot be said of research. From lack of library resources, to the reliance on oneself as an audience,  the  research  process  proves  to  be  difficult.  Despite  these obstacles there are a number of ways to better facilitate re-searching and writing while still performing one’s teaching duties as the lone medievalist. The solutions and advice2 — focus-ing  on  the  categories  of  research  and  collegiality  —  draw  from  The Rule of Saint Augustine. The solitary medieval monk serves as a surprising parallel to modern lone medievalist.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <PersonName>Michael David Elam</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;While many medievalists find themselves alone in their depart-ments,  ranging  from  History  to  English,  etc.,  many  medieval-ists  often  find  themselves  just  as  alone,  lonelier  in  some  cases,  among  other  medievalists,  especially  in  professional  contexts  in which shared specialization ought to help them feel they be-long. Lone medievalists in their academic departments, though they may feel a sense of isolation, may find that acclimation to teaching, service, and other responsibilities has its own separat-ing effect, an effect that makes the lone medievalist feel doubly alone  among  other  medievalists,  especially  at  conferences,  at  which the expectation to make significant, independent, mean-ingful contributions to further medieval studies can be stifling. Such  an  expectation,  frankly,  may  not  be  entirely  reasonable.  This may seem shocking, but many, if not most, medievalists do not have the personal resources to offer the kind of discipline-changing studies tacitly expected from them (from any scholar, really).  At  least  it  is  shocking  to  say  it  out  loud.  The  custom  among academics is to refrain from saying what most are think-ing and experiencing in the hopes that somehow one will stum-ble into something that peers will claim is brilliant; it has been my custom, anyway, and I know from candid conversations with others that I am not alone.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;While many medievalists find themselves alone in their depart-ments,  ranging  from  History  to  English,  etc.,  many  medieval-ists  often  find  themselves  just  as  alone,  lonelier  in  some  cases,  among  other  medievalists,  especially  in  professional  contexts  in which shared specialization ought to help them feel they be-long. Lone medievalists in their academic departments, though they may feel a sense of isolation, may find that acclimation to teaching, service, and other responsibilities has its own separat-ing effect, an effect that makes the lone medievalist feel doubly alone  among  other  medievalists,  especially  at  conferences,  at  which the expectation to make significant, independent, mean-ingful contributions to further medieval studies can be stifling. Such  an  expectation,  frankly,  may  not  be  entirely  reasonable.  This may seem shocking, but many, if not most, medievalists do not have the personal resources to offer the kind of discipline-changing studies tacitly expected from them (from any scholar, really).  At  least  it  is  shocking  to  say  it  out  loud.  The  custom  among academics is to refrain from saying what most are think-ing and experiencing in the hopes that somehow one will stum-ble into something that peers will claim is brilliant; it has been my custom, anyway, and I know from candid conversations with others that I am not alone.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">The Unicorn Learns Accountability</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Misty Urban</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In  the  spring  of  my  first  year  at  Lewis-Clark  State  College  in  Lewiston, Idaho, I stood before a standing-room-only crowd in the  on-campus  coffee  shop,  prepared  to  give  an  informal  talk  as part of the Humanities Division’s ongoing colloquium series. Other  professors  had  run  small  but  intellectually  substantial  discussions about, for example, tigers in Romantic poetry. I was here to talk about monstrous women, Middle English romance, and  the  fairy  Melusine.  I  had  a  set  of  PowerPoint  slides.  I  had  a  packed  audience,  composed  not  just  of  my  colleagues  and  seminar students but, I suspected, other students earning extra credit.  Giving  this  talk  on  my  research  felt  like  a  good  way  to  introduce myself as the new assistant professor of English. It felt like a good way to give students a small taste of medieval litera-ture that might lure them into further study. It felt like one of the many ways I was still attempting to prove, to the division and to myself, that, though the hiring process was long complete, I was indeed the right person for this job.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In  the  spring  of  my  first  year  at  Lewis-Clark  State  College  in  Lewiston, Idaho, I stood before a standing-room-only crowd in the  on-campus  coffee  shop,  prepared  to  give  an  informal  talk  as part of the Humanities Division’s ongoing colloquium series. Other  professors  had  run  small  but  intellectually  substantial  discussions about, for example, tigers in Romantic poetry. I was here to talk about monstrous women, Middle English romance, and  the  fairy  Melusine.  I  had  a  set  of  PowerPoint  slides.  I  had  a  packed  audience,  composed  not  just  of  my  colleagues  and  seminar students but, I suspected, other students earning extra credit.  Giving  this  talk  on  my  research  felt  like  a  good  way  to  introduce myself as the new assistant professor of English. It felt like a good way to give students a small taste of medieval litera-ture that might lure them into further study. It felt like one of the many ways I was still attempting to prove, to the division and to myself, that, though the hiring process was long complete, I was indeed the right person for this job.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">How to Stop Being a Lonely Medievalist</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>M. Wendy Hennequin</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;If you are reading this essay, chances are you are a Lone Medi-evalist.  So  am  I.  I  am  the  only  medievalist  in  my  department  (Language,  Literature,  and  Philosophy,  comprising  the  disci-plines  of  English,  foreign  languages,  literature,  linguistics,  and  philosophy).  I  teach  at  a  historically  black  college,  where  me-dieval  studies  doesn’t  even  register  on  the  academic  radar.  My  historically-minded  students  are  generally  more  interested  in  American or African history. Many students, and indeed many of my colleagues, see the Middle Ages as irrelevant to our stud-ies and disciplines.Yet my purpose here isn’t to enumerate the challenges of be-ing  a  Lone  Medievalist.  We  all  know  what  they  are,  and  other  essays in this volume examine our situation and its inherent is-sues  and  frustrations  in  detail.  Instead,  I  intend  to  discuss  the  problem  of  a  Lone  Medievalist’s  loneliness  and  suggest  some  concrete ways to deal with it.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;If you are reading this essay, chances are you are a Lone Medi-evalist.  So  am  I.  I  am  the  only  medievalist  in  my  department  (Language,  Literature,  and  Philosophy,  comprising  the  disci-plines  of  English,  foreign  languages,  literature,  linguistics,  and  philosophy).  I  teach  at  a  historically  black  college,  where  me-dieval  studies  doesn’t  even  register  on  the  academic  radar.  My  historically-minded  students  are  generally  more  interested  in  American or African history. Many students, and indeed many of my colleagues, see the Middle Ages as irrelevant to our stud-ies and disciplines.Yet my purpose here isn’t to enumerate the challenges of be-ing  a  Lone  Medievalist.  We  all  know  what  they  are,  and  other  essays in this volume examine our situation and its inherent is-sues  and  frustrations  in  detail.  Instead,  I  intend  to  discuss  the  problem  of  a  Lone  Medievalist’s  loneliness  and  suggest  some  concrete ways to deal with it.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Blended Medievalist Careers</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Staying Optimistic While Balancing Passion and Job Market Realities</Subtitle>
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            <Affiliation>Ohio University</Affiliation>
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          <PersonName>Aubri Anne McVey</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;University  teaching  is  by  nature  an  optimistic  profession.  To  invest  in  the  time  and  energy  for  graduate-level  training  and  then  go  on  to  work  with  our  own  students  is  to  invest  in  the  belief  that  despite  the  ills  of  war,  political  corruption,  social  conflict, and natural disasters, there is hope that human beings can overcome the obstacles that we face. This hope springs not just from a vague sense that “everything will be okay” but also from seeing our own liberal arts educations help us solve “real world” problems.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;University  teaching  is  by  nature  an  optimistic  profession.  To  invest  in  the  time  and  energy  for  graduate-level  training  and  then  go  on  to  work  with  our  own  students  is  to  invest  in  the  belief  that  despite  the  ills  of  war,  political  corruption,  social  conflict, and natural disasters, there is hope that human beings can overcome the obstacles that we face. This hope springs not just from a vague sense that “everything will be okay” but also from seeing our own liberal arts educations help us solve “real world” problems.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">A Study of the Unexpected</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">The Advantages of Being the "Lone Medievalist"</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Nikolas O. Hoel</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>Northeastern Illinois University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The challenges facing the academy are great and have in many ways been well documented in recent times. As a general trend, enrollments  are  slipping  at  many  institutions  and  state  legisla-tures  are  cutting  funds  to  state  universities  in  the  name  of  re-duced  spending.  Individual  academics  face  mounting  issues  as well. Teaching loads continue to grow, while funding for re-search is dropping, not to mention the decrease in hiring. Par-ticularly hard hit are the humanities, which are seen by many as unnecessary in a climate in which preparation for the job mar-ket  is  hailed  as  the  paramount  concern.  The  atmosphere  is  so  hostile in many sectors that some writers have seen the need to present a “defense” of a liberal arts education.1 While vocational training is an important tool for many, the liberal arts remain a cornerstone of the American educational system.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The challenges facing the academy are great and have in many ways been well documented in recent times. As a general trend, enrollments  are  slipping  at  many  institutions  and  state  legisla-tures  are  cutting  funds  to  state  universities  in  the  name  of  re-duced  spending.  Individual  academics  face  mounting  issues  as well. Teaching loads continue to grow, while funding for re-search is dropping, not to mention the decrease in hiring. Par-ticularly hard hit are the humanities, which are seen by many as unnecessary in a climate in which preparation for the job mar-ket  is  hailed  as  the  paramount  concern.  The  atmosphere  is  so  hostile in many sectors that some writers have seen the need to present a “defense” of a liberal arts education.1 While vocational training is an important tool for many, the liberal arts remain a cornerstone of the American educational system.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Saga Thing and the Benefits of Podcasting the Medieval</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Andrew M. Pfrenger</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>Kent State University at Salem</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;For over a decade now, podcasting has become an increasingly popular form of entertainment and information sharing. An es-timated  57  million  Americans  currently  listen  to  one  or  more  podcasts on a regular basis according to Edison Research’s “The Infinite  Dial  2016.”  It’s  a  safe  bet  that  many  of  our  students  al-ready  embrace  this  technology  on  a  daily  basis,  using  their  phones  to  download  or  stream  podcasts  on  a  diverse  range  of  subjects, from comedy to current events, from self-help to his-tory.  Though  the  medium  is  dominated  by  traditional  broad-casters  and  entertainers,  the  podcast  market  is  flooded  with  shows crafted by do-it-yourself hosts from nearly every walk of life speaking about their interests and opinions.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;For over a decade now, podcasting has become an increasingly popular form of entertainment and information sharing. An es-timated  57  million  Americans  currently  listen  to  one  or  more  podcasts on a regular basis according to Edison Research’s “The Infinite  Dial  2016.”  It’s  a  safe  bet  that  many  of  our  students  al-ready  embrace  this  technology  on  a  daily  basis,  using  their  phones  to  download  or  stream  podcasts  on  a  diverse  range  of  subjects, from comedy to current events, from self-help to his-tory.  Though  the  medium  is  dominated  by  traditional  broad-casters  and  entertainers,  the  podcast  market  is  flooded  with  shows crafted by do-it-yourself hosts from nearly every walk of life speaking about their interests and opinions.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <PersonName>Pfrenger, Andrew M.</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Building Your Own Villa</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Jane Chance</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The  way  I  found  to  ease  the  many  negatives  of  being  both  the  lone medievalist and the first tenure-track woman in the English Department at a small private university (as Rice was at the time I  arrived  in  1973,  with  2,300  undergraduates  and  1,000  gradu-ate students) was to learn to build on connections with others, whether students or colleagues. After finishing my Ph.D. at the University  of  Illinois  in  1971,  I  had  taught  for  two  years  at  the  snow-laden University of Saskatchewan-Saskatoon. Longing to return to an urban environment, I came to sunny Houston as a very  young  assistant  professor,  girded  with  a  book  contract  in  hand  for  a  revised  dissertation  and  boundless  optimism.  Two  medievalists had taught in the department prior to my advent, but I was hired specifically to replace the Anglo-Saxonist.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The  way  I  found  to  ease  the  many  negatives  of  being  both  the  lone medievalist and the first tenure-track woman in the English Department at a small private university (as Rice was at the time I  arrived  in  1973,  with  2,300  undergraduates  and  1,000  gradu-ate students) was to learn to build on connections with others, whether students or colleagues. After finishing my Ph.D. at the University  of  Illinois  in  1971,  I  had  taught  for  two  years  at  the  snow-laden University of Saskatchewan-Saskatoon. Longing to return to an urban environment, I came to sunny Houston as a very  young  assistant  professor,  girded  with  a  book  contract  in  hand  for  a  revised  dissertation  and  boundless  optimism.  Two  medievalists had taught in the department prior to my advent, but I was hired specifically to replace the Anglo-Saxonist.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <PersonName>Chance, Jane </PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Twice Marginal and Twice Invisible</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">On Being the Lone Medievalist Twice in One State</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Michelle M. Sauer</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>University of North Dakota</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In  the  classic  Jacqueline  Murray  article,  “Twice  Marginal  and  Twice  Invisible:  Lesbians  in  the  Middle  Ages,”1  she  argues  that  lesbians are challenging to reclaim in history by virtue of being doubly  excluded.  I’m  not  exactly  comparing  myself  to  a  medi-eval lesbian, although a good deal of my scholarship has focused on  female  same-sex  desire  in  the  Middle  Ages;  however,  there  have been several instances of intertwined marginalization like this  in  my  career.  I  was,  for  example,  the  only  medieval  PhD  student  at  my  institution.  That  brought  both  good  and  bad,  since  I  got  plum  teaching  assignments  (no  composition),  but  lost out on a student community. As a woman of color, I am also sometimes on the outskirts of medieval studies (although that is changing in today’s academic world), but have also been called a “race traitor” by other South Asians since I study “the whitest period in history” (a view also being challenged in today’s academic world). So I guess one could say that I pretty much began my career as a Lone Medievalist in my PhD program, and have continued as such to this very day.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In  the  classic  Jacqueline  Murray  article,  “Twice  Marginal  and  Twice  Invisible:  Lesbians  in  the  Middle  Ages,”1  she  argues  that  lesbians are challenging to reclaim in history by virtue of being doubly  excluded.  I’m  not  exactly  comparing  myself  to  a  medi-eval lesbian, although a good deal of my scholarship has focused on  female  same-sex  desire  in  the  Middle  Ages;  however,  there  have been several instances of intertwined marginalization like this  in  my  career.  I  was,  for  example,  the  only  medieval  PhD  student  at  my  institution.  That  brought  both  good  and  bad,  since  I  got  plum  teaching  assignments  (no  composition),  but  lost out on a student community. As a woman of color, I am also sometimes on the outskirts of medieval studies (although that is changing in today’s academic world), but have also been called a “race traitor” by other South Asians since I study “the whitest period in history” (a view also being challenged in today’s academic world). So I guess one could say that I pretty much began my career as a Lone Medievalist in my PhD program, and have continued as such to this very day.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Sauer, Michelle M.</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Pushing Boundaries</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Making the Medieval Relevant through Public History and Engagement On and Off Campus</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Amber Handy</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Amber</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Handy</KeyNames>
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            <Affiliation>Mississippi University for Women</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;When  I  arrived  on  the  campus  of  this  small  regional  public  university  fresh  out  of  graduate  school,  I  felt  like  I  had  won  the lottery. Not only had I secured a tenure-track job in a ter-rible  market,  but  I  had  done  so  at  an  institution  with  small  class  sizes,  a  liberal-arts  based  teaching  mission,  and  a  long  history of supporting women’s education, which was precisely the  type  of  university  at  which  I  had  always  wanted  to  teach.  I soon discovered that leaving behind a well-supported medi-eval community comprised of a diverse and thriving scholarly body,  phenomenal  library,  and  financial  support  for  teaching  and research had its challenges. While my new university val-ued my teaching skills, its library resources were far more lim-ited  than  I  had  anticipated,  and  the  student  body,  comprised  largely of first-generation college students, did not immediately understand  the  relevance  of  medieval  history  to  their  course  of  study  or  future  career  goals.  Despite  the  warm  welcome  I  received  from  my  new  colleagues,  I  soon  began  to  wonder  if  some of them harbored similar questions about the wisdom of using  one  of  their  few  tenure-track  lines  on  a  premodernist.  As  the  lone  medievalist  in  a  department  of  only  four  histori-ans, and one of only two medievalists on the entire campus, I have  found  that  the  best  way  to  ensure  that  medieval  history  is taken seriously by my colleagues is by actively seeking ways to professionally engage both with my departmental colleagues outside of the medieval period and as a medievalist across and beyond campus. In my experience, the following six areas have been  key  in  demonstrating  how  my  training  in  medieval  his-tory  can  be  an  asset  in  program  and  curricular  development,  undergraduate education in core history skills, student recruit-ment, and public outreach.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;When  I  arrived  on  the  campus  of  this  small  regional  public  university  fresh  out  of  graduate  school,  I  felt  like  I  had  won  the lottery. Not only had I secured a tenure-track job in a ter-rible  market,  but  I  had  done  so  at  an  institution  with  small  class  sizes,  a  liberal-arts  based  teaching  mission,  and  a  long  history of supporting women’s education, which was precisely the  type  of  university  at  which  I  had  always  wanted  to  teach.  I soon discovered that leaving behind a well-supported medi-eval community comprised of a diverse and thriving scholarly body,  phenomenal  library,  and  financial  support  for  teaching  and research had its challenges. While my new university val-ued my teaching skills, its library resources were far more lim-ited  than  I  had  anticipated,  and  the  student  body,  comprised  largely of first-generation college students, did not immediately understand  the  relevance  of  medieval  history  to  their  course  of  study  or  future  career  goals.  Despite  the  warm  welcome  I  received  from  my  new  colleagues,  I  soon  began  to  wonder  if  some of them harbored similar questions about the wisdom of using  one  of  their  few  tenure-track  lines  on  a  premodernist.  As  the  lone  medievalist  in  a  department  of  only  four  histori-ans, and one of only two medievalists on the entire campus, I have  found  that  the  best  way  to  ensure  that  medieval  history  is taken seriously by my colleagues is by actively seeking ways to professionally engage both with my departmental colleagues outside of the medieval period and as a medievalist across and beyond campus. In my experience, the following six areas have been  key  in  demonstrating  how  my  training  in  medieval  his-tory  can  be  an  asset  in  program  and  curricular  development,  undergraduate education in core history skills, student recruit-ment, and public outreach.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Brought to You by Your Friendly Campus Medievalist</TitleText>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;I  have  been  a  lone  medievalist  for  eight  years  —  longer  than  some, but not nearly as long as many in our profession. Some-times, when I am introducing myself to new faculty members or participating in one of the countless academic rituals that require an introduction and declaration of specialty, I am tempted to ac-knowledge my lone medievalist status after stating my name. As a way of giving an account of myself, I think this would be highly effective. Not only does it provide the necessary identifying in-formation,  but  its  similarity  to  the  ritualized  language  of  some  twelve-step programs would alert my colleagues to the nature of my situation. “Ah,” they would whisper to each other. “That ex-plains quite a bit. At least he can admit he needs help.” Of course, being a lone medievalist is not a condition for which one needs to  seek  treatment,  despite  what  our  colleagues  may  sometimes  think.  Yet,  many  of  us  who  are  lone  medievalists  have,  at  one  time  in  our  career  or  another,  felt  as  if  we  are  suffering  from  some  sort  of  affliction  that  isolates  us  from  the  rest  of  our  col-leagues and causes us to be misunderstood by those with whom we share our academic lives. Such was certainly my experience as  I  began  my  tenure-track  position  at  a  small,  private,  liberal  arts college, and, I must say, it initially threw me for quite a loop.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;I  have  been  a  lone  medievalist  for  eight  years  —  longer  than  some, but not nearly as long as many in our profession. Some-times, when I am introducing myself to new faculty members or participating in one of the countless academic rituals that require an introduction and declaration of specialty, I am tempted to ac-knowledge my lone medievalist status after stating my name. As a way of giving an account of myself, I think this would be highly effective. Not only does it provide the necessary identifying in-formation,  but  its  similarity  to  the  ritualized  language  of  some  twelve-step programs would alert my colleagues to the nature of my situation. “Ah,” they would whisper to each other. “That ex-plains quite a bit. At least he can admit he needs help.” Of course, being a lone medievalist is not a condition for which one needs to  seek  treatment,  despite  what  our  colleagues  may  sometimes  think.  Yet,  many  of  us  who  are  lone  medievalists  have,  at  one  time  in  our  career  or  another,  felt  as  if  we  are  suffering  from  some  sort  of  affliction  that  isolates  us  from  the  rest  of  our  col-leagues and causes us to be misunderstood by those with whom we share our academic lives. Such was certainly my experience as  I  began  my  tenure-track  position  at  a  small,  private,  liberal  arts college, and, I must say, it initially threw me for quite a loop.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Down with Dante and Chaucer? Navigating a Great Books Curriculum as a Medievalist</TitleText>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;When I accepted my job as a joint hire between an English de-partment and an Honors College that used a fairly conventional Great Books curriculum, I was excited to have a job and to be teaching the classics as well as my own research interests. But I quickly learned that there are some dangers and stressors in be-ing the only person who works on anything remotely premod-ern in a four-semester curriculum that dwells a year on ancient Roman  and  Greek  classics,  hurtles  over  the  Middle  Ages  after  two or three short weeks with Dante and Chaucer, and comes to rest heavily in the Renaissance and the Enlightenment. I quickly found  myself  saying  things  that  surprised  and  even  scared  my  colleagues as we discussed our curriculum and book lists every year with hopes of improving or innovating the hundred years’ culture war that is a Great Books curriculum.1 “Why not teach a saga instead of Dante?” I might say. Or: “Can we replace Chaucer with Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, or even Piers Plowman?” “No, I do not feel comfortable lecturing on the political climate that led to the creation of Virgil’s Aeneid — that’s why we need a classicist.”  “Can’t  we  add  another  medieval  text  and  remove  The  Golden  Ass?  Marie  de  France  can  cover  a  lot  of  the  same  ground.” And so on. My colleagues have come to look upon my perpetual war for a non-standardized view of the Middle Ages, for readings from saints, weirdos, and outliers with exasperated good humor and a quick vote to maintain the status quo: a week of the Inferno, a week of Chaucer’s greatest hits. Done, and done. I never thought I’d argue the things I have in this job as strongly as I have argued them.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;When I accepted my job as a joint hire between an English de-partment and an Honors College that used a fairly conventional Great Books curriculum, I was excited to have a job and to be teaching the classics as well as my own research interests. But I quickly learned that there are some dangers and stressors in be-ing the only person who works on anything remotely premod-ern in a four-semester curriculum that dwells a year on ancient Roman  and  Greek  classics,  hurtles  over  the  Middle  Ages  after  two or three short weeks with Dante and Chaucer, and comes to rest heavily in the Renaissance and the Enlightenment. I quickly found  myself  saying  things  that  surprised  and  even  scared  my  colleagues as we discussed our curriculum and book lists every year with hopes of improving or innovating the hundred years’ culture war that is a Great Books curriculum.1 “Why not teach a saga instead of Dante?” I might say. Or: “Can we replace Chaucer with Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, or even Piers Plowman?” “No, I do not feel comfortable lecturing on the political climate that led to the creation of Virgil’s Aeneid — that’s why we need a classicist.”  “Can’t  we  add  another  medieval  text  and  remove  The  Golden  Ass?  Marie  de  France  can  cover  a  lot  of  the  same  ground.” And so on. My colleagues have come to look upon my perpetual war for a non-standardized view of the Middle Ages, for readings from saints, weirdos, and outliers with exasperated good humor and a quick vote to maintain the status quo: a week of the Inferno, a week of Chaucer’s greatest hits. Done, and done. I never thought I’d argue the things I have in this job as strongly as I have argued them.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Of sondry folk</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">What I Learned After My First Year as the Lone Medievalist on Campus</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Ann M. Martinez</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>Kent State University at Stark</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;My first month as an assistant professor was a whirlwind. There were  new  people  everywhere.  Faculty,  staff,  administrators...  everyone  was  very  welcoming,  and  they  all  wanted  to  get  to  know me, so they asked: “What do you work on?” And my I-just-finished-my-dissertation-and-still-have-a-lot-to-say-about-it brain  kicked  in.  I  responded:  “With  a  formalist  methodology  regarding  textual  analysis,  a  historicist  approach  to  literature’s  and  to  society’s  attitudes  about  nature,  and  an  ecocritical  lens,  I  examine  the  periodization  that  sets  the  Middle  Ages  against  other eras. This allows me to trace the extent to which attitudes toward  land  use,  landscape  beautification,  and  woodland  de-lineation developed within Middle English literature. These me-dieval perspectives are a crucially important pre-history to our modern views regarding the use, exploitation, and sustainability of the environment.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;My first month as an assistant professor was a whirlwind. There were  new  people  everywhere.  Faculty,  staff,  administrators...  everyone  was  very  welcoming,  and  they  all  wanted  to  get  to  know me, so they asked: “What do you work on?” And my I-just-finished-my-dissertation-and-still-have-a-lot-to-say-about-it brain  kicked  in.  I  responded:  “With  a  formalist  methodology  regarding  textual  analysis,  a  historicist  approach  to  literature’s  and  to  society’s  attitudes  about  nature,  and  an  ecocritical  lens,  I  examine  the  periodization  that  sets  the  Middle  Ages  against  other eras. This allows me to trace the extent to which attitudes toward  land  use,  landscape  beautification,  and  woodland  de-lineation developed within Middle English literature. These me-dieval perspectives are a crucially important pre-history to our modern views regarding the use, exploitation, and sustainability of the environment.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">The Collaborative Medievalist</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Courtney Rydel</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>Washington College</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;My  colleagues  who  work  in  theatre  have  taught  me  my  new  favorite  word:  collaboration.  Being  the  lone  medievalist  in  my  field at a small liberal arts college, I’ve learned to work on active collaborations  with  friends  in  fields  outside  medieval  studies.  We can meld our approaches into a process that works for both of  us,  since  collaboration  primarily  requires  working  together  closely  to  create  a  finished  product.  Starting  from  the  same  background knowledge does not matter. Coming together over shared  materials  —  while  appreciating  my  colleagues’  distinct  approaches  and  methodologies  —  has  reinvigorated  my  teach-ing and research, making possible different class projects, better class discussions, new research initiatives, and new classes and co-curricular opportunities.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;My  colleagues  who  work  in  theatre  have  taught  me  my  new  favorite  word:  collaboration.  Being  the  lone  medievalist  in  my  field at a small liberal arts college, I’ve learned to work on active collaborations  with  friends  in  fields  outside  medieval  studies.  We can meld our approaches into a process that works for both of  us,  since  collaboration  primarily  requires  working  together  closely  to  create  a  finished  product.  Starting  from  the  same  background knowledge does not matter. Coming together over shared  materials  —  while  appreciating  my  colleagues’  distinct  approaches  and  methodologies  —  has  reinvigorated  my  teach-ing and research, making possible different class projects, better class discussions, new research initiatives, and new classes and co-curricular opportunities.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Make Yourself at Home</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>John P. Sexton</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>Bridgewater State University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;When I landed my job in the Department of English at Bridge-water  State  University,  I  was  undeniably  a  bit  of  a  naïf.  This  wasn’t the fault of my graduate program, my dissertation direc-tors,  or  the  many  other  people  who  tried  to  help  me  find  my  way to professional readiness. And yet, when I received the all-important call from the then-Dean of Humanities offering me a position, I responded (as I’d been trained to do) by saying firmly, “Thank you so much for the offer. I’ll need to talk it over with my wife, of course...” and then continued, “Then I can call you back tomorrow to accept the offer.” I was, to put it mildly, not in a dominant bargaining position when I called back.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;When I landed my job in the Department of English at Bridge-water  State  University,  I  was  undeniably  a  bit  of  a  naïf.  This  wasn’t the fault of my graduate program, my dissertation direc-tors,  or  the  many  other  people  who  tried  to  help  me  find  my  way to professional readiness. And yet, when I received the all-important call from the then-Dean of Humanities offering me a position, I responded (as I’d been trained to do) by saying firmly, “Thank you so much for the offer. I’ll need to talk it over with my wife, of course...” and then continued, “Then I can call you back tomorrow to accept the offer.” I was, to put it mildly, not in a dominant bargaining position when I called back.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Notes from the North</TitleText>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;We  have  arrived  in  Norway.  On  the  trip  I  began  Mary  Woll-stonecraft’s 1796 Letters Written during a Short Residence in Swe-den,  Norway,  and  Denmark  (Broadwell,  excellent  edition)  and  have been inspired to write you real letters on real paper about our big adventure moving abroad and my new (first, real, per-manent) job. I am now officially associate (!!!) professor or the much more delicious title “førsteamanuensis” of English litera-ture in the Institute for Foreign Languages at the University of Bergen, Norway. The other languages in our department include French, Spanish, German, Arabic, Chinese, Japanese, Russian... both literature and linguistic sides. I have five other colleagues in English literature: total three for British, three for American (picture a buoy right in the middle of the Atlantic, demarcating the fields). No one has mentioned if medieval English literature was ever taught here before. Either it never was — or the institu-tional memory has been lost — or they want to forget — or they haven’t  thought  to  mention  whose  shoes  I  am  stepping  into.  Well, they are mine now.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;We  have  arrived  in  Norway.  On  the  trip  I  began  Mary  Woll-stonecraft’s 1796 Letters Written during a Short Residence in Swe-den,  Norway,  and  Denmark  (Broadwell,  excellent  edition)  and  have been inspired to write you real letters on real paper about our big adventure moving abroad and my new (first, real, per-manent) job. I am now officially associate (!!!) professor or the much more delicious title “førsteamanuensis” of English litera-ture in the Institute for Foreign Languages at the University of Bergen, Norway. The other languages in our department include French, Spanish, German, Arabic, Chinese, Japanese, Russian... both literature and linguistic sides. I have five other colleagues in English literature: total three for British, three for American (picture a buoy right in the middle of the Atlantic, demarcating the fields). No one has mentioned if medieval English literature was ever taught here before. Either it never was — or the institu-tional memory has been lost — or they want to forget — or they haven’t  thought  to  mention  whose  shoes  I  am  stepping  into.  Well, they are mine now.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Being a Medievalist in an A-medieval Country and in Region Overcrowded with Medievality</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Two Stories from Brasil and Western Balkans</Subtitle>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Being a medievalist in the Western Balkans, a place overcrowd-ed with medieval documents and monuments (and competing modern explanations of such documents and monuments), can lead a scholar to feel trapped in the midst of plenty. The feeling of isolation this causes is somewhat like the social isolation and loneliness many people experience in modern cities. The feeling is only heightened by the political determinism and interference that medievalists experience in places like the Western Balkans, where  almost  every  site  and  monument  of  medieval  signifi-cance is reclaimed from different countries. The medievalist of-ten  faces  a  politically  imposed  isolation  or  alienation,  wherein  even historians of neighboring countries try to avoid coopera-tion.  How  does  this  politically-imposed  isolation  compare  to  the  geographically  imposed  isolation  of  a  place  like  Brasil?  In  other words, how does a socio-politically created “lone” medievalist compare to the experience of a medievalist in a place far removed from the historical context she studies?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Being a medievalist in the Western Balkans, a place overcrowd-ed with medieval documents and monuments (and competing modern explanations of such documents and monuments), can lead a scholar to feel trapped in the midst of plenty. The feeling of isolation this causes is somewhat like the social isolation and loneliness many people experience in modern cities. The feeling is only heightened by the political determinism and interference that medievalists experience in places like the Western Balkans, where  almost  every  site  and  monument  of  medieval  signifi-cance is reclaimed from different countries. The medievalist of-ten  faces  a  politically  imposed  isolation  or  alienation,  wherein  even historians of neighboring countries try to avoid coopera-tion.  How  does  this  politically-imposed  isolation  compare  to  the  geographically  imposed  isolation  of  a  place  like  Brasil?  In  other words, how does a socio-politically created “lone” medievalist compare to the experience of a medievalist in a place far removed from the historical context she studies?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Is the Academic Medievalist Alone?</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Kouky J. Fianu</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The  trend  towards  a  “shrinking  past”1  is  undoubtedly  a  reality  that  those  of  us  working  in  American  and  Canadian  universi-ties  have  known  for  many  years  now.  Humanities  disciplines,  devoted more than others to the study of the past, have suffered inordinately from this situation. The result, one that we as me-dievalists  know  all  too  well,  is  that  we  end  up  being  the  sole  departmental expert on the entire pre-1700 (mostly European) world.  The  reasons  for  this  historiographical  downsizing  are  complex:  administrative  proclamations  of  declining  interest  in  the humanities in general are but one piece of the historical puz-zle. There is no need to enter into this debate here, though; what matters is the result. Where there used to be two, three or more medievalists, there is now barely one: a single soul who is often asked to also teach outside the period on more “relevant” issues. So, one it is. But does that make this sole specialist a lonely re-searcher? And is this a novelty?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The  trend  towards  a  “shrinking  past”1  is  undoubtedly  a  reality  that  those  of  us  working  in  American  and  Canadian  universi-ties  have  known  for  many  years  now.  Humanities  disciplines,  devoted more than others to the study of the past, have suffered inordinately from this situation. The result, one that we as me-dievalists  know  all  too  well,  is  that  we  end  up  being  the  sole  departmental expert on the entire pre-1700 (mostly European) world.  The  reasons  for  this  historiographical  downsizing  are  complex:  administrative  proclamations  of  declining  interest  in  the humanities in general are but one piece of the historical puz-zle. There is no need to enter into this debate here, though; what matters is the result. Where there used to be two, three or more medievalists, there is now barely one: a single soul who is often asked to also teach outside the period on more “relevant” issues. So, one it is. But does that make this sole specialist a lonely re-searcher? And is this a novelty?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">A Philosopher's Approach to Being a Lone Medievalist</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Pilar Herráiz Oliva</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Pilar Herráiz</NamesBeforeKey>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;First  of  all,  I  should  say  that  I  am  a  philosopher.  If  medieval-ists  have  a  bad  reputation  anywhere,  that  is  in  philosophy.  At  least, that is how I felt in the beginning. That is how I have been feeling  up  to  this  point.  The  problem  lies  mostly  with  people’s  conceptions regarding the Middle Ages: a sort of dark, historical parentheses  whose  content  remains  mostly  unknown.  No  sur-prises here. Anyway, my intention here is not to complain about other people’s thoughts, but most importantly to share my own. Thus, I will start by what it was or what it is to be a medievalist within my academic environment, that is, in my experience, but I will also try to briefly provide our field with some constructive ideas in order to face the “I am a lone medievalist” issue.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;First  of  all,  I  should  say  that  I  am  a  philosopher.  If  medieval-ists  have  a  bad  reputation  anywhere,  that  is  in  philosophy.  At  least, that is how I felt in the beginning. That is how I have been feeling  up  to  this  point.  The  problem  lies  mostly  with  people’s  conceptions regarding the Middle Ages: a sort of dark, historical parentheses  whose  content  remains  mostly  unknown.  No  sur-prises here. Anyway, my intention here is not to complain about other people’s thoughts, but most importantly to share my own. Thus, I will start by what it was or what it is to be a medievalist within my academic environment, that is, in my experience, but I will also try to briefly provide our field with some constructive ideas in order to face the “I am a lone medievalist” issue.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">A Lone Medievalist on the Island</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Christine E. Kozikowski</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Discovering a medieval French cloister in the Bahamas was one of the most surprising moments of my first semester of working at  The  College  of  the  Bahamas  (COB),  where  I  thought  I  cor-nered  the  market  on  the  Middle  Ages.  This  fourteenth-centu-ry  re-formed  cloister  and  the  talk  given  by  William  Whobrey  from  Yale  was  a  reminder  that  the  medievalist  world  is  not  so  small.  This  closeness  was  also  reminder  of  my  scholarly  iden-tity in the midst of the complete and utter difference of my new situation at a college where I am the first and only medievalist. Transitioning  from  a  large  R1  university  with  active  medieval  programs in history, literature, Spanish, and French to a college whose programs focus on postcolonial Caribbean development was, while not unexpected, still a bit of a shock to my senses. My employment at COB has provided not only a number of unique experiences  as  faculty  but  it  has  also  given  me  a  new  perspec-tive  on  teaching  medieval  literature,  as  well  as  opportunities  for research and development that would have never arisen if I weren’t a lone medievalist.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Discovering a medieval French cloister in the Bahamas was one of the most surprising moments of my first semester of working at  The  College  of  the  Bahamas  (COB),  where  I  thought  I  cor-nered  the  market  on  the  Middle  Ages.  This  fourteenth-centu-ry  re-formed  cloister  and  the  talk  given  by  William  Whobrey  from  Yale  was  a  reminder  that  the  medievalist  world  is  not  so  small.  This  closeness  was  also  reminder  of  my  scholarly  iden-tity in the midst of the complete and utter difference of my new situation at a college where I am the first and only medievalist. Transitioning  from  a  large  R1  university  with  active  medieval  programs in history, literature, Spanish, and French to a college whose programs focus on postcolonial Caribbean development was, while not unexpected, still a bit of a shock to my senses. My employment at COB has provided not only a number of unique experiences  as  faculty  but  it  has  also  given  me  a  new  perspec-tive  on  teaching  medieval  literature,  as  well  as  opportunities  for research and development that would have never arisen if I weren’t a lone medievalist.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Are you a Lone Medievalist?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Working medievalists are often the only scholar of the Middle Ages in a department, a university, or a hundred-mile radius. While working to build a body of focused scholarly work, the lone medievalist is expected to be a generalist in the classroom and a contributing member of a campus community that rarely offers disciplinary community in return. As a result, overtasked and single medievalists often find it challenging to advocate for their work and field.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;As other responsibilities and expectations crowd in, we come to feel disconnected from the projects and subjects that sustain our intellectual passion. An insidious isolation even from one another creeps in, and soon, even attending a conference of fellow medievalists can become a lonely experience. Surrounded by scholars with greater institutional support, lower teaching loads, or more robust research agendas, we may feel alienated from our work — the work to which we’ve dedicated our careers.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Hi. Are you a Lone Medievalist?This  volume  is  a  sequel,  of  sorts,  to  an  ongoing  series  of  round  tables  at  the  International  Congress  on  Medieval  Stud-ies held at Western Michigan University, beginning in 2015. The impetus  for  those  sessions,  and  for  this  book,  is  the  sense  of  isolation many medieval scholars feel in their professional lives. Often the only scholar of the period in their departments, their universities, or their surrounding area, medievalists can find it challenging to advocate for their work and field. The problem is only more pronounced for the medievalist in an adjunct teach-ing position or without an institutional position at all. When we work alone among colleagues, teach mostly (or entirely) outside our specializations, and compete with “more easily” understood or well-funded research, it is easy to feel disconnected from the larger discipline of medieval studies. Our scholarly production slows or ceases. Our language skills atrophy. Our knowledge os-sifies. Soon, even attending a conference of fellow medievalists can feel isolating. Surrounded by scholars with greater institu-tional  support,  lower  teaching  loads,  or  more  robust  research  agendas,  we  may  feel  alienated  from  the  field  we  love  —  the  work to which we’ve dedicated our careers.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Hi. Are you a Lone Medievalist?This  volume  is  a  sequel,  of  sorts,  to  an  ongoing  series  of  round  tables  at  the  International  Congress  on  Medieval  Stud-ies held at Western Michigan University, beginning in 2015. The impetus  for  those  sessions,  and  for  this  book,  is  the  sense  of  isolation many medieval scholars feel in their professional lives. Often the only scholar of the period in their departments, their universities, or their surrounding area, medievalists can find it challenging to advocate for their work and field. The problem is only more pronounced for the medievalist in an adjunct teach-ing position or without an institutional position at all. When we work alone among colleagues, teach mostly (or entirely) outside our specializations, and compete with “more easily” understood or well-funded research, it is easy to feel disconnected from the larger discipline of medieval studies. Our scholarly production slows or ceases. Our language skills atrophy. Our knowledge os-sifies. Soon, even attending a conference of fellow medievalists can feel isolating. Surrounded by scholars with greater institu-tional  support,  lower  teaching  loads,  or  more  robust  research  agendas,  we  may  feel  alienated  from  the  field  we  love  —  the  work to which we’ve dedicated our careers.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;When  we  first  attended  the  International  Congress  for  Medi-eval Studies in 2013, we had just begun to dip our toes into the expansive world of Medieval Studies. When we returned home we were so inspired that we both began extensively studying the Middle  Ages  and  founded  the  Bemidji  State  University  Medi-eval Club. Within months we had a solid community of medi-evalists and we felt at home. In 2015 at the 50th Annual Interna-tional  Congress  for  Medieval  Studies,  we  attended  the  “Ballad  of  the  Lone  Medievalist”  panel  hosted  by  Dr.  Kisha  Tracy  of  Fitchburg State University and Dr. John Sexton of Bridgewater State University. We were astonished by how many medievalists felt alone at their universities. Didn’t everyone have a colleague who  studied  medieval  scholarship  on  their  campus?  The  sur-prising answer was no. It was our understanding that the Lone Medievalist project, founded by Dr. Tracy and Dr. Sexton, began with the intent of creating a series of panels and publications to connect medievalists from around the world. We recognized the Lone Medievalist project’s need for a more substantial commu-nity  outside  of  the  short  amount  of  time  allotted  them  at  con-ferences. We thought a good basis would be to create a virtual community  that  emulated  what  we  felt  on  our  home  campus.  Sarah  then  suggested  an  online  hub  which  would  allow  medi-eval scholars to join together, share in discussion, trade syllabi, and connect for conferences. The next thing we knew we were having lunch with Dr. Tracy and Dr. Sexton and were exploring the idea further. We left our meeting with the go-ahead to get a website up and running for The Lone Medievalist.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;When  we  first  attended  the  International  Congress  for  Medi-eval Studies in 2013, we had just begun to dip our toes into the expansive world of Medieval Studies. When we returned home we were so inspired that we both began extensively studying the Middle  Ages  and  founded  the  Bemidji  State  University  Medi-eval Club. Within months we had a solid community of medi-evalists and we felt at home. In 2015 at the 50th Annual Interna-tional  Congress  for  Medieval  Studies,  we  attended  the  “Ballad  of  the  Lone  Medievalist”  panel  hosted  by  Dr.  Kisha  Tracy  of  Fitchburg State University and Dr. John Sexton of Bridgewater State University. We were astonished by how many medievalists felt alone at their universities. Didn’t everyone have a colleague who  studied  medieval  scholarship  on  their  campus?  The  sur-prising answer was no. It was our understanding that the Lone Medievalist project, founded by Dr. Tracy and Dr. Sexton, began with the intent of creating a series of panels and publications to connect medievalists from around the world. We recognized the Lone Medievalist project’s need for a more substantial commu-nity  outside  of  the  short  amount  of  time  allotted  them  at  con-ferences. We thought a good basis would be to create a virtual community  that  emulated  what  we  felt  on  our  home  campus.  Sarah  then  suggested  an  online  hub  which  would  allow  medi-eval scholars to join together, share in discussion, trade syllabi, and connect for conferences. The next thing we knew we were having lunch with Dr. Tracy and Dr. Sexton and were exploring the idea further. We left our meeting with the go-ahead to get a website up and running for The Lone Medievalist.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <PersonName>Peter Burkholder</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;It’s perhaps inevitable for medievalists to feel a bit isolated. The very  terms  “medieval”  and  “Middle  Ages”  hardly  conjure  up  positive  images  among  the  general  public  and  even  our  non-brethren   academics,   resulting   in   such   negative   stereotypes   towards  the  field  that  meaningful  discourse  can  end  before  it  even  begins.  When  not  surrounded  by  kindred  specialists,  it’s  tempting to empathize with pre-millennial Irish monks sailing out bravely into the North Atlantic, pretending the professional solitude is precisely what we seek, even if it isn’t. Those who study the Middle Ages could be forgiven for feel-ing that their situation is unique, that no one else could possibly understand  the  seclusion  which  comes  with  studying  societies  long  ago  and  far  away,  with  trying  to  appreciate  mindsets  and  worldviews of people who often thought in fundamentally dif-ferent, even perplexing ways. What else to do but don our emo-tional armor and carry on as academic outliers?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;It’s perhaps inevitable for medievalists to feel a bit isolated. The very  terms  “medieval”  and  “Middle  Ages”  hardly  conjure  up  positive  images  among  the  general  public  and  even  our  non-brethren   academics,   resulting   in   such   negative   stereotypes   towards  the  field  that  meaningful  discourse  can  end  before  it  even  begins.  When  not  surrounded  by  kindred  specialists,  it’s  tempting to empathize with pre-millennial Irish monks sailing out bravely into the North Atlantic, pretending the professional solitude is precisely what we seek, even if it isn’t. Those who study the Middle Ages could be forgiven for feel-ing that their situation is unique, that no one else could possibly understand  the  seclusion  which  comes  with  studying  societies  long  ago  and  far  away,  with  trying  to  appreciate  mindsets  and  worldviews of people who often thought in fundamentally dif-ferent, even perplexing ways. What else to do but don our emo-tional armor and carry on as academic outliers?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Keeping It Old-School on the New Faculty Majority</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Geoffrey B. Elliott</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;I  have  the  good  fortune  to  teach  in  an  English  department  at  a  Big  12  school.  While  it  is  not  as  well-funded  as,  say,  the  me-chanical engineering department or any of the departments in the  business  school,  it  does  have  a  fair  bit  of  resources  avail-able. Tenured and tenure-track faculty members are eligible for travel  support,  research  grants,  sabbaticals,  and  college-  and  university-wide awards that carry substantial stipends. Training programs  and  continuing  education  opportunities  are  widely  available,  as  well,  and  the  building  in  which  the  department  is  housed  is  one  of  the  oldest  on  campus,  constructed  in  a  fine  style and solid enough to withstand tornadoes and earthquakes.Adding my voice to the Ballad may be a bit of an oddity, as I  am  not  the  only  medievalist  in  the  department.  There  is  one  other, a tenured associate professor who specializes in Old Eng-lish. I am the only member of the department who specializes in Middle English, however, and the only one among the many contingent  faculty  in  the  department  who  specializes  in  me-dieval  literature  of  any  sort.  While  I  am  privileged  among  the  academic precariat — I have office space in which to meet with students, a desk and computer with which to do at least some of the work involved in my position, an annual contract that lends itself to renewal, and some health care benefits — I am nonethe-less  in  a  position  that  typically  has  me  teach  so-called  service  courses.  In  my  time  in  my  current  position,  I  have  only  once  been assigned to teach a class that explicitly includes my area of expertise:  a  sophomore-level  survey  of  British  literature,  span-ning its beginnings through 1800. In such a course, I could give no more than a few weeks to my general area of expertise and even less to my specialty of Malory and his transmission.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;I  have  the  good  fortune  to  teach  in  an  English  department  at  a  Big  12  school.  While  it  is  not  as  well-funded  as,  say,  the  me-chanical engineering department or any of the departments in the  business  school,  it  does  have  a  fair  bit  of  resources  avail-able. Tenured and tenure-track faculty members are eligible for travel  support,  research  grants,  sabbaticals,  and  college-  and  university-wide awards that carry substantial stipends. Training programs  and  continuing  education  opportunities  are  widely  available,  as  well,  and  the  building  in  which  the  department  is  housed  is  one  of  the  oldest  on  campus,  constructed  in  a  fine  style and solid enough to withstand tornadoes and earthquakes.Adding my voice to the Ballad may be a bit of an oddity, as I  am  not  the  only  medievalist  in  the  department.  There  is  one  other, a tenured associate professor who specializes in Old Eng-lish. I am the only member of the department who specializes in Middle English, however, and the only one among the many contingent  faculty  in  the  department  who  specializes  in  me-dieval  literature  of  any  sort.  While  I  am  privileged  among  the  academic precariat — I have office space in which to meet with students, a desk and computer with which to do at least some of the work involved in my position, an annual contract that lends itself to renewal, and some health care benefits — I am nonethe-less  in  a  position  that  typically  has  me  teach  so-called  service  courses.  In  my  time  in  my  current  position,  I  have  only  once  been assigned to teach a class that explicitly includes my area of expertise:  a  sophomore-level  survey  of  British  literature,  span-ning its beginnings through 1800. In such a course, I could give no more than a few weeks to my general area of expertise and even less to my specialty of Malory and his transmission.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Interdisciplinary/Team Teaching and the Lone Medievalist</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Natalie Grinnell</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Being  the  only  medievalist  on  one’s  campus  can  be  lonely,  not  because  one’s  colleagues  are  unwelcoming  or  uncollegial,  but  because the language of our intellectual passion is missing from campus. It’s not merely that those around us are not reading the same journals or attending the same conferences that we enjoy, but  that  their  very  definition  of  medieval  is  likely  to  be  far  re-moved from what we actually study, given medievalism’s power-ful influence on the portrayal of the Middle Ages in contempo-rary literature, film, and pop culture. Moreover, when it comes to the humanities, current political forces, with their emphases on the practicality of a college degree, are far more likely to pro-mote the study of modern languages, politics, and religion than their medieval cousins, reaching across cultures geographically, but less often temporally. As a result, the lone medievalist may come to feel isolated, and even unappreciated, regardless of his or her actual rank or relationships with fellow faculty.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Being  the  only  medievalist  on  one’s  campus  can  be  lonely,  not  because  one’s  colleagues  are  unwelcoming  or  uncollegial,  but  because the language of our intellectual passion is missing from campus. It’s not merely that those around us are not reading the same journals or attending the same conferences that we enjoy, but  that  their  very  definition  of  medieval  is  likely  to  be  far  re-moved from what we actually study, given medievalism’s power-ful influence on the portrayal of the Middle Ages in contempo-rary literature, film, and pop culture. Moreover, when it comes to the humanities, current political forces, with their emphases on the practicality of a college degree, are far more likely to pro-mote the study of modern languages, politics, and religion than their medieval cousins, reaching across cultures geographically, but less often temporally. As a result, the lone medievalist may come to feel isolated, and even unappreciated, regardless of his or her actual rank or relationships with fellow faculty.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">And Gladly Wolde He Teche</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Robert Kellerman</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>University of Maine at Augusta</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;When  I  was  hired  on  the  tenure  track  by  University  of  Maine  at Augusta, a small branch of Maine’s public university system, there  were  no  courses  in  medieval  or  Renaissance  literature  at  all  other  than  the  ubiquitous  Shakespeare  course  that  was  taught by the British literature specialist. The job advertisement for my position simply stated that the English program sought a candidate to teach “composition and literature,” with no par-ticular specialization attached to the position. On being hired, I was thus in the enviable position of proposing and creating the courses in my field that I then taught; in essence, I filled a posi-tion that I subsequently designed to my own specifications. I am extremely  grateful  that  my  colleagues  were  enthusiastic  about  having the curriculum augmented with courses in early English literature.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;When  I  was  hired  on  the  tenure  track  by  University  of  Maine  at Augusta, a small branch of Maine’s public university system, there  were  no  courses  in  medieval  or  Renaissance  literature  at  all  other  than  the  ubiquitous  Shakespeare  course  that  was  taught by the British literature specialist. The job advertisement for my position simply stated that the English program sought a candidate to teach “composition and literature,” with no par-ticular specialization attached to the position. On being hired, I was thus in the enviable position of proposing and creating the courses in my field that I then taught; in essence, I filled a posi-tion that I subsequently designed to my own specifications. I am extremely  grateful  that  my  colleagues  were  enthusiastic  about  having the curriculum augmented with courses in early English literature.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">I Know! Let's Put on a Show!</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Robert Stauffer</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>Dominican University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Perhaps  one  of  the  earliest  narrative  tropes  I  encountered  was  the one where a group of kids try to save the orphanage, or their parents’ homes, or the school by putting on a show. I still have a clear image of a five- or six-year-old Spanky, dressed as a Ro-man soldier, reciting Mark Antony’s speech from Shakespeare’s Julius  Caesar,  while  trying  to  dodge  spitballs  from  his  friends  and the domineering of his overprotective mother. By bringing down the house (quite literally, of course) he was able to win the prize so the young girl with stage fright could buy a new dress.1The trope was made famous in Rodgers and Hart’s musical com-edy, Babes in Arms, starring Mickey Rooney and Judy Garland, and the two actors made quite a few movies featuring this plot device. I guess having had this story line run through my head so many times as a kid, it sank in and resurfaces every now and again as something I would like to try. So when I encountered trouble  getting  students  and  colleagues  interested  in  the  work  featured  in  my  dissertation,  the  old  trope  naturally  sprang  to  mind.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Perhaps  one  of  the  earliest  narrative  tropes  I  encountered  was  the one where a group of kids try to save the orphanage, or their parents’ homes, or the school by putting on a show. I still have a clear image of a five- or six-year-old Spanky, dressed as a Ro-man soldier, reciting Mark Antony’s speech from Shakespeare’s Julius  Caesar,  while  trying  to  dodge  spitballs  from  his  friends  and the domineering of his overprotective mother. By bringing down the house (quite literally, of course) he was able to win the prize so the young girl with stage fright could buy a new dress.1The trope was made famous in Rodgers and Hart’s musical com-edy, Babes in Arms, starring Mickey Rooney and Judy Garland, and the two actors made quite a few movies featuring this plot device. I guess having had this story line run through my head so many times as a kid, it sank in and resurfaces every now and again as something I would like to try. So when I encountered trouble  getting  students  and  colleagues  interested  in  the  work  featured  in  my  dissertation,  the  old  trope  naturally  sprang  to  mind.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Perpetual Invention and Performance-Based Research</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">The Case of The Ballad of Robin Hood and the Potter</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Carolyn Coulson</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>Shenandoah University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;When I was in graduate school, I had a secret, albeit not a very well-kept  one.  Before  I  moved  across  the  country  to  study  the  Middle Ages, I was an actor and director, working consistently in California’s regional theaters. I had always been torn between my creative instincts and my intellectual pursuits, and, when I entered my MA program, I thought that intellect had prevailed and I had left theater behind for good. I remember that, when my  peers  in  the  English  department  would  lament  the  state  of  the  academic  job  market,  I  would  shrug  and  think,  “I  was  an  actor. The job market doesn’t get worse than that.” I am not sure if I ever said it out loud after the first month because my experi-ence as a theater practitioner was alien to most of my peers and professors.  It  was  not  academic.  It  was  not  literary.  It  was  not  historical. Even to me, it seemed to have little relevance to my new field, except for lending me some comfort in front of a class of  undergraduates.  My  past,  therefore,  was  essentially  erased,  and I reinvented myself as an academic.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;When I was in graduate school, I had a secret, albeit not a very well-kept  one.  Before  I  moved  across  the  country  to  study  the  Middle Ages, I was an actor and director, working consistently in California’s regional theaters. I had always been torn between my creative instincts and my intellectual pursuits, and, when I entered my MA program, I thought that intellect had prevailed and I had left theater behind for good. I remember that, when my  peers  in  the  English  department  would  lament  the  state  of  the  academic  job  market,  I  would  shrug  and  think,  “I  was  an  actor. The job market doesn’t get worse than that.” I am not sure if I ever said it out loud after the first month because my experi-ence as a theater practitioner was alien to most of my peers and professors.  It  was  not  academic.  It  was  not  literary.  It  was  not  historical. Even to me, it seemed to have little relevance to my new field, except for lending me some comfort in front of a class of  undergraduates.  My  past,  therefore,  was  essentially  erased,  and I reinvented myself as an academic.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">What's the Message?</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Building Community through Tolkien's Beowulf</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Holly M. Wendt</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;When I was asked to participate in a series of summer book talks, I had a number of decisions to make. The first — to participate at all — was easy. As a faculty member finishing up the first year on the tenure track at a new campus, I jumped at the chance to take part in a long-running partnership between my institution and an active, engaged local community. The second decision — the book  —  was  far  more  difficult.  The  series’  scope  ranged  wide;  the  other  texts  on  the  schedule  leaned  heavily  toward  history,  biography,  and  accessible  social  and  natural  science.  As  some-one  whose  academic  interests  and  teaching  responsibilities  lay  evenly split between creative writing and medieval literature, I was,  like  Chaucer’s  Troilus,  in  kankedort.1  But  I  found  resolu-tion in J.R.R. Tolkien’s translation of Beowulf. Tolkien’s Beowulfstruck  the  right  balance  of  intellectually  interesting  and  more  broadly  appealing;  if  Beowulf  itself  didn’t  draw  people  in,  per-haps Tolkien’s name might. The Hobbit film franchise, after all, had just drawn to a close, and the bulk of the book talk attendees would be seniors. If they had children, those children would have been of an age to discover Tolkien’s creative works in their youth.  This  audience,  too,  might  have  better  memory  of  Peter  Jackson’s screen adaptation of the Lord of the Rings trilogy than my current sophomores, who were only four years old when the first movie came out.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;When I was asked to participate in a series of summer book talks, I had a number of decisions to make. The first — to participate at all — was easy. As a faculty member finishing up the first year on the tenure track at a new campus, I jumped at the chance to take part in a long-running partnership between my institution and an active, engaged local community. The second decision — the book  —  was  far  more  difficult.  The  series’  scope  ranged  wide;  the  other  texts  on  the  schedule  leaned  heavily  toward  history,  biography,  and  accessible  social  and  natural  science.  As  some-one  whose  academic  interests  and  teaching  responsibilities  lay  evenly split between creative writing and medieval literature, I was,  like  Chaucer’s  Troilus,  in  kankedort.1  But  I  found  resolu-tion in J.R.R. Tolkien’s translation of Beowulf. Tolkien’s Beowulfstruck  the  right  balance  of  intellectually  interesting  and  more  broadly  appealing;  if  Beowulf  itself  didn’t  draw  people  in,  per-haps Tolkien’s name might. The Hobbit film franchise, after all, had just drawn to a close, and the bulk of the book talk attendees would be seniors. If they had children, those children would have been of an age to discover Tolkien’s creative works in their youth.  This  audience,  too,  might  have  better  memory  of  Peter  Jackson’s screen adaptation of the Lord of the Rings trilogy than my current sophomores, who were only four years old when the first movie came out.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Why Read That?</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Selling the Middle Ages</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Diane Cady</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>Mills College</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;As medievalists, we often do our training in graduate programs with several medievalists on staff, only to find ourselves teach-ing  in  places  where  we  are  the  lone  medievalists.  As  a  conse-quence, we may find ourselves fielding questions from students, colleagues,  and  administrators  about  the  value  —  cultural,  aes-thetic and economic — of studying the Middle Ages. I remem-ber  one  such  question  early  in  my  career,  during  my  first  se-mester at Mills College, a small liberal arts college in Oakland, California,  with  a  woman-identified,  undergraduate  popula-tion. How, a student asked, could I love Chaucer? Initially, her question  surprised  me:  I  not  only  love  Chaucer,  but  also  often  wonder how anyone could not love Chaucer. Yet, I also under-stood the source of her question. We had just finished reading “The  Reeve’s  Tale,”  a  short  and  troubling  story  that,  like  many  of the Canterbury Tales, presents women’s bodies as the terrain on which male rivalry is fought. Does teaching such stories per-petuate the idea that sexual violence is inevitable? Does it repro-duce misogyny and gender bias, she pressed? What value, if any, do texts like these hold for us as readers today?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;As medievalists, we often do our training in graduate programs with several medievalists on staff, only to find ourselves teach-ing  in  places  where  we  are  the  lone  medievalists.  As  a  conse-quence, we may find ourselves fielding questions from students, colleagues,  and  administrators  about  the  value  —  cultural,  aes-thetic and economic — of studying the Middle Ages. I remem-ber  one  such  question  early  in  my  career,  during  my  first  se-mester at Mills College, a small liberal arts college in Oakland, California,  with  a  woman-identified,  undergraduate  popula-tion. How, a student asked, could I love Chaucer? Initially, her question  surprised  me:  I  not  only  love  Chaucer,  but  also  often  wonder how anyone could not love Chaucer. Yet, I also under-stood the source of her question. We had just finished reading “The  Reeve’s  Tale,”  a  short  and  troubling  story  that,  like  many  of the Canterbury Tales, presents women’s bodies as the terrain on which male rivalry is fought. Does teaching such stories per-petuate the idea that sexual violence is inevitable? Does it repro-duce misogyny and gender bias, she pressed? What value, if any, do texts like these hold for us as readers today?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">A Trip to England</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Discovering the Ties between Medievalism and Pop Culture</Subtitle>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In  early  March  of  2014,  a  group  of  eager  undergraduate  stu-dents  sat  huddled  in  a  classroom  at  Fitchburg  State  University  discussing with ill-disguised excitement the trivial fact that The Hobbit:  The  Desolation  of  Smaug  might  be  a  screening  option  on  the  plane  to  England.  Our  Lone  Medievalist  —  our  study  abroad course instructor — listened with an amused expression. The  following  night  we  boarded  said  plane  to  embark  on  our  adventure to walk in the footsteps of medieval England. As we moved  through  the  country  it  became  clear  that  there  was  an  indisputable link between the medieval sites we visited and the fan culture that we so thoroughly immersed ourselves in daily. Not  a  single  day  passed  during  which  we  failed  to  find  a  link  between the medieval past and contemporary “nerd-dom.” In a trip that lasted the duration of nine days, we learned that, while the  world  of  academia  may  marginalize  medieval  scholars  in  favor  of  contemporary  scholars,  the  world  of  popular  culture  embraces and profits from the fascinating and diverse stores of medieval culture.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In  early  March  of  2014,  a  group  of  eager  undergraduate  stu-dents  sat  huddled  in  a  classroom  at  Fitchburg  State  University  discussing with ill-disguised excitement the trivial fact that The Hobbit:  The  Desolation  of  Smaug  might  be  a  screening  option  on  the  plane  to  England.  Our  Lone  Medievalist  —  our  study  abroad course instructor — listened with an amused expression. The  following  night  we  boarded  said  plane  to  embark  on  our  adventure to walk in the footsteps of medieval England. As we moved  through  the  country  it  became  clear  that  there  was  an  indisputable link between the medieval sites we visited and the fan culture that we so thoroughly immersed ourselves in daily. Not  a  single  day  passed  during  which  we  failed  to  find  a  link  between the medieval past and contemporary “nerd-dom.” In a trip that lasted the duration of nine days, we learned that, while the  world  of  academia  may  marginalize  medieval  scholars  in  favor  of  contemporary  scholars,  the  world  of  popular  culture  embraces and profits from the fascinating and diverse stores of medieval culture.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <PersonName>Girard, Danielle</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">From the Monk's Cell to the Professor's Office</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Kisha G. Tracy</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Despite  the  title  of  this  essay,  I  am  not  going  to  spend  much  time  in  the  monk’s  cell  —  this  regardless  of  the  common  hab-it  of  equating  academics  with  monks,  generally  with  negative  connotations. This image was evoked by Nicholas Kristof in his much-discussed (by academics at least) New York Times article, “Professors, We Need You!,” advocating for public engagement by academics in less arcane language. He ends with the cry, “So, professors,  don’t  cloister  yourselves  like  medieval  monks  —  we  need you!”1 Earlier, he defines what this “cloistering” means: “A basic  challenge  is  that  Ph.D.  programs  have  fostered  a  culture  that  glorifies  arcane  unintelligibility  while  disdaining  impact  and audience. This culture of exclusivity is then transmitted to the  next  generation  through  the  publish-or-perish  tenure  pro-cess.  Rebels  are  too  often  crushed  or  driven  away.”  Essentially,  he  is  denigrating,  if  not  the  lone  medievalist  by  name,  then  certainly  the  lone  academic.  With  due  respect  to  Mr.  Kristof,  he clearly has not been a student of medieval studies. Peter Buchanan offers a reply to Kristof ’s article on his blog Phenomenal Anglo-Saxons that cannot fail to make a medievalist smile — if not smirk. He writes, “And since my PhD is in medieval studies, it’s not clear that he would want me [...] although I could at the very least let him know that medieval monks were often active figures in their world, preserving and transmitting knowledge, producing art and literature, and serving as public intellectuals shaping  the  course  of  local  and  international  political  affairs.”2Of course, such a discussion would necessarily get into eremitic vs.  cenobitic  monastic  traditions,  the  various  rules  of  orders,  and the determination of the effects monks had on public life. Nonetheless, Buchanan’s response is well-aimed.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Despite  the  title  of  this  essay,  I  am  not  going  to  spend  much  time  in  the  monk’s  cell  —  this  regardless  of  the  common  hab-it  of  equating  academics  with  monks,  generally  with  negative  connotations. This image was evoked by Nicholas Kristof in his much-discussed (by academics at least) New York Times article, “Professors, We Need You!,” advocating for public engagement by academics in less arcane language. He ends with the cry, “So, professors,  don’t  cloister  yourselves  like  medieval  monks  —  we  need you!”1 Earlier, he defines what this “cloistering” means: “A basic  challenge  is  that  Ph.D.  programs  have  fostered  a  culture  that  glorifies  arcane  unintelligibility  while  disdaining  impact  and audience. This culture of exclusivity is then transmitted to the  next  generation  through  the  publish-or-perish  tenure  pro-cess.  Rebels  are  too  often  crushed  or  driven  away.”  Essentially,  he  is  denigrating,  if  not  the  lone  medievalist  by  name,  then  certainly  the  lone  academic.  With  due  respect  to  Mr.  Kristof,  he clearly has not been a student of medieval studies. Peter Buchanan offers a reply to Kristof ’s article on his blog Phenomenal Anglo-Saxons that cannot fail to make a medievalist smile — if not smirk. He writes, “And since my PhD is in medieval studies, it’s not clear that he would want me [...] although I could at the very least let him know that medieval monks were often active figures in their world, preserving and transmitting knowledge, producing art and literature, and serving as public intellectuals shaping  the  course  of  local  and  international  political  affairs.”2Of course, such a discussion would necessarily get into eremitic vs.  cenobitic  monastic  traditions,  the  various  rules  of  orders,  and the determination of the effects monks had on public life. Nonetheless, Buchanan’s response is well-aimed.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Embracing the Medievalist Margin</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Alicia Spencer-Hall</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;LondonWhat a loaded phrase it is, “the Middle Ages.” What does it de-note, exactly? Medievalists have long critiqued the terminology as  an  empty  —  and  intellectually  partisan  —  marker  of  other-ness.1 Certainly, the term is useful for historicists, classicists, and modernists as a delimiter of the end of the age of Antiquity and the beginning of the Renaissance. Yet, the phrase is tainted for researchers in the medieval trenches, actively working to demonstrate  the  fecundity  and  importance  of  the  period  to  intel-lectual and cultural history. The formulation itself, “the Middle Ages,”  deflect  us  from  the  temporal  period  supposedly  under  study: what are those ages in the “middle” of ? The Middle Ages, paradoxically, take center-stage in their function as the margins of  other  more  exciting  periods  of  study.  Without  the  essential  instrument  of  “the  Middle  Ages,”  modernists  and  Classicists  would  struggle  to  frame  their  own  work.  Even  the  adjectival  form, “medieval,” offers us few benefits. As Margreta de Grazia notes,  the  term  “medieval”  “works  less  as  a  historical  marker  than a massive value judgement, determining what matters and what does not”.2 To research the Middle Ages, to be a medieval-ist,  is  to  be  irrevocably  tied  to  “a  millennium  of  middleness,”  and to exist “in the [marginalized] middle” in our professional academic lives.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;LondonWhat a loaded phrase it is, “the Middle Ages.” What does it de-note, exactly? Medievalists have long critiqued the terminology as  an  empty  —  and  intellectually  partisan  —  marker  of  other-ness.1 Certainly, the term is useful for historicists, classicists, and modernists as a delimiter of the end of the age of Antiquity and the beginning of the Renaissance. Yet, the phrase is tainted for researchers in the medieval trenches, actively working to demonstrate  the  fecundity  and  importance  of  the  period  to  intel-lectual and cultural history. The formulation itself, “the Middle Ages,”  deflect  us  from  the  temporal  period  supposedly  under  study: what are those ages in the “middle” of ? The Middle Ages, paradoxically, take center-stage in their function as the margins of  other  more  exciting  periods  of  study.  Without  the  essential  instrument  of  “the  Middle  Ages,”  modernists  and  Classicists  would  struggle  to  frame  their  own  work.  Even  the  adjectival  form, “medieval,” offers us few benefits. As Margreta de Grazia notes,  the  term  “medieval”  “works  less  as  a  historical  marker  than a massive value judgement, determining what matters and what does not”.2 To research the Middle Ages, to be a medieval-ist,  is  to  be  irrevocably  tied  to  “a  millennium  of  middleness,”  and to exist “in the [marginalized] middle” in our professional academic lives.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">The Medievalist's Soliloquy</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Struggles and Advice for Lone Medievalists</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Tiffany A. Ziegler</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>Midwestern State University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Many scholars of medieval studies enter their first job after leav-ing  supportive  graduate  programs  where  other  graduate  stu-dents  understood  their  woes.  Once  teaching  at  an  institution  where scholarly studies may not be a priority, many quickly dis-cover that they do not have much time, especially for research and writing. Moreover, they lack the supportive community that they  once  had.1  As  a  lone  medievalist,  the  struggle  to  produce  scholarship  and  writing  is  difficult  and  complicated.  Creating  classes, curriculum planning, committee work, etc., all eventu-ally become routine. Sadly, the same cannot be said of research. From lack of library resources, to the reliance on oneself as an audience,  the  research  process  proves  to  be  difficult.  Despite  these obstacles there are a number of ways to better facilitate re-searching and writing while still performing one’s teaching duties as the lone medievalist. The solutions and advice2 — focus-ing  on  the  categories  of  research  and  collegiality  —  draw  from  The Rule of Saint Augustine. The solitary medieval monk serves as a surprising parallel to modern lone medievalist.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Many scholars of medieval studies enter their first job after leav-ing  supportive  graduate  programs  where  other  graduate  stu-dents  understood  their  woes.  Once  teaching  at  an  institution  where scholarly studies may not be a priority, many quickly dis-cover that they do not have much time, especially for research and writing. Moreover, they lack the supportive community that they  once  had.1  As  a  lone  medievalist,  the  struggle  to  produce  scholarship  and  writing  is  difficult  and  complicated.  Creating  classes, curriculum planning, committee work, etc., all eventu-ally become routine. Sadly, the same cannot be said of research. From lack of library resources, to the reliance on oneself as an audience,  the  research  process  proves  to  be  difficult.  Despite  these obstacles there are a number of ways to better facilitate re-searching and writing while still performing one’s teaching duties as the lone medievalist. The solutions and advice2 — focus-ing  on  the  categories  of  research  and  collegiality  —  draw  from  The Rule of Saint Augustine. The solitary medieval monk serves as a surprising parallel to modern lone medievalist.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <PersonName>Michael David Elam</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;While many medievalists find themselves alone in their depart-ments,  ranging  from  History  to  English,  etc.,  many  medieval-ists  often  find  themselves  just  as  alone,  lonelier  in  some  cases,  among  other  medievalists,  especially  in  professional  contexts  in which shared specialization ought to help them feel they be-long. Lone medievalists in their academic departments, though they may feel a sense of isolation, may find that acclimation to teaching, service, and other responsibilities has its own separat-ing effect, an effect that makes the lone medievalist feel doubly alone  among  other  medievalists,  especially  at  conferences,  at  which the expectation to make significant, independent, mean-ingful contributions to further medieval studies can be stifling. Such  an  expectation,  frankly,  may  not  be  entirely  reasonable.  This may seem shocking, but many, if not most, medievalists do not have the personal resources to offer the kind of discipline-changing studies tacitly expected from them (from any scholar, really).  At  least  it  is  shocking  to  say  it  out  loud.  The  custom  among academics is to refrain from saying what most are think-ing and experiencing in the hopes that somehow one will stum-ble into something that peers will claim is brilliant; it has been my custom, anyway, and I know from candid conversations with others that I am not alone.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;While many medievalists find themselves alone in their depart-ments,  ranging  from  History  to  English,  etc.,  many  medieval-ists  often  find  themselves  just  as  alone,  lonelier  in  some  cases,  among  other  medievalists,  especially  in  professional  contexts  in which shared specialization ought to help them feel they be-long. Lone medievalists in their academic departments, though they may feel a sense of isolation, may find that acclimation to teaching, service, and other responsibilities has its own separat-ing effect, an effect that makes the lone medievalist feel doubly alone  among  other  medievalists,  especially  at  conferences,  at  which the expectation to make significant, independent, mean-ingful contributions to further medieval studies can be stifling. Such  an  expectation,  frankly,  may  not  be  entirely  reasonable.  This may seem shocking, but many, if not most, medievalists do not have the personal resources to offer the kind of discipline-changing studies tacitly expected from them (from any scholar, really).  At  least  it  is  shocking  to  say  it  out  loud.  The  custom  among academics is to refrain from saying what most are think-ing and experiencing in the hopes that somehow one will stum-ble into something that peers will claim is brilliant; it has been my custom, anyway, and I know from candid conversations with others that I am not alone.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">The Unicorn Learns Accountability</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Misty Urban</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>Muscatine Community College</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In  the  spring  of  my  first  year  at  Lewis-Clark  State  College  in  Lewiston, Idaho, I stood before a standing-room-only crowd in the  on-campus  coffee  shop,  prepared  to  give  an  informal  talk  as part of the Humanities Division’s ongoing colloquium series. Other  professors  had  run  small  but  intellectually  substantial  discussions about, for example, tigers in Romantic poetry. I was here to talk about monstrous women, Middle English romance, and  the  fairy  Melusine.  I  had  a  set  of  PowerPoint  slides.  I  had  a  packed  audience,  composed  not  just  of  my  colleagues  and  seminar students but, I suspected, other students earning extra credit.  Giving  this  talk  on  my  research  felt  like  a  good  way  to  introduce myself as the new assistant professor of English. It felt like a good way to give students a small taste of medieval litera-ture that might lure them into further study. It felt like one of the many ways I was still attempting to prove, to the division and to myself, that, though the hiring process was long complete, I was indeed the right person for this job.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In  the  spring  of  my  first  year  at  Lewis-Clark  State  College  in  Lewiston, Idaho, I stood before a standing-room-only crowd in the  on-campus  coffee  shop,  prepared  to  give  an  informal  talk  as part of the Humanities Division’s ongoing colloquium series. Other  professors  had  run  small  but  intellectually  substantial  discussions about, for example, tigers in Romantic poetry. I was here to talk about monstrous women, Middle English romance, and  the  fairy  Melusine.  I  had  a  set  of  PowerPoint  slides.  I  had  a  packed  audience,  composed  not  just  of  my  colleagues  and  seminar students but, I suspected, other students earning extra credit.  Giving  this  talk  on  my  research  felt  like  a  good  way  to  introduce myself as the new assistant professor of English. It felt like a good way to give students a small taste of medieval litera-ture that might lure them into further study. It felt like one of the many ways I was still attempting to prove, to the division and to myself, that, though the hiring process was long complete, I was indeed the right person for this job.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <PersonName>M. Wendy Hennequin</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;If you are reading this essay, chances are you are a Lone Medi-evalist.  So  am  I.  I  am  the  only  medievalist  in  my  department  (Language,  Literature,  and  Philosophy,  comprising  the  disci-plines  of  English,  foreign  languages,  literature,  linguistics,  and  philosophy).  I  teach  at  a  historically  black  college,  where  me-dieval  studies  doesn’t  even  register  on  the  academic  radar.  My  historically-minded  students  are  generally  more  interested  in  American or African history. Many students, and indeed many of my colleagues, see the Middle Ages as irrelevant to our stud-ies and disciplines.Yet my purpose here isn’t to enumerate the challenges of be-ing  a  Lone  Medievalist.  We  all  know  what  they  are,  and  other  essays in this volume examine our situation and its inherent is-sues  and  frustrations  in  detail.  Instead,  I  intend  to  discuss  the  problem  of  a  Lone  Medievalist’s  loneliness  and  suggest  some  concrete ways to deal with it.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;If you are reading this essay, chances are you are a Lone Medi-evalist.  So  am  I.  I  am  the  only  medievalist  in  my  department  (Language,  Literature,  and  Philosophy,  comprising  the  disci-plines  of  English,  foreign  languages,  literature,  linguistics,  and  philosophy).  I  teach  at  a  historically  black  college,  where  me-dieval  studies  doesn’t  even  register  on  the  academic  radar.  My  historically-minded  students  are  generally  more  interested  in  American or African history. Many students, and indeed many of my colleagues, see the Middle Ages as irrelevant to our stud-ies and disciplines.Yet my purpose here isn’t to enumerate the challenges of be-ing  a  Lone  Medievalist.  We  all  know  what  they  are,  and  other  essays in this volume examine our situation and its inherent is-sues  and  frustrations  in  detail.  Instead,  I  intend  to  discuss  the  problem  of  a  Lone  Medievalist’s  loneliness  and  suggest  some  concrete ways to deal with it.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <Subtitle language="eng">Staying Optimistic While Balancing Passion and Job Market Realities</Subtitle>
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            <Affiliation>Ohio University</Affiliation>
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            <Affiliation>Zane State College</Affiliation>
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          <PersonName>Aubri Anne McVey</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;University  teaching  is  by  nature  an  optimistic  profession.  To  invest  in  the  time  and  energy  for  graduate-level  training  and  then  go  on  to  work  with  our  own  students  is  to  invest  in  the  belief  that  despite  the  ills  of  war,  political  corruption,  social  conflict, and natural disasters, there is hope that human beings can overcome the obstacles that we face. This hope springs not just from a vague sense that “everything will be okay” but also from seeing our own liberal arts educations help us solve “real world” problems.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;University  teaching  is  by  nature  an  optimistic  profession.  To  invest  in  the  time  and  energy  for  graduate-level  training  and  then  go  on  to  work  with  our  own  students  is  to  invest  in  the  belief  that  despite  the  ills  of  war,  political  corruption,  social  conflict, and natural disasters, there is hope that human beings can overcome the obstacles that we face. This hope springs not just from a vague sense that “everything will be okay” but also from seeing our own liberal arts educations help us solve “real world” problems.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">A Study of the Unexpected</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">The Advantages of Being the "Lone Medievalist"</Subtitle>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The challenges facing the academy are great and have in many ways been well documented in recent times. As a general trend, enrollments  are  slipping  at  many  institutions  and  state  legisla-tures  are  cutting  funds  to  state  universities  in  the  name  of  re-duced  spending.  Individual  academics  face  mounting  issues  as well. Teaching loads continue to grow, while funding for re-search is dropping, not to mention the decrease in hiring. Par-ticularly hard hit are the humanities, which are seen by many as unnecessary in a climate in which preparation for the job mar-ket  is  hailed  as  the  paramount  concern.  The  atmosphere  is  so  hostile in many sectors that some writers have seen the need to present a “defense” of a liberal arts education.1 While vocational training is an important tool for many, the liberal arts remain a cornerstone of the American educational system.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The challenges facing the academy are great and have in many ways been well documented in recent times. As a general trend, enrollments  are  slipping  at  many  institutions  and  state  legisla-tures  are  cutting  funds  to  state  universities  in  the  name  of  re-duced  spending.  Individual  academics  face  mounting  issues  as well. Teaching loads continue to grow, while funding for re-search is dropping, not to mention the decrease in hiring. Par-ticularly hard hit are the humanities, which are seen by many as unnecessary in a climate in which preparation for the job mar-ket  is  hailed  as  the  paramount  concern.  The  atmosphere  is  so  hostile in many sectors that some writers have seen the need to present a “defense” of a liberal arts education.1 While vocational training is an important tool for many, the liberal arts remain a cornerstone of the American educational system.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Saga Thing and the Benefits of Podcasting the Medieval</TitleText>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;For over a decade now, podcasting has become an increasingly popular form of entertainment and information sharing. An es-timated  57  million  Americans  currently  listen  to  one  or  more  podcasts on a regular basis according to Edison Research’s “The Infinite  Dial  2016.”  It’s  a  safe  bet  that  many  of  our  students  al-ready  embrace  this  technology  on  a  daily  basis,  using  their  phones  to  download  or  stream  podcasts  on  a  diverse  range  of  subjects, from comedy to current events, from self-help to his-tory.  Though  the  medium  is  dominated  by  traditional  broad-casters  and  entertainers,  the  podcast  market  is  flooded  with  shows crafted by do-it-yourself hosts from nearly every walk of life speaking about their interests and opinions.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;For over a decade now, podcasting has become an increasingly popular form of entertainment and information sharing. An es-timated  57  million  Americans  currently  listen  to  one  or  more  podcasts on a regular basis according to Edison Research’s “The Infinite  Dial  2016.”  It’s  a  safe  bet  that  many  of  our  students  al-ready  embrace  this  technology  on  a  daily  basis,  using  their  phones  to  download  or  stream  podcasts  on  a  diverse  range  of  subjects, from comedy to current events, from self-help to his-tory.  Though  the  medium  is  dominated  by  traditional  broad-casters  and  entertainers,  the  podcast  market  is  flooded  with  shows crafted by do-it-yourself hosts from nearly every walk of life speaking about their interests and opinions.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Building Your Own Villa</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Jane Chance</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The  way  I  found  to  ease  the  many  negatives  of  being  both  the  lone medievalist and the first tenure-track woman in the English Department at a small private university (as Rice was at the time I  arrived  in  1973,  with  2,300  undergraduates  and  1,000  gradu-ate students) was to learn to build on connections with others, whether students or colleagues. After finishing my Ph.D. at the University  of  Illinois  in  1971,  I  had  taught  for  two  years  at  the  snow-laden University of Saskatchewan-Saskatoon. Longing to return to an urban environment, I came to sunny Houston as a very  young  assistant  professor,  girded  with  a  book  contract  in  hand  for  a  revised  dissertation  and  boundless  optimism.  Two  medievalists had taught in the department prior to my advent, but I was hired specifically to replace the Anglo-Saxonist.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The  way  I  found  to  ease  the  many  negatives  of  being  both  the  lone medievalist and the first tenure-track woman in the English Department at a small private university (as Rice was at the time I  arrived  in  1973,  with  2,300  undergraduates  and  1,000  gradu-ate students) was to learn to build on connections with others, whether students or colleagues. After finishing my Ph.D. at the University  of  Illinois  in  1971,  I  had  taught  for  two  years  at  the  snow-laden University of Saskatchewan-Saskatoon. Longing to return to an urban environment, I came to sunny Houston as a very  young  assistant  professor,  girded  with  a  book  contract  in  hand  for  a  revised  dissertation  and  boundless  optimism.  Two  medievalists had taught in the department prior to my advent, but I was hired specifically to replace the Anglo-Saxonist.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <PersonName>Chance, Jane </PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Twice Marginal and Twice Invisible</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">On Being the Lone Medievalist Twice in One State</Subtitle>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In  the  classic  Jacqueline  Murray  article,  “Twice  Marginal  and  Twice  Invisible:  Lesbians  in  the  Middle  Ages,”1  she  argues  that  lesbians are challenging to reclaim in history by virtue of being doubly  excluded.  I’m  not  exactly  comparing  myself  to  a  medi-eval lesbian, although a good deal of my scholarship has focused on  female  same-sex  desire  in  the  Middle  Ages;  however,  there  have been several instances of intertwined marginalization like this  in  my  career.  I  was,  for  example,  the  only  medieval  PhD  student  at  my  institution.  That  brought  both  good  and  bad,  since  I  got  plum  teaching  assignments  (no  composition),  but  lost out on a student community. As a woman of color, I am also sometimes on the outskirts of medieval studies (although that is changing in today’s academic world), but have also been called a “race traitor” by other South Asians since I study “the whitest period in history” (a view also being challenged in today’s academic world). So I guess one could say that I pretty much began my career as a Lone Medievalist in my PhD program, and have continued as such to this very day.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In  the  classic  Jacqueline  Murray  article,  “Twice  Marginal  and  Twice  Invisible:  Lesbians  in  the  Middle  Ages,”1  she  argues  that  lesbians are challenging to reclaim in history by virtue of being doubly  excluded.  I’m  not  exactly  comparing  myself  to  a  medi-eval lesbian, although a good deal of my scholarship has focused on  female  same-sex  desire  in  the  Middle  Ages;  however,  there  have been several instances of intertwined marginalization like this  in  my  career.  I  was,  for  example,  the  only  medieval  PhD  student  at  my  institution.  That  brought  both  good  and  bad,  since  I  got  plum  teaching  assignments  (no  composition),  but  lost out on a student community. As a woman of color, I am also sometimes on the outskirts of medieval studies (although that is changing in today’s academic world), but have also been called a “race traitor” by other South Asians since I study “the whitest period in history” (a view also being challenged in today’s academic world). So I guess one could say that I pretty much began my career as a Lone Medievalist in my PhD program, and have continued as such to this very day.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Pushing Boundaries</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Making the Medieval Relevant through Public History and Engagement On and Off Campus</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Amber Handy</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>Mississippi University for Women</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;When  I  arrived  on  the  campus  of  this  small  regional  public  university  fresh  out  of  graduate  school,  I  felt  like  I  had  won  the lottery. Not only had I secured a tenure-track job in a ter-rible  market,  but  I  had  done  so  at  an  institution  with  small  class  sizes,  a  liberal-arts  based  teaching  mission,  and  a  long  history of supporting women’s education, which was precisely the  type  of  university  at  which  I  had  always  wanted  to  teach.  I soon discovered that leaving behind a well-supported medi-eval community comprised of a diverse and thriving scholarly body,  phenomenal  library,  and  financial  support  for  teaching  and research had its challenges. While my new university val-ued my teaching skills, its library resources were far more lim-ited  than  I  had  anticipated,  and  the  student  body,  comprised  largely of first-generation college students, did not immediately understand  the  relevance  of  medieval  history  to  their  course  of  study  or  future  career  goals.  Despite  the  warm  welcome  I  received  from  my  new  colleagues,  I  soon  began  to  wonder  if  some of them harbored similar questions about the wisdom of using  one  of  their  few  tenure-track  lines  on  a  premodernist.  As  the  lone  medievalist  in  a  department  of  only  four  histori-ans, and one of only two medievalists on the entire campus, I have  found  that  the  best  way  to  ensure  that  medieval  history  is taken seriously by my colleagues is by actively seeking ways to professionally engage both with my departmental colleagues outside of the medieval period and as a medievalist across and beyond campus. In my experience, the following six areas have been  key  in  demonstrating  how  my  training  in  medieval  his-tory  can  be  an  asset  in  program  and  curricular  development,  undergraduate education in core history skills, student recruit-ment, and public outreach.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;When  I  arrived  on  the  campus  of  this  small  regional  public  university  fresh  out  of  graduate  school,  I  felt  like  I  had  won  the lottery. Not only had I secured a tenure-track job in a ter-rible  market,  but  I  had  done  so  at  an  institution  with  small  class  sizes,  a  liberal-arts  based  teaching  mission,  and  a  long  history of supporting women’s education, which was precisely the  type  of  university  at  which  I  had  always  wanted  to  teach.  I soon discovered that leaving behind a well-supported medi-eval community comprised of a diverse and thriving scholarly body,  phenomenal  library,  and  financial  support  for  teaching  and research had its challenges. While my new university val-ued my teaching skills, its library resources were far more lim-ited  than  I  had  anticipated,  and  the  student  body,  comprised  largely of first-generation college students, did not immediately understand  the  relevance  of  medieval  history  to  their  course  of  study  or  future  career  goals.  Despite  the  warm  welcome  I  received  from  my  new  colleagues,  I  soon  began  to  wonder  if  some of them harbored similar questions about the wisdom of using  one  of  their  few  tenure-track  lines  on  a  premodernist.  As  the  lone  medievalist  in  a  department  of  only  four  histori-ans, and one of only two medievalists on the entire campus, I have  found  that  the  best  way  to  ensure  that  medieval  history  is taken seriously by my colleagues is by actively seeking ways to professionally engage both with my departmental colleagues outside of the medieval period and as a medievalist across and beyond campus. In my experience, the following six areas have been  key  in  demonstrating  how  my  training  in  medieval  his-tory  can  be  an  asset  in  program  and  curricular  development,  undergraduate education in core history skills, student recruit-ment, and public outreach.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Brought to You by Your Friendly Campus Medievalist</TitleText>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;I  have  been  a  lone  medievalist  for  eight  years  —  longer  than  some, but not nearly as long as many in our profession. Some-times, when I am introducing myself to new faculty members or participating in one of the countless academic rituals that require an introduction and declaration of specialty, I am tempted to ac-knowledge my lone medievalist status after stating my name. As a way of giving an account of myself, I think this would be highly effective. Not only does it provide the necessary identifying in-formation,  but  its  similarity  to  the  ritualized  language  of  some  twelve-step programs would alert my colleagues to the nature of my situation. “Ah,” they would whisper to each other. “That ex-plains quite a bit. At least he can admit he needs help.” Of course, being a lone medievalist is not a condition for which one needs to  seek  treatment,  despite  what  our  colleagues  may  sometimes  think.  Yet,  many  of  us  who  are  lone  medievalists  have,  at  one  time  in  our  career  or  another,  felt  as  if  we  are  suffering  from  some  sort  of  affliction  that  isolates  us  from  the  rest  of  our  col-leagues and causes us to be misunderstood by those with whom we share our academic lives. Such was certainly my experience as  I  began  my  tenure-track  position  at  a  small,  private,  liberal  arts college, and, I must say, it initially threw me for quite a loop.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;I  have  been  a  lone  medievalist  for  eight  years  —  longer  than  some, but not nearly as long as many in our profession. Some-times, when I am introducing myself to new faculty members or participating in one of the countless academic rituals that require an introduction and declaration of specialty, I am tempted to ac-knowledge my lone medievalist status after stating my name. As a way of giving an account of myself, I think this would be highly effective. Not only does it provide the necessary identifying in-formation,  but  its  similarity  to  the  ritualized  language  of  some  twelve-step programs would alert my colleagues to the nature of my situation. “Ah,” they would whisper to each other. “That ex-plains quite a bit. At least he can admit he needs help.” Of course, being a lone medievalist is not a condition for which one needs to  seek  treatment,  despite  what  our  colleagues  may  sometimes  think.  Yet,  many  of  us  who  are  lone  medievalists  have,  at  one  time  in  our  career  or  another,  felt  as  if  we  are  suffering  from  some  sort  of  affliction  that  isolates  us  from  the  rest  of  our  col-leagues and causes us to be misunderstood by those with whom we share our academic lives. Such was certainly my experience as  I  began  my  tenure-track  position  at  a  small,  private,  liberal  arts college, and, I must say, it initially threw me for quite a loop.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Down with Dante and Chaucer? Navigating a Great Books Curriculum as a Medievalist</TitleText>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;When I accepted my job as a joint hire between an English de-partment and an Honors College that used a fairly conventional Great Books curriculum, I was excited to have a job and to be teaching the classics as well as my own research interests. But I quickly learned that there are some dangers and stressors in be-ing the only person who works on anything remotely premod-ern in a four-semester curriculum that dwells a year on ancient Roman  and  Greek  classics,  hurtles  over  the  Middle  Ages  after  two or three short weeks with Dante and Chaucer, and comes to rest heavily in the Renaissance and the Enlightenment. I quickly found  myself  saying  things  that  surprised  and  even  scared  my  colleagues as we discussed our curriculum and book lists every year with hopes of improving or innovating the hundred years’ culture war that is a Great Books curriculum.1 “Why not teach a saga instead of Dante?” I might say. Or: “Can we replace Chaucer with Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, or even Piers Plowman?” “No, I do not feel comfortable lecturing on the political climate that led to the creation of Virgil’s Aeneid — that’s why we need a classicist.”  “Can’t  we  add  another  medieval  text  and  remove  The  Golden  Ass?  Marie  de  France  can  cover  a  lot  of  the  same  ground.” And so on. My colleagues have come to look upon my perpetual war for a non-standardized view of the Middle Ages, for readings from saints, weirdos, and outliers with exasperated good humor and a quick vote to maintain the status quo: a week of the Inferno, a week of Chaucer’s greatest hits. Done, and done. I never thought I’d argue the things I have in this job as strongly as I have argued them.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;When I accepted my job as a joint hire between an English de-partment and an Honors College that used a fairly conventional Great Books curriculum, I was excited to have a job and to be teaching the classics as well as my own research interests. But I quickly learned that there are some dangers and stressors in be-ing the only person who works on anything remotely premod-ern in a four-semester curriculum that dwells a year on ancient Roman  and  Greek  classics,  hurtles  over  the  Middle  Ages  after  two or three short weeks with Dante and Chaucer, and comes to rest heavily in the Renaissance and the Enlightenment. I quickly found  myself  saying  things  that  surprised  and  even  scared  my  colleagues as we discussed our curriculum and book lists every year with hopes of improving or innovating the hundred years’ culture war that is a Great Books curriculum.1 “Why not teach a saga instead of Dante?” I might say. Or: “Can we replace Chaucer with Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, or even Piers Plowman?” “No, I do not feel comfortable lecturing on the political climate that led to the creation of Virgil’s Aeneid — that’s why we need a classicist.”  “Can’t  we  add  another  medieval  text  and  remove  The  Golden  Ass?  Marie  de  France  can  cover  a  lot  of  the  same  ground.” And so on. My colleagues have come to look upon my perpetual war for a non-standardized view of the Middle Ages, for readings from saints, weirdos, and outliers with exasperated good humor and a quick vote to maintain the status quo: a week of the Inferno, a week of Chaucer’s greatest hits. Done, and done. I never thought I’d argue the things I have in this job as strongly as I have argued them.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Of sondry folk</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">What I Learned After My First Year as the Lone Medievalist on Campus</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Ann M. Martinez</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>Kent State University at Stark</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;My first month as an assistant professor was a whirlwind. There were  new  people  everywhere.  Faculty,  staff,  administrators...  everyone  was  very  welcoming,  and  they  all  wanted  to  get  to  know me, so they asked: “What do you work on?” And my I-just-finished-my-dissertation-and-still-have-a-lot-to-say-about-it brain  kicked  in.  I  responded:  “With  a  formalist  methodology  regarding  textual  analysis,  a  historicist  approach  to  literature’s  and  to  society’s  attitudes  about  nature,  and  an  ecocritical  lens,  I  examine  the  periodization  that  sets  the  Middle  Ages  against  other eras. This allows me to trace the extent to which attitudes toward  land  use,  landscape  beautification,  and  woodland  de-lineation developed within Middle English literature. These me-dieval perspectives are a crucially important pre-history to our modern views regarding the use, exploitation, and sustainability of the environment.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;My first month as an assistant professor was a whirlwind. There were  new  people  everywhere.  Faculty,  staff,  administrators...  everyone  was  very  welcoming,  and  they  all  wanted  to  get  to  know me, so they asked: “What do you work on?” And my I-just-finished-my-dissertation-and-still-have-a-lot-to-say-about-it brain  kicked  in.  I  responded:  “With  a  formalist  methodology  regarding  textual  analysis,  a  historicist  approach  to  literature’s  and  to  society’s  attitudes  about  nature,  and  an  ecocritical  lens,  I  examine  the  periodization  that  sets  the  Middle  Ages  against  other eras. This allows me to trace the extent to which attitudes toward  land  use,  landscape  beautification,  and  woodland  de-lineation developed within Middle English literature. These me-dieval perspectives are a crucially important pre-history to our modern views regarding the use, exploitation, and sustainability of the environment.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">The Collaborative Medievalist</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Courtney Rydel</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>Washington College</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;My  colleagues  who  work  in  theatre  have  taught  me  my  new  favorite  word:  collaboration.  Being  the  lone  medievalist  in  my  field at a small liberal arts college, I’ve learned to work on active collaborations  with  friends  in  fields  outside  medieval  studies.  We can meld our approaches into a process that works for both of  us,  since  collaboration  primarily  requires  working  together  closely  to  create  a  finished  product.  Starting  from  the  same  background knowledge does not matter. Coming together over shared  materials  —  while  appreciating  my  colleagues’  distinct  approaches  and  methodologies  —  has  reinvigorated  my  teach-ing and research, making possible different class projects, better class discussions, new research initiatives, and new classes and co-curricular opportunities.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;My  colleagues  who  work  in  theatre  have  taught  me  my  new  favorite  word:  collaboration.  Being  the  lone  medievalist  in  my  field at a small liberal arts college, I’ve learned to work on active collaborations  with  friends  in  fields  outside  medieval  studies.  We can meld our approaches into a process that works for both of  us,  since  collaboration  primarily  requires  working  together  closely  to  create  a  finished  product.  Starting  from  the  same  background knowledge does not matter. Coming together over shared  materials  —  while  appreciating  my  colleagues’  distinct  approaches  and  methodologies  —  has  reinvigorated  my  teach-ing and research, making possible different class projects, better class discussions, new research initiatives, and new classes and co-curricular opportunities.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Make Yourself at Home</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>John P. Sexton</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>Bridgewater State University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;When I landed my job in the Department of English at Bridge-water  State  University,  I  was  undeniably  a  bit  of  a  naïf.  This  wasn’t the fault of my graduate program, my dissertation direc-tors,  or  the  many  other  people  who  tried  to  help  me  find  my  way to professional readiness. And yet, when I received the all-important call from the then-Dean of Humanities offering me a position, I responded (as I’d been trained to do) by saying firmly, “Thank you so much for the offer. I’ll need to talk it over with my wife, of course...” and then continued, “Then I can call you back tomorrow to accept the offer.” I was, to put it mildly, not in a dominant bargaining position when I called back.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;When I landed my job in the Department of English at Bridge-water  State  University,  I  was  undeniably  a  bit  of  a  naïf.  This  wasn’t the fault of my graduate program, my dissertation direc-tors,  or  the  many  other  people  who  tried  to  help  me  find  my  way to professional readiness. And yet, when I received the all-important call from the then-Dean of Humanities offering me a position, I responded (as I’d been trained to do) by saying firmly, “Thank you so much for the offer. I’ll need to talk it over with my wife, of course...” and then continued, “Then I can call you back tomorrow to accept the offer.” I was, to put it mildly, not in a dominant bargaining position when I called back.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Notes from the North</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Laura Saetveit Miles</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>University of Bergen</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;We  have  arrived  in  Norway.  On  the  trip  I  began  Mary  Woll-stonecraft’s 1796 Letters Written during a Short Residence in Swe-den,  Norway,  and  Denmark  (Broadwell,  excellent  edition)  and  have been inspired to write you real letters on real paper about our big adventure moving abroad and my new (first, real, per-manent) job. I am now officially associate (!!!) professor or the much more delicious title “førsteamanuensis” of English litera-ture in the Institute for Foreign Languages at the University of Bergen, Norway. The other languages in our department include French, Spanish, German, Arabic, Chinese, Japanese, Russian... both literature and linguistic sides. I have five other colleagues in English literature: total three for British, three for American (picture a buoy right in the middle of the Atlantic, demarcating the fields). No one has mentioned if medieval English literature was ever taught here before. Either it never was — or the institu-tional memory has been lost — or they want to forget — or they haven’t  thought  to  mention  whose  shoes  I  am  stepping  into.  Well, they are mine now.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;We  have  arrived  in  Norway.  On  the  trip  I  began  Mary  Woll-stonecraft’s 1796 Letters Written during a Short Residence in Swe-den,  Norway,  and  Denmark  (Broadwell,  excellent  edition)  and  have been inspired to write you real letters on real paper about our big adventure moving abroad and my new (first, real, per-manent) job. I am now officially associate (!!!) professor or the much more delicious title “førsteamanuensis” of English litera-ture in the Institute for Foreign Languages at the University of Bergen, Norway. The other languages in our department include French, Spanish, German, Arabic, Chinese, Japanese, Russian... both literature and linguistic sides. I have five other colleagues in English literature: total three for British, three for American (picture a buoy right in the middle of the Atlantic, demarcating the fields). No one has mentioned if medieval English literature was ever taught here before. Either it never was — or the institu-tional memory has been lost — or they want to forget — or they haven’t  thought  to  mention  whose  shoes  I  am  stepping  into.  Well, they are mine now.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Being a Medievalist in an A-medieval Country and in Region Overcrowded with Medievality</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Two Stories from Brasil and Western Balkans</Subtitle>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Being a medievalist in the Western Balkans, a place overcrowd-ed with medieval documents and monuments (and competing modern explanations of such documents and monuments), can lead a scholar to feel trapped in the midst of plenty. The feeling of isolation this causes is somewhat like the social isolation and loneliness many people experience in modern cities. The feeling is only heightened by the political determinism and interference that medievalists experience in places like the Western Balkans, where  almost  every  site  and  monument  of  medieval  signifi-cance is reclaimed from different countries. The medievalist of-ten  faces  a  politically  imposed  isolation  or  alienation,  wherein  even historians of neighboring countries try to avoid coopera-tion.  How  does  this  politically-imposed  isolation  compare  to  the  geographically  imposed  isolation  of  a  place  like  Brasil?  In  other words, how does a socio-politically created “lone” medievalist compare to the experience of a medievalist in a place far removed from the historical context she studies?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Being a medievalist in the Western Balkans, a place overcrowd-ed with medieval documents and monuments (and competing modern explanations of such documents and monuments), can lead a scholar to feel trapped in the midst of plenty. The feeling of isolation this causes is somewhat like the social isolation and loneliness many people experience in modern cities. The feeling is only heightened by the political determinism and interference that medievalists experience in places like the Western Balkans, where  almost  every  site  and  monument  of  medieval  signifi-cance is reclaimed from different countries. The medievalist of-ten  faces  a  politically  imposed  isolation  or  alienation,  wherein  even historians of neighboring countries try to avoid coopera-tion.  How  does  this  politically-imposed  isolation  compare  to  the  geographically  imposed  isolation  of  a  place  like  Brasil?  In  other words, how does a socio-politically created “lone” medievalist compare to the experience of a medievalist in a place far removed from the historical context she studies?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The  trend  towards  a  “shrinking  past”1  is  undoubtedly  a  reality  that  those  of  us  working  in  American  and  Canadian  universi-ties  have  known  for  many  years  now.  Humanities  disciplines,  devoted more than others to the study of the past, have suffered inordinately from this situation. The result, one that we as me-dievalists  know  all  too  well,  is  that  we  end  up  being  the  sole  departmental expert on the entire pre-1700 (mostly European) world.  The  reasons  for  this  historiographical  downsizing  are  complex:  administrative  proclamations  of  declining  interest  in  the humanities in general are but one piece of the historical puz-zle. There is no need to enter into this debate here, though; what matters is the result. Where there used to be two, three or more medievalists, there is now barely one: a single soul who is often asked to also teach outside the period on more “relevant” issues. So, one it is. But does that make this sole specialist a lonely re-searcher? And is this a novelty?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The  trend  towards  a  “shrinking  past”1  is  undoubtedly  a  reality  that  those  of  us  working  in  American  and  Canadian  universi-ties  have  known  for  many  years  now.  Humanities  disciplines,  devoted more than others to the study of the past, have suffered inordinately from this situation. The result, one that we as me-dievalists  know  all  too  well,  is  that  we  end  up  being  the  sole  departmental expert on the entire pre-1700 (mostly European) world.  The  reasons  for  this  historiographical  downsizing  are  complex:  administrative  proclamations  of  declining  interest  in  the humanities in general are but one piece of the historical puz-zle. There is no need to enter into this debate here, though; what matters is the result. Where there used to be two, three or more medievalists, there is now barely one: a single soul who is often asked to also teach outside the period on more “relevant” issues. So, one it is. But does that make this sole specialist a lonely re-searcher? And is this a novelty?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">A Philosopher's Approach to Being a Lone Medievalist</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Pilar Herráiz Oliva</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;First  of  all,  I  should  say  that  I  am  a  philosopher.  If  medieval-ists  have  a  bad  reputation  anywhere,  that  is  in  philosophy.  At  least, that is how I felt in the beginning. That is how I have been feeling  up  to  this  point.  The  problem  lies  mostly  with  people’s  conceptions regarding the Middle Ages: a sort of dark, historical parentheses  whose  content  remains  mostly  unknown.  No  sur-prises here. Anyway, my intention here is not to complain about other people’s thoughts, but most importantly to share my own. Thus, I will start by what it was or what it is to be a medievalist within my academic environment, that is, in my experience, but I will also try to briefly provide our field with some constructive ideas in order to face the “I am a lone medievalist” issue.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;First  of  all,  I  should  say  that  I  am  a  philosopher.  If  medieval-ists  have  a  bad  reputation  anywhere,  that  is  in  philosophy.  At  least, that is how I felt in the beginning. That is how I have been feeling  up  to  this  point.  The  problem  lies  mostly  with  people’s  conceptions regarding the Middle Ages: a sort of dark, historical parentheses  whose  content  remains  mostly  unknown.  No  sur-prises here. Anyway, my intention here is not to complain about other people’s thoughts, but most importantly to share my own. Thus, I will start by what it was or what it is to be a medievalist within my academic environment, that is, in my experience, but I will also try to briefly provide our field with some constructive ideas in order to face the “I am a lone medievalist” issue.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <PersonName>Christine E. Kozikowski</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Discovering a medieval French cloister in the Bahamas was one of the most surprising moments of my first semester of working at  The  College  of  the  Bahamas  (COB),  where  I  thought  I  cor-nered  the  market  on  the  Middle  Ages.  This  fourteenth-centu-ry  re-formed  cloister  and  the  talk  given  by  William  Whobrey  from  Yale  was  a  reminder  that  the  medievalist  world  is  not  so  small.  This  closeness  was  also  reminder  of  my  scholarly  iden-tity in the midst of the complete and utter difference of my new situation at a college where I am the first and only medievalist. Transitioning  from  a  large  R1  university  with  active  medieval  programs in history, literature, Spanish, and French to a college whose programs focus on postcolonial Caribbean development was, while not unexpected, still a bit of a shock to my senses. My employment at COB has provided not only a number of unique experiences  as  faculty  but  it  has  also  given  me  a  new  perspec-tive  on  teaching  medieval  literature,  as  well  as  opportunities  for research and development that would have never arisen if I weren’t a lone medievalist.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Discovering a medieval French cloister in the Bahamas was one of the most surprising moments of my first semester of working at  The  College  of  the  Bahamas  (COB),  where  I  thought  I  cor-nered  the  market  on  the  Middle  Ages.  This  fourteenth-centu-ry  re-formed  cloister  and  the  talk  given  by  William  Whobrey  from  Yale  was  a  reminder  that  the  medievalist  world  is  not  so  small.  This  closeness  was  also  reminder  of  my  scholarly  iden-tity in the midst of the complete and utter difference of my new situation at a college where I am the first and only medievalist. Transitioning  from  a  large  R1  university  with  active  medieval  programs in history, literature, Spanish, and French to a college whose programs focus on postcolonial Caribbean development was, while not unexpected, still a bit of a shock to my senses. My employment at COB has provided not only a number of unique experiences  as  faculty  but  it  has  also  given  me  a  new  perspec-tive  on  teaching  medieval  literature,  as  well  as  opportunities  for research and development that would have never arisen if I weren’t a lone medievalist.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Between 2020 and 2021, in the depths of the Covid-19 pandemic, the thirteen authors included in The Before and the After: Critical Asynchrony Now turned to reflections on the late work of Jacques Derrida in an attempt to think through the temporal disjunctions imposed by the global emergency. They found themselves thinking through ideas and philosophical tropes that had been in vogue more than twenty years earlier — as though a deep theoretical nostalgia could somehow rescue them from the moment that beset them.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;As a belated turn to Derrida’s late work, The Before and the After provides a series of visions of what we might become, in our engagements with the past — both the contemporary and ancient past — in our occupation of every fractured “now.” This book is a document of a moment now largely (hopefully) behind us and an attempt to imagine what remains to come.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Paul Allen Miller is Carolina Distinguished Professor at the University of South Carolina. He is the former editor of Transactions of the American Philological Association. He is the author of Lyric Texts and Lyric Consciousness (1994), Latin Erotic Elegy (2002), Subjecting Verses (2004), Latin Verse Satire (2005), Postmodern Spiritual Practices (2007), Plato’s Apology of Socrates (2010, with Charles Platter), A Tibullus Reader (2013), Diotima at the Barricades: French Feminists Read Plato (2015), Horace (2019), and Foucault’s Seminars on Antiquity: Learning to Speak the Truth (2021). He has edited fifteen volumes of essays on literary theory, gender studies, and topics in classics as well as published more than 90 articles on Latin, Greek, French, and English literature, theory, and philosophy. He is currently at work on Truth and Enjoyment: Cicero Beyond the Pleasure Principle.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;If we “do justice” to Socrates—not as the Athenian people did, which Hegel considered just and necessary—but if we let him roam free, if we set no limit to the testing he does of us and our fellow citizens, then the Socratic impulse is both profoundly ironic and ultimately revolutionary: for this moment of irony is that in which new thought and new concepts can emerge, and this moment is a necessary, if not sufficient, cause of fundamental social change. To make this case for the revolutionary potential of irony and the movement of the concept, I enlist the help of Jacques Derrida. In particular, I will make use of his notion of “hauntology” as elaborated in Spectres of Marx and related works from the eighties and nineties.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;If we “do justice” to Socrates—not as the Athenian people did, which Hegel considered just and necessary—but if we let him roam free, if we set no limit to the testing he does of us and our fellow citizens, then the Socratic impulse is both profoundly ironic and ultimately revolutionary: for this moment of irony is that in which new thought and new concepts can emerge, and this moment is a necessary, if not sufficient, cause of fundamental social change. To make this case for the revolutionary potential of irony and the movement of the concept, I enlist the help of Jacques Derrida. In particular, I will make use of his notion of “hauntology” as elaborated in Spectres of Marx and related works from the eighties and nineties.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Late-Roman Post-Futures</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">The Spectral Planets of Derrida and Gene Wolfe</Subtitle>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This chapter examines Gene Wolfe’s science-fiction tetralogy, The Book of the New Sun, alongside other literary and philosophical texts from the waning of the Cold War, including Jameson’s The Geopolitical Aesthetic and Derrida’s Specters of Marx. Wolfe repurposes classical imagery and tropes of late Roman decadence to construct a fictional world in which the archaic, the modern, and the futuristic coexist in a single picture. I interpret Wolfe’s anachronic classicism in light of other late 20th-century authors who diagnosed the temporal disorientation of capitalist globalization and the “end of history.” Wolfe and his contemporaries explore the ethical and political affordances of “world-pictures,” totalizing depictions of an interconnected planetary reality that might orient the subjects of globalization within its intractable crises. In Wolfe’s novels, the untimeliness of Greco-Roman antiquity serves as a productive resource for constructing such pictures. I conclude by considering the dilemmas that Wolfe’s sci-fi speculations raise regarding the temporality of classical receptions.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This chapter examines Gene Wolfe’s science-fiction tetralogy, The Book of the New Sun, alongside other literary and philosophical texts from the waning of the Cold War, including Jameson’s The Geopolitical Aesthetic and Derrida’s Specters of Marx. Wolfe repurposes classical imagery and tropes of late Roman decadence to construct a fictional world in which the archaic, the modern, and the futuristic coexist in a single picture. I interpret Wolfe’s anachronic classicism in light of other late 20th-century authors who diagnosed the temporal disorientation of capitalist globalization and the “end of history.” Wolfe and his contemporaries explore the ethical and political affordances of “world-pictures,” totalizing depictions of an interconnected planetary reality that might orient the subjects of globalization within its intractable crises. In Wolfe’s novels, the untimeliness of Greco-Roman antiquity serves as a productive resource for constructing such pictures. I conclude by considering the dilemmas that Wolfe’s sci-fi speculations raise regarding the temporality of classical receptions.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">The Spectral Life of Friends</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Francesca Martelli</PersonName>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Francesca Martelli is Associate Professor of Classics at University of California, Los Angeles. She is the author of two books on Ovid: Ovid’s Revisions: The Editor as Author (2013) and Ovid: Brill Research Perspectives on Ancient Poetry (2020), and co-editor (along with Giulia Sissa) of a volume of essays on Ovid’s Metamorphoses as a seminal work of ecocritique (2023). Her most recent publication is a book on Cicero’s letters, Souvenirs of Cicero: Shaping Memory in the Epistulae ad Familiares (2024), which maintains a persistent interest in placing Latin texts in dialogue with the work and thought of Jacques Derrida.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This paper digs into Derrida's critical engagement in The Politics of Friendship with Cicero's idealised portrait of friendship in On Friendship. It argues that the issue Derrida takes with Cicero's narcissistic model of friendship as a relationship of similitude, as exemplified by the historic friendship between Scipio and Laelius, is in fact belied by the friendship that hovers around the margins of this text: that between Cicero and Atticus, the dedicatee of On Friendship, whose unequal status with Cicero is a precondition for the alterity at the heart of their friendship, along thoroughly Derridean lines. The paper then seeks to show how Cicero's Letters to Atticus further exemplifies Derrida's fundamental insight about another aspect of the friend's alterity -- namely, the fact that one friend dies before the other, leaving the latter to commemorate and mourn the one who dies first. Cicero's posthumously published collection of Letters to Atticus displays this asynchronicity in its very structure, as the letters in the opening book are shown to have been chosen for their resonance with moments from the very end of Cicero's life, which Atticus outlived. Cicero's Letters to Atticus, structured as it is by the anticipation of death, mourning and survival that provide the key to Derrida's formulation of friendship, is shown to anticipate Derrida's treatise by some millennia.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This paper digs into Derrida's critical engagement in The Politics of Friendship with Cicero's idealised portrait of friendship in On Friendship. It argues that the issue Derrida takes with Cicero's narcissistic model of friendship as a relationship of similitude, as exemplified by the historic friendship between Scipio and Laelius, is in fact belied by the friendship that hovers around the margins of this text: that between Cicero and Atticus, the dedicatee of On Friendship, whose unequal status with Cicero is a precondition for the alterity at the heart of their friendship, along thoroughly Derridean lines. The paper then seeks to show how Cicero's Letters to Atticus further exemplifies Derrida's fundamental insight about another aspect of the friend's alterity -- namely, the fact that one friend dies before the other, leaving the latter to commemorate and mourn the one who dies first. Cicero's posthumously published collection of Letters to Atticus displays this asynchronicity in its very structure, as the letters in the opening book are shown to have been chosen for their resonance with moments from the very end of Cicero's life, which Atticus outlived. Cicero's Letters to Atticus, structured as it is by the anticipation of death, mourning and survival that provide the key to Derrida's formulation of friendship, is shown to anticipate Derrida's treatise by some millennia.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Thelyology</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Apuleius’s Morphologies of Damage</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>David Youd</PersonName>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;David Youd is a PhD candidate in classics and critical theory at University of California, Berkeley. His published work includes articles and essays on Euripides, Plautus, and Terence. His dissertation, “The Queer Art of Terence,” offers a rereading of Terence’s comedies through the lens of psychoanalysis and queer theory.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Proposing a new interpretative approach to Apuleius’s Metamorphoses, I attempt to shift the locus of deconstructive reading from the novel’s larger narratological structures to its smaller morphologies of bodies, words, and syntax. First, I retrace Derrida’s account in Archive Fever of the integral role of technical form to ontological possibility. As he reminds us, the signifier (the means of recording) reveals by repressing, producing lack even as it engenders the illusion of unitary wholeness. Against this semblance of completion, Derrida conjures the specter of radical alterity and irrecoverable loss that bedevil any archival endeavor. Archive Fever interfaces here with theorizations of late style: the tendency of the artist to turn away from resolution and closure as life’s close reveals its basic fragmentation rather than any essential unity. In both intellectual projects, the supplement meant to redeem the whole is twisted into a revelation of irreparable damage, and this logic of the perverted supplement can be said to condition Apuleius’s novelistic technique. Turning to Thelyphron’s autobiographical tale at the end of book two, I advance a mode of very close reading or “interpretive microscopy” focused on the intricacies of aesthetic form and style. At every turn, as my readings seek to show, Thelyphron transforms his narrative prostheses from archontic technologies of the self into the means of its undoing.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Proposing a new interpretative approach to Apuleius’s Metamorphoses, I attempt to shift the locus of deconstructive reading from the novel’s larger narratological structures to its smaller morphologies of bodies, words, and syntax. First, I retrace Derrida’s account in Archive Fever of the integral role of technical form to ontological possibility. As he reminds us, the signifier (the means of recording) reveals by repressing, producing lack even as it engenders the illusion of unitary wholeness. Against this semblance of completion, Derrida conjures the specter of radical alterity and irrecoverable loss that bedevil any archival endeavor. Archive Fever interfaces here with theorizations of late style: the tendency of the artist to turn away from resolution and closure as life’s close reveals its basic fragmentation rather than any essential unity. In both intellectual projects, the supplement meant to redeem the whole is twisted into a revelation of irreparable damage, and this logic of the perverted supplement can be said to condition Apuleius’s novelistic technique. Turning to Thelyphron’s autobiographical tale at the end of book two, I advance a mode of very close reading or “interpretive microscopy” focused on the intricacies of aesthetic form and style. At every turn, as my readings seek to show, Thelyphron transforms his narrative prostheses from archontic technologies of the self into the means of its undoing.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">“A Lie about Origin”</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Plato’s Archive Fever</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Karen Bassi</PersonName>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Karen Bassi is Research Professor Emerita of Classics and Literature at the University of California, Santa Cruz. She is the author of Acting Like Men, Drama and Nostalgia in Ancient Greece (1998) and Traces of the Past: Classics between History and Archaeology (2016). She co-edited When Worlds Elide: Classics, Politics, Culture with Peter Euben (2010). She is now working on a book titled Imitating the Dead: Facing Death in Ancient Greek Tragedy and Philosophy.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In Book 3 of Plato’s Republic, Socrates argues for what he calls "a lie about origin" (γενναῖον ψεῦδος, 414b-d).  According to this lie, classes of citizens in Kallipolis were originally fashioned under the earth and differentiated by a hierarchy of metals  (gold, silver, iron and brass, 414e-415c). In this paper, I read Socrates’ “lie about origin” in light of Derrida’s reading of Freud in Archive Fever, focused on the intersection of archaeology, epistemology and eschatology. Anticipating the archê of archaeology by anachronism, the myth of the metallic men questions first of all the predictive capability of origin stories. Subject to hesitation but repeated from generation to generation, Socrates’ “lie about origin” also reflects on the recent global crisis. In a pandemic whose beginning and end are unknowable and unpredictable, when the passing of time is measured in death’s approach (à venir), and when we are living in a so-called “post-truth” world, the “lie about origin” examines the conditions under which the past justifies a future (l’avenir). In Derrida’s phrase, it tests the “truth of delusion” (AF 86).&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In Book 3 of Plato’s Republic, Socrates argues for what he calls "a lie about origin" (γενναῖον ψεῦδος, 414b-d).  According to this lie, classes of citizens in Kallipolis were originally fashioned under the earth and differentiated by a hierarchy of metals  (gold, silver, iron and brass, 414e-415c). In this paper, I read Socrates’ “lie about origin” in light of Derrida’s reading of Freud in Archive Fever, focused on the intersection of archaeology, epistemology and eschatology. Anticipating the archê of archaeology by anachronism, the myth of the metallic men questions first of all the predictive capability of origin stories. Subject to hesitation but repeated from generation to generation, Socrates’ “lie about origin” also reflects on the recent global crisis. In a pandemic whose beginning and end are unknowable and unpredictable, when the passing of time is measured in death’s approach (à venir), and when we are living in a so-called “post-truth” world, the “lie about origin” examines the conditions under which the past justifies a future (l’avenir). In Derrida’s phrase, it tests the “truth of delusion” (AF 86).&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Feral Futures, or The Animal That Therefore I Am Not (Less to Follow)</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Andres Matlock</PersonName>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Andres Matlock is an assistant professor in Classics at the University of Georgia, Athens. His research ranges widely over ancient philosophy, Roman literature and culture, and critical theory, with a special focus on ideas of time, nature, and change.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Taking its cue from Derrida’s “The Animal That Therefore I Am (More to Follow),” this chapter considers the dynamic origins and ends of plants. By reading ancient arguments for natural teleology in Cicero and Theophrastus alongside contemporary ecological accounts of feral activity, I outline a critical history of the entanglement between human and non-human agency. From the perspective of the feral future, the human ability to shape the growth of plant life only works from within the vegetal forces that transform us in turn.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Taking its cue from Derrida’s “The Animal That Therefore I Am (More to Follow),” this chapter considers the dynamic origins and ends of plants. By reading ancient arguments for natural teleology in Cicero and Theophrastus alongside contemporary ecological accounts of feral activity, I outline a critical history of the entanglement between human and non-human agency. From the perspective of the feral future, the human ability to shape the growth of plant life only works from within the vegetal forces that transform us in turn.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">“The Sun Is New Every Day” (Heraclitus D-K frg. B6)</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Bruce Rosenstock</PersonName>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Bruce Rosenstock was Professor of Religion and Hebrew Studies, at the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign. He is the author of Philosophy and the Jewish Question: Mendelssohn, Rosenzweig, and Beyond (2010) and Transfinite Life: Oskar Goldberg and the Vitalist Imagination (2017).&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Through an implicit dialogue between Arendt and Derrida, this essay considers the Greek reflection on ephemerality in order to respond to the crisis in what Tim Ingold calls “humanifying,” a crisis that has acquired the unique power to upset the life-sustaining balance of earth and sun. By unpacking the significance of ephemerality in Greek poetic and philosophical sources we gain an insight into the challenge to the future of the species that we have faced with growing urgency since the technological-industrial revolution inaugurated by the invention of the coal-run steam engine. The essay ends with a discussion of Hortense Spillers’s reflections on the Black mother in light of Heraclitus. The conclusion, drawn from a Spillerian reading of Heraclitus, and a Heraclitean reading of Spillers, is that only the powers of natality can “break in upon” the bioengineering imagination of a patriarchal order that has never ceased to hope for a birthday like that of the sun, when a man can spring to life in ever-renewable glory, in “the beautiful homogeneity of the Same.” Death does not have the power to free us from this blinding hope to overcome ephemerality, for death is what drives this hope forward. Only birth can save us.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Through an implicit dialogue between Arendt and Derrida, this essay considers the Greek reflection on ephemerality in order to respond to the crisis in what Tim Ingold calls “humanifying,” a crisis that has acquired the unique power to upset the life-sustaining balance of earth and sun. By unpacking the significance of ephemerality in Greek poetic and philosophical sources we gain an insight into the challenge to the future of the species that we have faced with growing urgency since the technological-industrial revolution inaugurated by the invention of the coal-run steam engine. The essay ends with a discussion of Hortense Spillers’s reflections on the Black mother in light of Heraclitus. The conclusion, drawn from a Spillerian reading of Heraclitus, and a Heraclitean reading of Spillers, is that only the powers of natality can “break in upon” the bioengineering imagination of a patriarchal order that has never ceased to hope for a birthday like that of the sun, when a man can spring to life in ever-renewable glory, in “the beautiful homogeneity of the Same.” Death does not have the power to free us from this blinding hope to overcome ephemerality, for death is what drives this hope forward. Only birth can save us.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Mourning Mourning</TitleText>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Sarah Nooter is the Edward Olson Professor of Classics and Theater and Performance Studies at the University of Chicago. She is the author of When Heroes Sing: Sophocles and the Shifting Soundscape of Tragedy (2012), The Mortal Voice in the Tragedies of Aeschylus (2017), and Greek Poetry in the Age of Ephemerality (2023). She is co-editor with Shane Butler of Sound and the Ancient Senses (2018) and co-editor with Mario Telò of Radical Formalisms: Reading, Theory, and the Boundaries of the Classical (2023). She is the editor and translator of How to Be Queer: An Ancient Guide to Sexuality (2024).&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In this chapter, I examine Jacques Derrida’s take on Sophocles’ portrait of Oedipus’s death in Oedipus at Colonus, and also attempt to answer some of the anxieties presented by Derrida in Of Hospitality and Archive Fever about technology and media, particularly as it all relates to long-lasting present tense of the COVID-19 pandemic. Ultimately, I address questions about how—through what rituals and tricks of time—we mediate delay, disruption, and loss. I close with an examination these themes in a performance of Bill T. Jones called “The Process of Becoming Infinite” and a look at mourning in Sophocles’ Ajax.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In this chapter, I examine Jacques Derrida’s take on Sophocles’ portrait of Oedipus’s death in Oedipus at Colonus, and also attempt to answer some of the anxieties presented by Derrida in Of Hospitality and Archive Fever about technology and media, particularly as it all relates to long-lasting present tense of the COVID-19 pandemic. Ultimately, I address questions about how—through what rituals and tricks of time—we mediate delay, disruption, and loss. I close with an examination these themes in a performance of Bill T. Jones called “The Process of Becoming Infinite” and a look at mourning in Sophocles’ Ajax.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Steps in Time</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Derrida’s Impossible Hospitality and the Apocalyptic Future of Cormac McCarthy’s The Road</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Carol Dougherty</PersonName>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Carol Dougherty is Professor of Classical Studies and Director of Comparative Literary Studies at Wellesley College. She is the author of several books and articles on the literature, politics, and history of mobility and settlement in archaic and classical Greece, including The Raft of Odysseus: The Ethnographic Imagination of Homer’s Odyssey (2011) and, most recently, Travel and Home in Homer and Contemporary Literature (2019). Her current research approaches Greek tragedy within the discourse of hospitality, exploring the political and ethical issues raised by narratives about welcoming the foreigner on the Athenian stage.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This paper argues that the aporia at the heart of  Derrida’s essay on hospitality — its absence, its transgressions, its digressions – perfectly describes the narrative landscape of Cormac McCarthy’s 2006 novel, The Road.  Following  Derrida along McCarthy’s post-apocalyptic road allows the reader to explore the impossible hospitality of a world in which a man and his son must travel without the comforts of home or the safety of houses.  It also suggests the opposite – revealing the experience of homelessness as the pre-condition, both ethical and imaginative, for defining hospitality, our ways of relating to others, as others.  The novel’s aporetic conclusion reduces the novel’s protracted engagement with hospitality and its absence to the simple gesture of accepting what comes (à venir), a gesture that will, in the end, provide a future (l’avenir). Derrida’s meditations on hospitality repeatedly invoke the mythic figure of Oedipus, and this essay concludes by suggesting that reading Oedipus’ death as a final, transgressive act of hospitality might spark new insights into the man’s death in The Road as well as how a Derridean reading of the impossible poetics of hospitality in The Road prompts a similarly productive engagement with time in Sophocles’ Oedipus at Colonus.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This paper argues that the aporia at the heart of  Derrida’s essay on hospitality — its absence, its transgressions, its digressions – perfectly describes the narrative landscape of Cormac McCarthy’s 2006 novel, The Road.  Following  Derrida along McCarthy’s post-apocalyptic road allows the reader to explore the impossible hospitality of a world in which a man and his son must travel without the comforts of home or the safety of houses.  It also suggests the opposite – revealing the experience of homelessness as the pre-condition, both ethical and imaginative, for defining hospitality, our ways of relating to others, as others.  The novel’s aporetic conclusion reduces the novel’s protracted engagement with hospitality and its absence to the simple gesture of accepting what comes (à venir), a gesture that will, in the end, provide a future (l’avenir). Derrida’s meditations on hospitality repeatedly invoke the mythic figure of Oedipus, and this essay concludes by suggesting that reading Oedipus’ death as a final, transgressive act of hospitality might spark new insights into the man’s death in The Road as well as how a Derridean reading of the impossible poetics of hospitality in The Road prompts a similarly productive engagement with time in Sophocles’ Oedipus at Colonus.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Blanchot, Derrida, and the Gimmick</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Writing Disaster in Euripides’s Bacchae</Subtitle>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Mario Telò is Professor of Rhetoric, Comparative Literature, and Ancient Greek and Roman Studies at University of California, Berkeley. He is the author of Aristophanes and the Cloak of Comedy: Affect, Aesthetics and the Canon (2016); Archive Feelings: A Theory of Greek Tragedy (2020); Greek Tragedy in a Global Crisis: Reading through Pandemic Times (2023); Resistant Form: Aristophanes and the Comedy of Crisis (2023); Judith Butler and the Ethics of Greek Tragedy (2024), and the forthcoming Roman Comedy against the Subject and Edward Said and the Late Animal: The Queer Politics of Greco-Roman Style. He is also the co-editor of Greek Comedy and the Discourse of Genres (2013); The Materialities of Greek Tragedy (2018); Queer Euripides (2022); Radical Formalisms (2023); and Niobes: Antiquity, Modernity, Critical Theory (2024)&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;According to Blanchot, “disaster is its imminence…what escapes the very possibility of experience.” This notion of disaster confounds the Derridean a-venir, since it concerns “what one cannot welcome except as the immanence that gratifies.” In this chapter, I use Blanchot’s engagement with Derrida as well as Derrida’s discussion of him in Demeure to reconsider the sense of disaster in Euripides’ Bacchae. Instead of focusing on the Maenads’ vitalistic rage, I linger on an apparently problematic scene: the enactment of Dionysian transgender rituals by two old men, Tiresias and Cadmus. Their jouissance lies in a gratifying passivity before the imminence that, for Blanchot, is dis-aster. In this scene, a prolonged present provoked by a not-yet-materialized catastrophic present evokes the temporality of the “gimmick,” which, for Sianne Ngai, confronts us with “a mode of bad contemporaneity akin to an elongated present.” I dwell on the temporality of hesitation as an alternative that Bacchae offers to the manic claims of decision-making and the future. While waiting is at once an unwelcome intrusion in the Covid era and the perennial condition of the migrants and refugees denied coevalness, in the context of the play the “arrival” (venir) of a “lack” (a-) constituted by the act of waiting and the in-decision of the present’s immobility has the potential to forestall the deceptively liberating future of ecstatic Dionysian time, replacing it with an extended (differently) Dionysian chronicity.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;According to Blanchot, “disaster is its imminence…what escapes the very possibility of experience.” This notion of disaster confounds the Derridean a-venir, since it concerns “what one cannot welcome except as the immanence that gratifies.” In this chapter, I use Blanchot’s engagement with Derrida as well as Derrida’s discussion of him in Demeure to reconsider the sense of disaster in Euripides’ Bacchae. Instead of focusing on the Maenads’ vitalistic rage, I linger on an apparently problematic scene: the enactment of Dionysian transgender rituals by two old men, Tiresias and Cadmus. Their jouissance lies in a gratifying passivity before the imminence that, for Blanchot, is dis-aster. In this scene, a prolonged present provoked by a not-yet-materialized catastrophic present evokes the temporality of the “gimmick,” which, for Sianne Ngai, confronts us with “a mode of bad contemporaneity akin to an elongated present.” I dwell on the temporality of hesitation as an alternative that Bacchae offers to the manic claims of decision-making and the future. While waiting is at once an unwelcome intrusion in the Covid era and the perennial condition of the migrants and refugees denied coevalness, in the context of the play the “arrival” (venir) of a “lack” (a-) constituted by the act of waiting and the in-decision of the present’s immobility has the potential to forestall the deceptively liberating future of ecstatic Dionysian time, replacing it with an extended (differently) Dionysian chronicity.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">The Future of the Past</TitleText>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Ahuvia Kahane is a Fellow of Trinity College Dublin, where he is Regius Professor of Greek and A.G. Leventis Professor of Greek Culture. His forthcoming book is titled Epic, Novel, and the Progress of Antiquity and Orality and the Formula: A Political Rethinking. The co-edited collection Walking Cities: Layer, Trace, Zone, Vector came out in 2024. Together with colleagues from the Royal College of Art and the Ruskin School of Art, he is writing a book, provisionally entitled The Panoramico, on the politics of geometry.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This paper considers the temporality and ethics of democracy, specifically within the context of Pericles’ funeral oration in Thucydides’ History of the Peloponnesian War. Drawing on J. Derrida’s notions of the future-to-come and democracy, reading the oration through the work of Gomm, opposing conservative Anglo-American readings and invoking the political thought of J. Rancière as well as insights from E. Schrödinger, K. Barad and the sciences, the paper argues that democracy, and indeed Pericles’ Athenian democracy is a practice that is the unity of the “one too many” and “the ‘more, always more’ of unsatisfied desire”, a regime that, as Rancière puts it, is “governed by the judicious use of its own un-governability.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This paper considers the temporality and ethics of democracy, specifically within the context of Pericles’ funeral oration in Thucydides’ History of the Peloponnesian War. Drawing on J. Derrida’s notions of the future-to-come and democracy, reading the oration through the work of Gomm, opposing conservative Anglo-American readings and invoking the political thought of J. Rancière as well as insights from E. Schrödinger, K. Barad and the sciences, the paper argues that democracy, and indeed Pericles’ Athenian democracy is a practice that is the unity of the “one too many” and “the ‘more, always more’ of unsatisfied desire”, a regime that, as Rancière puts it, is “governed by the judicious use of its own un-governability.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Before and after Greece and Egypt in the Eighteenth Century</TitleText>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Daniel Orrells is Professor of Classics at King’s College London. He is author of the monographs Classical Culture and Modern Masculinity (2011), Sex: Antiquity and Its Legacy (2015), and Antiquity in Print: Visualizing Greece in the Eighteenth Century (2024).&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This chapter examines the question of the historical relationship—the before and the after—of ancient Greece and Egypt in the eighteenth century, to complicate our narratives about the rise of philhellenism during the Enlightenment. While the eighteenth-century antiquarian turn to material culture has indeed been seen as foundational—the “before”—for the development and institutionalization of the discipline of classics, we will see that the emerging narrative about Europe’s ancient Greek origins was constructed in dialogue with eighteenth-century debates about the Egyptian hieroglyph, the history of writing, and the relationship between image and text. This chapter explores these issues by focussing on an exemplary set of Enlightenment intellectuals and antiquarians: Giambattista Vico, Winckelmann, and d'Hancarville. This chapter shows that the reception of ancient Egypt in the Enlightenment was fundamental to the emergence of the European narrative about its Hellenic origins.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This chapter examines the question of the historical relationship—the before and the after—of ancient Greece and Egypt in the eighteenth century, to complicate our narratives about the rise of philhellenism during the Enlightenment. While the eighteenth-century antiquarian turn to material culture has indeed been seen as foundational—the “before”—for the development and institutionalization of the discipline of classics, we will see that the emerging narrative about Europe’s ancient Greek origins was constructed in dialogue with eighteenth-century debates about the Egyptian hieroglyph, the history of writing, and the relationship between image and text. This chapter explores these issues by focussing on an exemplary set of Enlightenment intellectuals and antiquarians: Giambattista Vico, Winckelmann, and d'Hancarville. This chapter shows that the reception of ancient Egypt in the Enlightenment was fundamental to the emergence of the European narrative about its Hellenic origins.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">After (News That Stays News)</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Sean Gurd</PersonName>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Sean Gurd is a professor in the Department of Classics at the University of Texas at Austin. He has written four monographs: Iphigenias at Aulis: Textual Multiplicity, Radical Philology (2006); Work in Progress: Literary Revision as Social Performance in Ancient Rome (2012); Dissonance: Auditory Aesthetics in Ancient Greece (2016); and The Origins of Music Theory in the Age of Plato (2019). He also edited Philology and Its Histories (2010), and co-edited ’Pataphilology, an Irreader (2018) with Vincent W.J. van Gerven Oei. With Pauline LeVen he edited the Bloomsbury Cultural History of Western Music in Antiquity (2023). He is an editor of Tangent, an imprint of punctum books dedicated to publishing innovative books and projects that touch on classical antiquity and director of the Ancient Music and Performance Lab at the University of Texas at Austin.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;A reflection on general asynchrony as the condition of possibility of experience, with explicit reflections on Proust and Robert Kroetsch.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;A reflection on general asynchrony as the condition of possibility of experience, with explicit reflections on Proust and Robert Kroetsch.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Irony, Philosophy, and Revolution</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">In the Beginning Was the Concept (Socrates and Derrida)</Subtitle>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Paul Allen Miller is Carolina Distinguished Professor at the University of South Carolina. He is the former editor of Transactions of the American Philological Association. He is the author of Lyric Texts and Lyric Consciousness (1994), Latin Erotic Elegy (2002), Subjecting Verses (2004), Latin Verse Satire (2005), Postmodern Spiritual Practices (2007), Plato’s Apology of Socrates (2010, with Charles Platter), A Tibullus Reader (2013), Diotima at the Barricades: French Feminists Read Plato (2015), Horace (2019), and Foucault’s Seminars on Antiquity: Learning to Speak the Truth (2021). He has edited fifteen volumes of essays on literary theory, gender studies, and topics in classics as well as published more than 90 articles on Latin, Greek, French, and English literature, theory, and philosophy. He is currently at work on Truth and Enjoyment: Cicero Beyond the Pleasure Principle.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;If we “do justice” to Socrates—not as the Athenian people did, which Hegel considered just and necessary—but if we let him roam free, if we set no limit to the testing he does of us and our fellow citizens, then the Socratic impulse is both profoundly ironic and ultimately revolutionary: for this moment of irony is that in which new thought and new concepts can emerge, and this moment is a necessary, if not sufficient, cause of fundamental social change. To make this case for the revolutionary potential of irony and the movement of the concept, I enlist the help of Jacques Derrida. In particular, I will make use of his notion of “hauntology” as elaborated in Spectres of Marx and related works from the eighties and nineties.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;If we “do justice” to Socrates—not as the Athenian people did, which Hegel considered just and necessary—but if we let him roam free, if we set no limit to the testing he does of us and our fellow citizens, then the Socratic impulse is both profoundly ironic and ultimately revolutionary: for this moment of irony is that in which new thought and new concepts can emerge, and this moment is a necessary, if not sufficient, cause of fundamental social change. To make this case for the revolutionary potential of irony and the movement of the concept, I enlist the help of Jacques Derrida. In particular, I will make use of his notion of “hauntology” as elaborated in Spectres of Marx and related works from the eighties and nineties.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <Subtitle language="eng">The Spectral Planets of Derrida and Gene Wolfe</Subtitle>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This chapter examines Gene Wolfe’s science-fiction tetralogy, The Book of the New Sun, alongside other literary and philosophical texts from the waning of the Cold War, including Jameson’s The Geopolitical Aesthetic and Derrida’s Specters of Marx. Wolfe repurposes classical imagery and tropes of late Roman decadence to construct a fictional world in which the archaic, the modern, and the futuristic coexist in a single picture. I interpret Wolfe’s anachronic classicism in light of other late 20th-century authors who diagnosed the temporal disorientation of capitalist globalization and the “end of history.” Wolfe and his contemporaries explore the ethical and political affordances of “world-pictures,” totalizing depictions of an interconnected planetary reality that might orient the subjects of globalization within its intractable crises. In Wolfe’s novels, the untimeliness of Greco-Roman antiquity serves as a productive resource for constructing such pictures. I conclude by considering the dilemmas that Wolfe’s sci-fi speculations raise regarding the temporality of classical receptions.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This chapter examines Gene Wolfe’s science-fiction tetralogy, The Book of the New Sun, alongside other literary and philosophical texts from the waning of the Cold War, including Jameson’s The Geopolitical Aesthetic and Derrida’s Specters of Marx. Wolfe repurposes classical imagery and tropes of late Roman decadence to construct a fictional world in which the archaic, the modern, and the futuristic coexist in a single picture. I interpret Wolfe’s anachronic classicism in light of other late 20th-century authors who diagnosed the temporal disorientation of capitalist globalization and the “end of history.” Wolfe and his contemporaries explore the ethical and political affordances of “world-pictures,” totalizing depictions of an interconnected planetary reality that might orient the subjects of globalization within its intractable crises. In Wolfe’s novels, the untimeliness of Greco-Roman antiquity serves as a productive resource for constructing such pictures. I conclude by considering the dilemmas that Wolfe’s sci-fi speculations raise regarding the temporality of classical receptions.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">The Spectral Life of Friends</TitleText>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Francesca Martelli is Associate Professor of Classics at University of California, Los Angeles. She is the author of two books on Ovid: Ovid’s Revisions: The Editor as Author (2013) and Ovid: Brill Research Perspectives on Ancient Poetry (2020), and co-editor (along with Giulia Sissa) of a volume of essays on Ovid’s Metamorphoses as a seminal work of ecocritique (2023). Her most recent publication is a book on Cicero’s letters, Souvenirs of Cicero: Shaping Memory in the Epistulae ad Familiares (2024), which maintains a persistent interest in placing Latin texts in dialogue with the work and thought of Jacques Derrida.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This paper digs into Derrida's critical engagement in The Politics of Friendship with Cicero's idealised portrait of friendship in On Friendship. It argues that the issue Derrida takes with Cicero's narcissistic model of friendship as a relationship of similitude, as exemplified by the historic friendship between Scipio and Laelius, is in fact belied by the friendship that hovers around the margins of this text: that between Cicero and Atticus, the dedicatee of On Friendship, whose unequal status with Cicero is a precondition for the alterity at the heart of their friendship, along thoroughly Derridean lines. The paper then seeks to show how Cicero's Letters to Atticus further exemplifies Derrida's fundamental insight about another aspect of the friend's alterity -- namely, the fact that one friend dies before the other, leaving the latter to commemorate and mourn the one who dies first. Cicero's posthumously published collection of Letters to Atticus displays this asynchronicity in its very structure, as the letters in the opening book are shown to have been chosen for their resonance with moments from the very end of Cicero's life, which Atticus outlived. Cicero's Letters to Atticus, structured as it is by the anticipation of death, mourning and survival that provide the key to Derrida's formulation of friendship, is shown to anticipate Derrida's treatise by some millennia.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This paper digs into Derrida's critical engagement in The Politics of Friendship with Cicero's idealised portrait of friendship in On Friendship. It argues that the issue Derrida takes with Cicero's narcissistic model of friendship as a relationship of similitude, as exemplified by the historic friendship between Scipio and Laelius, is in fact belied by the friendship that hovers around the margins of this text: that between Cicero and Atticus, the dedicatee of On Friendship, whose unequal status with Cicero is a precondition for the alterity at the heart of their friendship, along thoroughly Derridean lines. The paper then seeks to show how Cicero's Letters to Atticus further exemplifies Derrida's fundamental insight about another aspect of the friend's alterity -- namely, the fact that one friend dies before the other, leaving the latter to commemorate and mourn the one who dies first. Cicero's posthumously published collection of Letters to Atticus displays this asynchronicity in its very structure, as the letters in the opening book are shown to have been chosen for their resonance with moments from the very end of Cicero's life, which Atticus outlived. Cicero's Letters to Atticus, structured as it is by the anticipation of death, mourning and survival that provide the key to Derrida's formulation of friendship, is shown to anticipate Derrida's treatise by some millennia.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Thelyology</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Apuleius’s Morphologies of Damage</Subtitle>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;David Youd is a PhD candidate in classics and critical theory at University of California, Berkeley. His published work includes articles and essays on Euripides, Plautus, and Terence. His dissertation, “The Queer Art of Terence,” offers a rereading of Terence’s comedies through the lens of psychoanalysis and queer theory.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Proposing a new interpretative approach to Apuleius’s Metamorphoses, I attempt to shift the locus of deconstructive reading from the novel’s larger narratological structures to its smaller morphologies of bodies, words, and syntax. First, I retrace Derrida’s account in Archive Fever of the integral role of technical form to ontological possibility. As he reminds us, the signifier (the means of recording) reveals by repressing, producing lack even as it engenders the illusion of unitary wholeness. Against this semblance of completion, Derrida conjures the specter of radical alterity and irrecoverable loss that bedevil any archival endeavor. Archive Fever interfaces here with theorizations of late style: the tendency of the artist to turn away from resolution and closure as life’s close reveals its basic fragmentation rather than any essential unity. In both intellectual projects, the supplement meant to redeem the whole is twisted into a revelation of irreparable damage, and this logic of the perverted supplement can be said to condition Apuleius’s novelistic technique. Turning to Thelyphron’s autobiographical tale at the end of book two, I advance a mode of very close reading or “interpretive microscopy” focused on the intricacies of aesthetic form and style. At every turn, as my readings seek to show, Thelyphron transforms his narrative prostheses from archontic technologies of the self into the means of its undoing.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Proposing a new interpretative approach to Apuleius’s Metamorphoses, I attempt to shift the locus of deconstructive reading from the novel’s larger narratological structures to its smaller morphologies of bodies, words, and syntax. First, I retrace Derrida’s account in Archive Fever of the integral role of technical form to ontological possibility. As he reminds us, the signifier (the means of recording) reveals by repressing, producing lack even as it engenders the illusion of unitary wholeness. Against this semblance of completion, Derrida conjures the specter of radical alterity and irrecoverable loss that bedevil any archival endeavor. Archive Fever interfaces here with theorizations of late style: the tendency of the artist to turn away from resolution and closure as life’s close reveals its basic fragmentation rather than any essential unity. In both intellectual projects, the supplement meant to redeem the whole is twisted into a revelation of irreparable damage, and this logic of the perverted supplement can be said to condition Apuleius’s novelistic technique. Turning to Thelyphron’s autobiographical tale at the end of book two, I advance a mode of very close reading or “interpretive microscopy” focused on the intricacies of aesthetic form and style. At every turn, as my readings seek to show, Thelyphron transforms his narrative prostheses from archontic technologies of the self into the means of its undoing.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">“A Lie about Origin”</TitleText>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In Book 3 of Plato’s Republic, Socrates argues for what he calls "a lie about origin" (γενναῖον ψεῦδος, 414b-d).  According to this lie, classes of citizens in Kallipolis were originally fashioned under the earth and differentiated by a hierarchy of metals  (gold, silver, iron and brass, 414e-415c). In this paper, I read Socrates’ “lie about origin” in light of Derrida’s reading of Freud in Archive Fever, focused on the intersection of archaeology, epistemology and eschatology. Anticipating the archê of archaeology by anachronism, the myth of the metallic men questions first of all the predictive capability of origin stories. Subject to hesitation but repeated from generation to generation, Socrates’ “lie about origin” also reflects on the recent global crisis. In a pandemic whose beginning and end are unknowable and unpredictable, when the passing of time is measured in death’s approach (à venir), and when we are living in a so-called “post-truth” world, the “lie about origin” examines the conditions under which the past justifies a future (l’avenir). In Derrida’s phrase, it tests the “truth of delusion” (AF 86).&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In Book 3 of Plato’s Republic, Socrates argues for what he calls "a lie about origin" (γενναῖον ψεῦδος, 414b-d).  According to this lie, classes of citizens in Kallipolis were originally fashioned under the earth and differentiated by a hierarchy of metals  (gold, silver, iron and brass, 414e-415c). In this paper, I read Socrates’ “lie about origin” in light of Derrida’s reading of Freud in Archive Fever, focused on the intersection of archaeology, epistemology and eschatology. Anticipating the archê of archaeology by anachronism, the myth of the metallic men questions first of all the predictive capability of origin stories. Subject to hesitation but repeated from generation to generation, Socrates’ “lie about origin” also reflects on the recent global crisis. In a pandemic whose beginning and end are unknowable and unpredictable, when the passing of time is measured in death’s approach (à venir), and when we are living in a so-called “post-truth” world, the “lie about origin” examines the conditions under which the past justifies a future (l’avenir). In Derrida’s phrase, it tests the “truth of delusion” (AF 86).&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Feral Futures, or The Animal That Therefore I Am Not (Less to Follow)</TitleText>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Andres Matlock is an assistant professor in Classics at the University of Georgia, Athens. His research ranges widely over ancient philosophy, Roman literature and culture, and critical theory, with a special focus on ideas of time, nature, and change.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Taking its cue from Derrida’s “The Animal That Therefore I Am (More to Follow),” this chapter considers the dynamic origins and ends of plants. By reading ancient arguments for natural teleology in Cicero and Theophrastus alongside contemporary ecological accounts of feral activity, I outline a critical history of the entanglement between human and non-human agency. From the perspective of the feral future, the human ability to shape the growth of plant life only works from within the vegetal forces that transform us in turn.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Taking its cue from Derrida’s “The Animal That Therefore I Am (More to Follow),” this chapter considers the dynamic origins and ends of plants. By reading ancient arguments for natural teleology in Cicero and Theophrastus alongside contemporary ecological accounts of feral activity, I outline a critical history of the entanglement between human and non-human agency. From the perspective of the feral future, the human ability to shape the growth of plant life only works from within the vegetal forces that transform us in turn.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">“The Sun Is New Every Day” (Heraclitus D-K frg. B6)</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Bruce Rosenstock</PersonName>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Bruce Rosenstock was Professor of Religion and Hebrew Studies, at the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign. He is the author of Philosophy and the Jewish Question: Mendelssohn, Rosenzweig, and Beyond (2010) and Transfinite Life: Oskar Goldberg and the Vitalist Imagination (2017).&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Through an implicit dialogue between Arendt and Derrida, this essay considers the Greek reflection on ephemerality in order to respond to the crisis in what Tim Ingold calls “humanifying,” a crisis that has acquired the unique power to upset the life-sustaining balance of earth and sun. By unpacking the significance of ephemerality in Greek poetic and philosophical sources we gain an insight into the challenge to the future of the species that we have faced with growing urgency since the technological-industrial revolution inaugurated by the invention of the coal-run steam engine. The essay ends with a discussion of Hortense Spillers’s reflections on the Black mother in light of Heraclitus. The conclusion, drawn from a Spillerian reading of Heraclitus, and a Heraclitean reading of Spillers, is that only the powers of natality can “break in upon” the bioengineering imagination of a patriarchal order that has never ceased to hope for a birthday like that of the sun, when a man can spring to life in ever-renewable glory, in “the beautiful homogeneity of the Same.” Death does not have the power to free us from this blinding hope to overcome ephemerality, for death is what drives this hope forward. Only birth can save us.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Through an implicit dialogue between Arendt and Derrida, this essay considers the Greek reflection on ephemerality in order to respond to the crisis in what Tim Ingold calls “humanifying,” a crisis that has acquired the unique power to upset the life-sustaining balance of earth and sun. By unpacking the significance of ephemerality in Greek poetic and philosophical sources we gain an insight into the challenge to the future of the species that we have faced with growing urgency since the technological-industrial revolution inaugurated by the invention of the coal-run steam engine. The essay ends with a discussion of Hortense Spillers’s reflections on the Black mother in light of Heraclitus. The conclusion, drawn from a Spillerian reading of Heraclitus, and a Heraclitean reading of Spillers, is that only the powers of natality can “break in upon” the bioengineering imagination of a patriarchal order that has never ceased to hope for a birthday like that of the sun, when a man can spring to life in ever-renewable glory, in “the beautiful homogeneity of the Same.” Death does not have the power to free us from this blinding hope to overcome ephemerality, for death is what drives this hope forward. Only birth can save us.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Mourning Mourning</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Sophocles, Derrida, and Delay</Subtitle>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Sarah Nooter is the Edward Olson Professor of Classics and Theater and Performance Studies at the University of Chicago. She is the author of When Heroes Sing: Sophocles and the Shifting Soundscape of Tragedy (2012), The Mortal Voice in the Tragedies of Aeschylus (2017), and Greek Poetry in the Age of Ephemerality (2023). She is co-editor with Shane Butler of Sound and the Ancient Senses (2018) and co-editor with Mario Telò of Radical Formalisms: Reading, Theory, and the Boundaries of the Classical (2023). She is the editor and translator of How to Be Queer: An Ancient Guide to Sexuality (2024).&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In this chapter, I examine Jacques Derrida’s take on Sophocles’ portrait of Oedipus’s death in Oedipus at Colonus, and also attempt to answer some of the anxieties presented by Derrida in Of Hospitality and Archive Fever about technology and media, particularly as it all relates to long-lasting present tense of the COVID-19 pandemic. Ultimately, I address questions about how—through what rituals and tricks of time—we mediate delay, disruption, and loss. I close with an examination these themes in a performance of Bill T. Jones called “The Process of Becoming Infinite” and a look at mourning in Sophocles’ Ajax.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In this chapter, I examine Jacques Derrida’s take on Sophocles’ portrait of Oedipus’s death in Oedipus at Colonus, and also attempt to answer some of the anxieties presented by Derrida in Of Hospitality and Archive Fever about technology and media, particularly as it all relates to long-lasting present tense of the COVID-19 pandemic. Ultimately, I address questions about how—through what rituals and tricks of time—we mediate delay, disruption, and loss. I close with an examination these themes in a performance of Bill T. Jones called “The Process of Becoming Infinite” and a look at mourning in Sophocles’ Ajax.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Steps in Time</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Derrida’s Impossible Hospitality and the Apocalyptic Future of Cormac McCarthy’s The Road</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Carol Dougherty</PersonName>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Carol Dougherty is Professor of Classical Studies and Director of Comparative Literary Studies at Wellesley College. She is the author of several books and articles on the literature, politics, and history of mobility and settlement in archaic and classical Greece, including The Raft of Odysseus: The Ethnographic Imagination of Homer’s Odyssey (2011) and, most recently, Travel and Home in Homer and Contemporary Literature (2019). Her current research approaches Greek tragedy within the discourse of hospitality, exploring the political and ethical issues raised by narratives about welcoming the foreigner on the Athenian stage.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This paper argues that the aporia at the heart of  Derrida’s essay on hospitality — its absence, its transgressions, its digressions – perfectly describes the narrative landscape of Cormac McCarthy’s 2006 novel, The Road.  Following  Derrida along McCarthy’s post-apocalyptic road allows the reader to explore the impossible hospitality of a world in which a man and his son must travel without the comforts of home or the safety of houses.  It also suggests the opposite – revealing the experience of homelessness as the pre-condition, both ethical and imaginative, for defining hospitality, our ways of relating to others, as others.  The novel’s aporetic conclusion reduces the novel’s protracted engagement with hospitality and its absence to the simple gesture of accepting what comes (à venir), a gesture that will, in the end, provide a future (l’avenir). Derrida’s meditations on hospitality repeatedly invoke the mythic figure of Oedipus, and this essay concludes by suggesting that reading Oedipus’ death as a final, transgressive act of hospitality might spark new insights into the man’s death in The Road as well as how a Derridean reading of the impossible poetics of hospitality in The Road prompts a similarly productive engagement with time in Sophocles’ Oedipus at Colonus.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This paper argues that the aporia at the heart of  Derrida’s essay on hospitality — its absence, its transgressions, its digressions – perfectly describes the narrative landscape of Cormac McCarthy’s 2006 novel, The Road.  Following  Derrida along McCarthy’s post-apocalyptic road allows the reader to explore the impossible hospitality of a world in which a man and his son must travel without the comforts of home or the safety of houses.  It also suggests the opposite – revealing the experience of homelessness as the pre-condition, both ethical and imaginative, for defining hospitality, our ways of relating to others, as others.  The novel’s aporetic conclusion reduces the novel’s protracted engagement with hospitality and its absence to the simple gesture of accepting what comes (à venir), a gesture that will, in the end, provide a future (l’avenir). Derrida’s meditations on hospitality repeatedly invoke the mythic figure of Oedipus, and this essay concludes by suggesting that reading Oedipus’ death as a final, transgressive act of hospitality might spark new insights into the man’s death in The Road as well as how a Derridean reading of the impossible poetics of hospitality in The Road prompts a similarly productive engagement with time in Sophocles’ Oedipus at Colonus.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Blanchot, Derrida, and the Gimmick</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Writing Disaster in Euripides’s Bacchae</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Mario Telò</PersonName>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Mario Telò is Professor of Rhetoric, Comparative Literature, and Ancient Greek and Roman Studies at University of California, Berkeley. He is the author of Aristophanes and the Cloak of Comedy: Affect, Aesthetics and the Canon (2016); Archive Feelings: A Theory of Greek Tragedy (2020); Greek Tragedy in a Global Crisis: Reading through Pandemic Times (2023); Resistant Form: Aristophanes and the Comedy of Crisis (2023); Judith Butler and the Ethics of Greek Tragedy (2024), and the forthcoming Roman Comedy against the Subject and Edward Said and the Late Animal: The Queer Politics of Greco-Roman Style. He is also the co-editor of Greek Comedy and the Discourse of Genres (2013); The Materialities of Greek Tragedy (2018); Queer Euripides (2022); Radical Formalisms (2023); and Niobes: Antiquity, Modernity, Critical Theory (2024)&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;According to Blanchot, “disaster is its imminence…what escapes the very possibility of experience.” This notion of disaster confounds the Derridean a-venir, since it concerns “what one cannot welcome except as the immanence that gratifies.” In this chapter, I use Blanchot’s engagement with Derrida as well as Derrida’s discussion of him in Demeure to reconsider the sense of disaster in Euripides’ Bacchae. Instead of focusing on the Maenads’ vitalistic rage, I linger on an apparently problematic scene: the enactment of Dionysian transgender rituals by two old men, Tiresias and Cadmus. Their jouissance lies in a gratifying passivity before the imminence that, for Blanchot, is dis-aster. In this scene, a prolonged present provoked by a not-yet-materialized catastrophic present evokes the temporality of the “gimmick,” which, for Sianne Ngai, confronts us with “a mode of bad contemporaneity akin to an elongated present.” I dwell on the temporality of hesitation as an alternative that Bacchae offers to the manic claims of decision-making and the future. While waiting is at once an unwelcome intrusion in the Covid era and the perennial condition of the migrants and refugees denied coevalness, in the context of the play the “arrival” (venir) of a “lack” (a-) constituted by the act of waiting and the in-decision of the present’s immobility has the potential to forestall the deceptively liberating future of ecstatic Dionysian time, replacing it with an extended (differently) Dionysian chronicity.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;According to Blanchot, “disaster is its imminence…what escapes the very possibility of experience.” This notion of disaster confounds the Derridean a-venir, since it concerns “what one cannot welcome except as the immanence that gratifies.” In this chapter, I use Blanchot’s engagement with Derrida as well as Derrida’s discussion of him in Demeure to reconsider the sense of disaster in Euripides’ Bacchae. Instead of focusing on the Maenads’ vitalistic rage, I linger on an apparently problematic scene: the enactment of Dionysian transgender rituals by two old men, Tiresias and Cadmus. Their jouissance lies in a gratifying passivity before the imminence that, for Blanchot, is dis-aster. In this scene, a prolonged present provoked by a not-yet-materialized catastrophic present evokes the temporality of the “gimmick,” which, for Sianne Ngai, confronts us with “a mode of bad contemporaneity akin to an elongated present.” I dwell on the temporality of hesitation as an alternative that Bacchae offers to the manic claims of decision-making and the future. While waiting is at once an unwelcome intrusion in the Covid era and the perennial condition of the migrants and refugees denied coevalness, in the context of the play the “arrival” (venir) of a “lack” (a-) constituted by the act of waiting and the in-decision of the present’s immobility has the potential to forestall the deceptively liberating future of ecstatic Dionysian time, replacing it with an extended (differently) Dionysian chronicity.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <PersonName>Mario Telò</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">The Future of the Past</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Pericles, History, and Athenian Democracy</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Ahuvia Kahane</PersonName>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Ahuvia Kahane is a Fellow of Trinity College Dublin, where he is Regius Professor of Greek and A.G. Leventis Professor of Greek Culture. His forthcoming book is titled Epic, Novel, and the Progress of Antiquity and Orality and the Formula: A Political Rethinking. The co-edited collection Walking Cities: Layer, Trace, Zone, Vector came out in 2024. Together with colleagues from the Royal College of Art and the Ruskin School of Art, he is writing a book, provisionally entitled The Panoramico, on the politics of geometry.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This paper considers the temporality and ethics of democracy, specifically within the context of Pericles’ funeral oration in Thucydides’ History of the Peloponnesian War. Drawing on J. Derrida’s notions of the future-to-come and democracy, reading the oration through the work of Gomm, opposing conservative Anglo-American readings and invoking the political thought of J. Rancière as well as insights from E. Schrödinger, K. Barad and the sciences, the paper argues that democracy, and indeed Pericles’ Athenian democracy is a practice that is the unity of the “one too many” and “the ‘more, always more’ of unsatisfied desire”, a regime that, as Rancière puts it, is “governed by the judicious use of its own un-governability.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This paper considers the temporality and ethics of democracy, specifically within the context of Pericles’ funeral oration in Thucydides’ History of the Peloponnesian War. Drawing on J. Derrida’s notions of the future-to-come and democracy, reading the oration through the work of Gomm, opposing conservative Anglo-American readings and invoking the political thought of J. Rancière as well as insights from E. Schrödinger, K. Barad and the sciences, the paper argues that democracy, and indeed Pericles’ Athenian democracy is a practice that is the unity of the “one too many” and “the ‘more, always more’ of unsatisfied desire”, a regime that, as Rancière puts it, is “governed by the judicious use of its own un-governability.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <PersonName>Ahuvia Kahane</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Before and after Greece and Egypt in the Eighteenth Century</TitleText>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Daniel Orrells is Professor of Classics at King’s College London. He is author of the monographs Classical Culture and Modern Masculinity (2011), Sex: Antiquity and Its Legacy (2015), and Antiquity in Print: Visualizing Greece in the Eighteenth Century (2024).&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This chapter examines the question of the historical relationship—the before and the after—of ancient Greece and Egypt in the eighteenth century, to complicate our narratives about the rise of philhellenism during the Enlightenment. While the eighteenth-century antiquarian turn to material culture has indeed been seen as foundational—the “before”—for the development and institutionalization of the discipline of classics, we will see that the emerging narrative about Europe’s ancient Greek origins was constructed in dialogue with eighteenth-century debates about the Egyptian hieroglyph, the history of writing, and the relationship between image and text. This chapter explores these issues by focussing on an exemplary set of Enlightenment intellectuals and antiquarians: Giambattista Vico, Winckelmann, and d'Hancarville. This chapter shows that the reception of ancient Egypt in the Enlightenment was fundamental to the emergence of the European narrative about its Hellenic origins.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This chapter examines the question of the historical relationship—the before and the after—of ancient Greece and Egypt in the eighteenth century, to complicate our narratives about the rise of philhellenism during the Enlightenment. While the eighteenth-century antiquarian turn to material culture has indeed been seen as foundational—the “before”—for the development and institutionalization of the discipline of classics, we will see that the emerging narrative about Europe’s ancient Greek origins was constructed in dialogue with eighteenth-century debates about the Egyptian hieroglyph, the history of writing, and the relationship between image and text. This chapter explores these issues by focussing on an exemplary set of Enlightenment intellectuals and antiquarians: Giambattista Vico, Winckelmann, and d'Hancarville. This chapter shows that the reception of ancient Egypt in the Enlightenment was fundamental to the emergence of the European narrative about its Hellenic origins.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">After (News That Stays News)</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Sean Gurd</PersonName>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Sean Gurd is a professor in the Department of Classics at the University of Texas at Austin. He has written four monographs: Iphigenias at Aulis: Textual Multiplicity, Radical Philology (2006); Work in Progress: Literary Revision as Social Performance in Ancient Rome (2012); Dissonance: Auditory Aesthetics in Ancient Greece (2016); and The Origins of Music Theory in the Age of Plato (2019). He also edited Philology and Its Histories (2010), and co-edited ’Pataphilology, an Irreader (2018) with Vincent W.J. van Gerven Oei. With Pauline LeVen he edited the Bloomsbury Cultural History of Western Music in Antiquity (2023). He is an editor of Tangent, an imprint of punctum books dedicated to publishing innovative books and projects that touch on classical antiquity and director of the Ancient Music and Performance Lab at the University of Texas at Austin.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;A reflection on general asynchrony as the condition of possibility of experience, with explicit reflections on Proust and Robert Kroetsch.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;A reflection on general asynchrony as the condition of possibility of experience, with explicit reflections on Proust and Robert Kroetsch.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The Bodies That Remain is a collection of bodies and absences.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Through biography, experimental essay, interview, fictional manifestation, and poetic extraction, The Bodies That Remain is a collection of texts and images on the bodies of artists and writers who battled with the frustration of their own physicality and whose work reckoned with these limitations and continued beyond them.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The essays in The Bodies That Remain look back at how the identities of these bodies were shaped by the spaces around them, through the retelling of memory, through stories told by others, of how their work, processed by their body, made it possible for others to experience sensations – mourning, desire, or a nostalgia that could not belong to another, to another’s body – and in capturing this ability, their work confirms the body’s urgency.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Amongst others, The Bodies That Remain tells the story of Emily Dickinson’s decay, the missing grave of Valeska Gert, the voice and sound of the body of Judee Sill, and the derailed body (and work) of Jane Bowles. It questions the absent body but broken organs of JT Leroy as they find themselves scattered across texts, and also interrogates the loss of distinction of illness for Jules de Goncourt as syphilis riddled his nervous system. It retrieves the illusory body of Kathy Acker through dream and through horror, sees the morphing body of Michael Jackson in becoming all of the bodies he was asked to be, and looks toward Sylvia Plath and the language of her own body.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Where ‘body’ as a verb makes material something abstract, The Bodies That Remain, as a collection, became bodily.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The  Bodies  That  Remain  arrived  on  its  own  terms.  I  spent  the  next  two  years  gathering  examples.  Throughout  the  process  people  would  ask  me  periodically  if  I  understood  the  book  as  a  ‘body  of  work’.  It  was  a  collection,  so  this  was  a  possibility.  But  somehow  this  felt  too  complete.  The  only  physical  body  I  had ever known truly was chaotic, anxious, constantly moving. At  the  beginning,  the  book  felt  like  this  too;  it  was  unpredict-able. The writing within shifted form, changed tone, pace, even subject; as though scattered parts, the texts arrived in my inbox from studios in New York, Philadelphia, Chicago; from hillsides in  Yorkshire  and  the  silent  landscapes  of  the  French  country-side;  from  London  back  rooms,  Belfast  laboratories  and  even  from aboard ship, in the middle of the ocean. It was a peculiar experience coming to care viscerally about the words of others as though it were their bodies I was working with; caring for the bodies being spoken about—the fictions, truths, pain, the shar-ing of bodies and their absences; learning how to allow a body to appear in writing without becoming the body.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The  Bodies  That  Remain  arrived  on  its  own  terms.  I  spent  the  next  two  years  gathering  examples.  Throughout  the  process  people  would  ask  me  periodically  if  I  understood  the  book  as  a  ‘body  of  work’.  It  was  a  collection,  so  this  was  a  possibility.  But  somehow  this  felt  too  complete.  The  only  physical  body  I  had ever known truly was chaotic, anxious, constantly moving. At  the  beginning,  the  book  felt  like  this  too;  it  was  unpredict-able. The writing within shifted form, changed tone, pace, even subject; as though scattered parts, the texts arrived in my inbox from studios in New York, Philadelphia, Chicago; from hillsides in  Yorkshire  and  the  silent  landscapes  of  the  French  country-side;  from  London  back  rooms,  Belfast  laboratories  and  even  from aboard ship, in the middle of the ocean. It was a peculiar experience coming to care viscerally about the words of others as though it were their bodies I was working with; caring for the bodies being spoken about—the fictions, truths, pain, the shar-ing of bodies and their absences; learning how to allow a body to appear in writing without becoming the body.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Jane Bowles was born on February 22, 1917, a short, usually harsh month—it seems right for her. Bowles’s unique writing and life were  cut  short,  derailed  by  neuroses,  alcoholism,  physical  ill-ness.  Her  friends  remember  her  sharp  wit,  agile  mind,  gaiety,  humor, outrageousness. While she lived, stories about wild Jane Bowles circulated in Tangier where she resided from 1948. Back then  she  was  a  living  legend,  but  the  flux  of  reputation—here  today,  gone  tomorrow—sends  her  body  of  work  into  and  out  of print (OP). Among certain contemporary writers, including Lydia Davis, Deborah  Eisenberg,  Michael  Cunningham,  Jane  Bowles  is  cel-ebrated and revered for her work, notably her sole, singular novel Two Serious Ladies (1943).1 It has also been praised exuberantly by Tennessee Williams, Truman Capote, and John Ashbery. Bowles finished six stories, and a play, In The Summer House, which ran on Broadway in 1954, with incidental music by Paul Bowles.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Jane Bowles was born on February 22, 1917, a short, usually harsh month—it seems right for her. Bowles’s unique writing and life were  cut  short,  derailed  by  neuroses,  alcoholism,  physical  ill-ness.  Her  friends  remember  her  sharp  wit,  agile  mind,  gaiety,  humor, outrageousness. While she lived, stories about wild Jane Bowles circulated in Tangier where she resided from 1948. Back then  she  was  a  living  legend,  but  the  flux  of  reputation—here  today,  gone  tomorrow—sends  her  body  of  work  into  and  out  of print (OP). Among certain contemporary writers, including Lydia Davis, Deborah  Eisenberg,  Michael  Cunningham,  Jane  Bowles  is  cel-ebrated and revered for her work, notably her sole, singular novel Two Serious Ladies (1943).1 It has also been praised exuberantly by Tennessee Williams, Truman Capote, and John Ashbery. Bowles finished six stories, and a play, In The Summer House, which ran on Broadway in 1954, with incidental music by Paul Bowles.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Be Michael Jackson. Keep singing, but shrug your shoulders and smile and be lots of different faces and then be Tyra Banks. John Landis yells: ‘Cut! That was perfect! How’d you do that???’Be molten gold. Be the dream of molten gold, all sparkles. Turn into Michael Jackson and seduce the supermodel Iman. Be sand to escape her palace guards.Be water. Rise up in front of waterfalls and dance. Dance with the shoulders. Turn into Lisa ‘Left Eye’ Lopes and rap about the problems of the 1990s. Rap ‘believe in yourself, the rest is up to me and you.’Stay water but be a tentacle with a face on it for James Cameron. Learn about tongues. Be the T-1000, be liquid metal again, walk through fire, be disguised as a floor.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Be Michael Jackson. Keep singing, but shrug your shoulders and smile and be lots of different faces and then be Tyra Banks. John Landis yells: ‘Cut! That was perfect! How’d you do that???’Be molten gold. Be the dream of molten gold, all sparkles. Turn into Michael Jackson and seduce the supermodel Iman. Be sand to escape her palace guards.Be water. Rise up in front of waterfalls and dance. Dance with the shoulders. Turn into Lisa ‘Left Eye’ Lopes and rap about the problems of the 1990s. Rap ‘believe in yourself, the rest is up to me and you.’Stay water but be a tentacle with a face on it for James Cameron. Learn about tongues. Be the T-1000, be liquid metal again, walk through fire, be disguised as a floor.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Bodies are private, performative meatshells. They hold cancers and desire, and pain and joy, and sometimes other bodies too. I realized I had one when I felt sex pleasure, at three, one of my first memories, and also when my mom’s shape changed before my little sister was born. I don’t know anything about your body unless you tell me. Even if you don’t use words, and even though I’ll give you water, food, and aspirin anyway, if you have a head-ache.  If  some  bodies  remain,  others  must  not.  I  feed  myself.  I  believe in ghosts. Another thing I know is how to hear Judee Sill’s voice. Ed gave me two of her albums and right now I listen to them on my way to work. Outside the windows I see mountains, sky, metal-and-wood stands selling fruit and plants. Usually I am drinking lots of coffee very quickly. Crumbling toast in my lap. Judee’s voice needed  her  body  to  be.  Her  body  isn’t  here  anymore,  but  its  sounds are, somehow, because I can press a button and my ears fill  with  them.  In  Judee’s  absence—in  the  absence  of  someone  I  never  met—I  feel  more  myself.  I  am  trying  to  be  as  clear  as  possible here. I don’t think any of this is obvious.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Bodies are private, performative meatshells. They hold cancers and desire, and pain and joy, and sometimes other bodies too. I realized I had one when I felt sex pleasure, at three, one of my first memories, and also when my mom’s shape changed before my little sister was born. I don’t know anything about your body unless you tell me. Even if you don’t use words, and even though I’ll give you water, food, and aspirin anyway, if you have a head-ache.  If  some  bodies  remain,  others  must  not.  I  feed  myself.  I  believe in ghosts. Another thing I know is how to hear Judee Sill’s voice. Ed gave me two of her albums and right now I listen to them on my way to work. Outside the windows I see mountains, sky, metal-and-wood stands selling fruit and plants. Usually I am drinking lots of coffee very quickly. Crumbling toast in my lap. Judee’s voice needed  her  body  to  be.  Her  body  isn’t  here  anymore,  but  its  sounds are, somehow, because I can press a button and my ears fill  with  them.  In  Judee’s  absence—in  the  absence  of  someone  I  never  met—I  feel  more  myself.  I  am  trying  to  be  as  clear  as  possible here. I don’t think any of this is obvious.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;About her eyes, and her face, we know the most. It is what we look upon first, look upon most, when we meet someone, it is true,  yet  such  a  meeting  is  for  us  forever,  already,  denied.  Too  late we have come, too early she has left. About her face I know more than almost anyone else’s. At the age  of  sixteen  the  length  of  her  mouth  crease  was  8.5mm;  the  distance from the edge of her iris to her lower lid was 0.2mm. Is this what we mean by ‘know’? Fragments of things, gathered. The distance from her lateral lid crease to upper lid margin was 0.7mm at 3.8mm, in her right eye, and 0.8mm at 3.7mm in her left. Atoms, falling, yet never diminishing that from which they came.  The  length  from  her  caruncle  to  lateral  canthus?  In  her  right  eye,  5.1mm,  4.5mm  in  her  left.  Scraps.  ‘Excuse/  Emily  and/ her Atoms/ The North/ Star is/ of small/ fabric but it/ implies/  much/  presides/  yet.’  How  much  is  implied  by,  how  much  authority  sits  upon,  those  slant  lines  of  skin?  We  now  know much, and it is always too little.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;About her eyes, and her face, we know the most. It is what we look upon first, look upon most, when we meet someone, it is true,  yet  such  a  meeting  is  for  us  forever,  already,  denied.  Too  late we have come, too early she has left. About her face I know more than almost anyone else’s. At the age  of  sixteen  the  length  of  her  mouth  crease  was  8.5mm;  the  distance from the edge of her iris to her lower lid was 0.2mm. Is this what we mean by ‘know’? Fragments of things, gathered. The distance from her lateral lid crease to upper lid margin was 0.7mm at 3.8mm, in her right eye, and 0.8mm at 3.7mm in her left. Atoms, falling, yet never diminishing that from which they came.  The  length  from  her  caruncle  to  lateral  canthus?  In  her  right  eye,  5.1mm,  4.5mm  in  her  left.  Scraps.  ‘Excuse/  Emily  and/ her Atoms/ The North/ Star is/ of small/ fabric but it/ implies/  much/  presides/  yet.’  How  much  is  implied  by,  how  much  authority  sits  upon,  those  slant  lines  of  skin?  We  now  know much, and it is always too little.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <PersonName>Millar, Jeremy </PersonName>
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          <PersonName>Chloé Griffin</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;There and untenable. Tiny things. Little creepings. Little sounds. Shifting  between  pauses  of  dark.  Bodies  of  shadow.  Dark  light  with movement. A night.Night  sounds  are  like  signals  reaching  outside  time.  Outside  what  is  tangible.  From  bodies  disappeared  into  airflows  con-verging again to repeat conversations, dialogues undone, redo-ing, meeting again.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;There and untenable. Tiny things. Little creepings. Little sounds. Shifting  between  pauses  of  dark.  Bodies  of  shadow.  Dark  light  with movement. A night.Night  sounds  are  like  signals  reaching  outside  time.  Outside  what  is  tangible.  From  bodies  disappeared  into  airflows  con-verging again to repeat conversations, dialogues undone, redo-ing, meeting again.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Brigid Brophy</TitleText>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In talking about death, numbers matter immensely. Dates mat-ter; the date illness was first recorded, dates marking the decline, the date of departure, the date that will come round again as the years roll on, reiterating the shock of death however well it was expected or not. Age matters, supposedly to a greater of lesser extent  depending  on  the  age  at  the  time  of  death.  The  time  of  death,  that  point  at  which  our  mattering  is  blown  apart,  scat-tered to the soil of a time beyond us where it’ll either bury down into  this-or-that  subjective  or  objective  meaning  or  simply  evaporate,  is  recorded,  to  keep  hold  of  things,  to  make  things  ‘sensical’; an adjective that doesn’t officially exist because ‘sense’ has  multiple  meanings,  unlike  its  ‘nonsensical’  antonym.  But  language  doesn’t  abide,  it  writhes  against  logic,  through  logic,  creates its own. Language can describe death, but only from the outside.  Numbers  don’t  explain,  but  they  delineate  death,  and  they continue where we don’t.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In talking about death, numbers matter immensely. Dates mat-ter; the date illness was first recorded, dates marking the decline, the date of departure, the date that will come round again as the years roll on, reiterating the shock of death however well it was expected or not. Age matters, supposedly to a greater of lesser extent  depending  on  the  age  at  the  time  of  death.  The  time  of  death,  that  point  at  which  our  mattering  is  blown  apart,  scat-tered to the soil of a time beyond us where it’ll either bury down into  this-or-that  subjective  or  objective  meaning  or  simply  evaporate,  is  recorded,  to  keep  hold  of  things,  to  make  things  ‘sensical’; an adjective that doesn’t officially exist because ‘sense’ has  multiple  meanings,  unlike  its  ‘nonsensical’  antonym.  But  language  doesn’t  abide,  it  writhes  against  logic,  through  logic,  creates its own. Language can describe death, but only from the outside.  Numbers  don’t  explain,  but  they  delineate  death,  and  they continue where we don’t.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">A Body. Beat.</TitleText>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Dull thud of endings. Nerve sparks Can’t think Imaging you A forward motion. A swirl and stomach clench sick fall face first. Fucked. Calm is for lives. Windows blind, curtains overlooking allotments veil touched in night breeze Dinner table afar 4 legs. ‘Can you pass the salt?’ The walls. 4 of them. Beating the bounds thudding hours Upright limbs pin pricked neck to a gasp To a sucking air in.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Dull thud of endings. Nerve sparks Can’t think Imaging you A forward motion. A swirl and stomach clench sick fall face first. Fucked. Calm is for lives. Windows blind, curtains overlooking allotments veil touched in night breeze Dinner table afar 4 legs. ‘Can you pass the salt?’ The walls. 4 of them. Beating the bounds thudding hours Upright limbs pin pricked neck to a gasp To a sucking air in.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">the Language of the Toilet</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Travis Jeppesen</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Gary  Sullivan,  American  poet,  experiences  the  death  of  his  grandfather,  an  amateur  poet.  Shortly  before  the  grandfather  passes  away,  lying  on  his  death  bed,  he  telephones  his  grand-son  to  boast  that  he  has  won  an  important  poetry  contest.  The  ‘contest’  turns  out  to  be  one  initiated  by  poetry.com,  one  of  countless  cynical  scam  sites/vanity  publishers  that  prey  on  would-be  poets.  Every  poet  who  submits  a  poem  wins—and  each is celebrated via inclusion in a trophy anthology alongside other ‘winners’, all of whom are implicitly expected to buy sev-eral copies.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Gary  Sullivan,  American  poet,  experiences  the  death  of  his  grandfather,  an  amateur  poet.  Shortly  before  the  grandfather  passes  away,  lying  on  his  death  bed,  he  telephones  his  grand-son  to  boast  that  he  has  won  an  important  poetry  contest.  The  ‘contest’  turns  out  to  be  one  initiated  by  poetry.com,  one  of  countless  cynical  scam  sites/vanity  publishers  that  prey  on  would-be  poets.  Every  poet  who  submits  a  poem  wins—and  each is celebrated via inclusion in a trophy anthology alongside other ‘winners’, all of whom are implicitly expected to buy sev-eral copies.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Mary Butts</TitleText>
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            <Affiliation>Glasgow School of Art</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The  tomb  of  Mary  Butts  lies  in  the  windswept  graveyard  of  Sennen  Church,  its  entrance  barely  visible  from  the  A30  that  connects Sennen Cove to the rest of the Penwith peninsula and onward  towards  Land’s  End.  Butts  moved  to  Cornwall  in  1932  and  purchased  a  small  bungalow,  the  unimaginatively  named  1 Marine View. Renaming her home Te b e l   Vo s (House of Mag-ic), this location would be the site of a prolific period in Butts’ published  writing  career,  with  the  novel  The  Death  of  Felicity  Tavener coming  out  in  the  same  year,  closely  followed  byThe  Macedonian[1933] and Scenes from the Life of Cleopatra (1935). At the time of her death on 5 March 1937 at the West Cornwall Hospital  in  Penzance  from  a  perforated  duodenal  ulcer  and  diabetes,  Butts  was  working  on  a  study  of  emperor  Julian  the  Apostate  and  had  recently  completed  her  autobiography,  The Crystal  Cabinet.  Published  posthumously,  the  frontispiece  of  the book was a copy of a portrait made of Butts by her friend, the  artist  and  filmmaker,  Jean  Cocteau.  Her  tombstone  carries  two epitaphs, an example, perhaps, of the contradictory nature of her life. The first, still clearly legible states ‘Mary Butts, wife of Gabriel Aitkin’. The second, is now almost illegible, the carv-ing  eroded  by  salt,  wind  and  the  encroachment  of  lichen,  but  the words ‘I strove to seize the inmost form’, can just about be read,  under  closer  scrutiny.  This  second  epitaph,  a  quote  from  the  poem  ‘The  Crystal  Cabinet’  by  William  Blake,  was  placed  by  her  daughter  Camilla  acknowledges  the  influence  of  this  writer — whose life was entwined with Butts and her extended family. Butts’ grandfather was a patron and supporter of Blake, and his collection was installed in the Butts family home of Salt-erns in Poole, Dorset. The decision to sell this collection in 1906 preoccupied Butts for the remainder of her life, and her personal sense of loss and a dislocation of birthright foregrounds much of her writing. It would perhaps satisfy her to know that in 1939 the purchaser Graham Robertson bequeathed the Blakes to the Tate where it forms a substantial part of the national collection. The Crystal Cabinet was published by Methuen in June 1937.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The  tomb  of  Mary  Butts  lies  in  the  windswept  graveyard  of  Sennen  Church,  its  entrance  barely  visible  from  the  A30  that  connects Sennen Cove to the rest of the Penwith peninsula and onward  towards  Land’s  End.  Butts  moved  to  Cornwall  in  1932  and  purchased  a  small  bungalow,  the  unimaginatively  named  1 Marine View. Renaming her home Te b e l   Vo s (House of Mag-ic), this location would be the site of a prolific period in Butts’ published  writing  career,  with  the  novel  The  Death  of  Felicity  Tavener coming  out  in  the  same  year,  closely  followed  byThe  Macedonian[1933] and Scenes from the Life of Cleopatra (1935). At the time of her death on 5 March 1937 at the West Cornwall Hospital  in  Penzance  from  a  perforated  duodenal  ulcer  and  diabetes,  Butts  was  working  on  a  study  of  emperor  Julian  the  Apostate  and  had  recently  completed  her  autobiography,  The Crystal  Cabinet.  Published  posthumously,  the  frontispiece  of  the book was a copy of a portrait made of Butts by her friend, the  artist  and  filmmaker,  Jean  Cocteau.  Her  tombstone  carries  two epitaphs, an example, perhaps, of the contradictory nature of her life. The first, still clearly legible states ‘Mary Butts, wife of Gabriel Aitkin’. The second, is now almost illegible, the carv-ing  eroded  by  salt,  wind  and  the  encroachment  of  lichen,  but  the words ‘I strove to seize the inmost form’, can just about be read,  under  closer  scrutiny.  This  second  epitaph,  a  quote  from  the  poem  ‘The  Crystal  Cabinet’  by  William  Blake,  was  placed  by  her  daughter  Camilla  acknowledges  the  influence  of  this  writer — whose life was entwined with Butts and her extended family. Butts’ grandfather was a patron and supporter of Blake, and his collection was installed in the Butts family home of Salt-erns in Poole, Dorset. The decision to sell this collection in 1906 preoccupied Butts for the remainder of her life, and her personal sense of loss and a dislocation of birthright foregrounds much of her writing. It would perhaps satisfy her to know that in 1939 the purchaser Graham Robertson bequeathed the Blakes to the Tate where it forms a substantial part of the national collection. The Crystal Cabinet was published by Methuen in June 1937.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Mnemesoid</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Tai Shani</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The  following  chapter  from  Dark  Continent  is  told  through  Mnemesoid,  an  open  source  software  programme  named  after  Mnemosyne, mother of the 9 muses and the symbolic embodiment of  memory  in  Greek  mythology,  the  software  was  created  as  an  interface  for  ‘The  Eternal  Cortex  Project’,  an  aggregated,  almost  infinite database of experience stored on the server farm HDS Ze-nobia Pink Data Center on the edge of the hologram. Through a frequent integration, bio-algorithm Mnemesoid renders the input of language, image and fiction into high fidelity, sensory informa-tion  that  can  be  experienced  from  the  POV  of  self,  other,  animal  or object.  In  this  chapter  Mnemesoid  is  at  the  point  of  the  ‘Heat  Death  of  the  Universe’  or  maximum  entropy,  a  popular  20th  century  cos-mological hypothesis about the ultimate fate of the universe, this serves as a construct to conceptualise the end of time or a strange circularity  where  the  end  touches  the  beginning  in  a  singularity.  This is also an aid to imagine the paradox of the immaterial soft-ware  within  the  collapse  of  matter.  With  no  input,  Mnemesoid  replays  moments  on  the  limit  of  experience  that  have  defied  its  capacity  to  produce  a  satisfactory  sensory  dimension,  moments  of intense touch, love, erotic and spiritual and self-consciousness.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The  following  chapter  from  Dark  Continent  is  told  through  Mnemesoid,  an  open  source  software  programme  named  after  Mnemosyne, mother of the 9 muses and the symbolic embodiment of  memory  in  Greek  mythology,  the  software  was  created  as  an  interface  for  ‘The  Eternal  Cortex  Project’,  an  aggregated,  almost  infinite database of experience stored on the server farm HDS Ze-nobia Pink Data Center on the edge of the hologram. Through a frequent integration, bio-algorithm Mnemesoid renders the input of language, image and fiction into high fidelity, sensory informa-tion  that  can  be  experienced  from  the  POV  of  self,  other,  animal  or object.  In  this  chapter  Mnemesoid  is  at  the  point  of  the  ‘Heat  Death  of  the  Universe’  or  maximum  entropy,  a  popular  20th  century  cos-mological hypothesis about the ultimate fate of the universe, this serves as a construct to conceptualise the end of time or a strange circularity  where  the  end  touches  the  beginning  in  a  singularity.  This is also an aid to imagine the paradox of the immaterial soft-ware  within  the  collapse  of  matter.  With  no  input,  Mnemesoid  replays  moments  on  the  limit  of  experience  that  have  defied  its  capacity  to  produce  a  satisfactory  sensory  dimension,  moments  of intense touch, love, erotic and spiritual and self-consciousness.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;On  7  June  1935,  eighteen-year-old  Denton  Welch,  a  slight,  be-spectacled, curly-haired young man who was studying art at the Goldsmith School of Art in New Cross, decided to cycle from his lodgings at 34 Croom’s Hill, a neat Georgian house in Greenwich, to spend the weekend with his aunt and uncle in Leigh, Surrey. Setting  off  on  his  trip  that  bright  Sunday  morning,  Welch  packed his bag. Like everything else in his life, it was assembled with a certain precision, if not fussiness. ‘I took very little with me, only pyjamas, tooth-brush, shaving things, and the creamy-white  ivory  comb  which  I  had  bought  with  my  grandfather’s  present  to  me.  I  was  very  fond  of  this  comb,  so  I  wrapped  it  carefully in the pyjamas and stowed it with the other things in the shiny black bag that was fastened on the back of the seat’.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;On  7  June  1935,  eighteen-year-old  Denton  Welch,  a  slight,  be-spectacled, curly-haired young man who was studying art at the Goldsmith School of Art in New Cross, decided to cycle from his lodgings at 34 Croom’s Hill, a neat Georgian house in Greenwich, to spend the weekend with his aunt and uncle in Leigh, Surrey. Setting  off  on  his  trip  that  bright  Sunday  morning,  Welch  packed his bag. Like everything else in his life, it was assembled with a certain precision, if not fussiness. ‘I took very little with me, only pyjamas, tooth-brush, shaving things, and the creamy-white  ivory  comb  which  I  had  bought  with  my  grandfather’s  present  to  me.  I  was  very  fond  of  this  comb,  so  I  wrapped  it  carefully in the pyjamas and stowed it with the other things in the shiny black bag that was fastened on the back of the seat’.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;it came because I came through stacks of airport terminals railway arches security checkpoints tunnels a revolving door into the hotel lobby’s free wifi HOTSPOT with Chopin in the backcloth making everything personal on tickertape &amp;amp; CNN’s mouths permanently overhead leeching terror into the common cerebrum where chips get lodged and served with a side of forcible emotion because I already came from interspaced days and nights of recurring feelings of my dead dog and grandmother spreading into all stories in newspapers of exploding torsos exploding dogs replacement dogs women griefs close-up eye-witnesses and already in my body getting bigger and taking over until passivity was an absurdity and wasn’t it always and will be&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;it came because I came through stacks of airport terminals railway arches security checkpoints tunnels a revolving door into the hotel lobby’s free wifi HOTSPOT with Chopin in the backcloth making everything personal on tickertape &amp;amp; CNN’s mouths permanently overhead leeching terror into the common cerebrum where chips get lodged and served with a side of forcible emotion because I already came from interspaced days and nights of recurring feelings of my dead dog and grandmother spreading into all stories in newspapers of exploding torsos exploding dogs replacement dogs women griefs close-up eye-witnesses and already in my body getting bigger and taking over until passivity was an absurdity and wasn’t it always and will be&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Sunnydale High, High summer. A line of sand on the horizon, slowly  bowing  in  the  centre  with  clumps  of  grass  and  small  insects.A figure walks along this line, walking north along the coast, the sun setting on their left and eyes watching from under that sun and from under the water. Back  to  the  start.  There’s  nothing  for  a  long  time.  Before  this  Gage didn’t exist and then Buffy Summers arrived and suddenly Gage  exists,  and  they’re  a  ‘he’  and  that  ‘he’  is  part  of  the  swim  team at the highschool and on his first day in existence things are  already  pretty  melancholy  because  his  friend  is  dead,  and  their  skin  is  all  in  a  steaming  pile  on  the  beach,  cut  off  shirt  and Lollapalooza tattoo and there is a heinous stench and some screaming. Total bummer. This was meant to be a party, beach fires and night surf and keg  stands  and  sexy  waterboarding  celebrating  the  only  good  sports  team  in  Sunnydale  History  having  a  chance  at  a  state  championship of some sort.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Sunnydale High, High summer. A line of sand on the horizon, slowly  bowing  in  the  centre  with  clumps  of  grass  and  small  insects.A figure walks along this line, walking north along the coast, the sun setting on their left and eyes watching from under that sun and from under the water. Back  to  the  start.  There’s  nothing  for  a  long  time.  Before  this  Gage didn’t exist and then Buffy Summers arrived and suddenly Gage  exists,  and  they’re  a  ‘he’  and  that  ‘he’  is  part  of  the  swim  team at the highschool and on his first day in existence things are  already  pretty  melancholy  because  his  friend  is  dead,  and  their  skin  is  all  in  a  steaming  pile  on  the  beach,  cut  off  shirt  and Lollapalooza tattoo and there is a heinous stench and some screaming. Total bummer. This was meant to be a party, beach fires and night surf and keg  stands  and  sexy  waterboarding  celebrating  the  only  good  sports  team  in  Sunnydale  History  having  a  chance  at  a  state  championship of some sort.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Kathy Acker’s body is small, but also very strong. Kathy Acker’s hair is cut short in a signature buzzcut. Kathy Acker’s hair has grown  long  down  to  her  shoulders  and  that  makes  her  almost  unrecognisable.  Kathy  Acker  has  perfectly  symmetrical  ears,  which  stick  out  slightly  and  which  point  in  a  neat  diagonal  downwards.  Kathy  Acker’s  face  is  the  kind  of  face  you  could  draw  diagrams  on  to  demonstrate  how  to  draw  faces  correctly  and in proportion. Kathy Acker’s lips are perfect red and Kathy Acker’s eyebrows are in a perfect rounded arch as if they are the edges  of  a  fingernail  but  drawn  with  goose  down.  I’m  sorry  to  be such a lesbian about it, but Kathy Acker’s fingers are perfectly long and tapered towards the end and her wrists are so delicate it is as if they could break at any moment if you touched them.  Kathy  Acker’s  body  is  dominated  by  mastectomy  scars  worn  under a leather biker jacket. Kathy Acker’s chest is flat and pale like a teenage boy’s and there is a large tattoo on her shoulder. Kathy  Acker’s  breasts  are  pert  even  under  an  oversized  loose-knit  jersey.  Kathy  Acker’s  breasts  are  in  her  hands  and  she  is  biting on their nipples&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Kathy Acker’s body is small, but also very strong. Kathy Acker’s hair is cut short in a signature buzzcut. Kathy Acker’s hair has grown  long  down  to  her  shoulders  and  that  makes  her  almost  unrecognisable.  Kathy  Acker  has  perfectly  symmetrical  ears,  which  stick  out  slightly  and  which  point  in  a  neat  diagonal  downwards.  Kathy  Acker’s  face  is  the  kind  of  face  you  could  draw  diagrams  on  to  demonstrate  how  to  draw  faces  correctly  and in proportion. Kathy Acker’s lips are perfect red and Kathy Acker’s eyebrows are in a perfect rounded arch as if they are the edges  of  a  fingernail  but  drawn  with  goose  down.  I’m  sorry  to  be such a lesbian about it, but Kathy Acker’s fingers are perfectly long and tapered towards the end and her wrists are so delicate it is as if they could break at any moment if you touched them.  Kathy  Acker’s  body  is  dominated  by  mastectomy  scars  worn  under a leather biker jacket. Kathy Acker’s chest is flat and pale like a teenage boy’s and there is a large tattoo on her shoulder. Kathy  Acker’s  breasts  are  pert  even  under  an  oversized  loose-knit  jersey.  Kathy  Acker’s  breasts  are  in  her  hands  and  she  is  biting on their nipples&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;I refuse any system. I uncover a thought in motion. I call it the dialectic. My task is to reintroduce the register of meaning. I do my dissecting with concepts, not with a knife. The man speaking to  you  is  a  man  like  any  other—I  make  use  of  the  wrong  lan-guage. I allow the other to bring his language in line with mine. I think of what goes through his head when I speak to him. My ideal is not the absence of passion.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;I refuse any system. I uncover a thought in motion. I call it the dialectic. My task is to reintroduce the register of meaning. I do my dissecting with concepts, not with a knife. The man speaking to  you  is  a  man  like  any  other—I  make  use  of  the  wrong  lan-guage. I allow the other to bring his language in line with mine. I think of what goes through his head when I speak to him. My ideal is not the absence of passion.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Wilhelm Reich</TitleText>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Wilhelm Reich (1897–1957), the famed Austrian psychoanalyst, was renowned for developing methods to harness the power of pleasure.  Intent  on  researching  the  power  of  pleasure  for  the  advancement  and  well-being  of  the  human  body,  Reich  found  himself  preoccupied  with  the  functionality  of  sexual  satisfac-tion. Pain  as  a  condition  of  sexual  pleasure  is  a  well-documented  phenomena; bodies carousing in limitations opposed by facets of inhibition no longer impart fear into the conventional. Sexual pleasure  as  a  cure  for  pain  is  a  relatively  unknown  condition.  Often considered as a short-lived chemical experience pleasure derived from sexual interaction to oneself or another promotes a  sense  of  a  calm  and  well-being  through  an  instant  but  soon  diminishing release of oxytocin.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Wilhelm Reich (1897–1957), the famed Austrian psychoanalyst, was renowned for developing methods to harness the power of pleasure.  Intent  on  researching  the  power  of  pleasure  for  the  advancement  and  well-being  of  the  human  body,  Reich  found  himself  preoccupied  with  the  functionality  of  sexual  satisfac-tion. Pain  as  a  condition  of  sexual  pleasure  is  a  well-documented  phenomena; bodies carousing in limitations opposed by facets of inhibition no longer impart fear into the conventional. Sexual pleasure  as  a  cure  for  pain  is  a  relatively  unknown  condition.  Often considered as a short-lived chemical experience pleasure derived from sexual interaction to oneself or another promotes a  sense  of  a  calm  and  well-being  through  an  instant  but  soon  diminishing release of oxytocin.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Not much remains of the body of JT Leroy. To start with, it is a body first and foremost made of words. Over the course of debut novel Sarah, short story collection The Heart Is Deceitful Above All Things and the novella Howard’s End, this body is portrayed as  highly  attuned  to  the  sensual  qualities  of  the  mostly  grim  world it inhabits. It endures extremes of physical torture, from a  disciplinarian  grandfather’s  whipping  to  sexual  abuse  from  mother  Sarah’s  boyfriends.  It  registers  the  ultra-specific  smells  that pervade its low-rent environment, from the Naugahyde up-holstery of car seats to the overwhelming, eye-searing odour of freshly cut ramps, a kind of wild onion native to West Virginia. The  reader’s  ability  to  empathise  with  this  damaged  body—to  vicariously  feel  the  impact  of  the  drugs,  sex  and  violence  that  it is subjected to—is at the heart of the entire project. And yet for  all  the  power  of  these  descriptions  to  conjure  the  intensity  of  lived  experience,  the  actual  existence  of  this  body  has  only  ever been fragmentary at best, dispersed across telephone calls, emails, stand-ins and other evasive manoeuvres.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Not much remains of the body of JT Leroy. To start with, it is a body first and foremost made of words. Over the course of debut novel Sarah, short story collection The Heart Is Deceitful Above All Things and the novella Howard’s End, this body is portrayed as  highly  attuned  to  the  sensual  qualities  of  the  mostly  grim  world it inhabits. It endures extremes of physical torture, from a  disciplinarian  grandfather’s  whipping  to  sexual  abuse  from  mother  Sarah’s  boyfriends.  It  registers  the  ultra-specific  smells  that pervade its low-rent environment, from the Naugahyde up-holstery of car seats to the overwhelming, eye-searing odour of freshly cut ramps, a kind of wild onion native to West Virginia. The  reader’s  ability  to  empathise  with  this  damaged  body—to  vicariously  feel  the  impact  of  the  drugs,  sex  and  violence  that  it is subjected to—is at the heart of the entire project. And yet for  all  the  power  of  these  descriptions  to  conjure  the  intensity  of  lived  experience,  the  actual  existence  of  this  body  has  only  ever been fragmentary at best, dispersed across telephone calls, emails, stand-ins and other evasive manoeuvres.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Not  long  after  their  arrival  in  Rome  at  the  start  of  April  1867,  the  brothers  Edmond  and  Jules  de  Goncourt  noted,  in  a  jour-nal entry anticipating the style if not the sensibility of Thomas Bernhard, that everything that is beautiful here is beautiful in a course, material way. The pair would stay for six weeks, touring the  city’s  galleries  with  an  eye  that  seemed  in  no  way  softened  by  the  languors  of  travel:  Raphael’s  Transfiguration  is  reported  to  give  the  impression  of  wallpaper,  while  his  Resurrection  is  judged purely academic. This, a supernatural event, a divine leg-end?  I  know  no  canvas  which  depicts  it  in  a  commoner  prose,  a  more vulgar beauty. And it’s true: for a recently resurrected body, Raphael’s Christ does seem kind of jaded, but I’m less interested in the value or the vehemence of the brothers’ judgement here, than in the way the Journal slides, as it often does elsewhere, so casually  and  without  warning,  from  the  first-person  plural  to  the first-person singular. After their mother’s death in 1848, the brothers were apart for more than twenty-four hours only twice. While working together on their novels, plays, art criticism and journal entries, Jules would hold the pen while Edmond—eight years  the  elder  —  stood  behind  him,  pacing  back  and  forth,  leaning over his shoulder with suggestions. It is impossible to at-tribute any entry to one or the other, their translator notes. Theirs is  an  I  containing  more  than  itself.  It  is  a  singular  pronoun  of  multitudes. It is a crowd, a site of excess.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Face  in  obscurity,  she  blows  out  three  white  candles  that  burn  at different lengths, fixed to a saucer sitting atop a desk crowded with papers. Streams of smoke rise into the air; thin white lines twist and coil, undulating against the darkness of the surround-ing room. From behind, we see her walk up a short flight of stairs into the kitchen. Backlit with early morning glow, she emerges in silhou-ette—tall, slender, modest housecoat tied at the waist, long hair hanging down her back—as she moves in a deliberate, efficient manner. She opens and closes cupboards, prepares a tray of tea for one, pauses to look out the large window from where she can see the milkman begin his daily rounds.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The Bodies That Remain is a collection of bodies and absences.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Through biography, experimental essay, interview, fictional manifestation, and poetic extraction, The Bodies That Remain is a collection of texts and images on the bodies of artists and writers who battled with the frustration of their own physicality and whose work reckoned with these limitations and continued beyond them.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The essays in The Bodies That Remain look back at how the identities of these bodies were shaped by the spaces around them, through the retelling of memory, through stories told by others, of how their work, processed by their body, made it possible for others to experience sensations – mourning, desire, or a nostalgia that could not belong to another, to another’s body – and in capturing this ability, their work confirms the body’s urgency.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Amongst others, The Bodies That Remain tells the story of Emily Dickinson’s decay, the missing grave of Valeska Gert, the voice and sound of the body of Judee Sill, and the derailed body (and work) of Jane Bowles. It questions the absent body but broken organs of JT Leroy as they find themselves scattered across texts, and also interrogates the loss of distinction of illness for Jules de Goncourt as syphilis riddled his nervous system. It retrieves the illusory body of Kathy Acker through dream and through horror, sees the morphing body of Michael Jackson in becoming all of the bodies he was asked to be, and looks toward Sylvia Plath and the language of her own body.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Where ‘body’ as a verb makes material something abstract, The Bodies That Remain, as a collection, became bodily.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The Bodies That Remain is a collection of bodies and absences.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Through biography, experimental essay, interview, fictional manifestation, and poetic extraction, The Bodies That Remain is a collection of texts and images on the bodies of artists and writers who battled with the frustration of their own physicality and whose work reckoned with these limitations and continued beyond them.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The essays in The Bodies That Remain look back at how the identities of these bodies were shaped by the spaces around them, through the retelling of memory, through stories told by others, of how their work, processed by their body, made it possible for others to experience sensations – mourning, desire, or a nostalgia that could not belong to another, to another’s body – and in capturing this ability, their work confirms the body’s urgency.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Amongst others, The Bodies That Remain tells the story of Emily Dickinson’s decay, the missing grave of Valeska Gert, the voice and sound of the body of Judee Sill, and the derailed body (and work) of Jane Bowles. It questions the absent body but broken organs of JT Leroy as they find themselves scattered across texts, and also interrogates the loss of distinction of illness for Jules de Goncourt as syphilis riddled his nervous system. It retrieves the illusory body of Kathy Acker through dream and through horror, sees the morphing body of Michael Jackson in becoming all of the bodies he was asked to be, and looks toward Sylvia Plath and the language of her own body.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Where ‘body’ as a verb makes material something abstract, The Bodies That Remain, as a collection, became bodily.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The  Bodies  That  Remain  arrived  on  its  own  terms.  I  spent  the  next  two  years  gathering  examples.  Throughout  the  process  people  would  ask  me  periodically  if  I  understood  the  book  as  a  ‘body  of  work’.  It  was  a  collection,  so  this  was  a  possibility.  But  somehow  this  felt  too  complete.  The  only  physical  body  I  had ever known truly was chaotic, anxious, constantly moving. At  the  beginning,  the  book  felt  like  this  too;  it  was  unpredict-able. The writing within shifted form, changed tone, pace, even subject; as though scattered parts, the texts arrived in my inbox from studios in New York, Philadelphia, Chicago; from hillsides in  Yorkshire  and  the  silent  landscapes  of  the  French  country-side;  from  London  back  rooms,  Belfast  laboratories  and  even  from aboard ship, in the middle of the ocean. It was a peculiar experience coming to care viscerally about the words of others as though it were their bodies I was working with; caring for the bodies being spoken about—the fictions, truths, pain, the shar-ing of bodies and their absences; learning how to allow a body to appear in writing without becoming the body.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The  Bodies  That  Remain  arrived  on  its  own  terms.  I  spent  the  next  two  years  gathering  examples.  Throughout  the  process  people  would  ask  me  periodically  if  I  understood  the  book  as  a  ‘body  of  work’.  It  was  a  collection,  so  this  was  a  possibility.  But  somehow  this  felt  too  complete.  The  only  physical  body  I  had ever known truly was chaotic, anxious, constantly moving. At  the  beginning,  the  book  felt  like  this  too;  it  was  unpredict-able. The writing within shifted form, changed tone, pace, even subject; as though scattered parts, the texts arrived in my inbox from studios in New York, Philadelphia, Chicago; from hillsides in  Yorkshire  and  the  silent  landscapes  of  the  French  country-side;  from  London  back  rooms,  Belfast  laboratories  and  even  from aboard ship, in the middle of the ocean. It was a peculiar experience coming to care viscerally about the words of others as though it were their bodies I was working with; caring for the bodies being spoken about—the fictions, truths, pain, the shar-ing of bodies and their absences; learning how to allow a body to appear in writing without becoming the body.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Jane Bowles was born on February 22, 1917, a short, usually harsh month—it seems right for her. Bowles’s unique writing and life were  cut  short,  derailed  by  neuroses,  alcoholism,  physical  ill-ness.  Her  friends  remember  her  sharp  wit,  agile  mind,  gaiety,  humor, outrageousness. While she lived, stories about wild Jane Bowles circulated in Tangier where she resided from 1948. Back then  she  was  a  living  legend,  but  the  flux  of  reputation—here  today,  gone  tomorrow—sends  her  body  of  work  into  and  out  of print (OP). Among certain contemporary writers, including Lydia Davis, Deborah  Eisenberg,  Michael  Cunningham,  Jane  Bowles  is  cel-ebrated and revered for her work, notably her sole, singular novel Two Serious Ladies (1943).1 It has also been praised exuberantly by Tennessee Williams, Truman Capote, and John Ashbery. Bowles finished six stories, and a play, In The Summer House, which ran on Broadway in 1954, with incidental music by Paul Bowles.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Jane Bowles was born on February 22, 1917, a short, usually harsh month—it seems right for her. Bowles’s unique writing and life were  cut  short,  derailed  by  neuroses,  alcoholism,  physical  ill-ness.  Her  friends  remember  her  sharp  wit,  agile  mind,  gaiety,  humor, outrageousness. While she lived, stories about wild Jane Bowles circulated in Tangier where she resided from 1948. Back then  she  was  a  living  legend,  but  the  flux  of  reputation—here  today,  gone  tomorrow—sends  her  body  of  work  into  and  out  of print (OP). Among certain contemporary writers, including Lydia Davis, Deborah  Eisenberg,  Michael  Cunningham,  Jane  Bowles  is  cel-ebrated and revered for her work, notably her sole, singular novel Two Serious Ladies (1943).1 It has also been praised exuberantly by Tennessee Williams, Truman Capote, and John Ashbery. Bowles finished six stories, and a play, In The Summer House, which ran on Broadway in 1954, with incidental music by Paul Bowles.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Be Michael Jackson. Keep singing, but shrug your shoulders and smile and be lots of different faces and then be Tyra Banks. John Landis yells: ‘Cut! That was perfect! How’d you do that???’Be molten gold. Be the dream of molten gold, all sparkles. Turn into Michael Jackson and seduce the supermodel Iman. Be sand to escape her palace guards.Be water. Rise up in front of waterfalls and dance. Dance with the shoulders. Turn into Lisa ‘Left Eye’ Lopes and rap about the problems of the 1990s. Rap ‘believe in yourself, the rest is up to me and you.’Stay water but be a tentacle with a face on it for James Cameron. Learn about tongues. Be the T-1000, be liquid metal again, walk through fire, be disguised as a floor.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Be Michael Jackson. Keep singing, but shrug your shoulders and smile and be lots of different faces and then be Tyra Banks. John Landis yells: ‘Cut! That was perfect! How’d you do that???’Be molten gold. Be the dream of molten gold, all sparkles. Turn into Michael Jackson and seduce the supermodel Iman. Be sand to escape her palace guards.Be water. Rise up in front of waterfalls and dance. Dance with the shoulders. Turn into Lisa ‘Left Eye’ Lopes and rap about the problems of the 1990s. Rap ‘believe in yourself, the rest is up to me and you.’Stay water but be a tentacle with a face on it for James Cameron. Learn about tongues. Be the T-1000, be liquid metal again, walk through fire, be disguised as a floor.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Bodies are private, performative meatshells. They hold cancers and desire, and pain and joy, and sometimes other bodies too. I realized I had one when I felt sex pleasure, at three, one of my first memories, and also when my mom’s shape changed before my little sister was born. I don’t know anything about your body unless you tell me. Even if you don’t use words, and even though I’ll give you water, food, and aspirin anyway, if you have a head-ache.  If  some  bodies  remain,  others  must  not.  I  feed  myself.  I  believe in ghosts. Another thing I know is how to hear Judee Sill’s voice. Ed gave me two of her albums and right now I listen to them on my way to work. Outside the windows I see mountains, sky, metal-and-wood stands selling fruit and plants. Usually I am drinking lots of coffee very quickly. Crumbling toast in my lap. Judee’s voice needed  her  body  to  be.  Her  body  isn’t  here  anymore,  but  its  sounds are, somehow, because I can press a button and my ears fill  with  them.  In  Judee’s  absence—in  the  absence  of  someone  I  never  met—I  feel  more  myself.  I  am  trying  to  be  as  clear  as  possible here. I don’t think any of this is obvious.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Bodies are private, performative meatshells. They hold cancers and desire, and pain and joy, and sometimes other bodies too. I realized I had one when I felt sex pleasure, at three, one of my first memories, and also when my mom’s shape changed before my little sister was born. I don’t know anything about your body unless you tell me. Even if you don’t use words, and even though I’ll give you water, food, and aspirin anyway, if you have a head-ache.  If  some  bodies  remain,  others  must  not.  I  feed  myself.  I  believe in ghosts. Another thing I know is how to hear Judee Sill’s voice. Ed gave me two of her albums and right now I listen to them on my way to work. Outside the windows I see mountains, sky, metal-and-wood stands selling fruit and plants. Usually I am drinking lots of coffee very quickly. Crumbling toast in my lap. Judee’s voice needed  her  body  to  be.  Her  body  isn’t  here  anymore,  but  its  sounds are, somehow, because I can press a button and my ears fill  with  them.  In  Judee’s  absence—in  the  absence  of  someone  I  never  met—I  feel  more  myself.  I  am  trying  to  be  as  clear  as  possible here. I don’t think any of this is obvious.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;About her eyes, and her face, we know the most. It is what we look upon first, look upon most, when we meet someone, it is true,  yet  such  a  meeting  is  for  us  forever,  already,  denied.  Too  late we have come, too early she has left. About her face I know more than almost anyone else’s. At the age  of  sixteen  the  length  of  her  mouth  crease  was  8.5mm;  the  distance from the edge of her iris to her lower lid was 0.2mm. Is this what we mean by ‘know’? Fragments of things, gathered. The distance from her lateral lid crease to upper lid margin was 0.7mm at 3.8mm, in her right eye, and 0.8mm at 3.7mm in her left. Atoms, falling, yet never diminishing that from which they came.  The  length  from  her  caruncle  to  lateral  canthus?  In  her  right  eye,  5.1mm,  4.5mm  in  her  left.  Scraps.  ‘Excuse/  Emily  and/ her Atoms/ The North/ Star is/ of small/ fabric but it/ implies/  much/  presides/  yet.’  How  much  is  implied  by,  how  much  authority  sits  upon,  those  slant  lines  of  skin?  We  now  know much, and it is always too little.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;About her eyes, and her face, we know the most. It is what we look upon first, look upon most, when we meet someone, it is true,  yet  such  a  meeting  is  for  us  forever,  already,  denied.  Too  late we have come, too early she has left. About her face I know more than almost anyone else’s. At the age  of  sixteen  the  length  of  her  mouth  crease  was  8.5mm;  the  distance from the edge of her iris to her lower lid was 0.2mm. Is this what we mean by ‘know’? Fragments of things, gathered. The distance from her lateral lid crease to upper lid margin was 0.7mm at 3.8mm, in her right eye, and 0.8mm at 3.7mm in her left. Atoms, falling, yet never diminishing that from which they came.  The  length  from  her  caruncle  to  lateral  canthus?  In  her  right  eye,  5.1mm,  4.5mm  in  her  left.  Scraps.  ‘Excuse/  Emily  and/ her Atoms/ The North/ Star is/ of small/ fabric but it/ implies/  much/  presides/  yet.’  How  much  is  implied  by,  how  much  authority  sits  upon,  those  slant  lines  of  skin?  We  now  know much, and it is always too little.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;There and untenable. Tiny things. Little creepings. Little sounds. Shifting  between  pauses  of  dark.  Bodies  of  shadow.  Dark  light  with movement. A night.Night  sounds  are  like  signals  reaching  outside  time.  Outside  what  is  tangible.  From  bodies  disappeared  into  airflows  con-verging again to repeat conversations, dialogues undone, redo-ing, meeting again.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;There and untenable. Tiny things. Little creepings. Little sounds. Shifting  between  pauses  of  dark.  Bodies  of  shadow.  Dark  light  with movement. A night.Night  sounds  are  like  signals  reaching  outside  time.  Outside  what  is  tangible.  From  bodies  disappeared  into  airflows  con-verging again to repeat conversations, dialogues undone, redo-ing, meeting again.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In talking about death, numbers matter immensely. Dates mat-ter; the date illness was first recorded, dates marking the decline, the date of departure, the date that will come round again as the years roll on, reiterating the shock of death however well it was expected or not. Age matters, supposedly to a greater of lesser extent  depending  on  the  age  at  the  time  of  death.  The  time  of  death,  that  point  at  which  our  mattering  is  blown  apart,  scat-tered to the soil of a time beyond us where it’ll either bury down into  this-or-that  subjective  or  objective  meaning  or  simply  evaporate,  is  recorded,  to  keep  hold  of  things,  to  make  things  ‘sensical’; an adjective that doesn’t officially exist because ‘sense’ has  multiple  meanings,  unlike  its  ‘nonsensical’  antonym.  But  language  doesn’t  abide,  it  writhes  against  logic,  through  logic,  creates its own. Language can describe death, but only from the outside.  Numbers  don’t  explain,  but  they  delineate  death,  and  they continue where we don’t.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In talking about death, numbers matter immensely. Dates mat-ter; the date illness was first recorded, dates marking the decline, the date of departure, the date that will come round again as the years roll on, reiterating the shock of death however well it was expected or not. Age matters, supposedly to a greater of lesser extent  depending  on  the  age  at  the  time  of  death.  The  time  of  death,  that  point  at  which  our  mattering  is  blown  apart,  scat-tered to the soil of a time beyond us where it’ll either bury down into  this-or-that  subjective  or  objective  meaning  or  simply  evaporate,  is  recorded,  to  keep  hold  of  things,  to  make  things  ‘sensical’; an adjective that doesn’t officially exist because ‘sense’ has  multiple  meanings,  unlike  its  ‘nonsensical’  antonym.  But  language  doesn’t  abide,  it  writhes  against  logic,  through  logic,  creates its own. Language can describe death, but only from the outside.  Numbers  don’t  explain,  but  they  delineate  death,  and  they continue where we don’t.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Dull thud of endings. Nerve sparks Can’t think Imaging you A forward motion. A swirl and stomach clench sick fall face first. Fucked. Calm is for lives. Windows blind, curtains overlooking allotments veil touched in night breeze Dinner table afar 4 legs. ‘Can you pass the salt?’ The walls. 4 of them. Beating the bounds thudding hours Upright limbs pin pricked neck to a gasp To a sucking air in.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Dull thud of endings. Nerve sparks Can’t think Imaging you A forward motion. A swirl and stomach clench sick fall face first. Fucked. Calm is for lives. Windows blind, curtains overlooking allotments veil touched in night breeze Dinner table afar 4 legs. ‘Can you pass the salt?’ The walls. 4 of them. Beating the bounds thudding hours Upright limbs pin pricked neck to a gasp To a sucking air in.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">the Language of the Toilet</TitleText>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Gary  Sullivan,  American  poet,  experiences  the  death  of  his  grandfather,  an  amateur  poet.  Shortly  before  the  grandfather  passes  away,  lying  on  his  death  bed,  he  telephones  his  grand-son  to  boast  that  he  has  won  an  important  poetry  contest.  The  ‘contest’  turns  out  to  be  one  initiated  by  poetry.com,  one  of  countless  cynical  scam  sites/vanity  publishers  that  prey  on  would-be  poets.  Every  poet  who  submits  a  poem  wins—and  each is celebrated via inclusion in a trophy anthology alongside other ‘winners’, all of whom are implicitly expected to buy sev-eral copies.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Gary  Sullivan,  American  poet,  experiences  the  death  of  his  grandfather,  an  amateur  poet.  Shortly  before  the  grandfather  passes  away,  lying  on  his  death  bed,  he  telephones  his  grand-son  to  boast  that  he  has  won  an  important  poetry  contest.  The  ‘contest’  turns  out  to  be  one  initiated  by  poetry.com,  one  of  countless  cynical  scam  sites/vanity  publishers  that  prey  on  would-be  poets.  Every  poet  who  submits  a  poem  wins—and  each is celebrated via inclusion in a trophy anthology alongside other ‘winners’, all of whom are implicitly expected to buy sev-eral copies.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Mary Butts</TitleText>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The  tomb  of  Mary  Butts  lies  in  the  windswept  graveyard  of  Sennen  Church,  its  entrance  barely  visible  from  the  A30  that  connects Sennen Cove to the rest of the Penwith peninsula and onward  towards  Land’s  End.  Butts  moved  to  Cornwall  in  1932  and  purchased  a  small  bungalow,  the  unimaginatively  named  1 Marine View. Renaming her home Te b e l   Vo s (House of Mag-ic), this location would be the site of a prolific period in Butts’ published  writing  career,  with  the  novel  The  Death  of  Felicity  Tavener coming  out  in  the  same  year,  closely  followed  byThe  Macedonian[1933] and Scenes from the Life of Cleopatra (1935). At the time of her death on 5 March 1937 at the West Cornwall Hospital  in  Penzance  from  a  perforated  duodenal  ulcer  and  diabetes,  Butts  was  working  on  a  study  of  emperor  Julian  the  Apostate  and  had  recently  completed  her  autobiography,  The Crystal  Cabinet.  Published  posthumously,  the  frontispiece  of  the book was a copy of a portrait made of Butts by her friend, the  artist  and  filmmaker,  Jean  Cocteau.  Her  tombstone  carries  two epitaphs, an example, perhaps, of the contradictory nature of her life. The first, still clearly legible states ‘Mary Butts, wife of Gabriel Aitkin’. The second, is now almost illegible, the carv-ing  eroded  by  salt,  wind  and  the  encroachment  of  lichen,  but  the words ‘I strove to seize the inmost form’, can just about be read,  under  closer  scrutiny.  This  second  epitaph,  a  quote  from  the  poem  ‘The  Crystal  Cabinet’  by  William  Blake,  was  placed  by  her  daughter  Camilla  acknowledges  the  influence  of  this  writer — whose life was entwined with Butts and her extended family. Butts’ grandfather was a patron and supporter of Blake, and his collection was installed in the Butts family home of Salt-erns in Poole, Dorset. The decision to sell this collection in 1906 preoccupied Butts for the remainder of her life, and her personal sense of loss and a dislocation of birthright foregrounds much of her writing. It would perhaps satisfy her to know that in 1939 the purchaser Graham Robertson bequeathed the Blakes to the Tate where it forms a substantial part of the national collection. The Crystal Cabinet was published by Methuen in June 1937.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The  tomb  of  Mary  Butts  lies  in  the  windswept  graveyard  of  Sennen  Church,  its  entrance  barely  visible  from  the  A30  that  connects Sennen Cove to the rest of the Penwith peninsula and onward  towards  Land’s  End.  Butts  moved  to  Cornwall  in  1932  and  purchased  a  small  bungalow,  the  unimaginatively  named  1 Marine View. Renaming her home Te b e l   Vo s (House of Mag-ic), this location would be the site of a prolific period in Butts’ published  writing  career,  with  the  novel  The  Death  of  Felicity  Tavener coming  out  in  the  same  year,  closely  followed  byThe  Macedonian[1933] and Scenes from the Life of Cleopatra (1935). At the time of her death on 5 March 1937 at the West Cornwall Hospital  in  Penzance  from  a  perforated  duodenal  ulcer  and  diabetes,  Butts  was  working  on  a  study  of  emperor  Julian  the  Apostate  and  had  recently  completed  her  autobiography,  The Crystal  Cabinet.  Published  posthumously,  the  frontispiece  of  the book was a copy of a portrait made of Butts by her friend, the  artist  and  filmmaker,  Jean  Cocteau.  Her  tombstone  carries  two epitaphs, an example, perhaps, of the contradictory nature of her life. The first, still clearly legible states ‘Mary Butts, wife of Gabriel Aitkin’. The second, is now almost illegible, the carv-ing  eroded  by  salt,  wind  and  the  encroachment  of  lichen,  but  the words ‘I strove to seize the inmost form’, can just about be read,  under  closer  scrutiny.  This  second  epitaph,  a  quote  from  the  poem  ‘The  Crystal  Cabinet’  by  William  Blake,  was  placed  by  her  daughter  Camilla  acknowledges  the  influence  of  this  writer — whose life was entwined with Butts and her extended family. Butts’ grandfather was a patron and supporter of Blake, and his collection was installed in the Butts family home of Salt-erns in Poole, Dorset. The decision to sell this collection in 1906 preoccupied Butts for the remainder of her life, and her personal sense of loss and a dislocation of birthright foregrounds much of her writing. It would perhaps satisfy her to know that in 1939 the purchaser Graham Robertson bequeathed the Blakes to the Tate where it forms a substantial part of the national collection. The Crystal Cabinet was published by Methuen in June 1937.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The  following  chapter  from  Dark  Continent  is  told  through  Mnemesoid,  an  open  source  software  programme  named  after  Mnemosyne, mother of the 9 muses and the symbolic embodiment of  memory  in  Greek  mythology,  the  software  was  created  as  an  interface  for  ‘The  Eternal  Cortex  Project’,  an  aggregated,  almost  infinite database of experience stored on the server farm HDS Ze-nobia Pink Data Center on the edge of the hologram. Through a frequent integration, bio-algorithm Mnemesoid renders the input of language, image and fiction into high fidelity, sensory informa-tion  that  can  be  experienced  from  the  POV  of  self,  other,  animal  or object.  In  this  chapter  Mnemesoid  is  at  the  point  of  the  ‘Heat  Death  of  the  Universe’  or  maximum  entropy,  a  popular  20th  century  cos-mological hypothesis about the ultimate fate of the universe, this serves as a construct to conceptualise the end of time or a strange circularity  where  the  end  touches  the  beginning  in  a  singularity.  This is also an aid to imagine the paradox of the immaterial soft-ware  within  the  collapse  of  matter.  With  no  input,  Mnemesoid  replays  moments  on  the  limit  of  experience  that  have  defied  its  capacity  to  produce  a  satisfactory  sensory  dimension,  moments  of intense touch, love, erotic and spiritual and self-consciousness.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The  following  chapter  from  Dark  Continent  is  told  through  Mnemesoid,  an  open  source  software  programme  named  after  Mnemosyne, mother of the 9 muses and the symbolic embodiment of  memory  in  Greek  mythology,  the  software  was  created  as  an  interface  for  ‘The  Eternal  Cortex  Project’,  an  aggregated,  almost  infinite database of experience stored on the server farm HDS Ze-nobia Pink Data Center on the edge of the hologram. Through a frequent integration, bio-algorithm Mnemesoid renders the input of language, image and fiction into high fidelity, sensory informa-tion  that  can  be  experienced  from  the  POV  of  self,  other,  animal  or object.  In  this  chapter  Mnemesoid  is  at  the  point  of  the  ‘Heat  Death  of  the  Universe’  or  maximum  entropy,  a  popular  20th  century  cos-mological hypothesis about the ultimate fate of the universe, this serves as a construct to conceptualise the end of time or a strange circularity  where  the  end  touches  the  beginning  in  a  singularity.  This is also an aid to imagine the paradox of the immaterial soft-ware  within  the  collapse  of  matter.  With  no  input,  Mnemesoid  replays  moments  on  the  limit  of  experience  that  have  defied  its  capacity  to  produce  a  satisfactory  sensory  dimension,  moments  of intense touch, love, erotic and spiritual and self-consciousness.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;On  7  June  1935,  eighteen-year-old  Denton  Welch,  a  slight,  be-spectacled, curly-haired young man who was studying art at the Goldsmith School of Art in New Cross, decided to cycle from his lodgings at 34 Croom’s Hill, a neat Georgian house in Greenwich, to spend the weekend with his aunt and uncle in Leigh, Surrey. Setting  off  on  his  trip  that  bright  Sunday  morning,  Welch  packed his bag. Like everything else in his life, it was assembled with a certain precision, if not fussiness. ‘I took very little with me, only pyjamas, tooth-brush, shaving things, and the creamy-white  ivory  comb  which  I  had  bought  with  my  grandfather’s  present  to  me.  I  was  very  fond  of  this  comb,  so  I  wrapped  it  carefully in the pyjamas and stowed it with the other things in the shiny black bag that was fastened on the back of the seat’.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;On  7  June  1935,  eighteen-year-old  Denton  Welch,  a  slight,  be-spectacled, curly-haired young man who was studying art at the Goldsmith School of Art in New Cross, decided to cycle from his lodgings at 34 Croom’s Hill, a neat Georgian house in Greenwich, to spend the weekend with his aunt and uncle in Leigh, Surrey. Setting  off  on  his  trip  that  bright  Sunday  morning,  Welch  packed his bag. Like everything else in his life, it was assembled with a certain precision, if not fussiness. ‘I took very little with me, only pyjamas, tooth-brush, shaving things, and the creamy-white  ivory  comb  which  I  had  bought  with  my  grandfather’s  present  to  me.  I  was  very  fond  of  this  comb,  so  I  wrapped  it  carefully in the pyjamas and stowed it with the other things in the shiny black bag that was fastened on the back of the seat’.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;it came because I came through stacks of airport terminals railway arches security checkpoints tunnels a revolving door into the hotel lobby’s free wifi HOTSPOT with Chopin in the backcloth making everything personal on tickertape &amp;amp; CNN’s mouths permanently overhead leeching terror into the common cerebrum where chips get lodged and served with a side of forcible emotion because I already came from interspaced days and nights of recurring feelings of my dead dog and grandmother spreading into all stories in newspapers of exploding torsos exploding dogs replacement dogs women griefs close-up eye-witnesses and already in my body getting bigger and taking over until passivity was an absurdity and wasn’t it always and will be&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;it came because I came through stacks of airport terminals railway arches security checkpoints tunnels a revolving door into the hotel lobby’s free wifi HOTSPOT with Chopin in the backcloth making everything personal on tickertape &amp;amp; CNN’s mouths permanently overhead leeching terror into the common cerebrum where chips get lodged and served with a side of forcible emotion because I already came from interspaced days and nights of recurring feelings of my dead dog and grandmother spreading into all stories in newspapers of exploding torsos exploding dogs replacement dogs women griefs close-up eye-witnesses and already in my body getting bigger and taking over until passivity was an absurdity and wasn’t it always and will be&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Sunnydale High, High summer. A line of sand on the horizon, slowly  bowing  in  the  centre  with  clumps  of  grass  and  small  insects.A figure walks along this line, walking north along the coast, the sun setting on their left and eyes watching from under that sun and from under the water. Back  to  the  start.  There’s  nothing  for  a  long  time.  Before  this  Gage didn’t exist and then Buffy Summers arrived and suddenly Gage  exists,  and  they’re  a  ‘he’  and  that  ‘he’  is  part  of  the  swim  team at the highschool and on his first day in existence things are  already  pretty  melancholy  because  his  friend  is  dead,  and  their  skin  is  all  in  a  steaming  pile  on  the  beach,  cut  off  shirt  and Lollapalooza tattoo and there is a heinous stench and some screaming. Total bummer. This was meant to be a party, beach fires and night surf and keg  stands  and  sexy  waterboarding  celebrating  the  only  good  sports  team  in  Sunnydale  History  having  a  chance  at  a  state  championship of some sort.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Sunnydale High, High summer. A line of sand on the horizon, slowly  bowing  in  the  centre  with  clumps  of  grass  and  small  insects.A figure walks along this line, walking north along the coast, the sun setting on their left and eyes watching from under that sun and from under the water. Back  to  the  start.  There’s  nothing  for  a  long  time.  Before  this  Gage didn’t exist and then Buffy Summers arrived and suddenly Gage  exists,  and  they’re  a  ‘he’  and  that  ‘he’  is  part  of  the  swim  team at the highschool and on his first day in existence things are  already  pretty  melancholy  because  his  friend  is  dead,  and  their  skin  is  all  in  a  steaming  pile  on  the  beach,  cut  off  shirt  and Lollapalooza tattoo and there is a heinous stench and some screaming. Total bummer. This was meant to be a party, beach fires and night surf and keg  stands  and  sexy  waterboarding  celebrating  the  only  good  sports  team  in  Sunnydale  History  having  a  chance  at  a  state  championship of some sort.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Kathy Acker’s body is small, but also very strong. Kathy Acker’s hair is cut short in a signature buzzcut. Kathy Acker’s hair has grown  long  down  to  her  shoulders  and  that  makes  her  almost  unrecognisable.  Kathy  Acker  has  perfectly  symmetrical  ears,  which  stick  out  slightly  and  which  point  in  a  neat  diagonal  downwards.  Kathy  Acker’s  face  is  the  kind  of  face  you  could  draw  diagrams  on  to  demonstrate  how  to  draw  faces  correctly  and in proportion. Kathy Acker’s lips are perfect red and Kathy Acker’s eyebrows are in a perfect rounded arch as if they are the edges  of  a  fingernail  but  drawn  with  goose  down.  I’m  sorry  to  be such a lesbian about it, but Kathy Acker’s fingers are perfectly long and tapered towards the end and her wrists are so delicate it is as if they could break at any moment if you touched them.  Kathy  Acker’s  body  is  dominated  by  mastectomy  scars  worn  under a leather biker jacket. Kathy Acker’s chest is flat and pale like a teenage boy’s and there is a large tattoo on her shoulder. Kathy  Acker’s  breasts  are  pert  even  under  an  oversized  loose-knit  jersey.  Kathy  Acker’s  breasts  are  in  her  hands  and  she  is  biting on their nipples&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Kathy Acker’s body is small, but also very strong. Kathy Acker’s hair is cut short in a signature buzzcut. Kathy Acker’s hair has grown  long  down  to  her  shoulders  and  that  makes  her  almost  unrecognisable.  Kathy  Acker  has  perfectly  symmetrical  ears,  which  stick  out  slightly  and  which  point  in  a  neat  diagonal  downwards.  Kathy  Acker’s  face  is  the  kind  of  face  you  could  draw  diagrams  on  to  demonstrate  how  to  draw  faces  correctly  and in proportion. Kathy Acker’s lips are perfect red and Kathy Acker’s eyebrows are in a perfect rounded arch as if they are the edges  of  a  fingernail  but  drawn  with  goose  down.  I’m  sorry  to  be such a lesbian about it, but Kathy Acker’s fingers are perfectly long and tapered towards the end and her wrists are so delicate it is as if they could break at any moment if you touched them.  Kathy  Acker’s  body  is  dominated  by  mastectomy  scars  worn  under a leather biker jacket. Kathy Acker’s chest is flat and pale like a teenage boy’s and there is a large tattoo on her shoulder. Kathy  Acker’s  breasts  are  pert  even  under  an  oversized  loose-knit  jersey.  Kathy  Acker’s  breasts  are  in  her  hands  and  she  is  biting on their nipples&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;I refuse any system. I uncover a thought in motion. I call it the dialectic. My task is to reintroduce the register of meaning. I do my dissecting with concepts, not with a knife. The man speaking to  you  is  a  man  like  any  other—I  make  use  of  the  wrong  lan-guage. I allow the other to bring his language in line with mine. I think of what goes through his head when I speak to him. My ideal is not the absence of passion.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;I refuse any system. I uncover a thought in motion. I call it the dialectic. My task is to reintroduce the register of meaning. I do my dissecting with concepts, not with a knife. The man speaking to  you  is  a  man  like  any  other—I  make  use  of  the  wrong  lan-guage. I allow the other to bring his language in line with mine. I think of what goes through his head when I speak to him. My ideal is not the absence of passion.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Wilhelm Reich</TitleText>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Wilhelm Reich (1897–1957), the famed Austrian psychoanalyst, was renowned for developing methods to harness the power of pleasure.  Intent  on  researching  the  power  of  pleasure  for  the  advancement  and  well-being  of  the  human  body,  Reich  found  himself  preoccupied  with  the  functionality  of  sexual  satisfac-tion. Pain  as  a  condition  of  sexual  pleasure  is  a  well-documented  phenomena; bodies carousing in limitations opposed by facets of inhibition no longer impart fear into the conventional. Sexual pleasure  as  a  cure  for  pain  is  a  relatively  unknown  condition.  Often considered as a short-lived chemical experience pleasure derived from sexual interaction to oneself or another promotes a  sense  of  a  calm  and  well-being  through  an  instant  but  soon  diminishing release of oxytocin.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Wilhelm Reich (1897–1957), the famed Austrian psychoanalyst, was renowned for developing methods to harness the power of pleasure.  Intent  on  researching  the  power  of  pleasure  for  the  advancement  and  well-being  of  the  human  body,  Reich  found  himself  preoccupied  with  the  functionality  of  sexual  satisfac-tion. Pain  as  a  condition  of  sexual  pleasure  is  a  well-documented  phenomena; bodies carousing in limitations opposed by facets of inhibition no longer impart fear into the conventional. Sexual pleasure  as  a  cure  for  pain  is  a  relatively  unknown  condition.  Often considered as a short-lived chemical experience pleasure derived from sexual interaction to oneself or another promotes a  sense  of  a  calm  and  well-being  through  an  instant  but  soon  diminishing release of oxytocin.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Not much remains of the body of JT Leroy. To start with, it is a body first and foremost made of words. Over the course of debut novel Sarah, short story collection The Heart Is Deceitful Above All Things and the novella Howard’s End, this body is portrayed as  highly  attuned  to  the  sensual  qualities  of  the  mostly  grim  world it inhabits. It endures extremes of physical torture, from a  disciplinarian  grandfather’s  whipping  to  sexual  abuse  from  mother  Sarah’s  boyfriends.  It  registers  the  ultra-specific  smells  that pervade its low-rent environment, from the Naugahyde up-holstery of car seats to the overwhelming, eye-searing odour of freshly cut ramps, a kind of wild onion native to West Virginia. The  reader’s  ability  to  empathise  with  this  damaged  body—to  vicariously  feel  the  impact  of  the  drugs,  sex  and  violence  that  it is subjected to—is at the heart of the entire project. And yet for  all  the  power  of  these  descriptions  to  conjure  the  intensity  of  lived  experience,  the  actual  existence  of  this  body  has  only  ever been fragmentary at best, dispersed across telephone calls, emails, stand-ins and other evasive manoeuvres.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Not much remains of the body of JT Leroy. To start with, it is a body first and foremost made of words. Over the course of debut novel Sarah, short story collection The Heart Is Deceitful Above All Things and the novella Howard’s End, this body is portrayed as  highly  attuned  to  the  sensual  qualities  of  the  mostly  grim  world it inhabits. It endures extremes of physical torture, from a  disciplinarian  grandfather’s  whipping  to  sexual  abuse  from  mother  Sarah’s  boyfriends.  It  registers  the  ultra-specific  smells  that pervade its low-rent environment, from the Naugahyde up-holstery of car seats to the overwhelming, eye-searing odour of freshly cut ramps, a kind of wild onion native to West Virginia. The  reader’s  ability  to  empathise  with  this  damaged  body—to  vicariously  feel  the  impact  of  the  drugs,  sex  and  violence  that  it is subjected to—is at the heart of the entire project. And yet for  all  the  power  of  these  descriptions  to  conjure  the  intensity  of  lived  experience,  the  actual  existence  of  this  body  has  only  ever been fragmentary at best, dispersed across telephone calls, emails, stand-ins and other evasive manoeuvres.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Not  long  after  their  arrival  in  Rome  at  the  start  of  April  1867,  the  brothers  Edmond  and  Jules  de  Goncourt  noted,  in  a  jour-nal entry anticipating the style if not the sensibility of Thomas Bernhard, that everything that is beautiful here is beautiful in a course, material way. The pair would stay for six weeks, touring the  city’s  galleries  with  an  eye  that  seemed  in  no  way  softened  by  the  languors  of  travel:  Raphael’s  Transfiguration  is  reported  to  give  the  impression  of  wallpaper,  while  his  Resurrection  is  judged purely academic. This, a supernatural event, a divine leg-end?  I  know  no  canvas  which  depicts  it  in  a  commoner  prose,  a  more vulgar beauty. And it’s true: for a recently resurrected body, Raphael’s Christ does seem kind of jaded, but I’m less interested in the value or the vehemence of the brothers’ judgement here, than in the way the Journal slides, as it often does elsewhere, so casually  and  without  warning,  from  the  first-person  plural  to  the first-person singular. After their mother’s death in 1848, the brothers were apart for more than twenty-four hours only twice. While working together on their novels, plays, art criticism and journal entries, Jules would hold the pen while Edmond—eight years  the  elder  —  stood  behind  him,  pacing  back  and  forth,  leaning over his shoulder with suggestions. It is impossible to at-tribute any entry to one or the other, their translator notes. Theirs is  an  I  containing  more  than  itself.  It  is  a  singular  pronoun  of  multitudes. It is a crowd, a site of excess.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Not  long  after  their  arrival  in  Rome  at  the  start  of  April  1867,  the  brothers  Edmond  and  Jules  de  Goncourt  noted,  in  a  jour-nal entry anticipating the style if not the sensibility of Thomas Bernhard, that everything that is beautiful here is beautiful in a course, material way. The pair would stay for six weeks, touring the  city’s  galleries  with  an  eye  that  seemed  in  no  way  softened  by  the  languors  of  travel:  Raphael’s  Transfiguration  is  reported  to  give  the  impression  of  wallpaper,  while  his  Resurrection  is  judged purely academic. This, a supernatural event, a divine leg-end?  I  know  no  canvas  which  depicts  it  in  a  commoner  prose,  a  more vulgar beauty. And it’s true: for a recently resurrected body, Raphael’s Christ does seem kind of jaded, but I’m less interested in the value or the vehemence of the brothers’ judgement here, than in the way the Journal slides, as it often does elsewhere, so casually  and  without  warning,  from  the  first-person  plural  to  the first-person singular. After their mother’s death in 1848, the brothers were apart for more than twenty-four hours only twice. While working together on their novels, plays, art criticism and journal entries, Jules would hold the pen while Edmond—eight years  the  elder  —  stood  behind  him,  pacing  back  and  forth,  leaning over his shoulder with suggestions. It is impossible to at-tribute any entry to one or the other, their translator notes. Theirs is  an  I  containing  more  than  itself.  It  is  a  singular  pronoun  of  multitudes. It is a crowd, a site of excess.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Face  in  obscurity,  she  blows  out  three  white  candles  that  burn  at different lengths, fixed to a saucer sitting atop a desk crowded with papers. Streams of smoke rise into the air; thin white lines twist and coil, undulating against the darkness of the surround-ing room. From behind, we see her walk up a short flight of stairs into the kitchen. Backlit with early morning glow, she emerges in silhou-ette—tall, slender, modest housecoat tied at the waist, long hair hanging down her back—as she moves in a deliberate, efficient manner. She opens and closes cupboards, prepares a tray of tea for one, pauses to look out the large window from where she can see the milkman begin his daily rounds.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Face  in  obscurity,  she  blows  out  three  white  candles  that  burn  at different lengths, fixed to a saucer sitting atop a desk crowded with papers. Streams of smoke rise into the air; thin white lines twist and coil, undulating against the darkness of the surround-ing room. From behind, we see her walk up a short flight of stairs into the kitchen. Backlit with early morning glow, she emerges in silhou-ette—tall, slender, modest housecoat tied at the waist, long hair hanging down her back—as she moves in a deliberate, efficient manner. She opens and closes cupboards, prepares a tray of tea for one, pauses to look out the large window from where she can see the milkman begin his daily rounds.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;After thirty years teaching at the University of California, Santa Barbara, Laurence A. Rickels accepted a professorship in art and theory at the Staatliche Akademie der Bildenden Künste, Karlsruhe and taught there until 2017. During 2018 Rickels was Eberhard Berent Visiting Professor and Distinguished Writer at New York University, and he continues to offer seminars in media and philosophy at the European Graduate School where he holds the Sigmund Freud Chair. Rickels is the author of Aberrations of Mourning (Minnesota, 1988), The Vampire Lectures (Minnesota, 1999), Nazi Psychoanalysis (3 vols., Minnesota, 2002), The Devil Notebooks (Minnesota, 2008), Ulrike Ottinger: The Autobiography of Art Cinema (Minnesota, 2008), I Think I Am: Philip K. Dick (Minnesota, 2010), SPECTRE (Anti-Oedipus, 2013), Germany: A Science Fiction (Anti-Oedipus, 2014), The Psycho Records (Columbia, 2016), and The Critique of Fantasy (3 vols., punctum books, 2020–2021).&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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        <SubjectHeadingText>psychoanalysis; California; Walt Disney; cultural theory; Mickey Mouse; German modernism; Thomas Mann</SubjectHeadingText>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Focusing on the changing image of the West Coast through such varied social and cultural artifacts as bodybuilding, group therapy, suicide cults, Marilyn Monroe, milk-carton images of missing children, orgies, Mickey Mouse, zombies, teenage slang, shock therapy, and surf music, The Case of California offers a dizzying psycho-history of the twentieth century as crystallized in the symbolic configuration and “case” of California, which case is articulated in relation to German modernism, National Socialism, and Freudian psychoanalysis. As Laurence Rickels writes, “on the personalizable level or label, California is a death cult; on the social, outward, happy-face level, it distributes pleasure via sadomasochism, the adolescent group, or friendship.”&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ultimately, The Case of California excavates the places “California” occupies as concept or placeholder within Freudian psychoanalysis and such systems as the Frankfurt School, East Coast psychoanalysis, and deconstruction. To excavate the full range of “California,” one must apply pressure to a series of adjacent (and often equally marginal or missing) concepts, including group and adolescent psychology, female sexuality, the haunting of music and of mass media at large, the charge of child abuse, and a certain convergence of religious and hysterical conversion.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Focusing on the changing image of the West Coast through such varied social and cultural artifacts as bodybuilding, group therapy, suicide cults, Marilyn Monroe, milk-carton images of missing children, orgies, Mickey Mouse, zombies, teenage slang, shock therapy, and surf music, The Case of California offers a dizzying psycho-history of the twentieth century as crystallized in the symbolic configuration and “case” of California, which case is articulated in relation to German modernism, National Socialism, and Freudian psychoanalysis. As Laurence Rickels writes, “on the personalizable level or label, California is a death cult; on the social, outward, happy-face level, it distributes pleasure via sadomasochism, the adolescent group, or friendship.”&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ultimately, The Case of California excavates the places “California” occupies as concept or placeholder within Freudian psychoanalysis and such systems as the Frankfurt School, East Coast psychoanalysis, and deconstruction. To excavate the full range of “California,” one must apply pressure to a series of adjacent (and often equally marginal or missing) concepts, including group and adolescent psychology, female sexuality, the haunting of music and of mass media at large, the charge of child abuse, and a certain convergence of religious and hysterical conversion.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;After thirty years teaching at the University of California, Santa Barbara, Laurence A. Rickels accepted a professorship in art and theory at the Staatliche Akademie der Bildenden Künste, Karlsruhe and taught there until 2017. During 2018 Rickels was Eberhard Berent Visiting Professor and Distinguished Writer at New York University, and he continues to offer seminars in media and philosophy at the European Graduate School where he holds the Sigmund Freud Chair. Rickels is the author of Aberrations of Mourning (Minnesota, 1988), The Vampire Lectures (Minnesota, 1999), Nazi Psychoanalysis (3 vols., Minnesota, 2002), The Devil Notebooks (Minnesota, 2008), Ulrike Ottinger: The Autobiography of Art Cinema (Minnesota, 2008), I Think I Am: Philip K. Dick (Minnesota, 2010), SPECTRE (Anti-Oedipus, 2013), Germany: A Science Fiction (Anti-Oedipus, 2014), The Psycho Records (Columbia, 2016), and The Critique of Fantasy (3 vols., punctum books, 2020–2021).&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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        <SubjectHeadingText>psychoanalysis; California; Walt Disney; cultural theory; Mickey Mouse; German modernism; Thomas Mann</SubjectHeadingText>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Focusing on the changing image of the West Coast through such varied social and cultural artifacts as bodybuilding, group therapy, suicide cults, Marilyn Monroe, milk-carton images of missing children, orgies, Mickey Mouse, zombies, teenage slang, shock therapy, and surf music, The Case of California offers a dizzying psycho-history of the twentieth century as crystallized in the symbolic configuration and “case” of California, which case is articulated in relation to German modernism, National Socialism, and Freudian psychoanalysis. As Laurence Rickels writes, “on the personalizable level or label, California is a death cult; on the social, outward, happy-face level, it distributes pleasure via sadomasochism, the adolescent group, or friendship.”&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ultimately, The Case of California excavates the places “California” occupies as concept or placeholder within Freudian psychoanalysis and such systems as the Frankfurt School, East Coast psychoanalysis, and deconstruction. To excavate the full range of “California,” one must apply pressure to a series of adjacent (and often equally marginal or missing) concepts, including group and adolescent psychology, female sexuality, the haunting of music and of mass media at large, the charge of child abuse, and a certain convergence of religious and hysterical conversion.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Focusing on the changing image of the West Coast through such varied social and cultural artifacts as bodybuilding, group therapy, suicide cults, Marilyn Monroe, milk-carton images of missing children, orgies, Mickey Mouse, zombies, teenage slang, shock therapy, and surf music, The Case of California offers a dizzying psycho-history of the twentieth century as crystallized in the symbolic configuration and “case” of California, which case is articulated in relation to German modernism, National Socialism, and Freudian psychoanalysis. As Laurence Rickels writes, “on the personalizable level or label, California is a death cult; on the social, outward, happy-face level, it distributes pleasure via sadomasochism, the adolescent group, or friendship.”&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ultimately, The Case of California excavates the places “California” occupies as concept or placeholder within Freudian psychoanalysis and such systems as the Frankfurt School, East Coast psychoanalysis, and deconstruction. To excavate the full range of “California,” one must apply pressure to a series of adjacent (and often equally marginal or missing) concepts, including group and adolescent psychology, female sexuality, the haunting of music and of mass media at large, the charge of child abuse, and a certain convergence of religious and hysterical conversion.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <SubjectHeadingText>psychoanalysis; California; Walt Disney; cultural theory; Mickey Mouse; German modernism; Thomas Mann</SubjectHeadingText>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Focusing on the changing image of the West Coast through such varied social and cultural artifacts as bodybuilding, group therapy, suicide cults, Marilyn Monroe, milk-carton images of missing children, orgies, Mickey Mouse, zombies, teenage slang, shock therapy, and surf music, The Case of California offers a dizzying psycho-history of the twentieth century as crystallized in the symbolic configuration and “case” of California, which case is articulated in relation to German modernism, National Socialism, and Freudian psychoanalysis. As Laurence Rickels writes, “on the personalizable level or label, California is a death cult; on the social, outward, happy-face level, it distributes pleasure via sadomasochism, the adolescent group, or friendship.”&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ultimately, The Case of California excavates the places “California” occupies as concept or placeholder within Freudian psychoanalysis and such systems as the Frankfurt School, East Coast psychoanalysis, and deconstruction. To excavate the full range of “California,” one must apply pressure to a series of adjacent (and often equally marginal or missing) concepts, including group and adolescent psychology, female sexuality, the haunting of music and of mass media at large, the charge of child abuse, and a certain convergence of religious and hysterical conversion.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Focusing on the changing image of the West Coast through such varied social and cultural artifacts as bodybuilding, group therapy, suicide cults, Marilyn Monroe, milk-carton images of missing children, orgies, Mickey Mouse, zombies, teenage slang, shock therapy, and surf music, The Case of California offers a dizzying psycho-history of the twentieth century as crystallized in the symbolic configuration and “case” of California, which case is articulated in relation to German modernism, National Socialism, and Freudian psychoanalysis. As Laurence Rickels writes, “on the personalizable level or label, California is a death cult; on the social, outward, happy-face level, it distributes pleasure via sadomasochism, the adolescent group, or friendship.”&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ultimately, The Case of California excavates the places “California” occupies as concept or placeholder within Freudian psychoanalysis and such systems as the Frankfurt School, East Coast psychoanalysis, and deconstruction. To excavate the full range of “California,” one must apply pressure to a series of adjacent (and often equally marginal or missing) concepts, including group and adolescent psychology, female sexuality, the haunting of music and of mass media at large, the charge of child abuse, and a certain convergence of religious and hysterical conversion.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Ian Wood is Emeritus Professor of Early Medieval History at the University of Leeds, where he taught from 1976 to 2015. He is the author of several books, including The Merovingian Kingdoms, 450–751 (1994), The Missionary Life: Saints and the eEangelisation of Europe 400–1050 (2001), The Modern Origins of the Early Middle Ages (2013), and The Transformation of the Roman West (2018). He is the co-author of Avitus of Vienne, Letters and Selected Prose (2002), with Danuta Shanzer, Fragments of History: Rethinking the Ruthwell and Bewcastle Monuments (2007), with Fred Orton and Clare Lees, Abbots of Wearmouth and Jarrow (2014), with Chris Grocock, and Jonas of Bobbio, Life of Columbanus, Life of John of Réomé, and Life of Vedast (2017), with Alexander O'Hara. He has also written numerous articles. He was a co-ordinator of the European Science Foundation project on The Transformation of the Roman World (1989–92, 1992–80). He was elected to the British Academy in 2019.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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        <SubjectHeadingText>early middle ages; late antiquity; Church history; Temple Society; Mediterranean; economic history; religion and power</SubjectHeadingText>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The establishment of Christianity in the late- and post-Roman world caused an economic as well as a religious revolution, but, while a great deal of attention has been paid to the religious developments of the period, the impact of the establishment of the Church on the economy has attracted remarkably little attention. The Christian Economy of the Early Medieval West: Towards a Temple Society examines the chronology of the Church’s acquisition of wealth, and particularly of landed property, as well as the distribution of its income, in the period between the conversion of Constantine and the eighth century.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In this book, the society that emerged as a result of the Church’s acquisition of land is interpreted in the light of the anthropological model of the “Temple Society,” a concept developed from Karl Marx’s so-called “Asiatic Mode of Production.” The emergence of a socio-economic system dominated by the Church is presented as a crucial development in the history of western Europe.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The establishment of Christianity in the late- and post-Roman world caused an economic as well as a religious revolution, but, while a great deal of attention has been paid to the religious developments of the period, the impact of the establishment of the Church on the economy has attracted remarkably little attention. The Christian Economy of the Early Medieval West: Towards a Temple Society examines the chronology of the Church’s acquisition of wealth, and particularly of landed property, as well as the distribution of its income, in the period between the conversion of Constantine and the eighth century.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In this book, the society that emerged as a result of the Church’s acquisition of land is interpreted in the light of the anthropological model of the “Temple Society,” a concept developed from Karl Marx’s so-called “Asiatic Mode of Production.” The emergence of a socio-economic system dominated by the Church is presented as a crucial development in the history of western Europe.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <TitleText language="eng">The Christian Economy of the Early Medieval West</TitleText>
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        <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Ian Wood is Emeritus Professor of Early Medieval History at the University of Leeds, where he taught from 1976 to 2015. He is the author of several books, including The Merovingian Kingdoms, 450–751 (1994), The Missionary Life: Saints and the eEangelisation of Europe 400–1050 (2001), The Modern Origins of the Early Middle Ages (2013), and The Transformation of the Roman West (2018). He is the co-author of Avitus of Vienne, Letters and Selected Prose (2002), with Danuta Shanzer, Fragments of History: Rethinking the Ruthwell and Bewcastle Monuments (2007), with Fred Orton and Clare Lees, Abbots of Wearmouth and Jarrow (2014), with Chris Grocock, and Jonas of Bobbio, Life of Columbanus, Life of John of Réomé, and Life of Vedast (2017), with Alexander O'Hara. He has also written numerous articles. He was a co-ordinator of the European Science Foundation project on The Transformation of the Roman World (1989–92, 1992–80). He was elected to the British Academy in 2019.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The establishment of Christianity in the late- and post-Roman world caused an economic as well as a religious revolution, but, while a great deal of attention has been paid to the religious developments of the period, the impact of the establishment of the Church on the economy has attracted remarkably little attention. The Christian Economy of the Early Medieval West: Towards a Temple Society examines the chronology of the Church’s acquisition of wealth, and particularly of landed property, as well as the distribution of its income, in the period between the conversion of Constantine and the eighth century.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In this book, the society that emerged as a result of the Church’s acquisition of land is interpreted in the light of the anthropological model of the “Temple Society,” a concept developed from Karl Marx’s so-called “Asiatic Mode of Production.” The emergence of a socio-economic system dominated by the Church is presented as a crucial development in the history of western Europe.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The establishment of Christianity in the late- and post-Roman world caused an economic as well as a religious revolution, but, while a great deal of attention has been paid to the religious developments of the period, the impact of the establishment of the Church on the economy has attracted remarkably little attention. The Christian Economy of the Early Medieval West: Towards a Temple Society examines the chronology of the Church’s acquisition of wealth, and particularly of landed property, as well as the distribution of its income, in the period between the conversion of Constantine and the eighth century.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In this book, the society that emerged as a result of the Church’s acquisition of land is interpreted in the light of the anthropological model of the “Temple Society,” a concept developed from Karl Marx’s so-called “Asiatic Mode of Production.” The emergence of a socio-economic system dominated by the Church is presented as a crucial development in the history of western Europe.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Can Nietzsche be considered a thinker of media and mediation, as the German media theorist Friedrich Kittler declared in his influential book Gramophone, Film, Typewriter?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Nietzsche was a truly transdisciplinary thinker, one who never fit into his own nineteenth-century surroundings and who recognized himself as a “herald and precursor” of the future, of our globally-reticulated digital present. Perhaps not since Kittler has there been a study — let alone an anthology — that re-assesses and re-evaluates Nietzsche’s thought in light of the technically mediated and machinic conditions of the human in the age of digital networks.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Can Nietzsche be considered a thinker of media and mediation, as the German media theorist Friedrich Kittler declared in his influential book Gramophone, Film, Typewriter?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Nietzsche was a truly transdisciplinary thinker, one who never fit into his own nineteenth-century surroundings and who recognized himself as a “herald and precursor” of the future, of our globally-reticulated digital present. Perhaps not since Kittler has there been a study — let alone an anthology — that re-assesses and re-evaluates Nietzsche’s thought in light of the technically mediated and machinic conditions of the human in the age of digital networks.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The inspiration for this volume of essays, drawn from the pro-ceedings of the Nietz sche Workshop @ Western (held at West-ern University, London on, and the Center for Transformative Media at The New School, New York ny),1 comes from the hy-pothesis that Nietz sche’s thinking is pertinent to a phenomenon which can be described as the planetary propensity toward the digitization and networking of information. Moreover, “Nietz-sche-Thought”  —  to  lift  a  phrase  from  philosopher  François  Laruelle2  —  provides  unique  insights  about  the  complexities of  our  contemporary  network-centric  condition,    especially  in  relation  to  the  all-important  notion  of  “information,”  which  has  been  conceptualized  primarily  in  terms  that  are  protoco-logical and computational, hence almost exclusively Apollonian(or  as  Gilles  Deleuze  and  Félix  Guattari  would  say,  “striated”),  rather  than  Dionysian  (or  as  Deleuze  and  Guattari  would  say,  “smooth”) terms. As Manav Guha argues in his contribution to this volume, the current military understanding of net-centric-ity is “a project of extreme striation involving the harnessing of Dionysian energies of the yet-to-be-processed with the Apollon-ian reigns of the processor.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The inspiration for this volume of essays, drawn from the pro-ceedings of the Nietz sche Workshop @ Western (held at West-ern University, London on, and the Center for Transformative Media at The New School, New York ny),1 comes from the hy-pothesis that Nietz sche’s thinking is pertinent to a phenomenon which can be described as the planetary propensity toward the digitization and networking of information. Moreover, “Nietz-sche-Thought”  —  to  lift  a  phrase  from  philosopher  François  Laruelle2  —  provides  unique  insights  about  the  complexities of  our  contemporary  network-centric  condition,    especially  in  relation  to  the  all-important  notion  of  “information,”  which  has  been  conceptualized  primarily  in  terms  that  are  protoco-logical and computational, hence almost exclusively Apollonian(or  as  Gilles  Deleuze  and  Félix  Guattari  would  say,  “striated”),  rather  than  Dionysian  (or  as  Deleuze  and  Guattari  would  say,  “smooth”) terms. As Manav Guha argues in his contribution to this volume, the current military understanding of net-centric-ity is “a project of extreme striation involving the harnessing of Dionysian energies of the yet-to-be-processed with the Apollon-ian reigns of the processor.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The Cyborg-Nietz  sche  appeals  to  us  —  indeed  the  pastiche-in-general  appeals  to  us  —  like  the  bookplate-image  from  Alfred  Soder’s Nietz  sche  in  the  High  Mountains,  discretely  placed  not  on  the  front  of  the  dust-jacket  but  the  back  of  Steven  E.  Ascheim’s Nietz sche   Legacy.2  Nietz  sche-On-Demand  can  be  found at the click of a button: the Hitler-Nietz sche? ... got  that; the Ayn-Rand-Nietz sche? ... got  that;  the Naturalist-  or  Brian-Leiter-Nietz sche? ... alsogot  that.  The  Analytic-Nietz sche   we have from John Richardson to Aaron Ridley, the “New”-Nietz-sche  still  with  David  Allison  and  the  shining  feathers  of  Al-phonso Lingis. And with Friedrich Kittler — as Nandita Biswas Mellamphy  has  already  acknowledged,3  along  with  a  host  of  typewriter-and-keyboard  networking  enthusiasts,  including  a  certain  Arthur  Kroker  —  we  already  have  a  Media-Nietz sche, tracked from several angles, several perspectives. As Nietz sche himself  has  told  us,  “There  are  myriad  eyes.  Even  the  sphinx  had  eyes.  And  consequently  there  are  myriad  truths,  and  con-sequently there is no truth.”4 Thus we suppose a multiplicity of trans-  and  over-humans  (are  we  not  all  already  post-human?)  if  only  to  overcome  the  last  humans,  as  we  imagine  the  trans-human phantasm in our own image.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The Cyborg-Nietz  sche  appeals  to  us  —  indeed  the  pastiche-in-general  appeals  to  us  —  like  the  bookplate-image  from  Alfred  Soder’s Nietz  sche  in  the  High  Mountains,  discretely  placed  not  on  the  front  of  the  dust-jacket  but  the  back  of  Steven  E.  Ascheim’s Nietz sche   Legacy.2  Nietz  sche-On-Demand  can  be  found at the click of a button: the Hitler-Nietz sche? ... got  that; the Ayn-Rand-Nietz sche? ... got  that;  the Naturalist-  or  Brian-Leiter-Nietz sche? ... alsogot  that.  The  Analytic-Nietz sche   we have from John Richardson to Aaron Ridley, the “New”-Nietz-sche  still  with  David  Allison  and  the  shining  feathers  of  Al-phonso Lingis. And with Friedrich Kittler — as Nandita Biswas Mellamphy  has  already  acknowledged,3  along  with  a  host  of  typewriter-and-keyboard  networking  enthusiasts,  including  a  certain  Arthur  Kroker  —  we  already  have  a  Media-Nietz sche, tracked from several angles, several perspectives. As Nietz sche himself  has  told  us,  “There  are  myriad  eyes.  Even  the  sphinx  had  eyes.  And  consequently  there  are  myriad  truths,  and  con-sequently there is no truth.”4 Thus we suppose a multiplicity of trans-  and  over-humans  (are  we  not  all  already  post-human?)  if  only  to  overcome  the  last  humans,  as  we  imagine  the  trans-human phantasm in our own image.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The vision of the human condition that emerges from both an-cient Greek tragedy and pre-Christian philosophy involves the fundamental duality of Apollo and Dionysus, among other di-vinities,  naturally.  Accordingly,  life  is  defined  and  ordered  by  the influence of both of these divinities. As such it involves defi-nite form, growth and change through time, as well as finitude and the dissolution of every form into chaos and death. Apollo and Dionysus both always win and ultimately always also lose. Nothing  lasts,  except  the  constant  regeneration  of  new  forms  of  growth  and  movements  toward  the  future  that  transit  brief  presents, before becoming memories of the past. From this per-spective we are indeed all goats that sing and dance for a while before  vanishing  into  the  nihilating  nothing.2  Or,  in  another  image,  we  are  all  donkeys  that  celebrate  for  a  while,  welcom-ing new donkeys to the celebration before singing our songs of goodbye.3 Yet the fact that every singing donkey or goat stands under  the  influence  of  two  divinities  has  also  given  birth  to  much hope and longing for eternity and the promise of escap-ing from the depredations of time. Some of these structures of hope have been based on vehement attempts to defeat Dionysus altogether and enthrone a permanent Apollo.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The vision of the human condition that emerges from both an-cient Greek tragedy and pre-Christian philosophy involves the fundamental duality of Apollo and Dionysus, among other di-vinities,  naturally.  Accordingly,  life  is  defined  and  ordered  by  the influence of both of these divinities. As such it involves defi-nite form, growth and change through time, as well as finitude and the dissolution of every form into chaos and death. Apollo and Dionysus both always win and ultimately always also lose. Nothing  lasts,  except  the  constant  regeneration  of  new  forms  of  growth  and  movements  toward  the  future  that  transit  brief  presents, before becoming memories of the past. From this per-spective we are indeed all goats that sing and dance for a while before  vanishing  into  the  nihilating  nothing.2  Or,  in  another  image,  we  are  all  donkeys  that  celebrate  for  a  while,  welcom-ing new donkeys to the celebration before singing our songs of goodbye.3 Yet the fact that every singing donkey or goat stands under  the  influence  of  two  divinities  has  also  given  birth  to  much hope and longing for eternity and the promise of escap-ing from the depredations of time. Some of these structures of hope have been based on vehement attempts to defeat Dionysus altogether and enthrone a permanent Apollo.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;While  the  world  made  fun  of  Donald  Rumsfeld  for  his  obser-vations  regarding  the  “unknown  unknowns”  gaffe,  hidden  in  the rhetoric a quiet revolution in military affairs was underway.1More precisely, it was a subtle but significant revolution in mili-tary concepts.  Mass  and  firepower  —  the  traditional  metrics  of  military capability — were not (as is most often argued) undermined;  rather,  they  were  being  augmented  (and  recontextual-ized) with a terminological turn that reflects, if nothing else, the significance of the impact of the Age of Information on military affairs.  At  the  very  least,  the  conduct  of  war  was  being  recon-sidered in a network-centric sense.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;While  the  world  made  fun  of  Donald  Rumsfeld  for  his  obser-vations  regarding  the  “unknown  unknowns”  gaffe,  hidden  in  the rhetoric a quiet revolution in military affairs was underway.1More precisely, it was a subtle but significant revolution in mili-tary concepts.  Mass  and  firepower  —  the  traditional  metrics  of  military capability — were not (as is most often argued) undermined;  rather,  they  were  being  augmented  (and  recontextual-ized) with a terminological turn that reflects, if nothing else, the significance of the impact of the Age of Information on military affairs.  At  the  very  least,  the  conduct  of  war  was  being  recon-sidered in a network-centric sense.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">A Philosophy of the Antichrist in the Time of the Anthropocenic Multitude</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Preliminary Lexicon for the Conceptual Network</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Gary Shapiro</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>University of Richmond</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Antichrist.  Nietz  sche’s  not  just  being  scary  and  shocking.  He speaks of a “philosophy of the Antichrist” in one of the more explicitly political sections of Beyond Good and Evil,1 in fact in a  long  concluding  aphorism  in  §8,  “Peoples  and  Fatherlands.”  He  reviews  the  mixed  accomplishments  of  figures  who  helped  to teach the nineteenth-century concept of “the higher human (Mensch),”  including  such  diverse  men  as  Napoleon,  Wagner,  Stendhal,  and  Heine.  While  all  invented  various  forms  of  cul-tural hybridity (cf.übernational), escaping the limits of nation-alism, still all reverted to religion, and none “would have been capable  of  a  philosophy  of  the  Antichrist.”  In  the  late  preface  to The  Birth  of  Tragedy  Nietz  sche  ventures  to  reveal  the  Anti-christ’s  true  name:  Dionysus.  The  book  The  Antichrist,  com-pleted by Nietz sche and published laterin distorted form by his sister Elisabeth, was first described as the initial one of four in The  Transvaluation  of  Values,  and  later  as  the  work’s  whole.  In  choosing  the  name  and  figure  of  Antichrist  is  Nietz  sche  simply aiming at ultimate blasphemy, a poke in the eye for Chris-tianity?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Antichrist.  Nietz  sche’s  not  just  being  scary  and  shocking.  He speaks of a “philosophy of the Antichrist” in one of the more explicitly political sections of Beyond Good and Evil,1 in fact in a  long  concluding  aphorism  in  §8,  “Peoples  and  Fatherlands.”  He  reviews  the  mixed  accomplishments  of  figures  who  helped  to teach the nineteenth-century concept of “the higher human (Mensch),”  including  such  diverse  men  as  Napoleon,  Wagner,  Stendhal,  and  Heine.  While  all  invented  various  forms  of  cul-tural hybridity (cf.übernational), escaping the limits of nation-alism, still all reverted to religion, and none “would have been capable  of  a  philosophy  of  the  Antichrist.”  In  the  late  preface  to The  Birth  of  Tragedy  Nietz  sche  ventures  to  reveal  the  Anti-christ’s  true  name:  Dionysus.  The  book  The  Antichrist,  com-pleted by Nietz sche and published laterin distorted form by his sister Elisabeth, was first described as the initial one of four in The  Transvaluation  of  Values,  and  later  as  the  work’s  whole.  In  choosing  the  name  and  figure  of  Antichrist  is  Nietz  sche  simply aiming at ultimate blasphemy, a poke in the eye for Chris-tianity?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Occupying God's Shadow</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Nietzsche’s Eirōneia</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Julian Reid</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>University of Lapland</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;It is a truism, after Schmitt, to say that all modern political con-cepts  are  secularized  theological  ones.  Politically  speaking  we  have yet to emancipate ourselves from the tyranny of theologi-cal  reason.  Never  less  so  than  in  this  current  era  in  which  we  remain subjected to what Schmitt called “liberal metaphysics.”1And so it is the case that the struggle with neoliberalism must be  a  struggle  against  the  continuities  of  its  theology.  Contrary  to  Nietz  sche,  God  is  far  from  dead:  we  haven’t  quite  finished  the  job  of  killing  him  —  nor  perhaps  could  we,  were  we  up  to  the  task.  In  actual  fact,  to  be  true  to  Nietz  sche,  his  proclama-tion  that  “God  is  dead”  was  followed  directly  by  a  claim  as  to  the “shadow” that God continues to cast over us in spite of his “death” and a warning that, in spite of his death, “we still have to vanquish his shadow.”2 That “God is dead” merely means that he  continues  to  live  in  a  different  way,  as  a  shadow  of  himself. The problem Nietz sche posed for us has subsequently been understood as that of how to vanquish that shadow; how to secure the demise of God such that we might escape the many ways in which that shadow continues to be thrown over us, preventing us from realizing our emancipation from religion. How, in other words, to sever the relation of religion to the modern, ridding us of the scourge of religion that continues to afflict our thinking and practices.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;It is a truism, after Schmitt, to say that all modern political con-cepts  are  secularized  theological  ones.  Politically  speaking  we  have yet to emancipate ourselves from the tyranny of theologi-cal  reason.  Never  less  so  than  in  this  current  era  in  which  we  remain subjected to what Schmitt called “liberal metaphysics.”1And so it is the case that the struggle with neoliberalism must be  a  struggle  against  the  continuities  of  its  theology.  Contrary  to  Nietz  sche,  God  is  far  from  dead:  we  haven’t  quite  finished  the  job  of  killing  him  —  nor  perhaps  could  we,  were  we  up  to  the  task.  In  actual  fact,  to  be  true  to  Nietz  sche,  his  proclama-tion  that  “God  is  dead”  was  followed  directly  by  a  claim  as  to  the “shadow” that God continues to cast over us in spite of his “death” and a warning that, in spite of his death, “we still have to vanquish his shadow.”2 That “God is dead” merely means that he  continues  to  live  in  a  different  way,  as  a  shadow  of  himself. The problem Nietz sche posed for us has subsequently been understood as that of how to vanquish that shadow; how to secure the demise of God such that we might escape the many ways in which that shadow continues to be thrown over us, preventing us from realizing our emancipation from religion. How, in other words, to sever the relation of religion to the modern, ridding us of the scourge of religion that continues to afflict our thinking and practices.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Reading Nietzsche in the Wake of the 2008-9 War on Gaza</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>C. Heike Schotten</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>University of Massachusetts Boston</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In late January 2009, I sat down to re-read Nietz sche’s Geneal-ogy  of  Morals.  I  remember  this  otherwise  uneventful  event  so  distinctly  because  at  that  moment  the  first  of  Israel’s  series  of  twenty-first-century  wars  on  Gaza  was  brutally  and  unremit-tingly  underway.  During  that  three-week-long  military  attack,  Israel  killed  over  1,400  Palestinians,  most  of  whom  were  civil-ians  and  approximately  400  of  whom  were  children.  Israel,  in  fact,  deliberately  targeted  civilians  —  including  children  and  humanitarian  aid  workers  —  assaulting  Palestinians  simulta-neously by air, land, and sea, and deploying white phosphorus against them, a chemical intended to operate as a smokescreen for troop movements but when used as a weapon burns people’s flesh down to the bone.1 The brutality of Israel’s war was all the more agonizing due to the fact that the people of Gaza were not allowed to leave there, Gaza itself being among the most dense-ly  populated  areas  on  the  earth.  This  unrelenting,  intentional,  and  indiscriminate  massacre,  conducted  by  one  of  the  largest  military  powers  in  the  world  against  a  largely  unarmed,  civil-ian,  refugee,  and  subject  population,  resulted  in  mass  murder,  rampant homelessness, devastation of Gaza’s infrastructure, and destruction of the major institutions and workings of Palestin-ian  daily  life,  including  schools,  universities,  mosques,  hospi-tals, and roads.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In late January 2009, I sat down to re-read Nietz sche’s Geneal-ogy  of  Morals.  I  remember  this  otherwise  uneventful  event  so  distinctly  because  at  that  moment  the  first  of  Israel’s  series  of  twenty-first-century  wars  on  Gaza  was  brutally  and  unremit-tingly  underway.  During  that  three-week-long  military  attack,  Israel  killed  over  1,400  Palestinians,  most  of  whom  were  civil-ians  and  approximately  400  of  whom  were  children.  Israel,  in  fact,  deliberately  targeted  civilians  —  including  children  and  humanitarian  aid  workers  —  assaulting  Palestinians  simulta-neously by air, land, and sea, and deploying white phosphorus against them, a chemical intended to operate as a smokescreen for troop movements but when used as a weapon burns people’s flesh down to the bone.1 The brutality of Israel’s war was all the more agonizing due to the fact that the people of Gaza were not allowed to leave there, Gaza itself being among the most dense-ly  populated  areas  on  the  earth.  This  unrelenting,  intentional,  and  indiscriminate  massacre,  conducted  by  one  of  the  largest  military  powers  in  the  world  against  a  largely  unarmed,  civil-ian,  refugee,  and  subject  population,  resulted  in  mass  murder,  rampant homelessness, devastation of Gaza’s infrastructure, and destruction of the major institutions and workings of Palestin-ian  daily  life,  including  schools,  universities,  mosques,  hospi-tals, and roads.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Schotten, C. Heike</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Nietzsche’s Amor Fati</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Wishing and Willing in a Cybernetic Circuit</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Nicola Masciandaro</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Nicola</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Masciandaro</KeyNames>
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            <Affiliation>Brooklyn College</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This  paper  is  commentary  on  The  Gay  Science  §276  in  light  of  the cybernetic.3 The natural connection between the cybernetic and  Nietz sche’s amor fati is evident in their intersection within the principle of interface as the site of steering or helmsmanship (kubernēsis). Nietz sche names this love under the double sign of Januarius — at once the two-faced god of beginnings/doorways/gates and the saint whose annually liquefying blood signals the miracle  of  spiritual  renewal  —  and  installs  it  as  a  navigational  protocol in the form of a new year’s resolution: “Let that be my love from now on!” Amor  fati, I will affirm, is the protocol for navigating interface itself, a pure cybernetic law that steers steer-ing per  se  around  the  radically  immanent  negative  interfacial  pole of looking away: “Let looking away be my only negation!” Love of fate, the positive formulation of not worrying, is a pros-thetic intrinsically necessary for manipulating the inoperability of  interface,  its  being  “a  medium  that  does  not  mediate.”4  Far  from  representing  an  immaterial  or  merely  subjective  affect,  amor  fati  enjoys  a  terrifying  invisible  positive  traction  and  in-escapable occult influence upon all interfaces.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This  paper  is  commentary  on  The  Gay  Science  §276  in  light  of  the cybernetic.3 The natural connection between the cybernetic and  Nietz sche’s amor fati is evident in their intersection within the principle of interface as the site of steering or helmsmanship (kubernēsis). Nietz sche names this love under the double sign of Januarius — at once the two-faced god of beginnings/doorways/gates and the saint whose annually liquefying blood signals the miracle  of  spiritual  renewal  —  and  installs  it  as  a  navigational  protocol in the form of a new year’s resolution: “Let that be my love from now on!” Amor  fati, I will affirm, is the protocol for navigating interface itself, a pure cybernetic law that steers steer-ing per  se  around  the  radically  immanent  negative  interfacial  pole of looking away: “Let looking away be my only negation!” Love of fate, the positive formulation of not worrying, is a pros-thetic intrinsically necessary for manipulating the inoperability of  interface,  its  being  “a  medium  that  does  not  mediate.”4  Far  from  representing  an  immaterial  or  merely  subjective  affect,  amor  fati  enjoys  a  terrifying  invisible  positive  traction  and  in-escapable occult influence upon all interfaces.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Masciandaro, Nicola</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Outing the "It" that Thinks</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">On the Collapse of an Intellectual Ecosystem</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>R.Scott Bakker</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Who  kills  Hector  in  The  Illiad?  The  easy  answer  is:  Achilles.  After all, he was the one who drove his spear through Hector’s neck, who gloried over his dying form, then proceeded to des-ecrate his corpse. But if you read Homer carefully, you see that the death of Hector is in fact a corporate enterprise. We are told shortly after the duel that death and fate seized him and dragged him down. And, even more curiously, we learn that Hector was “struck down at Achilles’ hands by blazing-eyed Athena.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Who  kills  Hector  in  The  Illiad?  The  easy  answer  is:  Achilles.  After all, he was the one who drove his spear through Hector’s neck, who gloried over his dying form, then proceeded to des-ecrate his corpse. But if you read Homer carefully, you see that the death of Hector is in fact a corporate enterprise. We are told shortly after the duel that death and fate seized him and dragged him down. And, even more curiously, we learn that Hector was “struck down at Achilles’ hands by blazing-eyed Athena.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In the 1830s, fleeing a cholera epidemic in Berlin, Schopenhauer writes the following in his notebook: When  I  was  seventeen,  without  any  proper  schooling,  I  was  affected  by  the  misery  and  wretchedness  of  life,  as  was  the  Buddha  when  in  his  youth  he  caught  sight  of  sickness,  old  age,  pain  and  death  [...]  the  result  for  me  was  that  this  world  could  not  be  the  work  of  an  all-bountiful,  infinitely  good being, but rather of a demon who had summoned into existence  creatures  in  order  to  gloat  over  the  sight  of  their  anguish and agony.1Now,  Schopenhauer  was  no  Buddha,  but  the  passage  reveals  something at the core of his thinking, and that is the dual ori-gin of pessimism. On the one hand, pessimism is conditional, it stems from observation and experience, but also from inclina-tion and predilection — maybe you’re stressed out, maybe you’re feeling under the weather, maybe something somewhere hurts. This conditional pessimism can be found in Pascal, Lichtenberg, the  French  moralists,  and  it  surfaces  in  Schopenhauer’s  many grumblings concerning humanity, caught as it is in the pedantic, existential metronome of boredom and striving.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In the 1830s, fleeing a cholera epidemic in Berlin, Schopenhauer writes the following in his notebook: When  I  was  seventeen,  without  any  proper  schooling,  I  was  affected  by  the  misery  and  wretchedness  of  life,  as  was  the  Buddha  when  in  his  youth  he  caught  sight  of  sickness,  old  age,  pain  and  death  [...]  the  result  for  me  was  that  this  world  could  not  be  the  work  of  an  all-bountiful,  infinitely  good being, but rather of a demon who had summoned into existence  creatures  in  order  to  gloat  over  the  sight  of  their  anguish and agony.1Now,  Schopenhauer  was  no  Buddha,  but  the  passage  reveals  something at the core of his thinking, and that is the dual ori-gin of pessimism. On the one hand, pessimism is conditional, it stems from observation and experience, but also from inclina-tion and predilection — maybe you’re stressed out, maybe you’re feeling under the weather, maybe something somewhere hurts. This conditional pessimism can be found in Pascal, Lichtenberg, the  French  moralists,  and  it  surfaces  in  Schopenhauer’s  many grumblings concerning humanity, caught as it is in the pedantic, existential metronome of boredom and striving.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <Subtitle language="eng">On Nietzsche’s “Equinimity”</Subtitle>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;These are the introductory titles at the beginning of Béla Tarr’s film, which picks up the narrative immediately after these events. The  film  is  a  meticulous,  monotonous,  mesmerizing  depiction  of the life of the driver of the cart — not actually a hansom cab, in fact — his daughter, and (to a lesser degree) the horse (fig. 1). We  can  only  speculate  what  it  was  that  triggered  this  event  (and  of  course  the  debate  continues  concerning  the  extent  to  which it really happened or is purely apocryphal). In any case, this story has become such a primal scene for Western philoso-phy  because  it  rests  on  a  fatal  or  poetic  irony:  Nietz  sche,  the  great Zarathustrian warrior of the right and mighty, is undone by  a  tsunami  of  pity  inspired  by  a  single  beast.  (Had  not  the  same man, in a book called Genealogy of Morals, warned against such  tender  sympathies  as  a  Trojan  Horse,  bearing  yet  more  moralistic  slaves  into  the  city?2)  How  to  read  this  anomolous  moment of empathy and compassion in the light of his un-Sa-maritan perspective on ethics?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;These are the introductory titles at the beginning of Béla Tarr’s film, which picks up the narrative immediately after these events. The  film  is  a  meticulous,  monotonous,  mesmerizing  depiction  of the life of the driver of the cart — not actually a hansom cab, in fact — his daughter, and (to a lesser degree) the horse (fig. 1). We  can  only  speculate  what  it  was  that  triggered  this  event  (and  of  course  the  debate  continues  concerning  the  extent  to  which it really happened or is purely apocryphal). In any case, this story has become such a primal scene for Western philoso-phy  because  it  rests  on  a  fatal  or  poetic  irony:  Nietz  sche,  the  great Zarathustrian warrior of the right and mighty, is undone by  a  tsunami  of  pity  inspired  by  a  single  beast.  (Had  not  the  same man, in a book called Genealogy of Morals, warned against such  tender  sympathies  as  a  Trojan  Horse,  bearing  yet  more  moralistic  slaves  into  the  city?2)  How  to  read  this  anomolous  moment of empathy and compassion in the light of his un-Sa-maritan perspective on ethics?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">The Rope-Dancer’s Fall</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">“Going Under” as Undergoing Nietzscheo-Simondonian Transindividuation</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Sarah Choukah</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;I initially marveled at Simondon’s exemplification of transindi-viduation through Zarathustra’s experience of the rope-dancer’s death  in  Also  Sprach  Zarathustra.  Transindividuation — a  being’s  passage  from  psychic  to  collective  existence  —  operates  through affects and emotions that express a lack, a void, a gap in the fabric of its interrelation with others. A prior state of things having seemingly little to do with the end result is necessary for collective modes of existence to emerge. The perspective is so-bering, especially in comparison with an overoptimistic but all too common view of the formation of networked collectivities. Such contemporary ideologies of the good tell us innate proper-ties of contemporary information networks improve knowledge production  and  sharing,  communication,  and,  by  implication,  human culture.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;I initially marveled at Simondon’s exemplification of transindi-viduation through Zarathustra’s experience of the rope-dancer’s death  in  Also  Sprach  Zarathustra.  Transindividuation — a  being’s  passage  from  psychic  to  collective  existence  —  operates  through affects and emotions that express a lack, a void, a gap in the fabric of its interrelation with others. A prior state of things having seemingly little to do with the end result is necessary for collective modes of existence to emerge. The perspective is so-bering, especially in comparison with an overoptimistic but all too common view of the formation of networked collectivities. Such contemporary ideologies of the good tell us innate proper-ties of contemporary information networks improve knowledge production  and  sharing,  communication,  and,  by  implication,  human culture.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">The Will to Obsolescence</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Nietzsche, Code, and the Digital Present</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Jen Boyle</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>Coastal Carolina University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This  small  love-poem  written  by  Nietz  sche  in  1882  celebrates  his acquisition of the Malling-Hansen Writing-Ball, a machine that would — for a time at least — offer prosthetic assistance for Nietz sche’s failing vision (fig. 1). In various letters, he expresses his  delight  with  a  device  for  writing  that  is  “guided  only  by  a  sense  of  touch”  and  which  no  longer  requires  “the  eyes  to  do  their work.”2 Fried rich Kittler juxtaposes Nietz sche’s sentiments on  the  definitively  tactile  power  of  the  Writing-Ball  with  fragments  from  Heidegger’s  essay  on  “The  Hand  and  Typewriter”  to write&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This  small  love-poem  written  by  Nietz  sche  in  1882  celebrates  his acquisition of the Malling-Hansen Writing-Ball, a machine that would — for a time at least — offer prosthetic assistance for Nietz sche’s failing vision (fig. 1). In various letters, he expresses his  delight  with  a  device  for  writing  that  is  “guided  only  by  a  sense  of  touch”  and  which  no  longer  requires  “the  eyes  to  do  their work.”2 Fried rich Kittler juxtaposes Nietz sche’s sentiments on  the  definitively  tactile  power  of  the  Writing-Ball  with  fragments  from  Heidegger’s  essay  on  “The  Hand  and  Typewriter”  to write&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Boyle, Jen</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Farmville, Eternal Recurrence, and the Will-to-Power-Ups</TitleText>
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            <Affiliation>Old Dominion University</Affiliation>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Aesthetic States of Frenzy</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Nietzsche’s Aesthetic Palimpsest</Subtitle>
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            <TitleText language="eng">“Philosophizing With a Scalpel”</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">From Nietzsche to Nina Arsenault</Subtitle>
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            <TitleText language="eng">“Nietzsche in Drag”</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Thinking Technology through the Theater of Judith Butler</Subtitle>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Was   heißt   Gamification?   That   is:   what   is   called   gamifica-tion?  —  but  also,  what  calls  upon  us  to  gamify?  What  is  it,  in  our age, that is such that gamification should emerge within it, should be called forth by it?I hope, most centrally, to ask the last of these questions, but the way we build in our questioning cannot but pass through the other questions as well. Still, since this last concern is my focus, we will begin with Heidegger’s use of Nietz sche in his attempt to understand our technological age, in which we are called upon to gamify.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Can Nietzsche be considered a thinker of media and mediation, as the German media theorist Friedrich Kittler declared in his influential book Gramophone, Film, Typewriter?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Nietzsche was a truly transdisciplinary thinker, one who never fit into his own nineteenth-century surroundings and who recognized himself as a “herald and precursor” of the future, of our globally-reticulated digital present. Perhaps not since Kittler has there been a study — let alone an anthology — that re-assesses and re-evaluates Nietzsche’s thought in light of the technically mediated and machinic conditions of the human in the age of digital networks.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Can Nietzsche be considered a thinker of media and mediation, as the German media theorist Friedrich Kittler declared in his influential book Gramophone, Film, Typewriter?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Nietzsche was a truly transdisciplinary thinker, one who never fit into his own nineteenth-century surroundings and who recognized himself as a “herald and precursor” of the future, of our globally-reticulated digital present. Perhaps not since Kittler has there been a study — let alone an anthology — that re-assesses and re-evaluates Nietzsche’s thought in light of the technically mediated and machinic conditions of the human in the age of digital networks.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The inspiration for this volume of essays, drawn from the pro-ceedings of the Nietz sche Workshop @ Western (held at West-ern University, London on, and the Center for Transformative Media at The New School, New York ny),1 comes from the hy-pothesis that Nietz sche’s thinking is pertinent to a phenomenon which can be described as the planetary propensity toward the digitization and networking of information. Moreover, “Nietz-sche-Thought”  —  to  lift  a  phrase  from  philosopher  François  Laruelle2  —  provides  unique  insights  about  the  complexities of  our  contemporary  network-centric  condition,    especially  in  relation  to  the  all-important  notion  of  “information,”  which  has  been  conceptualized  primarily  in  terms  that  are  protoco-logical and computational, hence almost exclusively Apollonian(or  as  Gilles  Deleuze  and  Félix  Guattari  would  say,  “striated”),  rather  than  Dionysian  (or  as  Deleuze  and  Guattari  would  say,  “smooth”) terms. As Manav Guha argues in his contribution to this volume, the current military understanding of net-centric-ity is “a project of extreme striation involving the harnessing of Dionysian energies of the yet-to-be-processed with the Apollon-ian reigns of the processor.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The inspiration for this volume of essays, drawn from the pro-ceedings of the Nietz sche Workshop @ Western (held at West-ern University, London on, and the Center for Transformative Media at The New School, New York ny),1 comes from the hy-pothesis that Nietz sche’s thinking is pertinent to a phenomenon which can be described as the planetary propensity toward the digitization and networking of information. Moreover, “Nietz-sche-Thought”  —  to  lift  a  phrase  from  philosopher  François  Laruelle2  —  provides  unique  insights  about  the  complexities of  our  contemporary  network-centric  condition,    especially  in  relation  to  the  all-important  notion  of  “information,”  which  has  been  conceptualized  primarily  in  terms  that  are  protoco-logical and computational, hence almost exclusively Apollonian(or  as  Gilles  Deleuze  and  Félix  Guattari  would  say,  “striated”),  rather  than  Dionysian  (or  as  Deleuze  and  Guattari  would  say,  “smooth”) terms. As Manav Guha argues in his contribution to this volume, the current military understanding of net-centric-ity is “a project of extreme striation involving the harnessing of Dionysian energies of the yet-to-be-processed with the Apollon-ian reigns of the processor.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The Cyborg-Nietz  sche  appeals  to  us  —  indeed  the  pastiche-in-general  appeals  to  us  —  like  the  bookplate-image  from  Alfred  Soder’s Nietz  sche  in  the  High  Mountains,  discretely  placed  not  on  the  front  of  the  dust-jacket  but  the  back  of  Steven  E.  Ascheim’s Nietz sche   Legacy.2  Nietz  sche-On-Demand  can  be  found at the click of a button: the Hitler-Nietz sche? ... got  that; the Ayn-Rand-Nietz sche? ... got  that;  the Naturalist-  or  Brian-Leiter-Nietz sche? ... alsogot  that.  The  Analytic-Nietz sche   we have from John Richardson to Aaron Ridley, the “New”-Nietz-sche  still  with  David  Allison  and  the  shining  feathers  of  Al-phonso Lingis. And with Friedrich Kittler — as Nandita Biswas Mellamphy  has  already  acknowledged,3  along  with  a  host  of  typewriter-and-keyboard  networking  enthusiasts,  including  a  certain  Arthur  Kroker  —  we  already  have  a  Media-Nietz sche, tracked from several angles, several perspectives. As Nietz sche himself  has  told  us,  “There  are  myriad  eyes.  Even  the  sphinx  had  eyes.  And  consequently  there  are  myriad  truths,  and  con-sequently there is no truth.”4 Thus we suppose a multiplicity of trans-  and  over-humans  (are  we  not  all  already  post-human?)  if  only  to  overcome  the  last  humans,  as  we  imagine  the  trans-human phantasm in our own image.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The Cyborg-Nietz  sche  appeals  to  us  —  indeed  the  pastiche-in-general  appeals  to  us  —  like  the  bookplate-image  from  Alfred  Soder’s Nietz  sche  in  the  High  Mountains,  discretely  placed  not  on  the  front  of  the  dust-jacket  but  the  back  of  Steven  E.  Ascheim’s Nietz sche   Legacy.2  Nietz  sche-On-Demand  can  be  found at the click of a button: the Hitler-Nietz sche? ... got  that; the Ayn-Rand-Nietz sche? ... got  that;  the Naturalist-  or  Brian-Leiter-Nietz sche? ... alsogot  that.  The  Analytic-Nietz sche   we have from John Richardson to Aaron Ridley, the “New”-Nietz-sche  still  with  David  Allison  and  the  shining  feathers  of  Al-phonso Lingis. And with Friedrich Kittler — as Nandita Biswas Mellamphy  has  already  acknowledged,3  along  with  a  host  of  typewriter-and-keyboard  networking  enthusiasts,  including  a  certain  Arthur  Kroker  —  we  already  have  a  Media-Nietz sche, tracked from several angles, several perspectives. As Nietz sche himself  has  told  us,  “There  are  myriad  eyes.  Even  the  sphinx  had  eyes.  And  consequently  there  are  myriad  truths,  and  con-sequently there is no truth.”4 Thus we suppose a multiplicity of trans-  and  over-humans  (are  we  not  all  already  post-human?)  if  only  to  overcome  the  last  humans,  as  we  imagine  the  trans-human phantasm in our own image.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">The Internet as a Development from Descartes' Res Cogitans</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">How to Render It Dionysian</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Horst Hutter</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The vision of the human condition that emerges from both an-cient Greek tragedy and pre-Christian philosophy involves the fundamental duality of Apollo and Dionysus, among other di-vinities,  naturally.  Accordingly,  life  is  defined  and  ordered  by  the influence of both of these divinities. As such it involves defi-nite form, growth and change through time, as well as finitude and the dissolution of every form into chaos and death. Apollo and Dionysus both always win and ultimately always also lose. Nothing  lasts,  except  the  constant  regeneration  of  new  forms  of  growth  and  movements  toward  the  future  that  transit  brief  presents, before becoming memories of the past. From this per-spective we are indeed all goats that sing and dance for a while before  vanishing  into  the  nihilating  nothing.2  Or,  in  another  image,  we  are  all  donkeys  that  celebrate  for  a  while,  welcom-ing new donkeys to the celebration before singing our songs of goodbye.3 Yet the fact that every singing donkey or goat stands under  the  influence  of  two  divinities  has  also  given  birth  to  much hope and longing for eternity and the promise of escap-ing from the depredations of time. Some of these structures of hope have been based on vehement attempts to defeat Dionysus altogether and enthrone a permanent Apollo.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The vision of the human condition that emerges from both an-cient Greek tragedy and pre-Christian philosophy involves the fundamental duality of Apollo and Dionysus, among other di-vinities,  naturally.  Accordingly,  life  is  defined  and  ordered  by  the influence of both of these divinities. As such it involves defi-nite form, growth and change through time, as well as finitude and the dissolution of every form into chaos and death. Apollo and Dionysus both always win and ultimately always also lose. Nothing  lasts,  except  the  constant  regeneration  of  new  forms  of  growth  and  movements  toward  the  future  that  transit  brief  presents, before becoming memories of the past. From this per-spective we are indeed all goats that sing and dance for a while before  vanishing  into  the  nihilating  nothing.2  Or,  in  another  image,  we  are  all  donkeys  that  celebrate  for  a  while,  welcom-ing new donkeys to the celebration before singing our songs of goodbye.3 Yet the fact that every singing donkey or goat stands under  the  influence  of  two  divinities  has  also  given  birth  to  much hope and longing for eternity and the promise of escap-ing from the depredations of time. Some of these structures of hope have been based on vehement attempts to defeat Dionysus altogether and enthrone a permanent Apollo.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Networked Nightmares</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">On Our Dionysian Post-Military Condition</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Manabrata Guha</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>University of New South Wales</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;While  the  world  made  fun  of  Donald  Rumsfeld  for  his  obser-vations  regarding  the  “unknown  unknowns”  gaffe,  hidden  in  the rhetoric a quiet revolution in military affairs was underway.1More precisely, it was a subtle but significant revolution in mili-tary concepts.  Mass  and  firepower  —  the  traditional  metrics  of  military capability — were not (as is most often argued) undermined;  rather,  they  were  being  augmented  (and  recontextual-ized) with a terminological turn that reflects, if nothing else, the significance of the impact of the Age of Information on military affairs.  At  the  very  least,  the  conduct  of  war  was  being  recon-sidered in a network-centric sense.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;While  the  world  made  fun  of  Donald  Rumsfeld  for  his  obser-vations  regarding  the  “unknown  unknowns”  gaffe,  hidden  in  the rhetoric a quiet revolution in military affairs was underway.1More precisely, it was a subtle but significant revolution in mili-tary concepts.  Mass  and  firepower  —  the  traditional  metrics  of  military capability — were not (as is most often argued) undermined;  rather,  they  were  being  augmented  (and  recontextual-ized) with a terminological turn that reflects, if nothing else, the significance of the impact of the Age of Information on military affairs.  At  the  very  least,  the  conduct  of  war  was  being  recon-sidered in a network-centric sense.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">A Philosophy of the Antichrist in the Time of the Anthropocenic Multitude</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Preliminary Lexicon for the Conceptual Network</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Gary Shapiro</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>University of Richmond</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Antichrist.  Nietz  sche’s  not  just  being  scary  and  shocking.  He speaks of a “philosophy of the Antichrist” in one of the more explicitly political sections of Beyond Good and Evil,1 in fact in a  long  concluding  aphorism  in  §8,  “Peoples  and  Fatherlands.”  He  reviews  the  mixed  accomplishments  of  figures  who  helped  to teach the nineteenth-century concept of “the higher human (Mensch),”  including  such  diverse  men  as  Napoleon,  Wagner,  Stendhal,  and  Heine.  While  all  invented  various  forms  of  cul-tural hybridity (cf.übernational), escaping the limits of nation-alism, still all reverted to religion, and none “would have been capable  of  a  philosophy  of  the  Antichrist.”  In  the  late  preface  to The  Birth  of  Tragedy  Nietz  sche  ventures  to  reveal  the  Anti-christ’s  true  name:  Dionysus.  The  book  The  Antichrist,  com-pleted by Nietz sche and published laterin distorted form by his sister Elisabeth, was first described as the initial one of four in The  Transvaluation  of  Values,  and  later  as  the  work’s  whole.  In  choosing  the  name  and  figure  of  Antichrist  is  Nietz  sche  simply aiming at ultimate blasphemy, a poke in the eye for Chris-tianity?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Antichrist.  Nietz  sche’s  not  just  being  scary  and  shocking.  He speaks of a “philosophy of the Antichrist” in one of the more explicitly political sections of Beyond Good and Evil,1 in fact in a  long  concluding  aphorism  in  §8,  “Peoples  and  Fatherlands.”  He  reviews  the  mixed  accomplishments  of  figures  who  helped  to teach the nineteenth-century concept of “the higher human (Mensch),”  including  such  diverse  men  as  Napoleon,  Wagner,  Stendhal,  and  Heine.  While  all  invented  various  forms  of  cul-tural hybridity (cf.übernational), escaping the limits of nation-alism, still all reverted to religion, and none “would have been capable  of  a  philosophy  of  the  Antichrist.”  In  the  late  preface  to The  Birth  of  Tragedy  Nietz  sche  ventures  to  reveal  the  Anti-christ’s  true  name:  Dionysus.  The  book  The  Antichrist,  com-pleted by Nietz sche and published laterin distorted form by his sister Elisabeth, was first described as the initial one of four in The  Transvaluation  of  Values,  and  later  as  the  work’s  whole.  In  choosing  the  name  and  figure  of  Antichrist  is  Nietz  sche  simply aiming at ultimate blasphemy, a poke in the eye for Chris-tianity?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Shapiro, Gary</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Occupying God's Shadow</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Nietzsche’s Eirōneia</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Julian Reid</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>University of Lapland</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;It is a truism, after Schmitt, to say that all modern political con-cepts  are  secularized  theological  ones.  Politically  speaking  we  have yet to emancipate ourselves from the tyranny of theologi-cal  reason.  Never  less  so  than  in  this  current  era  in  which  we  remain subjected to what Schmitt called “liberal metaphysics.”1And so it is the case that the struggle with neoliberalism must be  a  struggle  against  the  continuities  of  its  theology.  Contrary  to  Nietz  sche,  God  is  far  from  dead:  we  haven’t  quite  finished  the  job  of  killing  him  —  nor  perhaps  could  we,  were  we  up  to  the  task.  In  actual  fact,  to  be  true  to  Nietz  sche,  his  proclama-tion  that  “God  is  dead”  was  followed  directly  by  a  claim  as  to  the “shadow” that God continues to cast over us in spite of his “death” and a warning that, in spite of his death, “we still have to vanquish his shadow.”2 That “God is dead” merely means that he  continues  to  live  in  a  different  way,  as  a  shadow  of  himself. The problem Nietz sche posed for us has subsequently been understood as that of how to vanquish that shadow; how to secure the demise of God such that we might escape the many ways in which that shadow continues to be thrown over us, preventing us from realizing our emancipation from religion. How, in other words, to sever the relation of religion to the modern, ridding us of the scourge of religion that continues to afflict our thinking and practices.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;It is a truism, after Schmitt, to say that all modern political con-cepts  are  secularized  theological  ones.  Politically  speaking  we  have yet to emancipate ourselves from the tyranny of theologi-cal  reason.  Never  less  so  than  in  this  current  era  in  which  we  remain subjected to what Schmitt called “liberal metaphysics.”1And so it is the case that the struggle with neoliberalism must be  a  struggle  against  the  continuities  of  its  theology.  Contrary  to  Nietz  sche,  God  is  far  from  dead:  we  haven’t  quite  finished  the  job  of  killing  him  —  nor  perhaps  could  we,  were  we  up  to  the  task.  In  actual  fact,  to  be  true  to  Nietz  sche,  his  proclama-tion  that  “God  is  dead”  was  followed  directly  by  a  claim  as  to  the “shadow” that God continues to cast over us in spite of his “death” and a warning that, in spite of his death, “we still have to vanquish his shadow.”2 That “God is dead” merely means that he  continues  to  live  in  a  different  way,  as  a  shadow  of  himself. The problem Nietz sche posed for us has subsequently been understood as that of how to vanquish that shadow; how to secure the demise of God such that we might escape the many ways in which that shadow continues to be thrown over us, preventing us from realizing our emancipation from religion. How, in other words, to sever the relation of religion to the modern, ridding us of the scourge of religion that continues to afflict our thinking and practices.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Reading Nietzsche in the Wake of the 2008-9 War on Gaza</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>C. Heike Schotten</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>University of Massachusetts Boston</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In late January 2009, I sat down to re-read Nietz sche’s Geneal-ogy  of  Morals.  I  remember  this  otherwise  uneventful  event  so  distinctly  because  at  that  moment  the  first  of  Israel’s  series  of  twenty-first-century  wars  on  Gaza  was  brutally  and  unremit-tingly  underway.  During  that  three-week-long  military  attack,  Israel  killed  over  1,400  Palestinians,  most  of  whom  were  civil-ians  and  approximately  400  of  whom  were  children.  Israel,  in  fact,  deliberately  targeted  civilians  —  including  children  and  humanitarian  aid  workers  —  assaulting  Palestinians  simulta-neously by air, land, and sea, and deploying white phosphorus against them, a chemical intended to operate as a smokescreen for troop movements but when used as a weapon burns people’s flesh down to the bone.1 The brutality of Israel’s war was all the more agonizing due to the fact that the people of Gaza were not allowed to leave there, Gaza itself being among the most dense-ly  populated  areas  on  the  earth.  This  unrelenting,  intentional,  and  indiscriminate  massacre,  conducted  by  one  of  the  largest  military  powers  in  the  world  against  a  largely  unarmed,  civil-ian,  refugee,  and  subject  population,  resulted  in  mass  murder,  rampant homelessness, devastation of Gaza’s infrastructure, and destruction of the major institutions and workings of Palestin-ian  daily  life,  including  schools,  universities,  mosques,  hospi-tals, and roads.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In late January 2009, I sat down to re-read Nietz sche’s Geneal-ogy  of  Morals.  I  remember  this  otherwise  uneventful  event  so  distinctly  because  at  that  moment  the  first  of  Israel’s  series  of  twenty-first-century  wars  on  Gaza  was  brutally  and  unremit-tingly  underway.  During  that  three-week-long  military  attack,  Israel  killed  over  1,400  Palestinians,  most  of  whom  were  civil-ians  and  approximately  400  of  whom  were  children.  Israel,  in  fact,  deliberately  targeted  civilians  —  including  children  and  humanitarian  aid  workers  —  assaulting  Palestinians  simulta-neously by air, land, and sea, and deploying white phosphorus against them, a chemical intended to operate as a smokescreen for troop movements but when used as a weapon burns people’s flesh down to the bone.1 The brutality of Israel’s war was all the more agonizing due to the fact that the people of Gaza were not allowed to leave there, Gaza itself being among the most dense-ly  populated  areas  on  the  earth.  This  unrelenting,  intentional,  and  indiscriminate  massacre,  conducted  by  one  of  the  largest  military  powers  in  the  world  against  a  largely  unarmed,  civil-ian,  refugee,  and  subject  population,  resulted  in  mass  murder,  rampant homelessness, devastation of Gaza’s infrastructure, and destruction of the major institutions and workings of Palestin-ian  daily  life,  including  schools,  universities,  mosques,  hospi-tals, and roads.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Nietzsche’s Amor Fati</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Wishing and Willing in a Cybernetic Circuit</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Nicola Masciandaro</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Nicola</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Masciandaro</KeyNames>
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            <Affiliation>Brooklyn College</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This  paper  is  commentary  on  The  Gay  Science  §276  in  light  of  the cybernetic.3 The natural connection between the cybernetic and  Nietz sche’s amor fati is evident in their intersection within the principle of interface as the site of steering or helmsmanship (kubernēsis). Nietz sche names this love under the double sign of Januarius — at once the two-faced god of beginnings/doorways/gates and the saint whose annually liquefying blood signals the miracle  of  spiritual  renewal  —  and  installs  it  as  a  navigational  protocol in the form of a new year’s resolution: “Let that be my love from now on!” Amor  fati, I will affirm, is the protocol for navigating interface itself, a pure cybernetic law that steers steer-ing per  se  around  the  radically  immanent  negative  interfacial  pole of looking away: “Let looking away be my only negation!” Love of fate, the positive formulation of not worrying, is a pros-thetic intrinsically necessary for manipulating the inoperability of  interface,  its  being  “a  medium  that  does  not  mediate.”4  Far  from  representing  an  immaterial  or  merely  subjective  affect,  amor  fati  enjoys  a  terrifying  invisible  positive  traction  and  in-escapable occult influence upon all interfaces.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This  paper  is  commentary  on  The  Gay  Science  §276  in  light  of  the cybernetic.3 The natural connection between the cybernetic and  Nietz sche’s amor fati is evident in their intersection within the principle of interface as the site of steering or helmsmanship (kubernēsis). Nietz sche names this love under the double sign of Januarius — at once the two-faced god of beginnings/doorways/gates and the saint whose annually liquefying blood signals the miracle  of  spiritual  renewal  —  and  installs  it  as  a  navigational  protocol in the form of a new year’s resolution: “Let that be my love from now on!” Amor  fati, I will affirm, is the protocol for navigating interface itself, a pure cybernetic law that steers steer-ing per  se  around  the  radically  immanent  negative  interfacial  pole of looking away: “Let looking away be my only negation!” Love of fate, the positive formulation of not worrying, is a pros-thetic intrinsically necessary for manipulating the inoperability of  interface,  its  being  “a  medium  that  does  not  mediate.”4  Far  from  representing  an  immaterial  or  merely  subjective  affect,  amor  fati  enjoys  a  terrifying  invisible  positive  traction  and  in-escapable occult influence upon all interfaces.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <PersonName>Masciandaro, Nicola</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Outing the "It" that Thinks</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">On the Collapse of an Intellectual Ecosystem</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>R.Scott Bakker</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Who  kills  Hector  in  The  Illiad?  The  easy  answer  is:  Achilles.  After all, he was the one who drove his spear through Hector’s neck, who gloried over his dying form, then proceeded to des-ecrate his corpse. But if you read Homer carefully, you see that the death of Hector is in fact a corporate enterprise. We are told shortly after the duel that death and fate seized him and dragged him down. And, even more curiously, we learn that Hector was “struck down at Achilles’ hands by blazing-eyed Athena.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Who  kills  Hector  in  The  Illiad?  The  easy  answer  is:  Achilles.  After all, he was the one who drove his spear through Hector’s neck, who gloried over his dying form, then proceeded to des-ecrate his corpse. But if you read Homer carefully, you see that the death of Hector is in fact a corporate enterprise. We are told shortly after the duel that death and fate seized him and dragged him down. And, even more curiously, we learn that Hector was “struck down at Achilles’ hands by blazing-eyed Athena.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">All for Naught</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Eugene Thacker</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Eugene</NamesBeforeKey>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In the 1830s, fleeing a cholera epidemic in Berlin, Schopenhauer writes the following in his notebook: When  I  was  seventeen,  without  any  proper  schooling,  I  was  affected  by  the  misery  and  wretchedness  of  life,  as  was  the  Buddha  when  in  his  youth  he  caught  sight  of  sickness,  old  age,  pain  and  death  [...]  the  result  for  me  was  that  this  world  could  not  be  the  work  of  an  all-bountiful,  infinitely  good being, but rather of a demon who had summoned into existence  creatures  in  order  to  gloat  over  the  sight  of  their  anguish and agony.1Now,  Schopenhauer  was  no  Buddha,  but  the  passage  reveals  something at the core of his thinking, and that is the dual ori-gin of pessimism. On the one hand, pessimism is conditional, it stems from observation and experience, but also from inclina-tion and predilection — maybe you’re stressed out, maybe you’re feeling under the weather, maybe something somewhere hurts. This conditional pessimism can be found in Pascal, Lichtenberg, the  French  moralists,  and  it  surfaces  in  Schopenhauer’s  many grumblings concerning humanity, caught as it is in the pedantic, existential metronome of boredom and striving.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In the 1830s, fleeing a cholera epidemic in Berlin, Schopenhauer writes the following in his notebook: When  I  was  seventeen,  without  any  proper  schooling,  I  was  affected  by  the  misery  and  wretchedness  of  life,  as  was  the  Buddha  when  in  his  youth  he  caught  sight  of  sickness,  old  age,  pain  and  death  [...]  the  result  for  me  was  that  this  world  could  not  be  the  work  of  an  all-bountiful,  infinitely  good being, but rather of a demon who had summoned into existence  creatures  in  order  to  gloat  over  the  sight  of  their  anguish and agony.1Now,  Schopenhauer  was  no  Buddha,  but  the  passage  reveals  something at the core of his thinking, and that is the dual ori-gin of pessimism. On the one hand, pessimism is conditional, it stems from observation and experience, but also from inclina-tion and predilection — maybe you’re stressed out, maybe you’re feeling under the weather, maybe something somewhere hurts. This conditional pessimism can be found in Pascal, Lichtenberg, the  French  moralists,  and  it  surfaces  in  Schopenhauer’s  many grumblings concerning humanity, caught as it is in the pedantic, existential metronome of boredom and striving.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <PersonName>Thacker, Eugene</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">A Horse Is Being Beaten</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">On Nietzsche’s “Equinimity”</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Dominic Pettman</PersonName>
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          <KeyNames>Pettman</KeyNames>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;These are the introductory titles at the beginning of Béla Tarr’s film, which picks up the narrative immediately after these events. The  film  is  a  meticulous,  monotonous,  mesmerizing  depiction  of the life of the driver of the cart — not actually a hansom cab, in fact — his daughter, and (to a lesser degree) the horse (fig. 1). We  can  only  speculate  what  it  was  that  triggered  this  event  (and  of  course  the  debate  continues  concerning  the  extent  to  which it really happened or is purely apocryphal). In any case, this story has become such a primal scene for Western philoso-phy  because  it  rests  on  a  fatal  or  poetic  irony:  Nietz  sche,  the  great Zarathustrian warrior of the right and mighty, is undone by  a  tsunami  of  pity  inspired  by  a  single  beast.  (Had  not  the  same man, in a book called Genealogy of Morals, warned against such  tender  sympathies  as  a  Trojan  Horse,  bearing  yet  more  moralistic  slaves  into  the  city?2)  How  to  read  this  anomolous  moment of empathy and compassion in the light of his un-Sa-maritan perspective on ethics?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;These are the introductory titles at the beginning of Béla Tarr’s film, which picks up the narrative immediately after these events. The  film  is  a  meticulous,  monotonous,  mesmerizing  depiction  of the life of the driver of the cart — not actually a hansom cab, in fact — his daughter, and (to a lesser degree) the horse (fig. 1). We  can  only  speculate  what  it  was  that  triggered  this  event  (and  of  course  the  debate  continues  concerning  the  extent  to  which it really happened or is purely apocryphal). In any case, this story has become such a primal scene for Western philoso-phy  because  it  rests  on  a  fatal  or  poetic  irony:  Nietz  sche,  the  great Zarathustrian warrior of the right and mighty, is undone by  a  tsunami  of  pity  inspired  by  a  single  beast.  (Had  not  the  same man, in a book called Genealogy of Morals, warned against such  tender  sympathies  as  a  Trojan  Horse,  bearing  yet  more  moralistic  slaves  into  the  city?2)  How  to  read  this  anomolous  moment of empathy and compassion in the light of his un-Sa-maritan perspective on ethics?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Pettman, Dominic</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">The Rope-Dancer’s Fall</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">“Going Under” as Undergoing Nietzscheo-Simondonian Transindividuation</Subtitle>
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          <ContributorRole>A01</ContributorRole>
          <PersonName>Sarah Choukah</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Sarah</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Choukah</KeyNames>
          <ProfessionalAffiliation>
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              <AffiliationIDType>40</AffiliationIDType>
              <IDValue>05fq50484</IDValue>
            </AffiliationIdentifier>
            <Affiliation>York University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;I initially marveled at Simondon’s exemplification of transindi-viduation through Zarathustra’s experience of the rope-dancer’s death  in  Also  Sprach  Zarathustra.  Transindividuation — a  being’s  passage  from  psychic  to  collective  existence  —  operates  through affects and emotions that express a lack, a void, a gap in the fabric of its interrelation with others. A prior state of things having seemingly little to do with the end result is necessary for collective modes of existence to emerge. The perspective is so-bering, especially in comparison with an overoptimistic but all too common view of the formation of networked collectivities. Such contemporary ideologies of the good tell us innate proper-ties of contemporary information networks improve knowledge production  and  sharing,  communication,  and,  by  implication,  human culture.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;I initially marveled at Simondon’s exemplification of transindi-viduation through Zarathustra’s experience of the rope-dancer’s death  in  Also  Sprach  Zarathustra.  Transindividuation — a  being’s  passage  from  psychic  to  collective  existence  —  operates  through affects and emotions that express a lack, a void, a gap in the fabric of its interrelation with others. A prior state of things having seemingly little to do with the end result is necessary for collective modes of existence to emerge. The perspective is so-bering, especially in comparison with an overoptimistic but all too common view of the formation of networked collectivities. Such contemporary ideologies of the good tell us innate proper-ties of contemporary information networks improve knowledge production  and  sharing,  communication,  and,  by  implication,  human culture.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <ContentAudience>00</ContentAudience>
          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Choukah, Sarah</PersonName>
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          <LastPageNumber>206</LastPageNumber>
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            <TitleText language="eng">The Will to Obsolescence</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Nietzsche, Code, and the Digital Present</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Jen Boyle</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Jen</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Boyle</KeyNames>
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              <AffiliationIDType>40</AffiliationIDType>
              <IDValue>01621q256</IDValue>
            </AffiliationIdentifier>
            <Affiliation>Coastal Carolina University</Affiliation>
          </ProfessionalAffiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This  small  love-poem  written  by  Nietz  sche  in  1882  celebrates  his acquisition of the Malling-Hansen Writing-Ball, a machine that would — for a time at least — offer prosthetic assistance for Nietz sche’s failing vision (fig. 1). In various letters, he expresses his  delight  with  a  device  for  writing  that  is  “guided  only  by  a  sense  of  touch”  and  which  no  longer  requires  “the  eyes  to  do  their work.”2 Fried rich Kittler juxtaposes Nietz sche’s sentiments on  the  definitively  tactile  power  of  the  Writing-Ball  with  fragments  from  Heidegger’s  essay  on  “The  Hand  and  Typewriter”  to write&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The first presidency of Donald J. Trump further unveiled the calamity of white America’s determination to maintain societal order during a period of landmark racial upheaval. From the restrictive voting measures led by Republicans and conservatives following the 2020 election, to the death of George P. Floyd Jr. and the subsequent Black Lives Matter protests in the summer of 2020, to the January 6, 2021 insurrection, each racial marker continues to show the endurance and even strengthening of white America’s racist traditions alongside its avowed and always unfulfilled commitments to equality for all.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The Fight for Black Liberation: Breaking the Political Strings in the Trump Era presents a political critique of the state of Black America in the Trump era, especially when so many Democratic presidents (including Clinton, Obama and Biden) have done so little for Black Americans even while relying on their votes. The book argues that amid continued structural, institutional, and systemic barriers, Black people in America must establish political independence and demand a Black political agenda to chart a path toward a Black Liberation movement. What has hindered the process of reaching a Black Liberation movement has been the assimilationist loyalty of Black Americans to the false constructs of partisanship and ideology, and this book encourages Black eligible voters, of whatever party or other affiliation, to abstain from the two-party system and become an independent voting bloc only willing to give the Black vote to a chosen party in a free partisan market that best represents Black interests. Otherwise, the Black electorate remain frozen in a two-party system that has been built to serve white interests only, even when claiming otherwise, and no amount of assimilation will make a difference.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The first presidency of Donald J. Trump further unveiled the calamity of white America’s determination to maintain societal order during a period of landmark racial upheaval. From the restrictive voting measures led by Republicans and conservatives following the 2020 election, to the death of George P. Floyd Jr. and the subsequent Black Lives Matter protests in the summer of 2020, to the January 6, 2021 insurrection, each racial marker continues to show the endurance and even strengthening of white America’s racist traditions alongside its avowed and always unfulfilled commitments to equality for all.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The Fight for Black Liberation: Breaking the Political Strings in the Trump Era presents a political critique of the state of Black America in the Trump era, especially when so many Democratic presidents (including Clinton, Obama and Biden) have done so little for Black Americans even while relying on their votes. The book argues that amid continued structural, institutional, and systemic barriers, Black people in America must establish political independence and demand a Black political agenda to chart a path toward a Black Liberation movement. What has hindered the process of reaching a Black Liberation movement has been the assimilationist loyalty of Black Americans to the false constructs of partisanship and ideology, and this book encourages Black eligible voters, of whatever party or other affiliation, to abstain from the two-party system and become an independent voting bloc only willing to give the Black vote to a chosen party in a free partisan market that best represents Black interests. Otherwise, the Black electorate remain frozen in a two-party system that has been built to serve white interests only, even when claiming otherwise, and no amount of assimilation will make a difference.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The blog The Funambulist: Architectural Narratives, a daily architectural platform written and edited by Léopold Lambert, finds its name in the consideration for architecture’s representative medium, the line, and its philosophical and political power when it materializes and subjectivizes bodies. If the white page represents a given milieu — a desert for example — and one comes to trace a line on it, (s)he will virtually split this same milieu into two distinct impermeable parts through its embodiment, the wall. The Funambulist, also known as a tightrope walker, is the character who, somehow, subverts this power by walking on the line.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The Funambulist Pamphlets is a series of small books archiving articles published on The Funambulist, collected according to specific themes. These volumes propose a different articulation of texts than the usual chronological one. The eleven volumes are respectively dedicated to Spinoza, Foucault, Deleuze, Legal Theory, Occupy Wall Street, Palestine, Cruel Designs, Arakawa + Madeline Gins, Science Fiction, Literature, and Cinema.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This book is a collection of thirty-five texts from the first series of guest writers’ essays, written specifically for The Funambulist weblog from June 2011 to November 2012. The idea of complementing Lambert’s own texts on his blog with those written by others originated from the idea that having friends communicate with each other about their work could help develop mutual interests and provide a platform to address an audience. Thirty-nine authors of twenty-three nationalities were given the opportunity to write essays about a part of their work that might fit with the blog’s editorial line. Overall, two ‘families’ of texts emerged, collected in two distinct parts in this volume.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The first part, The Power of the Line, explores the legal, geographical and historical politics of various places of the world. The second part, Architectural Narratives, approaches architecture in a mix of things that were once called philosophy, literature and art. This dichotomy represents the blog’s editorial line and can be reconciled by the obsession of approaching architecture without care for the limits of a given discipline. This method, rather than adopting the contemporary architect’s syndrome that consists in talking about everything but being an expert in nothing, attempts to consider architecture as something embedded within (geo)political, cultural, social, historical, biological, and dromological mechanisms that widely exceed what is traditionally understood as the limits of its expertise.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Since 2007, the blog The Funambulist tells stories about lines. The line is architecture’s representative medium; it creates diagrams of power that use architecture’s intrinsic violence on the bodies to organize them in space. If the white page represents a given milieu — a desert, for  example  —  when  an  architect  traces  a  line  on  it,  (s)he  virtually  splits this milieu into two distinct impermeable parts, and actualizes it through the line’s embodiment, the wall. The Funambulist, also known as a tight rope walker, is the character who, somehow, subverts this power by walking on the line. She is the frail figure moving along the lines between the two towers in 1974. She is the person doing the ‘V’ with her fingers while standing on the edge of the Wall in November, 1989. And, if she happens to fall, she will find a tall Nietzschean char-acter to say that she can die peacefully because she would die from the danger she dedicated her life to.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Since 2007, the blog The Funambulist tells stories about lines. The line is architecture’s representative medium; it creates diagrams of power that use architecture’s intrinsic violence on the bodies to organize them in space. If the white page represents a given milieu — a desert, for  example  —  when  an  architect  traces  a  line  on  it,  (s)he  virtually  splits this milieu into two distinct impermeable parts, and actualizes it through the line’s embodiment, the wall. The Funambulist, also known as a tight rope walker, is the character who, somehow, subverts this power by walking on the line. She is the frail figure moving along the lines between the two towers in 1974. She is the person doing the ‘V’ with her fingers while standing on the edge of the Wall in November, 1989. And, if she happens to fall, she will find a tall Nietzschean char-acter to say that she can die peacefully because she would die from the danger she dedicated her life to.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This  piece  is  more  reminiscent  of  a  stream  of  consciousness  than  a  discussion  on  entropy,  analogising  the  intriguing  applicability  of  thermodynamism in relation to understandings of law, lines, and ex-tant  resistances.  To  speak  of  exerted  energy,  that  which  is  wasted  in  the  machinations  of  a  seemingly  closed  system,  is  prescient  in  a time of disruption and apoplexia. Beyond the aesthetic nerve that enticed the writing of this piece on entropy, there are legal and politi-cal analogies and extant anxieties that lend an overwhelming famil-iarity to this encounter with thermodynamic processes. Entropy is a measurement,  a  method  of  quantifying  energy  that  is  available  for  unuseful work within a thermodynamic process.  Without involving the  reader  entirely  with  the  science  or  statistical  mechanics  of  en-tropy (and within the bounds of what this non-scientific author knows of the phenomenon), entropy is an accumulated inefficient resource that  gathers  as  a  machine  or  engine  has  reached  its  ‘theoretical  maximum efficiency,’ the energy thus having to be exorcised, or ‘dis-sipated’ in the form of waste heat.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This  piece  is  more  reminiscent  of  a  stream  of  consciousness  than  a  discussion  on  entropy,  analogising  the  intriguing  applicability  of  thermodynamism in relation to understandings of law, lines, and ex-tant  resistances.  To  speak  of  exerted  energy,  that  which  is  wasted  in  the  machinations  of  a  seemingly  closed  system,  is  prescient  in  a time of disruption and apoplexia. Beyond the aesthetic nerve that enticed the writing of this piece on entropy, there are legal and politi-cal analogies and extant anxieties that lend an overwhelming famil-iarity to this encounter with thermodynamic processes. Entropy is a measurement,  a  method  of  quantifying  energy  that  is  available  for  unuseful work within a thermodynamic process.  Without involving the  reader  entirely  with  the  science  or  statistical  mechanics  of  en-tropy (and within the bounds of what this non-scientific author knows of the phenomenon), entropy is an accumulated inefficient resource that  gathers  as  a  machine  or  engine  has  reached  its  ‘theoretical  maximum efficiency,’ the energy thus having to be exorcised, or ‘dis-sipated’ in the form of waste heat.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Harvesting energy from the centre of the Earth, squeezing drinking water from maritime fogs, grabbing atmospheric pollution or discov-ering  treasures  from  sunken  ships  could  soon  become  sources  of  wealth for today’s nation-states. But to whom do all these resources lawfully belong to? The physical boundaries of a country extend far beyond  a  two-dimensional  geographical  border.  Surrounding  the  ground  surface,  three  areas  of  sovereignty  -  waters,  airspace  and  underground  –  together  with  their  three  dynamic  limits  articulate  these clear-blurry lines. Where does the sovereignty of a nation-state actually end? How is that line drawn? Their demarcation is tightly linked to circulation of capital and economic resources. Regulations struggle to define clear lines that reality blurs. We are uncertain how to locate them accurtely. How to demarcate spatial rights on the sea, the clouds and the magma? The logic of modern sovereignty over natural  resources  of  a  territory  is  being  inverted.  The  notion  of  col-lective  natural  resources  supersedes  and  reshapes  current  system  of sovereignty. We experience more and more a shift from the flat nation-state towards four-dimensional complexities. How does criti-cal spatial practice operate within this frame?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Harvesting energy from the centre of the Earth, squeezing drinking water from maritime fogs, grabbing atmospheric pollution or discov-ering  treasures  from  sunken  ships  could  soon  become  sources  of  wealth for today’s nation-states. But to whom do all these resources lawfully belong to? The physical boundaries of a country extend far beyond  a  two-dimensional  geographical  border.  Surrounding  the  ground  surface,  three  areas  of  sovereignty  -  waters,  airspace  and  underground  –  together  with  their  three  dynamic  limits  articulate  these clear-blurry lines. Where does the sovereignty of a nation-state actually end? How is that line drawn? Their demarcation is tightly linked to circulation of capital and economic resources. Regulations struggle to define clear lines that reality blurs. We are uncertain how to locate them accurtely. How to demarcate spatial rights on the sea, the clouds and the magma? The logic of modern sovereignty over natural  resources  of  a  territory  is  being  inverted.  The  notion  of  col-lective  natural  resources  supersedes  and  reshapes  current  system  of sovereignty. We experience more and more a shift from the flat nation-state towards four-dimensional complexities. How does criti-cal spatial practice operate within this frame?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Geopolitical  space  has  always  been  a  conflicted  and  fragile  topic.  Borders  and  frontiers  are  changing  so  fast  that  sometimes  one’s  sociopolitical status can change from “citizen” to “immigrant” or re-main “immigrant” much of your life. We are getting used to words like refugee, enclave, war, borders, limits. This critical condition is not a minor problem. The International Migration Report 2006 states that in  2005,  there  were  nearly  191  million  international  migrants  world-wide, about three percent of the world population, a rise of 26 million since  1990.  This  is  one  of  the  biggest  political  problems  we  face. In  this  context,  we  can  see  how  the  political  implications  of  some  architects had led them to design what we may call “critical utopias.” The  concept  of  dystopia  is  a  critic  and  utopia  is  an  evocation  of  a  new world to come. This duality was the basis of some radical proj-ects  of  the  1960s  and  1970s,  such  as  Superstudio’s  Twelve  Ideal  Cities, their satirical vision of humanity’s search for an ideal world, or Archizoom’s No-Stop City.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Geopolitical  space  has  always  been  a  conflicted  and  fragile  topic.  Borders  and  frontiers  are  changing  so  fast  that  sometimes  one’s  sociopolitical status can change from “citizen” to “immigrant” or re-main “immigrant” much of your life. We are getting used to words like refugee, enclave, war, borders, limits. This critical condition is not a minor problem. The International Migration Report 2006 states that in  2005,  there  were  nearly  191  million  international  migrants  world-wide, about three percent of the world population, a rise of 26 million since  1990.  This  is  one  of  the  biggest  political  problems  we  face. In  this  context,  we  can  see  how  the  political  implications  of  some  architects had led them to design what we may call “critical utopias.” The  concept  of  dystopia  is  a  critic  and  utopia  is  an  evocation  of  a  new world to come. This duality was the basis of some radical proj-ects  of  the  1960s  and  1970s,  such  as  Superstudio’s  Twelve  Ideal  Cities, their satirical vision of humanity’s search for an ideal world, or Archizoom’s No-Stop City.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">The Mosque</TitleText>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The act of prostration is a ‘part’ of the Islamic formal prayer service which is known as Salaat. It is curious that the Islamic house of wor-ship is not generally known as Bait us Salaat or Bait ul Ibaadah (re-spectively, house of formal prayer or house of worship) and that the more utilitarian term masjid, derived from the Muslim holy book, the Quran, became current. This would seem to suggest a more ‘humble’ architectural characterisation of this building type than that to which we  have  become  accustomed,  a  suggestion  that  history  seems  to  bear out.  The  first  masjid built under the supervision of the prophet Muham-mad at Medina shortly after his flight from Mecca, was a rudimentary enclosure of earth and rock walls, built around a small grove of date palm trees and roofed by their canopies. When it rained heavily, this tree  canopy  roof  leaked  profusely,  literally  turning  the  earth  floor  of  the mosque into a ‘mud bath.’&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The act of prostration is a ‘part’ of the Islamic formal prayer service which is known as Salaat. It is curious that the Islamic house of wor-ship is not generally known as Bait us Salaat or Bait ul Ibaadah (re-spectively, house of formal prayer or house of worship) and that the more utilitarian term masjid, derived from the Muslim holy book, the Quran, became current. This would seem to suggest a more ‘humble’ architectural characterisation of this building type than that to which we  have  become  accustomed,  a  suggestion  that  history  seems  to  bear out.  The  first  masjid built under the supervision of the prophet Muham-mad at Medina shortly after his flight from Mecca, was a rudimentary enclosure of earth and rock walls, built around a small grove of date palm trees and roofed by their canopies. When it rained heavily, this tree  canopy  roof  leaked  profusely,  literally  turning  the  earth  floor  of  the mosque into a ‘mud bath.’&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Nothing to Hide</TitleText>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Some years ago an eye-catching tv commercial for Elave, a skincare products company, provoked a rather discernible YouTube backlash. The ad showed completely naked laboratory staff technicians wan-dering, talking and studying in an ethereal-white open work environ-ment, apparently unaware of their nakedness. The literal message was that Elave had no worrying chemicals in its formulations and there-fore “Nothing to hide,” as asserted through the campaign’s tagline.1Curiously enough, in order to promote the safety of the work done in the house, the campaign choose a rather NSFW attitude. Yet it would be misleading, if not puritanical to target the stunt as the usual “sex sells” example: not only is it hard to detect any sex appeal in the per-fectly shaved humankind appearing in the spot, but digging  deeper could reveal the subliminal and perverse way public institutions and private corporations are hiding work exploitation and new means for profit under pseudo ethical calls for transparency and openness.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Some years ago an eye-catching tv commercial for Elave, a skincare products company, provoked a rather discernible YouTube backlash. The ad showed completely naked laboratory staff technicians wan-dering, talking and studying in an ethereal-white open work environ-ment, apparently unaware of their nakedness. The literal message was that Elave had no worrying chemicals in its formulations and there-fore “Nothing to hide,” as asserted through the campaign’s tagline.1Curiously enough, in order to promote the safety of the work done in the house, the campaign choose a rather NSFW attitude. Yet it would be misleading, if not puritanical to target the stunt as the usual “sex sells” example: not only is it hard to detect any sex appeal in the per-fectly shaved humankind appearing in the spot, but digging  deeper could reveal the subliminal and perverse way public institutions and private corporations are hiding work exploitation and new means for profit under pseudo ethical calls for transparency and openness.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Briefly on Walking</TitleText>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;As a genderqueer woman and a practicing architect, the realities of how architecture manifests and reinforces dominant social and po-litical power structures [on my body] is inescapable. And while it is fairly  easy  to  find  communities  of  people  who  would  like  to  speak  about  the  relationships  between  capitalism/colonialism/imperialism  and architecture, the dialog becomes sparse when the subjects of gender, class, and race are introduced.  Issues conveniently consid-ered ‘special interests’ despite the fact that they affect a majority of the population... though because of the social/educational ‘cost’ of  becoming an architect, not much of the population actively designing buildings. And so it is inevitable that these ‘interests’  will be regarded as  secondary  and  possibly  selfish,  when  compared  to  the  ‘larger’  demons like unregulated ‘capitalist development.’&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;As a genderqueer woman and a practicing architect, the realities of how architecture manifests and reinforces dominant social and po-litical power structures [on my body] is inescapable. And while it is fairly  easy  to  find  communities  of  people  who  would  like  to  speak  about  the  relationships  between  capitalism/colonialism/imperialism  and architecture, the dialog becomes sparse when the subjects of gender, class, and race are introduced.  Issues conveniently consid-ered ‘special interests’ despite the fact that they affect a majority of the population... though because of the social/educational ‘cost’ of  becoming an architect, not much of the population actively designing buildings. And so it is inevitable that these ‘interests’  will be regarded as  secondary  and  possibly  selfish,  when  compared  to  the  ‘larger’  demons like unregulated ‘capitalist development.’&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Femicide Machine/ Backyard</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Greg Barton</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;So reads the sobering introductory paragraph of Sergio González Ro-dríguez’s provocative The Femicide Machine, a recent installment in Semiotext(e)’s Intervention series. The compact primer distills the his-torical trajectory of entanglement among Mexico, the United States, global economy, and organized crime, delineating the femicide ma-chine’s genesis and current stranglehold. The author’s journalistic credentials  prove  invaluable  as  the  text  slips  in  and  out  of  straight  reportage. In 2009 there were 164 female homicides in Ciudad Juárez -- 306 the following year -- many by strangulation, stabbing, and gun-shots, often involving sexual violence. More than 30,000 have died since  the  beginning  of  the  war  on  drug  trafficking  in  2006,  almost  a quarter of those deaths occurring in Ciudad Juárez. Often repeti-tive,  urgent,  and  devastating,  The  Femicide  Machine  tells  a  story  of  extreme  capitalism  reshaping  territory  and  a  processual  state-form  fostering utterly inhumane machines&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;So reads the sobering introductory paragraph of Sergio González Ro-dríguez’s provocative The Femicide Machine, a recent installment in Semiotext(e)’s Intervention series. The compact primer distills the his-torical trajectory of entanglement among Mexico, the United States, global economy, and organized crime, delineating the femicide ma-chine’s genesis and current stranglehold. The author’s journalistic credentials  prove  invaluable  as  the  text  slips  in  and  out  of  straight  reportage. In 2009 there were 164 female homicides in Ciudad Juárez -- 306 the following year -- many by strangulation, stabbing, and gun-shots, often involving sexual violence. More than 30,000 have died since  the  beginning  of  the  war  on  drug  trafficking  in  2006,  almost  a quarter of those deaths occurring in Ciudad Juárez. Often repeti-tive,  urgent,  and  devastating,  The  Femicide  Machine  tells  a  story  of  extreme  capitalism  reshaping  territory  and  a  processual  state-form  fostering utterly inhumane machines&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Becoming Fugitive</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Carceral Space and Rancierian Politics</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Maryam Monalisa Gharavi</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>Northeastern University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The police regime is endowed with the power of ordering space. This text stands at the crossroads of space, policing, and visual percep-tion, as I articulate a Rancierean aesthetic dimension of the political and political dimension of the aesthetic. Jacques Rancière is a useful and  rich  source  for  this  tripartite  investigation  because  in  his  writ-ings, aesthetics is not only about art, and politics is not only about the state. Politics, as laid out in Disagreement, is that which always takes a stage and takes a theatrical formation, putting ‘two worlds in one world.’ This staging often overturns sense-making at the level of language alone, relying also on microlevels of sensation and sense-making  (we  inherited  the  word  ‘aesthetic’  from  the  Greek  aistheta‘perceptible  things’).  In  Dissensus, Rancière mentions to art works that focus on matters of space, territories, borders, wastelands, and other transient spaces, matters ‘that are crucial to today’s issues of power and community.’ To provide a framework to the concern with visibility and emancipatory politics, my bifocal reading takes into ac-count (1) the work of the police, seen in near vision, and (2) the work of politics, seen in distant vision&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The police regime is endowed with the power of ordering space. This text stands at the crossroads of space, policing, and visual percep-tion, as I articulate a Rancierean aesthetic dimension of the political and political dimension of the aesthetic. Jacques Rancière is a useful and  rich  source  for  this  tripartite  investigation  because  in  his  writ-ings, aesthetics is not only about art, and politics is not only about the state. Politics, as laid out in Disagreement, is that which always takes a stage and takes a theatrical formation, putting ‘two worlds in one world.’ This staging often overturns sense-making at the level of language alone, relying also on microlevels of sensation and sense-making  (we  inherited  the  word  ‘aesthetic’  from  the  Greek  aistheta‘perceptible  things’).  In  Dissensus, Rancière mentions to art works that focus on matters of space, territories, borders, wastelands, and other transient spaces, matters ‘that are crucial to today’s issues of power and community.’ To provide a framework to the concern with visibility and emancipatory politics, my bifocal reading takes into ac-count (1) the work of the police, seen in near vision, and (2) the work of politics, seen in distant vision&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">My Dear Francis...What Kind of Phoenix Will Arise From These Ashes?</TitleText>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The recent developments in Tahrir Square in Egypt and the Indigna-dos in Spain followed by the London riots and the Syntagma Square uprising in Athens have forced me to revisit this quote. Albeit it is not mud anymore, in this fully “developed” corner of the world, but yel-lowish tear gas dust, just as the holes in the clothes have converted to  rips  from  excessive  police  violence.  Someone  might  ask,  why  is  it any different now? Protests and demonstrations have been occur-ring  non-stop,  well  after  the  “end  of  history”  had  been  declared  in  the beginning of the 90’s. Many of them are even more violent and oppressive than the ones I listed.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The recent developments in Tahrir Square in Egypt and the Indigna-dos in Spain followed by the London riots and the Syntagma Square uprising in Athens have forced me to revisit this quote. Albeit it is not mud anymore, in this fully “developed” corner of the world, but yel-lowish tear gas dust, just as the holes in the clothes have converted to  rips  from  excessive  police  violence.  Someone  might  ask,  why  is  it any different now? Protests and demonstrations have been occur-ring  non-stop,  well  after  the  “end  of  history”  had  been  declared  in  the beginning of the 90’s. Many of them are even more violent and oppressive than the ones I listed.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Movement and Solidarity</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Zayd Sifri</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Momentous changes in the organization of society only occur infre-quently.  From  memorable  instances  of  thorough  upheaval,  social  movements  reap  the  fruit  of  the  past  and  cultivate  their  own  tradi-tions. In the recent past the comparison between Israel-Palestine and Apartheid  South  Africa  has  become  a  convenient  gambit  for  many  solidarity  activists  in  the  United  States  and  elsewhere.  There  are  countless reasons for the popularity of this specific example and of course it is not the only material activists rely upon. The South Afri-can struggle, however, has been underscored as a successful model for international solidarity with the ongoing anti-colonial battle in the Eastern Mediterranean. For evidence of this, we can look at how the term apartheid  has  almost  seamlessly  permeated  the  progressive  vocabulary for describing Israeli regime’s treatment of Palestinians in the West Bank and Gaza. Looking at Israel-Palestine solidarity through a South African prism offers insight into the actors, values, and politics involved in building a movement on an international play-ing field. Fundamental to an effective conceptualization of a global solidarity  model  is  the  inevitably  complex  relationship  between  lo-cal, Palestinian and Arab actors, and activists based primarily in the United States&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Momentous changes in the organization of society only occur infre-quently.  From  memorable  instances  of  thorough  upheaval,  social  movements  reap  the  fruit  of  the  past  and  cultivate  their  own  tradi-tions. In the recent past the comparison between Israel-Palestine and Apartheid  South  Africa  has  become  a  convenient  gambit  for  many  solidarity  activists  in  the  United  States  and  elsewhere.  There  are  countless reasons for the popularity of this specific example and of course it is not the only material activists rely upon. The South Afri-can struggle, however, has been underscored as a successful model for international solidarity with the ongoing anti-colonial battle in the Eastern Mediterranean. For evidence of this, we can look at how the term apartheid  has  almost  seamlessly  permeated  the  progressive  vocabulary for describing Israeli regime’s treatment of Palestinians in the West Bank and Gaza. Looking at Israel-Palestine solidarity through a South African prism offers insight into the actors, values, and politics involved in building a movement on an international play-ing field. Fundamental to an effective conceptualization of a global solidarity  model  is  the  inevitably  complex  relationship  between  lo-cal, Palestinian and Arab actors, and activists based primarily in the United States&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Open Stacks</TitleText>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The banned book was carefully wrapped in Canson gray paper, which had a subtle relief of horizontal lines. Because it was surrounded by a few decoy books published in the DDR, and tucked away in a small shelf in my parents’ room, itself tucked away in the mezzanine level of a minuscule apartment in Havana, it was easy to miss it entirely, unless you were a twelve-year-old with literary ambitions. I knew there was something special about this particular book because it was not downstairs  with  the  others,  because  it  looked  and  smelled  foreign,  and because my mother had told me I was not allowed to read it. All I knew about it was its mysterious title: 1984. I liked to imagine that in its forbidden pages one could find ancient prophecies for our city for that year, which had just passed not that long ago, or maybe for the entire island, perhaps the universe. One morning, when I had finally mustered the courage to steal it from its spot, I was disappointed to discover  that  it  had  disappeared.  From  that  moment  on,  whenever  we  would  visit  anyone’s  house,  I  made  a  habit  of  inspecting  their  personal  libraries  looking  for  these  mysterious  annuals  —  secretly  hoping for 2000, and a glimpse into the distant future — but I never found any such books.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The banned book was carefully wrapped in Canson gray paper, which had a subtle relief of horizontal lines. Because it was surrounded by a few decoy books published in the DDR, and tucked away in a small shelf in my parents’ room, itself tucked away in the mezzanine level of a minuscule apartment in Havana, it was easy to miss it entirely, unless you were a twelve-year-old with literary ambitions. I knew there was something special about this particular book because it was not downstairs  with  the  others,  because  it  looked  and  smelled  foreign,  and because my mother had told me I was not allowed to read it. All I knew about it was its mysterious title: 1984. I liked to imagine that in its forbidden pages one could find ancient prophecies for our city for that year, which had just passed not that long ago, or maybe for the entire island, perhaps the universe. One morning, when I had finally mustered the courage to steal it from its spot, I was disappointed to discover  that  it  had  disappeared.  From  that  moment  on,  whenever  we  would  visit  anyone’s  house,  I  made  a  habit  of  inspecting  their  personal  libraries  looking  for  these  mysterious  annuals  —  secretly  hoping for 2000, and a glimpse into the distant future — but I never found any such books.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">A Visit to the Old City of Hebron</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Raja Shehadeh</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In the 1980s when I was still involved in defending land expropriation cases before Israeli courts, I used to make weekly trips to Hebron. I would leave Ramallah at eight in the morning and be in Hebron by nine.  Now  it  is  a  different  story.  Only  Israelis  can  get  from  Jerusa-lem to Hebron in fifteen minutes driving through two tunnels dug in the hill underneath the Palestinian city of Beit Jalla. Palestinians are barred from these. They have to circle around expanded Jerusalem going  through Wadi Al Nar (the wadi of Fire) where they have to wait for hours at one of the notorious army barriers, called the Container Checkpoint.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In the 1980s when I was still involved in defending land expropriation cases before Israeli courts, I used to make weekly trips to Hebron. I would leave Ramallah at eight in the morning and be in Hebron by nine.  Now  it  is  a  different  story.  Only  Israelis  can  get  from  Jerusa-lem to Hebron in fifteen minutes driving through two tunnels dug in the hill underneath the Palestinian city of Beit Jalla. Palestinians are barred from these. They have to circle around expanded Jerusalem going  through Wadi Al Nar (the wadi of Fire) where they have to wait for hours at one of the notorious army barriers, called the Container Checkpoint.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Lahore's Architecture Of In/ Security</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Sadia Shirazi</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>Cornell University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Lahore today looks like a city at war. One of the greatest unacknowl-edged casualties of the United States’ “war on terror” has been the cities — and citizenry — of Pakistan. The US invaded Afghanistan in  2001  to  oust  the  Taliban  from  power  in  response  to  the  terrorist  attacks on the World Trade Center.1    In  1985,  sixteen  years  prior,  President Ronald Reagan equated the Taliban mujahideen who had defeated  the  Soviet’s  in  Afghanistan  with  “the  moral  equivalent  of  America’s founding fathers.”2 This presidential stance has obviously changed  since.  In  2008  the  US  committed  another  surge  of  troops  to  Afghanistan  due  to  the  continued  presence  of  the  Taliban  in  the  region. Pakistani military operations were waged in parallel in the Northwest regions of the country bordering Afghanistan. Since then, Pakistan has seen a particularly stark backlash within its borders as a response to its continued collaboration with its close ally.3  Militants within Pakistan have retaliated by targeting police and security sites in cities throughout the country. Lahore is just one unsung casualty of 67the war that links Lahore and New York City across disparate geog-raphies, through the legacy of US policy and Pakistani collaboration during the Cold War.4 As Eqbal Ahmed presciently said: “These are the chickens of the Afghanistan war coming home to roost.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Lahore today looks like a city at war. One of the greatest unacknowl-edged casualties of the United States’ “war on terror” has been the cities — and citizenry — of Pakistan. The US invaded Afghanistan in  2001  to  oust  the  Taliban  from  power  in  response  to  the  terrorist  attacks on the World Trade Center.1    In  1985,  sixteen  years  prior,  President Ronald Reagan equated the Taliban mujahideen who had defeated  the  Soviet’s  in  Afghanistan  with  “the  moral  equivalent  of  America’s founding fathers.”2 This presidential stance has obviously changed  since.  In  2008  the  US  committed  another  surge  of  troops  to  Afghanistan  due  to  the  continued  presence  of  the  Taliban  in  the  region. Pakistani military operations were waged in parallel in the Northwest regions of the country bordering Afghanistan. Since then, Pakistan has seen a particularly stark backlash within its borders as a response to its continued collaboration with its close ally.3  Militants within Pakistan have retaliated by targeting police and security sites in cities throughout the country. Lahore is just one unsung casualty of 67the war that links Lahore and New York City across disparate geog-raphies, through the legacy of US policy and Pakistani collaboration during the Cold War.4 As Eqbal Ahmed presciently said: “These are the chickens of the Afghanistan war coming home to roost.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Ruin Machine</TitleText>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The contemporary ruin today — in all its incarnations (from the aban-doned auto factories in Michigan to the World Trade Centers’ foot-print in NYC, Saddam Hussein’s elegant compounds in Baghdad that have since been converted into temporary barracks for the U.S. military — or from the vacant half-constructed towers in Dubai to the one billion squatters around the world who live in a different kind of recycled ruin, just to name a few) — hints at a spectrum of different spatial configurations of power that offer a kind of forensic evidence of not only neoliberalization’s false claim of flattening the playing field of  economic  opportunity  around  the  world,  but  of  the  ongoing  fail-ures  in  our  social  and  political  institutions  themselves  ,which  have  taken  to  a  strategy  of  secrecy  and  deception  in  order  to  wage  not  just a War on Crime, Poverty, Drugs, Illegal Immigration, or Terror-ism, but what I see as a War on Space itself — ruin on a brand new, unprecedented scale&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The contemporary ruin today — in all its incarnations (from the aban-doned auto factories in Michigan to the World Trade Centers’ foot-print in NYC, Saddam Hussein’s elegant compounds in Baghdad that have since been converted into temporary barracks for the U.S. military — or from the vacant half-constructed towers in Dubai to the one billion squatters around the world who live in a different kind of recycled ruin, just to name a few) — hints at a spectrum of different spatial configurations of power that offer a kind of forensic evidence of not only neoliberalization’s false claim of flattening the playing field of  economic  opportunity  around  the  world,  but  of  the  ongoing  fail-ures  in  our  social  and  political  institutions  themselves  ,which  have  taken  to  a  strategy  of  secrecy  and  deception  in  order  to  wage  not  just a War on Crime, Poverty, Drugs, Illegal Immigration, or Terror-ism, but what I see as a War on Space itself — ruin on a brand new, unprecedented scale&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">The Textual-Sonic Landscape of Jacques Perret's Des Fortifications Et Ertifices</TitleText>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;It’s exciting to contribute to the dialogue here because, despite our divergent  historical  interests,  I  feel  a  strong  intellectual  kinship  with  the editor of this blog. Rendered in striking graphic form and rife with modernist literary references, the editor’s recent design research on architecture in the West Bank explores the full range of oppressive and emancipatory potentials in an aesthetics of militarization. We must of course heed the warning (pace Baudrillard) that an aestheti-cization of war runs the risk of dulling the senses to the reality of vio-lence. Yet it’s equally disempowering, especially for the disempow-ered, to reduce this violence to the mechanics of technical reason. War from the beginning is aesthetic: for the complicit it’s mediated by political propaganda; for the traumatized victim, it’s fought on a psychological, as well as a physical, battlefield. If our poetic relation to war forms our escapist habits, I believe it also bears the potential to catalyze emancipatory action.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;It’s exciting to contribute to the dialogue here because, despite our divergent  historical  interests,  I  feel  a  strong  intellectual  kinship  with  the editor of this blog. Rendered in striking graphic form and rife with modernist literary references, the editor’s recent design research on architecture in the West Bank explores the full range of oppressive and emancipatory potentials in an aesthetics of militarization. We must of course heed the warning (pace Baudrillard) that an aestheti-cization of war runs the risk of dulling the senses to the reality of vio-lence. Yet it’s equally disempowering, especially for the disempow-ered, to reduce this violence to the mechanics of technical reason. War from the beginning is aesthetic: for the complicit it’s mediated by political propaganda; for the traumatized victim, it’s fought on a psychological, as well as a physical, battlefield. If our poetic relation to war forms our escapist habits, I believe it also bears the potential to catalyze emancipatory action.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Mapping Intervals</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Towards an Emancipated Cartography</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Nora Akawi</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>Columbia University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The map as a tool for domination is the visual inscription of a seam-less story for a specific group of people sharing specific character-istics.  It  represents  their  history,  knowledge  and  claims  for  control  within a territory with specific borders.So what is a map as a tool for liberation?That  would  be  a  visual  representation  of  and  by  a  multiplicity  of  publics. It would represent their history, experience, knowledge and imaginaries of and within a shared space. Multiplicity entails rup-tures. Within those ruptures lies the possibility for democratic spatial representation and organization. This tool is not to be confused with tools for negotiations. This is a public platform for the collective for-mation,  aggregation  and  dissemination  of  public  opinions.  Nor  is  this a practice of counter-mapping, as it doesn’t consist of building upon an initial map for developing its counter-product.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The map as a tool for domination is the visual inscription of a seam-less story for a specific group of people sharing specific character-istics.  It  represents  their  history,  knowledge  and  claims  for  control  within a territory with specific borders.So what is a map as a tool for liberation?That  would  be  a  visual  representation  of  and  by  a  multiplicity  of  publics. It would represent their history, experience, knowledge and imaginaries of and within a shared space. Multiplicity entails rup-tures. Within those ruptures lies the possibility for democratic spatial representation and organization. This tool is not to be confused with tools for negotiations. This is a public platform for the collective for-mation,  aggregation  and  dissemination  of  public  opinions.  Nor  is  this a practice of counter-mapping, as it doesn’t consist of building upon an initial map for developing its counter-product.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">The Funambulist Atmosphere</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Andreas Philippopoulos-Mihalopoulos</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>University of Westminster</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Funambulist  bodies  move  about,  careful  not  to  fall  into  each  other,  mindful of the drop below, pulsating along the tension of the ropes beneath.  Bodies  construct  atmosphere  on  the  arch  of  their  move-ment. Atmosphere constructs bodies between its folds. On one hand are atmospheres of tension or rest, engineered or emergent, prom-ised or promising. On the other hand are bodies of flesh as well as discourse, materialities that keep on fluctuating between the abstract and the concrete, bodies of human tissue, of technology, of animal-ity, vegetable bodies whose roots extend to my feet. Where am I? The installations of Tomas Saraceno can help as a visual aid for what I mean by atmosphere. Constellations of tension, bubbles that burst with  an  excess  of  lines,  water,  vegetation,  animality,  humanity,  and  air  space  are  defined  by  the  ethereal  claustrophobia  of  openness,  trammeled by lines on which the funambulists of the world circulate. How to get away from the lines, if not on other lines? And then, small deaths along the way: like the realization that the line is one, and however far you walk, you cannot escape it.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Funambulist  bodies  move  about,  careful  not  to  fall  into  each  other,  mindful of the drop below, pulsating along the tension of the ropes beneath.  Bodies  construct  atmosphere  on  the  arch  of  their  move-ment. Atmosphere constructs bodies between its folds. On one hand are atmospheres of tension or rest, engineered or emergent, prom-ised or promising. On the other hand are bodies of flesh as well as discourse, materialities that keep on fluctuating between the abstract and the concrete, bodies of human tissue, of technology, of animal-ity, vegetable bodies whose roots extend to my feet. Where am I? The installations of Tomas Saraceno can help as a visual aid for what I mean by atmosphere. Constellations of tension, bubbles that burst with  an  excess  of  lines,  water,  vegetation,  animality,  humanity,  and  air  space  are  defined  by  the  ethereal  claustrophobia  of  openness,  trammeled by lines on which the funambulists of the world circulate. How to get away from the lines, if not on other lines? And then, small deaths along the way: like the realization that the line is one, and however far you walk, you cannot escape it.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Philippopoulos-Mihalopoulos, Andreas</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Apian Semantics</TitleText>
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          <ContributorRole>A01</ContributorRole>
          <PersonName>Matthew Clements</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Late in the second part of Samuel Beckett’s novel, Jacques Moran’s thoughts turn to his bees. Having given up his pursuit of Molloy and on the verge of returning home, Moran confesses:I often thought of my bees [...] And I thought above all of their dance,  for  my  bees  danced  oh  not  as  men  dance,  to  amuse  themselves, but in a different way. I alone of all mankind knew this,  to  the  best  of  my  belief.  I  had  investigated  this  phenom-enon very fully. The dance was best to be observed among the bees returning to the hive, laden more or less with nectar, and it involved a great variety of figures and rhythms. These evolu-tions  I  finally  interpreted  as  a  system  of  signals  by  means  of  which incoming bees, satisfied or dissatisfied with their plunder, informed the outgoing bees in what direction to go, and in what not to go. But the outgoing bees danced too. It was no doubt their way of saying I understand, or, Don’t worry about me. But away from the hive, and busily at work, the bees did not dance. Here their watchword seemed to be, Every man for himself, as-suming bees to be capable of such notions&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Late in the second part of Samuel Beckett’s novel, Jacques Moran’s thoughts turn to his bees. Having given up his pursuit of Molloy and on the verge of returning home, Moran confesses:I often thought of my bees [...] And I thought above all of their dance,  for  my  bees  danced  oh  not  as  men  dance,  to  amuse  themselves, but in a different way. I alone of all mankind knew this,  to  the  best  of  my  belief.  I  had  investigated  this  phenom-enon very fully. The dance was best to be observed among the bees returning to the hive, laden more or less with nectar, and it involved a great variety of figures and rhythms. These evolu-tions  I  finally  interpreted  as  a  system  of  signals  by  means  of  which incoming bees, satisfied or dissatisfied with their plunder, informed the outgoing bees in what direction to go, and in what not to go. But the outgoing bees danced too. It was no doubt their way of saying I understand, or, Don’t worry about me. But away from the hive, and busily at work, the bees did not dance. Here their watchword seemed to be, Every man for himself, as-suming bees to be capable of such notions&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Clements, Matthew</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Dissolving Minds and Bodies</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Hiroko Nakatani</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In  this  short  essay,  I  willconnect  scientists  from  five  fields  through  Spinoza’s concept of mind and body in order to reveal the impor-tance of the body, especially in relation to spatial design. Spinoza’s philosophy states that body and mind exist in parallel with each oth-er. Spinoza says that without perception through the body there is no mind, and that this limited mind contained in a body, with skin as its  boundary,  is  part  of  the  infinite  intellect.  In  turn,  the  infinite  intel-lect allows individuals to explore thinking what one experiences with one’s body. Biochemist, Rudolph Schoenheimer (1889-1942) focused on the es-sential role of the body in providing input for the mind, what he called “dynamic state of body constituents.” His experiment consisted in feeding amino acid-marked food to adult mice. After three days, he found  that  the  mice’s  excretions  were  almost  entirely  non-marked  materials. The marked materials were found inside the body. What it  says  is  that,  very  quickly,  food  became  part  of  mice’s  body  and  also that some part of the body became waste. 98% of our body’s matter changes in one year. Materially, we are the same as the food we had today, as dynamic as water that travels from the body to the river, to an other animal’s body and so on. Our body is continuously changing, dissolving and taking part in the material world. Although there are different scales of time in its process, the principle of con-tinuous flow is the same in the entire living/non-living world, whether at a peak in the desert or in the chair where you are sitting right now. To see it from Spinoza’s view, perception through body is an exten-sion of mind. What if we take into account that the mind now keeps changing its components, as an infinite cycle of material recompos-es into the infinite intellect?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In  this  short  essay,  I  willconnect  scientists  from  five  fields  through  Spinoza’s concept of mind and body in order to reveal the impor-tance of the body, especially in relation to spatial design. Spinoza’s philosophy states that body and mind exist in parallel with each oth-er. Spinoza says that without perception through the body there is no mind, and that this limited mind contained in a body, with skin as its  boundary,  is  part  of  the  infinite  intellect.  In  turn,  the  infinite  intel-lect allows individuals to explore thinking what one experiences with one’s body. Biochemist, Rudolph Schoenheimer (1889-1942) focused on the es-sential role of the body in providing input for the mind, what he called “dynamic state of body constituents.” His experiment consisted in feeding amino acid-marked food to adult mice. After three days, he found  that  the  mice’s  excretions  were  almost  entirely  non-marked  materials. The marked materials were found inside the body. What it  says  is  that,  very  quickly,  food  became  part  of  mice’s  body  and  also that some part of the body became waste. 98% of our body’s matter changes in one year. Materially, we are the same as the food we had today, as dynamic as water that travels from the body to the river, to an other animal’s body and so on. Our body is continuously changing, dissolving and taking part in the material world. Although there are different scales of time in its process, the principle of con-tinuous flow is the same in the entire living/non-living world, whether at a peak in the desert or in the chair where you are sitting right now. To see it from Spinoza’s view, perception through body is an exten-sion of mind. What if we take into account that the mind now keeps changing its components, as an infinite cycle of material recompos-es into the infinite intellect?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Thoughts on Meta-Virtual Solipsism</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Fredrik Hellberg</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;INT. LIFE EXTENSION OFFICE  - DAYDavid Aames and McCabe sit and wait in a warm wood-pan-eled  office,  proposals  in  hand.  A  glimpse  shows  words  like  ‘re-evolve’  and  ‘re-experience’,  peppered  with  colorful  photos  of simple, life-affirming portraits of everyday life. It’s a well-ap-pointed, well-marketed organization.McCabe regards David as the victim of a lunatic’s scam.Injustice fuels McCabe.DEARBORNThe DNA codes of the human body have been broken. Soon, heart ailments, cancer and so much more will be a thing of the past. Very simply: your anguish, your discontent... even your death is no longer necessary in a traditional sense. Whatever malady hides behind that mask is temporary.She looks directly at David and it stirs him. McCabe studies her and the operation. He thirsts for clues. David flips through the folder—toward  the  back,  a  panel  of  photos  of  storage  tanks.  Lavishly and warmly photographed, just like next year’s cars in a magazine&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;INT. LIFE EXTENSION OFFICE  - DAYDavid Aames and McCabe sit and wait in a warm wood-pan-eled  office,  proposals  in  hand.  A  glimpse  shows  words  like  ‘re-evolve’  and  ‘re-experience’,  peppered  with  colorful  photos  of simple, life-affirming portraits of everyday life. It’s a well-ap-pointed, well-marketed organization.McCabe regards David as the victim of a lunatic’s scam.Injustice fuels McCabe.DEARBORNThe DNA codes of the human body have been broken. Soon, heart ailments, cancer and so much more will be a thing of the past. Very simply: your anguish, your discontent... even your death is no longer necessary in a traditional sense. Whatever malady hides behind that mask is temporary.She looks directly at David and it stirs him. McCabe studies her and the operation. He thirsts for clues. David flips through the folder—toward  the  back,  a  panel  of  photos  of  storage  tanks.  Lavishly and warmly photographed, just like next year’s cars in a magazine&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Old Media's Ressurection</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Linnéa Hussein</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Linnéa</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Hussein</KeyNames>
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              <AffiliationIDType>40</AffiliationIDType>
              <IDValue>01hpqfm28</IDValue>
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            <Affiliation>Connecticut College</Affiliation>
          </ProfessionalAffiliation>
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            <AffiliationIdentifier>
              <AffiliationIDType>40</AffiliationIDType>
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            <Affiliation>New York University</Affiliation>
          </ProfessionalAffiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In October 2011 The New York Times published an article on the re-vival of the VHS tape in the horror film genre.1 What makes these so-called neo-VHS tapes different from their outdated VHS companions is the fact that their role transformed from technical to aesthetic. En-tire  magazines, such as Lunchmeat and Fangoria, are devoted to the subject of VHS now. For these horror fans, neo-VHS is not preferred for functional reasons, but because the grainy picture quality — the signs of usage that caused DVD and BluRay to replace VHS in the first place — became an indispensable trope for the bad horror film genre. Laura U. Marks (Simon Fraser University) talks about a similar notion of old media recycling when writing about The Color of Love:It seems that the real erotic activity...is not between the actors but in the game with death taking place on the surface of the film...the  film’s  emulsion  flowers  and  evaporates,  giving  itself  up to bliss and death&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In October 2011 The New York Times published an article on the re-vival of the VHS tape in the horror film genre.1 What makes these so-called neo-VHS tapes different from their outdated VHS companions is the fact that their role transformed from technical to aesthetic. En-tire  magazines, such as Lunchmeat and Fangoria, are devoted to the subject of VHS now. For these horror fans, neo-VHS is not preferred for functional reasons, but because the grainy picture quality — the signs of usage that caused DVD and BluRay to replace VHS in the first place — became an indispensable trope for the bad horror film genre. Laura U. Marks (Simon Fraser University) talks about a similar notion of old media recycling when writing about The Color of Love:It seems that the real erotic activity...is not between the actors but in the game with death taking place on the surface of the film...the  film’s  emulsion  flowers  and  evaporates,  giving  itself  up to bliss and death&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Hussein, Linnéa</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Cinematic Catalysts</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Contempt + Casa Malaparte</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Danielle Willems</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>Columbia University</Affiliation>
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            <Affiliation>University of Pennsylvania</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;There  is  no  question  that  at  this  point  in  time  we  view  the  world  through the cinematic lens. The way we move and perceive space, time and the landscape is most certainly through this lens. How can this  method  be  harnessed  to  become  a  methodology  that  is  gen-erative rather than just representational? Can this method be de-veloped  through  a  narrative  feeding  back  onto  the  form  expanding  and creating space and time around the sequence of events? This case study of Casa Malaparte has its own interesting story as well as  the  many  events  and  narratives  that  weave  themselves  through  and around this space. The film Le Mépris (Contempt) produced in 1963 is certainly one of Godard’s most seductive productions. The main event or catalyzing moment between the two characters in the film  is  solidified  through  the  formal  performance  of  the  architecture  of Casa Malaparte. This catalyzing moment will become the focus of this essay, and will attempt to investigate the series of memories surrounding and forming this exceptional house.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;There  is  no  question  that  at  this  point  in  time  we  view  the  world  through the cinematic lens. The way we move and perceive space, time and the landscape is most certainly through this lens. How can this  method  be  harnessed  to  become  a  methodology  that  is  gen-erative rather than just representational? Can this method be de-veloped  through  a  narrative  feeding  back  onto  the  form  expanding  and creating space and time around the sequence of events? This case study of Casa Malaparte has its own interesting story as well as  the  many  events  and  narratives  that  weave  themselves  through  and around this space. The film Le Mépris (Contempt) produced in 1963 is certainly one of Godard’s most seductive productions. The main event or catalyzing moment between the two characters in the film  is  solidified  through  the  formal  performance  of  the  architecture  of Casa Malaparte. This catalyzing moment will become the focus of this essay, and will attempt to investigate the series of memories surrounding and forming this exceptional house.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <ContentAudience>00</ContentAudience>
          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Willems, Danielle</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Off the Grid Left Out and Over</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Carl Douglas</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>Auckland University of Technology</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In James Graham Ballard’s novella Concrete Island, architect Robert Maitland crashes his Jaguar over a motorway embankment onto a traffic  island,  a  thin  triangle  of  waste  ground  two  hundred  meters  long.1 Here, in a parody of Robinson Crusoe, he finds himself ma-rooned: His jacket and trousers were stained with sweat, mud and en-gine grease. Few drivers, even if they did notice him, would be eager to give him a lift. Besides, it would be almost impossible to slow down here and stop. The pressure of the following traf-fic,  free  at  last  from  the  long  tail-backs  that  always  blocked  the Westway interchange during the rush hour, forced them on relentlessly. The fast-flowing arms of the motorway continue to operate perfectly, ensuring the rapid movement of bodies and objects; but their opera-tion is inaccessible to Maitland. Immobilized by the infrastructure of mobility, he has not simply exited urban life, he has slipped off the grid while remaining firmly within its network of effects.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In James Graham Ballard’s novella Concrete Island, architect Robert Maitland crashes his Jaguar over a motorway embankment onto a traffic  island,  a  thin  triangle  of  waste  ground  two  hundred  meters  long.1 Here, in a parody of Robinson Crusoe, he finds himself ma-rooned: His jacket and trousers were stained with sweat, mud and en-gine grease. Few drivers, even if they did notice him, would be eager to give him a lift. Besides, it would be almost impossible to slow down here and stop. The pressure of the following traf-fic,  free  at  last  from  the  long  tail-backs  that  always  blocked  the Westway interchange during the rush hour, forced them on relentlessly. The fast-flowing arms of the motorway continue to operate perfectly, ensuring the rapid movement of bodies and objects; but their opera-tion is inaccessible to Maitland. Immobilized by the infrastructure of mobility, he has not simply exited urban life, he has slipped off the grid while remaining firmly within its network of effects.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <ContentAudience>00</ContentAudience>
          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Douglas, Carl</PersonName>
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        <TitleDetail>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Transcendent Delusion Or; The Dangerous Free Spaces of Phillip K. Dick</TitleText>
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          <ContributorRole>A01</ContributorRole>
          <PersonName>Martin Byrne</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Martin</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Byrne</KeyNames>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;You  find  yourself  walking  through  a  long  dusty  corridor  in  a  dank  building  sometime  in  the  late  afternoon.  The  doors  to  nearly  every  room have long since fallen in, letting pale shafts of light mingle with dust and paper; assorted debris whirls about in lazy semi-circles as  you  pass  quietly  by.  There  are  no  lights  apart  from  the  fading  sun; there is no sound except for the slow pacing of your own feet and  the  idle  mixed  thoughts  that  bounce  from  left  to  right  in  your  head. The further you walk down the corridor, the more overwhelm-ing  your  sense  of  isolation  becomes.  Through  each  doorway  you  see  rooms  that  have  been  long  forgotten  —  weeds  sprouting  from  moldy ephemera in the foreground and a long view out of the bro-ken floor-to-ceiling windows beyond. Each frame you pass in steady syncopation  offers  a  glimpse  of  what  seems  to  be  an  encroaching  desert.  Shifting piles of dust cover in fits and starts the remains of a world that you never found entirely familiar to begin with.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;You  find  yourself  walking  through  a  long  dusty  corridor  in  a  dank  building  sometime  in  the  late  afternoon.  The  doors  to  nearly  every  room have long since fallen in, letting pale shafts of light mingle with dust and paper; assorted debris whirls about in lazy semi-circles as  you  pass  quietly  by.  There  are  no  lights  apart  from  the  fading  sun; there is no sound except for the slow pacing of your own feet and  the  idle  mixed  thoughts  that  bounce  from  left  to  right  in  your  head. The further you walk down the corridor, the more overwhelm-ing  your  sense  of  isolation  becomes.  Through  each  doorway  you  see  rooms  that  have  been  long  forgotten  —  weeds  sprouting  from  moldy ephemera in the foreground and a long view out of the bro-ken floor-to-ceiling windows beyond. Each frame you pass in steady syncopation  offers  a  glimpse  of  what  seems  to  be  an  encroaching  desert.  Shifting piles of dust cover in fits and starts the remains of a world that you never found entirely familiar to begin with.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <ContentAudience>00</ContentAudience>
          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Byrne, Martin</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">The Possible World of Architecture</TitleText>
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          <ContributorRole>A01</ContributorRole>
          <PersonName>Claire Jamieson</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Claire</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Jamieson</KeyNames>
          <ProfessionalAffiliation>
            <AffiliationIdentifier>
              <AffiliationIDType>40</AffiliationIDType>
              <IDValue>00ae33288</IDValue>
            </AffiliationIdentifier>
            <Affiliation>London Metropolitan University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;We  are  natural  storytellers.  It  is  highly  likely  that  our  storytelling abilities evolved with language and human culture, and that there is something in our very nature that compels us to communicate using stories.2  Some  have  even  gone  so  far  as  to  suggest  that  language  evolved  as  a  response  to  the  need  to  tell  stories.3 The justification for  this  lies  in  the  notion  that  a  story  or  narrative  is,  in  essence,  a  construction  of  the  mind,  and  thus  requires  the  complex  qualities  of  language  to  communicate  it  —  being  that  it  is  not  sensory.    But  what constitutes a story, and what gives language primacy over oth-er  modes  of  representation,  such  as  the  visual,  in  communicating  them?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <ContentAudience>00</ContentAudience>
          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;We  are  natural  storytellers.  It  is  highly  likely  that  our  storytelling abilities evolved with language and human culture, and that there is something in our very nature that compels us to communicate using stories.2  Some  have  even  gone  so  far  as  to  suggest  that  language  evolved  as  a  response  to  the  need  to  tell  stories.3 The justification for  this  lies  in  the  notion  that  a  story  or  narrative  is,  in  essence,  a  construction  of  the  mind,  and  thus  requires  the  complex  qualities  of  language  to  communicate  it  —  being  that  it  is  not  sensory.    But  what constitutes a story, and what gives language primacy over oth-er  modes  of  representation,  such  as  the  visual,  in  communicating  them?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <ContentAudience>00</ContentAudience>
          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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          <CopyrightOwner>
            <PersonName>Jamieson, Claire</PersonName>
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          <LastPageNumber>155</LastPageNumber>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Pet Architecture</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Human's Best Friend</Subtitle>
          </TitleElement>
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          <ContributorRole>A01</ContributorRole>
          <PersonName>Carla Leitão</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Carla</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Leitão</KeyNames>
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            <AffiliationIdentifier>
              <AffiliationIDType>40</AffiliationIDType>
              <IDValue>01rtyzb94</IDValue>
            </AffiliationIdentifier>
            <Affiliation>Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute</Affiliation>
          </ProfessionalAffiliation>
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          <LanguageCode>eng</LanguageCode>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Characters like Animal from the Muppet show (a creation by Jim Hen-son) are often illustrations through which we can talk about the quali-ties of the wild, the feral and the natural, in contrast to that which is artificial  or  built,  the  man-made.  This  article,  however,  would  like  to  focus on the chain.‘Animal,’  the  character,  offers  the  comic  emerging  out  of  the  usual  play between sophistication and calling, which can define the figure of the invited wild. The sophistication of the chained animal (who is a great musician) plays with the figure of drummers and their often cli-ched position in a band—there are jokes in the music world that refer to the drummer as that member who can have less ‘musical educa-tion’  than  the  other  players  (unfair,  surely).  Obsession  with  playing  often puts Animal in trances that ultimately reveal all dimensions at once, including narratives that are confusing about their actual spe-cies—quite often that Animal’s solos end up with two mental health nurses  catching  him  with  a  butterfly  net  to  take  him  off  stage,  and  suggestively, to some kind of ‘other place.’ Animal, however, is glad to be in his chain and this way be able to play the drums in the com-panion of the other ‘more human’ animals. The unused chain, surely, contains a wilder Animal than his behavior can ever become.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <TextContent>
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          <ContentAudience>00</ContentAudience>
          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Characters like Animal from the Muppet show (a creation by Jim Hen-son) are often illustrations through which we can talk about the quali-ties of the wild, the feral and the natural, in contrast to that which is artificial  or  built,  the  man-made.  This  article,  however,  would  like  to  focus on the chain.‘Animal,’  the  character,  offers  the  comic  emerging  out  of  the  usual  play between sophistication and calling, which can define the figure of the invited wild. The sophistication of the chained animal (who is a great musician) plays with the figure of drummers and their often cli-ched position in a band—there are jokes in the music world that refer to the drummer as that member who can have less ‘musical educa-tion’  than  the  other  players  (unfair,  surely).  Obsession  with  playing  often puts Animal in trances that ultimately reveal all dimensions at once, including narratives that are confusing about their actual spe-cies—quite often that Animal’s solos end up with two mental health nurses  catching  him  with  a  butterfly  net  to  take  him  off  stage,  and  suggestively, to some kind of ‘other place.’ Animal, however, is glad to be in his chain and this way be able to play the drums in the com-panion of the other ‘more human’ animals. The unused chain, surely, contains a wilder Animal than his behavior can ever become.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <TextContent>
          <TextType>20</TextType>
          <ContentAudience>00</ContentAudience>
          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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          <CopyrightOwner>
            <PersonName>Leitão, Carla</PersonName>
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        <TitleDetail>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Bread and CIrcus</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Agorae Vs Arenas</Subtitle>
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          <ContributorRole>A01</ContributorRole>
          <PersonName>Eduardo McIntosh</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Eduardo</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>McIntosh</KeyNames>
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              <AffiliationIDType>40</AffiliationIDType>
              <IDValue>00hj8s172</IDValue>
            </AffiliationIdentifier>
            <Affiliation>Columbia University</Affiliation>
          </ProfessionalAffiliation>
          <ProfessionalAffiliation>
            <AffiliationIdentifier>
              <AffiliationIDType>40</AffiliationIDType>
              <IDValue>00t67pt25</IDValue>
            </AffiliationIdentifier>
            <Affiliation>Birmingham City University</Affiliation>
          </ProfessionalAffiliation>
        </Contributor>
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          <LanguageCode>eng</LanguageCode>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The  aim  of  any  piece  of  writing  is  almost  always  to  be  read  by  as  many  people  as  possible,  to  be  an  instrument  to  spread  an  idea.  Nevertheless,  since  the  times  we  live  in  influence  us  to  disregard  anything that doesn’t offer a good rate of effort/reward form the on-set, I will start this piece by telling a little bit of academic related gos-sip, as sometimes it seems like the trivial is for some of us the most significant.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <TextContent>
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          <ContentAudience>00</ContentAudience>
          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The  aim  of  any  piece  of  writing  is  almost  always  to  be  read  by  as  many  people  as  possible,  to  be  an  instrument  to  spread  an  idea.  Nevertheless,  since  the  times  we  live  in  influence  us  to  disregard  anything that doesn’t offer a good rate of effort/reward form the on-set, I will start this piece by telling a little bit of academic related gos-sip, as sometimes it seems like the trivial is for some of us the most significant.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <TextContent>
          <TextType>20</TextType>
          <ContentAudience>00</ContentAudience>
          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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          <CopyrightOwner>
            <PersonName>McIntosh, Eduardo</PersonName>
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        <TitleDetail>
          <TitleType>01</TitleType>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Motion Architecture</TitleText>
          </TitleElement>
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          <SequenceNumber>1</SequenceNumber>
          <ContributorRole>A01</ContributorRole>
          <PersonName>Oliviu Lugojan-Ghenciu</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Oliviu</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Lugojan-Ghenciu</KeyNames>
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          <LanguageCode>eng</LanguageCode>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Analyzing  Eadweard  Muybridge’s  work  and  Vladimir  Veličković’s painted motion studies would offer a too-easy way to find a relation-ship between the still objects of architecture and the dynamics of motion. Jean-Luc Godard is also waiting to be taken apart from this perspective, just as is Bruno Zevi’s idea of archiving space through cinematographic methods. Rem Koolhaas is known for his transition from film to architecture. Why is there such a brotherhood between film and architecture? Maybe it is because they share the common idea of assembling building blocks in order to build something that is more than just the  sum  of  its  elements.  The  concept  to  be  proposed  has  little  to  do with these remarkable people and their studies, but builds upon their experience. What I am interested in is not the cinematographic expression, but a fourth dimension added by motion in graphics and how movement can further an architectural product.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <ContentAudience>00</ContentAudience>
          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Analyzing  Eadweard  Muybridge’s  work  and  Vladimir  Veličković’s painted motion studies would offer a too-easy way to find a relation-ship between the still objects of architecture and the dynamics of motion. Jean-Luc Godard is also waiting to be taken apart from this perspective, just as is Bruno Zevi’s idea of archiving space through cinematographic methods. Rem Koolhaas is known for his transition from film to architecture. Why is there such a brotherhood between film and architecture? Maybe it is because they share the common idea of assembling building blocks in order to build something that is more than just the  sum  of  its  elements.  The  concept  to  be  proposed  has  little  to  do with these remarkable people and their studies, but builds upon their experience. What I am interested in is not the cinematographic expression, but a fourth dimension added by motion in graphics and how movement can further an architectural product.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
        </TextContent>
        <TextContent>
          <TextType>20</TextType>
          <ContentAudience>00</ContentAudience>
          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Lugojan-Ghenciu, Oliviu</PersonName>
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        <TitleDetail>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Fibrous Assemblages and Behavioral Composites</TitleText>
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          <ContributorRole>A01</ContributorRole>
          <PersonName>Roland Snooks</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Roland</NamesBeforeKey>
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            <Affiliation>RMIT University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The emergence of complexity theory has shifted the conceptualiza-tion of form from the macro scale to a concern for the operation of the complex systems that underlie formation. It is from the micro-scale local  interactions  of  complex  systems  that  behavioral  strategies  for  the  generation  of  composite  materials  have  emerged,  strategies  where  architectural  form,  structure  and  ornament  emerge  from  the  design of material behavior, specifically the design of behavior within composite materials.The inherently organizational understanding of form offered by com-plexity  theory  has  been  the  basis  for  Kokkugia’s  development  of  behavioral  design  methodologies.  This  behavioral  approach  draws  from the logic of swarm intelligence and operates through the self-or-ganization of multi-agent systems. These methodologies operate by encoding simple architectural decisions within a distributed system of  autonomous  computational  agents.  It  is  the  interaction  of  these  local decisions that self-organizes design intention, giving rise to a form  of  collective  intelligence  and  emergent  behavior  at  the  global  scale. Behavioral design methodologies represent a shift from ‘form being imposed upon matter’ to ‘form emerging from the interaction of localized entities within a complex system.’&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The emergence of complexity theory has shifted the conceptualiza-tion of form from the macro scale to a concern for the operation of the complex systems that underlie formation. It is from the micro-scale local  interactions  of  complex  systems  that  behavioral  strategies  for  the  generation  of  composite  materials  have  emerged,  strategies  where  architectural  form,  structure  and  ornament  emerge  from  the  design of material behavior, specifically the design of behavior within composite materials.The inherently organizational understanding of form offered by com-plexity  theory  has  been  the  basis  for  Kokkugia’s  development  of  behavioral  design  methodologies.  This  behavioral  approach  draws  from the logic of swarm intelligence and operates through the self-or-ganization of multi-agent systems. These methodologies operate by encoding simple architectural decisions within a distributed system of  autonomous  computational  agents.  It  is  the  interaction  of  these  local decisions that self-organizes design intention, giving rise to a form  of  collective  intelligence  and  emergent  behavior  at  the  global  scale. Behavioral design methodologies represent a shift from ‘form being imposed upon matter’ to ‘form emerging from the interaction of localized entities within a complex system.’&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <PersonName>Snooks, Roland </PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Unfolding Azadi Tower</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Reading Persian Folds Through Deleuze</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Biayna Bogosian</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>Florida International University</Affiliation>
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              <IDValue>03efmqc40</IDValue>
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            <Affiliation>Arizona State University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The Azadi Tower (Freedom Tower) is the gateway to Tehran. This 50-m tall tower is located in the heart of the 15,000-sqm Azadi Square (Freedom Square) and has been the center of many cultural and po-litical  revolutions  since  its  completion  in  1971.  The  architecture  of  the tower is influenced by both pre-Islamic Persian architecture of materiality and Islamic architecture of geometry. The significance of the Azadi tower is not only in its sociopolitical presence, but also in the fact that it is one of the world’s first structures that incorporated computation in the design, analysis, and materialization processes. From 1966-1971 the monument was constructed with 25,000 unique white marble pieces. The customized geometry of each marble unit was computed using a structural analysis program and carved using a combination of manual and automated techniques.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The Azadi Tower (Freedom Tower) is the gateway to Tehran. This 50-m tall tower is located in the heart of the 15,000-sqm Azadi Square (Freedom Square) and has been the center of many cultural and po-litical  revolutions  since  its  completion  in  1971.  The  architecture  of  the tower is influenced by both pre-Islamic Persian architecture of materiality and Islamic architecture of geometry. The significance of the Azadi tower is not only in its sociopolitical presence, but also in the fact that it is one of the world’s first structures that incorporated computation in the design, analysis, and materialization processes. From 1966-1971 the monument was constructed with 25,000 unique white marble pieces. The customized geometry of each marble unit was computed using a structural analysis program and carved using a combination of manual and automated techniques.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Bogosian, Biayna</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Twin (Technology/Art Induced) Architectural Daydreams</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Esther Sze-Wing Cheung</PersonName>
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          <KeyNames>Cheung</KeyNames>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;On  a  sunny  September  afternoon,  I  found  myself  fighting  through  crowds  of  metropolitan  art-goers,  hipster-technologists  and  pro-longed-adolescent-adults, grazing amusedly in a tall, open, window-less room at the MOMA’s Talk to Me exhibition, amidst an assortment of flat screen monitors, tastefully-colored infographics, blinking LEDs and  beeping.1 Halfway through my procession through this spec-tacle,  I  circled  back  to  the  room  center  and  found  myself  curiously  face-to-face with a seemingly unremarkable floor lamp, except for an unusual  spongy  beige  section  on  the  lamp-neck.  A  parody  on  the  classic British Anglepoise Lamp, this piece humorously titled Stran-gle Poise Lamp, was designed to be strangled to death. To turn off the lamp, one must wrap their hands around the spongy beige neck and squeeze out its metaphorical life, slowly dimming the light until both object and human are literally in the dark. Designed by James Chambers, the Strangle Poise Lamp is part of a line of aggression-absorbing  products  intended  to  provide  safe  ways  to  live  out  fanta-sies planted into our minds by violent films.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;On  a  sunny  September  afternoon,  I  found  myself  fighting  through  crowds  of  metropolitan  art-goers,  hipster-technologists  and  pro-longed-adolescent-adults, grazing amusedly in a tall, open, window-less room at the MOMA’s Talk to Me exhibition, amidst an assortment of flat screen monitors, tastefully-colored infographics, blinking LEDs and  beeping.1 Halfway through my procession through this spec-tacle,  I  circled  back  to  the  room  center  and  found  myself  curiously  face-to-face with a seemingly unremarkable floor lamp, except for an unusual  spongy  beige  section  on  the  lamp-neck.  A  parody  on  the  classic British Anglepoise Lamp, this piece humorously titled Stran-gle Poise Lamp, was designed to be strangled to death. To turn off the lamp, one must wrap their hands around the spongy beige neck and squeeze out its metaphorical life, slowly dimming the light until both object and human are literally in the dark. Designed by James Chambers, the Strangle Poise Lamp is part of a line of aggression-absorbing  products  intended  to  provide  safe  ways  to  live  out  fanta-sies planted into our minds by violent films.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Cheung, Esther Sze-Wing</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">DIY: Biopolitics: The Deregulated Self</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Russel Hughes</PersonName>
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          <KeyNames>Hughes</KeyNames>
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              <AffiliationIDType>40</AffiliationIDType>
              <IDValue>00rqy9422</IDValue>
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            <Affiliation>University of Queensland</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Shuzaku Arakawa’s early paintings (1961-73) (many of which were produced with Madeline Gins, though she took no authorial credit for  them)  represent  what  appear  to  be  semi-finished  sketches  that  sometimes look like technical drawings against backgrounds of white and varying shades of brown. The purpose of these two-dimensional representations  is  to  signify  ‘blankness’  as  a  “neutral  positing”,  in  the  sense  that  blank  is  a  ‘holding  open’  of  the  compulsion  toward  the standard artistic practice of conceptual and cognitive coloniza-tion toward a predetermined end.1 As they state: “it is what is there but  undifferentiated,  so  it  is  nothing  ...  It  is  what  fills  emptiness.”2Another  way  of  understanding  blank  is  through  the  French  blanc, meaning white, which is, of course, the congealing of all the colors in the spectrum (as opposed to black, the absence of color). In this sense, blank (or blanc) is overabundance, the reservoir of potential-ity from which anything can come forth. The concept of blank draws our attention to the multiple points of interpretation contained within open-endedness,  as  opposed  to  the  definitive  teleological  fixity  for  which strives much (not all) creative practice. The visual argument in these  artworks  is  that  painting  as  an  activity  abstracts  from  nature,  narrowing down and essentializing experience. Abstract thought is the frame that apprehends the open-endedness of meaning, defin-ing  and  positioning  a  text  in  exclusive,  unequivocal  terms.  In  this  respect,  much  of  Arakawa’s  early  work  remains  untitled  (acting  as  the actual title of the work), which itself is an act of resistance to the etymological determinism that comes with labels that posit in explicit terms  what  it  is  we  are  meant  to  understand  and  experience  from  artistic productions&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Shuzaku Arakawa’s early paintings (1961-73) (many of which were produced with Madeline Gins, though she took no authorial credit for  them)  represent  what  appear  to  be  semi-finished  sketches  that  sometimes look like technical drawings against backgrounds of white and varying shades of brown. The purpose of these two-dimensional representations  is  to  signify  ‘blankness’  as  a  “neutral  positing”,  in  the  sense  that  blank  is  a  ‘holding  open’  of  the  compulsion  toward  the standard artistic practice of conceptual and cognitive coloniza-tion toward a predetermined end.1 As they state: “it is what is there but  undifferentiated,  so  it  is  nothing  ...  It  is  what  fills  emptiness.”2Another  way  of  understanding  blank  is  through  the  French  blanc, meaning white, which is, of course, the congealing of all the colors in the spectrum (as opposed to black, the absence of color). In this sense, blank (or blanc) is overabundance, the reservoir of potential-ity from which anything can come forth. The concept of blank draws our attention to the multiple points of interpretation contained within open-endedness,  as  opposed  to  the  definitive  teleological  fixity  for  which strives much (not all) creative practice. The visual argument in these  artworks  is  that  painting  as  an  activity  abstracts  from  nature,  narrowing down and essentializing experience. Abstract thought is the frame that apprehends the open-endedness of meaning, defin-ing  and  positioning  a  text  in  exclusive,  unequivocal  terms.  In  this  respect,  much  of  Arakawa’s  early  work  remains  untitled  (acting  as  the actual title of the work), which itself is an act of resistance to the etymological determinism that comes with labels that posit in explicit terms  what  it  is  we  are  meant  to  understand  and  experience  from  artistic productions&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Hughes, Russel</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Two Questions for Seher Shah</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Alexis Bhagat</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute</Affiliation>
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            <Affiliation>University at Albany, State University of New York</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In her drawings, artist Seher Shah explores the forms of Modernist ab-stract architecture with a sensibility that is both nostalgic and critical. She  employs  basic  elements  of  architectural  drawing—the  column,  the grid, the wall—to fantastically render the ruins of imposition.In her 2011 exhibition, Object Anxiety, Shah stripped Le Corbusier’s Unité d’Habitation of height, weight and mass, turning it on its side to create a plane. Her new series of drawings, presented in the ex-hibition Brute  Ornament, zooms in on this plane and manipulates its form in a series of further deconstructions of Unité d’Habitation.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In her drawings, artist Seher Shah explores the forms of Modernist ab-stract architecture with a sensibility that is both nostalgic and critical. She  employs  basic  elements  of  architectural  drawing—the  column,  the grid, the wall—to fantastically render the ruins of imposition.In her 2011 exhibition, Object Anxiety, Shah stripped Le Corbusier’s Unité d’Habitation of height, weight and mass, turning it on its side to create a plane. Her new series of drawings, presented in the ex-hibition Brute  Ornament, zooms in on this plane and manipulates its form in a series of further deconstructions of Unité d’Habitation.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Bhagat, Alexis</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">The Groundbraking Clarity of Ryan and Trevor Oakes</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Eve Bailey</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Eve</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Bailey</KeyNames>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Identical twins Ryan and Trevor Oakes have created an innovative method  of  depicting  the  world  before  us  that  constitutes  a  key  ad-vancement  in  the  representation  of  visual  reality.  Their  discovery  is  the synthesis of reciprocal intuitions, observations and experiments generated by their ongoing dialog about perception — about “see-ing with two eyes.” They have been reexamining the knowledge that our  experience  of  the  world  is  binocular  and  as  if  we  were  at  the  center of a giant perceptual sphere. They came to realize it would be more appropriate to draw on a spherical surface rather than a flat sheet of paper, and found a way of tracing the world directly onto the curved paper without digital intervention, mathematical calculations or drafting tools. The result is the visual and physical experience of a seamless and organic rendering, with no beginning and no end, that does  not  fail  to  remind  me  of  Frederick  Kiesler’s  original  concepts  in his project of the Endless House, “endless like the human body.” The fascinating part of Ryan and Trevor’s pioneering system is, as art historian  Jonathan  Crary  articulates  it,  “that  they  have  reintroduced  the corporal features of human vision in perspective techniques that had been edited out of our conventional monocular models of repre-sentation where the world is presented as if all parts of it were seen with a uniform clarity when in fact the illusion we have of a clear world is obtained by our eyes darting around producing a synthetic image of an overall clarity."&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Identical twins Ryan and Trevor Oakes have created an innovative method  of  depicting  the  world  before  us  that  constitutes  a  key  ad-vancement  in  the  representation  of  visual  reality.  Their  discovery  is  the synthesis of reciprocal intuitions, observations and experiments generated by their ongoing dialog about perception — about “see-ing with two eyes.” They have been reexamining the knowledge that our  experience  of  the  world  is  binocular  and  as  if  we  were  at  the  center of a giant perceptual sphere. They came to realize it would be more appropriate to draw on a spherical surface rather than a flat sheet of paper, and found a way of tracing the world directly onto the curved paper without digital intervention, mathematical calculations or drafting tools. The result is the visual and physical experience of a seamless and organic rendering, with no beginning and no end, that does  not  fail  to  remind  me  of  Frederick  Kiesler’s  original  concepts  in his project of the Endless House, “endless like the human body.” The fascinating part of Ryan and Trevor’s pioneering system is, as art historian  Jonathan  Crary  articulates  it,  “that  they  have  reintroduced  the corporal features of human vision in perspective techniques that had been edited out of our conventional monocular models of repre-sentation where the world is presented as if all parts of it were seen with a uniform clarity when in fact the illusion we have of a clear world is obtained by our eyes darting around producing a synthetic image of an overall clarity."&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This book is a collection of thirty-five texts from the first series of guest writers’ essays, written specifically for The Funambulist weblog from June 2011 to November 2012. The idea of complementing Lambert’s own texts on his blog with those written by others originated from the idea that having friends communicate with each other about their work could help develop mutual interests and provide a platform to address an audience. Thirty-nine authors of twenty-three nationalities were given the opportunity to write essays about a part of their work that might fit with the blog’s editorial line. Overall, two ‘families’ of texts emerged, collected in two distinct parts in this volume.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The first part, The Power of the Line, explores the legal, geographical and historical politics of various places of the world. The second part, Architectural Narratives, approaches architecture in a mix of things that were once called philosophy, literature and art. This dichotomy represents the blog’s editorial line and can be reconciled by the obsession of approaching architecture without care for the limits of a given discipline. This method, rather than adopting the contemporary architect’s syndrome that consists in talking about everything but being an expert in nothing, attempts to consider architecture as something embedded within (geo)political, cultural, social, historical, biological, and dromological mechanisms that widely exceed what is traditionally understood as the limits of its expertise.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This book is a collection of thirty-five texts from the first series of guest writers’ essays, written specifically for The Funambulist weblog from June 2011 to November 2012. The idea of complementing Lambert’s own texts on his blog with those written by others originated from the idea that having friends communicate with each other about their work could help develop mutual interests and provide a platform to address an audience. Thirty-nine authors of twenty-three nationalities were given the opportunity to write essays about a part of their work that might fit with the blog’s editorial line. Overall, two ‘families’ of texts emerged, collected in two distinct parts in this volume.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The first part, The Power of the Line, explores the legal, geographical and historical politics of various places of the world. The second part, Architectural Narratives, approaches architecture in a mix of things that were once called philosophy, literature and art. This dichotomy represents the blog’s editorial line and can be reconciled by the obsession of approaching architecture without care for the limits of a given discipline. This method, rather than adopting the contemporary architect’s syndrome that consists in talking about everything but being an expert in nothing, attempts to consider architecture as something embedded within (geo)political, cultural, social, historical, biological, and dromological mechanisms that widely exceed what is traditionally understood as the limits of its expertise.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Since 2007, the blog The Funambulist tells stories about lines. The line is architecture’s representative medium; it creates diagrams of power that use architecture’s intrinsic violence on the bodies to organize them in space. If the white page represents a given milieu — a desert, for  example  —  when  an  architect  traces  a  line  on  it,  (s)he  virtually  splits this milieu into two distinct impermeable parts, and actualizes it through the line’s embodiment, the wall. The Funambulist, also known as a tight rope walker, is the character who, somehow, subverts this power by walking on the line. She is the frail figure moving along the lines between the two towers in 1974. She is the person doing the ‘V’ with her fingers while standing on the edge of the Wall in November, 1989. And, if she happens to fall, she will find a tall Nietzschean char-acter to say that she can die peacefully because she would die from the danger she dedicated her life to.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Since 2007, the blog The Funambulist tells stories about lines. The line is architecture’s representative medium; it creates diagrams of power that use architecture’s intrinsic violence on the bodies to organize them in space. If the white page represents a given milieu — a desert, for  example  —  when  an  architect  traces  a  line  on  it,  (s)he  virtually  splits this milieu into two distinct impermeable parts, and actualizes it through the line’s embodiment, the wall. The Funambulist, also known as a tight rope walker, is the character who, somehow, subverts this power by walking on the line. She is the frail figure moving along the lines between the two towers in 1974. She is the person doing the ‘V’ with her fingers while standing on the edge of the Wall in November, 1989. And, if she happens to fall, she will find a tall Nietzschean char-acter to say that she can die peacefully because she would die from the danger she dedicated her life to.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This  piece  is  more  reminiscent  of  a  stream  of  consciousness  than  a  discussion  on  entropy,  analogising  the  intriguing  applicability  of  thermodynamism in relation to understandings of law, lines, and ex-tant  resistances.  To  speak  of  exerted  energy,  that  which  is  wasted  in  the  machinations  of  a  seemingly  closed  system,  is  prescient  in  a time of disruption and apoplexia. Beyond the aesthetic nerve that enticed the writing of this piece on entropy, there are legal and politi-cal analogies and extant anxieties that lend an overwhelming famil-iarity to this encounter with thermodynamic processes. Entropy is a measurement,  a  method  of  quantifying  energy  that  is  available  for  unuseful work within a thermodynamic process.  Without involving the  reader  entirely  with  the  science  or  statistical  mechanics  of  en-tropy (and within the bounds of what this non-scientific author knows of the phenomenon), entropy is an accumulated inefficient resource that  gathers  as  a  machine  or  engine  has  reached  its  ‘theoretical  maximum efficiency,’ the energy thus having to be exorcised, or ‘dis-sipated’ in the form of waste heat.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This  piece  is  more  reminiscent  of  a  stream  of  consciousness  than  a  discussion  on  entropy,  analogising  the  intriguing  applicability  of  thermodynamism in relation to understandings of law, lines, and ex-tant  resistances.  To  speak  of  exerted  energy,  that  which  is  wasted  in  the  machinations  of  a  seemingly  closed  system,  is  prescient  in  a time of disruption and apoplexia. Beyond the aesthetic nerve that enticed the writing of this piece on entropy, there are legal and politi-cal analogies and extant anxieties that lend an overwhelming famil-iarity to this encounter with thermodynamic processes. Entropy is a measurement,  a  method  of  quantifying  energy  that  is  available  for  unuseful work within a thermodynamic process.  Without involving the  reader  entirely  with  the  science  or  statistical  mechanics  of  en-tropy (and within the bounds of what this non-scientific author knows of the phenomenon), entropy is an accumulated inefficient resource that  gathers  as  a  machine  or  engine  has  reached  its  ‘theoretical  maximum efficiency,’ the energy thus having to be exorcised, or ‘dis-sipated’ in the form of waste heat.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">The Clear-Blurry Line</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Daniel Fernández Pascual</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Harvesting energy from the centre of the Earth, squeezing drinking water from maritime fogs, grabbing atmospheric pollution or discov-ering  treasures  from  sunken  ships  could  soon  become  sources  of  wealth for today’s nation-states. But to whom do all these resources lawfully belong to? The physical boundaries of a country extend far beyond  a  two-dimensional  geographical  border.  Surrounding  the  ground  surface,  three  areas  of  sovereignty  -  waters,  airspace  and  underground  –  together  with  their  three  dynamic  limits  articulate  these clear-blurry lines. Where does the sovereignty of a nation-state actually end? How is that line drawn? Their demarcation is tightly linked to circulation of capital and economic resources. Regulations struggle to define clear lines that reality blurs. We are uncertain how to locate them accurtely. How to demarcate spatial rights on the sea, the clouds and the magma? The logic of modern sovereignty over natural  resources  of  a  territory  is  being  inverted.  The  notion  of  col-lective  natural  resources  supersedes  and  reshapes  current  system  of sovereignty. We experience more and more a shift from the flat nation-state towards four-dimensional complexities. How does criti-cal spatial practice operate within this frame?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Harvesting energy from the centre of the Earth, squeezing drinking water from maritime fogs, grabbing atmospheric pollution or discov-ering  treasures  from  sunken  ships  could  soon  become  sources  of  wealth for today’s nation-states. But to whom do all these resources lawfully belong to? The physical boundaries of a country extend far beyond  a  two-dimensional  geographical  border.  Surrounding  the  ground  surface,  three  areas  of  sovereignty  -  waters,  airspace  and  underground  –  together  with  their  three  dynamic  limits  articulate  these clear-blurry lines. Where does the sovereignty of a nation-state actually end? How is that line drawn? Their demarcation is tightly linked to circulation of capital and economic resources. Regulations struggle to define clear lines that reality blurs. We are uncertain how to locate them accurtely. How to demarcate spatial rights on the sea, the clouds and the magma? The logic of modern sovereignty over natural  resources  of  a  territory  is  being  inverted.  The  notion  of  col-lective  natural  resources  supersedes  and  reshapes  current  system  of sovereignty. We experience more and more a shift from the flat nation-state towards four-dimensional complexities. How does criti-cal spatial practice operate within this frame?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Post-Political Attitudes on Immigration, Utopias and the Space Between Us</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Ethel Baraona Pohl</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Geopolitical  space  has  always  been  a  conflicted  and  fragile  topic.  Borders  and  frontiers  are  changing  so  fast  that  sometimes  one’s  sociopolitical status can change from “citizen” to “immigrant” or re-main “immigrant” much of your life. We are getting used to words like refugee, enclave, war, borders, limits. This critical condition is not a minor problem. The International Migration Report 2006 states that in  2005,  there  were  nearly  191  million  international  migrants  world-wide, about three percent of the world population, a rise of 26 million since  1990.  This  is  one  of  the  biggest  political  problems  we  face. In  this  context,  we  can  see  how  the  political  implications  of  some  architects had led them to design what we may call “critical utopias.” The  concept  of  dystopia  is  a  critic  and  utopia  is  an  evocation  of  a  new world to come. This duality was the basis of some radical proj-ects  of  the  1960s  and  1970s,  such  as  Superstudio’s  Twelve  Ideal  Cities, their satirical vision of humanity’s search for an ideal world, or Archizoom’s No-Stop City.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Geopolitical  space  has  always  been  a  conflicted  and  fragile  topic.  Borders  and  frontiers  are  changing  so  fast  that  sometimes  one’s  sociopolitical status can change from “citizen” to “immigrant” or re-main “immigrant” much of your life. We are getting used to words like refugee, enclave, war, borders, limits. This critical condition is not a minor problem. The International Migration Report 2006 states that in  2005,  there  were  nearly  191  million  international  migrants  world-wide, about three percent of the world population, a rise of 26 million since  1990.  This  is  one  of  the  biggest  political  problems  we  face. In  this  context,  we  can  see  how  the  political  implications  of  some  architects had led them to design what we may call “critical utopias.” The  concept  of  dystopia  is  a  critic  and  utopia  is  an  evocation  of  a  new world to come. This duality was the basis of some radical proj-ects  of  the  1960s  and  1970s,  such  as  Superstudio’s  Twelve  Ideal  Cities, their satirical vision of humanity’s search for an ideal world, or Archizoom’s No-Stop City.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <PersonName>Pohl, Ethel Baraona</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">The Mosque</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Religion, Politics and Architecture in the 21st Century</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Michael Badu</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The act of prostration is a ‘part’ of the Islamic formal prayer service which is known as Salaat. It is curious that the Islamic house of wor-ship is not generally known as Bait us Salaat or Bait ul Ibaadah (re-spectively, house of formal prayer or house of worship) and that the more utilitarian term masjid, derived from the Muslim holy book, the Quran, became current. This would seem to suggest a more ‘humble’ architectural characterisation of this building type than that to which we  have  become  accustomed,  a  suggestion  that  history  seems  to  bear out.  The  first  masjid built under the supervision of the prophet Muham-mad at Medina shortly after his flight from Mecca, was a rudimentary enclosure of earth and rock walls, built around a small grove of date palm trees and roofed by their canopies. When it rained heavily, this tree  canopy  roof  leaked  profusely,  literally  turning  the  earth  floor  of  the mosque into a ‘mud bath.’&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The act of prostration is a ‘part’ of the Islamic formal prayer service which is known as Salaat. It is curious that the Islamic house of wor-ship is not generally known as Bait us Salaat or Bait ul Ibaadah (re-spectively, house of formal prayer or house of worship) and that the more utilitarian term masjid, derived from the Muslim holy book, the Quran, became current. This would seem to suggest a more ‘humble’ architectural characterisation of this building type than that to which we  have  become  accustomed,  a  suggestion  that  history  seems  to  bear out.  The  first  masjid built under the supervision of the prophet Muham-mad at Medina shortly after his flight from Mecca, was a rudimentary enclosure of earth and rock walls, built around a small grove of date palm trees and roofed by their canopies. When it rained heavily, this tree  canopy  roof  leaked  profusely,  literally  turning  the  earth  floor  of  the mosque into a ‘mud bath.’&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Nothing to Hide</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Mariabruna Fabrizi</PersonName>
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          <PersonName>Fosco Lucarelli</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Some years ago an eye-catching tv commercial for Elave, a skincare products company, provoked a rather discernible YouTube backlash. The ad showed completely naked laboratory staff technicians wan-dering, talking and studying in an ethereal-white open work environ-ment, apparently unaware of their nakedness. The literal message was that Elave had no worrying chemicals in its formulations and there-fore “Nothing to hide,” as asserted through the campaign’s tagline.1Curiously enough, in order to promote the safety of the work done in the house, the campaign choose a rather NSFW attitude. Yet it would be misleading, if not puritanical to target the stunt as the usual “sex sells” example: not only is it hard to detect any sex appeal in the per-fectly shaved humankind appearing in the spot, but digging  deeper could reveal the subliminal and perverse way public institutions and private corporations are hiding work exploitation and new means for profit under pseudo ethical calls for transparency and openness.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Some years ago an eye-catching tv commercial for Elave, a skincare products company, provoked a rather discernible YouTube backlash. The ad showed completely naked laboratory staff technicians wan-dering, talking and studying in an ethereal-white open work environ-ment, apparently unaware of their nakedness. The literal message was that Elave had no worrying chemicals in its formulations and there-fore “Nothing to hide,” as asserted through the campaign’s tagline.1Curiously enough, in order to promote the safety of the work done in the house, the campaign choose a rather NSFW attitude. Yet it would be misleading, if not puritanical to target the stunt as the usual “sex sells” example: not only is it hard to detect any sex appeal in the per-fectly shaved humankind appearing in the spot, but digging  deeper could reveal the subliminal and perverse way public institutions and private corporations are hiding work exploitation and new means for profit under pseudo ethical calls for transparency and openness.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <PersonName>Fabrizi, Mariabruna</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Briefly on Walking</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Caroline Filice Smith</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>Harvard University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;As a genderqueer woman and a practicing architect, the realities of how architecture manifests and reinforces dominant social and po-litical power structures [on my body] is inescapable. And while it is fairly  easy  to  find  communities  of  people  who  would  like  to  speak  about  the  relationships  between  capitalism/colonialism/imperialism  and architecture, the dialog becomes sparse when the subjects of gender, class, and race are introduced.  Issues conveniently consid-ered ‘special interests’ despite the fact that they affect a majority of the population... though because of the social/educational ‘cost’ of  becoming an architect, not much of the population actively designing buildings. And so it is inevitable that these ‘interests’  will be regarded as  secondary  and  possibly  selfish,  when  compared  to  the  ‘larger’  demons like unregulated ‘capitalist development.’&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;As a genderqueer woman and a practicing architect, the realities of how architecture manifests and reinforces dominant social and po-litical power structures [on my body] is inescapable. And while it is fairly  easy  to  find  communities  of  people  who  would  like  to  speak  about  the  relationships  between  capitalism/colonialism/imperialism  and architecture, the dialog becomes sparse when the subjects of gender, class, and race are introduced.  Issues conveniently consid-ered ‘special interests’ despite the fact that they affect a majority of the population... though because of the social/educational ‘cost’ of  becoming an architect, not much of the population actively designing buildings. And so it is inevitable that these ‘interests’  will be regarded as  secondary  and  possibly  selfish,  when  compared  to  the  ‘larger’  demons like unregulated ‘capitalist development.’&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Femicide Machine/ Backyard</TitleText>
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            <Affiliation>Columbia University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;So reads the sobering introductory paragraph of Sergio González Ro-dríguez’s provocative The Femicide Machine, a recent installment in Semiotext(e)’s Intervention series. The compact primer distills the his-torical trajectory of entanglement among Mexico, the United States, global economy, and organized crime, delineating the femicide ma-chine’s genesis and current stranglehold. The author’s journalistic credentials  prove  invaluable  as  the  text  slips  in  and  out  of  straight  reportage. In 2009 there were 164 female homicides in Ciudad Juárez -- 306 the following year -- many by strangulation, stabbing, and gun-shots, often involving sexual violence. More than 30,000 have died since  the  beginning  of  the  war  on  drug  trafficking  in  2006,  almost  a quarter of those deaths occurring in Ciudad Juárez. Often repeti-tive,  urgent,  and  devastating,  The  Femicide  Machine  tells  a  story  of  extreme  capitalism  reshaping  territory  and  a  processual  state-form  fostering utterly inhumane machines&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;So reads the sobering introductory paragraph of Sergio González Ro-dríguez’s provocative The Femicide Machine, a recent installment in Semiotext(e)’s Intervention series. The compact primer distills the his-torical trajectory of entanglement among Mexico, the United States, global economy, and organized crime, delineating the femicide ma-chine’s genesis and current stranglehold. The author’s journalistic credentials  prove  invaluable  as  the  text  slips  in  and  out  of  straight  reportage. In 2009 there were 164 female homicides in Ciudad Juárez -- 306 the following year -- many by strangulation, stabbing, and gun-shots, often involving sexual violence. More than 30,000 have died since  the  beginning  of  the  war  on  drug  trafficking  in  2006,  almost  a quarter of those deaths occurring in Ciudad Juárez. Often repeti-tive,  urgent,  and  devastating,  The  Femicide  Machine  tells  a  story  of  extreme  capitalism  reshaping  territory  and  a  processual  state-form  fostering utterly inhumane machines&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Becoming Fugitive</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Carceral Space and Rancierian Politics</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Maryam Monalisa Gharavi</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>Northeastern University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The police regime is endowed with the power of ordering space. This text stands at the crossroads of space, policing, and visual percep-tion, as I articulate a Rancierean aesthetic dimension of the political and political dimension of the aesthetic. Jacques Rancière is a useful and  rich  source  for  this  tripartite  investigation  because  in  his  writ-ings, aesthetics is not only about art, and politics is not only about the state. Politics, as laid out in Disagreement, is that which always takes a stage and takes a theatrical formation, putting ‘two worlds in one world.’ This staging often overturns sense-making at the level of language alone, relying also on microlevels of sensation and sense-making  (we  inherited  the  word  ‘aesthetic’  from  the  Greek  aistheta‘perceptible  things’).  In  Dissensus, Rancière mentions to art works that focus on matters of space, territories, borders, wastelands, and other transient spaces, matters ‘that are crucial to today’s issues of power and community.’ To provide a framework to the concern with visibility and emancipatory politics, my bifocal reading takes into ac-count (1) the work of the police, seen in near vision, and (2) the work of politics, seen in distant vision&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The police regime is endowed with the power of ordering space. This text stands at the crossroads of space, policing, and visual percep-tion, as I articulate a Rancierean aesthetic dimension of the political and political dimension of the aesthetic. Jacques Rancière is a useful and  rich  source  for  this  tripartite  investigation  because  in  his  writ-ings, aesthetics is not only about art, and politics is not only about the state. Politics, as laid out in Disagreement, is that which always takes a stage and takes a theatrical formation, putting ‘two worlds in one world.’ This staging often overturns sense-making at the level of language alone, relying also on microlevels of sensation and sense-making  (we  inherited  the  word  ‘aesthetic’  from  the  Greek  aistheta‘perceptible  things’).  In  Dissensus, Rancière mentions to art works that focus on matters of space, territories, borders, wastelands, and other transient spaces, matters ‘that are crucial to today’s issues of power and community.’ To provide a framework to the concern with visibility and emancipatory politics, my bifocal reading takes into ac-count (1) the work of the police, seen in near vision, and (2) the work of politics, seen in distant vision&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">My Dear Francis...What Kind of Phoenix Will Arise From These Ashes?</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Nikolas Patsopoulos</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The recent developments in Tahrir Square in Egypt and the Indigna-dos in Spain followed by the London riots and the Syntagma Square uprising in Athens have forced me to revisit this quote. Albeit it is not mud anymore, in this fully “developed” corner of the world, but yel-lowish tear gas dust, just as the holes in the clothes have converted to  rips  from  excessive  police  violence.  Someone  might  ask,  why  is  it any different now? Protests and demonstrations have been occur-ring  non-stop,  well  after  the  “end  of  history”  had  been  declared  in  the beginning of the 90’s. Many of them are even more violent and oppressive than the ones I listed.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The recent developments in Tahrir Square in Egypt and the Indigna-dos in Spain followed by the London riots and the Syntagma Square uprising in Athens have forced me to revisit this quote. Albeit it is not mud anymore, in this fully “developed” corner of the world, but yel-lowish tear gas dust, just as the holes in the clothes have converted to  rips  from  excessive  police  violence.  Someone  might  ask,  why  is  it any different now? Protests and demonstrations have been occur-ring  non-stop,  well  after  the  “end  of  history”  had  been  declared  in  the beginning of the 90’s. Many of them are even more violent and oppressive than the ones I listed.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <PersonName>Patsopoulos, Nikolas</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Movement and Solidarity</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Zayd Sifri</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Momentous changes in the organization of society only occur infre-quently.  From  memorable  instances  of  thorough  upheaval,  social  movements  reap  the  fruit  of  the  past  and  cultivate  their  own  tradi-tions. In the recent past the comparison between Israel-Palestine and Apartheid  South  Africa  has  become  a  convenient  gambit  for  many  solidarity  activists  in  the  United  States  and  elsewhere.  There  are  countless reasons for the popularity of this specific example and of course it is not the only material activists rely upon. The South Afri-can struggle, however, has been underscored as a successful model for international solidarity with the ongoing anti-colonial battle in the Eastern Mediterranean. For evidence of this, we can look at how the term apartheid  has  almost  seamlessly  permeated  the  progressive  vocabulary for describing Israeli regime’s treatment of Palestinians in the West Bank and Gaza. Looking at Israel-Palestine solidarity through a South African prism offers insight into the actors, values, and politics involved in building a movement on an international play-ing field. Fundamental to an effective conceptualization of a global solidarity  model  is  the  inevitably  complex  relationship  between  lo-cal, Palestinian and Arab actors, and activists based primarily in the United States&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Momentous changes in the organization of society only occur infre-quently.  From  memorable  instances  of  thorough  upheaval,  social  movements  reap  the  fruit  of  the  past  and  cultivate  their  own  tradi-tions. In the recent past the comparison between Israel-Palestine and Apartheid  South  Africa  has  become  a  convenient  gambit  for  many  solidarity  activists  in  the  United  States  and  elsewhere.  There  are  countless reasons for the popularity of this specific example and of course it is not the only material activists rely upon. The South Afri-can struggle, however, has been underscored as a successful model for international solidarity with the ongoing anti-colonial battle in the Eastern Mediterranean. For evidence of this, we can look at how the term apartheid  has  almost  seamlessly  permeated  the  progressive  vocabulary for describing Israeli regime’s treatment of Palestinians in the West Bank and Gaza. Looking at Israel-Palestine solidarity through a South African prism offers insight into the actors, values, and politics involved in building a movement on an international play-ing field. Fundamental to an effective conceptualization of a global solidarity  model  is  the  inevitably  complex  relationship  between  lo-cal, Palestinian and Arab actors, and activists based primarily in the United States&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Sifri, Zayd</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Open Stacks</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Liduam Pong</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The banned book was carefully wrapped in Canson gray paper, which had a subtle relief of horizontal lines. Because it was surrounded by a few decoy books published in the DDR, and tucked away in a small shelf in my parents’ room, itself tucked away in the mezzanine level of a minuscule apartment in Havana, it was easy to miss it entirely, unless you were a twelve-year-old with literary ambitions. I knew there was something special about this particular book because it was not downstairs  with  the  others,  because  it  looked  and  smelled  foreign,  and because my mother had told me I was not allowed to read it. All I knew about it was its mysterious title: 1984. I liked to imagine that in its forbidden pages one could find ancient prophecies for our city for that year, which had just passed not that long ago, or maybe for the entire island, perhaps the universe. One morning, when I had finally mustered the courage to steal it from its spot, I was disappointed to discover  that  it  had  disappeared.  From  that  moment  on,  whenever  we  would  visit  anyone’s  house,  I  made  a  habit  of  inspecting  their  personal  libraries  looking  for  these  mysterious  annuals  —  secretly  hoping for 2000, and a glimpse into the distant future — but I never found any such books.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The banned book was carefully wrapped in Canson gray paper, which had a subtle relief of horizontal lines. Because it was surrounded by a few decoy books published in the DDR, and tucked away in a small shelf in my parents’ room, itself tucked away in the mezzanine level of a minuscule apartment in Havana, it was easy to miss it entirely, unless you were a twelve-year-old with literary ambitions. I knew there was something special about this particular book because it was not downstairs  with  the  others,  because  it  looked  and  smelled  foreign,  and because my mother had told me I was not allowed to read it. All I knew about it was its mysterious title: 1984. I liked to imagine that in its forbidden pages one could find ancient prophecies for our city for that year, which had just passed not that long ago, or maybe for the entire island, perhaps the universe. One morning, when I had finally mustered the courage to steal it from its spot, I was disappointed to discover  that  it  had  disappeared.  From  that  moment  on,  whenever  we  would  visit  anyone’s  house,  I  made  a  habit  of  inspecting  their  personal  libraries  looking  for  these  mysterious  annuals  —  secretly  hoping for 2000, and a glimpse into the distant future — but I never found any such books.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Pong, Liduam</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">A Visit to the Old City of Hebron</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Raja Shehadeh</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In the 1980s when I was still involved in defending land expropriation cases before Israeli courts, I used to make weekly trips to Hebron. I would leave Ramallah at eight in the morning and be in Hebron by nine.  Now  it  is  a  different  story.  Only  Israelis  can  get  from  Jerusa-lem to Hebron in fifteen minutes driving through two tunnels dug in the hill underneath the Palestinian city of Beit Jalla. Palestinians are barred from these. They have to circle around expanded Jerusalem going  through Wadi Al Nar (the wadi of Fire) where they have to wait for hours at one of the notorious army barriers, called the Container Checkpoint.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In the 1980s when I was still involved in defending land expropriation cases before Israeli courts, I used to make weekly trips to Hebron. I would leave Ramallah at eight in the morning and be in Hebron by nine.  Now  it  is  a  different  story.  Only  Israelis  can  get  from  Jerusa-lem to Hebron in fifteen minutes driving through two tunnels dug in the hill underneath the Palestinian city of Beit Jalla. Palestinians are barred from these. They have to circle around expanded Jerusalem going  through Wadi Al Nar (the wadi of Fire) where they have to wait for hours at one of the notorious army barriers, called the Container Checkpoint.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <PersonName>Shehadeh, Raja</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Lahore's Architecture Of In/ Security</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Sadia Shirazi</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>Cornell University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Lahore today looks like a city at war. One of the greatest unacknowl-edged casualties of the United States’ “war on terror” has been the cities — and citizenry — of Pakistan. The US invaded Afghanistan in  2001  to  oust  the  Taliban  from  power  in  response  to  the  terrorist  attacks on the World Trade Center.1    In  1985,  sixteen  years  prior,  President Ronald Reagan equated the Taliban mujahideen who had defeated  the  Soviet’s  in  Afghanistan  with  “the  moral  equivalent  of  America’s founding fathers.”2 This presidential stance has obviously changed  since.  In  2008  the  US  committed  another  surge  of  troops  to  Afghanistan  due  to  the  continued  presence  of  the  Taliban  in  the  region. Pakistani military operations were waged in parallel in the Northwest regions of the country bordering Afghanistan. Since then, Pakistan has seen a particularly stark backlash within its borders as a response to its continued collaboration with its close ally.3  Militants within Pakistan have retaliated by targeting police and security sites in cities throughout the country. Lahore is just one unsung casualty of 67the war that links Lahore and New York City across disparate geog-raphies, through the legacy of US policy and Pakistani collaboration during the Cold War.4 As Eqbal Ahmed presciently said: “These are the chickens of the Afghanistan war coming home to roost.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Lahore today looks like a city at war. One of the greatest unacknowl-edged casualties of the United States’ “war on terror” has been the cities — and citizenry — of Pakistan. The US invaded Afghanistan in  2001  to  oust  the  Taliban  from  power  in  response  to  the  terrorist  attacks on the World Trade Center.1    In  1985,  sixteen  years  prior,  President Ronald Reagan equated the Taliban mujahideen who had defeated  the  Soviet’s  in  Afghanistan  with  “the  moral  equivalent  of  America’s founding fathers.”2 This presidential stance has obviously changed  since.  In  2008  the  US  committed  another  surge  of  troops  to  Afghanistan  due  to  the  continued  presence  of  the  Taliban  in  the  region. Pakistani military operations were waged in parallel in the Northwest regions of the country bordering Afghanistan. Since then, Pakistan has seen a particularly stark backlash within its borders as a response to its continued collaboration with its close ally.3  Militants within Pakistan have retaliated by targeting police and security sites in cities throughout the country. Lahore is just one unsung casualty of 67the war that links Lahore and New York City across disparate geog-raphies, through the legacy of US policy and Pakistani collaboration during the Cold War.4 As Eqbal Ahmed presciently said: “These are the chickens of the Afghanistan war coming home to roost.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Shirazi, Sadia</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Ruin Machine</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Bryan Finoki</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The contemporary ruin today — in all its incarnations (from the aban-doned auto factories in Michigan to the World Trade Centers’ foot-print in NYC, Saddam Hussein’s elegant compounds in Baghdad that have since been converted into temporary barracks for the U.S. military — or from the vacant half-constructed towers in Dubai to the one billion squatters around the world who live in a different kind of recycled ruin, just to name a few) — hints at a spectrum of different spatial configurations of power that offer a kind of forensic evidence of not only neoliberalization’s false claim of flattening the playing field of  economic  opportunity  around  the  world,  but  of  the  ongoing  fail-ures  in  our  social  and  political  institutions  themselves  ,which  have  taken  to  a  strategy  of  secrecy  and  deception  in  order  to  wage  not  just a War on Crime, Poverty, Drugs, Illegal Immigration, or Terror-ism, but what I see as a War on Space itself — ruin on a brand new, unprecedented scale&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The contemporary ruin today — in all its incarnations (from the aban-doned auto factories in Michigan to the World Trade Centers’ foot-print in NYC, Saddam Hussein’s elegant compounds in Baghdad that have since been converted into temporary barracks for the U.S. military — or from the vacant half-constructed towers in Dubai to the one billion squatters around the world who live in a different kind of recycled ruin, just to name a few) — hints at a spectrum of different spatial configurations of power that offer a kind of forensic evidence of not only neoliberalization’s false claim of flattening the playing field of  economic  opportunity  around  the  world,  but  of  the  ongoing  fail-ures  in  our  social  and  political  institutions  themselves  ,which  have  taken  to  a  strategy  of  secrecy  and  deception  in  order  to  wage  not  just a War on Crime, Poverty, Drugs, Illegal Immigration, or Terror-ism, but what I see as a War on Space itself — ruin on a brand new, unprecedented scale&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Finoki, Bryan </PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">The Textual-Sonic Landscape of Jacques Perret's Des Fortifications Et Ertifices</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Morgan Ng</PersonName>
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              <AffiliationIDType>40</AffiliationIDType>
              <IDValue>03vek6s52</IDValue>
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            <Affiliation>Harvard University</Affiliation>
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          <LanguageCode>eng</LanguageCode>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;It’s exciting to contribute to the dialogue here because, despite our divergent  historical  interests,  I  feel  a  strong  intellectual  kinship  with  the editor of this blog. Rendered in striking graphic form and rife with modernist literary references, the editor’s recent design research on architecture in the West Bank explores the full range of oppressive and emancipatory potentials in an aesthetics of militarization. We must of course heed the warning (pace Baudrillard) that an aestheti-cization of war runs the risk of dulling the senses to the reality of vio-lence. Yet it’s equally disempowering, especially for the disempow-ered, to reduce this violence to the mechanics of technical reason. War from the beginning is aesthetic: for the complicit it’s mediated by political propaganda; for the traumatized victim, it’s fought on a psychological, as well as a physical, battlefield. If our poetic relation to war forms our escapist habits, I believe it also bears the potential to catalyze emancipatory action.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;It’s exciting to contribute to the dialogue here because, despite our divergent  historical  interests,  I  feel  a  strong  intellectual  kinship  with  the editor of this blog. Rendered in striking graphic form and rife with modernist literary references, the editor’s recent design research on architecture in the West Bank explores the full range of oppressive and emancipatory potentials in an aesthetics of militarization. We must of course heed the warning (pace Baudrillard) that an aestheti-cization of war runs the risk of dulling the senses to the reality of vio-lence. Yet it’s equally disempowering, especially for the disempow-ered, to reduce this violence to the mechanics of technical reason. War from the beginning is aesthetic: for the complicit it’s mediated by political propaganda; for the traumatized victim, it’s fought on a psychological, as well as a physical, battlefield. If our poetic relation to war forms our escapist habits, I believe it also bears the potential to catalyze emancipatory action.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <ContentAudience>00</ContentAudience>
          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Ng, Morgan</PersonName>
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          <TitleType>01</TitleType>
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            <TitleElementLevel>01</TitleElementLevel>
            <TitleText language="eng">Mapping Intervals</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Towards an Emancipated Cartography</Subtitle>
          </TitleElement>
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          <PersonName>Nora Akawi</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Nora</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Akawi</KeyNames>
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              <AffiliationIDType>40</AffiliationIDType>
              <IDValue>00hj8s172</IDValue>
            </AffiliationIdentifier>
            <Affiliation>Columbia University</Affiliation>
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          <LanguageCode>eng</LanguageCode>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The map as a tool for domination is the visual inscription of a seam-less story for a specific group of people sharing specific character-istics.  It  represents  their  history,  knowledge  and  claims  for  control  within a territory with specific borders.So what is a map as a tool for liberation?That  would  be  a  visual  representation  of  and  by  a  multiplicity  of  publics. It would represent their history, experience, knowledge and imaginaries of and within a shared space. Multiplicity entails rup-tures. Within those ruptures lies the possibility for democratic spatial representation and organization. This tool is not to be confused with tools for negotiations. This is a public platform for the collective for-mation,  aggregation  and  dissemination  of  public  opinions.  Nor  is  this a practice of counter-mapping, as it doesn’t consist of building upon an initial map for developing its counter-product.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The map as a tool for domination is the visual inscription of a seam-less story for a specific group of people sharing specific character-istics.  It  represents  their  history,  knowledge  and  claims  for  control  within a territory with specific borders.So what is a map as a tool for liberation?That  would  be  a  visual  representation  of  and  by  a  multiplicity  of  publics. It would represent their history, experience, knowledge and imaginaries of and within a shared space. Multiplicity entails rup-tures. Within those ruptures lies the possibility for democratic spatial representation and organization. This tool is not to be confused with tools for negotiations. This is a public platform for the collective for-mation,  aggregation  and  dissemination  of  public  opinions.  Nor  is  this a practice of counter-mapping, as it doesn’t consist of building upon an initial map for developing its counter-product.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <ContentAudience>00</ContentAudience>
          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Akawi, Nora</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">The Funambulist Atmosphere</TitleText>
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          <NameIdentifier>
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          <PersonName>Andreas Philippopoulos-Mihalopoulos</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Andreas</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Philippopoulos-Mihalopoulos</KeyNames>
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            <AffiliationIdentifier>
              <AffiliationIDType>40</AffiliationIDType>
              <IDValue>04ycpbx82</IDValue>
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            <Affiliation>University of Westminster</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Funambulist  bodies  move  about,  careful  not  to  fall  into  each  other,  mindful of the drop below, pulsating along the tension of the ropes beneath.  Bodies  construct  atmosphere  on  the  arch  of  their  move-ment. Atmosphere constructs bodies between its folds. On one hand are atmospheres of tension or rest, engineered or emergent, prom-ised or promising. On the other hand are bodies of flesh as well as discourse, materialities that keep on fluctuating between the abstract and the concrete, bodies of human tissue, of technology, of animal-ity, vegetable bodies whose roots extend to my feet. Where am I? The installations of Tomas Saraceno can help as a visual aid for what I mean by atmosphere. Constellations of tension, bubbles that burst with  an  excess  of  lines,  water,  vegetation,  animality,  humanity,  and  air  space  are  defined  by  the  ethereal  claustrophobia  of  openness,  trammeled by lines on which the funambulists of the world circulate. How to get away from the lines, if not on other lines? And then, small deaths along the way: like the realization that the line is one, and however far you walk, you cannot escape it.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Funambulist  bodies  move  about,  careful  not  to  fall  into  each  other,  mindful of the drop below, pulsating along the tension of the ropes beneath.  Bodies  construct  atmosphere  on  the  arch  of  their  move-ment. Atmosphere constructs bodies between its folds. On one hand are atmospheres of tension or rest, engineered or emergent, prom-ised or promising. On the other hand are bodies of flesh as well as discourse, materialities that keep on fluctuating between the abstract and the concrete, bodies of human tissue, of technology, of animal-ity, vegetable bodies whose roots extend to my feet. Where am I? The installations of Tomas Saraceno can help as a visual aid for what I mean by atmosphere. Constellations of tension, bubbles that burst with  an  excess  of  lines,  water,  vegetation,  animality,  humanity,  and  air  space  are  defined  by  the  ethereal  claustrophobia  of  openness,  trammeled by lines on which the funambulists of the world circulate. How to get away from the lines, if not on other lines? And then, small deaths along the way: like the realization that the line is one, and however far you walk, you cannot escape it.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <ContentAudience>00</ContentAudience>
          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Philippopoulos-Mihalopoulos, Andreas</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Apian Semantics</TitleText>
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          <ContributorRole>A01</ContributorRole>
          <PersonName>Matthew Clements</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Matthew</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Clements</KeyNames>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Late in the second part of Samuel Beckett’s novel, Jacques Moran’s thoughts turn to his bees. Having given up his pursuit of Molloy and on the verge of returning home, Moran confesses:I often thought of my bees [...] And I thought above all of their dance,  for  my  bees  danced  oh  not  as  men  dance,  to  amuse  themselves, but in a different way. I alone of all mankind knew this,  to  the  best  of  my  belief.  I  had  investigated  this  phenom-enon very fully. The dance was best to be observed among the bees returning to the hive, laden more or less with nectar, and it involved a great variety of figures and rhythms. These evolu-tions  I  finally  interpreted  as  a  system  of  signals  by  means  of  which incoming bees, satisfied or dissatisfied with their plunder, informed the outgoing bees in what direction to go, and in what not to go. But the outgoing bees danced too. It was no doubt their way of saying I understand, or, Don’t worry about me. But away from the hive, and busily at work, the bees did not dance. Here their watchword seemed to be, Every man for himself, as-suming bees to be capable of such notions&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Late in the second part of Samuel Beckett’s novel, Jacques Moran’s thoughts turn to his bees. Having given up his pursuit of Molloy and on the verge of returning home, Moran confesses:I often thought of my bees [...] And I thought above all of their dance,  for  my  bees  danced  oh  not  as  men  dance,  to  amuse  themselves, but in a different way. I alone of all mankind knew this,  to  the  best  of  my  belief.  I  had  investigated  this  phenom-enon very fully. The dance was best to be observed among the bees returning to the hive, laden more or less with nectar, and it involved a great variety of figures and rhythms. These evolu-tions  I  finally  interpreted  as  a  system  of  signals  by  means  of  which incoming bees, satisfied or dissatisfied with their plunder, informed the outgoing bees in what direction to go, and in what not to go. But the outgoing bees danced too. It was no doubt their way of saying I understand, or, Don’t worry about me. But away from the hive, and busily at work, the bees did not dance. Here their watchword seemed to be, Every man for himself, as-suming bees to be capable of such notions&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <ContentAudience>00</ContentAudience>
          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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          <CopyrightOwner>
            <PersonName>Clements, Matthew</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Dissolving Minds and Bodies</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Hiroko Nakatani</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Hiroko</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Nakatani</KeyNames>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In  this  short  essay,  I  willconnect  scientists  from  five  fields  through  Spinoza’s concept of mind and body in order to reveal the impor-tance of the body, especially in relation to spatial design. Spinoza’s philosophy states that body and mind exist in parallel with each oth-er. Spinoza says that without perception through the body there is no mind, and that this limited mind contained in a body, with skin as its  boundary,  is  part  of  the  infinite  intellect.  In  turn,  the  infinite  intel-lect allows individuals to explore thinking what one experiences with one’s body. Biochemist, Rudolph Schoenheimer (1889-1942) focused on the es-sential role of the body in providing input for the mind, what he called “dynamic state of body constituents.” His experiment consisted in feeding amino acid-marked food to adult mice. After three days, he found  that  the  mice’s  excretions  were  almost  entirely  non-marked  materials. The marked materials were found inside the body. What it  says  is  that,  very  quickly,  food  became  part  of  mice’s  body  and  also that some part of the body became waste. 98% of our body’s matter changes in one year. Materially, we are the same as the food we had today, as dynamic as water that travels from the body to the river, to an other animal’s body and so on. Our body is continuously changing, dissolving and taking part in the material world. Although there are different scales of time in its process, the principle of con-tinuous flow is the same in the entire living/non-living world, whether at a peak in the desert or in the chair where you are sitting right now. To see it from Spinoza’s view, perception through body is an exten-sion of mind. What if we take into account that the mind now keeps changing its components, as an infinite cycle of material recompos-es into the infinite intellect?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In  this  short  essay,  I  willconnect  scientists  from  five  fields  through  Spinoza’s concept of mind and body in order to reveal the impor-tance of the body, especially in relation to spatial design. Spinoza’s philosophy states that body and mind exist in parallel with each oth-er. Spinoza says that without perception through the body there is no mind, and that this limited mind contained in a body, with skin as its  boundary,  is  part  of  the  infinite  intellect.  In  turn,  the  infinite  intel-lect allows individuals to explore thinking what one experiences with one’s body. Biochemist, Rudolph Schoenheimer (1889-1942) focused on the es-sential role of the body in providing input for the mind, what he called “dynamic state of body constituents.” His experiment consisted in feeding amino acid-marked food to adult mice. After three days, he found  that  the  mice’s  excretions  were  almost  entirely  non-marked  materials. The marked materials were found inside the body. What it  says  is  that,  very  quickly,  food  became  part  of  mice’s  body  and  also that some part of the body became waste. 98% of our body’s matter changes in one year. Materially, we are the same as the food we had today, as dynamic as water that travels from the body to the river, to an other animal’s body and so on. Our body is continuously changing, dissolving and taking part in the material world. Although there are different scales of time in its process, the principle of con-tinuous flow is the same in the entire living/non-living world, whether at a peak in the desert or in the chair where you are sitting right now. To see it from Spinoza’s view, perception through body is an exten-sion of mind. What if we take into account that the mind now keeps changing its components, as an infinite cycle of material recompos-es into the infinite intellect?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <PersonName>Nakatani, Hiroko</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Thoughts on Meta-Virtual Solipsism</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Fredrik Hellberg</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;INT. LIFE EXTENSION OFFICE  - DAYDavid Aames and McCabe sit and wait in a warm wood-pan-eled  office,  proposals  in  hand.  A  glimpse  shows  words  like  ‘re-evolve’  and  ‘re-experience’,  peppered  with  colorful  photos  of simple, life-affirming portraits of everyday life. It’s a well-ap-pointed, well-marketed organization.McCabe regards David as the victim of a lunatic’s scam.Injustice fuels McCabe.DEARBORNThe DNA codes of the human body have been broken. Soon, heart ailments, cancer and so much more will be a thing of the past. Very simply: your anguish, your discontent... even your death is no longer necessary in a traditional sense. Whatever malady hides behind that mask is temporary.She looks directly at David and it stirs him. McCabe studies her and the operation. He thirsts for clues. David flips through the folder—toward  the  back,  a  panel  of  photos  of  storage  tanks.  Lavishly and warmly photographed, just like next year’s cars in a magazine&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;INT. LIFE EXTENSION OFFICE  - DAYDavid Aames and McCabe sit and wait in a warm wood-pan-eled  office,  proposals  in  hand.  A  glimpse  shows  words  like  ‘re-evolve’  and  ‘re-experience’,  peppered  with  colorful  photos  of simple, life-affirming portraits of everyday life. It’s a well-ap-pointed, well-marketed organization.McCabe regards David as the victim of a lunatic’s scam.Injustice fuels McCabe.DEARBORNThe DNA codes of the human body have been broken. Soon, heart ailments, cancer and so much more will be a thing of the past. Very simply: your anguish, your discontent... even your death is no longer necessary in a traditional sense. Whatever malady hides behind that mask is temporary.She looks directly at David and it stirs him. McCabe studies her and the operation. He thirsts for clues. David flips through the folder—toward  the  back,  a  panel  of  photos  of  storage  tanks.  Lavishly and warmly photographed, just like next year’s cars in a magazine&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Hellberg, Fredrik</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Old Media's Ressurection</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Linnéa Hussein</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Linnéa</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Hussein</KeyNames>
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              <AffiliationIDType>40</AffiliationIDType>
              <IDValue>01hpqfm28</IDValue>
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            <Affiliation>Connecticut College</Affiliation>
          </ProfessionalAffiliation>
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            <AffiliationIdentifier>
              <AffiliationIDType>40</AffiliationIDType>
              <IDValue>0190ak572</IDValue>
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            <Affiliation>New York University</Affiliation>
          </ProfessionalAffiliation>
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          <LanguageCode>eng</LanguageCode>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In October 2011 The New York Times published an article on the re-vival of the VHS tape in the horror film genre.1 What makes these so-called neo-VHS tapes different from their outdated VHS companions is the fact that their role transformed from technical to aesthetic. En-tire  magazines, such as Lunchmeat and Fangoria, are devoted to the subject of VHS now. For these horror fans, neo-VHS is not preferred for functional reasons, but because the grainy picture quality — the signs of usage that caused DVD and BluRay to replace VHS in the first place — became an indispensable trope for the bad horror film genre. Laura U. Marks (Simon Fraser University) talks about a similar notion of old media recycling when writing about The Color of Love:It seems that the real erotic activity...is not between the actors but in the game with death taking place on the surface of the film...the  film’s  emulsion  flowers  and  evaporates,  giving  itself  up to bliss and death&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In October 2011 The New York Times published an article on the re-vival of the VHS tape in the horror film genre.1 What makes these so-called neo-VHS tapes different from their outdated VHS companions is the fact that their role transformed from technical to aesthetic. En-tire  magazines, such as Lunchmeat and Fangoria, are devoted to the subject of VHS now. For these horror fans, neo-VHS is not preferred for functional reasons, but because the grainy picture quality — the signs of usage that caused DVD and BluRay to replace VHS in the first place — became an indispensable trope for the bad horror film genre. Laura U. Marks (Simon Fraser University) talks about a similar notion of old media recycling when writing about The Color of Love:It seems that the real erotic activity...is not between the actors but in the game with death taking place on the surface of the film...the  film’s  emulsion  flowers  and  evaporates,  giving  itself  up to bliss and death&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Hussein, Linnéa</PersonName>
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        <TitleDetail>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Cinematic Catalysts</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Contempt + Casa Malaparte</Subtitle>
          </TitleElement>
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          <ContributorRole>A01</ContributorRole>
          <PersonName>Danielle Willems</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Danielle</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Willems</KeyNames>
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              <AffiliationIDType>40</AffiliationIDType>
              <IDValue>00hj8s172</IDValue>
            </AffiliationIdentifier>
            <Affiliation>Columbia University</Affiliation>
          </ProfessionalAffiliation>
          <ProfessionalAffiliation>
            <AffiliationIdentifier>
              <AffiliationIDType>40</AffiliationIDType>
              <IDValue>00b30xv10</IDValue>
            </AffiliationIdentifier>
            <Affiliation>University of Pennsylvania</Affiliation>
          </ProfessionalAffiliation>
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          <LanguageCode>eng</LanguageCode>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;There  is  no  question  that  at  this  point  in  time  we  view  the  world  through the cinematic lens. The way we move and perceive space, time and the landscape is most certainly through this lens. How can this  method  be  harnessed  to  become  a  methodology  that  is  gen-erative rather than just representational? Can this method be de-veloped  through  a  narrative  feeding  back  onto  the  form  expanding  and creating space and time around the sequence of events? This case study of Casa Malaparte has its own interesting story as well as  the  many  events  and  narratives  that  weave  themselves  through  and around this space. The film Le Mépris (Contempt) produced in 1963 is certainly one of Godard’s most seductive productions. The main event or catalyzing moment between the two characters in the film  is  solidified  through  the  formal  performance  of  the  architecture  of Casa Malaparte. This catalyzing moment will become the focus of this essay, and will attempt to investigate the series of memories surrounding and forming this exceptional house.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;There  is  no  question  that  at  this  point  in  time  we  view  the  world  through the cinematic lens. The way we move and perceive space, time and the landscape is most certainly through this lens. How can this  method  be  harnessed  to  become  a  methodology  that  is  gen-erative rather than just representational? Can this method be de-veloped  through  a  narrative  feeding  back  onto  the  form  expanding  and creating space and time around the sequence of events? This case study of Casa Malaparte has its own interesting story as well as  the  many  events  and  narratives  that  weave  themselves  through  and around this space. The film Le Mépris (Contempt) produced in 1963 is certainly one of Godard’s most seductive productions. The main event or catalyzing moment between the two characters in the film  is  solidified  through  the  formal  performance  of  the  architecture  of Casa Malaparte. This catalyzing moment will become the focus of this essay, and will attempt to investigate the series of memories surrounding and forming this exceptional house.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <ContentAudience>00</ContentAudience>
          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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          <CopyrightOwner>
            <PersonName>Willems, Danielle</PersonName>
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        <TitleDetail>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Off the Grid Left Out and Over</TitleText>
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          <ContributorRole>A01</ContributorRole>
          <PersonName>Carl Douglas</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Carl</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Douglas</KeyNames>
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            <Affiliation>Auckland University of Technology</Affiliation>
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          <LanguageCode>eng</LanguageCode>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In James Graham Ballard’s novella Concrete Island, architect Robert Maitland crashes his Jaguar over a motorway embankment onto a traffic  island,  a  thin  triangle  of  waste  ground  two  hundred  meters  long.1 Here, in a parody of Robinson Crusoe, he finds himself ma-rooned: His jacket and trousers were stained with sweat, mud and en-gine grease. Few drivers, even if they did notice him, would be eager to give him a lift. Besides, it would be almost impossible to slow down here and stop. The pressure of the following traf-fic,  free  at  last  from  the  long  tail-backs  that  always  blocked  the Westway interchange during the rush hour, forced them on relentlessly. The fast-flowing arms of the motorway continue to operate perfectly, ensuring the rapid movement of bodies and objects; but their opera-tion is inaccessible to Maitland. Immobilized by the infrastructure of mobility, he has not simply exited urban life, he has slipped off the grid while remaining firmly within its network of effects.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <ContentAudience>00</ContentAudience>
          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In James Graham Ballard’s novella Concrete Island, architect Robert Maitland crashes his Jaguar over a motorway embankment onto a traffic  island,  a  thin  triangle  of  waste  ground  two  hundred  meters  long.1 Here, in a parody of Robinson Crusoe, he finds himself ma-rooned: His jacket and trousers were stained with sweat, mud and en-gine grease. Few drivers, even if they did notice him, would be eager to give him a lift. Besides, it would be almost impossible to slow down here and stop. The pressure of the following traf-fic,  free  at  last  from  the  long  tail-backs  that  always  blocked  the Westway interchange during the rush hour, forced them on relentlessly. The fast-flowing arms of the motorway continue to operate perfectly, ensuring the rapid movement of bodies and objects; but their opera-tion is inaccessible to Maitland. Immobilized by the infrastructure of mobility, he has not simply exited urban life, he has slipped off the grid while remaining firmly within its network of effects.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <ContentAudience>00</ContentAudience>
          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Douglas, Carl</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Transcendent Delusion Or; The Dangerous Free Spaces of Phillip K. Dick</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Martin Byrne</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Martin</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Byrne</KeyNames>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;You  find  yourself  walking  through  a  long  dusty  corridor  in  a  dank  building  sometime  in  the  late  afternoon.  The  doors  to  nearly  every  room have long since fallen in, letting pale shafts of light mingle with dust and paper; assorted debris whirls about in lazy semi-circles as  you  pass  quietly  by.  There  are  no  lights  apart  from  the  fading  sun; there is no sound except for the slow pacing of your own feet and  the  idle  mixed  thoughts  that  bounce  from  left  to  right  in  your  head. The further you walk down the corridor, the more overwhelm-ing  your  sense  of  isolation  becomes.  Through  each  doorway  you  see  rooms  that  have  been  long  forgotten  —  weeds  sprouting  from  moldy ephemera in the foreground and a long view out of the bro-ken floor-to-ceiling windows beyond. Each frame you pass in steady syncopation  offers  a  glimpse  of  what  seems  to  be  an  encroaching  desert.  Shifting piles of dust cover in fits and starts the remains of a world that you never found entirely familiar to begin with.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;You  find  yourself  walking  through  a  long  dusty  corridor  in  a  dank  building  sometime  in  the  late  afternoon.  The  doors  to  nearly  every  room have long since fallen in, letting pale shafts of light mingle with dust and paper; assorted debris whirls about in lazy semi-circles as  you  pass  quietly  by.  There  are  no  lights  apart  from  the  fading  sun; there is no sound except for the slow pacing of your own feet and  the  idle  mixed  thoughts  that  bounce  from  left  to  right  in  your  head. The further you walk down the corridor, the more overwhelm-ing  your  sense  of  isolation  becomes.  Through  each  doorway  you  see  rooms  that  have  been  long  forgotten  —  weeds  sprouting  from  moldy ephemera in the foreground and a long view out of the bro-ken floor-to-ceiling windows beyond. Each frame you pass in steady syncopation  offers  a  glimpse  of  what  seems  to  be  an  encroaching  desert.  Shifting piles of dust cover in fits and starts the remains of a world that you never found entirely familiar to begin with.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <ContentAudience>00</ContentAudience>
          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Byrne, Martin</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">The Possible World of Architecture</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Claire Jamieson</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Claire</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Jamieson</KeyNames>
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              <AffiliationIDType>40</AffiliationIDType>
              <IDValue>00ae33288</IDValue>
            </AffiliationIdentifier>
            <Affiliation>London Metropolitan University</Affiliation>
          </ProfessionalAffiliation>
        </Contributor>
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          <LanguageCode>eng</LanguageCode>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;We  are  natural  storytellers.  It  is  highly  likely  that  our  storytelling abilities evolved with language and human culture, and that there is something in our very nature that compels us to communicate using stories.2  Some  have  even  gone  so  far  as  to  suggest  that  language  evolved  as  a  response  to  the  need  to  tell  stories.3 The justification for  this  lies  in  the  notion  that  a  story  or  narrative  is,  in  essence,  a  construction  of  the  mind,  and  thus  requires  the  complex  qualities  of  language  to  communicate  it  —  being  that  it  is  not  sensory.    But  what constitutes a story, and what gives language primacy over oth-er  modes  of  representation,  such  as  the  visual,  in  communicating  them?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;We  are  natural  storytellers.  It  is  highly  likely  that  our  storytelling abilities evolved with language and human culture, and that there is something in our very nature that compels us to communicate using stories.2  Some  have  even  gone  so  far  as  to  suggest  that  language  evolved  as  a  response  to  the  need  to  tell  stories.3 The justification for  this  lies  in  the  notion  that  a  story  or  narrative  is,  in  essence,  a  construction  of  the  mind,  and  thus  requires  the  complex  qualities  of  language  to  communicate  it  —  being  that  it  is  not  sensory.    But  what constitutes a story, and what gives language primacy over oth-er  modes  of  representation,  such  as  the  visual,  in  communicating  them?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Pet Architecture</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Human's Best Friend</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Carla Leitão</PersonName>
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              <IDValue>01rtyzb94</IDValue>
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            <Affiliation>Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Characters like Animal from the Muppet show (a creation by Jim Hen-son) are often illustrations through which we can talk about the quali-ties of the wild, the feral and the natural, in contrast to that which is artificial  or  built,  the  man-made.  This  article,  however,  would  like  to  focus on the chain.‘Animal,’  the  character,  offers  the  comic  emerging  out  of  the  usual  play between sophistication and calling, which can define the figure of the invited wild. The sophistication of the chained animal (who is a great musician) plays with the figure of drummers and their often cli-ched position in a band—there are jokes in the music world that refer to the drummer as that member who can have less ‘musical educa-tion’  than  the  other  players  (unfair,  surely).  Obsession  with  playing  often puts Animal in trances that ultimately reveal all dimensions at once, including narratives that are confusing about their actual spe-cies—quite often that Animal’s solos end up with two mental health nurses  catching  him  with  a  butterfly  net  to  take  him  off  stage,  and  suggestively, to some kind of ‘other place.’ Animal, however, is glad to be in his chain and this way be able to play the drums in the com-panion of the other ‘more human’ animals. The unused chain, surely, contains a wilder Animal than his behavior can ever become.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Characters like Animal from the Muppet show (a creation by Jim Hen-son) are often illustrations through which we can talk about the quali-ties of the wild, the feral and the natural, in contrast to that which is artificial  or  built,  the  man-made.  This  article,  however,  would  like  to  focus on the chain.‘Animal,’  the  character,  offers  the  comic  emerging  out  of  the  usual  play between sophistication and calling, which can define the figure of the invited wild. The sophistication of the chained animal (who is a great musician) plays with the figure of drummers and their often cli-ched position in a band—there are jokes in the music world that refer to the drummer as that member who can have less ‘musical educa-tion’  than  the  other  players  (unfair,  surely).  Obsession  with  playing  often puts Animal in trances that ultimately reveal all dimensions at once, including narratives that are confusing about their actual spe-cies—quite often that Animal’s solos end up with two mental health nurses  catching  him  with  a  butterfly  net  to  take  him  off  stage,  and  suggestively, to some kind of ‘other place.’ Animal, however, is glad to be in his chain and this way be able to play the drums in the com-panion of the other ‘more human’ animals. The unused chain, surely, contains a wilder Animal than his behavior can ever become.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <PersonName>Leitão, Carla</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Bread and CIrcus</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Agorae Vs Arenas</Subtitle>
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          <ContributorRole>A01</ContributorRole>
          <PersonName>Eduardo McIntosh</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Eduardo</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>McIntosh</KeyNames>
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              <AffiliationIDType>40</AffiliationIDType>
              <IDValue>00hj8s172</IDValue>
            </AffiliationIdentifier>
            <Affiliation>Columbia University</Affiliation>
          </ProfessionalAffiliation>
          <ProfessionalAffiliation>
            <AffiliationIdentifier>
              <AffiliationIDType>40</AffiliationIDType>
              <IDValue>00t67pt25</IDValue>
            </AffiliationIdentifier>
            <Affiliation>Birmingham City University</Affiliation>
          </ProfessionalAffiliation>
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          <LanguageCode>eng</LanguageCode>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The  aim  of  any  piece  of  writing  is  almost  always  to  be  read  by  as  many  people  as  possible,  to  be  an  instrument  to  spread  an  idea.  Nevertheless,  since  the  times  we  live  in  influence  us  to  disregard  anything that doesn’t offer a good rate of effort/reward form the on-set, I will start this piece by telling a little bit of academic related gos-sip, as sometimes it seems like the trivial is for some of us the most significant.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The  aim  of  any  piece  of  writing  is  almost  always  to  be  read  by  as  many  people  as  possible,  to  be  an  instrument  to  spread  an  idea.  Nevertheless,  since  the  times  we  live  in  influence  us  to  disregard  anything that doesn’t offer a good rate of effort/reward form the on-set, I will start this piece by telling a little bit of academic related gos-sip, as sometimes it seems like the trivial is for some of us the most significant.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>McIntosh, Eduardo</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Motion Architecture</TitleText>
          </TitleElement>
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          <ContributorRole>A01</ContributorRole>
          <PersonName>Oliviu Lugojan-Ghenciu</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Oliviu</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Lugojan-Ghenciu</KeyNames>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Analyzing  Eadweard  Muybridge’s  work  and  Vladimir  Veličković’s painted motion studies would offer a too-easy way to find a relation-ship between the still objects of architecture and the dynamics of motion. Jean-Luc Godard is also waiting to be taken apart from this perspective, just as is Bruno Zevi’s idea of archiving space through cinematographic methods. Rem Koolhaas is known for his transition from film to architecture. Why is there such a brotherhood between film and architecture? Maybe it is because they share the common idea of assembling building blocks in order to build something that is more than just the  sum  of  its  elements.  The  concept  to  be  proposed  has  little  to  do with these remarkable people and their studies, but builds upon their experience. What I am interested in is not the cinematographic expression, but a fourth dimension added by motion in graphics and how movement can further an architectural product.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Analyzing  Eadweard  Muybridge’s  work  and  Vladimir  Veličković’s painted motion studies would offer a too-easy way to find a relation-ship between the still objects of architecture and the dynamics of motion. Jean-Luc Godard is also waiting to be taken apart from this perspective, just as is Bruno Zevi’s idea of archiving space through cinematographic methods. Rem Koolhaas is known for his transition from film to architecture. Why is there such a brotherhood between film and architecture? Maybe it is because they share the common idea of assembling building blocks in order to build something that is more than just the  sum  of  its  elements.  The  concept  to  be  proposed  has  little  to  do with these remarkable people and their studies, but builds upon their experience. What I am interested in is not the cinematographic expression, but a fourth dimension added by motion in graphics and how movement can further an architectural product.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <ContentAudience>00</ContentAudience>
          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Lugojan-Ghenciu, Oliviu</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Fibrous Assemblages and Behavioral Composites</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Roland Snooks</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>RMIT University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The emergence of complexity theory has shifted the conceptualiza-tion of form from the macro scale to a concern for the operation of the complex systems that underlie formation. It is from the micro-scale local  interactions  of  complex  systems  that  behavioral  strategies  for  the  generation  of  composite  materials  have  emerged,  strategies  where  architectural  form,  structure  and  ornament  emerge  from  the  design of material behavior, specifically the design of behavior within composite materials.The inherently organizational understanding of form offered by com-plexity  theory  has  been  the  basis  for  Kokkugia’s  development  of  behavioral  design  methodologies.  This  behavioral  approach  draws  from the logic of swarm intelligence and operates through the self-or-ganization of multi-agent systems. These methodologies operate by encoding simple architectural decisions within a distributed system of  autonomous  computational  agents.  It  is  the  interaction  of  these  local decisions that self-organizes design intention, giving rise to a form  of  collective  intelligence  and  emergent  behavior  at  the  global  scale. Behavioral design methodologies represent a shift from ‘form being imposed upon matter’ to ‘form emerging from the interaction of localized entities within a complex system.’&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The emergence of complexity theory has shifted the conceptualiza-tion of form from the macro scale to a concern for the operation of the complex systems that underlie formation. It is from the micro-scale local  interactions  of  complex  systems  that  behavioral  strategies  for  the  generation  of  composite  materials  have  emerged,  strategies  where  architectural  form,  structure  and  ornament  emerge  from  the  design of material behavior, specifically the design of behavior within composite materials.The inherently organizational understanding of form offered by com-plexity  theory  has  been  the  basis  for  Kokkugia’s  development  of  behavioral  design  methodologies.  This  behavioral  approach  draws  from the logic of swarm intelligence and operates through the self-or-ganization of multi-agent systems. These methodologies operate by encoding simple architectural decisions within a distributed system of  autonomous  computational  agents.  It  is  the  interaction  of  these  local decisions that self-organizes design intention, giving rise to a form  of  collective  intelligence  and  emergent  behavior  at  the  global  scale. Behavioral design methodologies represent a shift from ‘form being imposed upon matter’ to ‘form emerging from the interaction of localized entities within a complex system.’&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Snooks, Roland </PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Unfolding Azadi Tower</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Reading Persian Folds Through Deleuze</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Biayna Bogosian</PersonName>
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          <KeyNames>Bogosian</KeyNames>
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              <AffiliationIDType>40</AffiliationIDType>
              <IDValue>02gz6gg07</IDValue>
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            <Affiliation>Florida International University</Affiliation>
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              <AffiliationIDType>40</AffiliationIDType>
              <IDValue>03efmqc40</IDValue>
            </AffiliationIdentifier>
            <Affiliation>Arizona State University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The Azadi Tower (Freedom Tower) is the gateway to Tehran. This 50-m tall tower is located in the heart of the 15,000-sqm Azadi Square (Freedom Square) and has been the center of many cultural and po-litical  revolutions  since  its  completion  in  1971.  The  architecture  of  the tower is influenced by both pre-Islamic Persian architecture of materiality and Islamic architecture of geometry. The significance of the Azadi tower is not only in its sociopolitical presence, but also in the fact that it is one of the world’s first structures that incorporated computation in the design, analysis, and materialization processes. From 1966-1971 the monument was constructed with 25,000 unique white marble pieces. The customized geometry of each marble unit was computed using a structural analysis program and carved using a combination of manual and automated techniques.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The Azadi Tower (Freedom Tower) is the gateway to Tehran. This 50-m tall tower is located in the heart of the 15,000-sqm Azadi Square (Freedom Square) and has been the center of many cultural and po-litical  revolutions  since  its  completion  in  1971.  The  architecture  of  the tower is influenced by both pre-Islamic Persian architecture of materiality and Islamic architecture of geometry. The significance of the Azadi tower is not only in its sociopolitical presence, but also in the fact that it is one of the world’s first structures that incorporated computation in the design, analysis, and materialization processes. From 1966-1971 the monument was constructed with 25,000 unique white marble pieces. The customized geometry of each marble unit was computed using a structural analysis program and carved using a combination of manual and automated techniques.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Bogosian, Biayna</PersonName>
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        <TitleDetail>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Twin (Technology/Art Induced) Architectural Daydreams</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Esther Sze-Wing Cheung</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Esther Sze-Wing</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Cheung</KeyNames>
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          <LanguageCode>eng</LanguageCode>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;On  a  sunny  September  afternoon,  I  found  myself  fighting  through  crowds  of  metropolitan  art-goers,  hipster-technologists  and  pro-longed-adolescent-adults, grazing amusedly in a tall, open, window-less room at the MOMA’s Talk to Me exhibition, amidst an assortment of flat screen monitors, tastefully-colored infographics, blinking LEDs and  beeping.1 Halfway through my procession through this spec-tacle,  I  circled  back  to  the  room  center  and  found  myself  curiously  face-to-face with a seemingly unremarkable floor lamp, except for an unusual  spongy  beige  section  on  the  lamp-neck.  A  parody  on  the  classic British Anglepoise Lamp, this piece humorously titled Stran-gle Poise Lamp, was designed to be strangled to death. To turn off the lamp, one must wrap their hands around the spongy beige neck and squeeze out its metaphorical life, slowly dimming the light until both object and human are literally in the dark. Designed by James Chambers, the Strangle Poise Lamp is part of a line of aggression-absorbing  products  intended  to  provide  safe  ways  to  live  out  fanta-sies planted into our minds by violent films.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;On  a  sunny  September  afternoon,  I  found  myself  fighting  through  crowds  of  metropolitan  art-goers,  hipster-technologists  and  pro-longed-adolescent-adults, grazing amusedly in a tall, open, window-less room at the MOMA’s Talk to Me exhibition, amidst an assortment of flat screen monitors, tastefully-colored infographics, blinking LEDs and  beeping.1 Halfway through my procession through this spec-tacle,  I  circled  back  to  the  room  center  and  found  myself  curiously  face-to-face with a seemingly unremarkable floor lamp, except for an unusual  spongy  beige  section  on  the  lamp-neck.  A  parody  on  the  classic British Anglepoise Lamp, this piece humorously titled Stran-gle Poise Lamp, was designed to be strangled to death. To turn off the lamp, one must wrap their hands around the spongy beige neck and squeeze out its metaphorical life, slowly dimming the light until both object and human are literally in the dark. Designed by James Chambers, the Strangle Poise Lamp is part of a line of aggression-absorbing  products  intended  to  provide  safe  ways  to  live  out  fanta-sies planted into our minds by violent films.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">DIY: Biopolitics: The Deregulated Self</TitleText>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Shuzaku Arakawa’s early paintings (1961-73) (many of which were produced with Madeline Gins, though she took no authorial credit for  them)  represent  what  appear  to  be  semi-finished  sketches  that  sometimes look like technical drawings against backgrounds of white and varying shades of brown. The purpose of these two-dimensional representations  is  to  signify  ‘blankness’  as  a  “neutral  positing”,  in  the  sense  that  blank  is  a  ‘holding  open’  of  the  compulsion  toward  the standard artistic practice of conceptual and cognitive coloniza-tion toward a predetermined end.1 As they state: “it is what is there but  undifferentiated,  so  it  is  nothing  ...  It  is  what  fills  emptiness.”2Another  way  of  understanding  blank  is  through  the  French  blanc, meaning white, which is, of course, the congealing of all the colors in the spectrum (as opposed to black, the absence of color). In this sense, blank (or blanc) is overabundance, the reservoir of potential-ity from which anything can come forth. The concept of blank draws our attention to the multiple points of interpretation contained within open-endedness,  as  opposed  to  the  definitive  teleological  fixity  for  which strives much (not all) creative practice. The visual argument in these  artworks  is  that  painting  as  an  activity  abstracts  from  nature,  narrowing down and essentializing experience. Abstract thought is the frame that apprehends the open-endedness of meaning, defin-ing  and  positioning  a  text  in  exclusive,  unequivocal  terms.  In  this  respect,  much  of  Arakawa’s  early  work  remains  untitled  (acting  as  the actual title of the work), which itself is an act of resistance to the etymological determinism that comes with labels that posit in explicit terms  what  it  is  we  are  meant  to  understand  and  experience  from  artistic productions&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Shuzaku Arakawa’s early paintings (1961-73) (many of which were produced with Madeline Gins, though she took no authorial credit for  them)  represent  what  appear  to  be  semi-finished  sketches  that  sometimes look like technical drawings against backgrounds of white and varying shades of brown. The purpose of these two-dimensional representations  is  to  signify  ‘blankness’  as  a  “neutral  positing”,  in  the  sense  that  blank  is  a  ‘holding  open’  of  the  compulsion  toward  the standard artistic practice of conceptual and cognitive coloniza-tion toward a predetermined end.1 As they state: “it is what is there but  undifferentiated,  so  it  is  nothing  ...  It  is  what  fills  emptiness.”2Another  way  of  understanding  blank  is  through  the  French  blanc, meaning white, which is, of course, the congealing of all the colors in the spectrum (as opposed to black, the absence of color). In this sense, blank (or blanc) is overabundance, the reservoir of potential-ity from which anything can come forth. The concept of blank draws our attention to the multiple points of interpretation contained within open-endedness,  as  opposed  to  the  definitive  teleological  fixity  for  which strives much (not all) creative practice. The visual argument in these  artworks  is  that  painting  as  an  activity  abstracts  from  nature,  narrowing down and essentializing experience. Abstract thought is the frame that apprehends the open-endedness of meaning, defin-ing  and  positioning  a  text  in  exclusive,  unequivocal  terms.  In  this  respect,  much  of  Arakawa’s  early  work  remains  untitled  (acting  as  the actual title of the work), which itself is an act of resistance to the etymological determinism that comes with labels that posit in explicit terms  what  it  is  we  are  meant  to  understand  and  experience  from  artistic productions&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In her drawings, artist Seher Shah explores the forms of Modernist ab-stract architecture with a sensibility that is both nostalgic and critical. She  employs  basic  elements  of  architectural  drawing—the  column,  the grid, the wall—to fantastically render the ruins of imposition.In her 2011 exhibition, Object Anxiety, Shah stripped Le Corbusier’s Unité d’Habitation of height, weight and mass, turning it on its side to create a plane. Her new series of drawings, presented in the ex-hibition Brute  Ornament, zooms in on this plane and manipulates its form in a series of further deconstructions of Unité d’Habitation.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In her drawings, artist Seher Shah explores the forms of Modernist ab-stract architecture with a sensibility that is both nostalgic and critical. She  employs  basic  elements  of  architectural  drawing—the  column,  the grid, the wall—to fantastically render the ruins of imposition.In her 2011 exhibition, Object Anxiety, Shah stripped Le Corbusier’s Unité d’Habitation of height, weight and mass, turning it on its side to create a plane. Her new series of drawings, presented in the ex-hibition Brute  Ornament, zooms in on this plane and manipulates its form in a series of further deconstructions of Unité d’Habitation.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">The Groundbraking Clarity of Ryan and Trevor Oakes</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Eve Bailey</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Identical twins Ryan and Trevor Oakes have created an innovative method  of  depicting  the  world  before  us  that  constitutes  a  key  ad-vancement  in  the  representation  of  visual  reality.  Their  discovery  is  the synthesis of reciprocal intuitions, observations and experiments generated by their ongoing dialog about perception — about “see-ing with two eyes.” They have been reexamining the knowledge that our  experience  of  the  world  is  binocular  and  as  if  we  were  at  the  center of a giant perceptual sphere. They came to realize it would be more appropriate to draw on a spherical surface rather than a flat sheet of paper, and found a way of tracing the world directly onto the curved paper without digital intervention, mathematical calculations or drafting tools. The result is the visual and physical experience of a seamless and organic rendering, with no beginning and no end, that does  not  fail  to  remind  me  of  Frederick  Kiesler’s  original  concepts  in his project of the Endless House, “endless like the human body.” The fascinating part of Ryan and Trevor’s pioneering system is, as art historian  Jonathan  Crary  articulates  it,  “that  they  have  reintroduced  the corporal features of human vision in perspective techniques that had been edited out of our conventional monocular models of repre-sentation where the world is presented as if all parts of it were seen with a uniform clarity when in fact the illusion we have of a clear world is obtained by our eyes darting around producing a synthetic image of an overall clarity."&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Identical twins Ryan and Trevor Oakes have created an innovative method  of  depicting  the  world  before  us  that  constitutes  a  key  ad-vancement  in  the  representation  of  visual  reality.  Their  discovery  is  the synthesis of reciprocal intuitions, observations and experiments generated by their ongoing dialog about perception — about “see-ing with two eyes.” They have been reexamining the knowledge that our  experience  of  the  world  is  binocular  and  as  if  we  were  at  the  center of a giant perceptual sphere. They came to realize it would be more appropriate to draw on a spherical surface rather than a flat sheet of paper, and found a way of tracing the world directly onto the curved paper without digital intervention, mathematical calculations or drafting tools. The result is the visual and physical experience of a seamless and organic rendering, with no beginning and no end, that does  not  fail  to  remind  me  of  Frederick  Kiesler’s  original  concepts  in his project of the Endless House, “endless like the human body.” The fascinating part of Ryan and Trevor’s pioneering system is, as art historian  Jonathan  Crary  articulates  it,  “that  they  have  reintroduced  the corporal features of human vision in perspective techniques that had been edited out of our conventional monocular models of repre-sentation where the world is presented as if all parts of it were seen with a uniform clarity when in fact the illusion we have of a clear world is obtained by our eyes darting around producing a synthetic image of an overall clarity."&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Would Have Been...An Inventory</TitleText>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;a dark laterite monolith near a library thirty days / twenty-nine people of diverse nationalities and age still to be confirmedan old man collecting booksa library counting exactly seventy thousand books in thirty-six different languages / some unknown languagestwenty-nine return tickets forty chairs and twenty tables poorly made of recycled pine wood a twenty-one point one megapixels full frame complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor  digital  single-lens  reflex  camera  body  with  two  flash  cards  of  thirty-two  gigabits  and  two  batteries  /  a  lens  with  bel-lows mechanism specially customized for this body / a good tripod with film head a light-emitting diode camera yellow to white light / a cheap tripod for the lighta five in one foldable elliptic white and silver reflector    a short shotgun condenser microphone with cable and a smaller ste-reo  condenser  microphone  /  a  twenty-four  bits  uncompressed  and  built-in  stereo  microphones  sound  recorder  with  four  different  wave-form audio file format modes an acoustically transparent synthetic fur material with soft long hairs&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;a dark laterite monolith near a library thirty days / twenty-nine people of diverse nationalities and age still to be confirmedan old man collecting booksa library counting exactly seventy thousand books in thirty-six different languages / some unknown languagestwenty-nine return tickets forty chairs and twenty tables poorly made of recycled pine wood a twenty-one point one megapixels full frame complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor  digital  single-lens  reflex  camera  body  with  two  flash  cards  of  thirty-two  gigabits  and  two  batteries  /  a  lens  with  bel-lows mechanism specially customized for this body / a good tripod with film head a light-emitting diode camera yellow to white light / a cheap tripod for the lighta five in one foldable elliptic white and silver reflector    a short shotgun condenser microphone with cable and a smaller ste-reo  condenser  microphone  /  a  twenty-four  bits  uncompressed  and  built-in  stereo  microphones  sound  recorder  with  four  different  wave-form audio file format modes an acoustically transparent synthetic fur material with soft long hairs&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This book is the second volume of texts curated specifically for The Funambulist since 2011.1The editorial line of this second series of twenty-six essays is dedicated to philosophical and political ques-tions about bodies. This choice is informed by my own interest in the (often violent) relation between the designed environment and bodies. Corporeal politics do not exist in a void of objects, build-ings and cities; on the contrary, they operate through the continuous material encounters between living and non-living bodies. Several texts proposed in this volume examine various forms of corporeal violence (racism, gender-based violence, etc.). This examination, however, can only exist in the integration of the designed environ-ment’s conditioning of this violence. As Mimi Thi Nguyen argues in the conclusion of this book’s first chapter, “the process of attending to the body — unhooded, unveiled, unclothed — cannot be the so-lution to racism, because that body is always already an abstraction, an effect of law and its violence.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This book is the second volume of texts curated specifically for The Funambulist since 2011.1The editorial line of this second series of twenty-six essays is dedicated to philosophical and political ques-tions about bodies. This choice is informed by my own interest in the (often violent) relation between the designed environment and bodies. Corporeal politics do not exist in a void of objects, build-ings and cities; on the contrary, they operate through the continuous material encounters between living and non-living bodies. Several texts proposed in this volume examine various forms of corporeal violence (racism, gender-based violence, etc.). This examination, however, can only exist in the integration of the designed environ-ment’s conditioning of this violence. As Mimi Thi Nguyen argues in the conclusion of this book’s first chapter, “the process of attending to the body — unhooded, unveiled, unclothed — cannot be the so-lution to racism, because that body is always already an abstraction, an effect of law and its violence.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In June 2010, the New York Times published a feature provocatively titled, “The War is Fake, the Clothing Real,” about David Tabbert, a fashion-conscious costumer for a company that clothes play-acting Afghan or Iraqi insurgents and civilians in war games staged for the United States armed forces.1 “Though Mr. Tabbert, 28, person-ally prefers G-star denim and concert tees, he was on the hunt for 150 dishdashas, the ankle-length garments worn by men in Iraq and elsewhere in the Arab world. In July, actors will wear them in a simu-lated Iraqi village, posing as townspeople, clerics and insurgents at a National Guard training ground in the Midwest.” Of his initial hesita-tion to accept the job, Tabbert notes that while he was not pro-war, “I looked at what we were doing as a positive way to train the soldiers, in light of the fact that they are being deployed anyway.” In educat-ing his eye to create usable profiles, Tabbert studies images on the Internet — “to determine, for example, the exact embroidery on the epaulet of an opposition leader’s military uniform” — and trains oth-ers to do the same, thereby teaching soldiers to distinguish between “bad” and “good” Afghans or Iraqis (or et cetera) by their cover.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Caught in the Cloud</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">The Biopolitics of Teargas Warfare</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Philippe Theophanidis</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>York University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;On June 12, 2013, a two-and-a-half minute amateur recording titled “Taksim’de Gaz saldırısının içinde kalan Kadının acı çığlıkları” was up-loaded on YouTube. It shows what appears to be a sudden as well as massive tear gas assault being conducted against a large crowd gathered  somewhere  in  the  vicinity  of  Istanbul’s  Taksim  square, where people have been protesting against the planed demolition of Taksim Gezi Park since May.This video, however, is striking in a number of ways. The speed at which the gas completely fills the whole area where the large crowd is assembled is astonishing. Forty seconds after the impact of the first cartridges, the sky is not visible anymore: a yellowish and dense smoke fills the entire frame of the image. Then, the camera turns its attention to a young woman nearby.1 Like the author of the video, she finds herself caught in the chemical cloud, on top of an immo-bilized bus, apparently unable to flee. The rudimentary respiratory mask she’s wearing over her mouth is clearly unable to protect her adequately in this situation. The incapacitating effects of the gas are dramatically illustrated by the acute distress she quickly finds herself in: the video shows her as she falls on her knees, screaming. The ex-perience must be terrifying. In her precarious position, the only thing she could do to avoid breathing the gas would be not to breathe at all which, in turn, would mean death. As Sloterdijk once observed, her body is coerced into collaborating to its own demise. It has no choice but to interface with the chemical agent filling the atmosphere&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;On June 12, 2013, a two-and-a-half minute amateur recording titled “Taksim’de Gaz saldırısının içinde kalan Kadının acı çığlıkları” was up-loaded on YouTube. It shows what appears to be a sudden as well as massive tear gas assault being conducted against a large crowd gathered  somewhere  in  the  vicinity  of  Istanbul’s  Taksim  square, where people have been protesting against the planed demolition of Taksim Gezi Park since May.This video, however, is striking in a number of ways. The speed at which the gas completely fills the whole area where the large crowd is assembled is astonishing. Forty seconds after the impact of the first cartridges, the sky is not visible anymore: a yellowish and dense smoke fills the entire frame of the image. Then, the camera turns its attention to a young woman nearby.1 Like the author of the video, she finds herself caught in the chemical cloud, on top of an immo-bilized bus, apparently unable to flee. The rudimentary respiratory mask she’s wearing over her mouth is clearly unable to protect her adequately in this situation. The incapacitating effects of the gas are dramatically illustrated by the acute distress she quickly finds herself in: the video shows her as she falls on her knees, screaming. The ex-perience must be terrifying. In her precarious position, the only thing she could do to avoid breathing the gas would be not to breathe at all which, in turn, would mean death. As Sloterdijk once observed, her body is coerced into collaborating to its own demise. It has no choice but to interface with the chemical agent filling the atmosphere&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <PersonName>Theophanidis, Philippe</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Bodies on the Line</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Somatic Risk and Psychogeographies in Urban Exploration and Palestinian 'Infiltration'</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Hanna Baumann</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>University College London</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Balbuk, an aboriginal woman in Stephen Muecke’s fictocritical trav-elogue No Road (Bitumen all the Way), is a trespasser, a destroyer of private property. She is also merely maintaining her routine, do-ing what she has always done and asserting her relationship with the land irrespective of changing ownership rights and newly-built obstacles. In a similar manner, the two types of infiltrators I discuss here also defy access restrictions in order to claim a space that has been taken away from them. Taking as my starting point the 2013 documentary Infiltrators by Palestinian artist Khaled Jarrar, I juxta-pose practices and discourses of Palestinians who enter Jerusalem without a permit with those of Urban Exploration (Urb-Ex). Urb-Ex, engaged in predominantly by elites in the cities of the global North, involves the recreational physical exploration of derelict and aban-doned locations in the city, but also of exclusive securitised spaces. The practice has become highly visible due to spectacular actions that generated numerous media reports, but also thanks to self-pro-motional films and blogs. (Incidentally, a low-budget action film also titled Infiltrators about urban explorers was released in 2014). While the physical acts involved in these two types of infiltration are similar, the meanings attached to them differ in many, albeit not all, areas. This is an attempt, then, to link descriptions of somatic experience involved in ‘infiltration’ with the psychogeographies they produce, which are in turn also produced by them&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Balbuk, an aboriginal woman in Stephen Muecke’s fictocritical trav-elogue No Road (Bitumen all the Way), is a trespasser, a destroyer of private property. She is also merely maintaining her routine, do-ing what she has always done and asserting her relationship with the land irrespective of changing ownership rights and newly-built obstacles. In a similar manner, the two types of infiltrators I discuss here also defy access restrictions in order to claim a space that has been taken away from them. Taking as my starting point the 2013 documentary Infiltrators by Palestinian artist Khaled Jarrar, I juxta-pose practices and discourses of Palestinians who enter Jerusalem without a permit with those of Urban Exploration (Urb-Ex). Urb-Ex, engaged in predominantly by elites in the cities of the global North, involves the recreational physical exploration of derelict and aban-doned locations in the city, but also of exclusive securitised spaces. The practice has become highly visible due to spectacular actions that generated numerous media reports, but also thanks to self-pro-motional films and blogs. (Incidentally, a low-budget action film also titled Infiltrators about urban explorers was released in 2014). While the physical acts involved in these two types of infiltration are similar, the meanings attached to them differ in many, albeit not all, areas. This is an attempt, then, to link descriptions of somatic experience involved in ‘infiltration’ with the psychogeographies they produce, which are in turn also produced by them&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <PersonName>Baumann, Hanna</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Palestine Made Flesh</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Sophia Azeb</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>University of Chicago</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In a 1998 opinion piece for Egyptian weekly Al Ahram, Edward Said memorably skewered Yasser Arafat’s intention to issue his second declaration of Palestinian statehood within a year. Said wrote, “I say [statehood] with some irony because, at first glance, the notion of declaring a state for a second time (Algiers, November 1998 was the first) must strike the untutored spectator as inherently funny, since in both instances, except for about 60 per cent of Gaza, there is very little land for this state.”1 Indeed, Arafat’s poorly thought out decrees for statehood never succeeded, resulting instead in the expected Is-raeli backlash against Palestinians living under occupation and within the Israeli state. But as Said went on to criticise the most obvious flaws of the illusive ‘statehood’ Arafat strove for, he made quite a pro-found assertion: “If by declaring that what, in effect, is a theoretical abridgement of true statehood is the first step towards the realization of actual statehood, then one might as well hope to extract sunlight from a cucumber on the basis of the sun having entered the cucum-ber in the first place. This is an example not of serious, but of magical thought, something we have no need of now.”2 Lover of poetry and music though he was, Edward Said seriously devalues the radical potential of imagination in his article. Specifically, he slights the role that imagination plays in creating and sustaining a truly autonomous Palestinian nation. A nation with no land but also no borders; a na-tion with no military but also no war, and a nation with no recognition based on the destructive logics of empire. This is all to say, a nation that is lived without restrictions through the innovative and agile prac-tice of imagining otherwise. This brief essay’s exploration of imagin-ing an ‘other’ way to recognize Palestine pays its respects to Edward Said’s dogged pursuit of liberation, but remembers that Edward Said, like millions of other Palestinians, lived, and died, elsewhere.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In a 1998 opinion piece for Egyptian weekly Al Ahram, Edward Said memorably skewered Yasser Arafat’s intention to issue his second declaration of Palestinian statehood within a year. Said wrote, “I say [statehood] with some irony because, at first glance, the notion of declaring a state for a second time (Algiers, November 1998 was the first) must strike the untutored spectator as inherently funny, since in both instances, except for about 60 per cent of Gaza, there is very little land for this state.”1 Indeed, Arafat’s poorly thought out decrees for statehood never succeeded, resulting instead in the expected Is-raeli backlash against Palestinians living under occupation and within the Israeli state. But as Said went on to criticise the most obvious flaws of the illusive ‘statehood’ Arafat strove for, he made quite a pro-found assertion: “If by declaring that what, in effect, is a theoretical abridgement of true statehood is the first step towards the realization of actual statehood, then one might as well hope to extract sunlight from a cucumber on the basis of the sun having entered the cucum-ber in the first place. This is an example not of serious, but of magical thought, something we have no need of now.”2 Lover of poetry and music though he was, Edward Said seriously devalues the radical potential of imagination in his article. Specifically, he slights the role that imagination plays in creating and sustaining a truly autonomous Palestinian nation. A nation with no land but also no borders; a na-tion with no military but also no war, and a nation with no recognition based on the destructive logics of empire. This is all to say, a nation that is lived without restrictions through the innovative and agile prac-tice of imagining otherwise. This brief essay’s exploration of imagin-ing an ‘other’ way to recognize Palestine pays its respects to Edward Said’s dogged pursuit of liberation, but remembers that Edward Said, like millions of other Palestinians, lived, and died, elsewhere.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Azeb, Sophia</PersonName>
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          <TitleType>01</TitleType>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Corpographies</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Making Sense of Modern War</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Derek Gregory</PersonName>
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              <AffiliationIDType>40</AffiliationIDType>
              <IDValue>03rmrcq20</IDValue>
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            <Affiliation>University of British Columbia</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In his seminal account of the production of space Henri Lefebvre argued that the triumph of abstract space involved a relentless privi-leging of visualization, an aggressive inscription of “phallic brutal-ity,” and a repression, even a “crushing” of the human body. For Lefebvre, significantly, this “space of calculations” first emerged in the years surrounding the First World War, and although he did not address it in any detail, modern war clearly exemplifies these trans-formations: an intensifying reliance on an optical-cartographic imagi-nary, an excessive capacity for spectacular, masculinized violence, and an exorbitant violation of the human body.2 But if we take Neil Smith’s injunctions about the (co-)production of nature seriously, the dialectic of modern war reveals a second narrative, in which what Lefebvre called “the practico-sensory realm,” comes to the fore. For in order to survive ground troops had to invest in modes of appre-hension that extended far beyond the visual; they remained not only vectors of military violence but also among its victims; and their bod-ies have to be comprehended as intensely physiological and affec-tive organisms.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In his seminal account of the production of space Henri Lefebvre argued that the triumph of abstract space involved a relentless privi-leging of visualization, an aggressive inscription of “phallic brutal-ity,” and a repression, even a “crushing” of the human body. For Lefebvre, significantly, this “space of calculations” first emerged in the years surrounding the First World War, and although he did not address it in any detail, modern war clearly exemplifies these trans-formations: an intensifying reliance on an optical-cartographic imagi-nary, an excessive capacity for spectacular, masculinized violence, and an exorbitant violation of the human body.2 But if we take Neil Smith’s injunctions about the (co-)production of nature seriously, the dialectic of modern war reveals a second narrative, in which what Lefebvre called “the practico-sensory realm,” comes to the fore. For in order to survive ground troops had to invest in modes of appre-hension that extended far beyond the visual; they remained not only vectors of military violence but also among its victims; and their bod-ies have to be comprehended as intensely physiological and affec-tive organisms.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <PersonName>Gregory, Derek</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Chamayou's Manhunts</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">From Territory to Space?</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Stuart Elden</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Stuart</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Elden</KeyNames>
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            <Affiliation>University of Warwick</Affiliation>
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            <Affiliation>Monash University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This brief article discusses Grégoire Chamayou’s Manhunts, a pow-erful account of human inhumanity, the tracking down and killing of other humans. As he says in his second paragraph:To write the history of manhunts is to write one fragment of a long his-tory of violence on the part of the dominant. It is also to write a history of the technologies of predation indispensable for the establishment and reproduction of relationships of domination.1Chamayou is insistent that his focus is not on a metaphor, but on “concrete historical phenomena in which human beings were tracked down, captured, or killed in accord with the forms of the hunt.”2The main problem has to do with the fact that the hunter and the hunted do not belong to different species. Since the distinction be-tween the predator and his prey is not inscribed in nature, the hunt-ing relationship is always susceptible to a reversal of positions. Prey sometimes band together to become hunters in their turn. The his-tory of a power is also the history of the struggles to overthrow it.3His examples are wide-ranging, from Ancient Greece to the Bible, from exile to slavery to colonialism, and to zombies. The book is strikingly illustrated and has plenty of powerful examples. It pro-ceeds in a non-systematic manner, and is suggestive rather than comprehensive in its cases and references. Nonetheless it is a strik-ing and original analysis.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This brief article discusses Grégoire Chamayou’s Manhunts, a pow-erful account of human inhumanity, the tracking down and killing of other humans. As he says in his second paragraph:To write the history of manhunts is to write one fragment of a long his-tory of violence on the part of the dominant. It is also to write a history of the technologies of predation indispensable for the establishment and reproduction of relationships of domination.1Chamayou is insistent that his focus is not on a metaphor, but on “concrete historical phenomena in which human beings were tracked down, captured, or killed in accord with the forms of the hunt.”2The main problem has to do with the fact that the hunter and the hunted do not belong to different species. Since the distinction be-tween the predator and his prey is not inscribed in nature, the hunt-ing relationship is always susceptible to a reversal of positions. Prey sometimes band together to become hunters in their turn. The his-tory of a power is also the history of the struggles to overthrow it.3His examples are wide-ranging, from Ancient Greece to the Bible, from exile to slavery to colonialism, and to zombies. The book is strikingly illustrated and has plenty of powerful examples. It pro-ceeds in a non-systematic manner, and is suggestive rather than comprehensive in its cases and references. Nonetheless it is a strik-ing and original analysis.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Elden, Stuart</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Nazi Architecture as Affective Weapon</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Gastón Gordillo</PersonName>
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          <KeyNames>Gordillo</KeyNames>
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              <IDValue>03rmrcq20</IDValue>
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            <Affiliation>University of British Columbia</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;One of Adolf Hitler’s most cherished dreams was to build the largest monument ever created. With the guidance of “the chief architect of the Reich,” Albert Speer, he planned to remake Berlin around what he saw as the future core of the Germanic empire: the People’s Hall (Volkshalle), a dome that was to be 290 meters (950 feet) high and able to accommodate 180,000 people. Hitler was so “obsessed” with his gigantic dome, Speer wrote, that he was “deeply irked” when he learned that the Soviet Union had begun constructing an even larger building in Moscow: the Palace of the Soviets. This palace was to be 495 meters (1,624 feet) high and was to be crowned with a huge statue of Lenin. Hitler was furious, for he felt “cheated of the glory of building the tallest monumental structure in the world.” When Hitler ordered the invasion of the Soviet Union in 1941, Speer realized that “Moscow’s rival building” had preyed on Hitler’s mind “more than he had been willing to admit.” As the German armies advanced toward Moscow, Hitler said: “Now this will be the end of their building once and for all."&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;One of Adolf Hitler’s most cherished dreams was to build the largest monument ever created. With the guidance of “the chief architect of the Reich,” Albert Speer, he planned to remake Berlin around what he saw as the future core of the Germanic empire: the People’s Hall (Volkshalle), a dome that was to be 290 meters (950 feet) high and able to accommodate 180,000 people. Hitler was so “obsessed” with his gigantic dome, Speer wrote, that he was “deeply irked” when he learned that the Soviet Union had begun constructing an even larger building in Moscow: the Palace of the Soviets. This palace was to be 495 meters (1,624 feet) high and was to be crowned with a huge statue of Lenin. Hitler was furious, for he felt “cheated of the glory of building the tallest monumental structure in the world.” When Hitler ordered the invasion of the Soviet Union in 1941, Speer realized that “Moscow’s rival building” had preyed on Hitler’s mind “more than he had been willing to admit.” As the German armies advanced toward Moscow, Hitler said: “Now this will be the end of their building once and for all."&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <PersonName>Gordillo, Gastón</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Bodies at Scene</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Architecture as Friction</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Pedro Hernández Martínez</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Pedro Hernández</NamesBeforeKey>
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            <Affiliation>University of Alicante</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;One of the ways to understand architecture, usually the first about which we hear when we begin to study at the university, is to see it as a displayed object. This definition leads to an architecture that is equivalent to a habitable sculpture rather than one which aims to re-alize certain requirements. Le Corbusier’s quote in which he defined architecture as “volumes brought together in light” help to clarify and exemplify this issue. In this essay, I am not interested in focusing on this idea, but instead, I will explain several different ways to dissolve the conception of architecture as an object.One way to overcome this primary condition is to understand archi-tecture as a second skin or an element that establishes relationships between the body and the habitat. Architecture is an apparatus to look and build connections with the outside. Therefore, firstly, architecture is used to maximize certain links while refusing others. In this case, the design acquires a presence over the body of the inhabitant. Architec-ture surrounds it, limits it and restricts its connection with the environ-ment; exposing the inseparability of architecture and its violence over the body.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;One of the ways to understand architecture, usually the first about which we hear when we begin to study at the university, is to see it as a displayed object. This definition leads to an architecture that is equivalent to a habitable sculpture rather than one which aims to re-alize certain requirements. Le Corbusier’s quote in which he defined architecture as “volumes brought together in light” help to clarify and exemplify this issue. In this essay, I am not interested in focusing on this idea, but instead, I will explain several different ways to dissolve the conception of architecture as an object.One way to overcome this primary condition is to understand archi-tecture as a second skin or an element that establishes relationships between the body and the habitat. Architecture is an apparatus to look and build connections with the outside. Therefore, firstly, architecture is used to maximize certain links while refusing others. In this case, the design acquires a presence over the body of the inhabitant. Architec-ture surrounds it, limits it and restricts its connection with the environ-ment; exposing the inseparability of architecture and its violence over the body.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <PersonName>Martínez, Pedro Hernández</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Racialized Geographies and the Fear of Ships</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Tings Chak</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Tings</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Chak</KeyNames>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;It was during rush hour when two hundred white-identified individu-als in a forty-foot wood-framed boat descended onto the streets of Toronto. The people were dressed in white t-shirts and the boat was wrapped in canvas painted red and blue. Together they crossed Queen Street West and occupied four lanes of traffic in one of the busiest commercial districts of the city. The ship ‘docked’ outside of the flagship store of the Hudson Bay Company — a former fur-trading corporation that was once the de facto colonial ruler of the region.1Unlike any other mass action I had been to, the crowd seemed to take over the intersection effortlessly. During the fifteen minutes that they held the site, there was no police intimidation, no harassment from onlookers, and only mild frustration from the ebbing crowds.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;It was during rush hour when two hundred white-identified individu-als in a forty-foot wood-framed boat descended onto the streets of Toronto. The people were dressed in white t-shirts and the boat was wrapped in canvas painted red and blue. Together they crossed Queen Street West and occupied four lanes of traffic in one of the busiest commercial districts of the city. The ship ‘docked’ outside of the flagship store of the Hudson Bay Company — a former fur-trading corporation that was once the de facto colonial ruler of the region.1Unlike any other mass action I had been to, the crowd seemed to take over the intersection effortlessly. During the fifteen minutes that they held the site, there was no police intimidation, no harassment from onlookers, and only mild frustration from the ebbing crowds.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <PersonName>Chak, Tings</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Urban Space and the Production of Gender in Modern Iran</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Alex Shams</PersonName>
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              <AffiliationIDType>40</AffiliationIDType>
              <IDValue>024mw5h28</IDValue>
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            <Affiliation>University of Chicago</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;What  does  an  Islamic  urban  space  look  like?  This  question  has dogged  intellectuals  and  authorities  in  Muslim-majority  lands  for centuries, but in recent decades has acquired a renewed sense of urgency amid the emergence of modernizing Islamist political move-ments. These groups have not only articulated new visions of the pub-lic sphere, mass politics, and economy, they have also increasingly found themselves in positions of authority to shape the cities, regions, and lands in which they work. As these groups have found themselves in control, the revolutionary mandate (and widespread protest slogan) to imagine a politics “neither East nor West, but Islamic” has taken on new meanings, forcing leaders long focused narrowly on legal or constitutional change to recognize the more diffuse and institutional nature of power, and how much the production of space is a part of it.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;What  does  an  Islamic  urban  space  look  like?  This  question  has dogged  intellectuals  and  authorities  in  Muslim-majority  lands  for centuries, but in recent decades has acquired a renewed sense of urgency amid the emergence of modernizing Islamist political move-ments. These groups have not only articulated new visions of the pub-lic sphere, mass politics, and economy, they have also increasingly found themselves in positions of authority to shape the cities, regions, and lands in which they work. As these groups have found themselves in control, the revolutionary mandate (and widespread protest slogan) to imagine a politics “neither East nor West, but Islamic” has taken on new meanings, forcing leaders long focused narrowly on legal or constitutional change to recognize the more diffuse and institutional nature of power, and how much the production of space is a part of it.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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          <CopyrightOwner>
            <PersonName>Shams, Alex</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Norm, Measure of all Things</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Sofia Lemos</PersonName>
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          <KeyNames>Lemos</KeyNames>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Architectural  practice  and  theoretical  discourse  has  considered Ernst Neufert’s canonical Architects’ Data (1936) as a product of the search for an optimal built environment based on accounts of a single normative body. In light of the increasing pervasiveness of bespoke biometric solutions and its applications in architecture and design, this essay seeks to offer a different genealogy of the en-tanglement between architecture standards and statistical methods of measuring the social body. This essay draws a speculative history from the point when modern architecture ceases to account for, to become accountable for normalizing that body.Norms, have long inhabited the architect’s toolset. Pertaining to the carpenter’s square or rule norma is first codified in the early nine-teenth century as ‘standard, pattern, model’ as evidence of its com-mon usage. Whereas the vernacular use of the noun ‘norm’ had to do with geometry, with ‘right angles’ and perpendicular lines, its ad-jectival derivation ‘normal’ is defined in 1828 in the Oxford English Dictionary as ‘constituting, conforming to, not deviating or differ from, the common type or standard.’ The emergence of the adjectival form of the noun is the first historical clue that suggests a symbolic shift that happened throughout the eighteenth century from the language of geometry to that of biological matter.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Architectural  practice  and  theoretical  discourse  has  considered Ernst Neufert’s canonical Architects’ Data (1936) as a product of the search for an optimal built environment based on accounts of a single normative body. In light of the increasing pervasiveness of bespoke biometric solutions and its applications in architecture and design, this essay seeks to offer a different genealogy of the en-tanglement between architecture standards and statistical methods of measuring the social body. This essay draws a speculative history from the point when modern architecture ceases to account for, to become accountable for normalizing that body.Norms, have long inhabited the architect’s toolset. Pertaining to the carpenter’s square or rule norma is first codified in the early nine-teenth century as ‘standard, pattern, model’ as evidence of its com-mon usage. Whereas the vernacular use of the noun ‘norm’ had to do with geometry, with ‘right angles’ and perpendicular lines, its ad-jectival derivation ‘normal’ is defined in 1828 in the Oxford English Dictionary as ‘constituting, conforming to, not deviating or differ from, the common type or standard.’ The emergence of the adjectival form of the noun is the first historical clue that suggests a symbolic shift that happened throughout the eighteenth century from the language of geometry to that of biological matter.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <ContentAudience>00</ContentAudience>
          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Lemos, Sofia </PersonName>
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          <TitleType>01</TitleType>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Patterns of Life</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">A Very Short History of Schematic Bodies</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Grégoire Chamayou</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Grégoire</NamesBeforeKey>
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            <Affiliation>French National Centre for Scientific Research</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In his 1956’s Theory of the Dérive, Guy Debord described a Paris map drawn up by an urban sociologist depicting “all the movements made in the space of one year by a student living in the 16th Ar-rondissement”. “Her itinerary,” he remarked, “forms a small triangle with no significant deviations, the three apexes of which are the School of Political Sciences, her residence and that of her piano teacher. The cartographic objectivation of a life form was taken as a starting point for a poetical and political critique of daily life. This was a cri-tique of its narrowness, of its routines, of the reduction of the lifeworld these routine articulate. Debord concluded: “Such data — examples of a modern poetry capable of provoking sharp emotional reactions (in this particular case, outrage at the fact that anyone’s life can be so pathetically limited) [...] will undoubtedly prove useful in developing dérives (drifts)."&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In his 1956’s Theory of the Dérive, Guy Debord described a Paris map drawn up by an urban sociologist depicting “all the movements made in the space of one year by a student living in the 16th Ar-rondissement”. “Her itinerary,” he remarked, “forms a small triangle with no significant deviations, the three apexes of which are the School of Political Sciences, her residence and that of her piano teacher. The cartographic objectivation of a life form was taken as a starting point for a poetical and political critique of daily life. This was a cri-tique of its narrowness, of its routines, of the reduction of the lifeworld these routine articulate. Debord concluded: “Such data — examples of a modern poetry capable of provoking sharp emotional reactions (in this particular case, outrage at the fact that anyone’s life can be so pathetically limited) [...] will undoubtedly prove useful in developing dérives (drifts)."&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Chamayou, Grégoire </PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Bee Workers and the Expanding Edges of Capitalism</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Renisa Mawani</PersonName>
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          <KeyNames>Mawani</KeyNames>
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              <AffiliationIDType>40</AffiliationIDType>
              <IDValue>03rmrcq20</IDValue>
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            <Affiliation>University of British Columbia</Affiliation>
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          <LanguageCode>eng</LanguageCode>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In the past year, newspapers in the United Kingdom have reported new exigencies emerging from commercial and public responses to the global decline in honeybees. To offset the devastating effects of colony collapse disorder (CCD), many British residents have turned to beekeeping as a national, global, and environmental responsibility. Despite good intentions, the “boom in bee keeping,” writes the Daily Mail, “may be doing our countryside more harm than good.” A “surge in the number of bumblebee hives means thousands of colonies are being imported” from elsewhere in Europe, and “many of these are riddled with parasites that pose a threat to native species.”1 A study of 48 colonies brought to the UK from European suppliers has revealed high rates of contamination: 77% were infected by parasites harmful to indigenous bee species in the region. Given recent warnings of the long-term effects of CCD, particularly on agriculture and global food production, the government has been listening attentively. Effective January 1, 2015, non-native bee species will only be used “as an emergency measure if native beces cannot be found.”2 In the coming year, “foreign worker bees will be banned from getting jobs pollinat-ing crops when there are millions of redundant British workers.”3 This law is the most recent addition to a series of UK security regulations — including specified “Border Inspection Points” and required health certificates — aimed at restricting the entry of foreign bees.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In the past year, newspapers in the United Kingdom have reported new exigencies emerging from commercial and public responses to the global decline in honeybees. To offset the devastating effects of colony collapse disorder (CCD), many British residents have turned to beekeeping as a national, global, and environmental responsibility. Despite good intentions, the “boom in bee keeping,” writes the Daily Mail, “may be doing our countryside more harm than good.” A “surge in the number of bumblebee hives means thousands of colonies are being imported” from elsewhere in Europe, and “many of these are riddled with parasites that pose a threat to native species.”1 A study of 48 colonies brought to the UK from European suppliers has revealed high rates of contamination: 77% were infected by parasites harmful to indigenous bee species in the region. Given recent warnings of the long-term effects of CCD, particularly on agriculture and global food production, the government has been listening attentively. Effective January 1, 2015, non-native bee species will only be used “as an emergency measure if native beces cannot be found.”2 In the coming year, “foreign worker bees will be banned from getting jobs pollinat-ing crops when there are millions of redundant British workers.”3 This law is the most recent addition to a series of UK security regulations — including specified “Border Inspection Points” and required health certificates — aimed at restricting the entry of foreign bees.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">What Is the Problem?</TitleText>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The philosophical discourse of biopolitics has led to a rediscovery of political agency inherent to the practice of architecture and the production of built form within an urban context. Its assimilation within contemporary architectural thought has largely been through its em-ployment as a critical approach to ideology, colonization or war, rang-ing from Michel Foucault’s disciplinary institutions to Eyal Weizman’s states of control. Most famously polemicized in the first lines of Walter Benjamin’s 1921 seminal essay “Critique of Violence,” an ethics of life is posited as the dialectical opposite from the violence of power.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The philosophical discourse of biopolitics has led to a rediscovery of political agency inherent to the practice of architecture and the production of built form within an urban context. Its assimilation within contemporary architectural thought has largely been through its em-ployment as a critical approach to ideology, colonization or war, rang-ing from Michel Foucault’s disciplinary institutions to Eyal Weizman’s states of control. Most famously polemicized in the first lines of Walter Benjamin’s 1921 seminal essay “Critique of Violence,” an ethics of life is posited as the dialectical opposite from the violence of power.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Of Associated Milieus</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Sarah Choukah</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>Université de Montréal</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Recently as I was strolling through my neighborhood in Montreal, I came across a toy I saw that kids played with in the 1980s: the Cozy Coupe car with a bright yellow body and a red foot-powered chas-sis, a popular toy around that time. I remembered how the car’s cockpit allowed interfacing with familiar surroundings while giving a first sense of leg-powered, seated motility outside the house.In a contemporary videogame, by contrast, motility is delegated through the interface to avatars. One would be quick to think that the issue of delegation or that of the materiality of the interaction through the interface has gone from physical, bodily affect (rep-resented by the 1980s Cozy Coupe, among other toys) to that of an increasingly dematerialized network of programmed bodies in games. But the transition can’t be so easily reduced to this. For example, Ingmar Riedel-Kruse and his team at Stanford University have designed a new set of videogames, this time involving the use of living microorganisms instead of electronically programmed sprites or avatars.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Recently as I was strolling through my neighborhood in Montreal, I came across a toy I saw that kids played with in the 1980s: the Cozy Coupe car with a bright yellow body and a red foot-powered chas-sis, a popular toy around that time. I remembered how the car’s cockpit allowed interfacing with familiar surroundings while giving a first sense of leg-powered, seated motility outside the house.In a contemporary videogame, by contrast, motility is delegated through the interface to avatars. One would be quick to think that the issue of delegation or that of the materiality of the interaction through the interface has gone from physical, bodily affect (rep-resented by the 1980s Cozy Coupe, among other toys) to that of an increasingly dematerialized network of programmed bodies in games. But the transition can’t be so easily reduced to this. For example, Ingmar Riedel-Kruse and his team at Stanford University have designed a new set of videogames, this time involving the use of living microorganisms instead of electronically programmed sprites or avatars.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">~~FJORD~~ AND //DESERT// BODIES~~LEAKING~~ AND //CONTAINED// BODIES</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Andreas Philippopoulos-Mihalopoulos</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>University of Westminster</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;My fascination with Norway begun early on, before I ever visited the country. Admittedly, it had little to do with the country itself, and its focus was exclusively cartographic. I spent hours musing over the map with a concentration frissoning through my very body and mak-ing my skin tingle. The reason? To my eyes, Norway looked like a human arm that was being slowly, painfully but pleasurably gnawed by the incoming fjords. Its coast emerges like a moth-eaten lace, with its play of blue and yellow that defies the usual clean-cut depiction of cartographic boundaries. I would then compare Norway’s coast to the line that separates Algeria from Mauritania and Mali, a straight, brutal, metallic line cutting the desert in two arbitrary sides. There, my feeling would be one of cleanliness and purity but also incomprehen-sion, suspicion even at how straight it was. And I would return to the intricacy of the coast. I was 6 years old.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;My fascination with Norway begun early on, before I ever visited the country. Admittedly, it had little to do with the country itself, and its focus was exclusively cartographic. I spent hours musing over the map with a concentration frissoning through my very body and mak-ing my skin tingle. The reason? To my eyes, Norway looked like a human arm that was being slowly, painfully but pleasurably gnawed by the incoming fjords. Its coast emerges like a moth-eaten lace, with its play of blue and yellow that defies the usual clean-cut depiction of cartographic boundaries. I would then compare Norway’s coast to the line that separates Algeria from Mauritania and Mali, a straight, brutal, metallic line cutting the desert in two arbitrary sides. There, my feeling would be one of cleanliness and purity but also incomprehen-sion, suspicion even at how straight it was. And I would return to the intricacy of the coast. I was 6 years old.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Dress Becomes Body</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Fashioning the Force of Form</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Erin Manning</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>Concordia University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;“Cut to invent anew,” proposes Rei Kawakubo, owner and designer of the fashion label Comme des Garçons. “Make an abstract image.” “Break the idea of clothes.”“Break the idea of clothes,” has been Kawakubo’s call for over 40 years, a call that has motivated the creation of some of the most intriguing clothing of the late 20th and early 21st centuries, opening up the field of fashion to an architectural potential perhaps unprecedented. With Kawakubo’s insistence that clothes are not a predetermined category, but a proposition according to which a body is invited to continuously reinvent itself, she has led the way toward a textile-based architecting of experience. In this regard, Kawakubo has pushed and continues to push the Spinozist mantra “we know not what a body can do” to its limit, recasting not only the realm of fashion but the way fashion situ-ates itself in relation to other practices, especially that of architecture.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;“Cut to invent anew,” proposes Rei Kawakubo, owner and designer of the fashion label Comme des Garçons. “Make an abstract image.” “Break the idea of clothes.”“Break the idea of clothes,” has been Kawakubo’s call for over 40 years, a call that has motivated the creation of some of the most intriguing clothing of the late 20th and early 21st centuries, opening up the field of fashion to an architectural potential perhaps unprecedented. With Kawakubo’s insistence that clothes are not a predetermined category, but a proposition according to which a body is invited to continuously reinvent itself, she has led the way toward a textile-based architecting of experience. In this regard, Kawakubo has pushed and continues to push the Spinozist mantra “we know not what a body can do” to its limit, recasting not only the realm of fashion but the way fashion situ-ates itself in relation to other practices, especially that of architecture.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">A Sensing Body - A Networked Mind</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Adrienne Hart</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;An inbuilt desire to stray from the path, across the grass in a city park, is one example of how the learned or ‘schooled’ body misbehaves. I’m interested in the tension between our body’s social contract and hard-wired collective behaviour. I’m also interested in what happens when the mind no longer requires a body to communicate. When we sit at a desk computer or peer into a smartphone, our minds log in and our sense of embodied self rapidly decreases. The networked mind locks into a network stream and sends itself to locations far from the host body’s reach. How relevant is the body in an age that allows minds to roam free? Should we fight for the notion of body or are we already floating around in corpses, our vessels proving only to serve some kind of nod or nostalgic reflection to the past?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;An inbuilt desire to stray from the path, across the grass in a city park, is one example of how the learned or ‘schooled’ body misbehaves. I’m interested in the tension between our body’s social contract and hard-wired collective behaviour. I’m also interested in what happens when the mind no longer requires a body to communicate. When we sit at a desk computer or peer into a smartphone, our minds log in and our sense of embodied self rapidly decreases. The networked mind locks into a network stream and sends itself to locations far from the host body’s reach. How relevant is the body in an age that allows minds to roam free? Should we fight for the notion of body or are we already floating around in corpses, our vessels proving only to serve some kind of nod or nostalgic reflection to the past?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <PersonName>Hart, Adrienne</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Dream of Flying - Flying Bodies</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Elena Loizidou</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Is it possible to provide a meaningful relation between dreams of flight, a common variation amongst the form of dreams, and the body? And even if we are capable of doing so, even if we assume that we agree as to how we conceive the body, what kind of path-ways such a relation opens up for us? Would we be able to sense ourselves being moved towards different political, ethical, or aes-thetic directions than the ones that we have been given and taught to obey? Even if we are able through the dream of flying, to see how we can break the mould of formality, would we want to shape the break into a new mould, or would we prefer to remain suspended in air, de-fying gravity? And then again, to desire or want to remould the break provides us with an encounter with an agentic self — a self that can direct its future in this or that way, that perhaps, most probably it can’t exert such agency. Indeed, perhaps the most we can learn from this encounter with the dream of flying is precisely to let go of the chimera of remolding — turning into some form or blue print for the future the sense that such a dream may open up to us.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Is it possible to provide a meaningful relation between dreams of flight, a common variation amongst the form of dreams, and the body? And even if we are capable of doing so, even if we assume that we agree as to how we conceive the body, what kind of path-ways such a relation opens up for us? Would we be able to sense ourselves being moved towards different political, ethical, or aes-thetic directions than the ones that we have been given and taught to obey? Even if we are able through the dream of flying, to see how we can break the mould of formality, would we want to shape the break into a new mould, or would we prefer to remain suspended in air, de-fying gravity? And then again, to desire or want to remould the break provides us with an encounter with an agentic self — a self that can direct its future in this or that way, that perhaps, most probably it can’t exert such agency. Indeed, perhaps the most we can learn from this encounter with the dream of flying is precisely to let go of the chimera of remolding — turning into some form or blue print for the future the sense that such a dream may open up to us.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <PersonName>Loizidou, Elena </PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">The Act of Waiting</TitleText>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In a society obsessed with speed and efficiency, there are not so many situations where a body accepts waiting. Most of the times, when waiting is necessary, waiting spaces try to provide the mini-mum comfort for a body to cope with the context: seats, magazines and smart phones provide the mind the mental escape the body needs to stay uncomplainingly inactive while maintaining a distance from the other waiting bodies.In fact, if the space allocated for waiting doesn’t show the specific characteristics of a waiting area — queuing lines poles, peripheral chairs and benches, red digital numbers and their stressful call — the act of waiting becomes less acceptable: the minds seem to be programmed to react to signals they can clearly identify in order to accept a given situation. Logically, the occupied time feels shorter than the unoccupied time or in other terms, time is running faster when it’s not dedicated to waiting. And the number of distractions needed to occupy the minds keeps diversifying: we are seeing now-adays the multiplication of visual displays in waiting places being oc-cupied by moving advertisements aiming to replace boredom with consumerist desires.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In a society obsessed with speed and efficiency, there are not so many situations where a body accepts waiting. Most of the times, when waiting is necessary, waiting spaces try to provide the mini-mum comfort for a body to cope with the context: seats, magazines and smart phones provide the mind the mental escape the body needs to stay uncomplainingly inactive while maintaining a distance from the other waiting bodies.In fact, if the space allocated for waiting doesn’t show the specific characteristics of a waiting area — queuing lines poles, peripheral chairs and benches, red digital numbers and their stressful call — the act of waiting becomes less acceptable: the minds seem to be programmed to react to signals they can clearly identify in order to accept a given situation. Logically, the occupied time feels shorter than the unoccupied time or in other terms, time is running faster when it’s not dedicated to waiting. And the number of distractions needed to occupy the minds keeps diversifying: we are seeing now-adays the multiplication of visual displays in waiting places being oc-cupied by moving advertisements aiming to replace boredom with consumerist desires.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Bodies in Sympathy for Just One Night</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Chrysanthi Nigianni</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>Goldsmiths University of London</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;I felt wrapped in its atmosphere, folded in its mood. Toute une nuit (1982) is a film about what happens between two. Happening as repetition. Repetition as stylisation. A stylisation of affect. Affect as image. Sentimentality as aesthetics. Chantal Akerman’s film feels like a choreography of twos, a dance of portraits of intimacy, a diagram of love. 55 dramatic encounters, embraces and separations involving 75 nameless characters, usually couples, lasting anywhere from 30 seconds to five minutes, all arranged in Toute une nuit: all night long, all in a single night.1If we could find a plot or a subject in this film it would be as Catherine Fowler (2003) comments “love, loneliness, eroticism and insomnia,” and throughout its 90-minute duration the film seems to be asking, acting and re-enacting persistently the same question: what is a rela-tion? A question that acquires a heightened tension by being repeat-ed in time, in just this time, in the whole of one night, Toute une nuit.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;I felt wrapped in its atmosphere, folded in its mood. Toute une nuit (1982) is a film about what happens between two. Happening as repetition. Repetition as stylisation. A stylisation of affect. Affect as image. Sentimentality as aesthetics. Chantal Akerman’s film feels like a choreography of twos, a dance of portraits of intimacy, a diagram of love. 55 dramatic encounters, embraces and separations involving 75 nameless characters, usually couples, lasting anywhere from 30 seconds to five minutes, all arranged in Toute une nuit: all night long, all in a single night.1If we could find a plot or a subject in this film it would be as Catherine Fowler (2003) comments “love, loneliness, eroticism and insomnia,” and throughout its 90-minute duration the film seems to be asking, acting and re-enacting persistently the same question: what is a rela-tion? A question that acquires a heightened tension by being repeat-ed in time, in just this time, in the whole of one night, Toute une nuit.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Framing the Weird Body in Contemporary European Cinema</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Ina Karkani</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>Stockholm University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;New filmmaking practices within contemporary arthouse cinema are responding to current socio-political realities with new cinematic im-ages of the human body. They center around grotesque characters embedded within plots of comic absurdity. Particularly, since 2009, a Greek film trend has attracted international attention with the film fes-tival premiere of Giorgos Lanthimos’s social thriller Dogtooth (2009) and its follow-ups Alps (2011) and Attenberg (2010) by Athina Rachel Tsangaris. The films have been produced in the midst of, and as a response to, the current Greek social crisis, which involves an eco-nomic turmoil of rapid transformation and neo-liberalization in a time of ongoing bankruptcy.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;New filmmaking practices within contemporary arthouse cinema are responding to current socio-political realities with new cinematic im-ages of the human body. They center around grotesque characters embedded within plots of comic absurdity. Particularly, since 2009, a Greek film trend has attracted international attention with the film fes-tival premiere of Giorgos Lanthimos’s social thriller Dogtooth (2009) and its follow-ups Alps (2011) and Attenberg (2010) by Athina Rachel Tsangaris. The films have been produced in the midst of, and as a response to, the current Greek social crisis, which involves an eco-nomic turmoil of rapid transformation and neo-liberalization in a time of ongoing bankruptcy.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <PersonName>Karkani, Ina</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Building Body</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Two Brief Treatments on Landing Site Theory</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Alan Prohm</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Alan</NamesBeforeKey>
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              <AffiliationIDType>40</AffiliationIDType>
              <IDValue>010nsgg66</IDValue>
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            <Affiliation>Technical University of Braunschweig</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The variable that in the end prevents happening, defined as the swarm on-rush of events through presence, from collapsing totally into automaticity, destiny, is landing, the surface and voluming of it, and the voluming full of tentativity and potential that flowers in its wake, imaging along. The degree and mode of awareness (reflexiv-ity, imaging) on the landing as it happens, or you/we have it happen as. And world becomes:- Perceptual landing site: visual, tactile, kinaesthetic, auditory, gustatory, olfactory.- Imaging landing site: visual, tactile, kinaesthetic, auditory, gustatory, olfactory.- Dimensionalizing landing site: perceptual to imaging, imaging to imaging.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The variable that in the end prevents happening, defined as the swarm on-rush of events through presence, from collapsing totally into automaticity, destiny, is landing, the surface and voluming of it, and the voluming full of tentativity and potential that flowers in its wake, imaging along. The degree and mode of awareness (reflexiv-ity, imaging) on the landing as it happens, or you/we have it happen as. And world becomes:- Perceptual landing site: visual, tactile, kinaesthetic, auditory, gustatory, olfactory.- Imaging landing site: visual, tactile, kinaesthetic, auditory, gustatory, olfactory.- Dimensionalizing landing site: perceptual to imaging, imaging to imaging.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Prohm, Alan</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">A.V. (Anthropocosmogonic Vastupurushamanism)</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Dan Mellamphy</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Dan</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Mellamphy</KeyNames>
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              <AffiliationIDType>40</AffiliationIDType>
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            <Affiliation>Western University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;“The first volume of The Funambulist Papers is almost published, and I was coming back to you to know if your text for the second one will still be ready to be published around December as we originally talked about,” wrote Léopold Lambert in an October 2013 E-mail. “Taking the risk of being a bit redundant,” he continued, “I’d like to in-sist on the importance of addressing the question of the body, [...] as the essays will come from very different people and it would therefore be great to have [one] object of investigation with so many different approaches.3” Also sprach der Seiltänzer: thus spoke the tightrope-walker, and in this way  —  ambulatorily, via agchibasien  —  was the funis (‘thread’) furnished for the present foray (this very brief essay).&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;“The first volume of The Funambulist Papers is almost published, and I was coming back to you to know if your text for the second one will still be ready to be published around December as we originally talked about,” wrote Léopold Lambert in an October 2013 E-mail. “Taking the risk of being a bit redundant,” he continued, “I’d like to in-sist on the importance of addressing the question of the body, [...] as the essays will come from very different people and it would therefore be great to have [one] object of investigation with so many different approaches.3” Also sprach der Seiltänzer: thus spoke the tightrope-walker, and in this way  —  ambulatorily, via agchibasien  —  was the funis (‘thread’) furnished for the present foray (this very brief essay).&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Mellamphy, Dan</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Ghost in the Shell-Game</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">On the Mètic Mode of Existence, Inception and Innocence</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Nandita Biswas Mellamphy</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Nandita Biswas</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Mellamphy</KeyNames>
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            <Affiliation>Western University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;I begin, then, properly, in and with the proper voice (that of Pierre Ménard).1 To begin, then, anew: The purpose of this study is to create an awareness of the significance of technical objects. Culture has become a system of defense against technics; now, this defense appears as a defense of man based on the assumption that technical objects contain no human reality. We should like to show that culture fails to take into account that there is a human reality in technical reality and that, if it is to fully play its role, culture must come to incorporate technical entities into its body of knowledge and its sense of values. Recognition of the modes of existence of technical objects should be the result of philosophical thought, which in this respect has to achieve what is analogous to the role it played in the abolition of slavery and in the affirmation of the val-ue of the human person. The opposition established between culture and technology, between man and machine, is false and is not well-founded; what underlies it is mere ignorance or resentment. Behind the mask of a facile humanism it hides a reality that is rich in human efforts and natural forces, a reality that constitutes the world of techni-cal objects, mediators between nature and man.2 In Mamoru Oshii’s Inosensu (a.k.a. Ghost in the Shell 2),3 the inextricability of human and technical realities suggests that the established opposition between culture and nature, human and machine, is not only easily subverted, but ultimately so falsifiable that it can be technically manipulated so as to shed light on a dimension that remains indiscernible to human-ism: that it is by way of technical objects and technical existence that human beings most authentically relate to their living milieu and to living processes. Humans play with dolls/automata/avatars and wear masks (faces, façades) as part of their everyday lives, but they are ultimately blind to the technical connectors that animate them: “Life and death come and go like marionettes dancing on a table. Once their strings are cut, they easily crumble.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;I begin, then, properly, in and with the proper voice (that of Pierre Ménard).1 To begin, then, anew: The purpose of this study is to create an awareness of the significance of technical objects. Culture has become a system of defense against technics; now, this defense appears as a defense of man based on the assumption that technical objects contain no human reality. We should like to show that culture fails to take into account that there is a human reality in technical reality and that, if it is to fully play its role, culture must come to incorporate technical entities into its body of knowledge and its sense of values. Recognition of the modes of existence of technical objects should be the result of philosophical thought, which in this respect has to achieve what is analogous to the role it played in the abolition of slavery and in the affirmation of the val-ue of the human person. The opposition established between culture and technology, between man and machine, is false and is not well-founded; what underlies it is mere ignorance or resentment. Behind the mask of a facile humanism it hides a reality that is rich in human efforts and natural forces, a reality that constitutes the world of techni-cal objects, mediators between nature and man.2 In Mamoru Oshii’s Inosensu (a.k.a. Ghost in the Shell 2),3 the inextricability of human and technical realities suggests that the established opposition between culture and nature, human and machine, is not only easily subverted, but ultimately so falsifiable that it can be technically manipulated so as to shed light on a dimension that remains indiscernible to human-ism: that it is by way of technical objects and technical existence that human beings most authentically relate to their living milieu and to living processes. Humans play with dolls/automata/avatars and wear masks (faces, façades) as part of their everyday lives, but they are ultimately blind to the technical connectors that animate them: “Life and death come and go like marionettes dancing on a table. Once their strings are cut, they easily crumble.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <PersonName>Mellamphy, Nandita Biswas</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Portfolio</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Body Weight</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Seher Shah</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>Rhode Island School of Design</Affiliation>
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            <PersonName>Shah, Seher</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This book is the second volume of texts curated specifically for The Funambulist since 2011.1The editorial line of this second series of twenty-six essays is dedicated to philosophical and political ques-tions about bodies. This choice is informed by my own interest in the (often violent) relation between the designed environment and bodies. Corporeal politics do not exist in a void of objects, build-ings and cities; on the contrary, they operate through the continuous material encounters between living and non-living bodies. Several texts proposed in this volume examine various forms of corporeal violence (racism, gender-based violence, etc.). This examination, however, can only exist in the integration of the designed environ-ment’s conditioning of this violence. As Mimi Thi Nguyen argues in the conclusion of this book’s first chapter, “the process of attending to the body — unhooded, unveiled, unclothed — cannot be the so-lution to racism, because that body is always already an abstraction, an effect of law and its violence.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This book is the second volume of texts curated specifically for The Funambulist since 2011.1The editorial line of this second series of twenty-six essays is dedicated to philosophical and political ques-tions about bodies. This choice is informed by my own interest in the (often violent) relation between the designed environment and bodies. Corporeal politics do not exist in a void of objects, build-ings and cities; on the contrary, they operate through the continuous material encounters between living and non-living bodies. Several texts proposed in this volume examine various forms of corporeal violence (racism, gender-based violence, etc.). This examination, however, can only exist in the integration of the designed environ-ment’s conditioning of this violence. As Mimi Thi Nguyen argues in the conclusion of this book’s first chapter, “the process of attending to the body — unhooded, unveiled, unclothed — cannot be the so-lution to racism, because that body is always already an abstraction, an effect of law and its violence.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In June 2010, the New York Times published a feature provocatively titled, “The War is Fake, the Clothing Real,” about David Tabbert, a fashion-conscious costumer for a company that clothes play-acting Afghan or Iraqi insurgents and civilians in war games staged for the United States armed forces.1 “Though Mr. Tabbert, 28, person-ally prefers G-star denim and concert tees, he was on the hunt for 150 dishdashas, the ankle-length garments worn by men in Iraq and elsewhere in the Arab world. In July, actors will wear them in a simu-lated Iraqi village, posing as townspeople, clerics and insurgents at a National Guard training ground in the Midwest.” Of his initial hesita-tion to accept the job, Tabbert notes that while he was not pro-war, “I looked at what we were doing as a positive way to train the soldiers, in light of the fact that they are being deployed anyway.” In educat-ing his eye to create usable profiles, Tabbert studies images on the Internet — “to determine, for example, the exact embroidery on the epaulet of an opposition leader’s military uniform” — and trains oth-ers to do the same, thereby teaching soldiers to distinguish between “bad” and “good” Afghans or Iraqis (or et cetera) by their cover.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In June 2010, the New York Times published a feature provocatively titled, “The War is Fake, the Clothing Real,” about David Tabbert, a fashion-conscious costumer for a company that clothes play-acting Afghan or Iraqi insurgents and civilians in war games staged for the United States armed forces.1 “Though Mr. Tabbert, 28, person-ally prefers G-star denim and concert tees, he was on the hunt for 150 dishdashas, the ankle-length garments worn by men in Iraq and elsewhere in the Arab world. In July, actors will wear them in a simu-lated Iraqi village, posing as townspeople, clerics and insurgents at a National Guard training ground in the Midwest.” Of his initial hesita-tion to accept the job, Tabbert notes that while he was not pro-war, “I looked at what we were doing as a positive way to train the soldiers, in light of the fact that they are being deployed anyway.” In educat-ing his eye to create usable profiles, Tabbert studies images on the Internet — “to determine, for example, the exact embroidery on the epaulet of an opposition leader’s military uniform” — and trains oth-ers to do the same, thereby teaching soldiers to distinguish between “bad” and “good” Afghans or Iraqis (or et cetera) by their cover.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;On June 12, 2013, a two-and-a-half minute amateur recording titled “Taksim’de Gaz saldırısının içinde kalan Kadının acı çığlıkları” was up-loaded on YouTube. It shows what appears to be a sudden as well as massive tear gas assault being conducted against a large crowd gathered  somewhere  in  the  vicinity  of  Istanbul’s  Taksim  square, where people have been protesting against the planed demolition of Taksim Gezi Park since May.This video, however, is striking in a number of ways. The speed at which the gas completely fills the whole area where the large crowd is assembled is astonishing. Forty seconds after the impact of the first cartridges, the sky is not visible anymore: a yellowish and dense smoke fills the entire frame of the image. Then, the camera turns its attention to a young woman nearby.1 Like the author of the video, she finds herself caught in the chemical cloud, on top of an immo-bilized bus, apparently unable to flee. The rudimentary respiratory mask she’s wearing over her mouth is clearly unable to protect her adequately in this situation. The incapacitating effects of the gas are dramatically illustrated by the acute distress she quickly finds herself in: the video shows her as she falls on her knees, screaming. The ex-perience must be terrifying. In her precarious position, the only thing she could do to avoid breathing the gas would be not to breathe at all which, in turn, would mean death. As Sloterdijk once observed, her body is coerced into collaborating to its own demise. It has no choice but to interface with the chemical agent filling the atmosphere&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;On June 12, 2013, a two-and-a-half minute amateur recording titled “Taksim’de Gaz saldırısının içinde kalan Kadının acı çığlıkları” was up-loaded on YouTube. It shows what appears to be a sudden as well as massive tear gas assault being conducted against a large crowd gathered  somewhere  in  the  vicinity  of  Istanbul’s  Taksim  square, where people have been protesting against the planed demolition of Taksim Gezi Park since May.This video, however, is striking in a number of ways. The speed at which the gas completely fills the whole area where the large crowd is assembled is astonishing. Forty seconds after the impact of the first cartridges, the sky is not visible anymore: a yellowish and dense smoke fills the entire frame of the image. Then, the camera turns its attention to a young woman nearby.1 Like the author of the video, she finds herself caught in the chemical cloud, on top of an immo-bilized bus, apparently unable to flee. The rudimentary respiratory mask she’s wearing over her mouth is clearly unable to protect her adequately in this situation. The incapacitating effects of the gas are dramatically illustrated by the acute distress she quickly finds herself in: the video shows her as she falls on her knees, screaming. The ex-perience must be terrifying. In her precarious position, the only thing she could do to avoid breathing the gas would be not to breathe at all which, in turn, would mean death. As Sloterdijk once observed, her body is coerced into collaborating to its own demise. It has no choice but to interface with the chemical agent filling the atmosphere&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <PersonName>Theophanidis, Philippe</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Bodies on the Line</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Somatic Risk and Psychogeographies in Urban Exploration and Palestinian 'Infiltration'</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Hanna Baumann</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>University College London</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Balbuk, an aboriginal woman in Stephen Muecke’s fictocritical trav-elogue No Road (Bitumen all the Way), is a trespasser, a destroyer of private property. She is also merely maintaining her routine, do-ing what she has always done and asserting her relationship with the land irrespective of changing ownership rights and newly-built obstacles. In a similar manner, the two types of infiltrators I discuss here also defy access restrictions in order to claim a space that has been taken away from them. Taking as my starting point the 2013 documentary Infiltrators by Palestinian artist Khaled Jarrar, I juxta-pose practices and discourses of Palestinians who enter Jerusalem without a permit with those of Urban Exploration (Urb-Ex). Urb-Ex, engaged in predominantly by elites in the cities of the global North, involves the recreational physical exploration of derelict and aban-doned locations in the city, but also of exclusive securitised spaces. The practice has become highly visible due to spectacular actions that generated numerous media reports, but also thanks to self-pro-motional films and blogs. (Incidentally, a low-budget action film also titled Infiltrators about urban explorers was released in 2014). While the physical acts involved in these two types of infiltration are similar, the meanings attached to them differ in many, albeit not all, areas. This is an attempt, then, to link descriptions of somatic experience involved in ‘infiltration’ with the psychogeographies they produce, which are in turn also produced by them&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Balbuk, an aboriginal woman in Stephen Muecke’s fictocritical trav-elogue No Road (Bitumen all the Way), is a trespasser, a destroyer of private property. She is also merely maintaining her routine, do-ing what she has always done and asserting her relationship with the land irrespective of changing ownership rights and newly-built obstacles. In a similar manner, the two types of infiltrators I discuss here also defy access restrictions in order to claim a space that has been taken away from them. Taking as my starting point the 2013 documentary Infiltrators by Palestinian artist Khaled Jarrar, I juxta-pose practices and discourses of Palestinians who enter Jerusalem without a permit with those of Urban Exploration (Urb-Ex). Urb-Ex, engaged in predominantly by elites in the cities of the global North, involves the recreational physical exploration of derelict and aban-doned locations in the city, but also of exclusive securitised spaces. The practice has become highly visible due to spectacular actions that generated numerous media reports, but also thanks to self-pro-motional films and blogs. (Incidentally, a low-budget action film also titled Infiltrators about urban explorers was released in 2014). While the physical acts involved in these two types of infiltration are similar, the meanings attached to them differ in many, albeit not all, areas. This is an attempt, then, to link descriptions of somatic experience involved in ‘infiltration’ with the psychogeographies they produce, which are in turn also produced by them&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Palestine Made Flesh</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Sophia Azeb</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>University of Chicago</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In a 1998 opinion piece for Egyptian weekly Al Ahram, Edward Said memorably skewered Yasser Arafat’s intention to issue his second declaration of Palestinian statehood within a year. Said wrote, “I say [statehood] with some irony because, at first glance, the notion of declaring a state for a second time (Algiers, November 1998 was the first) must strike the untutored spectator as inherently funny, since in both instances, except for about 60 per cent of Gaza, there is very little land for this state.”1 Indeed, Arafat’s poorly thought out decrees for statehood never succeeded, resulting instead in the expected Is-raeli backlash against Palestinians living under occupation and within the Israeli state. But as Said went on to criticise the most obvious flaws of the illusive ‘statehood’ Arafat strove for, he made quite a pro-found assertion: “If by declaring that what, in effect, is a theoretical abridgement of true statehood is the first step towards the realization of actual statehood, then one might as well hope to extract sunlight from a cucumber on the basis of the sun having entered the cucum-ber in the first place. This is an example not of serious, but of magical thought, something we have no need of now.”2 Lover of poetry and music though he was, Edward Said seriously devalues the radical potential of imagination in his article. Specifically, he slights the role that imagination plays in creating and sustaining a truly autonomous Palestinian nation. A nation with no land but also no borders; a na-tion with no military but also no war, and a nation with no recognition based on the destructive logics of empire. This is all to say, a nation that is lived without restrictions through the innovative and agile prac-tice of imagining otherwise. This brief essay’s exploration of imagin-ing an ‘other’ way to recognize Palestine pays its respects to Edward Said’s dogged pursuit of liberation, but remembers that Edward Said, like millions of other Palestinians, lived, and died, elsewhere.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In a 1998 opinion piece for Egyptian weekly Al Ahram, Edward Said memorably skewered Yasser Arafat’s intention to issue his second declaration of Palestinian statehood within a year. Said wrote, “I say [statehood] with some irony because, at first glance, the notion of declaring a state for a second time (Algiers, November 1998 was the first) must strike the untutored spectator as inherently funny, since in both instances, except for about 60 per cent of Gaza, there is very little land for this state.”1 Indeed, Arafat’s poorly thought out decrees for statehood never succeeded, resulting instead in the expected Is-raeli backlash against Palestinians living under occupation and within the Israeli state. But as Said went on to criticise the most obvious flaws of the illusive ‘statehood’ Arafat strove for, he made quite a pro-found assertion: “If by declaring that what, in effect, is a theoretical abridgement of true statehood is the first step towards the realization of actual statehood, then one might as well hope to extract sunlight from a cucumber on the basis of the sun having entered the cucum-ber in the first place. This is an example not of serious, but of magical thought, something we have no need of now.”2 Lover of poetry and music though he was, Edward Said seriously devalues the radical potential of imagination in his article. Specifically, he slights the role that imagination plays in creating and sustaining a truly autonomous Palestinian nation. A nation with no land but also no borders; a na-tion with no military but also no war, and a nation with no recognition based on the destructive logics of empire. This is all to say, a nation that is lived without restrictions through the innovative and agile prac-tice of imagining otherwise. This brief essay’s exploration of imagin-ing an ‘other’ way to recognize Palestine pays its respects to Edward Said’s dogged pursuit of liberation, but remembers that Edward Said, like millions of other Palestinians, lived, and died, elsewhere.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Azeb, Sophia</PersonName>
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          <TitleType>01</TitleType>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Corpographies</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Making Sense of Modern War</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Derek Gregory</PersonName>
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              <IDValue>03rmrcq20</IDValue>
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            <Affiliation>University of British Columbia</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In his seminal account of the production of space Henri Lefebvre argued that the triumph of abstract space involved a relentless privi-leging of visualization, an aggressive inscription of “phallic brutal-ity,” and a repression, even a “crushing” of the human body. For Lefebvre, significantly, this “space of calculations” first emerged in the years surrounding the First World War, and although he did not address it in any detail, modern war clearly exemplifies these trans-formations: an intensifying reliance on an optical-cartographic imagi-nary, an excessive capacity for spectacular, masculinized violence, and an exorbitant violation of the human body.2 But if we take Neil Smith’s injunctions about the (co-)production of nature seriously, the dialectic of modern war reveals a second narrative, in which what Lefebvre called “the practico-sensory realm,” comes to the fore. For in order to survive ground troops had to invest in modes of appre-hension that extended far beyond the visual; they remained not only vectors of military violence but also among its victims; and their bod-ies have to be comprehended as intensely physiological and affec-tive organisms.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In his seminal account of the production of space Henri Lefebvre argued that the triumph of abstract space involved a relentless privi-leging of visualization, an aggressive inscription of “phallic brutal-ity,” and a repression, even a “crushing” of the human body. For Lefebvre, significantly, this “space of calculations” first emerged in the years surrounding the First World War, and although he did not address it in any detail, modern war clearly exemplifies these trans-formations: an intensifying reliance on an optical-cartographic imagi-nary, an excessive capacity for spectacular, masculinized violence, and an exorbitant violation of the human body.2 But if we take Neil Smith’s injunctions about the (co-)production of nature seriously, the dialectic of modern war reveals a second narrative, in which what Lefebvre called “the practico-sensory realm,” comes to the fore. For in order to survive ground troops had to invest in modes of appre-hension that extended far beyond the visual; they remained not only vectors of military violence but also among its victims; and their bod-ies have to be comprehended as intensely physiological and affec-tive organisms.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Chamayou's Manhunts</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">From Territory to Space?</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Stuart Elden</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Stuart</NamesBeforeKey>
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            <Affiliation>University of Warwick</Affiliation>
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            <Affiliation>Monash University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This brief article discusses Grégoire Chamayou’s Manhunts, a pow-erful account of human inhumanity, the tracking down and killing of other humans. As he says in his second paragraph:To write the history of manhunts is to write one fragment of a long his-tory of violence on the part of the dominant. It is also to write a history of the technologies of predation indispensable for the establishment and reproduction of relationships of domination.1Chamayou is insistent that his focus is not on a metaphor, but on “concrete historical phenomena in which human beings were tracked down, captured, or killed in accord with the forms of the hunt.”2The main problem has to do with the fact that the hunter and the hunted do not belong to different species. Since the distinction be-tween the predator and his prey is not inscribed in nature, the hunt-ing relationship is always susceptible to a reversal of positions. Prey sometimes band together to become hunters in their turn. The his-tory of a power is also the history of the struggles to overthrow it.3His examples are wide-ranging, from Ancient Greece to the Bible, from exile to slavery to colonialism, and to zombies. The book is strikingly illustrated and has plenty of powerful examples. It pro-ceeds in a non-systematic manner, and is suggestive rather than comprehensive in its cases and references. Nonetheless it is a strik-ing and original analysis.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This brief article discusses Grégoire Chamayou’s Manhunts, a pow-erful account of human inhumanity, the tracking down and killing of other humans. As he says in his second paragraph:To write the history of manhunts is to write one fragment of a long his-tory of violence on the part of the dominant. It is also to write a history of the technologies of predation indispensable for the establishment and reproduction of relationships of domination.1Chamayou is insistent that his focus is not on a metaphor, but on “concrete historical phenomena in which human beings were tracked down, captured, or killed in accord with the forms of the hunt.”2The main problem has to do with the fact that the hunter and the hunted do not belong to different species. Since the distinction be-tween the predator and his prey is not inscribed in nature, the hunt-ing relationship is always susceptible to a reversal of positions. Prey sometimes band together to become hunters in their turn. The his-tory of a power is also the history of the struggles to overthrow it.3His examples are wide-ranging, from Ancient Greece to the Bible, from exile to slavery to colonialism, and to zombies. The book is strikingly illustrated and has plenty of powerful examples. It pro-ceeds in a non-systematic manner, and is suggestive rather than comprehensive in its cases and references. Nonetheless it is a strik-ing and original analysis.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <PersonName>Elden, Stuart</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Nazi Architecture as Affective Weapon</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Gastón Gordillo</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Gastón</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Gordillo</KeyNames>
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            <Affiliation>University of British Columbia</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;One of Adolf Hitler’s most cherished dreams was to build the largest monument ever created. With the guidance of “the chief architect of the Reich,” Albert Speer, he planned to remake Berlin around what he saw as the future core of the Germanic empire: the People’s Hall (Volkshalle), a dome that was to be 290 meters (950 feet) high and able to accommodate 180,000 people. Hitler was so “obsessed” with his gigantic dome, Speer wrote, that he was “deeply irked” when he learned that the Soviet Union had begun constructing an even larger building in Moscow: the Palace of the Soviets. This palace was to be 495 meters (1,624 feet) high and was to be crowned with a huge statue of Lenin. Hitler was furious, for he felt “cheated of the glory of building the tallest monumental structure in the world.” When Hitler ordered the invasion of the Soviet Union in 1941, Speer realized that “Moscow’s rival building” had preyed on Hitler’s mind “more than he had been willing to admit.” As the German armies advanced toward Moscow, Hitler said: “Now this will be the end of their building once and for all."&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;One of Adolf Hitler’s most cherished dreams was to build the largest monument ever created. With the guidance of “the chief architect of the Reich,” Albert Speer, he planned to remake Berlin around what he saw as the future core of the Germanic empire: the People’s Hall (Volkshalle), a dome that was to be 290 meters (950 feet) high and able to accommodate 180,000 people. Hitler was so “obsessed” with his gigantic dome, Speer wrote, that he was “deeply irked” when he learned that the Soviet Union had begun constructing an even larger building in Moscow: the Palace of the Soviets. This palace was to be 495 meters (1,624 feet) high and was to be crowned with a huge statue of Lenin. Hitler was furious, for he felt “cheated of the glory of building the tallest monumental structure in the world.” When Hitler ordered the invasion of the Soviet Union in 1941, Speer realized that “Moscow’s rival building” had preyed on Hitler’s mind “more than he had been willing to admit.” As the German armies advanced toward Moscow, Hitler said: “Now this will be the end of their building once and for all."&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <PersonName>Gordillo, Gastón</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Bodies at Scene</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Architecture as Friction</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Pedro Hernández Martínez</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Pedro Hernández</NamesBeforeKey>
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            <Affiliation>University of Alicante</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;One of the ways to understand architecture, usually the first about which we hear when we begin to study at the university, is to see it as a displayed object. This definition leads to an architecture that is equivalent to a habitable sculpture rather than one which aims to re-alize certain requirements. Le Corbusier’s quote in which he defined architecture as “volumes brought together in light” help to clarify and exemplify this issue. In this essay, I am not interested in focusing on this idea, but instead, I will explain several different ways to dissolve the conception of architecture as an object.One way to overcome this primary condition is to understand archi-tecture as a second skin or an element that establishes relationships between the body and the habitat. Architecture is an apparatus to look and build connections with the outside. Therefore, firstly, architecture is used to maximize certain links while refusing others. In this case, the design acquires a presence over the body of the inhabitant. Architec-ture surrounds it, limits it and restricts its connection with the environ-ment; exposing the inseparability of architecture and its violence over the body.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;One of the ways to understand architecture, usually the first about which we hear when we begin to study at the university, is to see it as a displayed object. This definition leads to an architecture that is equivalent to a habitable sculpture rather than one which aims to re-alize certain requirements. Le Corbusier’s quote in which he defined architecture as “volumes brought together in light” help to clarify and exemplify this issue. In this essay, I am not interested in focusing on this idea, but instead, I will explain several different ways to dissolve the conception of architecture as an object.One way to overcome this primary condition is to understand archi-tecture as a second skin or an element that establishes relationships between the body and the habitat. Architecture is an apparatus to look and build connections with the outside. Therefore, firstly, architecture is used to maximize certain links while refusing others. In this case, the design acquires a presence over the body of the inhabitant. Architec-ture surrounds it, limits it and restricts its connection with the environ-ment; exposing the inseparability of architecture and its violence over the body.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <PersonName>Martínez, Pedro Hernández</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Racialized Geographies and the Fear of Ships</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Tings Chak</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;It was during rush hour when two hundred white-identified individu-als in a forty-foot wood-framed boat descended onto the streets of Toronto. The people were dressed in white t-shirts and the boat was wrapped in canvas painted red and blue. Together they crossed Queen Street West and occupied four lanes of traffic in one of the busiest commercial districts of the city. The ship ‘docked’ outside of the flagship store of the Hudson Bay Company — a former fur-trading corporation that was once the de facto colonial ruler of the region.1Unlike any other mass action I had been to, the crowd seemed to take over the intersection effortlessly. During the fifteen minutes that they held the site, there was no police intimidation, no harassment from onlookers, and only mild frustration from the ebbing crowds.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;It was during rush hour when two hundred white-identified individu-als in a forty-foot wood-framed boat descended onto the streets of Toronto. The people were dressed in white t-shirts and the boat was wrapped in canvas painted red and blue. Together they crossed Queen Street West and occupied four lanes of traffic in one of the busiest commercial districts of the city. The ship ‘docked’ outside of the flagship store of the Hudson Bay Company — a former fur-trading corporation that was once the de facto colonial ruler of the region.1Unlike any other mass action I had been to, the crowd seemed to take over the intersection effortlessly. During the fifteen minutes that they held the site, there was no police intimidation, no harassment from onlookers, and only mild frustration from the ebbing crowds.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <PersonName>Chak, Tings</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Urban Space and the Production of Gender in Modern Iran</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Alex Shams</PersonName>
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              <IDValue>024mw5h28</IDValue>
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            <Affiliation>University of Chicago</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;What  does  an  Islamic  urban  space  look  like?  This  question  has dogged  intellectuals  and  authorities  in  Muslim-majority  lands  for centuries, but in recent decades has acquired a renewed sense of urgency amid the emergence of modernizing Islamist political move-ments. These groups have not only articulated new visions of the pub-lic sphere, mass politics, and economy, they have also increasingly found themselves in positions of authority to shape the cities, regions, and lands in which they work. As these groups have found themselves in control, the revolutionary mandate (and widespread protest slogan) to imagine a politics “neither East nor West, but Islamic” has taken on new meanings, forcing leaders long focused narrowly on legal or constitutional change to recognize the more diffuse and institutional nature of power, and how much the production of space is a part of it.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;What  does  an  Islamic  urban  space  look  like?  This  question  has dogged  intellectuals  and  authorities  in  Muslim-majority  lands  for centuries, but in recent decades has acquired a renewed sense of urgency amid the emergence of modernizing Islamist political move-ments. These groups have not only articulated new visions of the pub-lic sphere, mass politics, and economy, they have also increasingly found themselves in positions of authority to shape the cities, regions, and lands in which they work. As these groups have found themselves in control, the revolutionary mandate (and widespread protest slogan) to imagine a politics “neither East nor West, but Islamic” has taken on new meanings, forcing leaders long focused narrowly on legal or constitutional change to recognize the more diffuse and institutional nature of power, and how much the production of space is a part of it.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Shams, Alex</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Norm, Measure of all Things</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Sofia Lemos</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Architectural  practice  and  theoretical  discourse  has  considered Ernst Neufert’s canonical Architects’ Data (1936) as a product of the search for an optimal built environment based on accounts of a single normative body. In light of the increasing pervasiveness of bespoke biometric solutions and its applications in architecture and design, this essay seeks to offer a different genealogy of the en-tanglement between architecture standards and statistical methods of measuring the social body. This essay draws a speculative history from the point when modern architecture ceases to account for, to become accountable for normalizing that body.Norms, have long inhabited the architect’s toolset. Pertaining to the carpenter’s square or rule norma is first codified in the early nine-teenth century as ‘standard, pattern, model’ as evidence of its com-mon usage. Whereas the vernacular use of the noun ‘norm’ had to do with geometry, with ‘right angles’ and perpendicular lines, its ad-jectival derivation ‘normal’ is defined in 1828 in the Oxford English Dictionary as ‘constituting, conforming to, not deviating or differ from, the common type or standard.’ The emergence of the adjectival form of the noun is the first historical clue that suggests a symbolic shift that happened throughout the eighteenth century from the language of geometry to that of biological matter.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Architectural  practice  and  theoretical  discourse  has  considered Ernst Neufert’s canonical Architects’ Data (1936) as a product of the search for an optimal built environment based on accounts of a single normative body. In light of the increasing pervasiveness of bespoke biometric solutions and its applications in architecture and design, this essay seeks to offer a different genealogy of the en-tanglement between architecture standards and statistical methods of measuring the social body. This essay draws a speculative history from the point when modern architecture ceases to account for, to become accountable for normalizing that body.Norms, have long inhabited the architect’s toolset. Pertaining to the carpenter’s square or rule norma is first codified in the early nine-teenth century as ‘standard, pattern, model’ as evidence of its com-mon usage. Whereas the vernacular use of the noun ‘norm’ had to do with geometry, with ‘right angles’ and perpendicular lines, its ad-jectival derivation ‘normal’ is defined in 1828 in the Oxford English Dictionary as ‘constituting, conforming to, not deviating or differ from, the common type or standard.’ The emergence of the adjectival form of the noun is the first historical clue that suggests a symbolic shift that happened throughout the eighteenth century from the language of geometry to that of biological matter.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <ContentAudience>00</ContentAudience>
          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Lemos, Sofia </PersonName>
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          <TitleType>01</TitleType>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Patterns of Life</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">A Very Short History of Schematic Bodies</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Grégoire Chamayou</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Grégoire</NamesBeforeKey>
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            <Affiliation>French National Centre for Scientific Research</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In his 1956’s Theory of the Dérive, Guy Debord described a Paris map drawn up by an urban sociologist depicting “all the movements made in the space of one year by a student living in the 16th Ar-rondissement”. “Her itinerary,” he remarked, “forms a small triangle with no significant deviations, the three apexes of which are the School of Political Sciences, her residence and that of her piano teacher. The cartographic objectivation of a life form was taken as a starting point for a poetical and political critique of daily life. This was a cri-tique of its narrowness, of its routines, of the reduction of the lifeworld these routine articulate. Debord concluded: “Such data — examples of a modern poetry capable of provoking sharp emotional reactions (in this particular case, outrage at the fact that anyone’s life can be so pathetically limited) [...] will undoubtedly prove useful in developing dérives (drifts)."&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In his 1956’s Theory of the Dérive, Guy Debord described a Paris map drawn up by an urban sociologist depicting “all the movements made in the space of one year by a student living in the 16th Ar-rondissement”. “Her itinerary,” he remarked, “forms a small triangle with no significant deviations, the three apexes of which are the School of Political Sciences, her residence and that of her piano teacher. The cartographic objectivation of a life form was taken as a starting point for a poetical and political critique of daily life. This was a cri-tique of its narrowness, of its routines, of the reduction of the lifeworld these routine articulate. Debord concluded: “Such data — examples of a modern poetry capable of provoking sharp emotional reactions (in this particular case, outrage at the fact that anyone’s life can be so pathetically limited) [...] will undoubtedly prove useful in developing dérives (drifts)."&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <ContentAudience>00</ContentAudience>
          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Chamayou, Grégoire </PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Bee Workers and the Expanding Edges of Capitalism</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Renisa Mawani</PersonName>
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          <KeyNames>Mawani</KeyNames>
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              <AffiliationIDType>40</AffiliationIDType>
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            <Affiliation>University of British Columbia</Affiliation>
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          <LanguageCode>eng</LanguageCode>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In the past year, newspapers in the United Kingdom have reported new exigencies emerging from commercial and public responses to the global decline in honeybees. To offset the devastating effects of colony collapse disorder (CCD), many British residents have turned to beekeeping as a national, global, and environmental responsibility. Despite good intentions, the “boom in bee keeping,” writes the Daily Mail, “may be doing our countryside more harm than good.” A “surge in the number of bumblebee hives means thousands of colonies are being imported” from elsewhere in Europe, and “many of these are riddled with parasites that pose a threat to native species.”1 A study of 48 colonies brought to the UK from European suppliers has revealed high rates of contamination: 77% were infected by parasites harmful to indigenous bee species in the region. Given recent warnings of the long-term effects of CCD, particularly on agriculture and global food production, the government has been listening attentively. Effective January 1, 2015, non-native bee species will only be used “as an emergency measure if native beces cannot be found.”2 In the coming year, “foreign worker bees will be banned from getting jobs pollinat-ing crops when there are millions of redundant British workers.”3 This law is the most recent addition to a series of UK security regulations — including specified “Border Inspection Points” and required health certificates — aimed at restricting the entry of foreign bees.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In the past year, newspapers in the United Kingdom have reported new exigencies emerging from commercial and public responses to the global decline in honeybees. To offset the devastating effects of colony collapse disorder (CCD), many British residents have turned to beekeeping as a national, global, and environmental responsibility. Despite good intentions, the “boom in bee keeping,” writes the Daily Mail, “may be doing our countryside more harm than good.” A “surge in the number of bumblebee hives means thousands of colonies are being imported” from elsewhere in Europe, and “many of these are riddled with parasites that pose a threat to native species.”1 A study of 48 colonies brought to the UK from European suppliers has revealed high rates of contamination: 77% were infected by parasites harmful to indigenous bee species in the region. Given recent warnings of the long-term effects of CCD, particularly on agriculture and global food production, the government has been listening attentively. Effective January 1, 2015, non-native bee species will only be used “as an emergency measure if native beces cannot be found.”2 In the coming year, “foreign worker bees will be banned from getting jobs pollinat-ing crops when there are millions of redundant British workers.”3 This law is the most recent addition to a series of UK security regulations — including specified “Border Inspection Points” and required health certificates — aimed at restricting the entry of foreign bees.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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          <CopyrightOwner>
            <PersonName>Mawani, Renisa</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The philosophical discourse of biopolitics has led to a rediscovery of political agency inherent to the practice of architecture and the production of built form within an urban context. Its assimilation within contemporary architectural thought has largely been through its em-ployment as a critical approach to ideology, colonization or war, rang-ing from Michel Foucault’s disciplinary institutions to Eyal Weizman’s states of control. Most famously polemicized in the first lines of Walter Benjamin’s 1921 seminal essay “Critique of Violence,” an ethics of life is posited as the dialectical opposite from the violence of power.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The philosophical discourse of biopolitics has led to a rediscovery of political agency inherent to the practice of architecture and the production of built form within an urban context. Its assimilation within contemporary architectural thought has largely been through its em-ployment as a critical approach to ideology, colonization or war, rang-ing from Michel Foucault’s disciplinary institutions to Eyal Weizman’s states of control. Most famously polemicized in the first lines of Walter Benjamin’s 1921 seminal essay “Critique of Violence,” an ethics of life is posited as the dialectical opposite from the violence of power.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <Affiliation>Université de Montréal</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Recently as I was strolling through my neighborhood in Montreal, I came across a toy I saw that kids played with in the 1980s: the Cozy Coupe car with a bright yellow body and a red foot-powered chas-sis, a popular toy around that time. I remembered how the car’s cockpit allowed interfacing with familiar surroundings while giving a first sense of leg-powered, seated motility outside the house.In a contemporary videogame, by contrast, motility is delegated through the interface to avatars. One would be quick to think that the issue of delegation or that of the materiality of the interaction through the interface has gone from physical, bodily affect (rep-resented by the 1980s Cozy Coupe, among other toys) to that of an increasingly dematerialized network of programmed bodies in games. But the transition can’t be so easily reduced to this. For example, Ingmar Riedel-Kruse and his team at Stanford University have designed a new set of videogames, this time involving the use of living microorganisms instead of electronically programmed sprites or avatars.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Recently as I was strolling through my neighborhood in Montreal, I came across a toy I saw that kids played with in the 1980s: the Cozy Coupe car with a bright yellow body and a red foot-powered chas-sis, a popular toy around that time. I remembered how the car’s cockpit allowed interfacing with familiar surroundings while giving a first sense of leg-powered, seated motility outside the house.In a contemporary videogame, by contrast, motility is delegated through the interface to avatars. One would be quick to think that the issue of delegation or that of the materiality of the interaction through the interface has gone from physical, bodily affect (rep-resented by the 1980s Cozy Coupe, among other toys) to that of an increasingly dematerialized network of programmed bodies in games. But the transition can’t be so easily reduced to this. For example, Ingmar Riedel-Kruse and his team at Stanford University have designed a new set of videogames, this time involving the use of living microorganisms instead of electronically programmed sprites or avatars.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">~~FJORD~~ AND //DESERT// BODIES~~LEAKING~~ AND //CONTAINED// BODIES</TitleText>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;My fascination with Norway begun early on, before I ever visited the country. Admittedly, it had little to do with the country itself, and its focus was exclusively cartographic. I spent hours musing over the map with a concentration frissoning through my very body and mak-ing my skin tingle. The reason? To my eyes, Norway looked like a human arm that was being slowly, painfully but pleasurably gnawed by the incoming fjords. Its coast emerges like a moth-eaten lace, with its play of blue and yellow that defies the usual clean-cut depiction of cartographic boundaries. I would then compare Norway’s coast to the line that separates Algeria from Mauritania and Mali, a straight, brutal, metallic line cutting the desert in two arbitrary sides. There, my feeling would be one of cleanliness and purity but also incomprehen-sion, suspicion even at how straight it was. And I would return to the intricacy of the coast. I was 6 years old.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;My fascination with Norway begun early on, before I ever visited the country. Admittedly, it had little to do with the country itself, and its focus was exclusively cartographic. I spent hours musing over the map with a concentration frissoning through my very body and mak-ing my skin tingle. The reason? To my eyes, Norway looked like a human arm that was being slowly, painfully but pleasurably gnawed by the incoming fjords. Its coast emerges like a moth-eaten lace, with its play of blue and yellow that defies the usual clean-cut depiction of cartographic boundaries. I would then compare Norway’s coast to the line that separates Algeria from Mauritania and Mali, a straight, brutal, metallic line cutting the desert in two arbitrary sides. There, my feeling would be one of cleanliness and purity but also incomprehen-sion, suspicion even at how straight it was. And I would return to the intricacy of the coast. I was 6 years old.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Dress Becomes Body</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Fashioning the Force of Form</Subtitle>
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            <Affiliation>Concordia University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;“Cut to invent anew,” proposes Rei Kawakubo, owner and designer of the fashion label Comme des Garçons. “Make an abstract image.” “Break the idea of clothes.”“Break the idea of clothes,” has been Kawakubo’s call for over 40 years, a call that has motivated the creation of some of the most intriguing clothing of the late 20th and early 21st centuries, opening up the field of fashion to an architectural potential perhaps unprecedented. With Kawakubo’s insistence that clothes are not a predetermined category, but a proposition according to which a body is invited to continuously reinvent itself, she has led the way toward a textile-based architecting of experience. In this regard, Kawakubo has pushed and continues to push the Spinozist mantra “we know not what a body can do” to its limit, recasting not only the realm of fashion but the way fashion situ-ates itself in relation to other practices, especially that of architecture.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;“Cut to invent anew,” proposes Rei Kawakubo, owner and designer of the fashion label Comme des Garçons. “Make an abstract image.” “Break the idea of clothes.”“Break the idea of clothes,” has been Kawakubo’s call for over 40 years, a call that has motivated the creation of some of the most intriguing clothing of the late 20th and early 21st centuries, opening up the field of fashion to an architectural potential perhaps unprecedented. With Kawakubo’s insistence that clothes are not a predetermined category, but a proposition according to which a body is invited to continuously reinvent itself, she has led the way toward a textile-based architecting of experience. In this regard, Kawakubo has pushed and continues to push the Spinozist mantra “we know not what a body can do” to its limit, recasting not only the realm of fashion but the way fashion situ-ates itself in relation to other practices, especially that of architecture.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">A Sensing Body - A Networked Mind</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Adrienne Hart</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;An inbuilt desire to stray from the path, across the grass in a city park, is one example of how the learned or ‘schooled’ body misbehaves. I’m interested in the tension between our body’s social contract and hard-wired collective behaviour. I’m also interested in what happens when the mind no longer requires a body to communicate. When we sit at a desk computer or peer into a smartphone, our minds log in and our sense of embodied self rapidly decreases. The networked mind locks into a network stream and sends itself to locations far from the host body’s reach. How relevant is the body in an age that allows minds to roam free? Should we fight for the notion of body or are we already floating around in corpses, our vessels proving only to serve some kind of nod or nostalgic reflection to the past?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;An inbuilt desire to stray from the path, across the grass in a city park, is one example of how the learned or ‘schooled’ body misbehaves. I’m interested in the tension between our body’s social contract and hard-wired collective behaviour. I’m also interested in what happens when the mind no longer requires a body to communicate. When we sit at a desk computer or peer into a smartphone, our minds log in and our sense of embodied self rapidly decreases. The networked mind locks into a network stream and sends itself to locations far from the host body’s reach. How relevant is the body in an age that allows minds to roam free? Should we fight for the notion of body or are we already floating around in corpses, our vessels proving only to serve some kind of nod or nostalgic reflection to the past?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <PersonName>Hart, Adrienne</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Dream of Flying - Flying Bodies</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Elena Loizidou</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Is it possible to provide a meaningful relation between dreams of flight, a common variation amongst the form of dreams, and the body? And even if we are capable of doing so, even if we assume that we agree as to how we conceive the body, what kind of path-ways such a relation opens up for us? Would we be able to sense ourselves being moved towards different political, ethical, or aes-thetic directions than the ones that we have been given and taught to obey? Even if we are able through the dream of flying, to see how we can break the mould of formality, would we want to shape the break into a new mould, or would we prefer to remain suspended in air, de-fying gravity? And then again, to desire or want to remould the break provides us with an encounter with an agentic self — a self that can direct its future in this or that way, that perhaps, most probably it can’t exert such agency. Indeed, perhaps the most we can learn from this encounter with the dream of flying is precisely to let go of the chimera of remolding — turning into some form or blue print for the future the sense that such a dream may open up to us.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Is it possible to provide a meaningful relation between dreams of flight, a common variation amongst the form of dreams, and the body? And even if we are capable of doing so, even if we assume that we agree as to how we conceive the body, what kind of path-ways such a relation opens up for us? Would we be able to sense ourselves being moved towards different political, ethical, or aes-thetic directions than the ones that we have been given and taught to obey? Even if we are able through the dream of flying, to see how we can break the mould of formality, would we want to shape the break into a new mould, or would we prefer to remain suspended in air, de-fying gravity? And then again, to desire or want to remould the break provides us with an encounter with an agentic self — a self that can direct its future in this or that way, that perhaps, most probably it can’t exert such agency. Indeed, perhaps the most we can learn from this encounter with the dream of flying is precisely to let go of the chimera of remolding — turning into some form or blue print for the future the sense that such a dream may open up to us.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <PersonName>Loizidou, Elena </PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">The Act of Waiting</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Joanne Pouzenc</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>École Nationale Supérieure d'Architecture de Toulouse</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In a society obsessed with speed and efficiency, there are not so many situations where a body accepts waiting. Most of the times, when waiting is necessary, waiting spaces try to provide the mini-mum comfort for a body to cope with the context: seats, magazines and smart phones provide the mind the mental escape the body needs to stay uncomplainingly inactive while maintaining a distance from the other waiting bodies.In fact, if the space allocated for waiting doesn’t show the specific characteristics of a waiting area — queuing lines poles, peripheral chairs and benches, red digital numbers and their stressful call — the act of waiting becomes less acceptable: the minds seem to be programmed to react to signals they can clearly identify in order to accept a given situation. Logically, the occupied time feels shorter than the unoccupied time or in other terms, time is running faster when it’s not dedicated to waiting. And the number of distractions needed to occupy the minds keeps diversifying: we are seeing now-adays the multiplication of visual displays in waiting places being oc-cupied by moving advertisements aiming to replace boredom with consumerist desires.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In a society obsessed with speed and efficiency, there are not so many situations where a body accepts waiting. Most of the times, when waiting is necessary, waiting spaces try to provide the mini-mum comfort for a body to cope with the context: seats, magazines and smart phones provide the mind the mental escape the body needs to stay uncomplainingly inactive while maintaining a distance from the other waiting bodies.In fact, if the space allocated for waiting doesn’t show the specific characteristics of a waiting area — queuing lines poles, peripheral chairs and benches, red digital numbers and their stressful call — the act of waiting becomes less acceptable: the minds seem to be programmed to react to signals they can clearly identify in order to accept a given situation. Logically, the occupied time feels shorter than the unoccupied time or in other terms, time is running faster when it’s not dedicated to waiting. And the number of distractions needed to occupy the minds keeps diversifying: we are seeing now-adays the multiplication of visual displays in waiting places being oc-cupied by moving advertisements aiming to replace boredom with consumerist desires.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Bodies in Sympathy for Just One Night</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Chrysanthi Nigianni</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;I felt wrapped in its atmosphere, folded in its mood. Toute une nuit (1982) is a film about what happens between two. Happening as repetition. Repetition as stylisation. A stylisation of affect. Affect as image. Sentimentality as aesthetics. Chantal Akerman’s film feels like a choreography of twos, a dance of portraits of intimacy, a diagram of love. 55 dramatic encounters, embraces and separations involving 75 nameless characters, usually couples, lasting anywhere from 30 seconds to five minutes, all arranged in Toute une nuit: all night long, all in a single night.1If we could find a plot or a subject in this film it would be as Catherine Fowler (2003) comments “love, loneliness, eroticism and insomnia,” and throughout its 90-minute duration the film seems to be asking, acting and re-enacting persistently the same question: what is a rela-tion? A question that acquires a heightened tension by being repeat-ed in time, in just this time, in the whole of one night, Toute une nuit.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;I felt wrapped in its atmosphere, folded in its mood. Toute une nuit (1982) is a film about what happens between two. Happening as repetition. Repetition as stylisation. A stylisation of affect. Affect as image. Sentimentality as aesthetics. Chantal Akerman’s film feels like a choreography of twos, a dance of portraits of intimacy, a diagram of love. 55 dramatic encounters, embraces and separations involving 75 nameless characters, usually couples, lasting anywhere from 30 seconds to five minutes, all arranged in Toute une nuit: all night long, all in a single night.1If we could find a plot or a subject in this film it would be as Catherine Fowler (2003) comments “love, loneliness, eroticism and insomnia,” and throughout its 90-minute duration the film seems to be asking, acting and re-enacting persistently the same question: what is a rela-tion? A question that acquires a heightened tension by being repeat-ed in time, in just this time, in the whole of one night, Toute une nuit.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Framing the Weird Body in Contemporary European Cinema</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Ina Karkani</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>Stockholm University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;New filmmaking practices within contemporary arthouse cinema are responding to current socio-political realities with new cinematic im-ages of the human body. They center around grotesque characters embedded within plots of comic absurdity. Particularly, since 2009, a Greek film trend has attracted international attention with the film fes-tival premiere of Giorgos Lanthimos’s social thriller Dogtooth (2009) and its follow-ups Alps (2011) and Attenberg (2010) by Athina Rachel Tsangaris. The films have been produced in the midst of, and as a response to, the current Greek social crisis, which involves an eco-nomic turmoil of rapid transformation and neo-liberalization in a time of ongoing bankruptcy.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;New filmmaking practices within contemporary arthouse cinema are responding to current socio-political realities with new cinematic im-ages of the human body. They center around grotesque characters embedded within plots of comic absurdity. Particularly, since 2009, a Greek film trend has attracted international attention with the film fes-tival premiere of Giorgos Lanthimos’s social thriller Dogtooth (2009) and its follow-ups Alps (2011) and Attenberg (2010) by Athina Rachel Tsangaris. The films have been produced in the midst of, and as a response to, the current Greek social crisis, which involves an eco-nomic turmoil of rapid transformation and neo-liberalization in a time of ongoing bankruptcy.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Building Body</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Two Brief Treatments on Landing Site Theory</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Alan Prohm</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>Technical University of Braunschweig</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The variable that in the end prevents happening, defined as the swarm on-rush of events through presence, from collapsing totally into automaticity, destiny, is landing, the surface and voluming of it, and the voluming full of tentativity and potential that flowers in its wake, imaging along. The degree and mode of awareness (reflexiv-ity, imaging) on the landing as it happens, or you/we have it happen as. And world becomes:- Perceptual landing site: visual, tactile, kinaesthetic, auditory, gustatory, olfactory.- Imaging landing site: visual, tactile, kinaesthetic, auditory, gustatory, olfactory.- Dimensionalizing landing site: perceptual to imaging, imaging to imaging.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The variable that in the end prevents happening, defined as the swarm on-rush of events through presence, from collapsing totally into automaticity, destiny, is landing, the surface and voluming of it, and the voluming full of tentativity and potential that flowers in its wake, imaging along. The degree and mode of awareness (reflexiv-ity, imaging) on the landing as it happens, or you/we have it happen as. And world becomes:- Perceptual landing site: visual, tactile, kinaesthetic, auditory, gustatory, olfactory.- Imaging landing site: visual, tactile, kinaesthetic, auditory, gustatory, olfactory.- Dimensionalizing landing site: perceptual to imaging, imaging to imaging.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">A.V. (Anthropocosmogonic Vastupurushamanism)</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Dan Mellamphy</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>Western University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;“The first volume of The Funambulist Papers is almost published, and I was coming back to you to know if your text for the second one will still be ready to be published around December as we originally talked about,” wrote Léopold Lambert in an October 2013 E-mail. “Taking the risk of being a bit redundant,” he continued, “I’d like to in-sist on the importance of addressing the question of the body, [...] as the essays will come from very different people and it would therefore be great to have [one] object of investigation with so many different approaches.3” Also sprach der Seiltänzer: thus spoke the tightrope-walker, and in this way  —  ambulatorily, via agchibasien  —  was the funis (‘thread’) furnished for the present foray (this very brief essay).&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;“The first volume of The Funambulist Papers is almost published, and I was coming back to you to know if your text for the second one will still be ready to be published around December as we originally talked about,” wrote Léopold Lambert in an October 2013 E-mail. “Taking the risk of being a bit redundant,” he continued, “I’d like to in-sist on the importance of addressing the question of the body, [...] as the essays will come from very different people and it would therefore be great to have [one] object of investigation with so many different approaches.3” Also sprach der Seiltänzer: thus spoke the tightrope-walker, and in this way  —  ambulatorily, via agchibasien  —  was the funis (‘thread’) furnished for the present foray (this very brief essay).&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <PersonName>Mellamphy, Dan</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Ghost in the Shell-Game</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">On the Mètic Mode of Existence, Inception and Innocence</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Nandita Biswas Mellamphy</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;I begin, then, properly, in and with the proper voice (that of Pierre Ménard).1 To begin, then, anew: The purpose of this study is to create an awareness of the significance of technical objects. Culture has become a system of defense against technics; now, this defense appears as a defense of man based on the assumption that technical objects contain no human reality. We should like to show that culture fails to take into account that there is a human reality in technical reality and that, if it is to fully play its role, culture must come to incorporate technical entities into its body of knowledge and its sense of values. Recognition of the modes of existence of technical objects should be the result of philosophical thought, which in this respect has to achieve what is analogous to the role it played in the abolition of slavery and in the affirmation of the val-ue of the human person. The opposition established between culture and technology, between man and machine, is false and is not well-founded; what underlies it is mere ignorance or resentment. Behind the mask of a facile humanism it hides a reality that is rich in human efforts and natural forces, a reality that constitutes the world of techni-cal objects, mediators between nature and man.2 In Mamoru Oshii’s Inosensu (a.k.a. Ghost in the Shell 2),3 the inextricability of human and technical realities suggests that the established opposition between culture and nature, human and machine, is not only easily subverted, but ultimately so falsifiable that it can be technically manipulated so as to shed light on a dimension that remains indiscernible to human-ism: that it is by way of technical objects and technical existence that human beings most authentically relate to their living milieu and to living processes. Humans play with dolls/automata/avatars and wear masks (faces, façades) as part of their everyday lives, but they are ultimately blind to the technical connectors that animate them: “Life and death come and go like marionettes dancing on a table. Once their strings are cut, they easily crumble.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;I begin, then, properly, in and with the proper voice (that of Pierre Ménard).1 To begin, then, anew: The purpose of this study is to create an awareness of the significance of technical objects. Culture has become a system of defense against technics; now, this defense appears as a defense of man based on the assumption that technical objects contain no human reality. We should like to show that culture fails to take into account that there is a human reality in technical reality and that, if it is to fully play its role, culture must come to incorporate technical entities into its body of knowledge and its sense of values. Recognition of the modes of existence of technical objects should be the result of philosophical thought, which in this respect has to achieve what is analogous to the role it played in the abolition of slavery and in the affirmation of the val-ue of the human person. The opposition established between culture and technology, between man and machine, is false and is not well-founded; what underlies it is mere ignorance or resentment. Behind the mask of a facile humanism it hides a reality that is rich in human efforts and natural forces, a reality that constitutes the world of techni-cal objects, mediators between nature and man.2 In Mamoru Oshii’s Inosensu (a.k.a. Ghost in the Shell 2),3 the inextricability of human and technical realities suggests that the established opposition between culture and nature, human and machine, is not only easily subverted, but ultimately so falsifiable that it can be technically manipulated so as to shed light on a dimension that remains indiscernible to human-ism: that it is by way of technical objects and technical existence that human beings most authentically relate to their living milieu and to living processes. Humans play with dolls/automata/avatars and wear masks (faces, façades) as part of their everyday lives, but they are ultimately blind to the technical connectors that animate them: “Life and death come and go like marionettes dancing on a table. Once their strings are cut, they easily crumble.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <Affiliation>Rhode Island School of Design</Affiliation>
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            <PersonName>Shah, Seher</PersonName>
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          <PersonName>Léopold Lambert</PersonName>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Every Economics textbook today teaches that questions of values and morality lie outside of, are in fact excluded from, the field of Economics and its proper domain of study, “the economy.” Yet the dominant cultural and media narrative in response to major economic crisis is almost always one of moral outrage. How do we reconcile this tension or explain this paradox by which Economics seems to have both everything and nothing to do with values?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The discipline of modern economics hypostatizes and continually reifies a domain it calls “the economy”; only this epistemic practice makes it possible to falsely separate the question of value from the broader inquiry into the economic. And only if we have first eliminated value from the domain of economics can we then transform stories of financial crisis or massive corporate corruption into simple tales of ethics.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;But if economic forces establish, transform, and maintain relations of value then it proves impossible to separate economics from questions of value, because value relations only come to be in the world by way of economic logics. This means that the “positive economics” spoken of so fondly in the textbooks is nothing more than a contradiction in terms, and as this book demonstrates, there’s no such thing as “the economy.” To grasp the basic logic of capital is to bring into view the unbreakable link between economics and value.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Every Economics textbook today teaches that questions of values and morality lie outside of, are in fact excluded from, the field of Economics and its proper domain of study, “the economy.” Yet the dominant cultural and media narrative in response to major economic crisis is almost always one of moral outrage. How do we reconcile this tension or explain this paradox by which Economics seems to have both everything and nothing to do with values?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The discipline of modern economics hypostatizes and continually reifies a domain it calls “the economy”; only this epistemic practice makes it possible to falsely separate the question of value from the broader inquiry into the economic. And only if we have first eliminated value from the domain of economics can we then transform stories of financial crisis or massive corporate corruption into simple tales of ethics.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;But if economic forces establish, transform, and maintain relations of value then it proves impossible to separate economics from questions of value, because value relations only come to be in the world by way of economic logics. This means that the “positive economics” spoken of so fondly in the textbooks is nothing more than a contradiction in terms, and as this book demonstrates, there’s no such thing as “the economy.” To grasp the basic logic of capital is to bring into view the unbreakable link between economics and value.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Every Economics textbook today teaches that questions of values and morality lie outside of, are in fact excluded from, the field of Economics and its proper domain of study, “the economy.” Yet the dominant cultural and media narrative in response to major economic crisis is almost always one of moral outrage. How do we reconcile this tension or explain this paradox by which Economics seems to have both everything and nothing to do with values?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The discipline of modern economics hypostatizes and continually reifies a domain it calls “the economy”; only this epistemic practice makes it possible to falsely separate the question of value from the broader inquiry into the economic. And only if we have first eliminated value from the domain of economics can we then transform stories of financial crisis or massive corporate corruption into simple tales of ethics.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;But if economic forces establish, transform, and maintain relations of value then it proves impossible to separate economics from questions of value, because value relations only come to be in the world by way of economic logics. This means that the “positive economics” spoken of so fondly in the textbooks is nothing more than a contradiction in terms, and as this book demonstrates, there’s no such thing as “the economy.” To grasp the basic logic of capital is to bring into view the unbreakable link between economics and value.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <TitleText language="eng">The Retro-Futurism of Cuteness</TitleText>
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        <SubjectHeadingText>cuteness; William Shakespeare; Renaissance literature; Bollywood; Second Life; cultural studies</SubjectHeadingText>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Is it possible to conceive of a Hello Kitty Middle Ages or a Tickle Me Elmo Renaissance? The Oxford English Dictionary dates the first reference to “cute” in the sense of “attractive, pretty, charming” to 1834. More recently, Sianne Ngai has offered a critical overview of the cuteness of the twentieth-century avant-garde within the context of consumer culture. But if cuteness can get under the skin, what kinds of surfaces does it best infiltrate, particularly in the framework of historical forms, events, and objects that traditionally have been read as emergences around “big” aesthetics of formal symmetries, high affects, and resemblances?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The Retrofuturism of Cuteness seeks to undo the temporal strictures surrounding aesthetic and affective categories, to displace a strict focus on commodification and cuteness, and to interrogate how cuteness as a minor aesthetics can refocus our perceptions and readings of both premodern and modern media, literature, and culture. Taking seriously the retro and the futuristic temporalities of cuteness, this volume puts in conversation projects that have unearthed remnants of a “cult of cute”—positioned historically and critically in between transitions into secularization, capitalist frameworks of commodification, and the enchantment of objects—and those that have investigated the uncanny haunting of earlier aesthetics in future-oriented modes of cuteness.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Is it possible to conceive of a Hello Kitty Middle Ages or a Tickle Me Elmo Renaissance? The Oxford English Dictionary dates the first reference to “cute” in the sense of “attractive, pretty, charming” to 1834. More recently, Sianne Ngai has offered a critical overview of the cuteness of the twentieth-century avant-garde within the context of consumer culture. But if cuteness can get under the skin, what kinds of surfaces does it best infiltrate, particularly in the framework of historical forms, events, and objects that traditionally have been read as emergences around “big” aesthetics of formal symmetries, high affects, and resemblances?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The Retrofuturism of Cuteness seeks to undo the temporal strictures surrounding aesthetic and affective categories, to displace a strict focus on commodification and cuteness, and to interrogate how cuteness as a minor aesthetics can refocus our perceptions and readings of both premodern and modern media, literature, and culture. Taking seriously the retro and the futuristic temporalities of cuteness, this volume puts in conversation projects that have unearthed remnants of a “cult of cute”—positioned historically and critically in between transitions into secularization, capitalist frameworks of commodification, and the enchantment of objects—and those that have investigated the uncanny haunting of earlier aesthetics in future-oriented modes of cuteness.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Introduction</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">The Time of the Child</Subtitle>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The  Pokémon  Go  craze  went  global  in  the  summer  of  2016.  Gamers, through their smartphone screens and cameras, could see  an  “augmented  reality”  —  one  animated  by  adorable  poké-mon  that  they  had  to  find,  catch,  and  collect  —  superimposed  on the world around them. Playing the game inside the Victoria and  Albert  Museum  in  London,  we  found  ourselves  mesmer-ized by the eerie entanglement of the embodied works of art all around us and the disembodied figures of cuteness overrunning the place. A strange temporal nexus had transformed and over-taken the museum. There, behind a Greek statue, lurked Pika-chu. Inside one of the major aesthetic archives in the world, we witnessed  not  only  the  backward  mapping  of  the  postmodern  cute  onto  old  artifacts  but  also  the  forward  projection  of  cute  potential  from  the  same  relics  of  art.  Moving  through  a  space  of clashing aesthetic modalities, we were children once more.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The  Pokémon  Go  craze  went  global  in  the  summer  of  2016.  Gamers, through their smartphone screens and cameras, could see  an  “augmented  reality”  —  one  animated  by  adorable  poké-mon  that  they  had  to  find,  catch,  and  collect  —  superimposed  on the world around them. Playing the game inside the Victoria and  Albert  Museum  in  London,  we  found  ourselves  mesmer-ized by the eerie entanglement of the embodied works of art all around us and the disembodied figures of cuteness overrunning the place. A strange temporal nexus had transformed and over-taken the museum. There, behind a Greek statue, lurked Pika-chu. Inside one of the major aesthetic archives in the world, we witnessed  not  only  the  backward  mapping  of  the  postmodern  cute  onto  old  artifacts  but  also  the  forward  projection  of  cute  potential  from  the  same  relics  of  art.  Moving  through  a  space  of clashing aesthetic modalities, we were children once more.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Torturer-Cute</TitleText>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The  stylistic  qualities  of  the  late  medieval  English  play  cycle  known as the Towneley cycle have long intrigued literary schol-ars, with no aspect demonstrating this more clearly than the con-cept of the “Wakefield Master,” the name given to an anonymous playwright deemed to have written the most distinctive sections of the cycle.1 Known for his remarkably inventive uses of poetic form, rhyme words, colloquial expression, and verbal play, the Wakefield Master’s verbal intensity in the cycle has been read in different  ways,  including  as  a  demonstration  of  “the  abuses  of  language” and the moral complicity of poetry (Stevens); as a re-flection of humanity and “the variety of the world” (Meredith); as  evidence  of  anticlericalism  (Dillon);  and  as  critical  com-mentary on the forms of more urban, civic-minded play cycles (Nisse).2 This chapter will focus on what the Wakefield Master’s style says about the affective pursuits of style itself, examining a single  play  from  the  cycle  —  the  Play  of  the  Dice,  which  comes  directly after the Crucifixion play — that seems designed to pose questions  not  only  about  modes  of  verbal  expression  and  the  judgments  that  accompany  them,  but  also  about  the  extent  to  which aesthetic experience can be generated by stylized expres-sion across different, often simultaneous media (verbal, visual, auditory, kinetic). If the Towneley cycle as a whole might be said to  be  characterized,  via  the  ostensible  talents  of  the  Wakefield  Master, by pockets of radical ingenuity, then the Play of the Dice should rightfully be understood as the play in the cycle that is most compulsively preoccupied with innovation as a site of both thematic and formal inquiry.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The  stylistic  qualities  of  the  late  medieval  English  play  cycle  known as the Towneley cycle have long intrigued literary schol-ars, with no aspect demonstrating this more clearly than the con-cept of the “Wakefield Master,” the name given to an anonymous playwright deemed to have written the most distinctive sections of the cycle.1 Known for his remarkably inventive uses of poetic form, rhyme words, colloquial expression, and verbal play, the Wakefield Master’s verbal intensity in the cycle has been read in different  ways,  including  as  a  demonstration  of  “the  abuses  of  language” and the moral complicity of poetry (Stevens); as a re-flection of humanity and “the variety of the world” (Meredith); as  evidence  of  anticlericalism  (Dillon);  and  as  critical  com-mentary on the forms of more urban, civic-minded play cycles (Nisse).2 This chapter will focus on what the Wakefield Master’s style says about the affective pursuits of style itself, examining a single  play  from  the  cycle  —  the  Play  of  the  Dice,  which  comes  directly after the Crucifixion play — that seems designed to pose questions  not  only  about  modes  of  verbal  expression  and  the  judgments  that  accompany  them,  but  also  about  the  extent  to  which aesthetic experience can be generated by stylized expres-sion across different, often simultaneous media (verbal, visual, auditory, kinetic). If the Towneley cycle as a whole might be said to  be  characterized,  via  the  ostensible  talents  of  the  Wakefield  Master, by pockets of radical ingenuity, then the Play of the Dice should rightfully be understood as the play in the cycle that is most compulsively preoccupied with innovation as a site of both thematic and formal inquiry.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Indulgence and Refusal</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Cuteness, Asceticism, and the Aestheticization of Desire</Subtitle>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Centuries before the late nineteenth-century advent of the cute, not  to  mention  its  twentieth-century  flowering  in  consumer-ism,  ascetic  medieval  Christians  resisted  temptation  in  a  way  that  served  to  inflame  desire,  to  make  it  more  acute,  with  the  ultimate goal of eradicating it to achieve greater holiness. Early twenty-first-century  scholars,  such  as  Sianne  Ngai  and  Daniel  Harris,  resist  and  refuse  the  restrictions  of  traditional  scholar-ship to explore critically the so-called minor aesthetic category of cuteness, finding it a form that, like asceticism, also arouses desires  and  embraces  seemingly  incongruous  qualities.  While  asceticism  calls  attention  to  desire  by  denying  its  fulfillment,  cuteness conceals the power of the commodity’s insidious desir-ability behind a masquerade of innocent powerlessness.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Centuries before the late nineteenth-century advent of the cute, not  to  mention  its  twentieth-century  flowering  in  consumer-ism,  ascetic  medieval  Christians  resisted  temptation  in  a  way  that  served  to  inflame  desire,  to  make  it  more  acute,  with  the  ultimate goal of eradicating it to achieve greater holiness. Early twenty-first-century  scholars,  such  as  Sianne  Ngai  and  Daniel  Harris,  resist  and  refuse  the  restrictions  of  traditional  scholar-ship to explore critically the so-called minor aesthetic category of cuteness, finding it a form that, like asceticism, also arouses desires  and  embraces  seemingly  incongruous  qualities.  While  asceticism  calls  attention  to  desire  by  denying  its  fulfillment,  cuteness conceals the power of the commodity’s insidious desir-ability behind a masquerade of innocent powerlessness.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">From "Awe" to "Awww"</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Cuteness and the Idea of the Holy in Christian Commodity Culture</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Claire Maria Chambers</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>Sogang University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Can God, the divine, the absolute, or the holy be cute? A quick foray  into  contemporary  commodity  cultures  associated  with  several  world  religions  yields  “cute”  objects  and  images  that  play mediating roles in the faith lives of practitioners. In South Korean Buddhist temples, small, chubby, plaster monks bought for a few thousand won adorn shrines and altars, accompanying the  prayers  and  intentions  of  the  purchasers.  Buddha  himself  may  be  depicted  on  posters  and  lamp  covers  for  his  birthday  celebration in May as a cutified, childlike being, while at temples devotees  ritually  bathe  a  statue  of  the  Buddha  as  a  small  boy  (figs.  1–4).  Contemporary  Hindus  wanting  to  teach  their  chil-dren  about  the  complex  pantheon  need  look  no  further  than  Sanjay Patel’s The Little Book of Hindu Deities: From the Goddess of Wealth to the Sacred Cow. Each bright spread of the book fea-tures a god, goddess, demon, warrior, or diva as a cute cartoon character  with  round,  exaggerated  eyes.  The  Bala  Krishna,  or  Krishna the divine child, may set some precedent for cute depic-tions of Hindu gods, with his exploits—especially the tale of his butter  thievery  —  captured  in  popular  devotional  images  that  picture him as a soft, round toddler shaded in sky blue.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Can God, the divine, the absolute, or the holy be cute? A quick foray  into  contemporary  commodity  cultures  associated  with  several  world  religions  yields  “cute”  objects  and  images  that  play mediating roles in the faith lives of practitioners. In South Korean Buddhist temples, small, chubby, plaster monks bought for a few thousand won adorn shrines and altars, accompanying the  prayers  and  intentions  of  the  purchasers.  Buddha  himself  may  be  depicted  on  posters  and  lamp  covers  for  his  birthday  celebration in May as a cutified, childlike being, while at temples devotees  ritually  bathe  a  statue  of  the  Buddha  as  a  small  boy  (figs.  1–4).  Contemporary  Hindus  wanting  to  teach  their  chil-dren  about  the  complex  pantheon  need  look  no  further  than  Sanjay Patel’s The Little Book of Hindu Deities: From the Goddess of Wealth to the Sacred Cow. Each bright spread of the book fea-tures a god, goddess, demon, warrior, or diva as a cute cartoon character  with  round,  exaggerated  eyes.  The  Bala  Krishna,  or  Krishna the divine child, may set some precedent for cute depic-tions of Hindu gods, with his exploits—especially the tale of his butter  thievery  —  captured  in  popular  devotional  images  that  picture him as a soft, round toddler shaded in sky blue.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <PersonName>Chambers, Claire Maria </PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">"All the Pretty Little Ponies"</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Bronies, Desire, and Cuteness</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Justin Mullis</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>University of North Carolina at Charlotte</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Bronies  are  adult  male  fans  of  the  hit  animated  TV  series  My Little  Pony:  Friendship  Is  Magic  (2010–present).  It  is  the  latest  incarnation of the 1980s My Little Pony franchise, a toy line of cute plastic pony figures created by Hasbro with an accompany-ing animated series. According to Patrick Edwards and Marsha Redden — the  nation’s  “premiere  bronyologists”  (Orsini) — self-identified  bronies  have  a  medium  age  of  twenty-one  and  are  predominately male, heterosexual, and college educated.1 What makes bronies truly remarkable is the sustained media coverage they have received over the past seven years from a number of diverse outlets.2 Such widespread coverage has thrust brony fan-dom  into  the  public  eye,  transforming  bronies  into  “figures  of  fascination and derision in equal measures” (Manuel). The most popular  assertion,  made  by  both  supporters  and  detractors  of  brony fandom, is that the adult male fans’ affection for Friend-ship  Is  Magic—  a  show  made  for  and  sold  initially  to  elemen-tary-school girls — indicates a shift toward more egalitarian attitudes among North American young men with regards to the gendering of pop media. This egalitarianism has become the key premise of many brony studies, both lay and academic. Edwards and Redden, for example, compare bronies to the hippies of the 1960s  and  their  message  of  peace,  love,  and  understanding  in  the wake of the Vietnam War. Brony fandom thereby emerges as an oppositional response to 9/11 and the ongoing American War on Terror (Stohs-Krause).&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Bronies  are  adult  male  fans  of  the  hit  animated  TV  series  My Little  Pony:  Friendship  Is  Magic  (2010–present).  It  is  the  latest  incarnation of the 1980s My Little Pony franchise, a toy line of cute plastic pony figures created by Hasbro with an accompany-ing animated series. According to Patrick Edwards and Marsha Redden — the  nation’s  “premiere  bronyologists”  (Orsini) — self-identified  bronies  have  a  medium  age  of  twenty-one  and  are  predominately male, heterosexual, and college educated.1 What makes bronies truly remarkable is the sustained media coverage they have received over the past seven years from a number of diverse outlets.2 Such widespread coverage has thrust brony fan-dom  into  the  public  eye,  transforming  bronies  into  “figures  of  fascination and derision in equal measures” (Manuel). The most popular  assertion,  made  by  both  supporters  and  detractors  of  brony fandom, is that the adult male fans’ affection for Friend-ship  Is  Magic—  a  show  made  for  and  sold  initially  to  elemen-tary-school girls — indicates a shift toward more egalitarian attitudes among North American young men with regards to the gendering of pop media. This egalitarianism has become the key premise of many brony studies, both lay and academic. Edwards and Redden, for example, compare bronies to the hippies of the 1960s  and  their  message  of  peace,  love,  and  understanding  in  the wake of the Vietnam War. Brony fandom thereby emerges as an oppositional response to 9/11 and the ongoing American War on Terror (Stohs-Krause).&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Mullis, Justin </PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Consuming Celebrity</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Commodities and Cuteness in the Circulation of Master William Henry West Betty</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Marlis Schweitzer</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Marlis</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Schweitzer</KeyNames>
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              <IDValue>05fq50484</IDValue>
            </AffiliationIdentifier>
            <Affiliation>York University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In  a  shelf  in  the  vaults  of  the  Folger  Shakespeare  Library  sit  several snuffboxes bearing the image of Master William Henry West Betty, the child actor who dominated the British stage be-tween 1803 and 1806 (figs. 1 and 2). Small, pretty, and delicate, these snuffboxes are undeniably “cute,” in keeping with the as-sociation of cuteness with fragility, empathy, and desire (Merish 187).  Like  other  cute  objects,  they  invite  human  touch  despite  their  vulnerable  materiality,  as  if  to  say,  “Hold  me  carefully  or  I  will  break.”  The  tiny  portraits  painted  onto  the  ivory  lids  en-hance the boxes’ cuteness by depicting the “Young Roscius” in his most famous roles, from Shakespeare’s Romeo to the charac-ter of Norval in John Home’s Douglas. In turn, the skillful min-iaturization  of  Betty’s  image  amplifies  the  cuteness  of  the  boy  himself, whom audiences admired as much, if not more, for his physical charms as for his convincing stage impersonations.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In  a  shelf  in  the  vaults  of  the  Folger  Shakespeare  Library  sit  several snuffboxes bearing the image of Master William Henry West Betty, the child actor who dominated the British stage be-tween 1803 and 1806 (figs. 1 and 2). Small, pretty, and delicate, these snuffboxes are undeniably “cute,” in keeping with the as-sociation of cuteness with fragility, empathy, and desire (Merish 187).  Like  other  cute  objects,  they  invite  human  touch  despite  their  vulnerable  materiality,  as  if  to  say,  “Hold  me  carefully  or  I  will  break.”  The  tiny  portraits  painted  onto  the  ivory  lids  en-hance the boxes’ cuteness by depicting the “Young Roscius” in his most famous roles, from Shakespeare’s Romeo to the charac-ter of Norval in John Home’s Douglas. In turn, the skillful min-iaturization  of  Betty’s  image  amplifies  the  cuteness  of  the  boy  himself, whom audiences admired as much, if not more, for his physical charms as for his convincing stage impersonations.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Schweitzer, Marlis </PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Embracing the Gremlin</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Judas Iscariot and the (Anti-)Cuteness of Despair</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Mariah Junglan Min</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Mariah Junglan</NamesBeforeKey>
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              <AffiliationIDType>40</AffiliationIDType>
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            </AffiliationIdentifier>
            <Affiliation>University of Pennsylvania</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Nakamura Hikaru’s manga Saint Young Men (SYM; 聖☆おにいさん) is a slice-of-life comedy that has just entered its eleventh year of serialization. Word is that there are no future plans for an official English translation, due to the volatile religious climate in  the  US  (Thompson);  this  is  sad  news  for  anyone  who  might  enjoy seeing the Apostles Peter and Andrew show up at Jesus’s door for an annual Easter prank, wearing bald caps and kasayarobes and informing him that they’ve decided to convert to Bud-dhism (Nakamura 5:101). The previous sentence might sound at first like a bewildering combination of words, but the situation makes reasonable sense within the context of the series, which takes  as  its  premise  that  Jesus  and  Buddha  are  roommates  on  a  long-overdue  vacation  in  modern-day  Japan.  A  rotating  cast  of  characters  from  both  religions  (as  well  as  from  the  Greco-Roman and Norse pantheons) makes guest appearances in their daily low-key adventures, and Judas Iscariot formally joins the list as well in the same Easter prank chapter.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Nakamura Hikaru’s manga Saint Young Men (SYM; 聖☆おにいさん) is a slice-of-life comedy that has just entered its eleventh year of serialization. Word is that there are no future plans for an official English translation, due to the volatile religious climate in  the  US  (Thompson);  this  is  sad  news  for  anyone  who  might  enjoy seeing the Apostles Peter and Andrew show up at Jesus’s door for an annual Easter prank, wearing bald caps and kasayarobes and informing him that they’ve decided to convert to Bud-dhism (Nakamura 5:101). The previous sentence might sound at first like a bewildering combination of words, but the situation makes reasonable sense within the context of the series, which takes  as  its  premise  that  Jesus  and  Buddha  are  roommates  on  a  long-overdue  vacation  in  modern-day  Japan.  A  rotating  cast  of  characters  from  both  religions  (as  well  as  from  the  Greco-Roman and Norse pantheons) makes guest appearances in their daily low-key adventures, and Judas Iscariot formally joins the list as well in the same Easter prank chapter.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Min, Mariah Junglan</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Cute, Charming, Dangerous</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Child Avatars in Second Life</Subtitle>
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          <ContributorRole>A01</ContributorRole>
          <PersonName>Alicia Corts</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Alicia</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Corts</KeyNames>
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              <AffiliationIDType>40</AffiliationIDType>
              <IDValue>02p804s75</IDValue>
            </AffiliationIdentifier>
            <Affiliation>Saint Leo University</Affiliation>
          </ProfessionalAffiliation>
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          <LanguageCode>eng</LanguageCode>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;What should a society do when a child’s performance isn’t that of a child? In the physical world, society rarely faces that question, needing  only  to  reconcile  the  difference  between  performance  and appearance when faced with a situation such as a celebrity who has undergone plastic surgery or a child who suffers from progeria. A person’s appearance quickly establishes their age be-cause the image of the body acts as a symbol of temporal status in the presentation of self, allowing others to define appropriate-ness in future interactions (Goffman 4–5). The child’s biological body signals others to interact with him or her in ways that are appropriate to his or her developmental level. As the child grows taller and more mature with time, the temporal signs he or she displays change and signal to society that the child is ready for different levels of interaction. Society, in other words, uses the symbol  of  the  temporal  body  as  a  way  of  binding  a  child  to  a  specific set of acceptable performances. The focus of this chap-ter is a world in which the body is no longer held by the tem-porality of biology, making what appears to be a child’s perfor-mance unstable. Virtual worlds mask the biological body of the user behind the digital body of the avatar. While an avatar might look like a child, the user behind the screen is a verified adult, creating temporal dissonance. Using Brian Massumi’s notion of the positional grid and Pierre Bourdieu’s definition of habitus, I want to investigate how this temporal dissonance played out in the early days of one particular virtual world, Second Life, and how that particular virtual society utilized cuteness to regulate performance.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;What should a society do when a child’s performance isn’t that of a child? In the physical world, society rarely faces that question, needing  only  to  reconcile  the  difference  between  performance  and appearance when faced with a situation such as a celebrity who has undergone plastic surgery or a child who suffers from progeria. A person’s appearance quickly establishes their age be-cause the image of the body acts as a symbol of temporal status in the presentation of self, allowing others to define appropriate-ness in future interactions (Goffman 4–5). The child’s biological body signals others to interact with him or her in ways that are appropriate to his or her developmental level. As the child grows taller and more mature with time, the temporal signs he or she displays change and signal to society that the child is ready for different levels of interaction. Society, in other words, uses the symbol  of  the  temporal  body  as  a  way  of  binding  a  child  to  a  specific set of acceptable performances. The focus of this chap-ter is a world in which the body is no longer held by the tem-porality of biology, making what appears to be a child’s perfor-mance unstable. Virtual worlds mask the biological body of the user behind the digital body of the avatar. While an avatar might look like a child, the user behind the screen is a verified adult, creating temporal dissonance. Using Brian Massumi’s notion of the positional grid and Pierre Bourdieu’s definition of habitus, I want to investigate how this temporal dissonance played out in the early days of one particular virtual world, Second Life, and how that particular virtual society utilized cuteness to regulate performance.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Corts, Alicia</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">What's Cute Got To Do With It?</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Early Modern Proto-Cuteness in King Lear</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>James M. Cochran</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>James M.</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Cochran</KeyNames>
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              <AffiliationIDType>40</AffiliationIDType>
              <IDValue>005781934</IDValue>
            </AffiliationIdentifier>
            <Affiliation>Baylor University</Affiliation>
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          <LanguageCode>eng</LanguageCode>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In the past twenty years, the field of cute studies has grown ex-tensively.1  Cuteness,  as  we  conceive  of  it,  has  its  origins  in  the  nineteenth century. According to the Oxford English Dictionary, cute, defined as “attractive, pretty, charming,” comes from “U.S. colloquial and Schoolboy slang,” with its earliest recorded usage in  1834.  Despite  the  origins  of  cuteness  in  the  nineteenth  cen-tury, this chapter searches for earlier traces of cuteness — an early modern  protocuteness  —  asking  if  earlier  structures,  systems,  and concepts anticipate our contemporary definition of cuteness. Do Shakespeare’s works, particularly King Lear, offer insight into a  seventeenth-century  ancestor  of  cuteness?  Can  Shakespeare  speak  to  our  contemporary  cute  age?  Is  Shakespeare  ever  cute?  Drawing  largely  from  Daniel  Harris’s  2000  book  on  aesthetics  and consumerism, this chapter seeks to answer these questions by  offering  a  critical  investigation  of  the  intersection  between  early modern culture and contemporary aesthetics.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In the past twenty years, the field of cute studies has grown ex-tensively.1  Cuteness,  as  we  conceive  of  it,  has  its  origins  in  the  nineteenth century. According to the Oxford English Dictionary, cute, defined as “attractive, pretty, charming,” comes from “U.S. colloquial and Schoolboy slang,” with its earliest recorded usage in  1834.  Despite  the  origins  of  cuteness  in  the  nineteenth  cen-tury, this chapter searches for earlier traces of cuteness — an early modern  protocuteness  —  asking  if  earlier  structures,  systems,  and concepts anticipate our contemporary definition of cuteness. Do Shakespeare’s works, particularly King Lear, offer insight into a  seventeenth-century  ancestor  of  cuteness?  Can  Shakespeare  speak  to  our  contemporary  cute  age?  Is  Shakespeare  ever  cute?  Drawing  largely  from  Daniel  Harris’s  2000  book  on  aesthetics  and consumerism, this chapter seeks to answer these questions by  offering  a  critical  investigation  of  the  intersection  between  early modern culture and contemporary aesthetics.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Hamlet, Hesperides, and the Discursivity of Cuteness</TitleText>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Using  aesthetics  alongside  affect  theory  and  queer  philology,  this  chapter  interrogates  the  ability  of  Shakespeare’s  Hamlet(1604)  and  Robert  Herrick’s  Hesperides  (1648)  to  endure  and  broaden  the  scope  of  what  Sianne  Ngai,  Lori  Merish,  Dan-iel  Harris,  and  others  have  theorized  as  the  cute.  Ngai,  in  Our  Aesthetic Categories: Zany, Cute, Interesting (2012), explains the cute as a contemporary and commodity-driven category, an aes-thetic  that  discloses  a  “surprisingly  wide  spectrum  of  feelings,  ranging  from  tenderness  to  aggression,  that  we  harbor  toward  ostensively subordinate and unthreatening commodities” (1). To consider the cute, then, is to consider our documented fascina-tion with the private, the relations of subjects and objects, and the  power  dynamics  between  the  appreciator  and  the  appreci-ated, adorer and adored. Even so, I suggest we think otherwise. What if we think about the cute less as an aesthetic response to commodity, per se, than a discursivity? Cuteness is an aesthetic category that relies on a spectrum of appreciation, from disin-terested  nonreaction  (think,  for  example,  of  the  inundation  of  “cute” things to respond to on websites like Buzzfeed or Reddit) to a heightened affective experience of an object or artwork, one more closely related to classic Kantian or Burkean experiences of  beauty.  But  aesthetic  experience  demands  a  commodity-driven,  consumptive  closeness  that  Theodor  W.  Adorno  finds  goes  beyond  object  relations  to  fuel  our  relationships  to  texts.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Using  aesthetics  alongside  affect  theory  and  queer  philology,  this  chapter  interrogates  the  ability  of  Shakespeare’s  Hamlet(1604)  and  Robert  Herrick’s  Hesperides  (1648)  to  endure  and  broaden  the  scope  of  what  Sianne  Ngai,  Lori  Merish,  Dan-iel  Harris,  and  others  have  theorized  as  the  cute.  Ngai,  in  Our  Aesthetic Categories: Zany, Cute, Interesting (2012), explains the cute as a contemporary and commodity-driven category, an aes-thetic  that  discloses  a  “surprisingly  wide  spectrum  of  feelings,  ranging  from  tenderness  to  aggression,  that  we  harbor  toward  ostensively subordinate and unthreatening commodities” (1). To consider the cute, then, is to consider our documented fascina-tion with the private, the relations of subjects and objects, and the  power  dynamics  between  the  appreciator  and  the  appreci-ated, adorer and adored. Even so, I suggest we think otherwise. What if we think about the cute less as an aesthetic response to commodity, per se, than a discursivity? Cuteness is an aesthetic category that relies on a spectrum of appreciation, from disin-terested  nonreaction  (think,  for  example,  of  the  inundation  of  “cute” things to respond to on websites like Buzzfeed or Reddit) to a heightened affective experience of an object or artwork, one more closely related to classic Kantian or Burkean experiences of  beauty.  But  aesthetic  experience  demands  a  commodity-driven,  consumptive  closeness  that  Theodor  W.  Adorno  finds  goes  beyond  object  relations  to  fuel  our  relationships  to  texts.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Bollywood’s   sexy   “item   songs”   and   Christopher   Marlowe’s   scenes  of  bodily,  erotic  exchange  are  violently  cute  for  simi-lar  reasons.  They  each  “create  or  facilitate  kinds  of  ‘between-ness’  —  relays,  conduits,  associations  —  that  in  turn  facilitate  the circulation of texts, objects, and signs” (Ngai 115). Bubbling confluences of cuteness and violence, the songs and scenes com-plicate  narratives  of  futurity  by  dismantling  them  from  their  core purpose and position of power, positing nothing concrete in their place — neither in terms of narrative directionality nor in  the  sense  of  purposefulness.  So  often  associated  with  futil-ity  and  fragility,  cuteness  erupts  as  a  violent  instrument  of  or-ganizational  breakdown  in  Marlowe’s  play  Doctor  Faustus  and  Vishal Bhardwaj’s film Omkara (2006). In this chapter I attempt to make explicit the lacerating action within these texts that ren-ders dangerous the invasive potentiality of cute substance. Spe-cifically, I offer readings of two instances of cute laceration — a scene from Doctor Faustus and a song from Omkara — to  high-light the affective irreverence and aggression of cuteness when it collides with normative narratives of biological, reproductive futurity.  While  Marlowe’s  text  focuses  on  the  development  of  cuteness as surreptitious manipulation of normative reproduc-tion,  Bhardwaj’s  film  bursts  with  “sinthomosexual”  cuteness  as  the usurpation of symbolic meaning in narratives of futurity. In each  instance,  cuteness  “item”-izes  itself  as  violence  in  scenes  and gestures that, while seemingly insubstantial in their small-ness, lacerate the central narrative’s spatial and temporal thesis.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Bollywood’s   sexy   “item   songs”   and   Christopher   Marlowe’s   scenes  of  bodily,  erotic  exchange  are  violently  cute  for  simi-lar  reasons.  They  each  “create  or  facilitate  kinds  of  ‘between-ness’  —  relays,  conduits,  associations  —  that  in  turn  facilitate  the circulation of texts, objects, and signs” (Ngai 115). Bubbling confluences of cuteness and violence, the songs and scenes com-plicate  narratives  of  futurity  by  dismantling  them  from  their  core purpose and position of power, positing nothing concrete in their place — neither in terms of narrative directionality nor in  the  sense  of  purposefulness.  So  often  associated  with  futil-ity  and  fragility,  cuteness  erupts  as  a  violent  instrument  of  or-ganizational  breakdown  in  Marlowe’s  play  Doctor  Faustus  and  Vishal Bhardwaj’s film Omkara (2006). In this chapter I attempt to make explicit the lacerating action within these texts that ren-ders dangerous the invasive potentiality of cute substance. Spe-cifically, I offer readings of two instances of cute laceration — a scene from Doctor Faustus and a song from Omkara — to  high-light the affective irreverence and aggression of cuteness when it collides with normative narratives of biological, reproductive futurity.  While  Marlowe’s  text  focuses  on  the  development  of  cuteness as surreptitious manipulation of normative reproduc-tion,  Bhardwaj’s  film  bursts  with  “sinthomosexual”  cuteness  as  the usurpation of symbolic meaning in narratives of futurity. In each  instance,  cuteness  “item”-izes  itself  as  violence  in  scenes  and gestures that, while seemingly insubstantial in their small-ness, lacerate the central narrative’s spatial and temporal thesis.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;A power struggle is inherent to cuteness, to the extent that this struggle,  if  unacknowledged  and  undirected,  will  manifest  it-self  at  the  cute  object’s  expense.  I  examine  this  phenomenon  through  a  close  analysis  of  Katie  Sokoler’s  2012  Tampax  Radi-ant tampon print advertisement and television commercial, and through a comparison of Sokoler to the works of Yayoi Kusama. I work from the colloquial definition of cuteness as “applied to people as well as things, with the sense ‘attractive, pretty, charm-ing’; also, ‘attractive in a mannered way’” (“Cute”). Identified by infantile  physical  characteristics  and  behavior,  associated  with  the feminine and deemed powerless, cuteness is an aesthetic, an affect, and a strategy. My understanding of cuteness comes from personal  experience  and  is  influenced  by  the  work  of  Sianne  Ngai, who argues that[t]here is no judgment or experience of an object as cute thatdoes  not  call  up  one’s  sense  of  power  over  it  as  somethingless powerful. But the fact that the cute object seems capableof making demands on us regardless, as Lori Merish under-scores—a  demand  for  care  that  women  in  particular  often feel addressed or interpellated by — suggests that “cute’” des-ignates not just the site of a static power differential but also the site of a surprisingly complex power struggle.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;A power struggle is inherent to cuteness, to the extent that this struggle,  if  unacknowledged  and  undirected,  will  manifest  it-self  at  the  cute  object’s  expense.  I  examine  this  phenomenon  through  a  close  analysis  of  Katie  Sokoler’s  2012  Tampax  Radi-ant tampon print advertisement and television commercial, and through a comparison of Sokoler to the works of Yayoi Kusama. I work from the colloquial definition of cuteness as “applied to people as well as things, with the sense ‘attractive, pretty, charm-ing’; also, ‘attractive in a mannered way’” (“Cute”). Identified by infantile  physical  characteristics  and  behavior,  associated  with  the feminine and deemed powerless, cuteness is an aesthetic, an affect, and a strategy. My understanding of cuteness comes from personal  experience  and  is  influenced  by  the  work  of  Sianne  Ngai, who argues that[t]here is no judgment or experience of an object as cute thatdoes  not  call  up  one’s  sense  of  power  over  it  as  somethingless powerful. But the fact that the cute object seems capableof making demands on us regardless, as Lori Merish under-scores—a  demand  for  care  that  women  in  particular  often feel addressed or interpellated by — suggests that “cute’” des-ignates not just the site of a static power differential but also the site of a surprisingly complex power struggle.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <SubjectHeadingText>cuteness; William Shakespeare; Renaissance literature; Bollywood; Second Life; cultural studies</SubjectHeadingText>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Is it possible to conceive of a Hello Kitty Middle Ages or a Tickle Me Elmo Renaissance? The Oxford English Dictionary dates the first reference to “cute” in the sense of “attractive, pretty, charming” to 1834. More recently, Sianne Ngai has offered a critical overview of the cuteness of the twentieth-century avant-garde within the context of consumer culture. But if cuteness can get under the skin, what kinds of surfaces does it best infiltrate, particularly in the framework of historical forms, events, and objects that traditionally have been read as emergences around “big” aesthetics of formal symmetries, high affects, and resemblances?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The Retrofuturism of Cuteness seeks to undo the temporal strictures surrounding aesthetic and affective categories, to displace a strict focus on commodification and cuteness, and to interrogate how cuteness as a minor aesthetics can refocus our perceptions and readings of both premodern and modern media, literature, and culture. Taking seriously the retro and the futuristic temporalities of cuteness, this volume puts in conversation projects that have unearthed remnants of a “cult of cute”—positioned historically and critically in between transitions into secularization, capitalist frameworks of commodification, and the enchantment of objects—and those that have investigated the uncanny haunting of earlier aesthetics in future-oriented modes of cuteness.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Is it possible to conceive of a Hello Kitty Middle Ages or a Tickle Me Elmo Renaissance? The Oxford English Dictionary dates the first reference to “cute” in the sense of “attractive, pretty, charming” to 1834. More recently, Sianne Ngai has offered a critical overview of the cuteness of the twentieth-century avant-garde within the context of consumer culture. But if cuteness can get under the skin, what kinds of surfaces does it best infiltrate, particularly in the framework of historical forms, events, and objects that traditionally have been read as emergences around “big” aesthetics of formal symmetries, high affects, and resemblances?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The Retrofuturism of Cuteness seeks to undo the temporal strictures surrounding aesthetic and affective categories, to displace a strict focus on commodification and cuteness, and to interrogate how cuteness as a minor aesthetics can refocus our perceptions and readings of both premodern and modern media, literature, and culture. Taking seriously the retro and the futuristic temporalities of cuteness, this volume puts in conversation projects that have unearthed remnants of a “cult of cute”—positioned historically and critically in between transitions into secularization, capitalist frameworks of commodification, and the enchantment of objects—and those that have investigated the uncanny haunting of earlier aesthetics in future-oriented modes of cuteness.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Introduction</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">The Time of the Child</Subtitle>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The  Pokémon  Go  craze  went  global  in  the  summer  of  2016.  Gamers, through their smartphone screens and cameras, could see  an  “augmented  reality”  —  one  animated  by  adorable  poké-mon  that  they  had  to  find,  catch,  and  collect  —  superimposed  on the world around them. Playing the game inside the Victoria and  Albert  Museum  in  London,  we  found  ourselves  mesmer-ized by the eerie entanglement of the embodied works of art all around us and the disembodied figures of cuteness overrunning the place. A strange temporal nexus had transformed and over-taken the museum. There, behind a Greek statue, lurked Pika-chu. Inside one of the major aesthetic archives in the world, we witnessed  not  only  the  backward  mapping  of  the  postmodern  cute  onto  old  artifacts  but  also  the  forward  projection  of  cute  potential  from  the  same  relics  of  art.  Moving  through  a  space  of clashing aesthetic modalities, we were children once more.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The  Pokémon  Go  craze  went  global  in  the  summer  of  2016.  Gamers, through their smartphone screens and cameras, could see  an  “augmented  reality”  —  one  animated  by  adorable  poké-mon  that  they  had  to  find,  catch,  and  collect  —  superimposed  on the world around them. Playing the game inside the Victoria and  Albert  Museum  in  London,  we  found  ourselves  mesmer-ized by the eerie entanglement of the embodied works of art all around us and the disembodied figures of cuteness overrunning the place. A strange temporal nexus had transformed and over-taken the museum. There, behind a Greek statue, lurked Pika-chu. Inside one of the major aesthetic archives in the world, we witnessed  not  only  the  backward  mapping  of  the  postmodern  cute  onto  old  artifacts  but  also  the  forward  projection  of  cute  potential  from  the  same  relics  of  art.  Moving  through  a  space  of clashing aesthetic modalities, we were children once more.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The  stylistic  qualities  of  the  late  medieval  English  play  cycle  known as the Towneley cycle have long intrigued literary schol-ars, with no aspect demonstrating this more clearly than the con-cept of the “Wakefield Master,” the name given to an anonymous playwright deemed to have written the most distinctive sections of the cycle.1 Known for his remarkably inventive uses of poetic form, rhyme words, colloquial expression, and verbal play, the Wakefield Master’s verbal intensity in the cycle has been read in different  ways,  including  as  a  demonstration  of  “the  abuses  of  language” and the moral complicity of poetry (Stevens); as a re-flection of humanity and “the variety of the world” (Meredith); as  evidence  of  anticlericalism  (Dillon);  and  as  critical  com-mentary on the forms of more urban, civic-minded play cycles (Nisse).2 This chapter will focus on what the Wakefield Master’s style says about the affective pursuits of style itself, examining a single  play  from  the  cycle  —  the  Play  of  the  Dice,  which  comes  directly after the Crucifixion play — that seems designed to pose questions  not  only  about  modes  of  verbal  expression  and  the  judgments  that  accompany  them,  but  also  about  the  extent  to  which aesthetic experience can be generated by stylized expres-sion across different, often simultaneous media (verbal, visual, auditory, kinetic). If the Towneley cycle as a whole might be said to  be  characterized,  via  the  ostensible  talents  of  the  Wakefield  Master, by pockets of radical ingenuity, then the Play of the Dice should rightfully be understood as the play in the cycle that is most compulsively preoccupied with innovation as a site of both thematic and formal inquiry.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The  stylistic  qualities  of  the  late  medieval  English  play  cycle  known as the Towneley cycle have long intrigued literary schol-ars, with no aspect demonstrating this more clearly than the con-cept of the “Wakefield Master,” the name given to an anonymous playwright deemed to have written the most distinctive sections of the cycle.1 Known for his remarkably inventive uses of poetic form, rhyme words, colloquial expression, and verbal play, the Wakefield Master’s verbal intensity in the cycle has been read in different  ways,  including  as  a  demonstration  of  “the  abuses  of  language” and the moral complicity of poetry (Stevens); as a re-flection of humanity and “the variety of the world” (Meredith); as  evidence  of  anticlericalism  (Dillon);  and  as  critical  com-mentary on the forms of more urban, civic-minded play cycles (Nisse).2 This chapter will focus on what the Wakefield Master’s style says about the affective pursuits of style itself, examining a single  play  from  the  cycle  —  the  Play  of  the  Dice,  which  comes  directly after the Crucifixion play — that seems designed to pose questions  not  only  about  modes  of  verbal  expression  and  the  judgments  that  accompany  them,  but  also  about  the  extent  to  which aesthetic experience can be generated by stylized expres-sion across different, often simultaneous media (verbal, visual, auditory, kinetic). If the Towneley cycle as a whole might be said to  be  characterized,  via  the  ostensible  talents  of  the  Wakefield  Master, by pockets of radical ingenuity, then the Play of the Dice should rightfully be understood as the play in the cycle that is most compulsively preoccupied with innovation as a site of both thematic and formal inquiry.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <Subtitle language="eng">Cuteness, Asceticism, and the Aestheticization of Desire</Subtitle>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Centuries before the late nineteenth-century advent of the cute, not  to  mention  its  twentieth-century  flowering  in  consumer-ism,  ascetic  medieval  Christians  resisted  temptation  in  a  way  that  served  to  inflame  desire,  to  make  it  more  acute,  with  the  ultimate goal of eradicating it to achieve greater holiness. Early twenty-first-century  scholars,  such  as  Sianne  Ngai  and  Daniel  Harris,  resist  and  refuse  the  restrictions  of  traditional  scholar-ship to explore critically the so-called minor aesthetic category of cuteness, finding it a form that, like asceticism, also arouses desires  and  embraces  seemingly  incongruous  qualities.  While  asceticism  calls  attention  to  desire  by  denying  its  fulfillment,  cuteness conceals the power of the commodity’s insidious desir-ability behind a masquerade of innocent powerlessness.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Centuries before the late nineteenth-century advent of the cute, not  to  mention  its  twentieth-century  flowering  in  consumer-ism,  ascetic  medieval  Christians  resisted  temptation  in  a  way  that  served  to  inflame  desire,  to  make  it  more  acute,  with  the  ultimate goal of eradicating it to achieve greater holiness. Early twenty-first-century  scholars,  such  as  Sianne  Ngai  and  Daniel  Harris,  resist  and  refuse  the  restrictions  of  traditional  scholar-ship to explore critically the so-called minor aesthetic category of cuteness, finding it a form that, like asceticism, also arouses desires  and  embraces  seemingly  incongruous  qualities.  While  asceticism  calls  attention  to  desire  by  denying  its  fulfillment,  cuteness conceals the power of the commodity’s insidious desir-ability behind a masquerade of innocent powerlessness.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <CopyrightOwner>
            <PersonName>Howie, Elizabeth</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">From "Awe" to "Awww"</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Cuteness and the Idea of the Holy in Christian Commodity Culture</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Claire Maria Chambers</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Claire Maria</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Chambers</KeyNames>
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              <AffiliationIDType>40</AffiliationIDType>
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            <Affiliation>Sogang University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Can God, the divine, the absolute, or the holy be cute? A quick foray  into  contemporary  commodity  cultures  associated  with  several  world  religions  yields  “cute”  objects  and  images  that  play mediating roles in the faith lives of practitioners. In South Korean Buddhist temples, small, chubby, plaster monks bought for a few thousand won adorn shrines and altars, accompanying the  prayers  and  intentions  of  the  purchasers.  Buddha  himself  may  be  depicted  on  posters  and  lamp  covers  for  his  birthday  celebration in May as a cutified, childlike being, while at temples devotees  ritually  bathe  a  statue  of  the  Buddha  as  a  small  boy  (figs.  1–4).  Contemporary  Hindus  wanting  to  teach  their  chil-dren  about  the  complex  pantheon  need  look  no  further  than  Sanjay Patel’s The Little Book of Hindu Deities: From the Goddess of Wealth to the Sacred Cow. Each bright spread of the book fea-tures a god, goddess, demon, warrior, or diva as a cute cartoon character  with  round,  exaggerated  eyes.  The  Bala  Krishna,  or  Krishna the divine child, may set some precedent for cute depic-tions of Hindu gods, with his exploits—especially the tale of his butter  thievery  —  captured  in  popular  devotional  images  that  picture him as a soft, round toddler shaded in sky blue.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Can God, the divine, the absolute, or the holy be cute? A quick foray  into  contemporary  commodity  cultures  associated  with  several  world  religions  yields  “cute”  objects  and  images  that  play mediating roles in the faith lives of practitioners. In South Korean Buddhist temples, small, chubby, plaster monks bought for a few thousand won adorn shrines and altars, accompanying the  prayers  and  intentions  of  the  purchasers.  Buddha  himself  may  be  depicted  on  posters  and  lamp  covers  for  his  birthday  celebration in May as a cutified, childlike being, while at temples devotees  ritually  bathe  a  statue  of  the  Buddha  as  a  small  boy  (figs.  1–4).  Contemporary  Hindus  wanting  to  teach  their  chil-dren  about  the  complex  pantheon  need  look  no  further  than  Sanjay Patel’s The Little Book of Hindu Deities: From the Goddess of Wealth to the Sacred Cow. Each bright spread of the book fea-tures a god, goddess, demon, warrior, or diva as a cute cartoon character  with  round,  exaggerated  eyes.  The  Bala  Krishna,  or  Krishna the divine child, may set some precedent for cute depic-tions of Hindu gods, with his exploits—especially the tale of his butter  thievery  —  captured  in  popular  devotional  images  that  picture him as a soft, round toddler shaded in sky blue.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Chambers, Claire Maria </PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">"All the Pretty Little Ponies"</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Bronies, Desire, and Cuteness</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Justin Mullis</PersonName>
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              <IDValue>04dawnj30</IDValue>
            </AffiliationIdentifier>
            <Affiliation>University of North Carolina at Charlotte</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Bronies  are  adult  male  fans  of  the  hit  animated  TV  series  My Little  Pony:  Friendship  Is  Magic  (2010–present).  It  is  the  latest  incarnation of the 1980s My Little Pony franchise, a toy line of cute plastic pony figures created by Hasbro with an accompany-ing animated series. According to Patrick Edwards and Marsha Redden — the  nation’s  “premiere  bronyologists”  (Orsini) — self-identified  bronies  have  a  medium  age  of  twenty-one  and  are  predominately male, heterosexual, and college educated.1 What makes bronies truly remarkable is the sustained media coverage they have received over the past seven years from a number of diverse outlets.2 Such widespread coverage has thrust brony fan-dom  into  the  public  eye,  transforming  bronies  into  “figures  of  fascination and derision in equal measures” (Manuel). The most popular  assertion,  made  by  both  supporters  and  detractors  of  brony fandom, is that the adult male fans’ affection for Friend-ship  Is  Magic—  a  show  made  for  and  sold  initially  to  elemen-tary-school girls — indicates a shift toward more egalitarian attitudes among North American young men with regards to the gendering of pop media. This egalitarianism has become the key premise of many brony studies, both lay and academic. Edwards and Redden, for example, compare bronies to the hippies of the 1960s  and  their  message  of  peace,  love,  and  understanding  in  the wake of the Vietnam War. Brony fandom thereby emerges as an oppositional response to 9/11 and the ongoing American War on Terror (Stohs-Krause).&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Bronies  are  adult  male  fans  of  the  hit  animated  TV  series  My Little  Pony:  Friendship  Is  Magic  (2010–present).  It  is  the  latest  incarnation of the 1980s My Little Pony franchise, a toy line of cute plastic pony figures created by Hasbro with an accompany-ing animated series. According to Patrick Edwards and Marsha Redden — the  nation’s  “premiere  bronyologists”  (Orsini) — self-identified  bronies  have  a  medium  age  of  twenty-one  and  are  predominately male, heterosexual, and college educated.1 What makes bronies truly remarkable is the sustained media coverage they have received over the past seven years from a number of diverse outlets.2 Such widespread coverage has thrust brony fan-dom  into  the  public  eye,  transforming  bronies  into  “figures  of  fascination and derision in equal measures” (Manuel). The most popular  assertion,  made  by  both  supporters  and  detractors  of  brony fandom, is that the adult male fans’ affection for Friend-ship  Is  Magic—  a  show  made  for  and  sold  initially  to  elemen-tary-school girls — indicates a shift toward more egalitarian attitudes among North American young men with regards to the gendering of pop media. This egalitarianism has become the key premise of many brony studies, both lay and academic. Edwards and Redden, for example, compare bronies to the hippies of the 1960s  and  their  message  of  peace,  love,  and  understanding  in  the wake of the Vietnam War. Brony fandom thereby emerges as an oppositional response to 9/11 and the ongoing American War on Terror (Stohs-Krause).&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <ContentAudience>00</ContentAudience>
          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Mullis, Justin </PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Consuming Celebrity</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Commodities and Cuteness in the Circulation of Master William Henry West Betty</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Marlis Schweitzer</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Marlis</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Schweitzer</KeyNames>
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              <AffiliationIDType>40</AffiliationIDType>
              <IDValue>05fq50484</IDValue>
            </AffiliationIdentifier>
            <Affiliation>York University</Affiliation>
          </ProfessionalAffiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In  a  shelf  in  the  vaults  of  the  Folger  Shakespeare  Library  sit  several snuffboxes bearing the image of Master William Henry West Betty, the child actor who dominated the British stage be-tween 1803 and 1806 (figs. 1 and 2). Small, pretty, and delicate, these snuffboxes are undeniably “cute,” in keeping with the as-sociation of cuteness with fragility, empathy, and desire (Merish 187).  Like  other  cute  objects,  they  invite  human  touch  despite  their  vulnerable  materiality,  as  if  to  say,  “Hold  me  carefully  or  I  will  break.”  The  tiny  portraits  painted  onto  the  ivory  lids  en-hance the boxes’ cuteness by depicting the “Young Roscius” in his most famous roles, from Shakespeare’s Romeo to the charac-ter of Norval in John Home’s Douglas. In turn, the skillful min-iaturization  of  Betty’s  image  amplifies  the  cuteness  of  the  boy  himself, whom audiences admired as much, if not more, for his physical charms as for his convincing stage impersonations.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In  a  shelf  in  the  vaults  of  the  Folger  Shakespeare  Library  sit  several snuffboxes bearing the image of Master William Henry West Betty, the child actor who dominated the British stage be-tween 1803 and 1806 (figs. 1 and 2). Small, pretty, and delicate, these snuffboxes are undeniably “cute,” in keeping with the as-sociation of cuteness with fragility, empathy, and desire (Merish 187).  Like  other  cute  objects,  they  invite  human  touch  despite  their  vulnerable  materiality,  as  if  to  say,  “Hold  me  carefully  or  I  will  break.”  The  tiny  portraits  painted  onto  the  ivory  lids  en-hance the boxes’ cuteness by depicting the “Young Roscius” in his most famous roles, from Shakespeare’s Romeo to the charac-ter of Norval in John Home’s Douglas. In turn, the skillful min-iaturization  of  Betty’s  image  amplifies  the  cuteness  of  the  boy  himself, whom audiences admired as much, if not more, for his physical charms as for his convincing stage impersonations.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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          <CopyrightOwner>
            <PersonName>Schweitzer, Marlis </PersonName>
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        <TitleDetail>
          <TitleType>01</TitleType>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Embracing the Gremlin</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Judas Iscariot and the (Anti-)Cuteness of Despair</Subtitle>
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          <ContributorRole>A01</ContributorRole>
          <PersonName>Mariah Junglan Min</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Mariah Junglan</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Min</KeyNames>
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              <AffiliationIDType>40</AffiliationIDType>
              <IDValue>00b30xv10</IDValue>
            </AffiliationIdentifier>
            <Affiliation>University of Pennsylvania</Affiliation>
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          <LanguageCode>eng</LanguageCode>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Nakamura Hikaru’s manga Saint Young Men (SYM; 聖☆おにいさん) is a slice-of-life comedy that has just entered its eleventh year of serialization. Word is that there are no future plans for an official English translation, due to the volatile religious climate in  the  US  (Thompson);  this  is  sad  news  for  anyone  who  might  enjoy seeing the Apostles Peter and Andrew show up at Jesus’s door for an annual Easter prank, wearing bald caps and kasayarobes and informing him that they’ve decided to convert to Bud-dhism (Nakamura 5:101). The previous sentence might sound at first like a bewildering combination of words, but the situation makes reasonable sense within the context of the series, which takes  as  its  premise  that  Jesus  and  Buddha  are  roommates  on  a  long-overdue  vacation  in  modern-day  Japan.  A  rotating  cast  of  characters  from  both  religions  (as  well  as  from  the  Greco-Roman and Norse pantheons) makes guest appearances in their daily low-key adventures, and Judas Iscariot formally joins the list as well in the same Easter prank chapter.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Nakamura Hikaru’s manga Saint Young Men (SYM; 聖☆おにいさん) is a slice-of-life comedy that has just entered its eleventh year of serialization. Word is that there are no future plans for an official English translation, due to the volatile religious climate in  the  US  (Thompson);  this  is  sad  news  for  anyone  who  might  enjoy seeing the Apostles Peter and Andrew show up at Jesus’s door for an annual Easter prank, wearing bald caps and kasayarobes and informing him that they’ve decided to convert to Bud-dhism (Nakamura 5:101). The previous sentence might sound at first like a bewildering combination of words, but the situation makes reasonable sense within the context of the series, which takes  as  its  premise  that  Jesus  and  Buddha  are  roommates  on  a  long-overdue  vacation  in  modern-day  Japan.  A  rotating  cast  of  characters  from  both  religions  (as  well  as  from  the  Greco-Roman and Norse pantheons) makes guest appearances in their daily low-key adventures, and Judas Iscariot formally joins the list as well in the same Easter prank chapter.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Min, Mariah Junglan</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Cute, Charming, Dangerous</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Child Avatars in Second Life</Subtitle>
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          <SequenceNumber>1</SequenceNumber>
          <ContributorRole>A01</ContributorRole>
          <PersonName>Alicia Corts</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Alicia</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Corts</KeyNames>
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              <AffiliationIDType>40</AffiliationIDType>
              <IDValue>02p804s75</IDValue>
            </AffiliationIdentifier>
            <Affiliation>Saint Leo University</Affiliation>
          </ProfessionalAffiliation>
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          <LanguageCode>eng</LanguageCode>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;What should a society do when a child’s performance isn’t that of a child? In the physical world, society rarely faces that question, needing  only  to  reconcile  the  difference  between  performance  and appearance when faced with a situation such as a celebrity who has undergone plastic surgery or a child who suffers from progeria. A person’s appearance quickly establishes their age be-cause the image of the body acts as a symbol of temporal status in the presentation of self, allowing others to define appropriate-ness in future interactions (Goffman 4–5). The child’s biological body signals others to interact with him or her in ways that are appropriate to his or her developmental level. As the child grows taller and more mature with time, the temporal signs he or she displays change and signal to society that the child is ready for different levels of interaction. Society, in other words, uses the symbol  of  the  temporal  body  as  a  way  of  binding  a  child  to  a  specific set of acceptable performances. The focus of this chap-ter is a world in which the body is no longer held by the tem-porality of biology, making what appears to be a child’s perfor-mance unstable. Virtual worlds mask the biological body of the user behind the digital body of the avatar. While an avatar might look like a child, the user behind the screen is a verified adult, creating temporal dissonance. Using Brian Massumi’s notion of the positional grid and Pierre Bourdieu’s definition of habitus, I want to investigate how this temporal dissonance played out in the early days of one particular virtual world, Second Life, and how that particular virtual society utilized cuteness to regulate performance.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;What should a society do when a child’s performance isn’t that of a child? In the physical world, society rarely faces that question, needing  only  to  reconcile  the  difference  between  performance  and appearance when faced with a situation such as a celebrity who has undergone plastic surgery or a child who suffers from progeria. A person’s appearance quickly establishes their age be-cause the image of the body acts as a symbol of temporal status in the presentation of self, allowing others to define appropriate-ness in future interactions (Goffman 4–5). The child’s biological body signals others to interact with him or her in ways that are appropriate to his or her developmental level. As the child grows taller and more mature with time, the temporal signs he or she displays change and signal to society that the child is ready for different levels of interaction. Society, in other words, uses the symbol  of  the  temporal  body  as  a  way  of  binding  a  child  to  a  specific set of acceptable performances. The focus of this chap-ter is a world in which the body is no longer held by the tem-porality of biology, making what appears to be a child’s perfor-mance unstable. Virtual worlds mask the biological body of the user behind the digital body of the avatar. While an avatar might look like a child, the user behind the screen is a verified adult, creating temporal dissonance. Using Brian Massumi’s notion of the positional grid and Pierre Bourdieu’s definition of habitus, I want to investigate how this temporal dissonance played out in the early days of one particular virtual world, Second Life, and how that particular virtual society utilized cuteness to regulate performance.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Corts, Alicia</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In the past twenty years, the field of cute studies has grown ex-tensively.1  Cuteness,  as  we  conceive  of  it,  has  its  origins  in  the  nineteenth century. According to the Oxford English Dictionary, cute, defined as “attractive, pretty, charming,” comes from “U.S. colloquial and Schoolboy slang,” with its earliest recorded usage in  1834.  Despite  the  origins  of  cuteness  in  the  nineteenth  cen-tury, this chapter searches for earlier traces of cuteness — an early modern  protocuteness  —  asking  if  earlier  structures,  systems,  and concepts anticipate our contemporary definition of cuteness. Do Shakespeare’s works, particularly King Lear, offer insight into a  seventeenth-century  ancestor  of  cuteness?  Can  Shakespeare  speak  to  our  contemporary  cute  age?  Is  Shakespeare  ever  cute?  Drawing  largely  from  Daniel  Harris’s  2000  book  on  aesthetics  and consumerism, this chapter seeks to answer these questions by  offering  a  critical  investigation  of  the  intersection  between  early modern culture and contemporary aesthetics.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In the past twenty years, the field of cute studies has grown ex-tensively.1  Cuteness,  as  we  conceive  of  it,  has  its  origins  in  the  nineteenth century. According to the Oxford English Dictionary, cute, defined as “attractive, pretty, charming,” comes from “U.S. colloquial and Schoolboy slang,” with its earliest recorded usage in  1834.  Despite  the  origins  of  cuteness  in  the  nineteenth  cen-tury, this chapter searches for earlier traces of cuteness — an early modern  protocuteness  —  asking  if  earlier  structures,  systems,  and concepts anticipate our contemporary definition of cuteness. Do Shakespeare’s works, particularly King Lear, offer insight into a  seventeenth-century  ancestor  of  cuteness?  Can  Shakespeare  speak  to  our  contemporary  cute  age?  Is  Shakespeare  ever  cute?  Drawing  largely  from  Daniel  Harris’s  2000  book  on  aesthetics  and consumerism, this chapter seeks to answer these questions by  offering  a  critical  investigation  of  the  intersection  between  early modern culture and contemporary aesthetics.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Hamlet, Hesperides, and the Discursivity of Cuteness</TitleText>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Using  aesthetics  alongside  affect  theory  and  queer  philology,  this  chapter  interrogates  the  ability  of  Shakespeare’s  Hamlet(1604)  and  Robert  Herrick’s  Hesperides  (1648)  to  endure  and  broaden  the  scope  of  what  Sianne  Ngai,  Lori  Merish,  Dan-iel  Harris,  and  others  have  theorized  as  the  cute.  Ngai,  in  Our  Aesthetic Categories: Zany, Cute, Interesting (2012), explains the cute as a contemporary and commodity-driven category, an aes-thetic  that  discloses  a  “surprisingly  wide  spectrum  of  feelings,  ranging  from  tenderness  to  aggression,  that  we  harbor  toward  ostensively subordinate and unthreatening commodities” (1). To consider the cute, then, is to consider our documented fascina-tion with the private, the relations of subjects and objects, and the  power  dynamics  between  the  appreciator  and  the  appreci-ated, adorer and adored. Even so, I suggest we think otherwise. What if we think about the cute less as an aesthetic response to commodity, per se, than a discursivity? Cuteness is an aesthetic category that relies on a spectrum of appreciation, from disin-terested  nonreaction  (think,  for  example,  of  the  inundation  of  “cute” things to respond to on websites like Buzzfeed or Reddit) to a heightened affective experience of an object or artwork, one more closely related to classic Kantian or Burkean experiences of  beauty.  But  aesthetic  experience  demands  a  commodity-driven,  consumptive  closeness  that  Theodor  W.  Adorno  finds  goes  beyond  object  relations  to  fuel  our  relationships  to  texts.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Using  aesthetics  alongside  affect  theory  and  queer  philology,  this  chapter  interrogates  the  ability  of  Shakespeare’s  Hamlet(1604)  and  Robert  Herrick’s  Hesperides  (1648)  to  endure  and  broaden  the  scope  of  what  Sianne  Ngai,  Lori  Merish,  Dan-iel  Harris,  and  others  have  theorized  as  the  cute.  Ngai,  in  Our  Aesthetic Categories: Zany, Cute, Interesting (2012), explains the cute as a contemporary and commodity-driven category, an aes-thetic  that  discloses  a  “surprisingly  wide  spectrum  of  feelings,  ranging  from  tenderness  to  aggression,  that  we  harbor  toward  ostensively subordinate and unthreatening commodities” (1). To consider the cute, then, is to consider our documented fascina-tion with the private, the relations of subjects and objects, and the  power  dynamics  between  the  appreciator  and  the  appreci-ated, adorer and adored. Even so, I suggest we think otherwise. What if we think about the cute less as an aesthetic response to commodity, per se, than a discursivity? Cuteness is an aesthetic category that relies on a spectrum of appreciation, from disin-terested  nonreaction  (think,  for  example,  of  the  inundation  of  “cute” things to respond to on websites like Buzzfeed or Reddit) to a heightened affective experience of an object or artwork, one more closely related to classic Kantian or Burkean experiences of  beauty.  But  aesthetic  experience  demands  a  commodity-driven,  consumptive  closeness  that  Theodor  W.  Adorno  finds  goes  beyond  object  relations  to  fuel  our  relationships  to  texts.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Bollywood’s   sexy   “item   songs”   and   Christopher   Marlowe’s   scenes  of  bodily,  erotic  exchange  are  violently  cute  for  simi-lar  reasons.  They  each  “create  or  facilitate  kinds  of  ‘between-ness’  —  relays,  conduits,  associations  —  that  in  turn  facilitate  the circulation of texts, objects, and signs” (Ngai 115). Bubbling confluences of cuteness and violence, the songs and scenes com-plicate  narratives  of  futurity  by  dismantling  them  from  their  core purpose and position of power, positing nothing concrete in their place — neither in terms of narrative directionality nor in  the  sense  of  purposefulness.  So  often  associated  with  futil-ity  and  fragility,  cuteness  erupts  as  a  violent  instrument  of  or-ganizational  breakdown  in  Marlowe’s  play  Doctor  Faustus  and  Vishal Bhardwaj’s film Omkara (2006). In this chapter I attempt to make explicit the lacerating action within these texts that ren-ders dangerous the invasive potentiality of cute substance. Spe-cifically, I offer readings of two instances of cute laceration — a scene from Doctor Faustus and a song from Omkara — to  high-light the affective irreverence and aggression of cuteness when it collides with normative narratives of biological, reproductive futurity.  While  Marlowe’s  text  focuses  on  the  development  of  cuteness as surreptitious manipulation of normative reproduc-tion,  Bhardwaj’s  film  bursts  with  “sinthomosexual”  cuteness  as  the usurpation of symbolic meaning in narratives of futurity. In each  instance,  cuteness  “item”-izes  itself  as  violence  in  scenes  and gestures that, while seemingly insubstantial in their small-ness, lacerate the central narrative’s spatial and temporal thesis.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Bollywood’s   sexy   “item   songs”   and   Christopher   Marlowe’s   scenes  of  bodily,  erotic  exchange  are  violently  cute  for  simi-lar  reasons.  They  each  “create  or  facilitate  kinds  of  ‘between-ness’  —  relays,  conduits,  associations  —  that  in  turn  facilitate  the circulation of texts, objects, and signs” (Ngai 115). Bubbling confluences of cuteness and violence, the songs and scenes com-plicate  narratives  of  futurity  by  dismantling  them  from  their  core purpose and position of power, positing nothing concrete in their place — neither in terms of narrative directionality nor in  the  sense  of  purposefulness.  So  often  associated  with  futil-ity  and  fragility,  cuteness  erupts  as  a  violent  instrument  of  or-ganizational  breakdown  in  Marlowe’s  play  Doctor  Faustus  and  Vishal Bhardwaj’s film Omkara (2006). In this chapter I attempt to make explicit the lacerating action within these texts that ren-ders dangerous the invasive potentiality of cute substance. Spe-cifically, I offer readings of two instances of cute laceration — a scene from Doctor Faustus and a song from Omkara — to  high-light the affective irreverence and aggression of cuteness when it collides with normative narratives of biological, reproductive futurity.  While  Marlowe’s  text  focuses  on  the  development  of  cuteness as surreptitious manipulation of normative reproduc-tion,  Bhardwaj’s  film  bursts  with  “sinthomosexual”  cuteness  as  the usurpation of symbolic meaning in narratives of futurity. In each  instance,  cuteness  “item”-izes  itself  as  violence  in  scenes  and gestures that, while seemingly insubstantial in their small-ness, lacerate the central narrative’s spatial and temporal thesis.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;A power struggle is inherent to cuteness, to the extent that this struggle,  if  unacknowledged  and  undirected,  will  manifest  it-self  at  the  cute  object’s  expense.  I  examine  this  phenomenon  through  a  close  analysis  of  Katie  Sokoler’s  2012  Tampax  Radi-ant tampon print advertisement and television commercial, and through a comparison of Sokoler to the works of Yayoi Kusama. I work from the colloquial definition of cuteness as “applied to people as well as things, with the sense ‘attractive, pretty, charm-ing’; also, ‘attractive in a mannered way’” (“Cute”). Identified by infantile  physical  characteristics  and  behavior,  associated  with  the feminine and deemed powerless, cuteness is an aesthetic, an affect, and a strategy. My understanding of cuteness comes from personal  experience  and  is  influenced  by  the  work  of  Sianne  Ngai, who argues that[t]here is no judgment or experience of an object as cute thatdoes  not  call  up  one’s  sense  of  power  over  it  as  somethingless powerful. But the fact that the cute object seems capableof making demands on us regardless, as Lori Merish under-scores—a  demand  for  care  that  women  in  particular  often feel addressed or interpellated by — suggests that “cute’” des-ignates not just the site of a static power differential but also the site of a surprisingly complex power struggle.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;A power struggle is inherent to cuteness, to the extent that this struggle,  if  unacknowledged  and  undirected,  will  manifest  it-self  at  the  cute  object’s  expense.  I  examine  this  phenomenon  through  a  close  analysis  of  Katie  Sokoler’s  2012  Tampax  Radi-ant tampon print advertisement and television commercial, and through a comparison of Sokoler to the works of Yayoi Kusama. I work from the colloquial definition of cuteness as “applied to people as well as things, with the sense ‘attractive, pretty, charm-ing’; also, ‘attractive in a mannered way’” (“Cute”). Identified by infantile  physical  characteristics  and  behavior,  associated  with  the feminine and deemed powerless, cuteness is an aesthetic, an affect, and a strategy. My understanding of cuteness comes from personal  experience  and  is  influenced  by  the  work  of  Sianne  Ngai, who argues that[t]here is no judgment or experience of an object as cute thatdoes  not  call  up  one’s  sense  of  power  over  it  as  somethingless powerful. But the fact that the cute object seems capableof making demands on us regardless, as Lori Merish under-scores—a  demand  for  care  that  women  in  particular  often feel addressed or interpellated by — suggests that “cute’” des-ignates not just the site of a static power differential but also the site of a surprisingly complex power struggle.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;What happens when love unravels one’s knowledge structures? In The Ruins of Solitude, after the birth of a child, Bragg embraces the event of love and examines the resulting disintegration of her supposed authorial subjectivity. Against the pressure to produce and organize knowledge—the pressure of writing a dissertation, for example—Bragg contemplates the poetic modes of thinking and ethics that emerge from her experience of reading continental philosophy while caring for her infant child. Dwelling on what she would have once excluded from her intellectual work—her maternity, the mole on her chest, her palm against another body, her exhaustion at the work of deconstruction—Bragg details a shift in her orientation and method that leads to creative theoretical thought, allowing her to illuminate and interrogate what she names “solitude,” a condition of academic discourse that limits our critical-liberatory projects of transformation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ultimately, The Ruins of Solitude lets go of authority and mastery, and engages in a poetic and fractured writing style that lets in the relationality of thought. Bragg offers a philosophy of bodies beyond solitude and an intimacy of love and writing that fractures solitude, bringing forward the possibility of selfhood and authorship uncontained by the isolationist, tangible time of the present. Bragg's book also unravels familiar narratives of childcare, considering the parallels between poststructuralist theory and the embodied materiality of relation.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Concrete is a ubiquitous part of our world. It composes our dwellings and shapes our infrastructures. It unites and divides urban space and is used to wage both war and peace. Concrete is simultaneously an indicator of freedom and development and is an essential part of the carceral apparatus. The Social Properties of Concrete begins from the premise that concrete is as richly social as it is densely material. Just as concrete’s materiality permeates our everyday life, our political projects, social practices, religious concepts, environmental transformations, and ethical questions suffuse concrete structures.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Like concrete itself, The Social Properties of Concrete is an aggregate: it draws together essays by social scientists, historians, architects, artists, and urban planners who each blend social theory, material science, and empirical analysis to explore the ways in which social life is embedded within concrete and to inquire about how concrete shapes social life. Across forty globally situated chapters, these essays open new conversations around our relationships with anthropogenic stone and serve as a teachable introduction to the social and political lives of materials. By taking this approach, this volume develops a conceptual language and methodological approach that should inform new understandings of material politics and our built environment.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The social properties of concrete are neither metaphors nor are they simple reflections of the social. Instead, they are modes of materially enacting social, economic, and political life itself.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Concrete is a ubiquitous part of our world. It composes our dwellings and shapes our infrastructures. It unites and divides urban space and is used to wage both war and peace. Concrete is simultaneously an indicator of freedom and development and is an essential part of the carceral apparatus. The Social Properties of Concrete begins from the premise that concrete is as richly social as it is densely material. Just as concrete’s materiality permeates our everyday life, our political projects, social practices, religious concepts, environmental transformations, and ethical questions suffuse concrete structures.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Like concrete itself, The Social Properties of Concrete is an aggregate: it draws together essays by social scientists, historians, architects, artists, and urban planners who each blend social theory, material science, and empirical analysis to explore the ways in which social life is embedded within concrete and to inquire about how concrete shapes social life. Across forty globally situated chapters, these essays open new conversations around our relationships with anthropogenic stone and serve as a teachable introduction to the social and political lives of materials. By taking this approach, this volume develops a conceptual language and methodological approach that should inform new understandings of material politics and our built environment.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The social properties of concrete are neither metaphors nor are they simple reflections of the social. Instead, they are modes of materially enacting social, economic, and political life itself.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Concrete is a ubiquitous part of our world. It composes our dwellings and shapes our infrastructures. It unites and divides urban space and is used to wage both war and peace. Concrete is simultaneously an indicator of freedom and development and is an essential part of the carceral apparatus. The Social Properties of Concrete begins from the premise that concrete is as richly social as it is densely material. Just as concrete’s materiality permeates our everyday life, our political projects, social practices, religious concepts, environmental transformations, and ethical questions suffuse concrete structures.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Like concrete itself, The Social Properties of Concrete is an aggregate: it draws together essays by social scientists, historians, architects, artists, and urban planners who each blend social theory, material science, and empirical analysis to explore the ways in which social life is embedded within concrete and to inquire about how concrete shapes social life. Across forty globally situated chapters, these essays open new conversations around our relationships with anthropogenic stone and serve as a teachable introduction to the social and political lives of materials. By taking this approach, this volume develops a conceptual language and methodological approach that should inform new understandings of material politics and our built environment.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The social properties of concrete are neither metaphors nor are they simple reflections of the social. Instead, they are modes of materially enacting social, economic, and political life itself.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This collaborative arts research project compares the landmark discovery of the Staffordshire Hoard, the   largest   hoard   of   Anglo-Saxon   gold   and   silver   metalwork discovered in 2009, with an imagined hoard from present day pre-adolescent girls. We constructed a  subterranean  installation,  generated  speculative historical documents, collected and embellished social networking “artifacts,” and photographed the entire process.    In  addition  to  dealing  with  the  notion  of  a  medieval hoard as a signifier of a medieval warrior as both hero and anti-hero, we address contemporary issues  relating  to  gender,  youth  culture,  bullying, adolescent  development,  iconicity,  status  symbols, and additional contemporary tween issues.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This collaborative arts research project compares the landmark discovery of the Staffordshire Hoard, the   largest   hoard   of   Anglo-Saxon   gold   and   silver   metalwork discovered in 2009, with an imagined hoard from present day pre-adolescent girls. We constructed a  subterranean  installation,  generated  speculative historical documents, collected and embellished social networking “artifacts,” and photographed the entire process.    In  addition  to  dealing  with  the  notion  of  a  medieval hoard as a signifier of a medieval warrior as both hero and anti-hero, we address contemporary issues  relating  to  gender,  youth  culture,  bullying, adolescent  development,  iconicity,  status  symbols, and additional contemporary tween issues.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Fictional Narratives, Archeologist's Notes, Primary Sources Found in the Future</TitleText>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Big  day!    N’s  team  has  been  working  at  the  old  South  Station  site  for  months.  The  citywide  destruction  from  the  summer  2012  reactor  blast  at  MIT  has  been  mostly  excavated  but  we’ve  just  now  reached the lower levels of the station. So much work has  continuously  yielded  nothing,  but  not  today!!Bank of lockers found in a sealed off bathroom on one  of  the  lower  concourses.  Just  now  looking  at  the  pictures  N  just  e-mailed  ....  He  called  earlier,  breathless  “You  won’t  believe  it!    Phones,  jewelry,  luxe objects from circa 2000!  All mint, just dusty from all  the  debris!    Book  your  ticket  NOW!”    I’m  set  to  fly to Boston tomorrow but I can’t stop studying the preliminary images from the site – it’s a locker filled with  glittering  objects.    Never  seen  so  many  shades  of pink, all twinkling despite the dust.  One by one the objects emerge from the locker – looks like at least a couple of communication devices, hard to make out the  rest,  looks  like  lots  of  beads  and  perhaps  some  dolls?  Can’t tell, need to get my hands on this stuff.  Will have to miss J’s birthday party tomorrow, but this should be worth it!&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Big  day!    N’s  team  has  been  working  at  the  old  South  Station  site  for  months.  The  citywide  destruction  from  the  summer  2012  reactor  blast  at  MIT  has  been  mostly  excavated  but  we’ve  just  now  reached the lower levels of the station. So much work has  continuously  yielded  nothing,  but  not  today!!Bank of lockers found in a sealed off bathroom on one  of  the  lower  concourses.  Just  now  looking  at  the  pictures  N  just  e-mailed  ....  He  called  earlier,  breathless  “You  won’t  believe  it!    Phones,  jewelry,  luxe objects from circa 2000!  All mint, just dusty from all  the  debris!    Book  your  ticket  NOW!”    I’m  set  to  fly to Boston tomorrow but I can’t stop studying the preliminary images from the site – it’s a locker filled with  glittering  objects.    Never  seen  so  many  shades  of pink, all twinkling despite the dust.  One by one the objects emerge from the locker – looks like at least a couple of communication devices, hard to make out the  rest,  looks  like  lots  of  beads  and  perhaps  some  dolls?  Can’t tell, need to get my hands on this stuff.  Will have to miss J’s birthday party tomorrow, but this should be worth it!&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Warrior Heroes or Warrior Bullies?</TitleText>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Ritual consistency of conflict during the early Middle Ages forced young men to conform to an image of heroism based almost entirely on deeds performed in battle. In this chapter, we will broadly outline and discuss  key,  and  often  conflicting,  elements  of  the medieval warrior hero’s identity and the visual culture it  required  and  inspired.  Our  primary  role  model  is  Beowulf.  This  will  lead  to  a  discussion  of  key  pieces  from the Staffordshire Hoard and how they (and their mutilations) make these ideas of warriorness manifest.  Ultimately,  we  see  the  warrior  hero  as  a  potential monster figure, just as a young girl can devolve into a bully in our own contemporary culture. Physical  violence  often  defined  manhood for  early  medieval  warriors  who  sought  to  assert  themselves  by  defeating  powerful  foes,  elevating themselves  as  leaders,  and  acquiring  resources  to gain  prestige.  Opportunities  for  self-aggrandizement  in  battle  proved  powerful  tools  for  increasing  social  status.  But  as  the  political  atmosphere  of  the  period  changed  and  small,  local  chiefdoms  consolidated into larger, regional seats of power, the nature of war changed as well, demanding new skills from warriors across the board, changing the definition of manhood.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Ritual consistency of conflict during the early Middle Ages forced young men to conform to an image of heroism based almost entirely on deeds performed in battle. In this chapter, we will broadly outline and discuss  key,  and  often  conflicting,  elements  of  the medieval warrior hero’s identity and the visual culture it  required  and  inspired.  Our  primary  role  model  is  Beowulf.  This  will  lead  to  a  discussion  of  key  pieces  from the Staffordshire Hoard and how they (and their mutilations) make these ideas of warriorness manifest.  Ultimately,  we  see  the  warrior  hero  as  a  potential monster figure, just as a young girl can devolve into a bully in our own contemporary culture. Physical  violence  often  defined  manhood for  early  medieval  warriors  who  sought  to  assert  themselves  by  defeating  powerful  foes,  elevating themselves  as  leaders,  and  acquiring  resources  to gain  prestige.  Opportunities  for  self-aggrandizement  in  battle  proved  powerful  tools  for  increasing  social  status.  But  as  the  political  atmosphere  of  the  period  changed  and  small,  local  chiefdoms  consolidated into larger, regional seats of power, the nature of war changed as well, demanding new skills from warriors across the board, changing the definition of manhood.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Making South Station</TitleText>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Photography   encompasses   much   more   than  just  a  click  of  the  shutter.    It  involves  physical  work  constructing,  collecting,  scrounging,  and  staging  items.    Though  my  medium  is  photography,  process  is  my  passion.  All  of  my  art  includes  periods  of  conception,  collection,  and  creation.  For me, conception is a mental construction of what the work will be aesthetically, emotionally, and physically.  The collecting  aspect  is  where  I  derive  the  most  pleasure.    During  the hunt for specific elements of the work, I constantly adapt or change my concept to work with the objects I am finding.  When I finally find those prefect items, it is a feeling of puzzle pieces falling into place.  I gather objects that become my treasures and the visualized piece of work begins to come to life.  Putting all my pieces together and creating my vision is the most exciting aspect.  This is complete satisfaction and enjoyment—literally, making what I find work in the art I am making.  My  role  in  this  project  was  to  visualize  and  construct a  subterranean  archaeological  site.    I  compiled  a  hoard  of  objects  that  tween  girls  would  want  to  own,  to  covet  and  to  steal.    The  items  needed  to  be  a  variety  of  objects  that  held  religious meaning, were shinny and “blingy,” evoke a feeling of power  and  value,  and  most  importantly  show  social  status.    I  also  included  items  that  emphasized  theinternal  struggle  tweens experience during adolescence,giving up the childish items and progress to becoming young women.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Photography   encompasses   much   more   than  just  a  click  of  the  shutter.    It  involves  physical  work  constructing,  collecting,  scrounging,  and  staging  items.    Though  my  medium  is  photography,  process  is  my  passion.  All  of  my  art  includes  periods  of  conception,  collection,  and  creation.  For me, conception is a mental construction of what the work will be aesthetically, emotionally, and physically.  The collecting  aspect  is  where  I  derive  the  most  pleasure.    During  the hunt for specific elements of the work, I constantly adapt or change my concept to work with the objects I am finding.  When I finally find those prefect items, it is a feeling of puzzle pieces falling into place.  I gather objects that become my treasures and the visualized piece of work begins to come to life.  Putting all my pieces together and creating my vision is the most exciting aspect.  This is complete satisfaction and enjoyment—literally, making what I find work in the art I am making.  My  role  in  this  project  was  to  visualize  and  construct a  subterranean  archaeological  site.    I  compiled  a  hoard  of  objects  that  tween  girls  would  want  to  own,  to  covet  and  to  steal.    The  items  needed  to  be  a  variety  of  objects  that  held  religious meaning, were shinny and “blingy,” evoke a feeling of power  and  value,  and  most  importantly  show  social  status.    I  also  included  items  that  emphasized  theinternal  struggle  tweens experience during adolescence,giving up the childish items and progress to becoming young women.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Opening the Locker</TitleText>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Graphic  design  is  a  powerful  yet  often  overlooked medium to enhance, strengthen, and amplify communication.  Given  the  varied  and  unique  content  of  this  book,  I  knew  my  part  would  be  a  tricky  but  vitally  important  component.  When  I  was  brought  in  on  this  project  it  was well  beyond  the  conceptual  stage  and  near  full  maturity  and  completion.   As   such   my   creative   connection   had   to   be   created rather than naturally developed alongside the structural framework guiding the work. I read through the available material and  listened  to  the  project  collaborators’  descriptions  with  attentive interest in order to gain a creative foothold. Slowly, the artistic and visual organization began to materialize.The first draft was, admittedly, somewhat plain and derived from  a  traditional  outlook  on  book  design  and  layout.  Some  of  this  was  simply  trying  to  arrange  larger  details—typefaces,  leading,  margins,  etc.—before  approaching  the  more  intimate  details for each chapter. Some of this was also an uncertainty of  the  collaborators’  expectations  and  already  formed  visions  of the final product. The first draft was met with helpful critique and more insight into the aesthetic. Sometimes, when a client is  unable  to  express  their  envisioned  visual  outcome,  it  helps  to  show  them  what  they  don’t  want  so  as  to  reveal  what  they  do  want.  Armed  with  new  creative  direction  I  continued  development.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Graphic  design  is  a  powerful  yet  often  overlooked medium to enhance, strengthen, and amplify communication.  Given  the  varied  and  unique  content  of  this  book,  I  knew  my  part  would  be  a  tricky  but  vitally  important  component.  When  I  was  brought  in  on  this  project  it  was well  beyond  the  conceptual  stage  and  near  full  maturity  and  completion.   As   such   my   creative   connection   had   to   be   created rather than naturally developed alongside the structural framework guiding the work. I read through the available material and  listened  to  the  project  collaborators’  descriptions  with  attentive interest in order to gain a creative foothold. Slowly, the artistic and visual organization began to materialize.The first draft was, admittedly, somewhat plain and derived from  a  traditional  outlook  on  book  design  and  layout.  Some  of  this  was  simply  trying  to  arrange  larger  details—typefaces,  leading,  margins,  etc.—before  approaching  the  more  intimate  details for each chapter. Some of this was also an uncertainty of  the  collaborators’  expectations  and  already  formed  visions  of the final product. The first draft was met with helpful critique and more insight into the aesthetic. Sometimes, when a client is  unable  to  express  their  envisioned  visual  outcome,  it  helps  to  show  them  what  they  don’t  want  so  as  to  reveal  what  they  do  want.  Armed  with  new  creative  direction  I  continued  development.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Art  and  art  education  projects  can  be  cross  disciplinary,  experimental,  and  provocative.  In teaching  and  researching  within  the  field  of  art education, my collaborations with art historians and studio   artists   enrich   my   sense   of   documentation   and  analysis  of  visual  cultures.  For  this  reason,  I was   intrigued   when   my   colleague   mentioned   her   exciting  project  idea  inspired  by  the  Staffordshire Hoard, a magnificent collection of gold jewelry and weapons  discovered  in  the  summer  of  2009.  Leahy  and  Bland  note  the  Staffordshire  Hoard  collection was  conspicuously  missing  “feminine  objects,  such as dress fitting, pendants, and broaches.”1    This  lack  of  female  visual  culture  in  the  treasury  puzzled  and  inspired us.  My colleague (an art historian) was not simply studying the historic hoard, but imagining and creating  female  tween  treasures  with  a  photographer  in  order  to  juxtapose  contemporary  girlhood  culture  with that of medieval warriors. Working together, we hoped to theorize hoards and hoarding of young women productively  through  our  varied  artistic  lenses&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Art  and  art  education  projects  can  be  cross  disciplinary,  experimental,  and  provocative.  In teaching  and  researching  within  the  field  of  art education, my collaborations with art historians and studio   artists   enrich   my   sense   of   documentation   and  analysis  of  visual  cultures.  For  this  reason,  I was   intrigued   when   my   colleague   mentioned   her   exciting  project  idea  inspired  by  the  Staffordshire Hoard, a magnificent collection of gold jewelry and weapons  discovered  in  the  summer  of  2009.  Leahy  and  Bland  note  the  Staffordshire  Hoard  collection was  conspicuously  missing  “feminine  objects,  such as dress fitting, pendants, and broaches.”1    This  lack  of  female  visual  culture  in  the  treasury  puzzled  and  inspired us.  My colleague (an art historian) was not simply studying the historic hoard, but imagining and creating  female  tween  treasures  with  a  photographer  in  order  to  juxtapose  contemporary  girlhood  culture  with that of medieval warriors. Working together, we hoped to theorize hoards and hoarding of young women productively  through  our  varied  artistic  lenses&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In  creating  and  studying  the  South  Station  Hoard, we set out to examine perceptions and memories of the frequently violent act of treasure taking.  Comparing tween girls  and  their  nuanced  tactics  of  surveillance  and  bullying  to  those same skills of medieval warriors allowed us to create an intimate circular relationship between precious objects and both their owners and their takers.  This relationship is important but so  were  our  own  processes  of  research,  object  interrogation,  visualization and writing.  Ultimately, while studying the past and speculating about the future, we found our own voices. Scholarly. Creative. Brave.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In  creating  and  studying  the  South  Station  Hoard, we set out to examine perceptions and memories of the frequently violent act of treasure taking.  Comparing tween girls  and  their  nuanced  tactics  of  surveillance  and  bullying  to  those same skills of medieval warriors allowed us to create an intimate circular relationship between precious objects and both their owners and their takers.  This relationship is important but so  were  our  own  processes  of  research,  object  interrogation,  visualization and writing.  Ultimately, while studying the past and speculating about the future, we found our own voices. Scholarly. Creative. Brave.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Before I started elementary school, I remember being obsessed  with  the  idea  of  treasure.    I  loved  tales  of  pirates  and  jewels,  and  relished  movies  including secret  compartments  and  magical  amulets.    An  older  sibling  bought  me  beloved  kitschy  treasure  chests  from  pet  store  aquarium  sections.    I  also  used  to  dig  in  the  backyard,  scour  the  basement,  and  sift through my mother’s jewelry in hopes to find some ancient, forgotten, secret objects.  Treasure, with its preciousness  and  stories  are  interesting  to  children  with good reason.  The acts of discovering, discussing, defining,  and  creating  treasure  are  inherently  and usefully artistic, for we must decide what qualities of color, shape, luster, history, myth and meaning might render an object to become treasured.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This collaborative arts research project compares the landmark discovery of the Staffordshire Hoard, the largest hoard of Anglo-Saxon gold and silver metalwork discovered in 2009, with an imagined hoard from present day pre-adolescent girls. The collaborators constructed a subterranean installation, generated speculative historical documents, collected and embellished social networking “artifacts,” and photographed the entire process. In addition to dealing with the notion of a medieval hoard as a signifier of a medieval warrior as both hero and anti-hero, this artbook, or work of futurist archaeology, addresses contemporary issues relating to gender, youth culture, bullying, adolescent development, iconicity, status symbols, and additional contemporary tween issues.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This collaborative arts research project compares the landmark discovery of the Staffordshire Hoard, the   largest   hoard   of   Anglo-Saxon   gold   and   silver   metalwork discovered in 2009, with an imagined hoard from present day pre-adolescent girls. We constructed a  subterranean  installation,  generated  speculative historical documents, collected and embellished social networking “artifacts,” and photographed the entire process.    In  addition  to  dealing  with  the  notion  of  a  medieval hoard as a signifier of a medieval warrior as both hero and anti-hero, we address contemporary issues  relating  to  gender,  youth  culture,  bullying, adolescent  development,  iconicity,  status  symbols, and additional contemporary tween issues.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This collaborative arts research project compares the landmark discovery of the Staffordshire Hoard, the   largest   hoard   of   Anglo-Saxon   gold   and   silver   metalwork discovered in 2009, with an imagined hoard from present day pre-adolescent girls. We constructed a  subterranean  installation,  generated  speculative historical documents, collected and embellished social networking “artifacts,” and photographed the entire process.    In  addition  to  dealing  with  the  notion  of  a  medieval hoard as a signifier of a medieval warrior as both hero and anti-hero, we address contemporary issues  relating  to  gender,  youth  culture,  bullying, adolescent  development,  iconicity,  status  symbols, and additional contemporary tween issues.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Fictional Narratives, Archeologist's Notes, Primary Sources Found in the Future</TitleText>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Big  day!    N’s  team  has  been  working  at  the  old  South  Station  site  for  months.  The  citywide  destruction  from  the  summer  2012  reactor  blast  at  MIT  has  been  mostly  excavated  but  we’ve  just  now  reached the lower levels of the station. So much work has  continuously  yielded  nothing,  but  not  today!!Bank of lockers found in a sealed off bathroom on one  of  the  lower  concourses.  Just  now  looking  at  the  pictures  N  just  e-mailed  ....  He  called  earlier,  breathless  “You  won’t  believe  it!    Phones,  jewelry,  luxe objects from circa 2000!  All mint, just dusty from all  the  debris!    Book  your  ticket  NOW!”    I’m  set  to  fly to Boston tomorrow but I can’t stop studying the preliminary images from the site – it’s a locker filled with  glittering  objects.    Never  seen  so  many  shades  of pink, all twinkling despite the dust.  One by one the objects emerge from the locker – looks like at least a couple of communication devices, hard to make out the  rest,  looks  like  lots  of  beads  and  perhaps  some  dolls?  Can’t tell, need to get my hands on this stuff.  Will have to miss J’s birthday party tomorrow, but this should be worth it!&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Big  day!    N’s  team  has  been  working  at  the  old  South  Station  site  for  months.  The  citywide  destruction  from  the  summer  2012  reactor  blast  at  MIT  has  been  mostly  excavated  but  we’ve  just  now  reached the lower levels of the station. So much work has  continuously  yielded  nothing,  but  not  today!!Bank of lockers found in a sealed off bathroom on one  of  the  lower  concourses.  Just  now  looking  at  the  pictures  N  just  e-mailed  ....  He  called  earlier,  breathless  “You  won’t  believe  it!    Phones,  jewelry,  luxe objects from circa 2000!  All mint, just dusty from all  the  debris!    Book  your  ticket  NOW!”    I’m  set  to  fly to Boston tomorrow but I can’t stop studying the preliminary images from the site – it’s a locker filled with  glittering  objects.    Never  seen  so  many  shades  of pink, all twinkling despite the dust.  One by one the objects emerge from the locker – looks like at least a couple of communication devices, hard to make out the  rest,  looks  like  lots  of  beads  and  perhaps  some  dolls?  Can’t tell, need to get my hands on this stuff.  Will have to miss J’s birthday party tomorrow, but this should be worth it!&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Warrior Heroes or Warrior Bullies?</TitleText>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Ritual consistency of conflict during the early Middle Ages forced young men to conform to an image of heroism based almost entirely on deeds performed in battle. In this chapter, we will broadly outline and discuss  key,  and  often  conflicting,  elements  of  the medieval warrior hero’s identity and the visual culture it  required  and  inspired.  Our  primary  role  model  is  Beowulf.  This  will  lead  to  a  discussion  of  key  pieces  from the Staffordshire Hoard and how they (and their mutilations) make these ideas of warriorness manifest.  Ultimately,  we  see  the  warrior  hero  as  a  potential monster figure, just as a young girl can devolve into a bully in our own contemporary culture. Physical  violence  often  defined  manhood for  early  medieval  warriors  who  sought  to  assert  themselves  by  defeating  powerful  foes,  elevating themselves  as  leaders,  and  acquiring  resources  to gain  prestige.  Opportunities  for  self-aggrandizement  in  battle  proved  powerful  tools  for  increasing  social  status.  But  as  the  political  atmosphere  of  the  period  changed  and  small,  local  chiefdoms  consolidated into larger, regional seats of power, the nature of war changed as well, demanding new skills from warriors across the board, changing the definition of manhood.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Ritual consistency of conflict during the early Middle Ages forced young men to conform to an image of heroism based almost entirely on deeds performed in battle. In this chapter, we will broadly outline and discuss  key,  and  often  conflicting,  elements  of  the medieval warrior hero’s identity and the visual culture it  required  and  inspired.  Our  primary  role  model  is  Beowulf.  This  will  lead  to  a  discussion  of  key  pieces  from the Staffordshire Hoard and how they (and their mutilations) make these ideas of warriorness manifest.  Ultimately,  we  see  the  warrior  hero  as  a  potential monster figure, just as a young girl can devolve into a bully in our own contemporary culture. Physical  violence  often  defined  manhood for  early  medieval  warriors  who  sought  to  assert  themselves  by  defeating  powerful  foes,  elevating themselves  as  leaders,  and  acquiring  resources  to gain  prestige.  Opportunities  for  self-aggrandizement  in  battle  proved  powerful  tools  for  increasing  social  status.  But  as  the  political  atmosphere  of  the  period  changed  and  small,  local  chiefdoms  consolidated into larger, regional seats of power, the nature of war changed as well, demanding new skills from warriors across the board, changing the definition of manhood.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Making South Station</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Processes for Visualization and Construction</Subtitle>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Photography   encompasses   much   more   than  just  a  click  of  the  shutter.    It  involves  physical  work  constructing,  collecting,  scrounging,  and  staging  items.    Though  my  medium  is  photography,  process  is  my  passion.  All  of  my  art  includes  periods  of  conception,  collection,  and  creation.  For me, conception is a mental construction of what the work will be aesthetically, emotionally, and physically.  The collecting  aspect  is  where  I  derive  the  most  pleasure.    During  the hunt for specific elements of the work, I constantly adapt or change my concept to work with the objects I am finding.  When I finally find those prefect items, it is a feeling of puzzle pieces falling into place.  I gather objects that become my treasures and the visualized piece of work begins to come to life.  Putting all my pieces together and creating my vision is the most exciting aspect.  This is complete satisfaction and enjoyment—literally, making what I find work in the art I am making.  My  role  in  this  project  was  to  visualize  and  construct a  subterranean  archaeological  site.    I  compiled  a  hoard  of  objects  that  tween  girls  would  want  to  own,  to  covet  and  to  steal.    The  items  needed  to  be  a  variety  of  objects  that  held  religious meaning, were shinny and “blingy,” evoke a feeling of power  and  value,  and  most  importantly  show  social  status.    I  also  included  items  that  emphasized  theinternal  struggle  tweens experience during adolescence,giving up the childish items and progress to becoming young women.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Photography   encompasses   much   more   than  just  a  click  of  the  shutter.    It  involves  physical  work  constructing,  collecting,  scrounging,  and  staging  items.    Though  my  medium  is  photography,  process  is  my  passion.  All  of  my  art  includes  periods  of  conception,  collection,  and  creation.  For me, conception is a mental construction of what the work will be aesthetically, emotionally, and physically.  The collecting  aspect  is  where  I  derive  the  most  pleasure.    During  the hunt for specific elements of the work, I constantly adapt or change my concept to work with the objects I am finding.  When I finally find those prefect items, it is a feeling of puzzle pieces falling into place.  I gather objects that become my treasures and the visualized piece of work begins to come to life.  Putting all my pieces together and creating my vision is the most exciting aspect.  This is complete satisfaction and enjoyment—literally, making what I find work in the art I am making.  My  role  in  this  project  was  to  visualize  and  construct a  subterranean  archaeological  site.    I  compiled  a  hoard  of  objects  that  tween  girls  would  want  to  own,  to  covet  and  to  steal.    The  items  needed  to  be  a  variety  of  objects  that  held  religious meaning, were shinny and “blingy,” evoke a feeling of power  and  value,  and  most  importantly  show  social  status.    I  also  included  items  that  emphasized  theinternal  struggle  tweens experience during adolescence,giving up the childish items and progress to becoming young women.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Graphic  design  is  a  powerful  yet  often  overlooked medium to enhance, strengthen, and amplify communication.  Given  the  varied  and  unique  content  of  this  book,  I  knew  my  part  would  be  a  tricky  but  vitally  important  component.  When  I  was  brought  in  on  this  project  it  was well  beyond  the  conceptual  stage  and  near  full  maturity  and  completion.   As   such   my   creative   connection   had   to   be   created rather than naturally developed alongside the structural framework guiding the work. I read through the available material and  listened  to  the  project  collaborators’  descriptions  with  attentive interest in order to gain a creative foothold. Slowly, the artistic and visual organization began to materialize.The first draft was, admittedly, somewhat plain and derived from  a  traditional  outlook  on  book  design  and  layout.  Some  of  this  was  simply  trying  to  arrange  larger  details—typefaces,  leading,  margins,  etc.—before  approaching  the  more  intimate  details for each chapter. Some of this was also an uncertainty of  the  collaborators’  expectations  and  already  formed  visions  of the final product. The first draft was met with helpful critique and more insight into the aesthetic. Sometimes, when a client is  unable  to  express  their  envisioned  visual  outcome,  it  helps  to  show  them  what  they  don’t  want  so  as  to  reveal  what  they  do  want.  Armed  with  new  creative  direction  I  continued  development.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Graphic  design  is  a  powerful  yet  often  overlooked medium to enhance, strengthen, and amplify communication.  Given  the  varied  and  unique  content  of  this  book,  I  knew  my  part  would  be  a  tricky  but  vitally  important  component.  When  I  was  brought  in  on  this  project  it  was well  beyond  the  conceptual  stage  and  near  full  maturity  and  completion.   As   such   my   creative   connection   had   to   be   created rather than naturally developed alongside the structural framework guiding the work. I read through the available material and  listened  to  the  project  collaborators’  descriptions  with  attentive interest in order to gain a creative foothold. Slowly, the artistic and visual organization began to materialize.The first draft was, admittedly, somewhat plain and derived from  a  traditional  outlook  on  book  design  and  layout.  Some  of  this  was  simply  trying  to  arrange  larger  details—typefaces,  leading,  margins,  etc.—before  approaching  the  more  intimate  details for each chapter. Some of this was also an uncertainty of  the  collaborators’  expectations  and  already  formed  visions  of the final product. The first draft was met with helpful critique and more insight into the aesthetic. Sometimes, when a client is  unable  to  express  their  envisioned  visual  outcome,  it  helps  to  show  them  what  they  don’t  want  so  as  to  reveal  what  they  do  want.  Armed  with  new  creative  direction  I  continued  development.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Art  and  art  education  projects  can  be  cross  disciplinary,  experimental,  and  provocative.  In teaching  and  researching  within  the  field  of  art education, my collaborations with art historians and studio   artists   enrich   my   sense   of   documentation   and  analysis  of  visual  cultures.  For  this  reason,  I was   intrigued   when   my   colleague   mentioned   her   exciting  project  idea  inspired  by  the  Staffordshire Hoard, a magnificent collection of gold jewelry and weapons  discovered  in  the  summer  of  2009.  Leahy  and  Bland  note  the  Staffordshire  Hoard  collection was  conspicuously  missing  “feminine  objects,  such as dress fitting, pendants, and broaches.”1    This  lack  of  female  visual  culture  in  the  treasury  puzzled  and  inspired us.  My colleague (an art historian) was not simply studying the historic hoard, but imagining and creating  female  tween  treasures  with  a  photographer  in  order  to  juxtapose  contemporary  girlhood  culture  with that of medieval warriors. Working together, we hoped to theorize hoards and hoarding of young women productively  through  our  varied  artistic  lenses&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Art  and  art  education  projects  can  be  cross  disciplinary,  experimental,  and  provocative.  In teaching  and  researching  within  the  field  of  art education, my collaborations with art historians and studio   artists   enrich   my   sense   of   documentation   and  analysis  of  visual  cultures.  For  this  reason,  I was   intrigued   when   my   colleague   mentioned   her   exciting  project  idea  inspired  by  the  Staffordshire Hoard, a magnificent collection of gold jewelry and weapons  discovered  in  the  summer  of  2009.  Leahy  and  Bland  note  the  Staffordshire  Hoard  collection was  conspicuously  missing  “feminine  objects,  such as dress fitting, pendants, and broaches.”1    This  lack  of  female  visual  culture  in  the  treasury  puzzled  and  inspired us.  My colleague (an art historian) was not simply studying the historic hoard, but imagining and creating  female  tween  treasures  with  a  photographer  in  order  to  juxtapose  contemporary  girlhood  culture  with that of medieval warriors. Working together, we hoped to theorize hoards and hoarding of young women productively  through  our  varied  artistic  lenses&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In  creating  and  studying  the  South  Station  Hoard, we set out to examine perceptions and memories of the frequently violent act of treasure taking.  Comparing tween girls  and  their  nuanced  tactics  of  surveillance  and  bullying  to  those same skills of medieval warriors allowed us to create an intimate circular relationship between precious objects and both their owners and their takers.  This relationship is important but so  were  our  own  processes  of  research,  object  interrogation,  visualization and writing.  Ultimately, while studying the past and speculating about the future, we found our own voices. Scholarly. Creative. Brave.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In  creating  and  studying  the  South  Station  Hoard, we set out to examine perceptions and memories of the frequently violent act of treasure taking.  Comparing tween girls  and  their  nuanced  tactics  of  surveillance  and  bullying  to  those same skills of medieval warriors allowed us to create an intimate circular relationship between precious objects and both their owners and their takers.  This relationship is important but so  were  our  own  processes  of  research,  object  interrogation,  visualization and writing.  Ultimately, while studying the past and speculating about the future, we found our own voices. Scholarly. Creative. Brave.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Before I started elementary school, I remember being obsessed  with  the  idea  of  treasure.    I  loved  tales  of  pirates  and  jewels,  and  relished  movies  including secret  compartments  and  magical  amulets.    An  older  sibling  bought  me  beloved  kitschy  treasure  chests  from  pet  store  aquarium  sections.    I  also  used  to  dig  in  the  backyard,  scour  the  basement,  and  sift through my mother’s jewelry in hopes to find some ancient, forgotten, secret objects.  Treasure, with its preciousness  and  stories  are  interesting  to  children  with good reason.  The acts of discovering, discussing, defining,  and  creating  treasure  are  inherently  and usefully artistic, for we must decide what qualities of color, shape, luster, history, myth and meaning might render an object to become treasured.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Before I started elementary school, I remember being obsessed  with  the  idea  of  treasure.    I  loved  tales  of  pirates  and  jewels,  and  relished  movies  including secret  compartments  and  magical  amulets.    An  older  sibling  bought  me  beloved  kitschy  treasure  chests  from  pet  store  aquarium  sections.    I  also  used  to  dig  in  the  backyard,  scour  the  basement,  and  sift through my mother’s jewelry in hopes to find some ancient, forgotten, secret objects.  Treasure, with its preciousness  and  stories  are  interesting  to  children  with good reason.  The acts of discovering, discussing, defining,  and  creating  treasure  are  inherently  and usefully artistic, for we must decide what qualities of color, shape, luster, history, myth and meaning might render an object to become treasured.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The Unnaming of Aliass performs a paradoxical quest for wildly “untold” stories in the company of one special donkey companion, a femammal of the species Equus asinus and, significantly, a registered “American Spotted Ass.” Beast of burden that she is, this inscrutable companion helped carry a ridiculous load of human longings and quandaries into a maze of hot, harrowing miles, across the US South from Mississippi to Virginia, in the summer of 2002 -- all the while carrying her own onerous and unreckoned burdens and histories. Over two decades, the original journey evolved -- from the cracking-open of a quasi-Western novel-that-never-was by an implosive pun, into an ongoing philosophical and assthetic adventure: a hybrid roadside- and barnyard-based living-art practice, wherein “Aliass” un/names something much harder to grasp than the body of a lovely little ass: protagonist, setting, and traditional Western narratives turn inside-out around this “name-that-ain’t.” Through a deeply dug-in questioning of its own authorial assumptions, The Unnaming of Aliass makes space for untold autobiographies and bright dusty lacunae, tracing ineffable tales through the tangled shapes and shadows that interweave in any environment.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The Unnaming of Aliass performs a paradoxical quest for wildly “untold” stories in the company of one special donkey companion, a femammal of the species Equus asinus and, significantly, a registered “American Spotted Ass.” Beast of burden that she is, this inscrutable companion helped carry a ridiculous load of human longings and quandaries into a maze of hot, harrowing miles, across the US South from Mississippi to Virginia, in the summer of 2002 -- all the while carrying her own onerous and unreckoned burdens and histories. Over two decades, the original journey evolved -- from the cracking-open of a quasi-Western novel-that-never-was by an implosive pun, into an ongoing philosophical and assthetic adventure: a hybrid roadside- and barnyard-based living-art practice, wherein “Aliass” un/names something much harder to grasp than the body of a lovely little ass: protagonist, setting, and traditional Western narratives turn inside-out around this “name-that-ain’t.” Through a deeply dug-in questioning of its own authorial assumptions, The Unnaming of Aliass makes space for untold autobiographies and bright dusty lacunae, tracing ineffable tales through the tangled shapes and shadows that interweave in any environment.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The Way Things Go contains a mix of poetry, art writing, and life writing about anticipatory grief, or mourning someone or something before it’s gone. Each successive chapter in the book decreases in length by exactly one sentence, from a 71-sentence-long opening chapter, to a 70-sentence-long second chapter, to 69 sentences, 68 sentences, and so on down to 1 (a book-length Oulipian “melting snowball”). This shrinking form enacts the book’s concerns with loss, climate change, and the passage of time.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;At the level of its content, however, The Way Things Go is not fatalistic. Its title comes from a cult classic 1987 Fischli and Weiss film, in which objects such as bags of trash, car tires, and oil drums knock into one another in a Rube Goldberg-esque chain reaction. Moving through both personal history (his sister’s lupus and heroin addiction, his grandmother’s experience as a Holocaust survivor) and more global concerns (the Sixth Mass Extinction, COVID-19, the war in Ukraine), Bury considers the disruptions that occur as “things go,” as well as the continuity that remains. The book suggests that recent negotiations between optimism and pessimism with respect to the future reflect people’s feelings of vulnerability, particularly people who are used to taking their life’s stability for granted, in a world that seems increasingly precarious.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Every body contains multitudes, but no body is immune to the ideology of oneness: one true self, one sexuality, one gender, one vision of the world, one true God. For many who identify (or who have been named by others) as transgender, queer, and nonbinary, the refusal to fit within the illusion of one set of sex and gender expectations has been met with violence and suppression. While the myth of oneness is a powerful story that shapes the contours of our societies and our selves, it is not the only myth. Performances, fictions, rituals, and theologies can transform current realities.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The(y)ology: Mythopoetics for Queer/Trans Liberation is a manifesto for artists, teachers, theologians, clergy, and activists looking for ways to resist rigid paradigms of gender, sexuality, self, and the sacred. In these pages, we are called to tell new stories about who we are and how we relate to each other within our ecosystems. The myths discussed wrestle with and transform the complex mytho-histories that have birthed and, often, harmed us. No story comes from nothing, and, more radically, perhaps no story is fully irredeemable.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In The(y)ology, feminist philosophies join with trans poetics, literary theory with liberation theologies, drag performance with kabbalah, ecologies with pornographies, and ancient theater with queer autobiographies. However ambitious its scope might be, The(y)ology is fundamentally about encouraging us all to think playfully and to play thoughtfully with the mythologies that define our lives.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;As we enter a time of climate catastrophe, worsening inequality, and collapsing market/state systems, can human societies transcend the old, dysfunctional paradigms and build the world anew? There are many signs of hope.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In The Great Awakening, twelve cutting-edge activists, scholars, and change-makers probe the deep roots of our current predicament while reflecting on the social DNA for a post-capitalist future. We learn about seed-sharing in agriculture, blockchain technologies for networked collaboration, cosmolocal peer production of houses and vehicles, creative hacks on law, and new ways of thinking and enacting a rich, collaborative future. This surge of creativity is propelled by the social practices of commoning new modes of life for creating and sharing wealth in fair-minded, ecologically respectful ways.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;It is clear that the multiple, entangled crises produced by neoliberal capitalism cannot be resolved by existing political and legal institutions, which are imploding under the weight of their own contradictions. Present and future needs can be met by systems that go beyond the market and state. With experiments and struggle, a growing pluriverse of commoners from Europe and the US to the Global South and cyberspace are demonstrating some fundamentally new ways of thinking, being and acting. This ontological shift of perspective is making new worlds possible.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;As we enter a time of climate catastrophe, worsening inequality, and collapsing market/state systems, can human societies transcend the old, dysfunctional paradigms and build the world anew? There are many signs of hope.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In The Great Awakening, twelve cutting-edge activists, scholars, and change-makers probe the deep roots of our current predicament while reflecting on the social DNA for a post-capitalist future. We learn about seed-sharing in agriculture, blockchain technologies for networked collaboration, cosmolocal peer production of houses and vehicles, creative hacks on law, and new ways of thinking and enacting a rich, collaborative future. This surge of creativity is propelled by the social practices of commoning new modes of life for creating and sharing wealth in fair-minded, ecologically respectful ways.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;It is clear that the multiple, entangled crises produced by neoliberal capitalism cannot be resolved by existing political and legal institutions, which are imploding under the weight of their own contradictions. Present and future needs can be met by systems that go beyond the market and state. With experiments and struggle, a growing pluriverse of commoners from Europe and the US to the Global South and cyberspace are demonstrating some fundamentally new ways of thinking, being and acting. This ontological shift of perspective is making new worlds possible.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;David Bollier is an activist, scholar, and blogger focused on the commons as a new/old paradigm for re-imagining economics, politics, and culture. He pursues this work as Director of the Reinventing the Commons Program at the Schumacher Center for a New Economics (US), and as cofounder of the Commons Strategies Group, an international advocacy project. Bollier is the author of Think Like a Commoner: A Short Introduction to the Life of the Commons; co-editor of Patterns of Commoning and The Wealth of the Commons; and co-author of Green Governance. He blogs at Bollier.org and lives in Amherst, Massachusetts.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Richard Falk is Albert G. Milbank Professor of International Law, Emeritus, Princeton University, and Distinguished Research Fellow, Orfalea Center, University of California, Santa Barbara. His most recent books are Waiting for Rainbows: Poems (2015), Power Shift: On the New Global Order (2016), Revisiting the Vietnam War (2018). He was UN Special Rapporteur for Occupied Palestine (2008-14). Since 2009 he has been annually nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize. His main work-in-progress is a political/personal memoir that may never be completed.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Primavera De Filippi is a Researcher at the National Center of Scientific Research in Paris, and Faculty Associate at the Berkman-Klein Center for Internet and Society at Harvard. She is member of the Global Future Council on Blockchain Technologies at the World Economic Forum, and founder of the Internet Governance Forum’s dynamic coalitions on Blockchain Technology (COALA).  Her book, Blockchain and the Law, was published in 2018 by Harvard University Press, and is co-authored with Aaron Wright.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Xavier Lavayssière has a background in Computer Science and Business Public Law and works on the use of blockchain protocols as a regulatory instrument with the research team Blockchain Perspectives. He cofounded ECAN, a development and training agency on blockchain protocols, legalico.io a website on crypto-assets regulation and Les Bricodeurs a civic tech non-profit. In 2018, he co authored “Smart Contracts : Case Studies and Legal remarks” and France Stratégie report on legal aspect of blockchain technologies.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;David Bollier is an activist, scholar, and blogger focused on the commons as a new/old paradigm for re-imagining economics, politics, and culture. He pursues this work as Director of the Reinventing the Commons Program at the Schumacher Center for a New Economics (US), and as cofounder of the Commons Strategies Group, an international advocacy project. Bollier is the author of Think Like a Commoner: A Short Introduction to the Life of the Commons; co-editor of Patterns of Commoning and The Wealth of the Commons; and co-author of Green Governance. He blogs at Bollier.org and lives in Amherst, Massachusetts.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Anna Grear is Professor of Law and Theory at Cardiff University, UK. She has authored a range of books and articles addressing law’s construction of the world, and offering a sustained critical engagement with law’s underlying philosophical and political assumptions. Anna is Founder and Editor in Chief of the Journal of Human Rights and the Environment.  She is also an Associate Fellow of the New Economy Law Centre, Vermont University, USA; Adjunct Professor of Law at the University of Waikato, New Zealand; and a member of the United Nations Sustainable Development Solutions Network.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;David Bollier is an activist, scholar, and blogger focused on the commons as a new/old paradigm for re-imagining economics, politics, and culture. He pursues this work as Director of the Reinventing the Commons Program at the Schumacher Center for a New Economics (US), and as cofounder of the Commons Strategies Group, an international advocacy project. Bollier is the author of Think Like a Commoner: A Short Introduction to the Life of the Commons; co-editor of Patterns of Commoning and The Wealth of the Commons; and co-author of Green Governance. He blogs at Bollier.org and lives in Amherst, Massachusetts.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Any social and political arrangement depends on acceptance. If a substantial part of a people does not accept the authority of its rulers, then those can only remain in power by means of force, and even that use of force needs to be accepted to be effective. Gramsci called this acceptance of the socio-political status quo “hegemony.” Every stable state relies primarily on hegemony as a source of control. Hegemony works through the dissemination of values and beliefs that create acceptance and that serve the interests of the state and/or the ruling elite (the “hegemones”). Hegemony is most efficient if it remains invisible. A key hegemonic belief is the idea that there is no alternative to the current socio-political status quo or that the way things are is “natural.” The current hegemony – that is, the set of values and beliefs that bolster the current socio-political status quo – is a hegemony of psychopathy: it promotes “cultural psychopathy” and destroys empathy and compassion, thus threatening everything that makes us human.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The hegemony of psychopathy is responsible for massive human suffering. It must be fought and replaced with a counter-hegemonic set of values and beliefs that promote compassion and care. Fighting hegemony requires fighting the “pillars” that support it. Most important among these are the mass media and culture industry, and mainstream economics. The former is responsible for a continuous stream of hegemonic propaganda; the latter – among others – for providing a pseudo-scientific justification for the false belief that there is no alternative. The Hegemony of Psychopathy concludes with some considerations on tactics and strategy in the struggle against the hegemony of psychopathy, but does not – and cannot – offer any concrete advice.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Any social and political arrangement depends on acceptance. If a substantial part of a people does not accept the authority of its rulers, then those can only remain in power by means of force, and even that use of force needs to be accepted to be effective. Gramsci called this acceptance of the socio-political status quo “hegemony.” Every stable state relies primarily on hegemony as a source of control. Hegemony works through the dissemination of values and beliefs that create acceptance and that serve the interests of the state and/or the ruling elite (the “hegemones”). Hegemony is most efficient if it remains invisible. A key hegemonic belief is the idea that there is no alternative to the current socio-political status quo or that the way things are is “natural.” The current hegemony – that is, the set of values and beliefs that bolster the current socio-political status quo – is a hegemony of psychopathy: it promotes “cultural psychopathy” and destroys empathy and compassion, thus threatening everything that makes us human.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The hegemony of psychopathy is responsible for massive human suffering. It must be fought and replaced with a counter-hegemonic set of values and beliefs that promote compassion and care. Fighting hegemony requires fighting the “pillars” that support it. Most important among these are the mass media and culture industry, and mainstream economics. The former is responsible for a continuous stream of hegemonic propaganda; the latter – among others – for providing a pseudo-scientific justification for the false belief that there is no alternative. The Hegemony of Psychopathy concludes with some considerations on tactics and strategy in the struggle against the hegemony of psychopathy, but does not – and cannot – offer any concrete advice.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Any social and political arrangement depends on acceptance. If a substantial part of a people does not accept the authority of its rulers, then those can only remain in power by means of force, and even that use of force needs to be accepted to be effective. Gramsci called this acceptance of the socio-political status quo “hegemony.” Every stable state relies primarily on hegemony as a source of control. Hegemony works through the dissemination of values and beliefs that create acceptance and that serve the interests of the state and/or the ruling elite (the “hegemones”). Hegemony is most efficient if it remains invisible. A key hegemonic belief is the idea that there is no alternative to the current socio-political status quo or that the way things are is “natural.” The current hegemony – that is, the set of values and beliefs that bolster the current socio-political status quo – is a hegemony of psychopathy: it promotes “cultural psychopathy” and destroys empathy and compassion, thus threatening everything that makes us human.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The hegemony of psychopathy is responsible for massive human suffering. It must be fought and replaced with a counter-hegemonic set of values and beliefs that promote compassion and care. Fighting hegemony requires fighting the “pillars” that support it. Most important among these are the mass media and culture industry, and mainstream economics. The former is responsible for a continuous stream of hegemonic propaganda; the latter – among others – for providing a pseudo-scientific justification for the false belief that there is no alternative. The Hegemony of Psychopathy concludes with some considerations on tactics and strategy in the struggle against the hegemony of psychopathy, but does not – and cannot – offer any concrete advice.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Any social and political arrangement depends on acceptance. If a substantial part of a people does not accept the authority of its rulers, then those can only remain in power by means of force, and even that use of force needs to be accepted to be effective. Gramsci called this acceptance of the socio-political status quo “hegemony.” Every stable state relies primarily on hegemony as a source of control. Hegemony works through the dissemination of values and beliefs that create acceptance and that serve the interests of the state and/or the ruling elite (the “hegemones”). Hegemony is most efficient if it remains invisible. A key hegemonic belief is the idea that there is no alternative to the current socio-political status quo or that the way things are is “natural.” The current hegemony – that is, the set of values and beliefs that bolster the current socio-political status quo – is a hegemony of psychopathy: it promotes “cultural psychopathy” and destroys empathy and compassion, thus threatening everything that makes us human.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The hegemony of psychopathy is responsible for massive human suffering. It must be fought and replaced with a counter-hegemonic set of values and beliefs that promote compassion and care. Fighting hegemony requires fighting the “pillars” that support it. Most important among these are the mass media and culture industry, and mainstream economics. The former is responsible for a continuous stream of hegemonic propaganda; the latter – among others – for providing a pseudo-scientific justification for the false belief that there is no alternative. The Hegemony of Psychopathy concludes with some considerations on tactics and strategy in the struggle against the hegemony of psychopathy, but does not – and cannot – offer any concrete advice.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The Humid Condition: (More) Overheated Observations continues on the clicking heels of Dominic Pettman’s Humid, All Too Humid (2016), providing a companion volume of pithy and witty observations for our overheated age. Covering topics from pop culture to academia to romance to politics to human mortality to everything in between, this collection of pointed musings aims to amuse, edify, instruct, provoke, tease, caution, and inspire. As with the first installment, the spirit of this book represents a fusion of Montaigne and Wilde; a mashup of Adorno and Yogi Berra; a parallel channeling of Marx and Marx (both Karl and Groucho). No doubt, Hannah Arendt would be appalled at the irreverence on display within these pages. Then again, “Heidegger has left the bildung.” And as the author himself notes: “I have nothing new to say. And I’m saying it!”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The Jews is an anti-historical thriller in the form of a Talmudic tragicomedy, taking place sometime during the Second World War. Stalin and his Minister of Security Beria are worried about the political developments in Germany, where Martin Heidegger has replaced Adolf Hitler as Chancellor of the Third Reich. Suspecting that the Frankfurt School, headed by Vice-Chancellor Walter Benjamin, has masterminded this takeover, he dispatches two Jewish actors, Salomon Maimon and Natalia Goncharova, to investigate the situation in the hope of uncovering the extent of the Jewish conspiracy.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Upon arrival in Berlin, Maimon and Goncharova are received by Benjamin, who introduces them to Heidegger. The latter has stopped speaking to anyone except his mother since his rise to power, and Benjamin holds long speeches on the history of theater, the law, God, the royal gods and the old goddesses. Eventually, prodded by his mother, Heidegger marries Goncharova, surrounded by a merry audience.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The novel ends on a plain somewhere between Moscow and Berlin, where the final battle for Jerusalem is being waged. In front of the entrance of a camp, Maimon and Benjamin are joined by a group of old Jews arriving by train, bringing the news of Stalin’s death by circumcision. They reenact scenes from the Old Testament while Jerusalem is burning. Did the world to come finally arrive?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;“I didn’t even know that was a question I could ask.” That remark from a student in an introductory philosophy course points to the primary body of knowledge philosophy produces: a detailed record of what we do not know. When we come to view a philosophical question as well-formed and worthwhile, it is a way of providing as specific a description as we can of something we do not know. The creation or discovery of such questions is like noting a landmark in a territory we’re exploring. When we identify reasonable, if conflicting, answers to this question, we are noting routes to and away from that landmark. And since proposed answers to philosophical questions often contain implied answers to other philosophical questions, those routes connect different landmarks.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The result is a kind of map: a map of the unknown.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Yet when it comes to the unknown, and all the more so to its cartography, might it not make sense to take our orientation from Borges: What’s in question here, with respect to philosophical questions, is an incipient, unlocalizable threshold—a terrain neither subjective, nor entirely objective, one neither of representation, nor finally of simple immediacy—there where the map perceptibly fails to diverge from the territory. Amid Inclemencies of weather and fringed, as per Borges, with ruin and singular figures—with Animals and Beggars—what’s enclosed is an attempt to chart the contours of this curious immanence.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;“I didn’t even know that was a question I could ask.” That remark from a student in an introductory philosophy course points to the primary body of knowledge philosophy produces: a detailed record of what we do not know. When we come to view a philosophical question as well-formed and worthwhile, it is a way of providing as specific a description as we can of something we do not know. The creation or discovery of such questions is like noting a landmark in a territory we’re exploring. When we identify reasonable, if conflicting, answers to this question, we are noting routes to and away from that landmark. And since proposed answers to philosophical questions often contain implied answers to other philosophical questions, those routes connect different landmarks.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The result is a kind of map: a map of the unknown.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Yet when it comes to the unknown, and all the more so to its cartography, might it not make sense to take our orientation from Borges: What’s in question here, with respect to philosophical questions, is an incipient, unlocalizable threshold—a terrain neither subjective, nor entirely objective, one neither of representation, nor finally of simple immediacy—there where the map perceptibly fails to diverge from the territory. Amid Inclemencies of weather and fringed, as per Borges, with ruin and singular figures—with Animals and Beggars—what’s enclosed is an attempt to chart the contours of this curious immanence.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;“I didn’t even know that was a question I could ask.” That remark from a student in an introductory philosophy course points to the primary body of knowledge philosophy produces: a detailed record of what we do not know. When we come to view a philosophical question as well-formed and worthwhile, it is a way of providing as specific a description as we can of something we do not know. The creation or discovery of such questions is like noting a landmark in a territory we’re exploring. When we identify reasonable, if conflicting, answers to this question, we are noting routes to and away from that landmark. And since proposed answers to philosophical questions often contain implied answers to other philosophical questions, those routes connect different landmarks.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The result is a kind of map: a map of the unknown.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Yet when it comes to the unknown, and all the more so to its cartography, might it not make sense to take our orientation from Borges: What’s in question here, with respect to philosophical questions, is an incipient, unlocalizable threshold—a terrain neither subjective, nor entirely objective, one neither of representation, nor finally of simple immediacy—there where the map perceptibly fails to diverge from the territory. Amid Inclemencies of weather and fringed, as per Borges, with ruin and singular figures—with Animals and Beggars—what’s enclosed is an attempt to chart the contours of this curious immanence.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Whose Mediterranean are we talking about? What languages are most appropriate to its reception and understanding? With two-thirds constituted by the histories and cultures of its African and Asian shorelines and hinterlands, and its principal spoken language – in all its variants and dialects – being Arabic, then the Mediterranean clearly exceeds the Western frame of explanation. Without pretending to speak for or in the name of these ignored and repressed dimensions, The Mediterranean Question explores the gap between the Mediterranean reduced to a European and Western mirror by listening and attending to some of those other histories, cultures, and lives.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;How to puncture prevalent European understandings of the Mediterranean? The colonizing impulse inscribed in Western historiography cannot be undone simply by adding previously repressed and unacknowledged histories. Instead, a re-examination of the premises and procedures that produced such exclusions leads to a valuable change in coordinates. An order of knowledge that creates subaltern objects of study to reconfirm European centrality and subjectivity is interrogated. Insisting on a politics of registration and listening, further critical incentives drawn from the trans-local dissemination of literature, music, cinema, and the visual arts can be deployed to query existing representations.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In this more ragged and open series of maps, there lies no complete picture but rather a challenge to the violence of existing explanations. Insisting that present-day knowledge is sustained in asymmetrical relations of power, The Mediterranean Question promotes a reconfiguration of historical archives and cultural ties, casting a critical light on the deeper histories that have made the Mediterranean, Europe, and Western modernity. Proposing a series of intersecting analyses that underline the colonial constitution of the present and its mobile and creolized formation, Chambers and Cariello seek to establish new coordinates for thinking and practicing the possibilities of another Mediterranean.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Whose Mediterranean are we talking about? What languages are most appropriate to its reception and understanding? With two-thirds constituted by the histories and cultures of its African and Asian shorelines and hinterlands, and its principal spoken language – in all its variants and dialects – being Arabic, then the Mediterranean clearly exceeds the Western frame of explanation. Without pretending to speak for or in the name of these ignored and repressed dimensions, The Mediterranean Question explores the gap between the Mediterranean reduced to a European and Western mirror by listening and attending to some of those other histories, cultures, and lives.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;How to puncture prevalent European understandings of the Mediterranean? The colonizing impulse inscribed in Western historiography cannot be undone simply by adding previously repressed and unacknowledged histories. Instead, a re-examination of the premises and procedures that produced such exclusions leads to a valuable change in coordinates. An order of knowledge that creates subaltern objects of study to reconfirm European centrality and subjectivity is interrogated. Insisting on a politics of registration and listening, further critical incentives drawn from the trans-local dissemination of literature, music, cinema, and the visual arts can be deployed to query existing representations.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In this more ragged and open series of maps, there lies no complete picture but rather a challenge to the violence of existing explanations. Insisting that present-day knowledge is sustained in asymmetrical relations of power, The Mediterranean Question promotes a reconfiguration of historical archives and cultural ties, casting a critical light on the deeper histories that have made the Mediterranean, Europe, and Western modernity. Proposing a series of intersecting analyses that underline the colonial constitution of the present and its mobile and creolized formation, Chambers and Cariello seek to establish new coordinates for thinking and practicing the possibilities of another Mediterranean.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Whose Mediterranean are we talking about? What languages are most appropriate to its reception and understanding? With two-thirds constituted by the histories and cultures of its African and Asian shorelines and hinterlands, and its principal spoken language – in all its variants and dialects – being Arabic, then the Mediterranean clearly exceeds the Western frame of explanation. Without pretending to speak for or in the name of these ignored and repressed dimensions, The Mediterranean Question explores the gap between the Mediterranean reduced to a European and Western mirror by listening and attending to some of those other histories, cultures, and lives.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;How to puncture prevalent European understandings of the Mediterranean? The colonizing impulse inscribed in Western historiography cannot be undone simply by adding previously repressed and unacknowledged histories. Instead, a re-examination of the premises and procedures that produced such exclusions leads to a valuable change in coordinates. An order of knowledge that creates subaltern objects of study to reconfirm European centrality and subjectivity is interrogated. Insisting on a politics of registration and listening, further critical incentives drawn from the trans-local dissemination of literature, music, cinema, and the visual arts can be deployed to query existing representations.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In this more ragged and open series of maps, there lies no complete picture but rather a challenge to the violence of existing explanations. Insisting that present-day knowledge is sustained in asymmetrical relations of power, The Mediterranean Question promotes a reconfiguration of historical archives and cultural ties, casting a critical light on the deeper histories that have made the Mediterranean, Europe, and Western modernity. Proposing a series of intersecting analyses that underline the colonial constitution of the present and its mobile and creolized formation, Chambers and Cariello seek to establish new coordinates for thinking and practicing the possibilities of another Mediterranean.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Whose Mediterranean are we talking about? What languages are most appropriate to its reception and understanding? With two-thirds constituted by the histories and cultures of its African and Asian shorelines and hinterlands, and its principal spoken language – in all its variants and dialects – being Arabic, then the Mediterranean clearly exceeds the Western frame of explanation. Without pretending to speak for or in the name of these ignored and repressed dimensions, The Mediterranean Question explores the gap between the Mediterranean reduced to a European and Western mirror by listening and attending to some of those other histories, cultures, and lives.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;How to puncture prevalent European understandings of the Mediterranean? The colonizing impulse inscribed in Western historiography cannot be undone simply by adding previously repressed and unacknowledged histories. Instead, a re-examination of the premises and procedures that produced such exclusions leads to a valuable change in coordinates. An order of knowledge that creates subaltern objects of study to reconfirm European centrality and subjectivity is interrogated. Insisting on a politics of registration and listening, further critical incentives drawn from the trans-local dissemination of literature, music, cinema, and the visual arts can be deployed to query existing representations.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In this more ragged and open series of maps, there lies no complete picture but rather a challenge to the violence of existing explanations. Insisting that present-day knowledge is sustained in asymmetrical relations of power, The Mediterranean Question promotes a reconfiguration of historical archives and cultural ties, casting a critical light on the deeper histories that have made the Mediterranean, Europe, and Western modernity. Proposing a series of intersecting analyses that underline the colonial constitution of the present and its mobile and creolized formation, Chambers and Cariello seek to establish new coordinates for thinking and practicing the possibilities of another Mediterranean.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The Negated Institution: Report from a Psychiatric Hospital was first published in 1968 in Italian and caused an immediate sensation. It was an instant bestseller and was translated into numerous languages, but never into English. Edited by the Venetian psychiatrist Franco Basaglia, the book is a collection of writings, interviews, and debates which tell the story of the transformation of the Psychiatric Hospital in Gorizia, on the northeast border of Italy, into an open and “negated” institution. This story of an historically unique process of de-institutionalization—with the elimination of walls and barriers, the humanization of the hospital, the introduction of debates and meetings, the unlocking of wards, and the questioning of the very basis of all psychiatric hospitals—struck a nerve with the student and worker movements of 1968. It also gave a voice to the patients themselves, telling their stories of violence but also of liberation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The Negated Institution was highly sensitive to the contradictions of this project of opening up and negation, and called for the abolition of the entire system of psychiatric asylums, as well as new ways of understanding and contextualising mental illness and mental health. It led to debates in many countries within and outside of psychiatry and played a part in the 1978 “Basaglia law,” which eventually closed down the entire psychiatric hospital system in Italy—the first example of such total closure in the world, which endures to our contemporary moment.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This is the first translation into English of this seminal text. The translator, John Foot, is an expert in the life and work of Franco Basaglia and has added notes and a critical introduction.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The Negated Institution: Report from a Psychiatric Hospital was first published in 1968 in Italian and caused an immediate sensation. It was an instant bestseller and was translated into numerous languages, but never into English. Edited by the Venetian psychiatrist Franco Basaglia, the book is a collection of writings, interviews, and debates which tell the story of the transformation of the Psychiatric Hospital in Gorizia, on the northeast border of Italy, into an open and “negated” institution. This story of an historically unique process of de-institutionalization—with the elimination of walls and barriers, the humanization of the hospital, the introduction of debates and meetings, the unlocking of wards, and the questioning of the very basis of all psychiatric hospitals—struck a nerve with the student and worker movements of 1968. It also gave a voice to the patients themselves, telling their stories of violence but also of liberation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The Negated Institution was highly sensitive to the contradictions of this project of opening up and negation, and called for the abolition of the entire system of psychiatric asylums, as well as new ways of understanding and contextualising mental illness and mental health. It led to debates in many countries within and outside of psychiatry and played a part in the 1978 “Basaglia law,” which eventually closed down the entire psychiatric hospital system in Italy—the first example of such total closure in the world, which endures to our contemporary moment.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This is the first translation into English of this seminal text. The translator, John Foot, is an expert in the life and work of Franco Basaglia and has added notes and a critical introduction.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The Negated Institution: Report from a Psychiatric Hospital was first published in 1968 in Italian and caused an immediate sensation. It was an instant bestseller and was translated into numerous languages, but never into English. Edited by the Venetian psychiatrist Franco Basaglia, the book is a collection of writings, interviews, and debates which tell the story of the transformation of the Psychiatric Hospital in Gorizia, on the northeast border of Italy, into an open and “negated” institution. This story of an historically unique process of de-institutionalization—with the elimination of walls and barriers, the humanization of the hospital, the introduction of debates and meetings, the unlocking of wards, and the questioning of the very basis of all psychiatric hospitals—struck a nerve with the student and worker movements of 1968. It also gave a voice to the patients themselves, telling their stories of violence but also of liberation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The Negated Institution was highly sensitive to the contradictions of this project of opening up and negation, and called for the abolition of the entire system of psychiatric asylums, as well as new ways of understanding and contextualising mental illness and mental health. It led to debates in many countries within and outside of psychiatry and played a part in the 1978 “Basaglia law,” which eventually closed down the entire psychiatric hospital system in Italy—the first example of such total closure in the world, which endures to our contemporary moment.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This is the first translation into English of this seminal text. The translator, John Foot, is an expert in the life and work of Franco Basaglia and has added notes and a critical introduction.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The Negated Institution: Report from a Psychiatric Hospital was first published in 1968 in Italian and caused an immediate sensation. It was an instant bestseller and was translated into numerous languages, but never into English. Edited by the Venetian psychiatrist Franco Basaglia, the book is a collection of writings, interviews, and debates which tell the story of the transformation of the Psychiatric Hospital in Gorizia, on the northeast border of Italy, into an open and “negated” institution. This story of an historically unique process of de-institutionalization—with the elimination of walls and barriers, the humanization of the hospital, the introduction of debates and meetings, the unlocking of wards, and the questioning of the very basis of all psychiatric hospitals—struck a nerve with the student and worker movements of 1968. It also gave a voice to the patients themselves, telling their stories of violence but also of liberation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The Negated Institution was highly sensitive to the contradictions of this project of opening up and negation, and called for the abolition of the entire system of psychiatric asylums, as well as new ways of understanding and contextualising mental illness and mental health. It led to debates in many countries within and outside of psychiatry and played a part in the 1978 “Basaglia law,” which eventually closed down the entire psychiatric hospital system in Italy—the first example of such total closure in the world, which endures to our contemporary moment.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This is the first translation into English of this seminal text. The translator, John Foot, is an expert in the life and work of Franco Basaglia and has added notes and a critical introduction.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Eugenia Smagina (Евгeния Б. Смaгина) first published her grammar of the Old Nubian language in 1986 in Russian. For more than thirty years the work has remained untranslated, even though the late Gerald M. Browne affirmed that “this lucid, well-argued presentation should be available to all Nubiologists and ought therefore be translated into a western language.”&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Slavicist José Andrés Alonso de la Fuente has prepared a first English translation of this concise but indispensable work, which forms a necessary counterpart to Browne’s classic Old Nubian Grammar. The grammar is divided into sections on script, lexicon, morphology, and syntax, and is followed by the analysis of a sample text, known as The Miracle of St. Mēnas.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Smagina’s The Old Nubian Language provides an excellent first introduction into the grammar of this medieval Nilo-Saharan language.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Eugenia Smagina (Евгeния Б. Смaгина) first published her grammar of the Old Nubian language in 1986 in Russian. For more than thirty years the work has remained untranslated, even though the late Gerald M. Browne affirmed that “this lucid, well-argued presentation should be available to all Nubiologists and ought therefore be translated into a western language.”&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Slavicist José Andrés Alonso de la Fuente has prepared a first English translation of this concise but indispensable work, which forms a necessary counterpart to Browne’s classic Old Nubian Grammar. The grammar is divided into sections on script, lexicon, morphology, and syntax, and is followed by the analysis of a sample text, known as The Miracle of St. Mēnas.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Smagina’s The Old Nubian Language provides an excellent first introduction into the grammar of this medieval Nilo-Saharan language.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Eugenia Smagina (Евгeния Б. Смaгина) first published her grammar of the Old Nubian language in 1986 in Russian. For more than thirty years the work has remained untranslated, even though the late Gerald M. Browne affirmed that “this lucid, well-argued presentation should be available to all Nubiologists and ought therefore be translated into a western language.”&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Slavicist José Andrés Alonso de la Fuente has prepared a first English translation of this concise but indispensable work, which forms a necessary counterpart to Browne’s classic Old Nubian Grammar. The grammar is divided into sections on script, lexicon, morphology, and syntax, and is followed by the analysis of a sample text, known as The Miracle of St. Mēnas.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Smagina’s The Old Nubian Language provides an excellent first introduction into the grammar of this medieval Nilo-Saharan language.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Eugenia Smagina (Евгeния Б. Смaгина) first published her grammar of the Old Nubian language in 1986 in Russian. For more than thirty years the work has remained untranslated, even though the late Gerald M. Browne affirmed that “this lucid, well-argued presentation should be available to all Nubiologists and ought therefore be translated into a western language.”&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Slavicist José Andrés Alonso de la Fuente has prepared a first English translation of this concise but indispensable work, which forms a necessary counterpart to Browne’s classic Old Nubian Grammar. The grammar is divided into sections on script, lexicon, morphology, and syntax, and is followed by the analysis of a sample text, known as The Miracle of St. Mēnas.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Smagina’s The Old Nubian Language provides an excellent first introduction into the grammar of this medieval Nilo-Saharan language.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The Old Nubian Texts from Attiri is the first publication in the Dotawo: Monographs series. It presents heretofore unpublished material: an edition of a series of manuscripts discovered during the Aswan High Dam campaign at the site of Attiri, a rocky island in the Batn el-Hajjar region in Sudan, and does so in an innovative way, through an intensive collaboration of the editors under the name of the Attiri Collaborative. By bringing together their diverse backgrounds in linguistics, archeology, Bible studies, history, anthropology, and philology, the editors hope to have provided an example of a new model of collective manuscript editing and the results such collaboration can attain.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The collection consists of 15 manuscript fragments that were all written in Old Nubian. Among these manuscripts special mention should be made of two parchment leaves from a codex dedicated to works on the Archangel Michael, a lectionary containing fragments from the Gospel of Matthew and the Second Letter to the Corinthians, as well as a rare letter written on a leather sheet.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The Old Nubian Texts from Attiri is the first publication in the Dotawo: Monographs series. It presents heretofore unpublished material: an edition of a series of manuscripts discovered during the Aswan High Dam campaign at the site of Attiri, a rocky island in the Batn el-Hajjar region in Sudan, and does so in an innovative way, through an intensive collaboration of the editors under the name of the Attiri Collaborative. By bringing together their diverse backgrounds in linguistics, archeology, Bible studies, history, anthropology, and philology, the editors hope to have provided an example of a new model of collective manuscript editing and the results such collaboration can attain.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The collection consists of 15 manuscript fragments that were all written in Old Nubian. Among these manuscripts special mention should be made of two parchment leaves from a codex dedicated to works on the Archangel Michael, a lectionary containing fragments from the Gospel of Matthew and the Second Letter to the Corinthians, as well as a rare letter written on a leather sheet.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The Covid-19 pandemic has been expressed in various ways through visuality and performance, and some of its more nuanced cultural implications have taken place in a realm that goes beyond words. Through the exploration of the visual culture produced during and in response to the Covid-19 pandemic, The Pandemic Visual Regime: Visuality and Performativity in the Covid-19 Crisis highlights the key role played by images in shaping our understanding of the epochal transformations our society is undergoing.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This book argues that visuality and its relationships with the performative have played such a significant role in the Covid-19 pandemic that we can even speak of the emergence of a “pandemic visual regime,” a new way of seeing and representing the world under this global emergency.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Through an interdisciplinary framework, The Pandemic Visual Regime aims to answer an array of questions: In which ways have the effects of the pandemic been racialized, thereby reinforcing white supremacy? How are our responses to Covid-19 shaped by the Hollywood “outbreak narrative” of films such as Contagion? How has design responded to our new pandemic needs? How have infographics affected our perception? In which new ways have we come to inhabit private, public, and virtual space? Regarding the latter, what changes have there been in the forms of digital surveillance? On the other side of the spectrum, what forms has mutual aid taken and what have been our forms of relating with nature, both during lockdown and after lockdown was over? All these questions open the field to rethinking the visuality of our post-pandemic zeitgeist.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The Covid-19 pandemic has been expressed in various ways through visuality and performance, and some of its more nuanced cultural implications have taken place in a realm that goes beyond words. Through the exploration of the visual culture produced during and in response to the Covid-19 pandemic, The Pandemic Visual Regime: Visuality and Performativity in the Covid-19 Crisis highlights the key role played by images in shaping our understanding of the epochal transformations our society is undergoing.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This book argues that visuality and its relationships with the performative have played such a significant role in the Covid-19 pandemic that we can even speak of the emergence of a “pandemic visual regime,” a new way of seeing and representing the world under this global emergency.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Through an interdisciplinary framework, The Pandemic Visual Regime aims to answer an array of questions: In which ways have the effects of the pandemic been racialized, thereby reinforcing white supremacy? How are our responses to Covid-19 shaped by the Hollywood “outbreak narrative” of films such as Contagion? How has design responded to our new pandemic needs? How have infographics affected our perception? In which new ways have we come to inhabit private, public, and virtual space? Regarding the latter, what changes have there been in the forms of digital surveillance? On the other side of the spectrum, what forms has mutual aid taken and what have been our forms of relating with nature, both during lockdown and after lockdown was over? All these questions open the field to rethinking the visuality of our post-pandemic zeitgeist.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Nicholas Mirzoeff is a professor of media, culture, and communication at New York University. A visual activist, working at the intersection of politics and global/digital visual culture, since the late 1990s he has authored and edited various foundational books on visual culture, including The Visual Culture Reader (Routledge, 1998), An Introduction to Visual Culture (Routledge, 1999), The Right to Look: A Counterhistory of Visuality (Duke University Press, 2011), and How to See the World (Pelican, 2015). The last has been translated into ten languages and was a New Scientist Top Ten Book of the Year for 2015. His most recent publications include The Appearance of Black Lives Matter ([NAME] Publications, 2017) and White Sight: Visual Politics and Practices of Whiteness (MIT Press, 2023). A frequent blogger and writer, his work has also appeared on countless journals and magazine, including e-flux journal, Frieze, The Guardian, Hyperallergic, The Nation, The New Republic, The New York Times, and Time.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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            <TitleText language="eng">From "Contagion" to Covid</TitleText>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Dahlia Schweitzer is an associate professor and chair of the Film and Media Department at the Fashion Institute of Technology, New York. Her latest book, Haunted Homes (Rutgers up, 2021), explores the ways haunted homes have become a prime stage for dramatizing anxieties about family, gender, race, and economic collapse. Her previous books include L.A. Private Eyes (Rutgers up, 2019), Going Viral: Zombies, Viruses, and the End of the World (Rutgers up, 2018), and Cindy Sherman’s Office Killer: Another Kind of Monster (Intellect, 2014). Dahlia has published articles in various academic journals, including Cinema Journal, Journal of Popular Film and Television, Jump Cut, Quarterly Review of Film and Video, and Journal of Popular Culture.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Proliferating for the last twenty-five years, outbreak narratives have now reached epidemic proportions. From 28 Days Later to The Walking Dead, Outbreak to Contagion, films and television shows are filled with zombie viruses, bioengineered plagues, and disease-ravaged survivors. Not only have outbreak narratives infected public discourse and affected the way we view the world, but they have, especially right now, impacted global responses to COVID-19. The way infectious viruses are appropriated by Hollywood provides insight into the viruses themselves and the world we live in. After all, few things reflect social trends and anxieties like film and television. Alarmingly, outbreak narratives are even used as “how-to manuals” of sorts. For instance, as COVID-19 took hold, journalist Mike Stuchbery tweeted that crisis response teams were reading World War Z by Max Brooks (a fictional account of a zombie plague) as a study in the effects of epidemics. My chapter examines film and television outbreak narratives, studying how the repetition of characters, images, and story lines has produced a formulaic narrative that reflects and shapes new paradigms of disease and fear, connecting those to real-life events that have unfolded worldwide over the course of 2020.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Proliferating for the last twenty-five years, outbreak narratives have now reached epidemic proportions. From 28 Days Later to The Walking Dead, Outbreak to Contagion, films and television shows are filled with zombie viruses, bioengineered plagues, and disease-ravaged survivors. Not only have outbreak narratives infected public discourse and affected the way we view the world, but they have, especially right now, impacted global responses to COVID-19. The way infectious viruses are appropriated by Hollywood provides insight into the viruses themselves and the world we live in. After all, few things reflect social trends and anxieties like film and television. Alarmingly, outbreak narratives are even used as “how-to manuals” of sorts. For instance, as COVID-19 took hold, journalist Mike Stuchbery tweeted that crisis response teams were reading World War Z by Max Brooks (a fictional account of a zombie plague) as a study in the effects of epidemics. My chapter examines film and television outbreak narratives, studying how the repetition of characters, images, and story lines has produced a formulaic narrative that reflects and shapes new paradigms of disease and fear, connecting those to real-life events that have unfolded worldwide over the course of 2020.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Wearable Virus Shields</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">From Futuristic Dystopias to Actual Dread</Subtitle>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Francesco Spampinato is an associate professor in the Department of the Arts at the University of Bologna. His research in the fields of contemporary art history and visual studies is focused on the relationships between contemporary art, media, and technology, with particular attention to topics such as postmodernism, collective practices, media experimentations, and the effect of personal computers and the internet on visual culture. His latest publications include Art vs. TV: A Brief History of Contemporary Artists’ Responses to Television (Bloomsbury Academic, 2022); the edited monographs GMM—Giovanotti Mondani Meccanici: Computer Comics 1984–1987 (NERO, 2021), and Ran Slavin: Shapeshifter (Mousse Publishing, 2022); and monographic essays for either academic journals or exhibition catalogues on Public Movement (PAJ, 2018), Lizzie Fitch and Ryan Trecartin (Fondazione Prada, 2019), USCO (Visual Culture Studies, 2020), Studio Alchimia (Palinsesti, 2021), Susan Kare (Imago, 2022), and Kraftwerk (NeoClassica, 2023).&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Several dystopian design projects aimed at protecting and/or isolating users have been developed during the COVID-19 pandemic, including masks, visors, body bubbles, and other types of shields that allow avoiding actual contact with the surrounding space and with other people who could be possible carriers of the virus. The essay explores the uncanny analogies between speculative design ideas based on futuristic scenarios on one side, and practical design solutions, both self-made and mass-marketed, developed to cope with actual risks of contamination. After a brief history of wearable protections against “contagions”—with references to the evolution of cloth face masks in medicine, the paraphernalia related with the Cold War, and 1960s radical design projects—an overview of inventive masks and face shields of the COVID era will be outlined. Ranging from humoristic to fashionable to functional, these wearable inventions to prevent airborne respiration droplets from touching the user’s face have become a symbol of our time. The essay will take into consideration issues related to dread, dystopia, and the impact of media technologies on our imagination of a future in which we’ll live alienated, interacting with each other from behind screens.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Several dystopian design projects aimed at protecting and/or isolating users have been developed during the COVID-19 pandemic, including masks, visors, body bubbles, and other types of shields that allow avoiding actual contact with the surrounding space and with other people who could be possible carriers of the virus. The essay explores the uncanny analogies between speculative design ideas based on futuristic scenarios on one side, and practical design solutions, both self-made and mass-marketed, developed to cope with actual risks of contamination. After a brief history of wearable protections against “contagions”—with references to the evolution of cloth face masks in medicine, the paraphernalia related with the Cold War, and 1960s radical design projects—an overview of inventive masks and face shields of the COVID era will be outlined. Ranging from humoristic to fashionable to functional, these wearable inventions to prevent airborne respiration droplets from touching the user’s face have become a symbol of our time. The essay will take into consideration issues related to dread, dystopia, and the impact of media technologies on our imagination of a future in which we’ll live alienated, interacting with each other from behind screens.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Covid-19 Comics and the Data Visualization of Everyday Life</TitleText>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Anna Feigenbaum is a professor in digital storytelling at Bournemouth University where she codirects the Centre for Science, Health and Data Communication Research. She is coauthor of The Data Storytelling Workbook (Routledge, 2020) and Protest Camps (Zed, 2013), and author of Tear Gas (Verso, 2017). Her next monograph looks at human decision-making, data, and technology in the in/fertility marketplace. From digging into dusty archives to data visualizing absent deaths, as a scholar she is drawn to difficult, messy, and ethically challenging questions that exist around how we tell stories with data. As a consultant and trainer, Feigenbaum collaborates with charities, NGOs, health organizations, journalists, and other researchers to explore ways to tell humanizing data stories. In addition to author of peer-reviewed journal articles and book chapters, she is a dedicated science communicator, contributing to newspapers, podcasts, television, and radio programs around the world.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Alexandra Alberda is the first ever curator of indigenous perspectives at Manchester Museum. Before assuming her current role, she was a doctoral researcher and research illustrator at Bournemouth University. Her PhD dissertation, “Graphic Medicine Exhibited: Public Engagement with Comics in Curatorial Practice and Visitor Experience since 2010” (2021), explores the intersections of the comics medium, health, and exhibition to understand potential activist and community-based methodological approaches and sociocultural values of these experiences. Her collaborative projects have explored such topics as public health, health exhibitions, data storytelling and visualization, comics, and creative-led knowledge exchange. As a research illustrator, she has worked on a number of projects, including two Covid-19 webcomics, The Data Storytelling Workbook (Routledge, 2020), and an AHRC-funded Covid Comics research project led by Anna Feigenbaum (Bournemouth University).&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;During the COVID-19 pandemic our lives became deeply entwined with data visualizations.​ Alongside authorial graphics produced by the world’s biggest health organisations and newspapers, citizens and artists also leveraged data visualization conventions to express the turbulent, strange experience of everyday life under the virus. In this chapter we introduce the rise of ‘COVID-19 data comics’ by bringing together emergent thinking in the areas of Graphic Medicine and data feminism. We situate these data comics in relation to recent calls for data to be more humanised (Kennedy and Hill 2017, Lupi 2017, D’Ignazio and Klein 2020, Alamalhodaei et al 2020). Drawing on case study examples gathered as part of our broader UKRI/AHRC Covid Comics research project, we argue that integrating data and comics in ways that humanise health experiences can be a powerful tool for public health communications, data literacy and health equity. The examples of best practice we share show how innovating public health messages around an ethos of empathy can help foster what Lulu Pinney (2020) calls “data know-how” -- a way of doing ‘data literacy’ out in the everyday world.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;During the COVID-19 pandemic our lives became deeply entwined with data visualizations.​ Alongside authorial graphics produced by the world’s biggest health organisations and newspapers, citizens and artists also leveraged data visualization conventions to express the turbulent, strange experience of everyday life under the virus. In this chapter we introduce the rise of ‘COVID-19 data comics’ by bringing together emergent thinking in the areas of Graphic Medicine and data feminism. We situate these data comics in relation to recent calls for data to be more humanised (Kennedy and Hill 2017, Lupi 2017, D’Ignazio and Klein 2020, Alamalhodaei et al 2020). Drawing on case study examples gathered as part of our broader UKRI/AHRC Covid Comics research project, we argue that integrating data and comics in ways that humanise health experiences can be a powerful tool for public health communications, data literacy and health equity. The examples of best practice we share show how innovating public health messages around an ethos of empathy can help foster what Lulu Pinney (2020) calls “data know-how” -- a way of doing ‘data literacy’ out in the everyday world.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Going Viral</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Manuel Olveira</PersonName>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Manuel Olveira has been director of Hangar (Barcelona), CGAC (Santiago de Compostela), Centro Ágora (A Coruña), and MUSAC (León). He has curated several exhibitions and especially long-term and research-based projects, such as Lost in Sound (CGAC, 1999–2000), Open Processes (Hangar, 2004–2005), Publishing-Project (CGAC, 2006–2009), and Lecture-Performance (MUSAC, 2013–2014). Many of these were projects in progress and often generated archival documentation, such as the Covid-19 Archive. Olveira has organized courses, film screenings, and performance series on contemporary art with a critical perspective. He is author of essays on such artists as Luis Camnitzer (MUSAC, 2019) and Hessie (MUSAC, 2020). He has also created the web publishing project Complot (Hangar, 2004), the interview book Entre-vista (CGAC, 2008), and the essay collections Conferencia performativa (This Side Up, 2014) and Cómo vivir con la memoria (Puente editores, 2018). He has also published the novel Todo el tiempo del mundo (Libros de Rocamadour, 2014) and the book of poems Muero todos los días 2013–2021 (Eolas ediciones, 2021). His latest book is Habla del cuerpo social: Pandemia y politización del espacio público (Brumaria, 2022).&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The alteration in daily life resulting from the pandemic stimulates symptomatic presentations of the unconscious in the lives of people for whom reality has become a strange experience derived from the protocols, objects, and messages of the so-called new normal. The sixth chapter titled Going Viral: Survival Design explores those protocols, objects and messages that have become central to life during the pandemic. Face masks, cleaning products, banners, or other things have functioned as markers and symptoms of the situation. Some of them have been inventions with a strong DIY element, such as the hats created to enforce social distancing in Chinese schools. The chapter explores issues of functionality and objecthood in relation to everyday life, and domesticity, dealing with creativity within these realms; but also it explores the implications for the public space, especially those derived from the messages placed everywhere. An explosion of communication filled windows, doors and even the streets once we were allowed to escape confinement. This can be understood as if the social body affected by the pandemic were talking about fragility, urgency and survival produced by the ineffective neoliberal paradigm. In the social body’s many voices we can find references and tools to interpret the imperative viral reality that requires a search for new keys and paradigms.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The alteration in daily life resulting from the pandemic stimulates symptomatic presentations of the unconscious in the lives of people for whom reality has become a strange experience derived from the protocols, objects, and messages of the so-called new normal. The sixth chapter titled Going Viral: Survival Design explores those protocols, objects and messages that have become central to life during the pandemic. Face masks, cleaning products, banners, or other things have functioned as markers and symptoms of the situation. Some of them have been inventions with a strong DIY element, such as the hats created to enforce social distancing in Chinese schools. The chapter explores issues of functionality and objecthood in relation to everyday life, and domesticity, dealing with creativity within these realms; but also it explores the implications for the public space, especially those derived from the messages placed everywhere. An explosion of communication filled windows, doors and even the streets once we were allowed to escape confinement. This can be understood as if the social body affected by the pandemic were talking about fragility, urgency and survival produced by the ineffective neoliberal paradigm. In the social body’s many voices we can find references and tools to interpret the imperative viral reality that requires a search for new keys and paradigms.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">The Rise of Digital Governmentality in the Era of Covid-19</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Ramón Reichert</PersonName>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Ramón Reichert is a visiting professor for philosophy of science and methods of social research at the Cooperative State University, Mosbach, Germany; a senior researcher at the University of Applied Arts, Vienna, and the program director of MSc data studies at Danube University in Krems, Austria. He previously held teaching and research positions in Basel, Berlin, Fribourg, Helsinki, Lancaster, St. Gallen, Stockholm, and Zurich and was a long-time EU project coordinator. His research interests include the historiography of media and technology, the influence of new media and communication technologies (internet, social media, visual culture), and identity politics. He is the coeditor of the refereed, international journal Digital Culture &amp;amp; Society, in which he has published various articles, including “Rethinking AI: Neural Networks, Biometrics and the New Artificial Intelligence” (2018), “The Politics of Metadata” (2020), and “Networked Images in Surveillance Capitalism” (2022). Reichert is also the editor of Big Data (2014), coauthor of Social Machine Facebook (2019), and author of Selfies: Self-thematization in digital image culture (2023).&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;A decisive effect of the worldwide spread of the corona virus is the transformation of digital lifestyle media into state-used recording, storage and distribution media. With the pandemic spread of the virus, the tectonics of digital power may have shifted the way forward. The global threat posed by the corona virus is transforming mobile media and their software applications into state-organized surveillance technologies. Mobility tracking is regarded by health authorities and government officials as a reliable data basis for enforcing political decisions as legitimate. Seen in this way, digital media take over the empirical basis of political action. The disciplinary techniques of state surveillance and punishment are migrating into all areas of digital communication and affect mobile media (geo-tracking), stop corona apps (monitoring), social media (blaming) and selfies (self-evidence). In a global comparison, this paper will compare different national strategies and also include non-western countries. In this context, this investigation is investigating the biosurveillance in China, Singapore and Hong Kong (SenseTime, TikTok etc.), the secret service control in Israel and the use of robotics in Tunisia.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;A decisive effect of the worldwide spread of the corona virus is the transformation of digital lifestyle media into state-used recording, storage and distribution media. With the pandemic spread of the virus, the tectonics of digital power may have shifted the way forward. The global threat posed by the corona virus is transforming mobile media and their software applications into state-organized surveillance technologies. Mobility tracking is regarded by health authorities and government officials as a reliable data basis for enforcing political decisions as legitimate. Seen in this way, digital media take over the empirical basis of political action. The disciplinary techniques of state surveillance and punishment are migrating into all areas of digital communication and affect mobile media (geo-tracking), stop corona apps (monitoring), social media (blaming) and selfies (self-evidence). In a global comparison, this paper will compare different national strategies and also include non-western countries. In this context, this investigation is investigating the biosurveillance in China, Singapore and Hong Kong (SenseTime, TikTok etc.), the secret service control in Israel and the use of robotics in Tunisia.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <PersonName>Ramón Reichert</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Societies in Movement</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Pandemic Crisis and Prefigurative Responses</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Marina Sitrin</PersonName>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Marina Sitrin is an associate professor of sociology at Binghamton University. She writes about, and is participant in, societies in movement. Her work specifically looks at new forms of social organization, such as autogestión, horizontalidad, prefigurative politics, and new affective social relationships. She grounds much of her work in ethnography, oral history, and sociological narrative. She is the coeditor with Colectiva Sembrar of Pandemic Solidarity: Mutual Aid During the COVID 19 Crisis (Pluto Press, 2020); author of Horizontalism: Voices of Popular Power in Argentina (AK Press, 2006), and Everyday Revolutions: Horizontalism and Autonomy in Argentina (Bloomsbury Publishing, 2012); coauthor of They Can’t Represent US! Reinventing Democracy from Greece to Occupy (Verso, 2014); and author of the forthcoming The New Revolutions from Social Movements to Societies in Movement.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This chapter explores the new networks of mutual aid, solidarity and care that have emerged around the world in response to the COVID-19 Pandemic, and through describing them, often using the voices of those organizing on the ground, argues that within these day-to-day relationships of care we see not so much social movements as traditionally understood, but rather societies in movement, within which are the seeds of a new society. This phenomenon is linked to the past twenty years of horizontal, autonomous, and affective (care and trust based) forms of organizing, which has been striving to prefigure a new society in the shell of the old. As with many prefigurative movements, as will be described so as to better locate this global rise in mutual aid, they generally do not come from people organizing with a plan to change society or even people who have been involved in political organizing, but arise from necessity, and in that need find that the most useful—and most empowering and enjoyable—way of organizing is horizontally, sharing power and creating space for equal participation and mutual care.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This chapter explores the new networks of mutual aid, solidarity and care that have emerged around the world in response to the COVID-19 Pandemic, and through describing them, often using the voices of those organizing on the ground, argues that within these day-to-day relationships of care we see not so much social movements as traditionally understood, but rather societies in movement, within which are the seeds of a new society. This phenomenon is linked to the past twenty years of horizontal, autonomous, and affective (care and trust based) forms of organizing, which has been striving to prefigure a new society in the shell of the old. As with many prefigurative movements, as will be described so as to better locate this global rise in mutual aid, they generally do not come from people organizing with a plan to change society or even people who have been involved in political organizing, but arise from necessity, and in that need find that the most useful—and most empowering and enjoyable—way of organizing is horizontally, sharing power and creating space for equal participation and mutual care.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Pandemic Pastoral</TitleText>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Julia Ramírez-Blanco is a Ramón y Cajal Researcher at Complutense University, Madrid. Her work connects art history, utopian studies, and activism. She is author of Artistic Utopias of Revolt (Palgrave, 2018); 15M: El tiempo de las plazas (Alianza, 2021); Amigos, disfraces y comunas (Cátedra, 2022); La ciudad del Sol: Le mouvement 15M entre formes et performances (Éditions Lorelei, 2023). Member of the Research Collective of the C4AA, she also has co-led the research and exhibition project Grande Révolution Domèstique-Guise on feminist utopias. She has amply collaborated with the Museum of Contemporary Art of Barcelona (MACBA) and has curated the 15M materials for the recent reorganization of the permanent collection of the Reina Sofia Museum in Madrid. In Reina Sofía, she is part of the core group of “Tejidos Conjuntivos,” the Museum’s Study Programme in Critical Museology, Artistic Research Practices, and Cultural Studies.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Ramírez-Blanco reads the complex representations of the “natural” realm that have taken place during those times in which people felt further than ever from other forms of life, human or non-human. Confinement in many cities gave rise to empty streets, and vacant buildings, creating images of uncanny beauty that can be perceived as a kind of “pandemic sublime”. However, many people trapped at home became ever more nostalgic for an idealized nature, perceived through their computers and phones, and which mediated in different fictionalized or direct ways with the non-human realm. Through videos, phone calls with non-human animals, or even a “back to the land” movement after confinement, this chapter traces how the “pandemic sublime” has lead to the construction of what can be termed a “pandemic pastoral”. The author makes clear how, in its sentimental and non-ideological dimensions, this imaginary needs to be politicized if we want to respond to the next global emergency: that of present climate change and environmental destruction which led to the pandemic in the first place.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Ramírez-Blanco reads the complex representations of the “natural” realm that have taken place during those times in which people felt further than ever from other forms of life, human or non-human. Confinement in many cities gave rise to empty streets, and vacant buildings, creating images of uncanny beauty that can be perceived as a kind of “pandemic sublime”. However, many people trapped at home became ever more nostalgic for an idealized nature, perceived through their computers and phones, and which mediated in different fictionalized or direct ways with the non-human realm. Through videos, phone calls with non-human animals, or even a “back to the land” movement after confinement, this chapter traces how the “pandemic sublime” has lead to the construction of what can be termed a “pandemic pastoral”. The author makes clear how, in its sentimental and non-ideological dimensions, this imaginary needs to be politicized if we want to respond to the next global emergency: that of present climate change and environmental destruction which led to the pandemic in the first place.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Julia Ramírez-Blanco is a Ramón y Cajal Researcher at Complutense University, Madrid. Her work connects art history, utopian studies, and activism. She is author of Artistic Utopias of Revolt (Palgrave, 2018); 15M: El tiempo de las plazas (Alianza, 2021); Amigos, disfraces y comunas (Cátedra, 2022); La ciudad del Sol: Le mouvement 15M entre formes et performances (Éditions Lorelei, 2023). Member of the Research Collective of the C4AA, she also has co-led the research and exhibition project Grande Révolution Domèstique-Guise on feminist utopias. She has amply collaborated with the Museum of Contemporary Art of Barcelona (MACBA) and has curated the 15M materials for the recent reorganization of the permanent collection of the Reina Sofia Museum in Madrid. In Reina Sofía, she is part of the core group of “Tejidos Conjuntivos,” the Museum’s Study Programme in Critical Museology, Artistic Research Practices, and Cultural Studies.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Francesco Spampinato is an associate professor in the Department of the Arts at the University of Bologna. His research in the fields of contemporary art history and visual studies is focused on the relationships between contemporary art, media, and technology, with particular attention to topics such as postmodernism, collective practices, media experimentations, and the effect of personal computers and the internet on visual culture. His latest publications include Art vs. TV: A Brief History of Contemporary Artists’ Responses to Television (Bloomsbury Academic, 2022); the edited monographs GMM—Giovanotti Mondani Meccanici: Computer Comics 1984–1987 (NERO, 2021), and Ran Slavin: Shapeshifter (Mousse Publishing, 2022); and monographic essays for either academic journals or exhibition catalogues on Public Movement (PAJ, 2018), Lizzie Fitch and Ryan Trecartin (Fondazione Prada, 2019), USCO (Visual Culture Studies, 2020), Studio Alchimia (Palinsesti, 2021), Susan Kare (Imago, 2022), and Kraftwerk (NeoClassica, 2023).&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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        <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Julia Ramírez-Blanco is a Ramón y Cajal Researcher at Complutense University, Madrid. Her work connects art history, utopian studies, and activism. She is author of Artistic Utopias of Revolt (Palgrave, 2018); 15M: El tiempo de las plazas (Alianza, 2021); Amigos, disfraces y comunas (Cátedra, 2022); La ciudad del Sol: Le mouvement 15M entre formes et performances (Éditions Lorelei, 2023). Member of the Research Collective of the C4AA, she also has co-led the research and exhibition project Grande Révolution Domèstique-Guise on feminist utopias. She has amply collaborated with the Museum of Contemporary Art of Barcelona (MACBA) and has curated the 15M materials for the recent reorganization of the permanent collection of the Reina Sofia Museum in Madrid. In Reina Sofía, she is part of the core group of “Tejidos Conjuntivos,” the Museum’s Study Programme in Critical Museology, Artistic Research Practices, and Cultural Studies.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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        <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Francesco Spampinato is an associate professor in the Department of the Arts at the University of Bologna. His research in the fields of contemporary art history and visual studies is focused on the relationships between contemporary art, media, and technology, with particular attention to topics such as postmodernism, collective practices, media experimentations, and the effect of personal computers and the internet on visual culture. His latest publications include Art vs. TV: A Brief History of Contemporary Artists’ Responses to Television (Bloomsbury Academic, 2022); the edited monographs GMM—Giovanotti Mondani Meccanici: Computer Comics 1984–1987 (NERO, 2021), and Ran Slavin: Shapeshifter (Mousse Publishing, 2022); and monographic essays for either academic journals or exhibition catalogues on Public Movement (PAJ, 2018), Lizzie Fitch and Ryan Trecartin (Fondazione Prada, 2019), USCO (Visual Culture Studies, 2020), Studio Alchimia (Palinsesti, 2021), Susan Kare (Imago, 2022), and Kraftwerk (NeoClassica, 2023).&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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        <SubjectHeadingText>COVID-19; visual studies; performance; speculative design; film studies; digital culture; social movements; animal studies; dystopia</SubjectHeadingText>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The Covid-19 pandemic has been expressed in various ways through visuality and performance, and some of its more nuanced cultural implications have taken place in a realm that goes beyond words. Through the exploration of the visual culture produced during and in response to the Covid-19 pandemic, The Pandemic Visual Regime: Visuality and Performativity in the Covid-19 Crisis highlights the key role played by images in shaping our understanding of the epochal transformations our society is undergoing.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This book argues that visuality and its relationships with the performative have played such a significant role in the Covid-19 pandemic that we can even speak of the emergence of a “pandemic visual regime,” a new way of seeing and representing the world under this global emergency.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Through an interdisciplinary framework, The Pandemic Visual Regime aims to answer an array of questions: In which ways have the effects of the pandemic been racialized, thereby reinforcing white supremacy? How are our responses to Covid-19 shaped by the Hollywood “outbreak narrative” of films such as Contagion? How has design responded to our new pandemic needs? How have infographics affected our perception? In which new ways have we come to inhabit private, public, and virtual space? Regarding the latter, what changes have there been in the forms of digital surveillance? On the other side of the spectrum, what forms has mutual aid taken and what have been our forms of relating with nature, both during lockdown and after lockdown was over? All these questions open the field to rethinking the visuality of our post-pandemic zeitgeist.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The Covid-19 pandemic has been expressed in various ways through visuality and performance, and some of its more nuanced cultural implications have taken place in a realm that goes beyond words. Through the exploration of the visual culture produced during and in response to the Covid-19 pandemic, The Pandemic Visual Regime: Visuality and Performativity in the Covid-19 Crisis highlights the key role played by images in shaping our understanding of the epochal transformations our society is undergoing.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This book argues that visuality and its relationships with the performative have played such a significant role in the Covid-19 pandemic that we can even speak of the emergence of a “pandemic visual regime,” a new way of seeing and representing the world under this global emergency.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Through an interdisciplinary framework, The Pandemic Visual Regime aims to answer an array of questions: In which ways have the effects of the pandemic been racialized, thereby reinforcing white supremacy? How are our responses to Covid-19 shaped by the Hollywood “outbreak narrative” of films such as Contagion? How has design responded to our new pandemic needs? How have infographics affected our perception? In which new ways have we come to inhabit private, public, and virtual space? Regarding the latter, what changes have there been in the forms of digital surveillance? On the other side of the spectrum, what forms has mutual aid taken and what have been our forms of relating with nature, both during lockdown and after lockdown was over? All these questions open the field to rethinking the visuality of our post-pandemic zeitgeist.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Julia Ramírez-Blanco is a Ramón y Cajal Researcher at Complutense University, Madrid. Her work connects art history, utopian studies, and activism. She is author of Artistic Utopias of Revolt (Palgrave, 2018); 15M: El tiempo de las plazas (Alianza, 2021); Amigos, disfraces y comunas (Cátedra, 2022); La ciudad del Sol: Le mouvement 15M entre formes et performances (Éditions Lorelei, 2023). Member of the Research Collective of the C4AA, she also has co-led the research and exhibition project Grande Révolution Domèstique-Guise on feminist utopias. She has amply collaborated with the Museum of Contemporary Art of Barcelona (MACBA) and has curated the 15M materials for the recent reorganization of the permanent collection of the Reina Sofia Museum in Madrid. In Reina Sofía, she is part of the core group of “Tejidos Conjuntivos,” the Museum’s Study Programme in Critical Museology, Artistic Research Practices, and Cultural Studies.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Francesco Spampinato is an associate professor in the Department of the Arts at the University of Bologna. His research in the fields of contemporary art history and visual studies is focused on the relationships between contemporary art, media, and technology, with particular attention to topics such as postmodernism, collective practices, media experimentations, and the effect of personal computers and the internet on visual culture. His latest publications include Art vs. TV: A Brief History of Contemporary Artists’ Responses to Television (Bloomsbury Academic, 2022); the edited monographs GMM—Giovanotti Mondani Meccanici: Computer Comics 1984–1987 (NERO, 2021), and Ran Slavin: Shapeshifter (Mousse Publishing, 2022); and monographic essays for either academic journals or exhibition catalogues on Public Movement (PAJ, 2018), Lizzie Fitch and Ryan Trecartin (Fondazione Prada, 2019), USCO (Visual Culture Studies, 2020), Studio Alchimia (Palinsesti, 2021), Susan Kare (Imago, 2022), and Kraftwerk (NeoClassica, 2023).&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Julia Ramírez-Blanco is a Ramón y Cajal Researcher at Complutense University, Madrid. Her work connects art history, utopian studies, and activism. She is author of Artistic Utopias of Revolt (Palgrave, 2018); 15M: El tiempo de las plazas (Alianza, 2021); Amigos, disfraces y comunas (Cátedra, 2022); La ciudad del Sol: Le mouvement 15M entre formes et performances (Éditions Lorelei, 2023). Member of the Research Collective of the C4AA, she also has co-led the research and exhibition project Grande Révolution Domèstique-Guise on feminist utopias. She has amply collaborated with the Museum of Contemporary Art of Barcelona (MACBA) and has curated the 15M materials for the recent reorganization of the permanent collection of the Reina Sofia Museum in Madrid. In Reina Sofía, she is part of the core group of “Tejidos Conjuntivos,” the Museum’s Study Programme in Critical Museology, Artistic Research Practices, and Cultural Studies.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Pandemic Visuality</TitleText>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Nicholas Mirzoeff is a professor of media, culture, and communication at New York University. A visual activist, working at the intersection of politics and global/digital visual culture, since the late 1990s he has authored and edited various foundational books on visual culture, including The Visual Culture Reader (Routledge, 1998), An Introduction to Visual Culture (Routledge, 1999), The Right to Look: A Counterhistory of Visuality (Duke University Press, 2011), and How to See the World (Pelican, 2015). The last has been translated into ten languages and was a New Scientist Top Ten Book of the Year for 2015. His most recent publications include The Appearance of Black Lives Matter ([NAME] Publications, 2017) and White Sight: Visual Politics and Practices of Whiteness (MIT Press, 2023). A frequent blogger and writer, his work has also appeared on countless journals and magazine, including e-flux journal, Frieze, The Guardian, Hyperallergic, The Nation, The New Republic, The New York Times, and Time.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This piece addresses the politics of immunity, in terms of both immunity from state action and immunity to viruses in the general crisis of 2020. Paying particular attention to the connections between white supremacy and these immunopolitics, biopolitics and necropolitics, the essay examines a series of specific moments in the psychodrama of US life across 2020.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This piece addresses the politics of immunity, in terms of both immunity from state action and immunity to viruses in the general crisis of 2020. Paying particular attention to the connections between white supremacy and these immunopolitics, biopolitics and necropolitics, the essay examines a series of specific moments in the psychodrama of US life across 2020.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">From "Contagion" to Covid</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">How Hollywood Turns Viral Fear into Viral Profits</Subtitle>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Dahlia Schweitzer is an associate professor and chair of the Film and Media Department at the Fashion Institute of Technology, New York. Her latest book, Haunted Homes (Rutgers up, 2021), explores the ways haunted homes have become a prime stage for dramatizing anxieties about family, gender, race, and economic collapse. Her previous books include L.A. Private Eyes (Rutgers up, 2019), Going Viral: Zombies, Viruses, and the End of the World (Rutgers up, 2018), and Cindy Sherman’s Office Killer: Another Kind of Monster (Intellect, 2014). Dahlia has published articles in various academic journals, including Cinema Journal, Journal of Popular Film and Television, Jump Cut, Quarterly Review of Film and Video, and Journal of Popular Culture.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Proliferating for the last twenty-five years, outbreak narratives have now reached epidemic proportions. From 28 Days Later to The Walking Dead, Outbreak to Contagion, films and television shows are filled with zombie viruses, bioengineered plagues, and disease-ravaged survivors. Not only have outbreak narratives infected public discourse and affected the way we view the world, but they have, especially right now, impacted global responses to COVID-19. The way infectious viruses are appropriated by Hollywood provides insight into the viruses themselves and the world we live in. After all, few things reflect social trends and anxieties like film and television. Alarmingly, outbreak narratives are even used as “how-to manuals” of sorts. For instance, as COVID-19 took hold, journalist Mike Stuchbery tweeted that crisis response teams were reading World War Z by Max Brooks (a fictional account of a zombie plague) as a study in the effects of epidemics. My chapter examines film and television outbreak narratives, studying how the repetition of characters, images, and story lines has produced a formulaic narrative that reflects and shapes new paradigms of disease and fear, connecting those to real-life events that have unfolded worldwide over the course of 2020.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Proliferating for the last twenty-five years, outbreak narratives have now reached epidemic proportions. From 28 Days Later to The Walking Dead, Outbreak to Contagion, films and television shows are filled with zombie viruses, bioengineered plagues, and disease-ravaged survivors. Not only have outbreak narratives infected public discourse and affected the way we view the world, but they have, especially right now, impacted global responses to COVID-19. The way infectious viruses are appropriated by Hollywood provides insight into the viruses themselves and the world we live in. After all, few things reflect social trends and anxieties like film and television. Alarmingly, outbreak narratives are even used as “how-to manuals” of sorts. For instance, as COVID-19 took hold, journalist Mike Stuchbery tweeted that crisis response teams were reading World War Z by Max Brooks (a fictional account of a zombie plague) as a study in the effects of epidemics. My chapter examines film and television outbreak narratives, studying how the repetition of characters, images, and story lines has produced a formulaic narrative that reflects and shapes new paradigms of disease and fear, connecting those to real-life events that have unfolded worldwide over the course of 2020.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Wearable Virus Shields</TitleText>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Francesco Spampinato is an associate professor in the Department of the Arts at the University of Bologna. His research in the fields of contemporary art history and visual studies is focused on the relationships between contemporary art, media, and technology, with particular attention to topics such as postmodernism, collective practices, media experimentations, and the effect of personal computers and the internet on visual culture. His latest publications include Art vs. TV: A Brief History of Contemporary Artists’ Responses to Television (Bloomsbury Academic, 2022); the edited monographs GMM—Giovanotti Mondani Meccanici: Computer Comics 1984–1987 (NERO, 2021), and Ran Slavin: Shapeshifter (Mousse Publishing, 2022); and monographic essays for either academic journals or exhibition catalogues on Public Movement (PAJ, 2018), Lizzie Fitch and Ryan Trecartin (Fondazione Prada, 2019), USCO (Visual Culture Studies, 2020), Studio Alchimia (Palinsesti, 2021), Susan Kare (Imago, 2022), and Kraftwerk (NeoClassica, 2023).&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Several dystopian design projects aimed at protecting and/or isolating users have been developed during the COVID-19 pandemic, including masks, visors, body bubbles, and other types of shields that allow avoiding actual contact with the surrounding space and with other people who could be possible carriers of the virus. The essay explores the uncanny analogies between speculative design ideas based on futuristic scenarios on one side, and practical design solutions, both self-made and mass-marketed, developed to cope with actual risks of contamination. After a brief history of wearable protections against “contagions”—with references to the evolution of cloth face masks in medicine, the paraphernalia related with the Cold War, and 1960s radical design projects—an overview of inventive masks and face shields of the COVID era will be outlined. Ranging from humoristic to fashionable to functional, these wearable inventions to prevent airborne respiration droplets from touching the user’s face have become a symbol of our time. The essay will take into consideration issues related to dread, dystopia, and the impact of media technologies on our imagination of a future in which we’ll live alienated, interacting with each other from behind screens.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Several dystopian design projects aimed at protecting and/or isolating users have been developed during the COVID-19 pandemic, including masks, visors, body bubbles, and other types of shields that allow avoiding actual contact with the surrounding space and with other people who could be possible carriers of the virus. The essay explores the uncanny analogies between speculative design ideas based on futuristic scenarios on one side, and practical design solutions, both self-made and mass-marketed, developed to cope with actual risks of contamination. After a brief history of wearable protections against “contagions”—with references to the evolution of cloth face masks in medicine, the paraphernalia related with the Cold War, and 1960s radical design projects—an overview of inventive masks and face shields of the COVID era will be outlined. Ranging from humoristic to fashionable to functional, these wearable inventions to prevent airborne respiration droplets from touching the user’s face have become a symbol of our time. The essay will take into consideration issues related to dread, dystopia, and the impact of media technologies on our imagination of a future in which we’ll live alienated, interacting with each other from behind screens.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Covid-19 Comics and the Data Visualization of Everyday Life</TitleText>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Anna Feigenbaum is a professor in digital storytelling at Bournemouth University where she codirects the Centre for Science, Health and Data Communication Research. She is coauthor of The Data Storytelling Workbook (Routledge, 2020) and Protest Camps (Zed, 2013), and author of Tear Gas (Verso, 2017). Her next monograph looks at human decision-making, data, and technology in the in/fertility marketplace. From digging into dusty archives to data visualizing absent deaths, as a scholar she is drawn to difficult, messy, and ethically challenging questions that exist around how we tell stories with data. As a consultant and trainer, Feigenbaum collaborates with charities, NGOs, health organizations, journalists, and other researchers to explore ways to tell humanizing data stories. In addition to author of peer-reviewed journal articles and book chapters, she is a dedicated science communicator, contributing to newspapers, podcasts, television, and radio programs around the world.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Alexandra Alberda is the first ever curator of indigenous perspectives at Manchester Museum. Before assuming her current role, she was a doctoral researcher and research illustrator at Bournemouth University. Her PhD dissertation, “Graphic Medicine Exhibited: Public Engagement with Comics in Curatorial Practice and Visitor Experience since 2010” (2021), explores the intersections of the comics medium, health, and exhibition to understand potential activist and community-based methodological approaches and sociocultural values of these experiences. Her collaborative projects have explored such topics as public health, health exhibitions, data storytelling and visualization, comics, and creative-led knowledge exchange. As a research illustrator, she has worked on a number of projects, including two Covid-19 webcomics, The Data Storytelling Workbook (Routledge, 2020), and an AHRC-funded Covid Comics research project led by Anna Feigenbaum (Bournemouth University).&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;During the COVID-19 pandemic our lives became deeply entwined with data visualizations.​ Alongside authorial graphics produced by the world’s biggest health organisations and newspapers, citizens and artists also leveraged data visualization conventions to express the turbulent, strange experience of everyday life under the virus. In this chapter we introduce the rise of ‘COVID-19 data comics’ by bringing together emergent thinking in the areas of Graphic Medicine and data feminism. We situate these data comics in relation to recent calls for data to be more humanised (Kennedy and Hill 2017, Lupi 2017, D’Ignazio and Klein 2020, Alamalhodaei et al 2020). Drawing on case study examples gathered as part of our broader UKRI/AHRC Covid Comics research project, we argue that integrating data and comics in ways that humanise health experiences can be a powerful tool for public health communications, data literacy and health equity. The examples of best practice we share show how innovating public health messages around an ethos of empathy can help foster what Lulu Pinney (2020) calls “data know-how” -- a way of doing ‘data literacy’ out in the everyday world.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;During the COVID-19 pandemic our lives became deeply entwined with data visualizations.​ Alongside authorial graphics produced by the world’s biggest health organisations and newspapers, citizens and artists also leveraged data visualization conventions to express the turbulent, strange experience of everyday life under the virus. In this chapter we introduce the rise of ‘COVID-19 data comics’ by bringing together emergent thinking in the areas of Graphic Medicine and data feminism. We situate these data comics in relation to recent calls for data to be more humanised (Kennedy and Hill 2017, Lupi 2017, D’Ignazio and Klein 2020, Alamalhodaei et al 2020). Drawing on case study examples gathered as part of our broader UKRI/AHRC Covid Comics research project, we argue that integrating data and comics in ways that humanise health experiences can be a powerful tool for public health communications, data literacy and health equity. The examples of best practice we share show how innovating public health messages around an ethos of empathy can help foster what Lulu Pinney (2020) calls “data know-how” -- a way of doing ‘data literacy’ out in the everyday world.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Going Viral</TitleText>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Manuel Olveira has been director of Hangar (Barcelona), CGAC (Santiago de Compostela), Centro Ágora (A Coruña), and MUSAC (León). He has curated several exhibitions and especially long-term and research-based projects, such as Lost in Sound (CGAC, 1999–2000), Open Processes (Hangar, 2004–2005), Publishing-Project (CGAC, 2006–2009), and Lecture-Performance (MUSAC, 2013–2014). Many of these were projects in progress and often generated archival documentation, such as the Covid-19 Archive. Olveira has organized courses, film screenings, and performance series on contemporary art with a critical perspective. He is author of essays on such artists as Luis Camnitzer (MUSAC, 2019) and Hessie (MUSAC, 2020). He has also created the web publishing project Complot (Hangar, 2004), the interview book Entre-vista (CGAC, 2008), and the essay collections Conferencia performativa (This Side Up, 2014) and Cómo vivir con la memoria (Puente editores, 2018). He has also published the novel Todo el tiempo del mundo (Libros de Rocamadour, 2014) and the book of poems Muero todos los días 2013–2021 (Eolas ediciones, 2021). His latest book is Habla del cuerpo social: Pandemia y politización del espacio público (Brumaria, 2022).&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The alteration in daily life resulting from the pandemic stimulates symptomatic presentations of the unconscious in the lives of people for whom reality has become a strange experience derived from the protocols, objects, and messages of the so-called new normal. The sixth chapter titled Going Viral: Survival Design explores those protocols, objects and messages that have become central to life during the pandemic. Face masks, cleaning products, banners, or other things have functioned as markers and symptoms of the situation. Some of them have been inventions with a strong DIY element, such as the hats created to enforce social distancing in Chinese schools. The chapter explores issues of functionality and objecthood in relation to everyday life, and domesticity, dealing with creativity within these realms; but also it explores the implications for the public space, especially those derived from the messages placed everywhere. An explosion of communication filled windows, doors and even the streets once we were allowed to escape confinement. This can be understood as if the social body affected by the pandemic were talking about fragility, urgency and survival produced by the ineffective neoliberal paradigm. In the social body’s many voices we can find references and tools to interpret the imperative viral reality that requires a search for new keys and paradigms.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The alteration in daily life resulting from the pandemic stimulates symptomatic presentations of the unconscious in the lives of people for whom reality has become a strange experience derived from the protocols, objects, and messages of the so-called new normal. The sixth chapter titled Going Viral: Survival Design explores those protocols, objects and messages that have become central to life during the pandemic. Face masks, cleaning products, banners, or other things have functioned as markers and symptoms of the situation. Some of them have been inventions with a strong DIY element, such as the hats created to enforce social distancing in Chinese schools. The chapter explores issues of functionality and objecthood in relation to everyday life, and domesticity, dealing with creativity within these realms; but also it explores the implications for the public space, especially those derived from the messages placed everywhere. An explosion of communication filled windows, doors and even the streets once we were allowed to escape confinement. This can be understood as if the social body affected by the pandemic were talking about fragility, urgency and survival produced by the ineffective neoliberal paradigm. In the social body’s many voices we can find references and tools to interpret the imperative viral reality that requires a search for new keys and paradigms.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">The Rise of Digital Governmentality in the Era of Covid-19</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Ramón Reichert</PersonName>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Ramón Reichert is a visiting professor for philosophy of science and methods of social research at the Cooperative State University, Mosbach, Germany; a senior researcher at the University of Applied Arts, Vienna, and the program director of MSc data studies at Danube University in Krems, Austria. He previously held teaching and research positions in Basel, Berlin, Fribourg, Helsinki, Lancaster, St. Gallen, Stockholm, and Zurich and was a long-time EU project coordinator. His research interests include the historiography of media and technology, the influence of new media and communication technologies (internet, social media, visual culture), and identity politics. He is the coeditor of the refereed, international journal Digital Culture &amp;amp; Society, in which he has published various articles, including “Rethinking AI: Neural Networks, Biometrics and the New Artificial Intelligence” (2018), “The Politics of Metadata” (2020), and “Networked Images in Surveillance Capitalism” (2022). Reichert is also the editor of Big Data (2014), coauthor of Social Machine Facebook (2019), and author of Selfies: Self-thematization in digital image culture (2023).&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;A decisive effect of the worldwide spread of the corona virus is the transformation of digital lifestyle media into state-used recording, storage and distribution media. With the pandemic spread of the virus, the tectonics of digital power may have shifted the way forward. The global threat posed by the corona virus is transforming mobile media and their software applications into state-organized surveillance technologies. Mobility tracking is regarded by health authorities and government officials as a reliable data basis for enforcing political decisions as legitimate. Seen in this way, digital media take over the empirical basis of political action. The disciplinary techniques of state surveillance and punishment are migrating into all areas of digital communication and affect mobile media (geo-tracking), stop corona apps (monitoring), social media (blaming) and selfies (self-evidence). In a global comparison, this paper will compare different national strategies and also include non-western countries. In this context, this investigation is investigating the biosurveillance in China, Singapore and Hong Kong (SenseTime, TikTok etc.), the secret service control in Israel and the use of robotics in Tunisia.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;A decisive effect of the worldwide spread of the corona virus is the transformation of digital lifestyle media into state-used recording, storage and distribution media. With the pandemic spread of the virus, the tectonics of digital power may have shifted the way forward. The global threat posed by the corona virus is transforming mobile media and their software applications into state-organized surveillance technologies. Mobility tracking is regarded by health authorities and government officials as a reliable data basis for enforcing political decisions as legitimate. Seen in this way, digital media take over the empirical basis of political action. The disciplinary techniques of state surveillance and punishment are migrating into all areas of digital communication and affect mobile media (geo-tracking), stop corona apps (monitoring), social media (blaming) and selfies (self-evidence). In a global comparison, this paper will compare different national strategies and also include non-western countries. In this context, this investigation is investigating the biosurveillance in China, Singapore and Hong Kong (SenseTime, TikTok etc.), the secret service control in Israel and the use of robotics in Tunisia.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Societies in Movement</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Pandemic Crisis and Prefigurative Responses</Subtitle>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Marina Sitrin is an associate professor of sociology at Binghamton University. She writes about, and is participant in, societies in movement. Her work specifically looks at new forms of social organization, such as autogestión, horizontalidad, prefigurative politics, and new affective social relationships. She grounds much of her work in ethnography, oral history, and sociological narrative. She is the coeditor with Colectiva Sembrar of Pandemic Solidarity: Mutual Aid During the COVID 19 Crisis (Pluto Press, 2020); author of Horizontalism: Voices of Popular Power in Argentina (AK Press, 2006), and Everyday Revolutions: Horizontalism and Autonomy in Argentina (Bloomsbury Publishing, 2012); coauthor of They Can’t Represent US! Reinventing Democracy from Greece to Occupy (Verso, 2014); and author of the forthcoming The New Revolutions from Social Movements to Societies in Movement.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This chapter explores the new networks of mutual aid, solidarity and care that have emerged around the world in response to the COVID-19 Pandemic, and through describing them, often using the voices of those organizing on the ground, argues that within these day-to-day relationships of care we see not so much social movements as traditionally understood, but rather societies in movement, within which are the seeds of a new society. This phenomenon is linked to the past twenty years of horizontal, autonomous, and affective (care and trust based) forms of organizing, which has been striving to prefigure a new society in the shell of the old. As with many prefigurative movements, as will be described so as to better locate this global rise in mutual aid, they generally do not come from people organizing with a plan to change society or even people who have been involved in political organizing, but arise from necessity, and in that need find that the most useful—and most empowering and enjoyable—way of organizing is horizontally, sharing power and creating space for equal participation and mutual care.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This chapter explores the new networks of mutual aid, solidarity and care that have emerged around the world in response to the COVID-19 Pandemic, and through describing them, often using the voices of those organizing on the ground, argues that within these day-to-day relationships of care we see not so much social movements as traditionally understood, but rather societies in movement, within which are the seeds of a new society. This phenomenon is linked to the past twenty years of horizontal, autonomous, and affective (care and trust based) forms of organizing, which has been striving to prefigure a new society in the shell of the old. As with many prefigurative movements, as will be described so as to better locate this global rise in mutual aid, they generally do not come from people organizing with a plan to change society or even people who have been involved in political organizing, but arise from necessity, and in that need find that the most useful—and most empowering and enjoyable—way of organizing is horizontally, sharing power and creating space for equal participation and mutual care.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Pandemic Pastoral</TitleText>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Julia Ramírez-Blanco is a Ramón y Cajal Researcher at Complutense University, Madrid. Her work connects art history, utopian studies, and activism. She is author of Artistic Utopias of Revolt (Palgrave, 2018); 15M: El tiempo de las plazas (Alianza, 2021); Amigos, disfraces y comunas (Cátedra, 2022); La ciudad del Sol: Le mouvement 15M entre formes et performances (Éditions Lorelei, 2023). Member of the Research Collective of the C4AA, she also has co-led the research and exhibition project Grande Révolution Domèstique-Guise on feminist utopias. She has amply collaborated with the Museum of Contemporary Art of Barcelona (MACBA) and has curated the 15M materials for the recent reorganization of the permanent collection of the Reina Sofia Museum in Madrid. In Reina Sofía, she is part of the core group of “Tejidos Conjuntivos,” the Museum’s Study Programme in Critical Museology, Artistic Research Practices, and Cultural Studies.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Ramírez-Blanco reads the complex representations of the “natural” realm that have taken place during those times in which people felt further than ever from other forms of life, human or non-human. Confinement in many cities gave rise to empty streets, and vacant buildings, creating images of uncanny beauty that can be perceived as a kind of “pandemic sublime”. However, many people trapped at home became ever more nostalgic for an idealized nature, perceived through their computers and phones, and which mediated in different fictionalized or direct ways with the non-human realm. Through videos, phone calls with non-human animals, or even a “back to the land” movement after confinement, this chapter traces how the “pandemic sublime” has lead to the construction of what can be termed a “pandemic pastoral”. The author makes clear how, in its sentimental and non-ideological dimensions, this imaginary needs to be politicized if we want to respond to the next global emergency: that of present climate change and environmental destruction which led to the pandemic in the first place.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Ramírez-Blanco reads the complex representations of the “natural” realm that have taken place during those times in which people felt further than ever from other forms of life, human or non-human. Confinement in many cities gave rise to empty streets, and vacant buildings, creating images of uncanny beauty that can be perceived as a kind of “pandemic sublime”. However, many people trapped at home became ever more nostalgic for an idealized nature, perceived through their computers and phones, and which mediated in different fictionalized or direct ways with the non-human realm. Through videos, phone calls with non-human animals, or even a “back to the land” movement after confinement, this chapter traces how the “pandemic sublime” has lead to the construction of what can be termed a “pandemic pastoral”. The author makes clear how, in its sentimental and non-ideological dimensions, this imaginary needs to be politicized if we want to respond to the next global emergency: that of present climate change and environmental destruction which led to the pandemic in the first place.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Julia Ramírez-Blanco is a Ramón y Cajal Researcher at Complutense University, Madrid. Her work connects art history, utopian studies, and activism. She is author of Artistic Utopias of Revolt (Palgrave, 2018); 15M: El tiempo de las plazas (Alianza, 2021); Amigos, disfraces y comunas (Cátedra, 2022); La ciudad del Sol: Le mouvement 15M entre formes et performances (Éditions Lorelei, 2023). Member of the Research Collective of the C4AA, she also has co-led the research and exhibition project Grande Révolution Domèstique-Guise on feminist utopias. She has amply collaborated with the Museum of Contemporary Art of Barcelona (MACBA) and has curated the 15M materials for the recent reorganization of the permanent collection of the Reina Sofia Museum in Madrid. In Reina Sofía, she is part of the core group of “Tejidos Conjuntivos,” the Museum’s Study Programme in Critical Museology, Artistic Research Practices, and Cultural Studies.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Francesco Spampinato is an associate professor in the Department of the Arts at the University of Bologna. His research in the fields of contemporary art history and visual studies is focused on the relationships between contemporary art, media, and technology, with particular attention to topics such as postmodernism, collective practices, media experimentations, and the effect of personal computers and the internet on visual culture. His latest publications include Art vs. TV: A Brief History of Contemporary Artists’ Responses to Television (Bloomsbury Academic, 2022); the edited monographs GMM—Giovanotti Mondani Meccanici: Computer Comics 1984–1987 (NERO, 2021), and Ran Slavin: Shapeshifter (Mousse Publishing, 2022); and monographic essays for either academic journals or exhibition catalogues on Public Movement (PAJ, 2018), Lizzie Fitch and Ryan Trecartin (Fondazione Prada, 2019), USCO (Visual Culture Studies, 2020), Studio Alchimia (Palinsesti, 2021), Susan Kare (Imago, 2022), and Kraftwerk (NeoClassica, 2023).&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;What strange transactions take place in the mobile spaces between loci? How does the flow of forces between fixed points enliven texts, suggest new connections, and map out the dizzying motion of myriad interactions? The essays in this volume were first presented at the 2014 New Chaucer Society Congress in Reykjavik, Iceland where a meeting of minds in a shared intermediate space initiated dialogue from diverse perspectives and wended its way through the invisible spaces between concrete categories, objects, and entities.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The resulting volume asks a core question: what can we learn by tarrying at the nexus points and hubs through which things move in and out of texts, attempting to trace not the things themselves or their supposedly stable significations, but rather their forms of emergence and retreat, of disorder and disequilibrium? The answer is complex and intermediate, for we ourselves are emerging and retreating within our own systems of transit and experiencing our own disequilibrium. Scholarship, like transit, is never complete and yet never congeals into inertia.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;What strange transactions take place in the mobile spaces between loci? How does the flow of forces between fixed points enliven texts, suggest new connections, and map out the dizzying motion of myriad interactions? The essays in this volume were first presented at the 2014 New Chaucer Society Congress in Reykjavik, Iceland where a meeting of minds in a shared intermediate space initiated dialogue from diverse perspectives and wended its way through the invisible spaces between concrete categories, objects, and entities.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The resulting volume asks a core question: what can we learn by tarrying at the nexus points and hubs through which things move in and out of texts, attempting to trace not the things themselves or their supposedly stable significations, but rather their forms of emergence and retreat, of disorder and disequilibrium? The answer is complex and intermediate, for we ourselves are emerging and retreating within our own systems of transit and experiencing our own disequilibrium. Scholarship, like transit, is never complete and yet never congeals into inertia.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This  volume  was  born  in  airports,  those  strange,  seemingly-artificial islands of commerce and activity located in remote in-dustrial  fringe  zones  away  from  the  pulsing  hubs  of  our  cities.  Filled  with  a  contrived  form  of  vitality  by  thousands  of  retail  staff,  businesses,  support  industries  and  engineering  facilities,  these  sprawling  complexes  warp  the  social  spaces  that  sur-round  them  —  displacing,  yet  creating.  Within  the  gleaming  halls  of  these  shrines  to  our  peregrinations,  the  passenger  is  neither here  nor  there,  but  in  a  strange  state  of  intermediacy.  Airports are a reconfiguration of space and time familiar to all air travellers — particularly to the academic — and yet redolent of phenomena that exist within intriguing corners of literature and history. It is the analogues of these strange twenty-first cen-tury  experiences,  their  transits,  transports,  scapes,  and  flows,  that inspired this collection. These essays follow twisting paths through literature that offer a liminal vantage point on ideas in progress. Like all experiences of being in transit, there is beauty and meaning when conventional movement recedes.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This  volume  was  born  in  airports,  those  strange,  seemingly-artificial islands of commerce and activity located in remote in-dustrial  fringe  zones  away  from  the  pulsing  hubs  of  our  cities.  Filled  with  a  contrived  form  of  vitality  by  thousands  of  retail  staff,  businesses,  support  industries  and  engineering  facilities,  these  sprawling  complexes  warp  the  social  spaces  that  sur-round  them  —  displacing,  yet  creating.  Within  the  gleaming  halls  of  these  shrines  to  our  peregrinations,  the  passenger  is  neither here  nor  there,  but  in  a  strange  state  of  intermediacy.  Airports are a reconfiguration of space and time familiar to all air travellers — particularly to the academic — and yet redolent of phenomena that exist within intriguing corners of literature and history. It is the analogues of these strange twenty-first cen-tury  experiences,  their  transits,  transports,  scapes,  and  flows,  that inspired this collection. These essays follow twisting paths through literature that offer a liminal vantage point on ideas in progress. Like all experiences of being in transit, there is beauty and meaning when conventional movement recedes.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In his 1981–82 lectures entitled The Hermeneutics of the Subject, Michel Foucault formulates that in the process of the self com-ing to truth in spirituality, the subject must be “changed, trans-formed, shifted, and, become, to some extent and up to a certain point,  other  than  himself.”1  This  paper  thinks  with  the  Prik  of  Conscience (c. 1400)2 as it presents the reader and penitent with the problem of the self as it becomes “other than” itself. This pro-cess of becoming other than oneself is reflected in the idea of the penitent as a pilgrim passing through worlds. On the one hand, the unknown author of the Prik of Conscience is concerned with exploring “the more world,” or the macrocosm, and its connec-tion  with  “the  less  world,”  the  microcosm.  On  the  other  hand,  the Conscience-author is concerned with a kind of life, what the Greeks  referred  to  as  bios,  linked  with  self-examination  in  the  process of penitence.3 The penitential self-examination is linked to  the  relationship  between  macrocosm  and  microcosm.  The  penitent  must  find  a  way  to  unsay  the  self  in  order  to  become  connected with these two iterations of cosmos.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In his 1981–82 lectures entitled The Hermeneutics of the Subject, Michel Foucault formulates that in the process of the self com-ing to truth in spirituality, the subject must be “changed, trans-formed, shifted, and, become, to some extent and up to a certain point,  other  than  himself.”1  This  paper  thinks  with  the  Prik  of  Conscience (c. 1400)2 as it presents the reader and penitent with the problem of the self as it becomes “other than” itself. This pro-cess of becoming other than oneself is reflected in the idea of the penitent as a pilgrim passing through worlds. On the one hand, the unknown author of the Prik of Conscience is concerned with exploring “the more world,” or the macrocosm, and its connec-tion  with  “the  less  world,”  the  microcosm.  On  the  other  hand,  the Conscience-author is concerned with a kind of life, what the Greeks  referred  to  as  bios,  linked  with  self-examination  in  the  process of penitence.3 The penitential self-examination is linked to  the  relationship  between  macrocosm  and  microcosm.  The  penitent  must  find  a  way  to  unsay  the  self  in  order  to  become  connected with these two iterations of cosmos.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Concordia Discors</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">The Traveling Heart as Foreign Objects in Chaucer's Troilus and Criseyde</Subtitle>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The quote from Horace’s Epistles in my epigraph succinctly ar-ticulates the complexity of the heart’s physical movements and characteristics in Chaucer’s Troilus and Criseyde: what I will dis-cuss in this essay as a process of concordia discors, or harmoni-ous  discord.  Hearts  in  this  poem  are  sometimes  just  symbols,  particularly  in  the  frequent  references  to  Troilus’s  heartache.2In  other  instances,  hearts  are  profoundly  material,  and  even  objectified in very specific and consistent ways throughout the narrative.  This  essay  focuses  on  the  removal  and  exchange  of  disembodied  and  objectified  hearts,  their  profound  effects  on  notions  of  identity  and  ontological  integrity  in  the  poem.  The  interactions between hearts and bodies in Troilus and Criseydealso  create  a  complex  interplay  of  transits,  transports,  scapes,3and  flows.  Bodies  move,  but  they  are  also  at  times  transport-ed against their will. Hearts are sometimes part of the internal landscapes  of  bodies,  but  at  other  times  they  are  transported  out  of  bodies.  While  the  degree  to  which  physical  dynamics  governing  movement  and  physical  integrity  in  works  of  fan-tasy remains a subject of critical debate, I argue that Chaucer’s insistence on materiality — that the hearts function in material ways  that  align  them  with  their  cultural  function  —  grants  the  traveling  hearts  some  degree  of  scientific  gravitas  within  their  historical context.4 The dual function of the heart, as both a ves-sel  and  a  thing  to  be  placed  inside  a  vessel,  makes  it  the  ideal  representation  for  the  cultural  conflicts  of  the  Trojan  War  as  represented  in  Chaucer’s  poem.  Themes  of  invasion,  mobility,  and  displacement  are  pivotal  to  the  plot,  and  encapsulated  by  the material forms and movements of the eagle’s heart and the heart-shaped  ruby  brooch  in  the  poem.  For  this  reason,  I  will  focus on the ways in which the forms of cognitive estrangement present in this poem — alienation of the reader from his or her physical  reality  through  cognitive  organization  of  an  alternate  reality — engage with the physical environment of the body, its interior, and the organization thereof.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The quote from Horace’s Epistles in my epigraph succinctly ar-ticulates the complexity of the heart’s physical movements and characteristics in Chaucer’s Troilus and Criseyde: what I will dis-cuss in this essay as a process of concordia discors, or harmoni-ous  discord.  Hearts  in  this  poem  are  sometimes  just  symbols,  particularly  in  the  frequent  references  to  Troilus’s  heartache.2In  other  instances,  hearts  are  profoundly  material,  and  even  objectified in very specific and consistent ways throughout the narrative.  This  essay  focuses  on  the  removal  and  exchange  of  disembodied  and  objectified  hearts,  their  profound  effects  on  notions  of  identity  and  ontological  integrity  in  the  poem.  The  interactions between hearts and bodies in Troilus and Criseydealso  create  a  complex  interplay  of  transits,  transports,  scapes,3and  flows.  Bodies  move,  but  they  are  also  at  times  transport-ed against their will. Hearts are sometimes part of the internal landscapes  of  bodies,  but  at  other  times  they  are  transported  out  of  bodies.  While  the  degree  to  which  physical  dynamics  governing  movement  and  physical  integrity  in  works  of  fan-tasy remains a subject of critical debate, I argue that Chaucer’s insistence on materiality — that the hearts function in material ways  that  align  them  with  their  cultural  function  —  grants  the  traveling  hearts  some  degree  of  scientific  gravitas  within  their  historical context.4 The dual function of the heart, as both a ves-sel  and  a  thing  to  be  placed  inside  a  vessel,  makes  it  the  ideal  representation  for  the  cultural  conflicts  of  the  Trojan  War  as  represented  in  Chaucer’s  poem.  Themes  of  invasion,  mobility,  and  displacement  are  pivotal  to  the  plot,  and  encapsulated  by  the material forms and movements of the eagle’s heart and the heart-shaped  ruby  brooch  in  the  poem.  For  this  reason,  I  will  focus on the ways in which the forms of cognitive estrangement present in this poem — alienation of the reader from his or her physical  reality  through  cognitive  organization  of  an  alternate  reality — engage with the physical environment of the body, its interior, and the organization thereof.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Whan I schal passyn hens</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Moving With/In The Book of Margery Kempe</Subtitle>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The  Book  of  Margery  Kempe,  dating  from  the  late  1430s,  bris-tles with concurrent transits, passages, and thoroughfares in all sorts of modes, scales, and palettes. Most obviously, the book’s shifting, shifty generic status incessantly confronts the reader’s expectations, demands, and avenues of understanding. Unequal parts  autobiography,  confessional,  saintly  résumé,  pilgrimage  narrative, devotional program, and psychodrama, the text con-tinuously provokes its medieval and modern users to ask what it is and what it is for.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The  Book  of  Margery  Kempe,  dating  from  the  late  1430s,  bris-tles with concurrent transits, passages, and thoroughfares in all sorts of modes, scales, and palettes. Most obviously, the book’s shifting, shifty generic status incessantly confronts the reader’s expectations, demands, and avenues of understanding. Unequal parts  autobiography,  confessional,  saintly  résumé,  pilgrimage  narrative, devotional program, and psychodrama, the text con-tinuously provokes its medieval and modern users to ask what it is and what it is for.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Animal Vehicles</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Mobility beyond Metaphor</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Carolynn Van Dyke</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>Lafayette College</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In  the  book  that  inspired  this  one,  John  Urry  redefines  not  just  social  structures  but  also  the  social  agent.  “[O]f  course,”  he  writes,  “agents  are  not  just  humans  but  will  be  a  variety  of  human and non-human actants that constitute the typical mo-bile,  roaming  hybrids.”1  Out  of  context,  “non-human  actants”  would  probably  mean  nonhuman  animals;  “roaming  hybrids”  might  be  peripatetic  centaurs  or  cyborgs.  In  fact,  however,  the  nonhuman  actants  that  Urry  discusses  are  principally  objects,  and  his  “hybrids”  are  “assemblages  of  humans,  machines,  and  technologies.”2  Animals  play  only  a  passive  role  in  his  “mobile  sociology,” as the potential recipients of rights and “citizenship.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In  the  book  that  inspired  this  one,  John  Urry  redefines  not  just  social  structures  but  also  the  social  agent.  “[O]f  course,”  he  writes,  “agents  are  not  just  humans  but  will  be  a  variety  of  human and non-human actants that constitute the typical mo-bile,  roaming  hybrids.”1  Out  of  context,  “non-human  actants”  would  probably  mean  nonhuman  animals;  “roaming  hybrids”  might  be  peripatetic  centaurs  or  cyborgs.  In  fact,  however,  the  nonhuman  actants  that  Urry  discusses  are  principally  objects,  and  his  “hybrids”  are  “assemblages  of  humans,  machines,  and  technologies.”2  Animals  play  only  a  passive  role  in  his  “mobile  sociology,” as the potential recipients of rights and “citizenship.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Building Bridges to Canterbury</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Sarah Breckenridge Wright</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In 2015, the word listicle was added to OxfordDictionaries.com, defined as “an article on the Internet presented in the form of a numbered  or  bullet-pointed  list.”1  By  consulting  a  listicle,  one  can learn “16 Snapchats Only Hipsters Would Send” (all deeply ironic) and “25 Things You Should Learn To Do Before Turning 25” (including “say no sometimes” and “invert the color on your phone  for  reading  at  night”).2  While  the  listicle  is  a  relatively  new phenomenon, it belies humankind’s longstanding desire to classify and categorize the world around it. The hipsters, steam-punks, and rockabillies of the twenty-first century were born of the same categorizing impulse that generated the beasts, birds, and  serpents  of  the  medieval  bestiary.  While  this  impulse  os-tensibly helps us understand the world, it too often leads to di-chotomies that fail to capture the dynamism of humankind and the world we inhabit.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In 2015, the word listicle was added to OxfordDictionaries.com, defined as “an article on the Internet presented in the form of a numbered  or  bullet-pointed  list.”1  By  consulting  a  listicle,  one  can learn “16 Snapchats Only Hipsters Would Send” (all deeply ironic) and “25 Things You Should Learn To Do Before Turning 25” (including “say no sometimes” and “invert the color on your phone  for  reading  at  night”).2  While  the  listicle  is  a  relatively  new phenomenon, it belies humankind’s longstanding desire to classify and categorize the world around it. The hipsters, steam-punks, and rockabillies of the twenty-first century were born of the same categorizing impulse that generated the beasts, birds, and  serpents  of  the  medieval  bestiary.  While  this  impulse  os-tensibly helps us understand the world, it too often leads to di-chotomies that fail to capture the dynamism of humankind and the world we inhabit.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Chaucer's Physics</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Motion in The House of Fame</Subtitle>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Geoffrey Chaucer’s House of Fame is preoccupied with multiple vectors of chaotic, incessant movement. It is a poem of constant spatial  motion,  but  three  moments  in  particular  are  strikingly  unusual  and  deserving  of  unpacking  in  relation  to  Chaucer’s  engagement  with  the  concept  of  movement.  The  first  is,  un-surprisingly, the description of the cage-like wooden structure, sixty miles in diameter, in the valley beyond the House of Fame: perhaps his most potent and strange image of motion. This laby-rinthine, multicolored structure is in constant circular motion: And ever mo, as swifte as thoughte, This queynte hous aboute wente, That never mo hyt stille stent.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Geoffrey Chaucer’s House of Fame is preoccupied with multiple vectors of chaotic, incessant movement. It is a poem of constant spatial  motion,  but  three  moments  in  particular  are  strikingly  unusual  and  deserving  of  unpacking  in  relation  to  Chaucer’s  engagement  with  the  concept  of  movement.  The  first  is,  un-surprisingly, the description of the cage-like wooden structure, sixty miles in diameter, in the valley beyond the House of Fame: perhaps his most potent and strange image of motion. This laby-rinthine, multicolored structure is in constant circular motion: And ever mo, as swifte as thoughte, This queynte hous aboute wente, That never mo hyt stille stent.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;What strange transactions take place in the mobile spaces between loci? How does the flow of forces between fixed points enliven texts, suggest new connections, and map out the dizzying motion of myriad interactions? The essays in this volume were first presented at the 2014 New Chaucer Society Congress in Reykjavik, Iceland where a meeting of minds in a shared intermediate space initiated dialogue from diverse perspectives and wended its way through the invisible spaces between concrete categories, objects, and entities.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The resulting volume asks a core question: what can we learn by tarrying at the nexus points and hubs through which things move in and out of texts, attempting to trace not the things themselves or their supposedly stable significations, but rather their forms of emergence and retreat, of disorder and disequilibrium? The answer is complex and intermediate, for we ourselves are emerging and retreating within our own systems of transit and experiencing our own disequilibrium. Scholarship, like transit, is never complete and yet never congeals into inertia.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;What strange transactions take place in the mobile spaces between loci? How does the flow of forces between fixed points enliven texts, suggest new connections, and map out the dizzying motion of myriad interactions? The essays in this volume were first presented at the 2014 New Chaucer Society Congress in Reykjavik, Iceland where a meeting of minds in a shared intermediate space initiated dialogue from diverse perspectives and wended its way through the invisible spaces between concrete categories, objects, and entities.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The resulting volume asks a core question: what can we learn by tarrying at the nexus points and hubs through which things move in and out of texts, attempting to trace not the things themselves or their supposedly stable significations, but rather their forms of emergence and retreat, of disorder and disequilibrium? The answer is complex and intermediate, for we ourselves are emerging and retreating within our own systems of transit and experiencing our own disequilibrium. Scholarship, like transit, is never complete and yet never congeals into inertia.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This  volume  was  born  in  airports,  those  strange,  seemingly-artificial islands of commerce and activity located in remote in-dustrial  fringe  zones  away  from  the  pulsing  hubs  of  our  cities.  Filled  with  a  contrived  form  of  vitality  by  thousands  of  retail  staff,  businesses,  support  industries  and  engineering  facilities,  these  sprawling  complexes  warp  the  social  spaces  that  sur-round  them  —  displacing,  yet  creating.  Within  the  gleaming  halls  of  these  shrines  to  our  peregrinations,  the  passenger  is  neither here  nor  there,  but  in  a  strange  state  of  intermediacy.  Airports are a reconfiguration of space and time familiar to all air travellers — particularly to the academic — and yet redolent of phenomena that exist within intriguing corners of literature and history. It is the analogues of these strange twenty-first cen-tury  experiences,  their  transits,  transports,  scapes,  and  flows,  that inspired this collection. These essays follow twisting paths through literature that offer a liminal vantage point on ideas in progress. Like all experiences of being in transit, there is beauty and meaning when conventional movement recedes.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This  volume  was  born  in  airports,  those  strange,  seemingly-artificial islands of commerce and activity located in remote in-dustrial  fringe  zones  away  from  the  pulsing  hubs  of  our  cities.  Filled  with  a  contrived  form  of  vitality  by  thousands  of  retail  staff,  businesses,  support  industries  and  engineering  facilities,  these  sprawling  complexes  warp  the  social  spaces  that  sur-round  them  —  displacing,  yet  creating.  Within  the  gleaming  halls  of  these  shrines  to  our  peregrinations,  the  passenger  is  neither here  nor  there,  but  in  a  strange  state  of  intermediacy.  Airports are a reconfiguration of space and time familiar to all air travellers — particularly to the academic — and yet redolent of phenomena that exist within intriguing corners of literature and history. It is the analogues of these strange twenty-first cen-tury  experiences,  their  transits,  transports,  scapes,  and  flows,  that inspired this collection. These essays follow twisting paths through literature that offer a liminal vantage point on ideas in progress. Like all experiences of being in transit, there is beauty and meaning when conventional movement recedes.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Bios in the Prik of Conscience</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">The Apophatic Body and Sensuous Soul</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Christopher Roman</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>Kent State University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In his 1981–82 lectures entitled The Hermeneutics of the Subject, Michel Foucault formulates that in the process of the self com-ing to truth in spirituality, the subject must be “changed, trans-formed, shifted, and, become, to some extent and up to a certain point,  other  than  himself.”1  This  paper  thinks  with  the  Prik  of  Conscience (c. 1400)2 as it presents the reader and penitent with the problem of the self as it becomes “other than” itself. This pro-cess of becoming other than oneself is reflected in the idea of the penitent as a pilgrim passing through worlds. On the one hand, the unknown author of the Prik of Conscience is concerned with exploring “the more world,” or the macrocosm, and its connec-tion  with  “the  less  world,”  the  microcosm.  On  the  other  hand,  the Conscience-author is concerned with a kind of life, what the Greeks  referred  to  as  bios,  linked  with  self-examination  in  the  process of penitence.3 The penitential self-examination is linked to  the  relationship  between  macrocosm  and  microcosm.  The  penitent  must  find  a  way  to  unsay  the  self  in  order  to  become  connected with these two iterations of cosmos.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In his 1981–82 lectures entitled The Hermeneutics of the Subject, Michel Foucault formulates that in the process of the self com-ing to truth in spirituality, the subject must be “changed, trans-formed, shifted, and, become, to some extent and up to a certain point,  other  than  himself.”1  This  paper  thinks  with  the  Prik  of  Conscience (c. 1400)2 as it presents the reader and penitent with the problem of the self as it becomes “other than” itself. This pro-cess of becoming other than oneself is reflected in the idea of the penitent as a pilgrim passing through worlds. On the one hand, the unknown author of the Prik of Conscience is concerned with exploring “the more world,” or the macrocosm, and its connec-tion  with  “the  less  world,”  the  microcosm.  On  the  other  hand,  the Conscience-author is concerned with a kind of life, what the Greeks  referred  to  as  bios,  linked  with  self-examination  in  the  process of penitence.3 The penitential self-examination is linked to  the  relationship  between  macrocosm  and  microcosm.  The  penitent  must  find  a  way  to  unsay  the  self  in  order  to  become  connected with these two iterations of cosmos.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <PersonName>Roman, Christopher</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Concordia Discors</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">The Traveling Heart as Foreign Objects in Chaucer's Troilus and Criseyde</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Jennie Friedrich</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>University of California, Riverside</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The quote from Horace’s Epistles in my epigraph succinctly ar-ticulates the complexity of the heart’s physical movements and characteristics in Chaucer’s Troilus and Criseyde: what I will dis-cuss in this essay as a process of concordia discors, or harmoni-ous  discord.  Hearts  in  this  poem  are  sometimes  just  symbols,  particularly  in  the  frequent  references  to  Troilus’s  heartache.2In  other  instances,  hearts  are  profoundly  material,  and  even  objectified in very specific and consistent ways throughout the narrative.  This  essay  focuses  on  the  removal  and  exchange  of  disembodied  and  objectified  hearts,  their  profound  effects  on  notions  of  identity  and  ontological  integrity  in  the  poem.  The  interactions between hearts and bodies in Troilus and Criseydealso  create  a  complex  interplay  of  transits,  transports,  scapes,3and  flows.  Bodies  move,  but  they  are  also  at  times  transport-ed against their will. Hearts are sometimes part of the internal landscapes  of  bodies,  but  at  other  times  they  are  transported  out  of  bodies.  While  the  degree  to  which  physical  dynamics  governing  movement  and  physical  integrity  in  works  of  fan-tasy remains a subject of critical debate, I argue that Chaucer’s insistence on materiality — that the hearts function in material ways  that  align  them  with  their  cultural  function  —  grants  the  traveling  hearts  some  degree  of  scientific  gravitas  within  their  historical context.4 The dual function of the heart, as both a ves-sel  and  a  thing  to  be  placed  inside  a  vessel,  makes  it  the  ideal  representation  for  the  cultural  conflicts  of  the  Trojan  War  as  represented  in  Chaucer’s  poem.  Themes  of  invasion,  mobility,  and  displacement  are  pivotal  to  the  plot,  and  encapsulated  by  the material forms and movements of the eagle’s heart and the heart-shaped  ruby  brooch  in  the  poem.  For  this  reason,  I  will  focus on the ways in which the forms of cognitive estrangement present in this poem — alienation of the reader from his or her physical  reality  through  cognitive  organization  of  an  alternate  reality — engage with the physical environment of the body, its interior, and the organization thereof.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The quote from Horace’s Epistles in my epigraph succinctly ar-ticulates the complexity of the heart’s physical movements and characteristics in Chaucer’s Troilus and Criseyde: what I will dis-cuss in this essay as a process of concordia discors, or harmoni-ous  discord.  Hearts  in  this  poem  are  sometimes  just  symbols,  particularly  in  the  frequent  references  to  Troilus’s  heartache.2In  other  instances,  hearts  are  profoundly  material,  and  even  objectified in very specific and consistent ways throughout the narrative.  This  essay  focuses  on  the  removal  and  exchange  of  disembodied  and  objectified  hearts,  their  profound  effects  on  notions  of  identity  and  ontological  integrity  in  the  poem.  The  interactions between hearts and bodies in Troilus and Criseydealso  create  a  complex  interplay  of  transits,  transports,  scapes,3and  flows.  Bodies  move,  but  they  are  also  at  times  transport-ed against their will. Hearts are sometimes part of the internal landscapes  of  bodies,  but  at  other  times  they  are  transported  out  of  bodies.  While  the  degree  to  which  physical  dynamics  governing  movement  and  physical  integrity  in  works  of  fan-tasy remains a subject of critical debate, I argue that Chaucer’s insistence on materiality — that the hearts function in material ways  that  align  them  with  their  cultural  function  —  grants  the  traveling  hearts  some  degree  of  scientific  gravitas  within  their  historical context.4 The dual function of the heart, as both a ves-sel  and  a  thing  to  be  placed  inside  a  vessel,  makes  it  the  ideal  representation  for  the  cultural  conflicts  of  the  Trojan  War  as  represented  in  Chaucer’s  poem.  Themes  of  invasion,  mobility,  and  displacement  are  pivotal  to  the  plot,  and  encapsulated  by  the material forms and movements of the eagle’s heart and the heart-shaped  ruby  brooch  in  the  poem.  For  this  reason,  I  will  focus on the ways in which the forms of cognitive estrangement present in this poem — alienation of the reader from his or her physical  reality  through  cognitive  organization  of  an  alternate  reality — engage with the physical environment of the body, its interior, and the organization thereof.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <PersonName>Friedrich, Jennie </PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Whan I schal passyn hens</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Moving With/In The Book of Margery Kempe</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Robert Stanton</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The  Book  of  Margery  Kempe,  dating  from  the  late  1430s,  bris-tles with concurrent transits, passages, and thoroughfares in all sorts of modes, scales, and palettes. Most obviously, the book’s shifting, shifty generic status incessantly confronts the reader’s expectations, demands, and avenues of understanding. Unequal parts  autobiography,  confessional,  saintly  résumé,  pilgrimage  narrative, devotional program, and psychodrama, the text con-tinuously provokes its medieval and modern users to ask what it is and what it is for.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The  Book  of  Margery  Kempe,  dating  from  the  late  1430s,  bris-tles with concurrent transits, passages, and thoroughfares in all sorts of modes, scales, and palettes. Most obviously, the book’s shifting, shifty generic status incessantly confronts the reader’s expectations, demands, and avenues of understanding. Unequal parts  autobiography,  confessional,  saintly  résumé,  pilgrimage  narrative, devotional program, and psychodrama, the text con-tinuously provokes its medieval and modern users to ask what it is and what it is for.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Animal Vehicles</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Mobility beyond Metaphor</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Carolynn Van Dyke</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>Lafayette College</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In  the  book  that  inspired  this  one,  John  Urry  redefines  not  just  social  structures  but  also  the  social  agent.  “[O]f  course,”  he  writes,  “agents  are  not  just  humans  but  will  be  a  variety  of  human and non-human actants that constitute the typical mo-bile,  roaming  hybrids.”1  Out  of  context,  “non-human  actants”  would  probably  mean  nonhuman  animals;  “roaming  hybrids”  might  be  peripatetic  centaurs  or  cyborgs.  In  fact,  however,  the  nonhuman  actants  that  Urry  discusses  are  principally  objects,  and  his  “hybrids”  are  “assemblages  of  humans,  machines,  and  technologies.”2  Animals  play  only  a  passive  role  in  his  “mobile  sociology,” as the potential recipients of rights and “citizenship.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In  the  book  that  inspired  this  one,  John  Urry  redefines  not  just  social  structures  but  also  the  social  agent.  “[O]f  course,”  he  writes,  “agents  are  not  just  humans  but  will  be  a  variety  of  human and non-human actants that constitute the typical mo-bile,  roaming  hybrids.”1  Out  of  context,  “non-human  actants”  would  probably  mean  nonhuman  animals;  “roaming  hybrids”  might  be  peripatetic  centaurs  or  cyborgs.  In  fact,  however,  the  nonhuman  actants  that  Urry  discusses  are  principally  objects,  and  his  “hybrids”  are  “assemblages  of  humans,  machines,  and  technologies.”2  Animals  play  only  a  passive  role  in  his  “mobile  sociology,” as the potential recipients of rights and “citizenship.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Building Bridges to Canterbury</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Sarah Breckenridge Wright</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In 2015, the word listicle was added to OxfordDictionaries.com, defined as “an article on the Internet presented in the form of a numbered  or  bullet-pointed  list.”1  By  consulting  a  listicle,  one  can learn “16 Snapchats Only Hipsters Would Send” (all deeply ironic) and “25 Things You Should Learn To Do Before Turning 25” (including “say no sometimes” and “invert the color on your phone  for  reading  at  night”).2  While  the  listicle  is  a  relatively  new phenomenon, it belies humankind’s longstanding desire to classify and categorize the world around it. The hipsters, steam-punks, and rockabillies of the twenty-first century were born of the same categorizing impulse that generated the beasts, birds, and  serpents  of  the  medieval  bestiary.  While  this  impulse  os-tensibly helps us understand the world, it too often leads to di-chotomies that fail to capture the dynamism of humankind and the world we inhabit.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In 2015, the word listicle was added to OxfordDictionaries.com, defined as “an article on the Internet presented in the form of a numbered  or  bullet-pointed  list.”1  By  consulting  a  listicle,  one  can learn “16 Snapchats Only Hipsters Would Send” (all deeply ironic) and “25 Things You Should Learn To Do Before Turning 25” (including “say no sometimes” and “invert the color on your phone  for  reading  at  night”).2  While  the  listicle  is  a  relatively  new phenomenon, it belies humankind’s longstanding desire to classify and categorize the world around it. The hipsters, steam-punks, and rockabillies of the twenty-first century were born of the same categorizing impulse that generated the beasts, birds, and  serpents  of  the  medieval  bestiary.  While  this  impulse  os-tensibly helps us understand the world, it too often leads to di-chotomies that fail to capture the dynamism of humankind and the world we inhabit.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <PersonName>Wright, Sarah Breckenridge </PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Chaucer's Physics</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Motion in The House of Fame</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Thomas R. Schneider</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>California Baptist University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Geoffrey Chaucer’s House of Fame is preoccupied with multiple vectors of chaotic, incessant movement. It is a poem of constant spatial  motion,  but  three  moments  in  particular  are  strikingly  unusual  and  deserving  of  unpacking  in  relation  to  Chaucer’s  engagement  with  the  concept  of  movement.  The  first  is,  un-surprisingly, the description of the cage-like wooden structure, sixty miles in diameter, in the valley beyond the House of Fame: perhaps his most potent and strange image of motion. This laby-rinthine, multicolored structure is in constant circular motion: And ever mo, as swifte as thoughte, This queynte hous aboute wente, That never mo hyt stille stent.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Geoffrey Chaucer’s House of Fame is preoccupied with multiple vectors of chaotic, incessant movement. It is a poem of constant spatial  motion,  but  three  moments  in  particular  are  strikingly  unusual  and  deserving  of  unpacking  in  relation  to  Chaucer’s  engagement  with  the  concept  of  movement.  The  first  is,  un-surprisingly, the description of the cage-like wooden structure, sixty miles in diameter, in the valley beyond the House of Fame: perhaps his most potent and strange image of motion. This laby-rinthine, multicolored structure is in constant circular motion: And ever mo, as swifte as thoughte, This queynte hous aboute wente, That never mo hyt stille stent.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;What does it mean to unlearn? Once we have learned something, is it ever possible to unlearn that something? If something is said to have been unlearned, does that mean that it is simply forgotten or does some residual force of learning, some perverse force, also resonate in ways that might help us to rethink traditional approaches to teaching and learning? Might we say that education today is haunted by the spectre of unlearning?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This book invites readers to reflect on the possibilities of knowing, reflecting, understanding, teaching and learning in ways that allow us to imagine the other side of education, the side which understands non-knowledge, ignorance, stupidity and wonder as potentially the most important learning experiences we can ever have. In a series of provocative essays by some of the world’s most renowned theorists in philosophy, psychoanalysis, cultural studies, politics and education, The Pedagogics of Unlearning challenges us to think again about what we mean when we talk about learning — about what it really means to learn — and whether the kinds of learning we imagine in our classrooms and daily lives are actually synonymous with the sort of learning we envision when we think and talk about the purpose and passage of education.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;If you think you know what education and learning are doing, what teaching strategies do, and what learning outcomes are, then this book asks you to think again, to unlearn what you have learned, to learn to unlearn&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;What does it mean to unlearn? Once we have learned something, is it ever possible to unlearn that something? If something is said to have been unlearned, does that mean that it is simply forgotten or does some residual force of learning, some perverse force, also resonate in ways that might help us to rethink traditional approaches to teaching and learning? Might we say that education today is haunted by the spectre of unlearning?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This book invites readers to reflect on the possibilities of knowing, reflecting, understanding, teaching and learning in ways that allow us to imagine the other side of education, the side which understands non-knowledge, ignorance, stupidity and wonder as potentially the most important learning experiences we can ever have. In a series of provocative essays by some of the world’s most renowned theorists in philosophy, psychoanalysis, cultural studies, politics and education, The Pedagogics of Unlearning challenges us to think again about what we mean when we talk about learning — about what it really means to learn — and whether the kinds of learning we imagine in our classrooms and daily lives are actually synonymous with the sort of learning we envision when we think and talk about the purpose and passage of education.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;If you think you know what education and learning are doing, what teaching strategies do, and what learning outcomes are, then this book asks you to think again, to unlearn what you have learned, to learn to unlearn&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Since  this  is  a  book  concerning  a  certain  “pedagogics  of  un-learning,” there is no real reason why I should approach my task of  introducing  a  collection  of  essays  on  that  topic  in  anything  like a conventional manner. If I was to be really responsible to the  call  of  this  question  —  the  question  of  what  unlearning  es-sentially means — I would also have to be (however impossibly) wholly  irresponsible.  I  would  have  to  invent  it  anew.  I  would  have to invent a concept of unlearning that holds true for each of the following essays. This is impossible, since each essay ap-proaches this question singularly, uniquely, and with its own eye towards the range and scope of education.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Since  this  is  a  book  concerning  a  certain  “pedagogics  of  un-learning,” there is no real reason why I should approach my task of  introducing  a  collection  of  essays  on  that  topic  in  anything  like a conventional manner. If I was to be really responsible to the  call  of  this  question  —  the  question  of  what  unlearning  es-sentially means — I would also have to be (however impossibly) wholly  irresponsible.  I  would  have  to  invent  it  anew.  I  would  have to invent a concept of unlearning that holds true for each of the following essays. This is impossible, since each essay ap-proaches this question singularly, uniquely, and with its own eye towards the range and scope of education.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Pedagogics  of  Unlearning:  the  title  of  this  conference  obviously  echoes  a  notion  and  a  figure  that  I  had  set  up  in  my  own  way  when  I  published  a  book  entitled  The  Ignorant  Schoolmaster  with the subtitle Five Lessons in Intellectual Emancipation (Ran-cière 1991). Both titles entail the idea of a specific form of learn-ing, which is a negative one: learning how to unlearn, teaching as  an  ignorant,  learning  the  emancipatory  virtue  of  ignorance.  This idea raises two interrelated problems: firstly, how are we to understand the type of negativity at work in this “unlearning” or this “ignorance”? Secondly, what is the exact target of this nega-tive action? What is the positivity that is under attack? In other terms, what is at stake in matters of learning?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Pedagogics  of  Unlearning:  the  title  of  this  conference  obviously  echoes  a  notion  and  a  figure  that  I  had  set  up  in  my  own  way  when  I  published  a  book  entitled  The  Ignorant  Schoolmaster  with the subtitle Five Lessons in Intellectual Emancipation (Ran-cière 1991). Both titles entail the idea of a specific form of learn-ing, which is a negative one: learning how to unlearn, teaching as  an  ignorant,  learning  the  emancipatory  virtue  of  ignorance.  This idea raises two interrelated problems: firstly, how are we to understand the type of negativity at work in this “unlearning” or this “ignorance”? Secondly, what is the exact target of this nega-tive action? What is the positivity that is under attack? In other terms, what is at stake in matters of learning?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;By way of background, the notion of “unlearning” has a strong history  of  critique  in  the  field  of  public  education,  first  tied  to  Kantian  Enlightenment  with  the  overturning  of  self-induced  forms  of  immaturity,  and  then  the  failure  of  Enlightenment.  The  movement  here  has  been  from  the  desire  for  knowledge  to not wanting knowledge at all. Contemporary discussions on the  complex  of  unlearning  emerge  from  post-war  thought:  for  example,  within  Adorno’s  essay  “Education  after  Auschwitz,”  and within the postcolonial theory of Fanon’s Black Skin, White Masks and  Freire’s  Pedagogy  of  the  Oppressed,  and  also  femi-nist  pedagogy’s  consciousness-raising  procedures  and  queer  pedagogy’s deconstruction of normalcy. By the early 1970s, “un-learning racism, sexism, and homophobia” became a structural feature  of  curriculum  in  university  classrooms.  With  critical  pedagogy,  the  turn  was  to  ideological  critique  and  knowledge  of  the  mechanisms  of  social  inequality,  thereby  inciting  a  pro-liferation  of  pedagogical  orientations  for  liberation.  Problems  ensued,  however,  with  the  question  of  pedagogy  and,  with  the  emphasis  on  reading  and  writing,  literary  theorists  such  as  Shoshanna  Felman,  Barbara  Johnson,  and  Eve  Kosofsky  Sedg-wick rewrote the question of learning with Lacanian, Kleinian, and Freudian theories that considered the status of the uncon-scious and symptoms of learning and not learning. It is here that knowledge and ignorance became a fraught couple. I considered many of these uneven developments — the foremost is with the mismatch between teaching and learning — in my earlier book, Novel  Education:  Psychoanalytic  Studies  of  Learning  and  not  Learning (New York: Peter Lang Press, 2006).&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;By way of background, the notion of “unlearning” has a strong history  of  critique  in  the  field  of  public  education,  first  tied  to  Kantian  Enlightenment  with  the  overturning  of  self-induced  forms  of  immaturity,  and  then  the  failure  of  Enlightenment.  The  movement  here  has  been  from  the  desire  for  knowledge  to not wanting knowledge at all. Contemporary discussions on the  complex  of  unlearning  emerge  from  post-war  thought:  for  example,  within  Adorno’s  essay  “Education  after  Auschwitz,”  and within the postcolonial theory of Fanon’s Black Skin, White Masks and  Freire’s  Pedagogy  of  the  Oppressed,  and  also  femi-nist  pedagogy’s  consciousness-raising  procedures  and  queer  pedagogy’s deconstruction of normalcy. By the early 1970s, “un-learning racism, sexism, and homophobia” became a structural feature  of  curriculum  in  university  classrooms.  With  critical  pedagogy,  the  turn  was  to  ideological  critique  and  knowledge  of  the  mechanisms  of  social  inequality,  thereby  inciting  a  pro-liferation  of  pedagogical  orientations  for  liberation.  Problems  ensued,  however,  with  the  question  of  pedagogy  and,  with  the  emphasis  on  reading  and  writing,  literary  theorists  such  as  Shoshanna  Felman,  Barbara  Johnson,  and  Eve  Kosofsky  Sedg-wick rewrote the question of learning with Lacanian, Kleinian, and Freudian theories that considered the status of the uncon-scious and symptoms of learning and not learning. It is here that knowledge and ignorance became a fraught couple. I considered many of these uneven developments — the foremost is with the mismatch between teaching and learning — in my earlier book, Novel  Education:  Psychoanalytic  Studies  of  Learning  and  not  Learning (New York: Peter Lang Press, 2006).&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Learning How to Be Capitalist</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">From Neoliberal Pedagogy to the Mystery of Learning</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Samuel A. Chambers</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Are we all capitalists? To claim that we are does not require any presumptions about personal belief systems or commitments to particular theories of political economy. We might say that we are all capitalists because we all live in social formations bound up with, connected to, and structured by the logic of capitalism (Chambers 2014). We have no choice, then, but to be capitalists; our choice is only to be bad capitalists or good capitalists. Marx suggested  this  idea  indirectly  and  (in)famously  when  he  de-scribed individuals within a capitalist social formation as play-ing  certain  roles,  as  bearers  or  supports  (Träger)  for  the  larger  structures that made the logic of capitalism possible (Marx 1977, 1628).1  The  fictional  character  of  Omar  Little  probably  made the point more persuasively with his frequent references to the game: “the game is out there, and it’s either play or get played” (The Wire 1.8; see Kamola 2015, 66). But if the game is the game, if we have no choice but to play it, then how do we learn to play? How do we learn to be capitalists?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Are we all capitalists? To claim that we are does not require any presumptions about personal belief systems or commitments to particular theories of political economy. We might say that we are all capitalists because we all live in social formations bound up with, connected to, and structured by the logic of capitalism (Chambers 2014). We have no choice, then, but to be capitalists; our choice is only to be bad capitalists or good capitalists. Marx suggested  this  idea  indirectly  and  (in)famously  when  he  de-scribed individuals within a capitalist social formation as play-ing  certain  roles,  as  bearers  or  supports  (Träger)  for  the  larger  structures that made the logic of capitalism possible (Marx 1977, 1628).1  The  fictional  character  of  Omar  Little  probably  made the point more persuasively with his frequent references to the game: “the game is out there, and it’s either play or get played” (The Wire 1.8; see Kamola 2015, 66). But if the game is the game, if we have no choice but to play it, then how do we learn to play? How do we learn to be capitalists?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <PersonName>Dunne, Éamonn</PersonName>
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            <PersonName>Seery, Aidan</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Teaching the Event</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Deconstruction, Hauntology, and the Scene of Pedagogy</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>John D. Caputo</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>Syracuse University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Education is an event. More precisely, it is haunted by the event. All the aporias of education, all its desires and frustrations, ev-erything  we  love  about  education  and  everything  that  drives  us  mad,  has  its  ground  without  ground  not  in  an  ontology  or  a methodology or a psychology of education but a hauntology. Only  as  a  hauntology  is  the  philosophy  of  education  possible.  That will be my hypothesis today.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Education is an event. More precisely, it is haunted by the event. All the aporias of education, all its desires and frustrations, ev-erything  we  love  about  education  and  everything  that  drives  us  mad,  has  its  ground  without  ground  not  in  an  ontology  or  a methodology or a psychology of education but a hauntology. Only  as  a  hauntology  is  the  philosophy  of  education  possible.  That will be my hypothesis today.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">The Intimate Schoolmaster and the Ignorant Sifu</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Poststructuralism, Bruce Lee, and the Ignorance of Everyday Radical Pedagogy</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Paul Bowman</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>Cardiff University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The Pedagogics of Unlearning is an unusual and awkward phrase, for an unusual or awkward formulation. To make my own sense of  it  I  have  had  to  translate  it,  expand  it,  and  unpack  it,  in  my  own  way.  Inevitably,  there  are  other  ways  and  other  transla-tions. But to me, the phrase or formulation “the pedagogics of unlearning” (as the title of this conference) seems to be asking to be translated as something like: “This conference seeks to be about  how  to  emancipate  ourselves  from  everything  we  ever  thought we knew about the logics of teaching and learning.” Or, to unpack this more fully: “This conference seeks to be about (a good thing called) how to emancipate ourselves from (a deluded condition vis-à-vis) everything we ever thought we knew about (an implicitly bad or at least suspect thing or group of things, at least to the extent that we need to unlearn it or them, called) the logics of teaching and learning.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The Pedagogics of Unlearning is an unusual and awkward phrase, for an unusual or awkward formulation. To make my own sense of  it  I  have  had  to  translate  it,  expand  it,  and  unpack  it,  in  my  own  way.  Inevitably,  there  are  other  ways  and  other  transla-tions. But to me, the phrase or formulation “the pedagogics of unlearning” (as the title of this conference) seems to be asking to be translated as something like: “This conference seeks to be about  how  to  emancipate  ourselves  from  everything  we  ever  thought we knew about the logics of teaching and learning.” Or, to unpack this more fully: “This conference seeks to be about (a good thing called) how to emancipate ourselves from (a deluded condition vis-à-vis) everything we ever thought we knew about (an implicitly bad or at least suspect thing or group of things, at least to the extent that we need to unlearn it or them, called) the logics of teaching and learning.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Unlearning</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">A Duologue</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>L.O. Aranye Fradenburg</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>University of California, Santa Barbara</Affiliation>
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          <PersonName>Eileen A. Joy</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>Southern Illinois University Edwardsville</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Probably most of us would agree that, however expert we might become in this or that specialty, we are not richly educated until we have experience of a wide range of disciplines and method-ologies  —  a  range  that  includes  critique  and  creativity,  analysis  and  immersion,  learning  and  unlearning.  To  our  sorrow,  this  conception of education is rapidly losing favor with the citizen-ry.  There  are,  of  course,  pushbacks.  San  Francisco  took  to  the  courts  to  defend  the  nature  of  its  City  College’s  (CCSF)  course  offerings from the so-called “student success” movement, which preaches efficiency and “progress to the degree.” The Accredit-ing Commission for Community and Junior Colleges (a private concern)  has  tried  to  shut  City  College  down,  and  the  SF  Dis-trict Attorney has successfully sued to protect it (City Attorney of San Francisco, 2016). Prior to the attack by the ACCJC, CCSF actually maintained graduation rates better than those of most community  colleges  in  the  country;  the  real  target  of  the  Ac-creditation  Commission  appears  to  have  been  the  wide  range  of services CCSF provides for San Franciscans that do not target progress-to-the-degree as such, like the Queer Resource Center, the  Women’s  Resource  Center  and  Library,  English  classes  for  recent immigrants, parenting classes for new parents, technical and  clerical  training,  music,  painting,  and  sound  engineering.  Colleges like CCSF are points of crossover between the academy and the rest of the world. They treat culture shock, give the el-derly  new  leases  on  life,  and  resist  the  ongoing  enserfment  of  the  citizenry  and  those  who  aspire  to  it.  The  “student  success”  movement means to impoverish sentience, not to enrich it; it’s a Thatcherite attempt to discipline and punish, and capitalists love it. But why do so many other people fall for it?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Probably most of us would agree that, however expert we might become in this or that specialty, we are not richly educated until we have experience of a wide range of disciplines and method-ologies  —  a  range  that  includes  critique  and  creativity,  analysis  and  immersion,  learning  and  unlearning.  To  our  sorrow,  this  conception of education is rapidly losing favor with the citizen-ry.  There  are,  of  course,  pushbacks.  San  Francisco  took  to  the  courts  to  defend  the  nature  of  its  City  College’s  (CCSF)  course  offerings from the so-called “student success” movement, which preaches efficiency and “progress to the degree.” The Accredit-ing Commission for Community and Junior Colleges (a private concern)  has  tried  to  shut  City  College  down,  and  the  SF  Dis-trict Attorney has successfully sued to protect it (City Attorney of San Francisco, 2016). Prior to the attack by the ACCJC, CCSF actually maintained graduation rates better than those of most community  colleges  in  the  country;  the  real  target  of  the  Ac-creditation  Commission  appears  to  have  been  the  wide  range  of services CCSF provides for San Franciscans that do not target progress-to-the-degree as such, like the Queer Resource Center, the  Women’s  Resource  Center  and  Library,  English  classes  for  recent immigrants, parenting classes for new parents, technical and  clerical  training,  music,  painting,  and  sound  engineering.  Colleges like CCSF are points of crossover between the academy and the rest of the world. They treat culture shock, give the el-derly  new  leases  on  life,  and  resist  the  ongoing  enserfment  of  the  citizenry  and  those  who  aspire  to  it.  The  “student  success”  movement means to impoverish sentience, not to enrich it; it’s a Thatcherite attempt to discipline and punish, and capitalists love it. But why do so many other people fall for it?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">After-word(s)</TitleText>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;What does it mean to unlearn? Once we have learned something, is it ever possible to unlearn that something? If something is said to have been unlearned, does that mean that it is simply forgotten or does some residual force of learning, some perverse force, also resonate in ways that might help us to rethink traditional approaches to teaching and learning? Might we say that education today is haunted by the spectre of unlearning?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This book invites readers to reflect on the possibilities of knowing, reflecting, understanding, teaching and learning in ways that allow us to imagine the other side of education, the side which understands non-knowledge, ignorance, stupidity and wonder as potentially the most important learning experiences we can ever have. In a series of provocative essays by some of the world’s most renowned theorists in philosophy, psychoanalysis, cultural studies, politics and education, The Pedagogics of Unlearning challenges us to think again about what we mean when we talk about learning — about what it really means to learn — and whether the kinds of learning we imagine in our classrooms and daily lives are actually synonymous with the sort of learning we envision when we think and talk about the purpose and passage of education.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;If you think you know what education and learning are doing, what teaching strategies do, and what learning outcomes are, then this book asks you to think again, to unlearn what you have learned, to learn to unlearn&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;What does it mean to unlearn? Once we have learned something, is it ever possible to unlearn that something? If something is said to have been unlearned, does that mean that it is simply forgotten or does some residual force of learning, some perverse force, also resonate in ways that might help us to rethink traditional approaches to teaching and learning? Might we say that education today is haunted by the spectre of unlearning?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This book invites readers to reflect on the possibilities of knowing, reflecting, understanding, teaching and learning in ways that allow us to imagine the other side of education, the side which understands non-knowledge, ignorance, stupidity and wonder as potentially the most important learning experiences we can ever have. In a series of provocative essays by some of the world’s most renowned theorists in philosophy, psychoanalysis, cultural studies, politics and education, The Pedagogics of Unlearning challenges us to think again about what we mean when we talk about learning — about what it really means to learn — and whether the kinds of learning we imagine in our classrooms and daily lives are actually synonymous with the sort of learning we envision when we think and talk about the purpose and passage of education.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;If you think you know what education and learning are doing, what teaching strategies do, and what learning outcomes are, then this book asks you to think again, to unlearn what you have learned, to learn to unlearn&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Since  this  is  a  book  concerning  a  certain  “pedagogics  of  un-learning,” there is no real reason why I should approach my task of  introducing  a  collection  of  essays  on  that  topic  in  anything  like a conventional manner. If I was to be really responsible to the  call  of  this  question  —  the  question  of  what  unlearning  es-sentially means — I would also have to be (however impossibly) wholly  irresponsible.  I  would  have  to  invent  it  anew.  I  would  have to invent a concept of unlearning that holds true for each of the following essays. This is impossible, since each essay ap-proaches this question singularly, uniquely, and with its own eye towards the range and scope of education.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Since  this  is  a  book  concerning  a  certain  “pedagogics  of  un-learning,” there is no real reason why I should approach my task of  introducing  a  collection  of  essays  on  that  topic  in  anything  like a conventional manner. If I was to be really responsible to the  call  of  this  question  —  the  question  of  what  unlearning  es-sentially means — I would also have to be (however impossibly) wholly  irresponsible.  I  would  have  to  invent  it  anew.  I  would  have to invent a concept of unlearning that holds true for each of the following essays. This is impossible, since each essay ap-proaches this question singularly, uniquely, and with its own eye towards the range and scope of education.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Pedagogics  of  Unlearning:  the  title  of  this  conference  obviously  echoes  a  notion  and  a  figure  that  I  had  set  up  in  my  own  way  when  I  published  a  book  entitled  The  Ignorant  Schoolmaster  with the subtitle Five Lessons in Intellectual Emancipation (Ran-cière 1991). Both titles entail the idea of a specific form of learn-ing, which is a negative one: learning how to unlearn, teaching as  an  ignorant,  learning  the  emancipatory  virtue  of  ignorance.  This idea raises two interrelated problems: firstly, how are we to understand the type of negativity at work in this “unlearning” or this “ignorance”? Secondly, what is the exact target of this nega-tive action? What is the positivity that is under attack? In other terms, what is at stake in matters of learning?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Pedagogics  of  Unlearning:  the  title  of  this  conference  obviously  echoes  a  notion  and  a  figure  that  I  had  set  up  in  my  own  way  when  I  published  a  book  entitled  The  Ignorant  Schoolmaster  with the subtitle Five Lessons in Intellectual Emancipation (Ran-cière 1991). Both titles entail the idea of a specific form of learn-ing, which is a negative one: learning how to unlearn, teaching as  an  ignorant,  learning  the  emancipatory  virtue  of  ignorance.  This idea raises two interrelated problems: firstly, how are we to understand the type of negativity at work in this “unlearning” or this “ignorance”? Secondly, what is the exact target of this nega-tive action? What is the positivity that is under attack? In other terms, what is at stake in matters of learning?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;By way of background, the notion of “unlearning” has a strong history  of  critique  in  the  field  of  public  education,  first  tied  to  Kantian  Enlightenment  with  the  overturning  of  self-induced  forms  of  immaturity,  and  then  the  failure  of  Enlightenment.  The  movement  here  has  been  from  the  desire  for  knowledge  to not wanting knowledge at all. Contemporary discussions on the  complex  of  unlearning  emerge  from  post-war  thought:  for  example,  within  Adorno’s  essay  “Education  after  Auschwitz,”  and within the postcolonial theory of Fanon’s Black Skin, White Masks and  Freire’s  Pedagogy  of  the  Oppressed,  and  also  femi-nist  pedagogy’s  consciousness-raising  procedures  and  queer  pedagogy’s deconstruction of normalcy. By the early 1970s, “un-learning racism, sexism, and homophobia” became a structural feature  of  curriculum  in  university  classrooms.  With  critical  pedagogy,  the  turn  was  to  ideological  critique  and  knowledge  of  the  mechanisms  of  social  inequality,  thereby  inciting  a  pro-liferation  of  pedagogical  orientations  for  liberation.  Problems  ensued,  however,  with  the  question  of  pedagogy  and,  with  the  emphasis  on  reading  and  writing,  literary  theorists  such  as  Shoshanna  Felman,  Barbara  Johnson,  and  Eve  Kosofsky  Sedg-wick rewrote the question of learning with Lacanian, Kleinian, and Freudian theories that considered the status of the uncon-scious and symptoms of learning and not learning. It is here that knowledge and ignorance became a fraught couple. I considered many of these uneven developments — the foremost is with the mismatch between teaching and learning — in my earlier book, Novel  Education:  Psychoanalytic  Studies  of  Learning  and  not  Learning (New York: Peter Lang Press, 2006).&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;By way of background, the notion of “unlearning” has a strong history  of  critique  in  the  field  of  public  education,  first  tied  to  Kantian  Enlightenment  with  the  overturning  of  self-induced  forms  of  immaturity,  and  then  the  failure  of  Enlightenment.  The  movement  here  has  been  from  the  desire  for  knowledge  to not wanting knowledge at all. Contemporary discussions on the  complex  of  unlearning  emerge  from  post-war  thought:  for  example,  within  Adorno’s  essay  “Education  after  Auschwitz,”  and within the postcolonial theory of Fanon’s Black Skin, White Masks and  Freire’s  Pedagogy  of  the  Oppressed,  and  also  femi-nist  pedagogy’s  consciousness-raising  procedures  and  queer  pedagogy’s deconstruction of normalcy. By the early 1970s, “un-learning racism, sexism, and homophobia” became a structural feature  of  curriculum  in  university  classrooms.  With  critical  pedagogy,  the  turn  was  to  ideological  critique  and  knowledge  of  the  mechanisms  of  social  inequality,  thereby  inciting  a  pro-liferation  of  pedagogical  orientations  for  liberation.  Problems  ensued,  however,  with  the  question  of  pedagogy  and,  with  the  emphasis  on  reading  and  writing,  literary  theorists  such  as  Shoshanna  Felman,  Barbara  Johnson,  and  Eve  Kosofsky  Sedg-wick rewrote the question of learning with Lacanian, Kleinian, and Freudian theories that considered the status of the uncon-scious and symptoms of learning and not learning. It is here that knowledge and ignorance became a fraught couple. I considered many of these uneven developments — the foremost is with the mismatch between teaching and learning — in my earlier book, Novel  Education:  Psychoanalytic  Studies  of  Learning  and  not  Learning (New York: Peter Lang Press, 2006).&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Learning How to Be Capitalist</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">From Neoliberal Pedagogy to the Mystery of Learning</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Samuel A. Chambers</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>Johns Hopkins University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Are we all capitalists? To claim that we are does not require any presumptions about personal belief systems or commitments to particular theories of political economy. We might say that we are all capitalists because we all live in social formations bound up with, connected to, and structured by the logic of capitalism (Chambers 2014). We have no choice, then, but to be capitalists; our choice is only to be bad capitalists or good capitalists. Marx suggested  this  idea  indirectly  and  (in)famously  when  he  de-scribed individuals within a capitalist social formation as play-ing  certain  roles,  as  bearers  or  supports  (Träger)  for  the  larger  structures that made the logic of capitalism possible (Marx 1977, 1628).1  The  fictional  character  of  Omar  Little  probably  made the point more persuasively with his frequent references to the game: “the game is out there, and it’s either play or get played” (The Wire 1.8; see Kamola 2015, 66). But if the game is the game, if we have no choice but to play it, then how do we learn to play? How do we learn to be capitalists?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Are we all capitalists? To claim that we are does not require any presumptions about personal belief systems or commitments to particular theories of political economy. We might say that we are all capitalists because we all live in social formations bound up with, connected to, and structured by the logic of capitalism (Chambers 2014). We have no choice, then, but to be capitalists; our choice is only to be bad capitalists or good capitalists. Marx suggested  this  idea  indirectly  and  (in)famously  when  he  de-scribed individuals within a capitalist social formation as play-ing  certain  roles,  as  bearers  or  supports  (Träger)  for  the  larger  structures that made the logic of capitalism possible (Marx 1977, 1628).1  The  fictional  character  of  Omar  Little  probably  made the point more persuasively with his frequent references to the game: “the game is out there, and it’s either play or get played” (The Wire 1.8; see Kamola 2015, 66). But if the game is the game, if we have no choice but to play it, then how do we learn to play? How do we learn to be capitalists?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Dunne, Éamonn</PersonName>
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            <PersonName>Seery, Aidan</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Teaching the Event</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Deconstruction, Hauntology, and the Scene of Pedagogy</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>John D. Caputo</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>Syracuse University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Education is an event. More precisely, it is haunted by the event. All the aporias of education, all its desires and frustrations, ev-erything  we  love  about  education  and  everything  that  drives  us  mad,  has  its  ground  without  ground  not  in  an  ontology  or  a methodology or a psychology of education but a hauntology. Only  as  a  hauntology  is  the  philosophy  of  education  possible.  That will be my hypothesis today.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Education is an event. More precisely, it is haunted by the event. All the aporias of education, all its desires and frustrations, ev-erything  we  love  about  education  and  everything  that  drives  us  mad,  has  its  ground  without  ground  not  in  an  ontology  or  a methodology or a psychology of education but a hauntology. Only  as  a  hauntology  is  the  philosophy  of  education  possible.  That will be my hypothesis today.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">The Intimate Schoolmaster and the Ignorant Sifu</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Poststructuralism, Bruce Lee, and the Ignorance of Everyday Radical Pedagogy</Subtitle>
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            <Affiliation>Cardiff University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The Pedagogics of Unlearning is an unusual and awkward phrase, for an unusual or awkward formulation. To make my own sense of  it  I  have  had  to  translate  it,  expand  it,  and  unpack  it,  in  my  own  way.  Inevitably,  there  are  other  ways  and  other  transla-tions. But to me, the phrase or formulation “the pedagogics of unlearning” (as the title of this conference) seems to be asking to be translated as something like: “This conference seeks to be about  how  to  emancipate  ourselves  from  everything  we  ever  thought we knew about the logics of teaching and learning.” Or, to unpack this more fully: “This conference seeks to be about (a good thing called) how to emancipate ourselves from (a deluded condition vis-à-vis) everything we ever thought we knew about (an implicitly bad or at least suspect thing or group of things, at least to the extent that we need to unlearn it or them, called) the logics of teaching and learning.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The Pedagogics of Unlearning is an unusual and awkward phrase, for an unusual or awkward formulation. To make my own sense of  it  I  have  had  to  translate  it,  expand  it,  and  unpack  it,  in  my  own  way.  Inevitably,  there  are  other  ways  and  other  transla-tions. But to me, the phrase or formulation “the pedagogics of unlearning” (as the title of this conference) seems to be asking to be translated as something like: “This conference seeks to be about  how  to  emancipate  ourselves  from  everything  we  ever  thought we knew about the logics of teaching and learning.” Or, to unpack this more fully: “This conference seeks to be about (a good thing called) how to emancipate ourselves from (a deluded condition vis-à-vis) everything we ever thought we knew about (an implicitly bad or at least suspect thing or group of things, at least to the extent that we need to unlearn it or them, called) the logics of teaching and learning.”&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Unlearning</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">A Duologue</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>L.O. Aranye Fradenburg</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>University of California, Santa Barbara</Affiliation>
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          <PersonName>Eileen A. Joy</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>Southern Illinois University Edwardsville</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Probably most of us would agree that, however expert we might become in this or that specialty, we are not richly educated until we have experience of a wide range of disciplines and method-ologies  —  a  range  that  includes  critique  and  creativity,  analysis  and  immersion,  learning  and  unlearning.  To  our  sorrow,  this  conception of education is rapidly losing favor with the citizen-ry.  There  are,  of  course,  pushbacks.  San  Francisco  took  to  the  courts  to  defend  the  nature  of  its  City  College’s  (CCSF)  course  offerings from the so-called “student success” movement, which preaches efficiency and “progress to the degree.” The Accredit-ing Commission for Community and Junior Colleges (a private concern)  has  tried  to  shut  City  College  down,  and  the  SF  Dis-trict Attorney has successfully sued to protect it (City Attorney of San Francisco, 2016). Prior to the attack by the ACCJC, CCSF actually maintained graduation rates better than those of most community  colleges  in  the  country;  the  real  target  of  the  Ac-creditation  Commission  appears  to  have  been  the  wide  range  of services CCSF provides for San Franciscans that do not target progress-to-the-degree as such, like the Queer Resource Center, the  Women’s  Resource  Center  and  Library,  English  classes  for  recent immigrants, parenting classes for new parents, technical and  clerical  training,  music,  painting,  and  sound  engineering.  Colleges like CCSF are points of crossover between the academy and the rest of the world. They treat culture shock, give the el-derly  new  leases  on  life,  and  resist  the  ongoing  enserfment  of  the  citizenry  and  those  who  aspire  to  it.  The  “student  success”  movement means to impoverish sentience, not to enrich it; it’s a Thatcherite attempt to discipline and punish, and capitalists love it. But why do so many other people fall for it?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Probably most of us would agree that, however expert we might become in this or that specialty, we are not richly educated until we have experience of a wide range of disciplines and method-ologies  —  a  range  that  includes  critique  and  creativity,  analysis  and  immersion,  learning  and  unlearning.  To  our  sorrow,  this  conception of education is rapidly losing favor with the citizen-ry.  There  are,  of  course,  pushbacks.  San  Francisco  took  to  the  courts  to  defend  the  nature  of  its  City  College’s  (CCSF)  course  offerings from the so-called “student success” movement, which preaches efficiency and “progress to the degree.” The Accredit-ing Commission for Community and Junior Colleges (a private concern)  has  tried  to  shut  City  College  down,  and  the  SF  Dis-trict Attorney has successfully sued to protect it (City Attorney of San Francisco, 2016). Prior to the attack by the ACCJC, CCSF actually maintained graduation rates better than those of most community  colleges  in  the  country;  the  real  target  of  the  Ac-creditation  Commission  appears  to  have  been  the  wide  range  of services CCSF provides for San Franciscans that do not target progress-to-the-degree as such, like the Queer Resource Center, the  Women’s  Resource  Center  and  Library,  English  classes  for  recent immigrants, parenting classes for new parents, technical and  clerical  training,  music,  painting,  and  sound  engineering.  Colleges like CCSF are points of crossover between the academy and the rest of the world. They treat culture shock, give the el-derly  new  leases  on  life,  and  resist  the  ongoing  enserfment  of  the  citizenry  and  those  who  aspire  to  it.  The  “student  success”  movement means to impoverish sentience, not to enrich it; it’s a Thatcherite attempt to discipline and punish, and capitalists love it. But why do so many other people fall for it?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">After-word(s)</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Aidan Seery</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The gentle but firm respect due to words eloquently spoken re-quires,  I  think,  that  we  consider  other  forms  of  human  activ-ity  in  response  to  the  essays  in  this  book,  rather  than  adding  too  many  more  words.  Afterwords  can  often  take  the  form  of  weighing-up, critiquing, evaluating, comparing and contrasting what has gone before, but here this is left to others to do so, as they hopefully will, in reviews, in further citing analyses, and in conversation.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The Presence of Absence: Meditations on the Unsayable in Writing is about writers navigating the unspeakable through image, sound, and structure. Each chapter focuses on a specific text, exploring the ways that four writers look to visual and auditory materials and metaphors as passageways to understanding and expressing the ineffable qualities of relationships, identity, and grief. Through gorgeously slow and close readings, Rogers explores absence and excess, fragmentation and translation, and — above all — the push and pull between presence and absence, with absence carrying as much significance as presence (and sometimes more).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The Presence of Absence crosses languages and disciplines, working in French and English across poetry, photography, history, and literary theory. Through investigations of Nox by Anne Carson, Quelque chose noir by Jacques Roubaud, Wayward Lives, Beautiful Experiments by Saidiya Hartman, and Le livre des questions by Edmond Jabès, Rogers explores various truths — about loss but also about knowledge, beauty, even higher education — that are difficult to articulate and yet resonate deeply with lived experience.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The Presence of Absence: Meditations on the Unsayable in Writing is about writers navigating the unspeakable through image, sound, and structure. Each chapter focuses on a specific text, exploring the ways that four writers look to visual and auditory materials and metaphors as passageways to understanding and expressing the ineffable qualities of relationships, identity, and grief. Through gorgeously slow and close readings, Rogers explores absence and excess, fragmentation and translation, and — above all — the push and pull between presence and absence, with absence carrying as much significance as presence (and sometimes more).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The Presence of Absence crosses languages and disciplines, working in French and English across poetry, photography, history, and literary theory. Through investigations of Nox by Anne Carson, Quelque chose noir by Jacques Roubaud, Wayward Lives, Beautiful Experiments by Saidiya Hartman, and Le livre des questions by Edmond Jabès, Rogers explores various truths — about loss but also about knowledge, beauty, even higher education — that are difficult to articulate and yet resonate deeply with lived experience.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Trouble Songs is a hybrid serial work that tracks the appearance of the word “trouble” in 20th- and 21st-century American music. It reads (and sings) songs and poems, with reference to cultural events ranging from the death of a pop singer to the growth of popular resistance movements. The trouble singer invokes the word “trouble” in place of actual trouble—the song is a spell that conjures trouble (from bad luck and disaffection to infidelity, impotence, destitution, and the specter of death) in a temporary form that can be dis-spelled, if only for the length of the song. Singer and song also open a critical space for making trouble, for stirring the heart and mind. This space is a disjunction in time (and a superimposition of events) where singer and listener collaborate on meaning (un/)making as they temporarily transform trouble.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Trouble Songs is a hybrid serial work that tracks the appearance of the word “trouble” in 20th- and 21st-century American music. It reads (and sings) songs and poems, with reference to cultural events ranging from the death of a pop singer to the growth of popular resistance movements. The trouble singer invokes the word “trouble” in place of actual trouble—the song is a spell that conjures trouble (from bad luck and disaffection to infidelity, impotence, destitution, and the specter of death) in a temporary form that can be dis-spelled, if only for the length of the song. Singer and song also open a critical space for making trouble, for stirring the heart and mind. This space is a disjunction in time (and a superimposition of events) where singer and listener collaborate on meaning (un/)making as they temporarily transform trouble.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This volume is dedicated to eliciting the interactions between localities across late antique and early medieval Europe and the wider Mediterranean. Significant research has been done in recent years to explore how late “Roman” and post-“Roman” cities, towns and other localities communicated vis-à-vis larger structural phenomena, such as provinces, empires, kingdoms, institutions and so on. This research has contributed considerably to our understanding of the place of the city in its context, but tends to portray the city as a necessarily subordinate conduit within larger structures, rather than an entity in itself, or as a hermeneutical object of enquiry. Consequently, not enough research has been committed to examining how local people and communities thought about, engaged with, and struggled against nearby or distant urban neighbors.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Urban Interactions addresses this lacuna in urban history by presenting articles that apply a diverse spectrum of approaches, from archaeological investigation to critical analyses of historiographical and historical biases and developmental consideration of antagonisms between ecclesiastical centers. Through these avenues of investigation, this volume elucidates the relationship between the urban centers and their immediate hinterlands and neighboring cities with which they might vie or collaborate. This entanglement and competition, whether subterraneous or explicit across overarching political, religious or other macro categories, is evaluated through a broad geographical range of late “Roman” provinces and post-“Roman” states to maintain an expansive perspective of developmental trends within and about the city.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This volume is dedicated to eliciting the interactions between localities across late antique and early medieval Europe and the wider Mediterranean. Significant research has been done in recent years to explore how late “Roman” and post-“Roman” cities, towns and other localities communicated vis-à-vis larger structural phenomena, such as provinces, empires, kingdoms, institutions and so on. This research has contributed considerably to our understanding of the place of the city in its context, but tends to portray the city as a necessarily subordinate conduit within larger structures, rather than an entity in itself, or as a hermeneutical object of enquiry. Consequently, not enough research has been committed to examining how local people and communities thought about, engaged with, and struggled against nearby or distant urban neighbors.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Urban Interactions addresses this lacuna in urban history by presenting articles that apply a diverse spectrum of approaches, from archaeological investigation to critical analyses of historiographical and historical biases and developmental consideration of antagonisms between ecclesiastical centers. Through these avenues of investigation, this volume elucidates the relationship between the urban centers and their immediate hinterlands and neighboring cities with which they might vie or collaborate. This entanglement and competition, whether subterraneous or explicit across overarching political, religious or other macro categories, is evaluated through a broad geographical range of late “Roman” provinces and post-“Roman” states to maintain an expansive perspective of developmental trends within and about the city.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Michael J. Kelly is Visiting Assistant Professor in Comparative Literature and Judaic Studies at Binghamton University (SUNY) and Director of the international, open-access project Networks and Neighbours (https://networksandneighbours.org/). His teaching and research focus on the relationship between literature and history, critical theory, and the philosophy of history. His recent publications include the volumes Theories of History: History Read Across the Humanities (London: Bloomsbury, 2018), edited with Arthur Rose, and, with Dominique Bauer, The Imagery of Interior Spaces (Earth: punctum books, 2019). He is currently adapting two novels for the stage, with their author, Ariana Harwicz.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This volume is dedicated to eliciting the interactions between localities across late antique and early medieval Europe and the wider Mediterranean. Significant research has been done in recent years to explore how late “Roman” and post-“Roman” cities, towns and other localities communicated vis-à-vis larger structural phenomena, such as provinces, empires, kingdoms, institutions and so on. This research has contributed considerably to our understanding of the place of the city in its context, but tends to portray the city as a necessarily subordinate conduit within larger structures, rather than an entity in itself, or as a hermeneutical object of enquiry. Consequently, not enough research has been committed to examining how local people and communities thought about, engaged with, and struggled against nearby or distant urban neighbors.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Urban Interactions addresses this lacuna in urban history by presenting articles that apply a diverse spectrum of approaches, from archaeological investigation to critical analyses of historiographical and historical biases and developmental consideration of antagonisms between ecclesiastical centers. Through these avenues of investigation, this volume elucidates the relationship between the urban centers and their immediate hinterlands and neighboring cities with which they might vie or collaborate. This entanglement and competition, whether subterraneous or explicit across overarching political, religious or other macro categories, is evaluated through a broad geographical range of late “Roman” provinces and post-“Roman” states to maintain an expansive perspective of developmental trends within and about the city.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This volume is dedicated to eliciting the interactions between localities across late antique and early medieval Europe and the wider Mediterranean. Significant research has been done in recent years to explore how late “Roman” and post-“Roman” cities, towns and other localities communicated vis-à-vis larger structural phenomena, such as provinces, empires, kingdoms, institutions and so on. This research has contributed considerably to our understanding of the place of the city in its context, but tends to portray the city as a necessarily subordinate conduit within larger structures, rather than an entity in itself, or as a hermeneutical object of enquiry. Consequently, not enough research has been committed to examining how local people and communities thought about, engaged with, and struggled against nearby or distant urban neighbors.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Urban Interactions addresses this lacuna in urban history by presenting articles that apply a diverse spectrum of approaches, from archaeological investigation to critical analyses of historiographical and historical biases and developmental consideration of antagonisms between ecclesiastical centers. Through these avenues of investigation, this volume elucidates the relationship between the urban centers and their immediate hinterlands and neighboring cities with which they might vie or collaborate. This entanglement and competition, whether subterraneous or explicit across overarching political, religious or other macro categories, is evaluated through a broad geographical range of late “Roman” provinces and post-“Roman” states to maintain an expansive perspective of developmental trends within and about the city.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Michael Burrows completed his Ph.D. in Medieval History at the University of Leeds. His doctoral thesis is an investigation of violence in the western provinces of the Roman Empire and the successor states in late antiquity. The particular focus of the thesis is on violence as an expression of power in social relationships, and what episodes of violence can reveal about life and agency among the lower classes in late antiquity/the Early Middle Ages. He has worked closely with his peers at the University of Leeds on the Networks and Neighbours project (https://networksandneighbours.org/) and with the Texts and Identities series. He has taught undergraduate modules on late ancient and medieval Europe and the Mediterranean at the University of Leeds, and has delivered papers on a range of topics, from the Roman Principate to Merovingian Gaul.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Lisa Kaaren Bailey is a Associate Professor in History, and in Classics and Ancient History at the University of Auckland in New Zealand. She is the author of Christianity’s Quiet Success: The Eusebius Gallicanus Sermon Collection and the Power of the Church in Late Antique Gaul (Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press, 2010) and The Religious Worlds of the Laity in Late Antique Gaul (New York &amp;amp; London: Bloomsbury, 2016).&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Michael J. Kelly is Visiting Assistant Professor in Comparative Literature and Judaic Studies at Binghamton University (SUNY) and Director of the international, open-access project Networks and Neighbours (https://networksandneighbours.org/). His teaching and research focus on the relationship between literature and history, critical theory, and the philosophy of history. His recent publications include the volumes Theories of History: History Read Across the Humanities (London: Bloomsbury, 2018), edited with Arthur Rose, and, with Dominique Bauer, The Imagery of Interior Spaces (Earth: punctum books, 2019). He is currently adapting two novels for the stage, with their author, Ariana Harwicz.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Michael Burrows completed his Ph.D. in Medieval History at the University of Leeds. His doctoral thesis is an investigation of violence in the western provinces of the Roman Empire and the successor states in late antiquity. The particular focus of the thesis is on violence as an expression of power in social relationships, and what episodes of violence can reveal about life and agency among the lower classes in late antiquity/the Early Middle Ages. He has worked closely with his peers at the University of Leeds on the Networks and Neighbours project (https://networksandneighbours.org/) and with the Texts and Identities series. He has taught undergraduate modules on late ancient and medieval Europe and the Mediterranean at the University of Leeds, and has delivered papers on a range of topics, from the Roman Principate to Merovingian Gaul.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Michael J. Kelly is Visiting Assistant Professor in Comparative Literature and Judaic Studies at Binghamton University (SUNY) and Director of the international, open-access project Networks and Neighbours (https://networksandneighbours.org/). His teaching and research focus on the relationship between literature and history, critical theory, and the philosophy of history. His recent publications include the volumes Theories of History: History Read Across the Humanities (London: Bloomsbury, 2018), edited with Arthur Rose, and, with Dominique Bauer, The Imagery of Interior Spaces (Earth: punctum books, 2019). He is currently adapting two novels for the stage, with their author, Ariana Harwicz.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Michael Burrows completed his Ph.D. in Medieval History at the University of Leeds. His doctoral thesis is an investigation of violence in the western provinces of the Roman Empire and the successor states in late antiquity. The particular focus of the thesis is on violence as an expression of power in social relationships, and what episodes of violence can reveal about life and agency among the lower classes in late antiquity/the Early Middle Ages. He has worked closely with his peers at the University of Leeds on the Networks and Neighbours project (https://networksandneighbours.org/) and with the Texts and Identities series. He has taught undergraduate modules on late ancient and medieval Europe and the Mediterranean at the University of Leeds, and has delivered papers on a range of topics, from the Roman Principate to Merovingian Gaul.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Luciana Lang is an anthropologist working in the broad area of socioecological anthropology in urban contexts. Her research interests include age-friendly cities, natural and cultural heritage, and community use of green and public spaces. As a research associate at the University of Manchester with MUARG (Manchester Urban Ageing Research Group), she investigated the role of religious spaces in the age-friendly agenda in Greater Manchester. Lang’s doctoral research explored the relationship between an urban fishing community and its surrounding mangroves in Rio de Janeiro, focusing on subsequent transformations as other actors and substances entered that environment, such as plastic, raw sewage, bacteria, oil, new legislations, and institutions. This dialogue between urban communities, the environment, and policymakers informs her research today. In addition to ethnographic methods, she employs map-making techniques, oral histories, and photo-elicitation to tap into people’s perceptions of changing landscapes.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Lindsay Bremner is a research architect whose current work focuses on human–nonhuman–monsoonal entanglements in oceanic worlds. Between 2016 and 2021 she led the research project Monsoon Assemblages, funded by the European Research Council (ERC). From 2022 to 2024 she led the project Reimagining the Good City from Ennore Creek, funded by British Academy, and held an ERC/UKRI Proof of Concept grant Climate Cartographics. Bremner began her academic and professional life in Johannesburg, South Africa, where she published, lectured, and exhibited widely on the transformation of Johannesburg after apartheid. She taught architecture at the University of the Witwatersrand in Johannesburg, at Temple University in Philadelphia, and at MIT as a visiting professor, before taking up her current post as professor of architecture at the University of Westminster in London, where she is director of Research and Knowledge Exchange in the School of Architecture + Cities. Bremner holds a bachelor’s in architecture from the University of Cape Town, and both a master’s and a doctorate in architecture from the University of the Witwatersrand.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Riccardo Ciavolella (CNRS, France) is the director of the Laboratoire d’Anthropologie Politique at the School for Advanced Studies in the Social Sciences (EHESS), Paris, where he teaches political anthropology. His ethnographic work mainly focuses on the forms and meanings of politics among marginalized communities in West Africa and the relationship between their being-in-the-world and global crises and ecological, economic, and political transformations. He also writes about the place of anthropology between politics, imagination, and knowledge. He is the author of ethnographic monographs, theoretical essays, handbooks of political anthropology, exhibit catalogs, novels, and children’s books.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Armelle Choplin is professor of geography and urban planning at the University of Geneva. Grounded in long fieldwork in Africa, her research explores how cities are produced and experienced in the Global South, especially in Africa. She currently carries out research on the construction boom, the cement industry, and the political economy of concrete in Africa. She has recently published Matière Grise de l’urbain, la vie du ciment en Afrique (MétisPresses, 2020) and Concrete City, Material Flows and Urbanization in West Africa (Wiley, 2023).&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Liquefying Concrete</TitleText>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Cristián Simonetti is associate professor in the Department of Anthropology and researcher at the Centre for Concrete Innovation of the Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. His work has concentrated on how bodily gestures and environmental forces relate to notions of time in science. More recently he has engaged in collaborations across the sciences, arts, and humanities to explore the environmental properties of materials relevant to the Anthropocene. He is the author of Sentient Conceptualizations: Feeling for Time in the Sciences of the Past (2018), coeditor of Surfaces: Transformations of Body, Materials and Earth (2020), and coeditor of a special issue of the journal Theory, Culture &amp;amp; Society titled “Solid Fluids: New Approaches to Materials and Meaning” (2022).&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;From classical times until today, cities have been conceived in the western imagination as ideally confined to the fixities of the land, a space defined in opposition to the fluxes of the sea. Whereas solid land afforded a durable platform for the establishment of property and citizenship, the fluid sea allowed markets---isolated within the secure boundaries of cities---to be connected across the globe though navigation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Urban Liquefaction: Rethinking the Relationship between Land and Sea attends to the concurrent tensions between solidity and fluidity, permanence and impermanence, and substance and change that remain at the core of the western intellectual tradition, often dividing what is perceived as social from what is perceived as natural in life. Sea level rise poses unprecedented threats to this oppositional relationship, forcing us to reconsider the tension between solidity and fluidity in the design of the built environment. Nearly ten percent of all major cities are likely to be impacted by sea level rise in the coming decades, compromising the necessary infrastructure on which urban life depends. In reality, urban landscapes have been continually in flux, which becomes dramatically visible to urban dwellers mostly in catastrophic events such as earthquakes, tsunamis, alluvions, sinkholes and, above all, soil liquefaction.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Urban Liquefaction gathers contributions from scholars and practitioners working across continents and fields interested in urban life in (and after) the Anthropocene, including anthropology, archaeology, art, architecture, design, human geography, and science studies, to open up an inquiry into these categorical tensions and to speculate on alternative futures for the built environment.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Luciana Lang is an anthropologist working in the broad area of socioecological anthropology in urban contexts. Her research interests include age-friendly cities, natural and cultural heritage, and community use of green and public spaces. As a research associate at the University of Manchester with MUARG (Manchester Urban Ageing Research Group), she investigated the role of religious spaces in the age-friendly agenda in Greater Manchester. Lang’s doctoral research explored the relationship between an urban fishing community and its surrounding mangroves in Rio de Janeiro, focusing on subsequent transformations as other actors and substances entered that environment, such as plastic, raw sewage, bacteria, oil, new legislations, and institutions. This dialogue between urban communities, the environment, and policymakers informs her research today. In addition to ethnographic methods, she employs map-making techniques, oral histories, and photo-elicitation to tap into people’s perceptions of changing landscapes.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Lindsay Bremner is a research architect whose current work focuses on human–nonhuman–monsoonal entanglements in oceanic worlds. Between 2016 and 2021 she led the research project Monsoon Assemblages, funded by the European Research Council (ERC). From 2022 to 2024 she led the project Reimagining the Good City from Ennore Creek, funded by British Academy, and held an ERC/UKRI Proof of Concept grant Climate Cartographics. Bremner began her academic and professional life in Johannesburg, South Africa, where she published, lectured, and exhibited widely on the transformation of Johannesburg after apartheid. She taught architecture at the University of the Witwatersrand in Johannesburg, at Temple University in Philadelphia, and at MIT as a visiting professor, before taking up her current post as professor of architecture at the University of Westminster in London, where she is director of Research and Knowledge Exchange in the School of Architecture + Cities. Bremner holds a bachelor’s in architecture from the University of Cape Town, and both a master’s and a doctorate in architecture from the University of the Witwatersrand.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Liquefying Concrete</TitleText>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Cristián Simonetti is associate professor in the Department of Anthropology and researcher at the Centre for Concrete Innovation of the Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. His work has concentrated on how bodily gestures and environmental forces relate to notions of time in science. More recently he has engaged in collaborations across the sciences, arts, and humanities to explore the environmental properties of materials relevant to the Anthropocene. He is the author of Sentient Conceptualizations: Feeling for Time in the Sciences of the Past (2018), coeditor of Surfaces: Transformations of Body, Materials and Earth (2020), and coeditor of a special issue of the journal Theory, Culture &amp;amp; Society titled “Solid Fluids: New Approaches to Materials and Meaning” (2022).&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Luciana Lang is an anthropologist working in the broad area of socioecological anthropology in urban contexts. Her research interests include age-friendly cities, natural and cultural heritage, and community use of green and public spaces. As a research associate at the University of Manchester with MUARG (Manchester Urban Ageing Research Group), she investigated the role of religious spaces in the age-friendly agenda in Greater Manchester. Lang’s doctoral research explored the relationship between an urban fishing community and its surrounding mangroves in Rio de Janeiro, focusing on subsequent transformations as other actors and substances entered that environment, such as plastic, raw sewage, bacteria, oil, new legislations, and institutions. This dialogue between urban communities, the environment, and policymakers informs her research today. In addition to ethnographic methods, she employs map-making techniques, oral histories, and photo-elicitation to tap into people’s perceptions of changing landscapes.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Isabelle Simpson obtained her PhD in geography from McGill University in 2022. Her research examines projects to build private cities financed by venture investors and how they take advantage of the financial and political opportunities offered by special economic zones and new technologies, such as blockchain. In addition to academic publications, Isabelle has written for Rest of World and Cabinet Magazine. She has been quoted in several media, including the Los Angeles Times, the New Republic, and NBC News. She currently works at a multinational technology company.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Paula de Oliveira Camargo graduated in architecture and urbanism at the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) in 2000. She was awarded a master’s degree in history, politics, and cultural heritage from the School of Social Sciences at the Getulio Vargas Foundation (FGV) in 2011, and a PhD in design from the Postgraduate Program in Design at the College of Industrial Design (PPD/ESDI), State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), in 2022. Her dissertation, “Times and Crossings: Weaving Lines from Centro Carioca de Design,” experiments with the act of writing, mingling historical, political, and discursive aspects of the Carioca Design Centre (CCD) in Rio de Janeiro, where she works, with essays and articles written over the past five years. Paula is the author of As Cidades, a Cidade: Política e Arquitetura no Rio de Janeiro, (The cities, the city: Politics and architecture in Rio de Janeiro) and coeditor of Design e/é Patrimônio (Design and/is heritage), both from 2012. She has been an associate researcher at the Laboratory of Design and Anthropology (LaDA) at ESDI/UERJ since 2017.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Urban re-industrialisation could be seen as a method of increasing business effectiveness in the context of a politically stimulated ‘green economy’; it could also be seen as a nostalgic mutation of a creative-class concept, focused on 3D printing, ‘boutique manufacturing’ and crafts. These two notions place urban re-industrialisation within the context of the current neoliberal economic regime and urban development based on property and land speculation. Could urban re-industrialisation be a more radical idea? Could urban re-industrialization be imagined as a progressive socio-political and economic project, aimed at creating an inclusive and democratic society based on cooperation and a symbiosis that goes way beyond the current model of a neoliberal city?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In January 2012, against the backdrop of the 2008 financial crisis, Krzysztof Nawratek published a text in opposition to the fantasy of a ‘cappuccino city,’ arguing that the post-industrial city is a fiction, and that it should be replaced by ‘Industrial City 2.0.’ Industrial City 2.0 is an attempt to see a post-socialist and post-industrial city from another perspective, a kind of negative of the modernist industrial city. If, for logistical reasons and because of a concern for the health of residents, modernism tried to separate different functions from each other (mainly industry from residential areas), Industrial City 2.0 is based on the ideas of coexistence, proximity, and synergy. The essays collected here envision the possibilities (as well as the possible perils) of such a scheme.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Urban  re-industrialization  could  be  seen  as  a  method  of  in-creasing  business  effectiveness  in  the  context  of  a  politically  stimulated ‘green economy’; it could also be seen as a nostalgic mutation  of  a  creative-class  concept,  focused  on  3D  printing,  ‘boutique  manufacturing’  and  crafts.  These  two  notions  place  urban  re-industrialization  within  the  context  of  the  current  neoliberal  economic  regime  and  urban  development  based  on  property  and  land  speculation.  Could  urban  re-industrializa-tion be a more radical idea? Could urban re-industrialization be imagined as a progressive socio-political and economic project, aimed at creating an inclusive and democratic society based on cooperation and a symbiosis that goes way beyond the current model of a neoliberal city?In  January  2012,  against  the  backdrop  of  the  financial  crisis  that began in 2008, Krzysztof Nawratek (leader of the Master of Architecture program at Plymouth University) published a text in  opposition  to  the  fantasy  of  a  ‘cappuccino  city’  arguing  that  the post-industrial city is a fiction, and that it should be replaced by ‘Industrial City 2.0’.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Urban  re-industrialization  could  be  seen  as  a  method  of  in-creasing  business  effectiveness  in  the  context  of  a  politically  stimulated ‘green economy’; it could also be seen as a nostalgic mutation  of  a  creative-class  concept,  focused  on  3D  printing,  ‘boutique  manufacturing’  and  crafts.  These  two  notions  place  urban  re-industrialization  within  the  context  of  the  current  neoliberal  economic  regime  and  urban  development  based  on  property  and  land  speculation.  Could  urban  re-industrializa-tion be a more radical idea? Could urban re-industrialization be imagined as a progressive socio-political and economic project, aimed at creating an inclusive and democratic society based on cooperation and a symbiosis that goes way beyond the current model of a neoliberal city?In  January  2012,  against  the  backdrop  of  the  financial  crisis  that began in 2008, Krzysztof Nawratek (leader of the Master of Architecture program at Plymouth University) published a text in  opposition  to  the  fantasy  of  a  ‘cappuccino  city’  arguing  that  the post-industrial city is a fiction, and that it should be replaced by ‘Industrial City 2.0’.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This book, like the conference which led to it, is part of an essen-tial and expanding discussion which criticizes the fundamental structure of contemporary economy and society and examines the  scope  for  long-term  alternatives  and  worthwhile  immedi-ate  interventions,  demands  and  experiments.1  The  context  is  partly  a  historical  one.  Over  thousands  of  years,  but  especially  since the emergence of capitalism a few centuries ago, we have moved  away  from  forms  of  society  where  needs  were  almost  always  met  locally,  from  local  resources  and  with  rather  little  division of labor or division of time between ‘production’, ‘dis-tribution’,  ‘consumption’,  caring,  nurturing,  playing  and  all  the  other  things  people  do  to  the  elaborate  divisions  of  labor  out-lined below. Although anthropologists, archaeologists and his-torians continue to expose and refine our understanding of the actual course of events, it is very useful to think in terms of the progressive  shifts  from  a  stylized  subsistence  society  in  which  exchange  was  highly  localized,  long-distance  trade  limited  to  rare materials (gold, spices) and products of extreme skill or art (scythes,  ornaments,  fine  utensils,  weapons).&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Mechanisms of Loss</TitleText>
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            <Affiliation>Jagiellonian University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Even  without  recalling  the  generalizing  notion  of  ‘human  na-ture’, it is not excessive to suggest that human activity is creation. The delimitation in human life between work, learning, leisure or play is useful in as much as it allows for the analysis of differ-ent segments of social reality. However, in spite of its conveni-ence,  this  delimitation  is  artificial  and  problematic  because  it  hides relations which are based on the production of new things on the level of everyday practices. These relations engage vari-ous resources and link different levels of social life which always resist  categorization  and  analytical  simplification.  Everything  is   — or can be — production. Everything is a social product.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Even  without  recalling  the  generalizing  notion  of  ‘human  na-ture’, it is not excessive to suggest that human activity is creation. The delimitation in human life between work, learning, leisure or play is useful in as much as it allows for the analysis of differ-ent segments of social reality. However, in spite of its conveni-ence,  this  delimitation  is  artificial  and  problematic  because  it  hides relations which are based on the production of new things on the level of everyday practices. These relations engage vari-ous resources and link different levels of social life which always resist  categorization  and  analytical  simplification.  Everything  is   — or can be — production. Everything is a social product.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">The Cultural Politics of Re-Industrialization</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Some Remarks on Cultural Policy and Urban Policy in the European Union</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Jonathan Vickery</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>University of Warwick</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Cultural  policy  and  urban  policy  in  the  European  Union  are  two quite distinct policy fields. They overlap insofar as ‘culture’ is more often than not both urban and public culture, and the greatest  density  of  publicly-funded  cultural  projects  in  Europe  take place in cities. In this chapter I discuss how both cultural policy  and  urban  policy  are  changing  and  are  contributing  to  the ongoing need for re-industrialization, in part through pro-viding the means to a new (or renewed) vision for the European city. Europe  experienced  the  de-industrialization  of  its  post-war  economy in the 1970s, then emerged a partial re-industrializa-tion  through  a  rising  service  economy  in  the  liberalization  of  trade and property ownership in the 1980s, then to be followed by the informational, communications or so-called ‘micro-chip revolution’ of the 1990s — giving us the digitally-mediated eco-nomic world we today inhabit. And yet historical periodizations do not explain a great deal. How we conceptualize the meaning of  ‘industry’  in  the  digital  and  so-called  ‘knowledge  economy’  of the present time remains a matter of debate, if not confusion, We currently seem to be living through an endless recessionary re-scaling of national economies within a supra-national Euro-pean economic framework that is attempting to re-negotiate its relation to the global economy at the same time as its manage-ment of the grand political settlement of European unity, deci-sively forged at Maastricht in 1993. This will no doubt play out through successive political negotiations in the next decade or more,  as  Europe  struggles  to  recover  from  the  global  financial  crisis that impacted it in 2007.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Cultural  policy  and  urban  policy  in  the  European  Union  are  two quite distinct policy fields. They overlap insofar as ‘culture’ is more often than not both urban and public culture, and the greatest  density  of  publicly-funded  cultural  projects  in  Europe  take place in cities. In this chapter I discuss how both cultural policy  and  urban  policy  are  changing  and  are  contributing  to  the ongoing need for re-industrialization, in part through pro-viding the means to a new (or renewed) vision for the European city. Europe  experienced  the  de-industrialization  of  its  post-war  economy in the 1970s, then emerged a partial re-industrializa-tion  through  a  rising  service  economy  in  the  liberalization  of  trade and property ownership in the 1980s, then to be followed by the informational, communications or so-called ‘micro-chip revolution’ of the 1990s — giving us the digitally-mediated eco-nomic world we today inhabit. And yet historical periodizations do not explain a great deal. How we conceptualize the meaning of  ‘industry’  in  the  digital  and  so-called  ‘knowledge  economy’  of the present time remains a matter of debate, if not confusion, We currently seem to be living through an endless recessionary re-scaling of national economies within a supra-national Euro-pean economic framework that is attempting to re-negotiate its relation to the global economy at the same time as its manage-ment of the grand political settlement of European unity, deci-sively forged at Maastricht in 1993. This will no doubt play out through successive political negotiations in the next decade or more,  as  Europe  struggles  to  recover  from  the  global  financial  crisis that impacted it in 2007.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Vickery, Jonathan</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">‘Shrimps not Whales’</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Building a City of Small Parts as an Alternative Vision for Post-Industrial Society</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Alison Hulme</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>University College Cork</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;I was expecting the necessity of a protracted explanation on my part as to where exactly I wanted to go, but the taxi driver im-mediately knew, despite the fact that 798 Art District is way up in  the  northeast  of  Beijing,  adjacent  to  a  nondescript  business  centre in what was a German military camp enclosure. It is no longer enclosed. It no longer needs to be. The government has long ago seen the sense in accessibility and careful encourage-ment where art is concerned, as strategies to avoid secrecy and dissent by potentially counter-revolutionary artists and intellec-tuals.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;I was expecting the necessity of a protracted explanation on my part as to where exactly I wanted to go, but the taxi driver im-mediately knew, despite the fact that 798 Art District is way up in  the  northeast  of  Beijing,  adjacent  to  a  nondescript  business  centre in what was a German military camp enclosure. It is no longer enclosed. It no longer needs to be. The government has long ago seen the sense in accessibility and careful encourage-ment where art is concerned, as strategies to avoid secrecy and dissent by potentially counter-revolutionary artists and intellec-tuals.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Hulme, Alison</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">‘Der Arbeiter’</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">(Re-)Industrialization as Universalism?</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Krzysztof Nawratek</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>University of Sheffield</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In  the  first  chapter  of  The  Urban  Revolution,  Henri  Lefebvre  shows the evolution of the city — from the political city, through the mercantile and industrial city, to its final form, the true ‘ur-ban  city’.  For  Lefebvre,  industry  is  something  that  wasn’t  born  in the city. He  asks:  ‘Was  industry  associated  with  the  city?’  And  an-swers: ‘One would assume it to be associated with the non-city, the absence or rupture of urban reality.’1 It was the industry that came to the city, lured by the scent of money, and the sweat and blood  of  its  inhabitants.  However,  Lefevbre’s  attitude  towards  the industrial city is dialectical. The industrial city destroyed the remnants of the mercantile city and the political city, but it was a ‘creative destruction’, which, in fact, elevated the city to a high-er level of development, setting the stage for Lefebvre’s ‘critical zone’,  the  predicted  moment  in  history  in  which  urbanity  be-comes a meta-narrative aligning all other stories, and therefore also includes the politics and economics of the city.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In  the  first  chapter  of  The  Urban  Revolution,  Henri  Lefebvre  shows the evolution of the city — from the political city, through the mercantile and industrial city, to its final form, the true ‘ur-ban  city’.  For  Lefebvre,  industry  is  something  that  wasn’t  born  in the city. He  asks:  ‘Was  industry  associated  with  the  city?’  And  an-swers: ‘One would assume it to be associated with the non-city, the absence or rupture of urban reality.’1 It was the industry that came to the city, lured by the scent of money, and the sweat and blood  of  its  inhabitants.  However,  Lefevbre’s  attitude  towards  the industrial city is dialectical. The industrial city destroyed the remnants of the mercantile city and the political city, but it was a ‘creative destruction’, which, in fact, elevated the city to a high-er level of development, setting the stage for Lefebvre’s ‘critical zone’,  the  predicted  moment  in  history  in  which  urbanity  be-comes a meta-narrative aligning all other stories, and therefore also includes the politics and economics of the city.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Nawratek, Krzysztof</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Whose Re-Industrialization? Greening the Pit or Taking Over the Means of Production?</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Malcolm Miles</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Malcolm</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Miles</KeyNames>
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            <Affiliation>University of Plymouth</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In After  London,  published  in  1885,  naturalist  Richard  Jeffries  describes  the  city  abandoned  to  nature  after  an  unexplained  catastrophe. Within a year everywhere has become overgrown: grasses are overwhelmed by docks and thistles in a pseudo-Dar-winian scenario of survival of the strongest. Brambles hide the roads, railway embankments are overgrown by trees. A lake cov-ers much of central England, and London is submerged under a swamp forty miles long into which its buildings have collapsed:There exhales from this oozy mass so fatal a vapour that no animal can endure it. The black water bears a greenish-brown floating  scum,  which  for  ever  bubbles  up  from  the  putrid  mud of the bottom. When the wind collects the miasma ... it becomes visible as a low cloud which hangs over the place. [...] at such times when the vapour is thickest, the very wild-fowl leave the reeds, and fly from the poison. [...] It is dead.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In After  London,  published  in  1885,  naturalist  Richard  Jeffries  describes  the  city  abandoned  to  nature  after  an  unexplained  catastrophe. Within a year everywhere has become overgrown: grasses are overwhelmed by docks and thistles in a pseudo-Dar-winian scenario of survival of the strongest. Brambles hide the roads, railway embankments are overgrown by trees. A lake cov-ers much of central England, and London is submerged under a swamp forty miles long into which its buildings have collapsed:There exhales from this oozy mass so fatal a vapour that no animal can endure it. The black water bears a greenish-brown floating  scum,  which  for  ever  bubbles  up  from  the  putrid  mud of the bottom. When the wind collects the miasma ... it becomes visible as a low cloud which hangs over the place. [...] at such times when the vapour is thickest, the very wild-fowl leave the reeds, and fly from the poison. [...] It is dead.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Miles, Malcolm</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Crowdsourced Urbanism? The Maker Revolution and the Creative City 2.0</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Doreen Jakob</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill</Affiliation>
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              <IDValue>03yghzc09</IDValue>
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            <Affiliation>University of Exeter</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Cutting the ribbon at the opening of the new Shapeway factory, New  York  City  Mayor  Michael  Bloomberg  proclaims  that  the  3-D  printing  company  will  form  ‘a  critical  bridge  between  the  tech and manufacturing centers [... and] help us bring the city’s industrial  sector  directly  into  the  twenty-first  century’.1  He  an-nounces: ‘this is the future of our city’.2 According to Anderson, today’s maker movement is the newest, third industrial revolu-tion.3  Rifkin  argues  that  ‘like  every  other  economic  revolution  that  preceded  it,  The  Third  Industrial  [Revolution]  will  recast  many  of  our  assumptions  about  how  the  world  works’.4  Thus  what  future  and  what  city  does  the  maker  movement  create?  This book questions whether urban re-industrialization can be imagined  as  a  progressive  socio-political  and  economical  pro-ject  leading  to  an  inclusive  and  democratic  society  based  on  cooperation and symbiosis. Many of the conference’s presenta-tions offered examples of how to envision urban re-industrial-ization.  In  this  short  chapter,  however,  I  argue  that  urban  re-industrialization as part of a third industrial revolution is not a distant futuristic concept but a reality in the making. Driven by the maker movement, green energy, crowdsourcing and crowd-funding, the third industrial revolution comes along dressed in the flowing robes of collaboration, participation, democratized manufacturing and ‘distributed capitalism’.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Cutting the ribbon at the opening of the new Shapeway factory, New  York  City  Mayor  Michael  Bloomberg  proclaims  that  the  3-D  printing  company  will  form  ‘a  critical  bridge  between  the  tech and manufacturing centers [... and] help us bring the city’s industrial  sector  directly  into  the  twenty-first  century’.1  He  an-nounces: ‘this is the future of our city’.2 According to Anderson, today’s maker movement is the newest, third industrial revolu-tion.3  Rifkin  argues  that  ‘like  every  other  economic  revolution  that  preceded  it,  The  Third  Industrial  [Revolution]  will  recast  many  of  our  assumptions  about  how  the  world  works’.4  Thus  what  future  and  what  city  does  the  maker  movement  create?  This book questions whether urban re-industrialization can be imagined  as  a  progressive  socio-political  and  economical  pro-ject  leading  to  an  inclusive  and  democratic  society  based  on  cooperation and symbiosis. Many of the conference’s presenta-tions offered examples of how to envision urban re-industrial-ization.  In  this  short  chapter,  however,  I  argue  that  urban  re-industrialization as part of a third industrial revolution is not a distant futuristic concept but a reality in the making. Driven by the maker movement, green energy, crowdsourcing and crowd-funding, the third industrial revolution comes along dressed in the flowing robes of collaboration, participation, democratized manufacturing and ‘distributed capitalism’.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <PersonName>Jakob, Doreen</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Brave New World?!</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Tatjana Schneider</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Tatjana</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Schneider</KeyNames>
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            <Affiliation>University of Sheffield</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This  chapter  takes  its  title  from  Aldous  Huxley’s  famous  novel  of the same name. Set in the very distant future of the year 2540, the novel outlines a world in which every being’s rank in society is predetermined at embryo-stage. Once in the world, ranks and happiness  within  one’s  rank  are  then  managed  by  a  drug  with  the name of soma. Highly influential on many levels, the novel raises interesting philosophical questions around concepts such as  manipulation,  design,  free  will,  and  liberty  and  (pre-)deter-mination amongst others. Given, for example, that the individu-als in Huxley’s novel have been engineered before birth, are they truly responsible for their actions or are they merely the tools of their  designers  at  the  Hatchery  and  Conditioning  Centre?  And  does  the  manufacturing  process  create  individuals  who  are,  as  the American philosopher Gary Watson declares, ‘incapable of effectively  envisaging  or  seeing  the  significance  of  certain  al-ternatives,  of  reflecting  on  [themselves]  and  on  the  origins  of  [their] motivations’?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This  chapter  takes  its  title  from  Aldous  Huxley’s  famous  novel  of the same name. Set in the very distant future of the year 2540, the novel outlines a world in which every being’s rank in society is predetermined at embryo-stage. Once in the world, ranks and happiness  within  one’s  rank  are  then  managed  by  a  drug  with  the name of soma. Highly influential on many levels, the novel raises interesting philosophical questions around concepts such as  manipulation,  design,  free  will,  and  liberty  and  (pre-)deter-mination amongst others. Given, for example, that the individu-als in Huxley’s novel have been engineered before birth, are they truly responsible for their actions or are they merely the tools of their  designers  at  the  Hatchery  and  Conditioning  Centre?  And  does  the  manufacturing  process  create  individuals  who  are,  as  the American philosopher Gary Watson declares, ‘incapable of effectively  envisaging  or  seeing  the  significance  of  certain  al-ternatives,  of  reflecting  on  [themselves]  and  on  the  origins  of  [their] motivations’?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">The Political Agency of Geography and the Shrinking City</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Jeffrey T. Kruth</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>Kent State University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Traveling  down  Chester  Road  from  downtown  Cleveland,  a  beacon  of  architectural  modernity  can  be  seen  reflecting  light  off the Norman Foster-designed medical campus, signaling that one has reached an urbanism vastly different from the one just traversed.  An  institutional  heterotopia  of  sorts,  the  extensive  campus  stands  in  as  a  symbol  for  a  coherent  urban  language  amid  a  decaying  landscape  of  vacant  parcels  and  foreclosed  homes.  The  region’s  largest  employer  and  primary  economic  driver since the 1980s, the Cleveland Clinic’s economic impact is  roughly  $12.6  billion,  and  by  extension,  its  employees  con-tribute $5.9 billion to the Ohio economy.1 World renowned for its healthcare and research contributions, the Clinic and nearby institutions of the ‘med-ed’ complex — University Hospitals and Case Western Reserve University — provide an economic stabil-ity in a city that has struggled to prove itself as resilient for more than a generation.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Traveling  down  Chester  Road  from  downtown  Cleveland,  a  beacon  of  architectural  modernity  can  be  seen  reflecting  light  off the Norman Foster-designed medical campus, signaling that one has reached an urbanism vastly different from the one just traversed.  An  institutional  heterotopia  of  sorts,  the  extensive  campus  stands  in  as  a  symbol  for  a  coherent  urban  language  amid  a  decaying  landscape  of  vacant  parcels  and  foreclosed  homes.  The  region’s  largest  employer  and  primary  economic  driver since the 1980s, the Cleveland Clinic’s economic impact is  roughly  $12.6  billion,  and  by  extension,  its  employees  con-tribute $5.9 billion to the Ohio economy.1 World renowned for its healthcare and research contributions, the Clinic and nearby institutions of the ‘med-ed’ complex — University Hospitals and Case Western Reserve University — provide an economic stabil-ity in a city that has struggled to prove itself as resilient for more than a generation.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Kruth, Jeffrey T.</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Beyond the Post-Industrial City? The Third Industrial Revolution, Digital Manufacturing and the Transformation of Homes into Miniature Factories</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>John R. Bryson</PersonName>
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          <KeyNames>Bryson</KeyNames>
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            <Affiliation>University of Birmingham</Affiliation>
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          <PersonName>Jennifer Clark</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Jennifer</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Clark</KeyNames>
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            <Affiliation>Georgia Institute of Technology</Affiliation>
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          <PersonName>Rachel Mulhall</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>University of Birmingham</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The  late  spring  2013  issue  of  the  SkyMall  shopping  catalogue  heralded the emergence of the next technological or industrial revolution.  The  SkyMall  catalogue  is  found  on  nearly  every  US flight  and  provides  travelers  with  an  opportunity  to  consider  purchasing  a  range  of  new  and  novel  products  whilst  onboard  the aircraft. The late spring issue contains a $1,299 3d printer. 3d printers can be traced back to 1984, when stereolithography was developed by Charles Hull. This printing process enables a tan-gible 3d object to be created from digital data. The SkyMall 3d printer is described as ‘[s]uper easy and simple to use. It works by building up plastic material in three dimensions to create a real object. It’s ideal for home, classroom and office and creates prototypes, models, toys ... the list is endless’.1 The reference to home use highlights the ability of this technology to shift some manufacturing  production  from  the  factory  to  the  home.  It  is  worth  noting  that  3d  printing  can  also  involve  printing  with metal powders. Nearly everything can be printed, but there are restrictions in terms of size. For example, it is a simple process to  print  a  new  cover  for  a  mobile  phone  at  home,  but  it  will  never be practicable to print a complete car. This re-emergence of  home-based  manufacturing  has  important  implications  for  cities, as it enables new forms of customized manufacturing to emerge.  Home-based  manufacturing  is  not  a  new  process,  but  this new industrial revolution has the potential to return manu-facturing to its roots within the home.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The  late  spring  2013  issue  of  the  SkyMall  shopping  catalogue  heralded the emergence of the next technological or industrial revolution.  The  SkyMall  catalogue  is  found  on  nearly  every  US flight  and  provides  travelers  with  an  opportunity  to  consider  purchasing  a  range  of  new  and  novel  products  whilst  onboard  the aircraft. The late spring issue contains a $1,299 3d printer. 3d printers can be traced back to 1984, when stereolithography was developed by Charles Hull. This printing process enables a tan-gible 3d object to be created from digital data. The SkyMall 3d printer is described as ‘[s]uper easy and simple to use. It works by building up plastic material in three dimensions to create a real object. It’s ideal for home, classroom and office and creates prototypes, models, toys ... the list is endless’.1 The reference to home use highlights the ability of this technology to shift some manufacturing  production  from  the  factory  to  the  home.  It  is  worth  noting  that  3d  printing  can  also  involve  printing  with metal powders. Nearly everything can be printed, but there are restrictions in terms of size. For example, it is a simple process to  print  a  new  cover  for  a  mobile  phone  at  home,  but  it  will  never be practicable to print a complete car. This re-emergence of  home-based  manufacturing  has  important  implications  for  cities, as it enables new forms of customized manufacturing to emerge.  Home-based  manufacturing  is  not  a  new  process,  but  this new industrial revolution has the potential to return manu-facturing to its roots within the home.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Bryson, John R.</PersonName>
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            <PersonName>Clark, Jennifer</PersonName>
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            <PersonName>Mulhall, Rachel</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Conspicuous Production</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Valuing the Visibility of Industry in Urban Re-Industrialisation</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Karl Baker</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;A  flurry  of  recent  commentary  calls  for  a  renewed  focus  on  wealthy  countries  ‘making  things’.1  Such  arguments  are  gener-ally framed within discourses on national economic growth and ignore the spatial implications of re-industrialization. However, treating the promotion of industrial activities as a key compo-nent  of  spatially-oriented  urban  development  strategies  offers  promises to broaden the range of benefits delivered by a revived manufacturing sector. In realizing this potential, the built form supporting  industry  requires  careful  consideration.  Shifts  to-ward  consolidating  industry  within  demarcated  zones  of  utilitarian sheds in the urban periphery,2 while converting historic inner-city  industrial  buildings  for  the  service  economy,3  are  problematic manifestations of conventional planning for indus-try in today’s ‘post-industrial’ city.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;A  flurry  of  recent  commentary  calls  for  a  renewed  focus  on  wealthy  countries  ‘making  things’.1  Such  arguments  are  gener-ally framed within discourses on national economic growth and ignore the spatial implications of re-industrialization. However, treating the promotion of industrial activities as a key compo-nent  of  spatially-oriented  urban  development  strategies  offers  promises to broaden the range of benefits delivered by a revived manufacturing sector. In realizing this potential, the built form supporting  industry  requires  careful  consideration.  Shifts  to-ward  consolidating  industry  within  demarcated  zones  of  utilitarian sheds in the urban periphery,2 while converting historic inner-city  industrial  buildings  for  the  service  economy,3  are  problematic manifestations of conventional planning for indus-try in today’s ‘post-industrial’ city.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Baker, Karl</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Industri[us]</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Re/Use, Re/Work, Re/Value</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Christina Norton</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This chapter explores Industri[us], an initiative that was set up in  early  2011  by  ‘Fluid’  (architects  and  urban  strategists)  and  collaborators  in  order  to  highlight  the  growing  opportunity  of  upcycling1  and  its  uses  in  urban  regeneration  and  sustainable  development.  To  begin,  I  explain  the  concept  of  Industri[us],  its  motives  and  its  relationship  to  the  theme  of  re-industriali-zation and progressive urbanism. I also discuss and present the ‘Festival of Up-Cycling’ in Canning Town which was delivered from May to September 2012 and was a prototype and test case for how up-cycling can contribute towards sustainable develop-ment and have a role in urban regeneration.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This chapter explores Industri[us], an initiative that was set up in  early  2011  by  ‘Fluid’  (architects  and  urban  strategists)  and  collaborators  in  order  to  highlight  the  growing  opportunity  of  upcycling1  and  its  uses  in  urban  regeneration  and  sustainable  development.  To  begin,  I  explain  the  concept  of  Industri[us],  its  motives  and  its  relationship  to  the  theme  of  re-industriali-zation and progressive urbanism. I also discuss and present the ‘Festival of Up-Cycling’ in Canning Town which was delivered from May to September 2012 and was a prototype and test case for how up-cycling can contribute towards sustainable develop-ment and have a role in urban regeneration.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <PersonName>Norton, Christina</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In our fast-moving, goal-driven society it’s easy to be insular, but considerable benefits can be gained from talking to, and work-ing with, the neighbors. This can be particularly true across port industrial areas. Ports and their related industrial and amenity areas  are  critical  economic  and  social  components  in  their  re-gion.  As  hubs  for  industry,  business,  leisure  and  logistics,  they  are also resource-intensive and can pose environmental and so-cial challenges. In the Netherlands, ports are vital to the national economy. Faced with increasing growth, limited space and ever-tightening  environmental  constraints,  innovative  collaborative  solutions have had to be developed to support port areas’ inten-sification. One approach is industrial ecological thinking.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In our fast-moving, goal-driven society it’s easy to be insular, but considerable benefits can be gained from talking to, and work-ing with, the neighbors. This can be particularly true across port industrial areas. Ports and their related industrial and amenity areas  are  critical  economic  and  social  components  in  their  re-gion.  As  hubs  for  industry,  business,  leisure  and  logistics,  they  are also resource-intensive and can pose environmental and so-cial challenges. In the Netherlands, ports are vital to the national economy. Faced with increasing growth, limited space and ever-tightening  environmental  constraints,  innovative  collaborative  solutions have had to be developed to support port areas’ inten-sification. One approach is industrial ecological thinking.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The  difference  between  (re-)industrialization  in  the  past  and  present is that energy security and climate change now increas-ingly frame the space in which such processes take place. There-fore,  there  is  an  urgent  need  to  rethink  (re-)industrialization  as  part  of  a  low-carbon  future,  rather  than  as  something  that  perpetuates  the  current  carbon-intensive  mode  of  production  and consumption. The aim of this chapter is to explore the con-cept of low-carbon industrialization, which has recently gained significant  traction  in  China  as  part  of  the  rethinking  process.  More  specifically,  this  chapter  seeks  to  clarify  the  meaning  of  low-carbon industrialization, supported by examples from Chi-na. The chapter also seeks to transfer lessons from China’s expe-rience with low-carbon industrialization to the context of (re-)industrialization. To anticipate the conclusion, this paper argues that both top-down and bottom-up initiatives can be important in low-carbon (re-)industrialization and that their appropriate-ness depends on the market structure and technological charac-teristics of the industry.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Urban re-industrialisation could be seen as a method of increasing business effectiveness in the context of a politically stimulated ‘green economy’; it could also be seen as a nostalgic mutation of a creative-class concept, focused on 3D printing, ‘boutique manufacturing’ and crafts. These two notions place urban re-industrialisation within the context of the current neoliberal economic regime and urban development based on property and land speculation. Could urban re-industrialisation be a more radical idea? Could urban re-industrialization be imagined as a progressive socio-political and economic project, aimed at creating an inclusive and democratic society based on cooperation and a symbiosis that goes way beyond the current model of a neoliberal city?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In January 2012, against the backdrop of the 2008 financial crisis, Krzysztof Nawratek published a text in opposition to the fantasy of a ‘cappuccino city,’ arguing that the post-industrial city is a fiction, and that it should be replaced by ‘Industrial City 2.0.’ Industrial City 2.0 is an attempt to see a post-socialist and post-industrial city from another perspective, a kind of negative of the modernist industrial city. If, for logistical reasons and because of a concern for the health of residents, modernism tried to separate different functions from each other (mainly industry from residential areas), Industrial City 2.0 is based on the ideas of coexistence, proximity, and synergy. The essays collected here envision the possibilities (as well as the possible perils) of such a scheme.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Introduction</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Urban Re-Industrialization As a Political Project</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Krzysztof Nawratek</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Urban  re-industrialization  could  be  seen  as  a  method  of  in-creasing  business  effectiveness  in  the  context  of  a  politically  stimulated ‘green economy’; it could also be seen as a nostalgic mutation  of  a  creative-class  concept,  focused  on  3D  printing,  ‘boutique  manufacturing’  and  crafts.  These  two  notions  place  urban  re-industrialization  within  the  context  of  the  current  neoliberal  economic  regime  and  urban  development  based  on  property  and  land  speculation.  Could  urban  re-industrializa-tion be a more radical idea? Could urban re-industrialization be imagined as a progressive socio-political and economic project, aimed at creating an inclusive and democratic society based on cooperation and a symbiosis that goes way beyond the current model of a neoliberal city?In  January  2012,  against  the  backdrop  of  the  financial  crisis  that began in 2008, Krzysztof Nawratek (leader of the Master of Architecture program at Plymouth University) published a text in  opposition  to  the  fantasy  of  a  ‘cappuccino  city’  arguing  that  the post-industrial city is a fiction, and that it should be replaced by ‘Industrial City 2.0’.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Urban  re-industrialization  could  be  seen  as  a  method  of  in-creasing  business  effectiveness  in  the  context  of  a  politically  stimulated ‘green economy’; it could also be seen as a nostalgic mutation  of  a  creative-class  concept,  focused  on  3D  printing,  ‘boutique  manufacturing’  and  crafts.  These  two  notions  place  urban  re-industrialization  within  the  context  of  the  current  neoliberal  economic  regime  and  urban  development  based  on  property  and  land  speculation.  Could  urban  re-industrializa-tion be a more radical idea? Could urban re-industrialization be imagined as a progressive socio-political and economic project, aimed at creating an inclusive and democratic society based on cooperation and a symbiosis that goes way beyond the current model of a neoliberal city?In  January  2012,  against  the  backdrop  of  the  financial  crisis  that began in 2008, Krzysztof Nawratek (leader of the Master of Architecture program at Plymouth University) published a text in  opposition  to  the  fantasy  of  a  ‘cappuccino  city’  arguing  that  the post-industrial city is a fiction, and that it should be replaced by ‘Industrial City 2.0’.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Re-Industrialization as Progressive Urbanism</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Why and How?</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Michael Edwards</PersonName>
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          <PersonName>Myfanwy Taylor</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This book, like the conference which led to it, is part of an essen-tial and expanding discussion which criticizes the fundamental structure of contemporary economy and society and examines the  scope  for  long-term  alternatives  and  worthwhile  immedi-ate  interventions,  demands  and  experiments.1  The  context  is  partly  a  historical  one.  Over  thousands  of  years,  but  especially  since the emergence of capitalism a few centuries ago, we have moved  away  from  forms  of  society  where  needs  were  almost  always  met  locally,  from  local  resources  and  with  rather  little  division of labor or division of time between ‘production’, ‘dis-tribution’,  ‘consumption’,  caring,  nurturing,  playing  and  all  the  other  things  people  do  to  the  elaborate  divisions  of  labor  out-lined below. Although anthropologists, archaeologists and his-torians continue to expose and refine our understanding of the actual course of events, it is very useful to think in terms of the progressive  shifts  from  a  stylized  subsistence  society  in  which  exchange  was  highly  localized,  long-distance  trade  limited  to  rare materials (gold, spices) and products of extreme skill or art (scythes,  ornaments,  fine  utensils,  weapons).&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This book, like the conference which led to it, is part of an essen-tial and expanding discussion which criticizes the fundamental structure of contemporary economy and society and examines the  scope  for  long-term  alternatives  and  worthwhile  immedi-ate  interventions,  demands  and  experiments.1  The  context  is  partly  a  historical  one.  Over  thousands  of  years,  but  especially  since the emergence of capitalism a few centuries ago, we have moved  away  from  forms  of  society  where  needs  were  almost  always  met  locally,  from  local  resources  and  with  rather  little  division of labor or division of time between ‘production’, ‘dis-tribution’,  ‘consumption’,  caring,  nurturing,  playing  and  all  the  other  things  people  do  to  the  elaborate  divisions  of  labor  out-lined below. Although anthropologists, archaeologists and his-torians continue to expose and refine our understanding of the actual course of events, it is very useful to think in terms of the progressive  shifts  from  a  stylized  subsistence  society  in  which  exchange  was  highly  localized,  long-distance  trade  limited  to  rare materials (gold, spices) and products of extreme skill or art (scythes,  ornaments,  fine  utensils,  weapons).&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Mechanisms of Loss</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Karol Kurnicki</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>Jagiellonian University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Even  without  recalling  the  generalizing  notion  of  ‘human  na-ture’, it is not excessive to suggest that human activity is creation. The delimitation in human life between work, learning, leisure or play is useful in as much as it allows for the analysis of differ-ent segments of social reality. However, in spite of its conveni-ence,  this  delimitation  is  artificial  and  problematic  because  it  hides relations which are based on the production of new things on the level of everyday practices. These relations engage vari-ous resources and link different levels of social life which always resist  categorization  and  analytical  simplification.  Everything  is   — or can be — production. Everything is a social product.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Even  without  recalling  the  generalizing  notion  of  ‘human  na-ture’, it is not excessive to suggest that human activity is creation. The delimitation in human life between work, learning, leisure or play is useful in as much as it allows for the analysis of differ-ent segments of social reality. However, in spite of its conveni-ence,  this  delimitation  is  artificial  and  problematic  because  it  hides relations which are based on the production of new things on the level of everyday practices. These relations engage vari-ous resources and link different levels of social life which always resist  categorization  and  analytical  simplification.  Everything  is   — or can be — production. Everything is a social product.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">The Cultural Politics of Re-Industrialization</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Some Remarks on Cultural Policy and Urban Policy in the European Union</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Jonathan Vickery</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>University of Warwick</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Cultural  policy  and  urban  policy  in  the  European  Union  are  two quite distinct policy fields. They overlap insofar as ‘culture’ is more often than not both urban and public culture, and the greatest  density  of  publicly-funded  cultural  projects  in  Europe  take place in cities. In this chapter I discuss how both cultural policy  and  urban  policy  are  changing  and  are  contributing  to  the ongoing need for re-industrialization, in part through pro-viding the means to a new (or renewed) vision for the European city. Europe  experienced  the  de-industrialization  of  its  post-war  economy in the 1970s, then emerged a partial re-industrializa-tion  through  a  rising  service  economy  in  the  liberalization  of  trade and property ownership in the 1980s, then to be followed by the informational, communications or so-called ‘micro-chip revolution’ of the 1990s — giving us the digitally-mediated eco-nomic world we today inhabit. And yet historical periodizations do not explain a great deal. How we conceptualize the meaning of  ‘industry’  in  the  digital  and  so-called  ‘knowledge  economy’  of the present time remains a matter of debate, if not confusion, We currently seem to be living through an endless recessionary re-scaling of national economies within a supra-national Euro-pean economic framework that is attempting to re-negotiate its relation to the global economy at the same time as its manage-ment of the grand political settlement of European unity, deci-sively forged at Maastricht in 1993. This will no doubt play out through successive political negotiations in the next decade or more,  as  Europe  struggles  to  recover  from  the  global  financial  crisis that impacted it in 2007.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Cultural  policy  and  urban  policy  in  the  European  Union  are  two quite distinct policy fields. They overlap insofar as ‘culture’ is more often than not both urban and public culture, and the greatest  density  of  publicly-funded  cultural  projects  in  Europe  take place in cities. In this chapter I discuss how both cultural policy  and  urban  policy  are  changing  and  are  contributing  to  the ongoing need for re-industrialization, in part through pro-viding the means to a new (or renewed) vision for the European city. Europe  experienced  the  de-industrialization  of  its  post-war  economy in the 1970s, then emerged a partial re-industrializa-tion  through  a  rising  service  economy  in  the  liberalization  of  trade and property ownership in the 1980s, then to be followed by the informational, communications or so-called ‘micro-chip revolution’ of the 1990s — giving us the digitally-mediated eco-nomic world we today inhabit. And yet historical periodizations do not explain a great deal. How we conceptualize the meaning of  ‘industry’  in  the  digital  and  so-called  ‘knowledge  economy’  of the present time remains a matter of debate, if not confusion, We currently seem to be living through an endless recessionary re-scaling of national economies within a supra-national Euro-pean economic framework that is attempting to re-negotiate its relation to the global economy at the same time as its manage-ment of the grand political settlement of European unity, deci-sively forged at Maastricht in 1993. This will no doubt play out through successive political negotiations in the next decade or more,  as  Europe  struggles  to  recover  from  the  global  financial  crisis that impacted it in 2007.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">‘Shrimps not Whales’</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Building a City of Small Parts as an Alternative Vision for Post-Industrial Society</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Alison Hulme</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>University College Cork</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;I was expecting the necessity of a protracted explanation on my part as to where exactly I wanted to go, but the taxi driver im-mediately knew, despite the fact that 798 Art District is way up in  the  northeast  of  Beijing,  adjacent  to  a  nondescript  business  centre in what was a German military camp enclosure. It is no longer enclosed. It no longer needs to be. The government has long ago seen the sense in accessibility and careful encourage-ment where art is concerned, as strategies to avoid secrecy and dissent by potentially counter-revolutionary artists and intellec-tuals.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;I was expecting the necessity of a protracted explanation on my part as to where exactly I wanted to go, but the taxi driver im-mediately knew, despite the fact that 798 Art District is way up in  the  northeast  of  Beijing,  adjacent  to  a  nondescript  business  centre in what was a German military camp enclosure. It is no longer enclosed. It no longer needs to be. The government has long ago seen the sense in accessibility and careful encourage-ment where art is concerned, as strategies to avoid secrecy and dissent by potentially counter-revolutionary artists and intellec-tuals.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">‘Der Arbeiter’</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">(Re-)Industrialization as Universalism?</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Krzysztof Nawratek</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>University of Sheffield</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In  the  first  chapter  of  The  Urban  Revolution,  Henri  Lefebvre  shows the evolution of the city — from the political city, through the mercantile and industrial city, to its final form, the true ‘ur-ban  city’.  For  Lefebvre,  industry  is  something  that  wasn’t  born  in the city. He  asks:  ‘Was  industry  associated  with  the  city?’  And  an-swers: ‘One would assume it to be associated with the non-city, the absence or rupture of urban reality.’1 It was the industry that came to the city, lured by the scent of money, and the sweat and blood  of  its  inhabitants.  However,  Lefevbre’s  attitude  towards  the industrial city is dialectical. The industrial city destroyed the remnants of the mercantile city and the political city, but it was a ‘creative destruction’, which, in fact, elevated the city to a high-er level of development, setting the stage for Lefebvre’s ‘critical zone’,  the  predicted  moment  in  history  in  which  urbanity  be-comes a meta-narrative aligning all other stories, and therefore also includes the politics and economics of the city.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In  the  first  chapter  of  The  Urban  Revolution,  Henri  Lefebvre  shows the evolution of the city — from the political city, through the mercantile and industrial city, to its final form, the true ‘ur-ban  city’.  For  Lefebvre,  industry  is  something  that  wasn’t  born  in the city. He  asks:  ‘Was  industry  associated  with  the  city?’  And  an-swers: ‘One would assume it to be associated with the non-city, the absence or rupture of urban reality.’1 It was the industry that came to the city, lured by the scent of money, and the sweat and blood  of  its  inhabitants.  However,  Lefevbre’s  attitude  towards  the industrial city is dialectical. The industrial city destroyed the remnants of the mercantile city and the political city, but it was a ‘creative destruction’, which, in fact, elevated the city to a high-er level of development, setting the stage for Lefebvre’s ‘critical zone’,  the  predicted  moment  in  history  in  which  urbanity  be-comes a meta-narrative aligning all other stories, and therefore also includes the politics and economics of the city.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Nawratek, Krzysztof</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Whose Re-Industrialization? Greening the Pit or Taking Over the Means of Production?</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Malcolm Miles</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>University of Plymouth</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In After  London,  published  in  1885,  naturalist  Richard  Jeffries  describes  the  city  abandoned  to  nature  after  an  unexplained  catastrophe. Within a year everywhere has become overgrown: grasses are overwhelmed by docks and thistles in a pseudo-Dar-winian scenario of survival of the strongest. Brambles hide the roads, railway embankments are overgrown by trees. A lake cov-ers much of central England, and London is submerged under a swamp forty miles long into which its buildings have collapsed:There exhales from this oozy mass so fatal a vapour that no animal can endure it. The black water bears a greenish-brown floating  scum,  which  for  ever  bubbles  up  from  the  putrid  mud of the bottom. When the wind collects the miasma ... it becomes visible as a low cloud which hangs over the place. [...] at such times when the vapour is thickest, the very wild-fowl leave the reeds, and fly from the poison. [...] It is dead.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In After  London,  published  in  1885,  naturalist  Richard  Jeffries  describes  the  city  abandoned  to  nature  after  an  unexplained  catastrophe. Within a year everywhere has become overgrown: grasses are overwhelmed by docks and thistles in a pseudo-Dar-winian scenario of survival of the strongest. Brambles hide the roads, railway embankments are overgrown by trees. A lake cov-ers much of central England, and London is submerged under a swamp forty miles long into which its buildings have collapsed:There exhales from this oozy mass so fatal a vapour that no animal can endure it. The black water bears a greenish-brown floating  scum,  which  for  ever  bubbles  up  from  the  putrid  mud of the bottom. When the wind collects the miasma ... it becomes visible as a low cloud which hangs over the place. [...] at such times when the vapour is thickest, the very wild-fowl leave the reeds, and fly from the poison. [...] It is dead.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Miles, Malcolm</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Crowdsourced Urbanism? The Maker Revolution and the Creative City 2.0</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Doreen Jakob</PersonName>
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              <AffiliationIDType>40</AffiliationIDType>
              <IDValue>0130frc33</IDValue>
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            <Affiliation>University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill</Affiliation>
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              <AffiliationIDType>40</AffiliationIDType>
              <IDValue>03yghzc09</IDValue>
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            <Affiliation>University of Exeter</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Cutting the ribbon at the opening of the new Shapeway factory, New  York  City  Mayor  Michael  Bloomberg  proclaims  that  the  3-D  printing  company  will  form  ‘a  critical  bridge  between  the  tech and manufacturing centers [... and] help us bring the city’s industrial  sector  directly  into  the  twenty-first  century’.1  He  an-nounces: ‘this is the future of our city’.2 According to Anderson, today’s maker movement is the newest, third industrial revolu-tion.3  Rifkin  argues  that  ‘like  every  other  economic  revolution  that  preceded  it,  The  Third  Industrial  [Revolution]  will  recast  many  of  our  assumptions  about  how  the  world  works’.4  Thus  what  future  and  what  city  does  the  maker  movement  create?  This book questions whether urban re-industrialization can be imagined  as  a  progressive  socio-political  and  economical  pro-ject  leading  to  an  inclusive  and  democratic  society  based  on  cooperation and symbiosis. Many of the conference’s presenta-tions offered examples of how to envision urban re-industrial-ization.  In  this  short  chapter,  however,  I  argue  that  urban  re-industrialization as part of a third industrial revolution is not a distant futuristic concept but a reality in the making. Driven by the maker movement, green energy, crowdsourcing and crowd-funding, the third industrial revolution comes along dressed in the flowing robes of collaboration, participation, democratized manufacturing and ‘distributed capitalism’.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Cutting the ribbon at the opening of the new Shapeway factory, New  York  City  Mayor  Michael  Bloomberg  proclaims  that  the  3-D  printing  company  will  form  ‘a  critical  bridge  between  the  tech and manufacturing centers [... and] help us bring the city’s industrial  sector  directly  into  the  twenty-first  century’.1  He  an-nounces: ‘this is the future of our city’.2 According to Anderson, today’s maker movement is the newest, third industrial revolu-tion.3  Rifkin  argues  that  ‘like  every  other  economic  revolution  that  preceded  it,  The  Third  Industrial  [Revolution]  will  recast  many  of  our  assumptions  about  how  the  world  works’.4  Thus  what  future  and  what  city  does  the  maker  movement  create?  This book questions whether urban re-industrialization can be imagined  as  a  progressive  socio-political  and  economical  pro-ject  leading  to  an  inclusive  and  democratic  society  based  on  cooperation and symbiosis. Many of the conference’s presenta-tions offered examples of how to envision urban re-industrial-ization.  In  this  short  chapter,  however,  I  argue  that  urban  re-industrialization as part of a third industrial revolution is not a distant futuristic concept but a reality in the making. Driven by the maker movement, green energy, crowdsourcing and crowd-funding, the third industrial revolution comes along dressed in the flowing robes of collaboration, participation, democratized manufacturing and ‘distributed capitalism’.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Jakob, Doreen</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Brave New World?!</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Tatjana Schneider</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Tatjana</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Schneider</KeyNames>
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              <AffiliationIDType>40</AffiliationIDType>
              <IDValue>05krs5044</IDValue>
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            <Affiliation>University of Sheffield</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This  chapter  takes  its  title  from  Aldous  Huxley’s  famous  novel  of the same name. Set in the very distant future of the year 2540, the novel outlines a world in which every being’s rank in society is predetermined at embryo-stage. Once in the world, ranks and happiness  within  one’s  rank  are  then  managed  by  a  drug  with  the name of soma. Highly influential on many levels, the novel raises interesting philosophical questions around concepts such as  manipulation,  design,  free  will,  and  liberty  and  (pre-)deter-mination amongst others. Given, for example, that the individu-als in Huxley’s novel have been engineered before birth, are they truly responsible for their actions or are they merely the tools of their  designers  at  the  Hatchery  and  Conditioning  Centre?  And  does  the  manufacturing  process  create  individuals  who  are,  as  the American philosopher Gary Watson declares, ‘incapable of effectively  envisaging  or  seeing  the  significance  of  certain  al-ternatives,  of  reflecting  on  [themselves]  and  on  the  origins  of  [their] motivations’?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This  chapter  takes  its  title  from  Aldous  Huxley’s  famous  novel  of the same name. Set in the very distant future of the year 2540, the novel outlines a world in which every being’s rank in society is predetermined at embryo-stage. Once in the world, ranks and happiness  within  one’s  rank  are  then  managed  by  a  drug  with  the name of soma. Highly influential on many levels, the novel raises interesting philosophical questions around concepts such as  manipulation,  design,  free  will,  and  liberty  and  (pre-)deter-mination amongst others. Given, for example, that the individu-als in Huxley’s novel have been engineered before birth, are they truly responsible for their actions or are they merely the tools of their  designers  at  the  Hatchery  and  Conditioning  Centre?  And  does  the  manufacturing  process  create  individuals  who  are,  as  the American philosopher Gary Watson declares, ‘incapable of effectively  envisaging  or  seeing  the  significance  of  certain  al-ternatives,  of  reflecting  on  [themselves]  and  on  the  origins  of  [their] motivations’?&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Schneider, Tatjana</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">The Political Agency of Geography and the Shrinking City</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Jeffrey T. Kruth</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Jeffrey T.</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Kruth</KeyNames>
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              <AffiliationIDType>40</AffiliationIDType>
              <IDValue>049pfb863</IDValue>
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            <Affiliation>Kent State University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Traveling  down  Chester  Road  from  downtown  Cleveland,  a  beacon  of  architectural  modernity  can  be  seen  reflecting  light  off the Norman Foster-designed medical campus, signaling that one has reached an urbanism vastly different from the one just traversed.  An  institutional  heterotopia  of  sorts,  the  extensive  campus  stands  in  as  a  symbol  for  a  coherent  urban  language  amid  a  decaying  landscape  of  vacant  parcels  and  foreclosed  homes.  The  region’s  largest  employer  and  primary  economic  driver since the 1980s, the Cleveland Clinic’s economic impact is  roughly  $12.6  billion,  and  by  extension,  its  employees  con-tribute $5.9 billion to the Ohio economy.1 World renowned for its healthcare and research contributions, the Clinic and nearby institutions of the ‘med-ed’ complex — University Hospitals and Case Western Reserve University — provide an economic stabil-ity in a city that has struggled to prove itself as resilient for more than a generation.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Traveling  down  Chester  Road  from  downtown  Cleveland,  a  beacon  of  architectural  modernity  can  be  seen  reflecting  light  off the Norman Foster-designed medical campus, signaling that one has reached an urbanism vastly different from the one just traversed.  An  institutional  heterotopia  of  sorts,  the  extensive  campus  stands  in  as  a  symbol  for  a  coherent  urban  language  amid  a  decaying  landscape  of  vacant  parcels  and  foreclosed  homes.  The  region’s  largest  employer  and  primary  economic  driver since the 1980s, the Cleveland Clinic’s economic impact is  roughly  $12.6  billion,  and  by  extension,  its  employees  con-tribute $5.9 billion to the Ohio economy.1 World renowned for its healthcare and research contributions, the Clinic and nearby institutions of the ‘med-ed’ complex — University Hospitals and Case Western Reserve University — provide an economic stabil-ity in a city that has struggled to prove itself as resilient for more than a generation.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Kruth, Jeffrey T.</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Beyond the Post-Industrial City? The Third Industrial Revolution, Digital Manufacturing and the Transformation of Homes into Miniature Factories</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>John R. Bryson</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>John R.</NamesBeforeKey>
          <KeyNames>Bryson</KeyNames>
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            <Affiliation>University of Birmingham</Affiliation>
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          <PersonName>Jennifer Clark</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Jennifer</NamesBeforeKey>
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            <Affiliation>Georgia Institute of Technology</Affiliation>
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          <PersonName>Rachel Mulhall</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>University of Birmingham</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The  late  spring  2013  issue  of  the  SkyMall  shopping  catalogue  heralded the emergence of the next technological or industrial revolution.  The  SkyMall  catalogue  is  found  on  nearly  every  US flight  and  provides  travelers  with  an  opportunity  to  consider  purchasing  a  range  of  new  and  novel  products  whilst  onboard  the aircraft. The late spring issue contains a $1,299 3d printer. 3d printers can be traced back to 1984, when stereolithography was developed by Charles Hull. This printing process enables a tan-gible 3d object to be created from digital data. The SkyMall 3d printer is described as ‘[s]uper easy and simple to use. It works by building up plastic material in three dimensions to create a real object. It’s ideal for home, classroom and office and creates prototypes, models, toys ... the list is endless’.1 The reference to home use highlights the ability of this technology to shift some manufacturing  production  from  the  factory  to  the  home.  It  is  worth  noting  that  3d  printing  can  also  involve  printing  with metal powders. Nearly everything can be printed, but there are restrictions in terms of size. For example, it is a simple process to  print  a  new  cover  for  a  mobile  phone  at  home,  but  it  will  never be practicable to print a complete car. This re-emergence of  home-based  manufacturing  has  important  implications  for  cities, as it enables new forms of customized manufacturing to emerge.  Home-based  manufacturing  is  not  a  new  process,  but  this new industrial revolution has the potential to return manu-facturing to its roots within the home.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The  late  spring  2013  issue  of  the  SkyMall  shopping  catalogue  heralded the emergence of the next technological or industrial revolution.  The  SkyMall  catalogue  is  found  on  nearly  every  US flight  and  provides  travelers  with  an  opportunity  to  consider  purchasing  a  range  of  new  and  novel  products  whilst  onboard  the aircraft. The late spring issue contains a $1,299 3d printer. 3d printers can be traced back to 1984, when stereolithography was developed by Charles Hull. This printing process enables a tan-gible 3d object to be created from digital data. The SkyMall 3d printer is described as ‘[s]uper easy and simple to use. It works by building up plastic material in three dimensions to create a real object. It’s ideal for home, classroom and office and creates prototypes, models, toys ... the list is endless’.1 The reference to home use highlights the ability of this technology to shift some manufacturing  production  from  the  factory  to  the  home.  It  is  worth  noting  that  3d  printing  can  also  involve  printing  with metal powders. Nearly everything can be printed, but there are restrictions in terms of size. For example, it is a simple process to  print  a  new  cover  for  a  mobile  phone  at  home,  but  it  will  never be practicable to print a complete car. This re-emergence of  home-based  manufacturing  has  important  implications  for  cities, as it enables new forms of customized manufacturing to emerge.  Home-based  manufacturing  is  not  a  new  process,  but  this new industrial revolution has the potential to return manu-facturing to its roots within the home.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;A  flurry  of  recent  commentary  calls  for  a  renewed  focus  on  wealthy  countries  ‘making  things’.1  Such  arguments  are  gener-ally framed within discourses on national economic growth and ignore the spatial implications of re-industrialization. However, treating the promotion of industrial activities as a key compo-nent  of  spatially-oriented  urban  development  strategies  offers  promises to broaden the range of benefits delivered by a revived manufacturing sector. In realizing this potential, the built form supporting  industry  requires  careful  consideration.  Shifts  to-ward  consolidating  industry  within  demarcated  zones  of  utilitarian sheds in the urban periphery,2 while converting historic inner-city  industrial  buildings  for  the  service  economy,3  are  problematic manifestations of conventional planning for indus-try in today’s ‘post-industrial’ city.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;A  flurry  of  recent  commentary  calls  for  a  renewed  focus  on  wealthy  countries  ‘making  things’.1  Such  arguments  are  gener-ally framed within discourses on national economic growth and ignore the spatial implications of re-industrialization. However, treating the promotion of industrial activities as a key compo-nent  of  spatially-oriented  urban  development  strategies  offers  promises to broaden the range of benefits delivered by a revived manufacturing sector. In realizing this potential, the built form supporting  industry  requires  careful  consideration.  Shifts  to-ward  consolidating  industry  within  demarcated  zones  of  utilitarian sheds in the urban periphery,2 while converting historic inner-city  industrial  buildings  for  the  service  economy,3  are  problematic manifestations of conventional planning for indus-try in today’s ‘post-industrial’ city.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Industri[us]</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Re/Use, Re/Work, Re/Value</Subtitle>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This chapter explores Industri[us], an initiative that was set up in  early  2011  by  ‘Fluid’  (architects  and  urban  strategists)  and  collaborators  in  order  to  highlight  the  growing  opportunity  of  upcycling1  and  its  uses  in  urban  regeneration  and  sustainable  development.  To  begin,  I  explain  the  concept  of  Industri[us],  its  motives  and  its  relationship  to  the  theme  of  re-industriali-zation and progressive urbanism. I also discuss and present the ‘Festival of Up-Cycling’ in Canning Town which was delivered from May to September 2012 and was a prototype and test case for how up-cycling can contribute towards sustainable develop-ment and have a role in urban regeneration.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This chapter explores Industri[us], an initiative that was set up in  early  2011  by  ‘Fluid’  (architects  and  urban  strategists)  and  collaborators  in  order  to  highlight  the  growing  opportunity  of  upcycling1  and  its  uses  in  urban  regeneration  and  sustainable  development.  To  begin,  I  explain  the  concept  of  Industri[us],  its  motives  and  its  relationship  to  the  theme  of  re-industriali-zation and progressive urbanism. I also discuss and present the ‘Festival of Up-Cycling’ in Canning Town which was delivered from May to September 2012 and was a prototype and test case for how up-cycling can contribute towards sustainable develop-ment and have a role in urban regeneration.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Working with the Neighbors</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Kate Royston</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In our fast-moving, goal-driven society it’s easy to be insular, but considerable benefits can be gained from talking to, and work-ing with, the neighbors. This can be particularly true across port industrial areas. Ports and their related industrial and amenity areas  are  critical  economic  and  social  components  in  their  re-gion.  As  hubs  for  industry,  business,  leisure  and  logistics,  they  are also resource-intensive and can pose environmental and so-cial challenges. In the Netherlands, ports are vital to the national economy. Faced with increasing growth, limited space and ever-tightening  environmental  constraints,  innovative  collaborative  solutions have had to be developed to support port areas’ inten-sification. One approach is industrial ecological thinking.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In our fast-moving, goal-driven society it’s easy to be insular, but considerable benefits can be gained from talking to, and work-ing with, the neighbors. This can be particularly true across port industrial areas. Ports and their related industrial and amenity areas  are  critical  economic  and  social  components  in  their  re-gion.  As  hubs  for  industry,  business,  leisure  and  logistics,  they  are also resource-intensive and can pose environmental and so-cial challenges. In the Netherlands, ports are vital to the national economy. Faced with increasing growth, limited space and ever-tightening  environmental  constraints,  innovative  collaborative  solutions have had to be developed to support port areas’ inten-sification. One approach is industrial ecological thinking.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Low-Carbon (Re-)Industrialization</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Lessons from China</Subtitle>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The  difference  between  (re-)industrialization  in  the  past  and  present is that energy security and climate change now increas-ingly frame the space in which such processes take place. There-fore,  there  is  an  urgent  need  to  rethink  (re-)industrialization  as  part  of  a  low-carbon  future,  rather  than  as  something  that  perpetuates  the  current  carbon-intensive  mode  of  production  and consumption. The aim of this chapter is to explore the con-cept of low-carbon industrialization, which has recently gained significant  traction  in  China  as  part  of  the  rethinking  process.  More  specifically,  this  chapter  seeks  to  clarify  the  meaning  of  low-carbon industrialization, supported by examples from Chi-na. The chapter also seeks to transfer lessons from China’s expe-rience with low-carbon industrialization to the context of (re-)industrialization. To anticipate the conclusion, this paper argues that both top-down and bottom-up initiatives can be important in low-carbon (re-)industrialization and that their appropriate-ness depends on the market structure and technological charac-teristics of the industry.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The  difference  between  (re-)industrialization  in  the  past  and  present is that energy security and climate change now increas-ingly frame the space in which such processes take place. There-fore,  there  is  an  urgent  need  to  rethink  (re-)industrialization  as  part  of  a  low-carbon  future,  rather  than  as  something  that  perpetuates  the  current  carbon-intensive  mode  of  production  and consumption. The aim of this chapter is to explore the con-cept of low-carbon industrialization, which has recently gained significant  traction  in  China  as  part  of  the  rethinking  process.  More  specifically,  this  chapter  seeks  to  clarify  the  meaning  of  low-carbon industrialization, supported by examples from Chi-na. The chapter also seeks to transfer lessons from China’s expe-rience with low-carbon industrialization to the context of (re-)industrialization. To anticipate the conclusion, this paper argues that both top-down and bottom-up initiatives can be important in low-carbon (re-)industrialization and that their appropriate-ness depends on the market structure and technological charac-teristics of the industry.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;As the global banking boom of the early twenty-first century expanded towards implosion, Icelandic media began calling the country’s celebrity financiers útrásarvíkingar: “raiding vikings.” This new coinage encapsulated the macho, medievalist nationalism which underwrote Iceland’s exponential financialisation. Yet within a few days in October 2008, Iceland saw all its main banks collapse beneath debts worth nearly ten times the country’s GDP.Hall charts how Icelandic novelists and poets grappled with the Crash over the ensuing decade. As the first English-language monograph devoted to twenty-first-century Icelandic literature, it provides Anglophone readers with an introduction to one of the world’s liveliest literary scenes. It also contributes a key case study for understanding global artistic responses to the early twenty-first century crisis of runaway, unregulated capitalism, exploring the struggles of writers to adapt realist forms of art to surreal times.As Iceland’s biggest crisis since their independence from Denmark in 1944, the effect of the Crash on the national self-image was as seismic as its effects on the economy. This study analyses the centrality of whiteness and the abjection of the “developing world” in Iceland’s post-colonial identity, and shows how Crash-writing explores the collisions of Iceland’s traditional, nationalist medievalism with a dystopian, Orientalist medievalism associated with the Islamic world.The Crash in Iceland was instantly recognised as offering important economic insights. This book shows how Iceland also helps us to understand the cultural convulsions that have followed the Financial Crisis widely in the West.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;As the global banking boom of the early twenty-first century expanded towards implosion, Icelandic media began calling the country’s celebrity financiers útrásarvíkingar: “raiding vikings.” This new coinage encapsulated the macho, medievalist nationalism which underwrote Iceland’s exponential financialisation. Yet within a few days in October 2008, Iceland saw all its main banks collapse beneath debts worth nearly ten times the country’s GDP.Hall charts how Icelandic novelists and poets grappled with the Crash over the ensuing decade. As the first English-language monograph devoted to twenty-first-century Icelandic literature, it provides Anglophone readers with an introduction to one of the world’s liveliest literary scenes. It also contributes a key case study for understanding global artistic responses to the early twenty-first century crisis of runaway, unregulated capitalism, exploring the struggles of writers to adapt realist forms of art to surreal times.As Iceland’s biggest crisis since their independence from Denmark in 1944, the effect of the Crash on the national self-image was as seismic as its effects on the economy. This study analyses the centrality of whiteness and the abjection of the “developing world” in Iceland’s post-colonial identity, and shows how Crash-writing explores the collisions of Iceland’s traditional, nationalist medievalism with a dystopian, Orientalist medievalism associated with the Islamic world.The Crash in Iceland was instantly recognised as offering important economic insights. This book shows how Iceland also helps us to understand the cultural convulsions that have followed the Financial Crisis widely in the West.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;As the global banking boom of the early twenty-first century expanded towards implosion, Icelandic media began calling the country’s celebrity financiers útrásarvíkingar: “raiding vikings.” This new coinage encapsulated the macho, medievalist nationalism which underwrote Iceland’s exponential financialisation. Yet within a few days in October 2008, Iceland saw all its main banks collapse beneath debts worth nearly ten times the country’s GDP.Hall charts how Icelandic novelists and poets grappled with the Crash over the ensuing decade. As the first English-language monograph devoted to twenty-first-century Icelandic literature, it provides Anglophone readers with an introduction to one of the world’s liveliest literary scenes. It also contributes a key case study for understanding global artistic responses to the early twenty-first century crisis of runaway, unregulated capitalism, exploring the struggles of writers to adapt realist forms of art to surreal times.As Iceland’s biggest crisis since their independence from Denmark in 1944, the effect of the Crash on the national self-image was as seismic as its effects on the economy. This study analyses the centrality of whiteness and the abjection of the “developing world” in Iceland’s post-colonial identity, and shows how Crash-writing explores the collisions of Iceland’s traditional, nationalist medievalism with a dystopian, Orientalist medievalism associated with the Islamic world.The Crash in Iceland was instantly recognised as offering important economic insights. This book shows how Iceland also helps us to understand the cultural convulsions that have followed the Financial Crisis widely in the West.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;As the global banking boom of the early twenty-first century expanded towards implosion, Icelandic media began calling the country’s celebrity financiers útrásarvíkingar: “raiding vikings.” This new coinage encapsulated the macho, medievalist nationalism which underwrote Iceland’s exponential financialisation. Yet within a few days in October 2008, Iceland saw all its main banks collapse beneath debts worth nearly ten times the country’s GDP.Hall charts how Icelandic novelists and poets grappled with the Crash over the ensuing decade. As the first English-language monograph devoted to twenty-first-century Icelandic literature, it provides Anglophone readers with an introduction to one of the world’s liveliest literary scenes. It also contributes a key case study for understanding global artistic responses to the early twenty-first century crisis of runaway, unregulated capitalism, exploring the struggles of writers to adapt realist forms of art to surreal times.As Iceland’s biggest crisis since their independence from Denmark in 1944, the effect of the Crash on the national self-image was as seismic as its effects on the economy. This study analyses the centrality of whiteness and the abjection of the “developing world” in Iceland’s post-colonial identity, and shows how Crash-writing explores the collisions of Iceland’s traditional, nationalist medievalism with a dystopian, Orientalist medievalism associated with the Islamic world.The Crash in Iceland was instantly recognised as offering important economic insights. This book shows how Iceland also helps us to understand the cultural convulsions that have followed the Financial Crisis widely in the West.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In his Historia Ecclesiastica Gentis Anglorum (circa 731 CE), Bede says that he will write his account of the past of the English following only vera lex historiae (the true law of history). Whether explicitly or implicitly, historians narrate the past according to conceptions of what constitutes historical truth that emerge in the use of narrative strategies, formulae, and other textual forms, in establishing one’s ideological authority or that of one’s informants, and in faithfulness to a cultural, narrative, or poetic tradition. But what if we extend the scope of what we understand by history (especially in premodern settings) to include not just the writings of historians legitimated by the Latinate matrix of Christianized classical history writing, but also collective narratives, practices, rituals, oral poetry, liturgy, artistic representations, and acts of identity? In these genres of re-enacting the past as, or as representation of, the present, we find a plethora of modes of constructions of historical truth, narrative authority, and reliability.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Vera Lex Historiae? comprises contributions that reveal the variety of evental strategies by which historical truth was constructed in late antiquity and the earlier Middle Ages, and the range of procedures by which such narratives were first established as being historical and then as “true” histories. This is not only a matter of narrative strategies, but also of habitus — ways of living and acting in the world that are deeply imbricated with the commemoration and re-enactment of the past by communities and by individuals. In doing this, Vera Lex Historiae? aims to recover something of the plurality of modes of preserving and reenacting the past available in late antiquity and the earlier middle ages which we often overlook because of preconceived notions of what constitutes history writing.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Catalin Taranu is a literary-historical scholar working on the vernacular poems and cultures of early medieval England and Francia. He has taught medieval literature and Old English and has shared his research on Beowulf, medieval rhizomes of narratives, and vernacular theories of truth and history in talks and publications. Catalin is currently a postdoctoral researcher at New Europe College, Bucharest, where he studies the socio-emotional economy of shame and honor in medieval heroic poetry. His first book, titled The Bard and the Rag-Picker: Vernacular Verse Histories in Early Medieval England and Francia (London: Routledge, 2021), explores alternative modes of early medieval historical representation.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Ralph O’Connor Ralph O’Connor is Professor in the Literature and Culture of Britain, Ireland and Iceland at the University of Aberdeen, where he teaches in the departments of Celtic &amp;amp; Anglo-Saxon Studies, History, and English. He has published widely on fictional and factual writing about the distant past in the mediaeval and early modern Gaelic and Norse-Icelandic cultural zones and in the English-speaking world since 1800.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Catherine Karkov is Chair of Art History in the School of Fine Art, History of Art and Cultural Studies at the University of Leeds. She has written and edited numerous books and articles on early medieval English Art, including The Art of Anglo-Saxon England (Rochester: Boydell Press, 2011) and, most recently, Imagining Anglo-Saxon: Utopia, Heterotopia, Dystopia (Rochester: Boydell Press, 2020). She is currently completing a book on Form and Image in Early Medieval England.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Justin Lake is Associate Professor of Classics at Texas A&amp;amp;M University. He studies Medieval Latin historiography, medieval rhetoric, and the Classical Tradition. His most recent book is Confronting Crisis in the Carolingian Empire: Paschasius Radbertus's funeral oration for Wala of Corbie, an annotated translation of Paschasius Radbertus's Epitaphium Arsenii, undertaken together with Mayke de Jong, Professor Emerita of History at the University of Utrecht. Current projects include a study of the rewriting of Aimoin of Fleury's Gesta Francorum in the Grandes Chroniques de France and the comparative study of Byzantine and Medieval Latin historical prologues.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Ingela Nilsson is Professor of Greek and Byzantine Studies at Uppsala University and Director of the Swedish Research Institute in Istanbul (2019-21). She is a specialist in Byzantine literature with a particular focus on issues of literary adaptation, often from a narratological perspective. Her most recent publications include the co-edited volumes Storytelling in Byzantium: Narratological Approaches to Byzantine Texts and Images (2018), Reading the Late Byzantine Romance: A Handbook (2019) and the monograph Writer and Occasion in Twelfth-Century Byzantium: The Authorial Voice of Constantien Manasses (2021). In 2018 Nilsson was elected a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Letters, History and Antiquity, and in 2019 she was awarded the Thureus award from The Royal Society of Sciences at Uppsala. She is editor of the series Studia Byzantina Upsaliensia, associate editor of Brill’s Narratological Commentaries to Ancient Texts, and Byzantine Studies editor of Byzantine and Modern Greek Studies.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Michael J. Kelly lectures history, critical theory, and the philosophy of history at Binghamton University (SUNY) and is Director of Networks and Neighbours and Gracchi Books (www.gracchibooks.org / https://punctumbooks.com/imprints/gracchi-books). His publications include Isidore of Seville and the “Liber Iudiciorum”: The Struggle for the Past in the Visigothic Kingdom, The Medieval and Early Modern Iberian World 80 (Boston and Leiden: Brill, 2021) and the volume Theories of History: History Read Across the Humanities (London: Bloomsbury, 2018). He is currently preparing a monograph on the concept of in/humanity in early medieval theology.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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          <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Catalin Taranu is a literary-historical scholar working on the vernacular poems and cultures of early medieval England and Francia. He has taught medieval literature and Old English and has shared his research on Beowulf, medieval rhizomes of narratives, and vernacular theories of truth and history in talks and publications. Catalin is currently a postdoctoral researcher at New Europe College, Bucharest, where he studies the socio-emotional economy of shame and honor in medieval heroic poetry. His first book, titled The Bard and the Rag-Picker: Vernacular Verse Histories in Early Medieval England and Francia (London: Routledge, 2021), explores alternative modes of early medieval historical representation.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In his Historia Ecclesiastica Gentis Anglorum (circa 731 CE), Bede says that he will write his account of the past of the English following only vera lex historiae (the true law of history). Whether explicitly or implicitly, historians narrate the past according to conceptions of what constitutes historical truth that emerge in the use of narrative strategies, formulae, and other textual forms, in establishing one’s ideological authority or that of one’s informants, and in faithfulness to a cultural, narrative, or poetic tradition. But what if we extend the scope of what we understand by history (especially in premodern settings) to include not just the writings of historians legitimated by the Latinate matrix of Christianized classical history writing, but also collective narratives, practices, rituals, oral poetry, liturgy, artistic representations, and acts of identity? In these genres of re-enacting the past as, or as representation of, the present, we find a plethora of modes of constructions of historical truth, narrative authority, and reliability.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Vera Lex Historiae? comprises contributions that reveal the variety of evental strategies by which historical truth was constructed in late antiquity and the earlier Middle Ages, and the range of procedures by which such narratives were first established as being historical and then as “true” histories. This is not only a matter of narrative strategies, but also of habitus — ways of living and acting in the world that are deeply imbricated with the commemoration and re-enactment of the past by communities and by individuals. In doing this, Vera Lex Historiae? aims to recover something of the plurality of modes of preserving and reenacting the past available in late antiquity and the earlier middle ages which we often overlook because of preconceived notions of what constitutes history writing.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In his Historia Ecclesiastica Gentis Anglorum (circa 731 CE), Bede says that he will write his account of the past of the English following only vera lex historiae (the true law of history). Whether explicitly or implicitly, historians narrate the past according to conceptions of what constitutes historical truth that emerge in the use of narrative strategies, formulae, and other textual forms, in establishing one’s ideological authority or that of one’s informants, and in faithfulness to a cultural, narrative, or poetic tradition. But what if we extend the scope of what we understand by history (especially in premodern settings) to include not just the writings of historians legitimated by the Latinate matrix of Christianized classical history writing, but also collective narratives, practices, rituals, oral poetry, liturgy, artistic representations, and acts of identity? In these genres of re-enacting the past as, or as representation of, the present, we find a plethora of modes of constructions of historical truth, narrative authority, and reliability.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Vera Lex Historiae? comprises contributions that reveal the variety of evental strategies by which historical truth was constructed in late antiquity and the earlier Middle Ages, and the range of procedures by which such narratives were first established as being historical and then as “true” histories. This is not only a matter of narrative strategies, but also of habitus — ways of living and acting in the world that are deeply imbricated with the commemoration and re-enactment of the past by communities and by individuals. In doing this, Vera Lex Historiae? aims to recover something of the plurality of modes of preserving and reenacting the past available in late antiquity and the earlier middle ages which we often overlook because of preconceived notions of what constitutes history writing.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Not all charms fly at the touch of cold philosophy. Vital Reenchantments examines so-called cold philosophy, or science, that does precisely the opposite — rather than mercilessly emptying out and unweaving, it operates as a philosophy that animates. More specifically, Greyson closely examines how a specific group of “poet-in-scientists” of the late 1970s and 1980s directed attention to the “wondrous” unfolding of life, at a time when the counter-culture in particular had made the institution of science synonymous with technologies of alienation and destruction.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In this vein, Vital Reenchantments takes up E.O. Wilson’s Biophilia (1984), James Lovelock’s Gaia (1979), and Carl Sagan’s Cosmos (1980), in order to show how each work fleshes out scientific concepts with a unique attention to “affective wonder,” understood as the experience of and attunement to novel effects. What is so unique about these works is that they reenchant the scientific world without pandering to what Richard Dawkins will later term “cosmic sentimentality.” Carl Sagan may have said “We are made of starstuff,” but he would never insist, as Joni Mitchell did in 1969, that “we’ve got to get ourselves back to the garden.” Instead, they insist on a third way that does not rely on the idea of an ecological Eden — a vigorously vital materialism in which the affective trumps the sentimental. Further, the historical emergence of these works, all published within 5 years of each other, was no accident: each book responded to an ever deepening sense of environmental crisis, certainly, but along with it they responded to, perhaps more than marginally related, narratives of the large-scale disenchantment brought on by modernity or science, and more often than not a mixture of the two. Greyson argues that the persistence of these works and their affectively-charged scientific concepts in contemporary popular culture and ecological thought is no accident. As such, these works deserve recognition as far more than “popular science” and can be seen as essential contributions to more contemporary vital materialist thought and ecological theory.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;No doubt this talk of enchantment and wonder, so tied to immediate experience, can seem trivial in the face of any number of environmental crises (global warming first among these) that do not just appear ominously on the horizon, but loom as never before. The first task of this book thus to pose the same question that Jane Bennett does at the end of her own work on enchantment: “How can someone write a book about enchantment in such a world?” Does this approach really provide, as Latour phrases it, “a way to bridge the distance between the scale of the phenomena we hear about and the tiny Umwelt inside which we witness, as if it were a fish inside its bowl, an ocean of catastrophes that are supposed to unfold”? Ultimately, Vital Reenchantments argues that affective ecologies, properly attended to, point toward an open present, one that broadens the horizons of the “fish bowl” and allows us to imagine engendering futures that are neither naively hopeful nor hopelessly apocalyptic.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Not all charms fly at the touch of cold philosophy. Vital Reenchantments examines so-called cold philosophy, or science, that does precisely the opposite — rather than mercilessly emptying out and unweaving, it operates as a philosophy that animates. More specifically, Greyson closely examines how a specific group of “poet-in-scientists” of the late 1970s and 1980s directed attention to the “wondrous” unfolding of life, at a time when the counter-culture in particular had made the institution of science synonymous with technologies of alienation and destruction.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In this vein, Vital Reenchantments takes up E.O. Wilson’s Biophilia (1984), James Lovelock’s Gaia (1979), and Carl Sagan’s Cosmos (1980), in order to show how each work fleshes out scientific concepts with a unique attention to “affective wonder,” understood as the experience of and attunement to novel effects. What is so unique about these works is that they reenchant the scientific world without pandering to what Richard Dawkins will later term “cosmic sentimentality.” Carl Sagan may have said “We are made of starstuff,” but he would never insist, as Joni Mitchell did in 1969, that “we’ve got to get ourselves back to the garden.” Instead, they insist on a third way that does not rely on the idea of an ecological Eden — a vigorously vital materialism in which the affective trumps the sentimental. Further, the historical emergence of these works, all published within 5 years of each other, was no accident: each book responded to an ever deepening sense of environmental crisis, certainly, but along with it they responded to, perhaps more than marginally related, narratives of the large-scale disenchantment brought on by modernity or science, and more often than not a mixture of the two. Greyson argues that the persistence of these works and their affectively-charged scientific concepts in contemporary popular culture and ecological thought is no accident. As such, these works deserve recognition as far more than “popular science” and can be seen as essential contributions to more contemporary vital materialist thought and ecological theory.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;No doubt this talk of enchantment and wonder, so tied to immediate experience, can seem trivial in the face of any number of environmental crises (global warming first among these) that do not just appear ominously on the horizon, but loom as never before. The first task of this book thus to pose the same question that Jane Bennett does at the end of her own work on enchantment: “How can someone write a book about enchantment in such a world?” Does this approach really provide, as Latour phrases it, “a way to bridge the distance between the scale of the phenomena we hear about and the tiny Umwelt inside which we witness, as if it were a fish inside its bowl, an ocean of catastrophes that are supposed to unfold”? Ultimately, Vital Reenchantments argues that affective ecologies, properly attended to, point toward an open present, one that broadens the horizons of the “fish bowl” and allows us to imagine engendering futures that are neither naively hopeful nor hopelessly apocalyptic.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Not all charms fly at the touch of cold philosophy. Vital Reenchantments examines so-called cold philosophy, or science, that does precisely the opposite — rather than mercilessly emptying out and unweaving, it operates as a philosophy that animates. More specifically, Greyson closely examines how a specific group of “poet-in-scientists” of the late 1970s and 1980s directed attention to the “wondrous” unfolding of life, at a time when the counter-culture in particular had made the institution of science synonymous with technologies of alienation and destruction.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In this vein, Vital Reenchantments takes up E.O. Wilson’s Biophilia (1984), James Lovelock’s Gaia (1979), and Carl Sagan’s Cosmos (1980), in order to show how each work fleshes out scientific concepts with a unique attention to “affective wonder,” understood as the experience of and attunement to novel effects. What is so unique about these works is that they reenchant the scientific world without pandering to what Richard Dawkins will later term “cosmic sentimentality.” Carl Sagan may have said “We are made of starstuff,” but he would never insist, as Joni Mitchell did in 1969, that “we’ve got to get ourselves back to the garden.” Instead, they insist on a third way that does not rely on the idea of an ecological Eden — a vigorously vital materialism in which the affective trumps the sentimental. Further, the historical emergence of these works, all published within 5 years of each other, was no accident: each book responded to an ever deepening sense of environmental crisis, certainly, but along with it they responded to, perhaps more than marginally related, narratives of the large-scale disenchantment brought on by modernity or science, and more often than not a mixture of the two. Greyson argues that the persistence of these works and their affectively-charged scientific concepts in contemporary popular culture and ecological thought is no accident. As such, these works deserve recognition as far more than “popular science” and can be seen as essential contributions to more contemporary vital materialist thought and ecological theory.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;No doubt this talk of enchantment and wonder, so tied to immediate experience, can seem trivial in the face of any number of environmental crises (global warming first among these) that do not just appear ominously on the horizon, but loom as never before. The first task of this book thus to pose the same question that Jane Bennett does at the end of her own work on enchantment: “How can someone write a book about enchantment in such a world?” Does this approach really provide, as Latour phrases it, “a way to bridge the distance between the scale of the phenomena we hear about and the tiny Umwelt inside which we witness, as if it were a fish inside its bowl, an ocean of catastrophes that are supposed to unfold”? Ultimately, Vital Reenchantments argues that affective ecologies, properly attended to, point toward an open present, one that broadens the horizons of the “fish bowl” and allows us to imagine engendering futures that are neither naively hopeful nor hopelessly apocalyptic.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Not all charms fly at the touch of cold philosophy. Vital Reenchantments examines so-called cold philosophy, or science, that does precisely the opposite — rather than mercilessly emptying out and unweaving, it operates as a philosophy that animates. More specifically, Greyson closely examines how a specific group of “poet-in-scientists” of the late 1970s and 1980s directed attention to the “wondrous” unfolding of life, at a time when the counter-culture in particular had made the institution of science synonymous with technologies of alienation and destruction.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In this vein, Vital Reenchantments takes up E.O. Wilson’s Biophilia (1984), James Lovelock’s Gaia (1979), and Carl Sagan’s Cosmos (1980), in order to show how each work fleshes out scientific concepts with a unique attention to “affective wonder,” understood as the experience of and attunement to novel effects. What is so unique about these works is that they reenchant the scientific world without pandering to what Richard Dawkins will later term “cosmic sentimentality.” Carl Sagan may have said “We are made of starstuff,” but he would never insist, as Joni Mitchell did in 1969, that “we’ve got to get ourselves back to the garden.” Instead, they insist on a third way that does not rely on the idea of an ecological Eden — a vigorously vital materialism in which the affective trumps the sentimental. Further, the historical emergence of these works, all published within 5 years of each other, was no accident: each book responded to an ever deepening sense of environmental crisis, certainly, but along with it they responded to, perhaps more than marginally related, narratives of the large-scale disenchantment brought on by modernity or science, and more often than not a mixture of the two. Greyson argues that the persistence of these works and their affectively-charged scientific concepts in contemporary popular culture and ecological thought is no accident. As such, these works deserve recognition as far more than “popular science” and can be seen as essential contributions to more contemporary vital materialist thought and ecological theory.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;No doubt this talk of enchantment and wonder, so tied to immediate experience, can seem trivial in the face of any number of environmental crises (global warming first among these) that do not just appear ominously on the horizon, but loom as never before. The first task of this book thus to pose the same question that Jane Bennett does at the end of her own work on enchantment: “How can someone write a book about enchantment in such a world?” Does this approach really provide, as Latour phrases it, “a way to bridge the distance between the scale of the phenomena we hear about and the tiny Umwelt inside which we witness, as if it were a fish inside its bowl, an ocean of catastrophes that are supposed to unfold”? Ultimately, Vital Reenchantments argues that affective ecologies, properly attended to, point toward an open present, one that broadens the horizons of the “fish bowl” and allows us to imagine engendering futures that are neither naively hopeful nor hopelessly apocalyptic.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Amal Mazhar is Professor Emeritus of Drama and Comparative Literature at Cairo University. Her main interests are Egyptian, British, and Irish drama, on which she has published numerous scholarly articles. She is also interested in translation from/into English/Arabic. She has translated into English two plays: Ahmed Etman’s Cleopatra Worships Peace and Mahmoud Diyab’s Gate to Conquest (Bab El Futuh). Mazhar has also translated Amitav Gosh’s In an Antique Land and Chinua Achebe’s No Longer at Ease, as well as updated the translation of The Oxford Dictionary of the Theatre.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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        <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Faten I. Morsy is Professor of Comparative Literature at Ain Shams University in Cairo. She has published extensively on medieval literatures, cultural studies, postcolonial literatures, gender studies, and contemporary Arabic Literature. She has edited The Knotted Handkerchief: Essays on the Creative and Critical Works of Radwa Ashour. She is currently writing a book on “Arabic Literature as World Literature.” She has been on the advisory board of several journals and foundations, including Thaqafat.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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        <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Mona Radwan is Assistant Professor of English at Cairo University and specializes in the 20th-century novel and comparative literature, and she is the author of Aspects of War Neuroses in Pat Barker’s Regeneration Trilogy (Lambert, 2012). In 2015, she published her translation of The Revolt of the Young: Essays by Tawfiq al-Hakim with Syracuse University Press.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The Nubians, the largest ethnic community in Egypt, saw their ancestral homelands disappear beneath the waters of the Nile from the dawn of the 20th century through to 1964. The massive displacement of this population has been the subject of numerous literary works by Nubian writers who seek to save their heritage from oblivion and to preserve their Nubian collective memory. Despite the renewal of socio-political interest in Nubia in post-2011 Egypt, the authors of Voices from Nubia, all non-Nubian Egyptians, claim that art in general and literature in particular remain the domain in which the problematics of what has been called the Nubian Question can be primarily vocalized. Only through a thorough reading and analysis of the literary output of Egyptian Nubians can the complexities of Nubia, its people, and culture can find full expression.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The rich literary heritage of contemporary Nubian literature allows for a multiplicity of critiques that makes possible a reading of this literature that crosses the borderlines between literature, history, geography, politics, gender, and ethnicity. The diversity of themes and tropes in Voices from Nubia reflects a hallmark of Nubian literary output which is generally marked by a common feeling of solidarity around the Nubian cause. The array of critical studies included in the volume’s eight chapters covers a multiplicity of approaches: cultural, postcolonial, ecofeminist, and critical race theory.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Voices from Nubia constitutes an attempt to go beyond the dichotomy between the activist Nubian writer who views the Nubian Question as a human rights issue and Arab-Egyptian nationalists who consider the discussion of Nubians as a distinct ethnic group or minority a threat to societal cohesion and national security. The editors conclude the book with interviews with three Egyptian Nubian writers belonging to different generations and expressing different positions with regards to the Nubian Question. It is thus hoped that this book will introduce the English-speaking reader to the rich tradition of contemporary Nubian literature from Egypt, written in Arabic. On the other hand, the book also forces the Egyptian-Arab reader to question some of the most cherished assumptions and ingrained ideas about the nature of culture, history, and identity. As such, Voices from Nubia has far-reaching implications for how we think about the diverse nature of our societies and nations.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The Nubians, the largest ethnic community in Egypt, saw their ancestral homelands disappear beneath the waters of the Nile from the dawn of the 20th century through to 1964. The massive displacement of this population has been the subject of numerous literary works by Nubian writers who seek to save their heritage from oblivion and to preserve their Nubian collective memory. Despite the renewal of socio-political interest in Nubia in post-2011 Egypt, the authors of Voices from Nubia, all non-Nubian Egyptians, claim that art in general and literature in particular remain the domain in which the problematics of what has been called the Nubian Question can be primarily vocalized. Only through a thorough reading and analysis of the literary output of Egyptian Nubians can the complexities of Nubia, its people, and culture can find full expression.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The rich literary heritage of contemporary Nubian literature allows for a multiplicity of critiques that makes possible a reading of this literature that crosses the borderlines between literature, history, geography, politics, gender, and ethnicity. The diversity of themes and tropes in Voices from Nubia reflects a hallmark of Nubian literary output which is generally marked by a common feeling of solidarity around the Nubian cause. The array of critical studies included in the volume’s eight chapters covers a multiplicity of approaches: cultural, postcolonial, ecofeminist, and critical race theory.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Voices from Nubia constitutes an attempt to go beyond the dichotomy between the activist Nubian writer who views the Nubian Question as a human rights issue and Arab-Egyptian nationalists who consider the discussion of Nubians as a distinct ethnic group or minority a threat to societal cohesion and national security. The editors conclude the book with interviews with three Egyptian Nubian writers belonging to different generations and expressing different positions with regards to the Nubian Question. It is thus hoped that this book will introduce the English-speaking reader to the rich tradition of contemporary Nubian literature from Egypt, written in Arabic. On the other hand, the book also forces the Egyptian-Arab reader to question some of the most cherished assumptions and ingrained ideas about the nature of culture, history, and identity. As such, Voices from Nubia has far-reaching implications for how we think about the diverse nature of our societies and nations.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;It has become a commonplace to discuss Nubian Literature as a kind of literature that is deeply entrenched in struggles for recognition and furnished by tropes of belonging and land claiming. In their attempts to possess the power of definition within the national space and the ensuing anxieties of non-belonging, Nubian writers have constantly attempted to reshape and reinforce their own story of the nation. Thus, the corpus of literature by Nubian fiction writers has traditionally constituted a major act of claiming national space, in its capture of life in Nubia through the representation of the history and geography of the region. However, the voice of Nubian writers can by no means be considered monolithic and the present chapter serves to disprove any view of Nubian literature as simply a celebration of the lives of the Nubians as early as 1902  and through the 1950s and 1960s, which witnessed the notorious massive displacement of the Nubian population. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Taking as a point of departure Deleuze and Guattari’s conceptualization of land appropriation through the process of what they call, “territorialization," “deterritorialization,” and “rederritorialization”, the present paper examines Muhammad Khalil Qassim’s novel,  Al-Shamandūra  (The buoy, 1968) as an early expression of the violent dynamics of uprootedness and displacement experienced by the Nubians in southern Egypt. The chapter, however, is critical of the Deleuzo-Guattarian concept of nomadism as a strategic tool of resistance to cultural and political hegemony of the state institutions. Instead of celebrating nomadism and migration as examples of the most productive forms of cultural identity, this study highlights the material effects of landlessness and the continuing plight of the Nubian refugee problem as represented in Qassim’s novel.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;It has become a commonplace to discuss Nubian Literature as a kind of literature that is deeply entrenched in struggles for recognition and furnished by tropes of belonging and land claiming. In their attempts to possess the power of definition within the national space and the ensuing anxieties of non-belonging, Nubian writers have constantly attempted to reshape and reinforce their own story of the nation. Thus, the corpus of literature by Nubian fiction writers has traditionally constituted a major act of claiming national space, in its capture of life in Nubia through the representation of the history and geography of the region. However, the voice of Nubian writers can by no means be considered monolithic and the present chapter serves to disprove any view of Nubian literature as simply a celebration of the lives of the Nubians as early as 1902  and through the 1950s and 1960s, which witnessed the notorious massive displacement of the Nubian population. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Taking as a point of departure Deleuze and Guattari’s conceptualization of land appropriation through the process of what they call, “territorialization," “deterritorialization,” and “rederritorialization”, the present paper examines Muhammad Khalil Qassim’s novel,  Al-Shamandūra  (The buoy, 1968) as an early expression of the violent dynamics of uprootedness and displacement experienced by the Nubians in southern Egypt. The chapter, however, is critical of the Deleuzo-Guattarian concept of nomadism as a strategic tool of resistance to cultural and political hegemony of the state institutions. Instead of celebrating nomadism and migration as examples of the most productive forms of cultural identity, this study highlights the material effects of landlessness and the continuing plight of the Nubian refugee problem as represented in Qassim’s novel.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Reconsidering Cultural Identity in Zeinab Alkordy’s "Zahrat al-Janūb"</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Sherine F. Mazloum</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>Ain Shams University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Research on Nubia has repeatedly referred to the issue of identity, especially the tendency of some Nubian writers to essentialize Nubian identity. Recent interest in minority studies contests postmodernist rejection of identity politics but warns against the reductionism of the essentialists who emphasize an intrinsic value to ethnic identity. Hence, the need to provide alternatives to the conflicting definitions of identity provided by both the post-modernists and the essentialists alike, which in turn resulted in the rise of a post-positivist realist theory of identity, which recognizes that identities are socially significant and context specific ideological constructs that have referential relationships to the world. This theory reconsiders the links between identity and experience offering a more theoretically productive position away from the two extremes proposed by the aforementioned approaches.   &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This study analyzes Zeinab Alkordy’s collection of short stories entitled Zahrat Al-Janūb (Flower of the south, 1988) from the perspective of a post-positivist realist theory of identity with special reference to Satya Mohanty’s epistemic status of cultural identity. This theory enables a reading of the categories of ethnicity, sex, and socio-economic status in Alkordy’s text while taking into consideration how her characters adapt to changing circumstances.  Examining Alkordy’s text from the perspective of Satya Mohanty’s “epistemic status” of cultural identity reveals that Alkordy focuses on her Nubian characters’ lives in the “real” world stressing the relations among “personal experiences, social meanings and cultural identities” (Mohanty 2000).  Informed by Mohanty’s argument that personal experience is constructed but still yields knowledge, this chapter foregrounds how Zeinab Alkordy weaves the epistemic status of Nubian cultural identities, showing the closely interwoven mediation of the personal and the political/public. Indeed, Alkordy’s characters are all individuals who struggle with the challenges they face in their everyday lives. In a post-positivist context, the oppressed  articulate their raced, gendered, classed, and nationalized experiences, mediating their identities as both constructed and real in a way that communicates epistemic privilege. Hence, a revised reading of Nubian experiences as depicted in Alkordy’s text allows an understanding of Nubian cultural identities beyond ahistorocial essentialism or radical skepticism.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Research on Nubia has repeatedly referred to the issue of identity, especially the tendency of some Nubian writers to essentialize Nubian identity. Recent interest in minority studies contests postmodernist rejection of identity politics but warns against the reductionism of the essentialists who emphasize an intrinsic value to ethnic identity. Hence, the need to provide alternatives to the conflicting definitions of identity provided by both the post-modernists and the essentialists alike, which in turn resulted in the rise of a post-positivist realist theory of identity, which recognizes that identities are socially significant and context specific ideological constructs that have referential relationships to the world. This theory reconsiders the links between identity and experience offering a more theoretically productive position away from the two extremes proposed by the aforementioned approaches.   &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This study analyzes Zeinab Alkordy’s collection of short stories entitled Zahrat Al-Janūb (Flower of the south, 1988) from the perspective of a post-positivist realist theory of identity with special reference to Satya Mohanty’s epistemic status of cultural identity. This theory enables a reading of the categories of ethnicity, sex, and socio-economic status in Alkordy’s text while taking into consideration how her characters adapt to changing circumstances.  Examining Alkordy’s text from the perspective of Satya Mohanty’s “epistemic status” of cultural identity reveals that Alkordy focuses on her Nubian characters’ lives in the “real” world stressing the relations among “personal experiences, social meanings and cultural identities” (Mohanty 2000).  Informed by Mohanty’s argument that personal experience is constructed but still yields knowledge, this chapter foregrounds how Zeinab Alkordy weaves the epistemic status of Nubian cultural identities, showing the closely interwoven mediation of the personal and the political/public. Indeed, Alkordy’s characters are all individuals who struggle with the challenges they face in their everyday lives. In a post-positivist context, the oppressed  articulate their raced, gendered, classed, and nationalized experiences, mediating their identities as both constructed and real in a way that communicates epistemic privilege. Hence, a revised reading of Nubian experiences as depicted in Alkordy’s text allows an understanding of Nubian cultural identities beyond ahistorocial essentialism or radical skepticism.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Haggag Oddoul’s "Tasābīḥ Nīlīya" (Hymns to the Nile)</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">A Celebration</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Amal Aly Mazhar</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Nubian writer Haggag Oddoul has been a highly controversial literary figure and political activist, often connected with allegations of separatism of the ancient land of Nubia from Egypt.   Oddoul’s play Tasābīḥ Nīlīya (Hymns to the Nile, 2004) is  unique and interesting as he opts for a literary genre which other Nubian writers do not normally make use of, and which directly addresses the audience and hence has an instant and far-reaching impact. This chapter explores and seeks to refute allegations of separatism as Oddoul himself makes clear in his depiction of his themes and characters. Oddoul dedicates his play to the Egyptian goddess Isis, “the warm embrace of safety and security to all variations.” By “variations”, Oddoul implies all races and religions which have existed in Egypt since time immemorial. If any literary text has “a strategic agenda,” i.e., an overriding message that the writer seeks to convey, I will argue that the play asserts and highly celebrates homogeneity and plurality in Egypt, and not separatism. Oddoul deploys [ostdramatic technique to express his unique vision of a micro, nonessentialist identity as one rich mosaic in the macro Egyptian identity.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Nubian writer Haggag Oddoul has been a highly controversial literary figure and political activist, often connected with allegations of separatism of the ancient land of Nubia from Egypt.   Oddoul’s play Tasābīḥ Nīlīya (Hymns to the Nile, 2004) is  unique and interesting as he opts for a literary genre which other Nubian writers do not normally make use of, and which directly addresses the audience and hence has an instant and far-reaching impact. This chapter explores and seeks to refute allegations of separatism as Oddoul himself makes clear in his depiction of his themes and characters. Oddoul dedicates his play to the Egyptian goddess Isis, “the warm embrace of safety and security to all variations.” By “variations”, Oddoul implies all races and religions which have existed in Egypt since time immemorial. If any literary text has “a strategic agenda,” i.e., an overriding message that the writer seeks to convey, I will argue that the play asserts and highly celebrates homogeneity and plurality in Egypt, and not separatism. Oddoul deploys [ostdramatic technique to express his unique vision of a micro, nonessentialist identity as one rich mosaic in the macro Egyptian identity.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <PersonName>Amal Aly Mazhar</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">(In)Visible Borders in Nubian Poetry of Mohy El-Deen Saleh</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Rasha Mohamed Abboudy</PersonName>
          <NamesBeforeKey>Rasha Mohamed</NamesBeforeKey>
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            <Affiliation>Cairo University</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The massive displacement of Nubians due to the construction of the High Dam in Aswan led to significant geopolitical consequences and shaped new ideological views. Those views, such as the “right to return,” had their impact on Nubian literature as well.  But there is more to diaspora than isolation, despair, and political demands. Egyptian Nubians form part of the Egyptian anthropological texture and surely enhance its widely known diversity through the course of history. So it is time to regard Nubia, our border with Africa, as this “place in between,” as an interlude or even as a bridge that sustains two cultures at a time; bringing hybrid motifs together. As a contemporary example of this “border literature,” the Egyptian Nubian writer Mohy El-Deen Saleh composes poetry in Arabic and roves from traditional to modern subjects and from collective reminiscences to individual concerns. This chapter shifts the traditional scope that studies Nubian literature exclusively as a cultural product of a forgotten minority, and analyzes in depth the mutable borders of Nubian identity.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The massive displacement of Nubians due to the construction of the High Dam in Aswan led to significant geopolitical consequences and shaped new ideological views. Those views, such as the “right to return,” had their impact on Nubian literature as well.  But there is more to diaspora than isolation, despair, and political demands. Egyptian Nubians form part of the Egyptian anthropological texture and surely enhance its widely known diversity through the course of history. So it is time to regard Nubia, our border with Africa, as this “place in between,” as an interlude or even as a bridge that sustains two cultures at a time; bringing hybrid motifs together. As a contemporary example of this “border literature,” the Egyptian Nubian writer Mohy El-Deen Saleh composes poetry in Arabic and roves from traditional to modern subjects and from collective reminiscences to individual concerns. This chapter shifts the traditional scope that studies Nubian literature exclusively as a cultural product of a forgotten minority, and analyzes in depth the mutable borders of Nubian identity.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <PersonName>Rasha Mohamed Abboudy</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Ecological and Ecofeminist Issues in Idris Ali’s "Dongola" and "Al-Laʿib Fawqa Jibāl al-Nūba" (Playing on Nubian mountains)</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Mona Radwan</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This chapter analyzes two novels by Idris Ali: Dongola: A Novel of Nubia (2006) and "Al-Laʿib Fawqa Jibāl al-Nūba" (Playing on Nubian mountains, 2010 )from an eco-critical and ecofeminist perspective. Since nature was and still is of supreme importance to Nubians as their economy, agriculture, sociology, and culture depended on it, such eco-critical reading seeks to analyze the complex relation between nature and the characters in the novels, thus enabling us to come closer to the world in which Nubians live in, as well as explore the continuous negotiations taking place between nature and the culture of the Nubians. Ecofeminist issues will also be highlighted to explore the gender relations represented in the texts while the examination of the various uses of such literary tropes as metaphors and images in the Nubian imagination will also be discussed. This chapter focuses on the plight of the two major female characters Hushia and Halima in Dongola as well as Ghada in Playing on Nubian Mountains to prove that the ecological effect of the building of the Dams and their displacement have always been severely felt by the women and led to their tragic lives.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This chapter analyzes two novels by Idris Ali: Dongola: A Novel of Nubia (2006) and "Al-Laʿib Fawqa Jibāl al-Nūba" (Playing on Nubian mountains, 2010 )from an eco-critical and ecofeminist perspective. Since nature was and still is of supreme importance to Nubians as their economy, agriculture, sociology, and culture depended on it, such eco-critical reading seeks to analyze the complex relation between nature and the characters in the novels, thus enabling us to come closer to the world in which Nubians live in, as well as explore the continuous negotiations taking place between nature and the culture of the Nubians. Ecofeminist issues will also be highlighted to explore the gender relations represented in the texts while the examination of the various uses of such literary tropes as metaphors and images in the Nubian imagination will also be discussed. This chapter focuses on the plight of the two major female characters Hushia and Halima in Dongola as well as Ghada in Playing on Nubian Mountains to prove that the ecological effect of the building of the Dams and their displacement have always been severely felt by the women and led to their tragic lives.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <PersonName>Mona Radwan</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">The Dissolution of the Nubian Identity in Yasser Abdellatif ’s "Qānūn Al-Wirātha" (The law of inheritance) and Samar Nour’s "Maḥallak Sirr" (Stalemate)</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Hussein Hammouda</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;How is the Nubian identity expressed in the works of writers of Nubian origins who were born and brought up in urban areas away from their homeland?                                                                                       What transformation has the Nubian identity gone through in a new urban world? And to what extent has this identity overlapped with, or become dissolved in, a larger identity?                                                                                                                  Is the world image of the ancestral Nubians still present in the world image of their descendants?  Where do these images converge and where do they diverge?                                                                            Answering these questions and similar ones, this chapter considers two recent novels by novelists Samar Nour and Yasser Abdul Latif,  Maḥallak Sirr (Stalemate, 2013) and Qānūn Al-Wirātha (The law of inheritance, 2002) respectively.  The novelists are of Nubian origin but were born and grew up in Cairo. Their texts are read as micro texts within the macro tradition of the Egyptian and the Arabic novel. In dealing with the two novels, this chapter attempts to monitor the image of the Nubian identity in the 1990s and later. It also deals with character relationships, in addition to recall and memory in the two narratives.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;How is the Nubian identity expressed in the works of writers of Nubian origins who were born and brought up in urban areas away from their homeland?                                                                                       What transformation has the Nubian identity gone through in a new urban world? And to what extent has this identity overlapped with, or become dissolved in, a larger identity?                                                                                                                  Is the world image of the ancestral Nubians still present in the world image of their descendants?  Where do these images converge and where do they diverge?                                                                            Answering these questions and similar ones, this chapter considers two recent novels by novelists Samar Nour and Yasser Abdul Latif,  Maḥallak Sirr (Stalemate, 2013) and Qānūn Al-Wirātha (The law of inheritance, 2002) respectively.  The novelists are of Nubian origin but were born and grew up in Cairo. Their texts are read as micro texts within the macro tradition of the Egyptian and the Arabic novel. In dealing with the two novels, this chapter attempts to monitor the image of the Nubian identity in the 1990s and later. It also deals with character relationships, in addition to recall and memory in the two narratives.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <PersonName>Hussein Hammouda</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">A Folkloric Reading of Qassim’s "Al-Shamandūra" (The buoy) and Mokhtar’s "Jibāl al-Kuḥl" (Mountains of kohl)</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Khalid Abou el-Lail</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;A preliminary reading of a number of Nubian novels reveals a basic peculiarity, embodied in the close relation between these novels and the nature of the Nubian society, so much so that this genre of writing has become a mirror reflecting the traditions of this society with its habits, customs and beliefs. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Contemplating Muhammad Khalil Qassim’s novel, Al-Shamandūra (The buoy, 1968), the reader discerns techniques drawing inspiration from folklore with the purpose of approaching the intended social and political issues.  This creates a form of intertextuality of the literary text and the actual life narrative of Nubian life, as the novel forms a narrative of  the social customs related to life cycles: birth, celebrating the first week, children’s and adult’s play, marriage conventions and songs, in addition to rites concerning death and mourning.  The novel registers as well the traits of the Nubian character and everyday life habits, social relations and conventional laws.  Moreover, this novel involves elements of the River Nile folklore. This is also the case in Yehia Mokhtar’s Jibāl al-Kuḥl (Mountains of kohl, 2001)                                                                                                                                    &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This special aspect of the Nubian novel, techniques of drawing inspiration from folklore, drove me to attempt a study of this type, revealing its manifestations in the two novels studied. This study is based on cultural criticism as this could be the best approach to this type of study. The domain of Cultural Studies is credited with taking interest in the neglected and marginalized, and what is popular and delightful. Through a cultural analysis of the daily lives of the Nubians, the various social and religious practices, folk traditions, marriage and birth rituals, and folkloric practices, the culturally marginalized and possibly persecuted find full expression.  Through a cultural reading, the texts open up spaces for the marginalized socially, spatially, temporally, and culturally.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;A preliminary reading of a number of Nubian novels reveals a basic peculiarity, embodied in the close relation between these novels and the nature of the Nubian society, so much so that this genre of writing has become a mirror reflecting the traditions of this society with its habits, customs and beliefs. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Contemplating Muhammad Khalil Qassim’s novel, Al-Shamandūra (The buoy, 1968), the reader discerns techniques drawing inspiration from folklore with the purpose of approaching the intended social and political issues.  This creates a form of intertextuality of the literary text and the actual life narrative of Nubian life, as the novel forms a narrative of  the social customs related to life cycles: birth, celebrating the first week, children’s and adult’s play, marriage conventions and songs, in addition to rites concerning death and mourning.  The novel registers as well the traits of the Nubian character and everyday life habits, social relations and conventional laws.  Moreover, this novel involves elements of the River Nile folklore. This is also the case in Yehia Mokhtar’s Jibāl al-Kuḥl (Mountains of kohl, 2001)                                                                                                                                    &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This special aspect of the Nubian novel, techniques of drawing inspiration from folklore, drove me to attempt a study of this type, revealing its manifestations in the two novels studied. This study is based on cultural criticism as this could be the best approach to this type of study. The domain of Cultural Studies is credited with taking interest in the neglected and marginalized, and what is popular and delightful. Through a cultural analysis of the daily lives of the Nubians, the various social and religious practices, folk traditions, marriage and birth rituals, and folkloric practices, the culturally marginalized and possibly persecuted find full expression.  Through a cultural reading, the texts open up spaces for the marginalized socially, spatially, temporally, and culturally.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This chapter argues that a number of Egyptian Nubian writers and activists have adamantly endeavored to compile their own archive as an empowering strategy geared toward preserving Nubian oral history, culture, identity, and rights. The archival narrative is therefore an important cultural production that appropriates the archival discourse as a rite of passage from the margin to the center. Scrutinizing two works by the Nubian writer Yehia Mokhtar (1936–), mainly, the 2009 collection of short stories Indo Mando and the 2015 biographical novel Giddu Kāb, the study contends that Mokhtar represents the archival writer par excellence. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This chapter explores Mokhtar’s discourse on identity, nationalism, and the image and cultural positionality of the Egyptian Nubian, holding him in contrast to other Egyptian Nubian writers through his Sufist perspective and journalistic national discourse. His attempt at appropriating the archival discourse as a space of intervention and empowerment in the selected archival narratives, shaped by historical and political changes, is a major objective of this study. Hence, the chapter questions the ideological perspective of his archival discourse and the credibility of the meticulously selected archive as “a politicized space” of resistance and intervention. Jacques Derrida’s concept of the archive and his spatial definition of the archive as “house” and Marco Codebo’s definition of the archival novel as a hybrid literary genre, besides a bird’s eye view on the cultural/political scene are taken as points of departure.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This chapter argues that a number of Egyptian Nubian writers and activists have adamantly endeavored to compile their own archive as an empowering strategy geared toward preserving Nubian oral history, culture, identity, and rights. The archival narrative is therefore an important cultural production that appropriates the archival discourse as a rite of passage from the margin to the center. Scrutinizing two works by the Nubian writer Yehia Mokhtar (1936–), mainly, the 2009 collection of short stories Indo Mando and the 2015 biographical novel Giddu Kāb, the study contends that Mokhtar represents the archival writer par excellence. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This chapter explores Mokhtar’s discourse on identity, nationalism, and the image and cultural positionality of the Egyptian Nubian, holding him in contrast to other Egyptian Nubian writers through his Sufist perspective and journalistic national discourse. His attempt at appropriating the archival discourse as a space of intervention and empowerment in the selected archival narratives, shaped by historical and political changes, is a major objective of this study. Hence, the chapter questions the ideological perspective of his archival discourse and the credibility of the meticulously selected archive as “a politicized space” of resistance and intervention. Jacques Derrida’s concept of the archive and his spatial definition of the archive as “house” and Marco Codebo’s definition of the archival novel as a hybrid literary genre, besides a bird’s eye view on the cultural/political scene are taken as points of departure.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The Nubians, the largest ethnic community in Egypt, saw their ancestral homelands disappear beneath the waters of the Nile from the dawn of the 20th century through to 1964. The massive displacement of this population has been the subject of numerous literary works by Nubian writers who seek to save their heritage from oblivion and to preserve their Nubian collective memory. Despite the renewal of socio-political interest in Nubia in post-2011 Egypt, the authors of Voices from Nubia, all non-Nubian Egyptians, claim that art in general and literature in particular remain the domain in which the problematics of what has been called the Nubian Question can be primarily vocalized. Only through a thorough reading and analysis of the literary output of Egyptian Nubians can the complexities of Nubia, its people, and culture can find full expression.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The rich literary heritage of contemporary Nubian literature allows for a multiplicity of critiques that makes possible a reading of this literature that crosses the borderlines between literature, history, geography, politics, gender, and ethnicity. The diversity of themes and tropes in Voices from Nubia reflects a hallmark of Nubian literary output which is generally marked by a common feeling of solidarity around the Nubian cause. The array of critical studies included in the volume’s eight chapters covers a multiplicity of approaches: cultural, postcolonial, ecofeminist, and critical race theory.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Voices from Nubia constitutes an attempt to go beyond the dichotomy between the activist Nubian writer who views the Nubian Question as a human rights issue and Arab-Egyptian nationalists who consider the discussion of Nubians as a distinct ethnic group or minority a threat to societal cohesion and national security. The editors conclude the book with interviews with three Egyptian Nubian writers belonging to different generations and expressing different positions with regards to the Nubian Question. It is thus hoped that this book will introduce the English-speaking reader to the rich tradition of contemporary Nubian literature from Egypt, written in Arabic. On the other hand, the book also forces the Egyptian-Arab reader to question some of the most cherished assumptions and ingrained ideas about the nature of culture, history, and identity. As such, Voices from Nubia has far-reaching implications for how we think about the diverse nature of our societies and nations.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The Nubians, the largest ethnic community in Egypt, saw their ancestral homelands disappear beneath the waters of the Nile from the dawn of the 20th century through to 1964. The massive displacement of this population has been the subject of numerous literary works by Nubian writers who seek to save their heritage from oblivion and to preserve their Nubian collective memory. Despite the renewal of socio-political interest in Nubia in post-2011 Egypt, the authors of Voices from Nubia, all non-Nubian Egyptians, claim that art in general and literature in particular remain the domain in which the problematics of what has been called the Nubian Question can be primarily vocalized. Only through a thorough reading and analysis of the literary output of Egyptian Nubians can the complexities of Nubia, its people, and culture can find full expression.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The rich literary heritage of contemporary Nubian literature allows for a multiplicity of critiques that makes possible a reading of this literature that crosses the borderlines between literature, history, geography, politics, gender, and ethnicity. The diversity of themes and tropes in Voices from Nubia reflects a hallmark of Nubian literary output which is generally marked by a common feeling of solidarity around the Nubian cause. The array of critical studies included in the volume’s eight chapters covers a multiplicity of approaches: cultural, postcolonial, ecofeminist, and critical race theory.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Voices from Nubia constitutes an attempt to go beyond the dichotomy between the activist Nubian writer who views the Nubian Question as a human rights issue and Arab-Egyptian nationalists who consider the discussion of Nubians as a distinct ethnic group or minority a threat to societal cohesion and national security. The editors conclude the book with interviews with three Egyptian Nubian writers belonging to different generations and expressing different positions with regards to the Nubian Question. It is thus hoped that this book will introduce the English-speaking reader to the rich tradition of contemporary Nubian literature from Egypt, written in Arabic. On the other hand, the book also forces the Egyptian-Arab reader to question some of the most cherished assumptions and ingrained ideas about the nature of culture, history, and identity. As such, Voices from Nubia has far-reaching implications for how we think about the diverse nature of our societies and nations.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;It has become a commonplace to discuss Nubian Literature as a kind of literature that is deeply entrenched in struggles for recognition and furnished by tropes of belonging and land claiming. In their attempts to possess the power of definition within the national space and the ensuing anxieties of non-belonging, Nubian writers have constantly attempted to reshape and reinforce their own story of the nation. Thus, the corpus of literature by Nubian fiction writers has traditionally constituted a major act of claiming national space, in its capture of life in Nubia through the representation of the history and geography of the region. However, the voice of Nubian writers can by no means be considered monolithic and the present chapter serves to disprove any view of Nubian literature as simply a celebration of the lives of the Nubians as early as 1902  and through the 1950s and 1960s, which witnessed the notorious massive displacement of the Nubian population. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Taking as a point of departure Deleuze and Guattari’s conceptualization of land appropriation through the process of what they call, “territorialization," “deterritorialization,” and “rederritorialization”, the present paper examines Muhammad Khalil Qassim’s novel,  Al-Shamandūra  (The buoy, 1968) as an early expression of the violent dynamics of uprootedness and displacement experienced by the Nubians in southern Egypt. The chapter, however, is critical of the Deleuzo-Guattarian concept of nomadism as a strategic tool of resistance to cultural and political hegemony of the state institutions. Instead of celebrating nomadism and migration as examples of the most productive forms of cultural identity, this study highlights the material effects of landlessness and the continuing plight of the Nubian refugee problem as represented in Qassim’s novel.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;It has become a commonplace to discuss Nubian Literature as a kind of literature that is deeply entrenched in struggles for recognition and furnished by tropes of belonging and land claiming. In their attempts to possess the power of definition within the national space and the ensuing anxieties of non-belonging, Nubian writers have constantly attempted to reshape and reinforce their own story of the nation. Thus, the corpus of literature by Nubian fiction writers has traditionally constituted a major act of claiming national space, in its capture of life in Nubia through the representation of the history and geography of the region. However, the voice of Nubian writers can by no means be considered monolithic and the present chapter serves to disprove any view of Nubian literature as simply a celebration of the lives of the Nubians as early as 1902  and through the 1950s and 1960s, which witnessed the notorious massive displacement of the Nubian population. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Taking as a point of departure Deleuze and Guattari’s conceptualization of land appropriation through the process of what they call, “territorialization," “deterritorialization,” and “rederritorialization”, the present paper examines Muhammad Khalil Qassim’s novel,  Al-Shamandūra  (The buoy, 1968) as an early expression of the violent dynamics of uprootedness and displacement experienced by the Nubians in southern Egypt. The chapter, however, is critical of the Deleuzo-Guattarian concept of nomadism as a strategic tool of resistance to cultural and political hegemony of the state institutions. Instead of celebrating nomadism and migration as examples of the most productive forms of cultural identity, this study highlights the material effects of landlessness and the continuing plight of the Nubian refugee problem as represented in Qassim’s novel.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Reconsidering Cultural Identity in Zeinab Alkordy’s "Zahrat al-Janūb"</TitleText>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Research on Nubia has repeatedly referred to the issue of identity, especially the tendency of some Nubian writers to essentialize Nubian identity. Recent interest in minority studies contests postmodernist rejection of identity politics but warns against the reductionism of the essentialists who emphasize an intrinsic value to ethnic identity. Hence, the need to provide alternatives to the conflicting definitions of identity provided by both the post-modernists and the essentialists alike, which in turn resulted in the rise of a post-positivist realist theory of identity, which recognizes that identities are socially significant and context specific ideological constructs that have referential relationships to the world. This theory reconsiders the links between identity and experience offering a more theoretically productive position away from the two extremes proposed by the aforementioned approaches.   &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This study analyzes Zeinab Alkordy’s collection of short stories entitled Zahrat Al-Janūb (Flower of the south, 1988) from the perspective of a post-positivist realist theory of identity with special reference to Satya Mohanty’s epistemic status of cultural identity. This theory enables a reading of the categories of ethnicity, sex, and socio-economic status in Alkordy’s text while taking into consideration how her characters adapt to changing circumstances.  Examining Alkordy’s text from the perspective of Satya Mohanty’s “epistemic status” of cultural identity reveals that Alkordy focuses on her Nubian characters’ lives in the “real” world stressing the relations among “personal experiences, social meanings and cultural identities” (Mohanty 2000).  Informed by Mohanty’s argument that personal experience is constructed but still yields knowledge, this chapter foregrounds how Zeinab Alkordy weaves the epistemic status of Nubian cultural identities, showing the closely interwoven mediation of the personal and the political/public. Indeed, Alkordy’s characters are all individuals who struggle with the challenges they face in their everyday lives. In a post-positivist context, the oppressed  articulate their raced, gendered, classed, and nationalized experiences, mediating their identities as both constructed and real in a way that communicates epistemic privilege. Hence, a revised reading of Nubian experiences as depicted in Alkordy’s text allows an understanding of Nubian cultural identities beyond ahistorocial essentialism or radical skepticism.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Research on Nubia has repeatedly referred to the issue of identity, especially the tendency of some Nubian writers to essentialize Nubian identity. Recent interest in minority studies contests postmodernist rejection of identity politics but warns against the reductionism of the essentialists who emphasize an intrinsic value to ethnic identity. Hence, the need to provide alternatives to the conflicting definitions of identity provided by both the post-modernists and the essentialists alike, which in turn resulted in the rise of a post-positivist realist theory of identity, which recognizes that identities are socially significant and context specific ideological constructs that have referential relationships to the world. This theory reconsiders the links between identity and experience offering a more theoretically productive position away from the two extremes proposed by the aforementioned approaches.   &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This study analyzes Zeinab Alkordy’s collection of short stories entitled Zahrat Al-Janūb (Flower of the south, 1988) from the perspective of a post-positivist realist theory of identity with special reference to Satya Mohanty’s epistemic status of cultural identity. This theory enables a reading of the categories of ethnicity, sex, and socio-economic status in Alkordy’s text while taking into consideration how her characters adapt to changing circumstances.  Examining Alkordy’s text from the perspective of Satya Mohanty’s “epistemic status” of cultural identity reveals that Alkordy focuses on her Nubian characters’ lives in the “real” world stressing the relations among “personal experiences, social meanings and cultural identities” (Mohanty 2000).  Informed by Mohanty’s argument that personal experience is constructed but still yields knowledge, this chapter foregrounds how Zeinab Alkordy weaves the epistemic status of Nubian cultural identities, showing the closely interwoven mediation of the personal and the political/public. Indeed, Alkordy’s characters are all individuals who struggle with the challenges they face in their everyday lives. In a post-positivist context, the oppressed  articulate their raced, gendered, classed, and nationalized experiences, mediating their identities as both constructed and real in a way that communicates epistemic privilege. Hence, a revised reading of Nubian experiences as depicted in Alkordy’s text allows an understanding of Nubian cultural identities beyond ahistorocial essentialism or radical skepticism.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <PersonName>Sherine F. Mazloum</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Haggag Oddoul’s "Tasābīḥ Nīlīya" (Hymns to the Nile)</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">A Celebration</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Amal Aly Mazhar</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Nubian writer Haggag Oddoul has been a highly controversial literary figure and political activist, often connected with allegations of separatism of the ancient land of Nubia from Egypt.   Oddoul’s play Tasābīḥ Nīlīya (Hymns to the Nile, 2004) is  unique and interesting as he opts for a literary genre which other Nubian writers do not normally make use of, and which directly addresses the audience and hence has an instant and far-reaching impact. This chapter explores and seeks to refute allegations of separatism as Oddoul himself makes clear in his depiction of his themes and characters. Oddoul dedicates his play to the Egyptian goddess Isis, “the warm embrace of safety and security to all variations.” By “variations”, Oddoul implies all races and religions which have existed in Egypt since time immemorial. If any literary text has “a strategic agenda,” i.e., an overriding message that the writer seeks to convey, I will argue that the play asserts and highly celebrates homogeneity and plurality in Egypt, and not separatism. Oddoul deploys [ostdramatic technique to express his unique vision of a micro, nonessentialist identity as one rich mosaic in the macro Egyptian identity.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Nubian writer Haggag Oddoul has been a highly controversial literary figure and political activist, often connected with allegations of separatism of the ancient land of Nubia from Egypt.   Oddoul’s play Tasābīḥ Nīlīya (Hymns to the Nile, 2004) is  unique and interesting as he opts for a literary genre which other Nubian writers do not normally make use of, and which directly addresses the audience and hence has an instant and far-reaching impact. This chapter explores and seeks to refute allegations of separatism as Oddoul himself makes clear in his depiction of his themes and characters. Oddoul dedicates his play to the Egyptian goddess Isis, “the warm embrace of safety and security to all variations.” By “variations”, Oddoul implies all races and religions which have existed in Egypt since time immemorial. If any literary text has “a strategic agenda,” i.e., an overriding message that the writer seeks to convey, I will argue that the play asserts and highly celebrates homogeneity and plurality in Egypt, and not separatism. Oddoul deploys [ostdramatic technique to express his unique vision of a micro, nonessentialist identity as one rich mosaic in the macro Egyptian identity.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <PersonName>Amal Aly Mazhar</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">(In)Visible Borders in Nubian Poetry of Mohy El-Deen Saleh</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Rasha Mohamed Abboudy</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The massive displacement of Nubians due to the construction of the High Dam in Aswan led to significant geopolitical consequences and shaped new ideological views. Those views, such as the “right to return,” had their impact on Nubian literature as well.  But there is more to diaspora than isolation, despair, and political demands. Egyptian Nubians form part of the Egyptian anthropological texture and surely enhance its widely known diversity through the course of history. So it is time to regard Nubia, our border with Africa, as this “place in between,” as an interlude or even as a bridge that sustains two cultures at a time; bringing hybrid motifs together. As a contemporary example of this “border literature,” the Egyptian Nubian writer Mohy El-Deen Saleh composes poetry in Arabic and roves from traditional to modern subjects and from collective reminiscences to individual concerns. This chapter shifts the traditional scope that studies Nubian literature exclusively as a cultural product of a forgotten minority, and analyzes in depth the mutable borders of Nubian identity.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;The massive displacement of Nubians due to the construction of the High Dam in Aswan led to significant geopolitical consequences and shaped new ideological views. Those views, such as the “right to return,” had their impact on Nubian literature as well.  But there is more to diaspora than isolation, despair, and political demands. Egyptian Nubians form part of the Egyptian anthropological texture and surely enhance its widely known diversity through the course of history. So it is time to regard Nubia, our border with Africa, as this “place in between,” as an interlude or even as a bridge that sustains two cultures at a time; bringing hybrid motifs together. As a contemporary example of this “border literature,” the Egyptian Nubian writer Mohy El-Deen Saleh composes poetry in Arabic and roves from traditional to modern subjects and from collective reminiscences to individual concerns. This chapter shifts the traditional scope that studies Nubian literature exclusively as a cultural product of a forgotten minority, and analyzes in depth the mutable borders of Nubian identity.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Ecological and Ecofeminist Issues in Idris Ali’s "Dongola" and "Al-Laʿib Fawqa Jibāl al-Nūba" (Playing on Nubian mountains)</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Mona Radwan</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This chapter analyzes two novels by Idris Ali: Dongola: A Novel of Nubia (2006) and "Al-Laʿib Fawqa Jibāl al-Nūba" (Playing on Nubian mountains, 2010 )from an eco-critical and ecofeminist perspective. Since nature was and still is of supreme importance to Nubians as their economy, agriculture, sociology, and culture depended on it, such eco-critical reading seeks to analyze the complex relation between nature and the characters in the novels, thus enabling us to come closer to the world in which Nubians live in, as well as explore the continuous negotiations taking place between nature and the culture of the Nubians. Ecofeminist issues will also be highlighted to explore the gender relations represented in the texts while the examination of the various uses of such literary tropes as metaphors and images in the Nubian imagination will also be discussed. This chapter focuses on the plight of the two major female characters Hushia and Halima in Dongola as well as Ghada in Playing on Nubian Mountains to prove that the ecological effect of the building of the Dams and their displacement have always been severely felt by the women and led to their tragic lives.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This chapter analyzes two novels by Idris Ali: Dongola: A Novel of Nubia (2006) and "Al-Laʿib Fawqa Jibāl al-Nūba" (Playing on Nubian mountains, 2010 )from an eco-critical and ecofeminist perspective. Since nature was and still is of supreme importance to Nubians as their economy, agriculture, sociology, and culture depended on it, such eco-critical reading seeks to analyze the complex relation between nature and the characters in the novels, thus enabling us to come closer to the world in which Nubians live in, as well as explore the continuous negotiations taking place between nature and the culture of the Nubians. Ecofeminist issues will also be highlighted to explore the gender relations represented in the texts while the examination of the various uses of such literary tropes as metaphors and images in the Nubian imagination will also be discussed. This chapter focuses on the plight of the two major female characters Hushia and Halima in Dongola as well as Ghada in Playing on Nubian Mountains to prove that the ecological effect of the building of the Dams and their displacement have always been severely felt by the women and led to their tragic lives.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <PersonName>Mona Radwan</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">The Dissolution of the Nubian Identity in Yasser Abdellatif ’s "Qānūn Al-Wirātha" (The law of inheritance) and Samar Nour’s "Maḥallak Sirr" (Stalemate)</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Hussein Hammouda</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;How is the Nubian identity expressed in the works of writers of Nubian origins who were born and brought up in urban areas away from their homeland?                                                                                       What transformation has the Nubian identity gone through in a new urban world? And to what extent has this identity overlapped with, or become dissolved in, a larger identity?                                                                                                                  Is the world image of the ancestral Nubians still present in the world image of their descendants?  Where do these images converge and where do they diverge?                                                                            Answering these questions and similar ones, this chapter considers two recent novels by novelists Samar Nour and Yasser Abdul Latif,  Maḥallak Sirr (Stalemate, 2013) and Qānūn Al-Wirātha (The law of inheritance, 2002) respectively.  The novelists are of Nubian origin but were born and grew up in Cairo. Their texts are read as micro texts within the macro tradition of the Egyptian and the Arabic novel. In dealing with the two novels, this chapter attempts to monitor the image of the Nubian identity in the 1990s and later. It also deals with character relationships, in addition to recall and memory in the two narratives.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;How is the Nubian identity expressed in the works of writers of Nubian origins who were born and brought up in urban areas away from their homeland?                                                                                       What transformation has the Nubian identity gone through in a new urban world? And to what extent has this identity overlapped with, or become dissolved in, a larger identity?                                                                                                                  Is the world image of the ancestral Nubians still present in the world image of their descendants?  Where do these images converge and where do they diverge?                                                                            Answering these questions and similar ones, this chapter considers two recent novels by novelists Samar Nour and Yasser Abdul Latif,  Maḥallak Sirr (Stalemate, 2013) and Qānūn Al-Wirātha (The law of inheritance, 2002) respectively.  The novelists are of Nubian origin but were born and grew up in Cairo. Their texts are read as micro texts within the macro tradition of the Egyptian and the Arabic novel. In dealing with the two novels, this chapter attempts to monitor the image of the Nubian identity in the 1990s and later. It also deals with character relationships, in addition to recall and memory in the two narratives.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <PersonName>Hussein Hammouda</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">A Folkloric Reading of Qassim’s "Al-Shamandūra" (The buoy) and Mokhtar’s "Jibāl al-Kuḥl" (Mountains of kohl)</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Khalid Abou el-Lail</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;A preliminary reading of a number of Nubian novels reveals a basic peculiarity, embodied in the close relation between these novels and the nature of the Nubian society, so much so that this genre of writing has become a mirror reflecting the traditions of this society with its habits, customs and beliefs. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Contemplating Muhammad Khalil Qassim’s novel, Al-Shamandūra (The buoy, 1968), the reader discerns techniques drawing inspiration from folklore with the purpose of approaching the intended social and political issues.  This creates a form of intertextuality of the literary text and the actual life narrative of Nubian life, as the novel forms a narrative of  the social customs related to life cycles: birth, celebrating the first week, children’s and adult’s play, marriage conventions and songs, in addition to rites concerning death and mourning.  The novel registers as well the traits of the Nubian character and everyday life habits, social relations and conventional laws.  Moreover, this novel involves elements of the River Nile folklore. This is also the case in Yehia Mokhtar’s Jibāl al-Kuḥl (Mountains of kohl, 2001)                                                                                                                                    &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This special aspect of the Nubian novel, techniques of drawing inspiration from folklore, drove me to attempt a study of this type, revealing its manifestations in the two novels studied. This study is based on cultural criticism as this could be the best approach to this type of study. The domain of Cultural Studies is credited with taking interest in the neglected and marginalized, and what is popular and delightful. Through a cultural analysis of the daily lives of the Nubians, the various social and religious practices, folk traditions, marriage and birth rituals, and folkloric practices, the culturally marginalized and possibly persecuted find full expression.  Through a cultural reading, the texts open up spaces for the marginalized socially, spatially, temporally, and culturally.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;A preliminary reading of a number of Nubian novels reveals a basic peculiarity, embodied in the close relation between these novels and the nature of the Nubian society, so much so that this genre of writing has become a mirror reflecting the traditions of this society with its habits, customs and beliefs. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Contemplating Muhammad Khalil Qassim’s novel, Al-Shamandūra (The buoy, 1968), the reader discerns techniques drawing inspiration from folklore with the purpose of approaching the intended social and political issues.  This creates a form of intertextuality of the literary text and the actual life narrative of Nubian life, as the novel forms a narrative of  the social customs related to life cycles: birth, celebrating the first week, children’s and adult’s play, marriage conventions and songs, in addition to rites concerning death and mourning.  The novel registers as well the traits of the Nubian character and everyday life habits, social relations and conventional laws.  Moreover, this novel involves elements of the River Nile folklore. This is also the case in Yehia Mokhtar’s Jibāl al-Kuḥl (Mountains of kohl, 2001)                                                                                                                                    &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This special aspect of the Nubian novel, techniques of drawing inspiration from folklore, drove me to attempt a study of this type, revealing its manifestations in the two novels studied. This study is based on cultural criticism as this could be the best approach to this type of study. The domain of Cultural Studies is credited with taking interest in the neglected and marginalized, and what is popular and delightful. Through a cultural analysis of the daily lives of the Nubians, the various social and religious practices, folk traditions, marriage and birth rituals, and folkloric practices, the culturally marginalized and possibly persecuted find full expression.  Through a cultural reading, the texts open up spaces for the marginalized socially, spatially, temporally, and culturally.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <PersonName>Khalid Abou el-Lail</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">The Egyptian Nubian Archival Discourse</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Identity Politics in Yehia Mokhtar’s "Indo Mando" (Here and there) and "Giddu Kāb"</Subtitle>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This chapter argues that a number of Egyptian Nubian writers and activists have adamantly endeavored to compile their own archive as an empowering strategy geared toward preserving Nubian oral history, culture, identity, and rights. The archival narrative is therefore an important cultural production that appropriates the archival discourse as a rite of passage from the margin to the center. Scrutinizing two works by the Nubian writer Yehia Mokhtar (1936–), mainly, the 2009 collection of short stories Indo Mando and the 2015 biographical novel Giddu Kāb, the study contends that Mokhtar represents the archival writer par excellence. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This chapter explores Mokhtar’s discourse on identity, nationalism, and the image and cultural positionality of the Egyptian Nubian, holding him in contrast to other Egyptian Nubian writers through his Sufist perspective and journalistic national discourse. His attempt at appropriating the archival discourse as a space of intervention and empowerment in the selected archival narratives, shaped by historical and political changes, is a major objective of this study. Hence, the chapter questions the ideological perspective of his archival discourse and the credibility of the meticulously selected archive as “a politicized space” of resistance and intervention. Jacques Derrida’s concept of the archive and his spatial definition of the archive as “house” and Marco Codebo’s definition of the archival novel as a hybrid literary genre, besides a bird’s eye view on the cultural/political scene are taken as points of departure.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This chapter argues that a number of Egyptian Nubian writers and activists have adamantly endeavored to compile their own archive as an empowering strategy geared toward preserving Nubian oral history, culture, identity, and rights. The archival narrative is therefore an important cultural production that appropriates the archival discourse as a rite of passage from the margin to the center. Scrutinizing two works by the Nubian writer Yehia Mokhtar (1936–), mainly, the 2009 collection of short stories Indo Mando and the 2015 biographical novel Giddu Kāb, the study contends that Mokhtar represents the archival writer par excellence. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This chapter explores Mokhtar’s discourse on identity, nationalism, and the image and cultural positionality of the Egyptian Nubian, holding him in contrast to other Egyptian Nubian writers through his Sufist perspective and journalistic national discourse. His attempt at appropriating the archival discourse as a space of intervention and empowerment in the selected archival narratives, shaped by historical and political changes, is a major objective of this study. Hence, the chapter questions the ideological perspective of his archival discourse and the credibility of the meticulously selected archive as “a politicized space” of resistance and intervention. Jacques Derrida’s concept of the archive and his spatial definition of the archive as “house” and Marco Codebo’s definition of the archival novel as a hybrid literary genre, besides a bird’s eye view on the cultural/political scene are taken as points of departure.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <PersonName>Pervine Elrefaei</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Interviews with Three Nubian Writers</TitleText>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Maura Coughlin, Asa Simon Mittman, Lora Webb and Jeffrey Jerome Cohen traded images of objects they had found while beachcombing. Their descriptions of these items, going clockwise from the top left: “I found it in Destin, FL when I was probably 8 or 9.” (Lora)“Found on the banks of the Thames, right by the Banker’s Pub, this past summer.” (Asa)“A petric egg gleaned as I wandered the coast of southern Maine. It still tastes salty if you lick it.” (JJC) “Found in September of 1999 on a beach in Nova Scotia. A sheep’s horn (I think) with a hole drilled through it. That’s how I found it.” (Maura)Then they created the following new stories for the objects.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;When most people think of piracy, they think of Bittorrent and The Pirate Bay. These public manifestations of piracy, though, conceal an elite worldwide, underground, organized network of pirate groups who specialize in obtaining media – music, videos, games, and software – before their official sale date and then racing against one another to release the material for free.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Warez: The Infrastructure and Aesthetics of Piracy is the first scholarly research book about this underground subculture, which began life in the pre-internet era Bulletin Board Systems and moved to internet File Transfer Protocol servers (“topsites”) in the mid- to late-1990s. The “Scene,” as it is known, is highly illegal in almost every aspect of its operations. The term “Warez” itself refers to pirated media, a derivative of “software.” Taking a deep dive in the documentary evidence produced by the Scene itself, Warez describes the operations and infrastructures an underground culture with its own norms and rules of participation, its own forms of sociality, and its own artistic forms. Even though forms of digital piracy are often framed within ideological terms of equal access to knowledge and culture, Eve uncovers in the Warez Scene a culture of competitive ranking and one-upmanship that is at odds with the often communalist interpretations of piracy.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Broad in scope and novel in its approach, Warez is indispensible reading for anyone interested in recent developments in digital culture, access to knowledge and culture, and the infrastructures that support our digital age.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;When most people think of piracy, they think of Bittorrent and The Pirate Bay. These public manifestations of piracy, though, conceal an elite worldwide, underground, organized network of pirate groups who specialize in obtaining media – music, videos, games, and software – before their official sale date and then racing against one another to release the material for free.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Warez: The Infrastructure and Aesthetics of Piracy is the first scholarly research book about this underground subculture, which began life in the pre-internet era Bulletin Board Systems and moved to internet File Transfer Protocol servers (“topsites”) in the mid- to late-1990s. The “Scene,” as it is known, is highly illegal in almost every aspect of its operations. The term “Warez” itself refers to pirated media, a derivative of “software.” Taking a deep dive in the documentary evidence produced by the Scene itself, Warez describes the operations and infrastructures an underground culture with its own norms and rules of participation, its own forms of sociality, and its own artistic forms. Even though forms of digital piracy are often framed within ideological terms of equal access to knowledge and culture, Eve uncovers in the Warez Scene a culture of competitive ranking and one-upmanship that is at odds with the often communalist interpretations of piracy.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Broad in scope and novel in its approach, Warez is indispensible reading for anyone interested in recent developments in digital culture, access to knowledge and culture, and the infrastructures that support our digital age.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;When most people think of piracy, they think of Bittorrent and The Pirate Bay. These public manifestations of piracy, though, conceal an elite worldwide, underground, organized network of pirate groups who specialize in obtaining media – music, videos, games, and software – before their official sale date and then racing against one another to release the material for free.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Warez: The Infrastructure and Aesthetics of Piracy is the first scholarly research book about this underground subculture, which began life in the pre-internet era Bulletin Board Systems and moved to internet File Transfer Protocol servers (“topsites”) in the mid- to late-1990s. The “Scene,” as it is known, is highly illegal in almost every aspect of its operations. The term “Warez” itself refers to pirated media, a derivative of “software.” Taking a deep dive in the documentary evidence produced by the Scene itself, Warez describes the operations and infrastructures an underground culture with its own norms and rules of participation, its own forms of sociality, and its own artistic forms. Even though forms of digital piracy are often framed within ideological terms of equal access to knowledge and culture, Eve uncovers in the Warez Scene a culture of competitive ranking and one-upmanship that is at odds with the often communalist interpretations of piracy.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Broad in scope and novel in its approach, Warez is indispensible reading for anyone interested in recent developments in digital culture, access to knowledge and culture, and the infrastructures that support our digital age.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;When most people think of piracy, they think of Bittorrent and The Pirate Bay. These public manifestations of piracy, though, conceal an elite worldwide, underground, organized network of pirate groups who specialize in obtaining media – music, videos, games, and software – before their official sale date and then racing against one another to release the material for free.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Warez: The Infrastructure and Aesthetics of Piracy is the first scholarly research book about this underground subculture, which began life in the pre-internet era Bulletin Board Systems and moved to internet File Transfer Protocol servers (“topsites”) in the mid- to late-1990s. The “Scene,” as it is known, is highly illegal in almost every aspect of its operations. The term “Warez” itself refers to pirated media, a derivative of “software.” Taking a deep dive in the documentary evidence produced by the Scene itself, Warez describes the operations and infrastructures an underground culture with its own norms and rules of participation, its own forms of sociality, and its own artistic forms. Even though forms of digital piracy are often framed within ideological terms of equal access to knowledge and culture, Eve uncovers in the Warez Scene a culture of competitive ranking and one-upmanship that is at odds with the often communalist interpretations of piracy.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Broad in scope and novel in its approach, Warez is indispensible reading for anyone interested in recent developments in digital culture, access to knowledge and culture, and the infrastructures that support our digital age.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;When most people think of piracy, they think of Bittorrent and The Pirate Bay. These public manifestations of piracy, though, conceal an elite worldwide, underground, organized network of pirate groups who specialize in obtaining media – music, videos, games, and software – before their official sale date and then racing against one another to release the material for free.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Warez: The Infrastructure and Aesthetics of Piracy is the first scholarly research book about this underground subculture, which began life in the pre-internet era Bulletin Board Systems and moved to internet File Transfer Protocol servers (“topsites”) in the mid- to late-1990s. The “Scene,” as it is known, is highly illegal in almost every aspect of its operations. The term “Warez” itself refers to pirated media, a derivative of “software.” Taking a deep dive in the documentary evidence produced by the Scene itself, Warez describes the operations and infrastructures an underground culture with its own norms and rules of participation, its own forms of sociality, and its own artistic forms. Even though forms of digital piracy are often framed within ideological terms of equal access to knowledge and culture, Eve uncovers in the Warez Scene a culture of competitive ranking and one-upmanship that is at odds with the often communalist interpretations of piracy.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Broad in scope and novel in its approach, Warez is indispensible reading for anyone interested in recent developments in digital culture, access to knowledge and culture, and the infrastructures that support our digital age.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;When most people think of piracy, they think of Bittorrent and The Pirate Bay. These public manifestations of piracy, though, conceal an elite worldwide, underground, organized network of pirate groups who specialize in obtaining media – music, videos, games, and software – before their official sale date and then racing against one another to release the material for free.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Warez: The Infrastructure and Aesthetics of Piracy is the first scholarly research book about this underground subculture, which began life in the pre-internet era Bulletin Board Systems and moved to internet File Transfer Protocol servers (“topsites”) in the mid- to late-1990s. The “Scene,” as it is known, is highly illegal in almost every aspect of its operations. The term “Warez” itself refers to pirated media, a derivative of “software.” Taking a deep dive in the documentary evidence produced by the Scene itself, Warez describes the operations and infrastructures an underground culture with its own norms and rules of participation, its own forms of sociality, and its own artistic forms. Even though forms of digital piracy are often framed within ideological terms of equal access to knowledge and culture, Eve uncovers in the Warez Scene a culture of competitive ranking and one-upmanship that is at odds with the often communalist interpretations of piracy.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Broad in scope and novel in its approach, Warez is indispensible reading for anyone interested in recent developments in digital culture, access to knowledge and culture, and the infrastructures that support our digital age.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;If at its most elemental, the theater is an art form of human bodies in space, what becomes of the theater as suicide capitalism pushes our world into a posthuman age?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Waste: Capitalism and the Dissolution of the Human in Twentieth-Century Theater traces the twentieth-century theater’s movement from dramaturgies of efficiency to dramaturgies of waste, beginning with the observation that the most salient feature of the human is her ability to be ashamed of herself, to experience herself as excess, the waster and the waste of the world. By examining theatrical representations of capitalism, war, climate change, and the permanent refugee crisis, Waste traces the ways in which these human-driven events signal a tendency toward prodigality that terminates with self-destruction. Defying its promise of abundance for all, capitalism poisons all relationships with competition and fear. The desire to dominate in war is revealed to be the desire to obliterate the self in collective conflagration. The refugee crisis raises the urgent question of our responsibility to the other, but the climate crisis renders the question of anthropocentric obligations moot.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Waste proposes that the theater is the form best suited to confronting the human’s perverse relationship to its finitude. Everything about the theater is suffused with existential shame, with an acute awareness of its provisionality. Unlike the dominant narrative of the human, which is bound up with a fantasy of infinite growth, the theater is not deluded about its nature, origins, and destiny. At its best, the theater gathers artist and audience in one space to die together for a little while, to consciously waste, and not spend, their time.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;If at its most elemental, the theater is an art form of human bodies in space, what becomes of the theater as suicide capitalism pushes our world into a posthuman age?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Waste: Capitalism and the Dissolution of the Human in Twentieth-Century Theater traces the twentieth-century theater’s movement from dramaturgies of efficiency to dramaturgies of waste, beginning with the observation that the most salient feature of the human is her ability to be ashamed of herself, to experience herself as excess, the waster and the waste of the world. By examining theatrical representations of capitalism, war, climate change, and the permanent refugee crisis, Waste traces the ways in which these human-driven events signal a tendency toward prodigality that terminates with self-destruction. Defying its promise of abundance for all, capitalism poisons all relationships with competition and fear. The desire to dominate in war is revealed to be the desire to obliterate the self in collective conflagration. The refugee crisis raises the urgent question of our responsibility to the other, but the climate crisis renders the question of anthropocentric obligations moot.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Waste proposes that the theater is the form best suited to confronting the human’s perverse relationship to its finitude. Everything about the theater is suffused with existential shame, with an acute awareness of its provisionality. Unlike the dominant narrative of the human, which is bound up with a fantasy of infinite growth, the theater is not deluded about its nature, origins, and destiny. At its best, the theater gathers artist and audience in one space to die together for a little while, to consciously waste, and not spend, their time.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;If at its most elemental, the theater is an art form of human bodies in space, what becomes of the theater as suicide capitalism pushes our world into a posthuman age?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Waste: Capitalism and the Dissolution of the Human in Twentieth-Century Theater traces the twentieth-century theater’s movement from dramaturgies of efficiency to dramaturgies of waste, beginning with the observation that the most salient feature of the human is her ability to be ashamed of herself, to experience herself as excess, the waster and the waste of the world. By examining theatrical representations of capitalism, war, climate change, and the permanent refugee crisis, Waste traces the ways in which these human-driven events signal a tendency toward prodigality that terminates with self-destruction. Defying its promise of abundance for all, capitalism poisons all relationships with competition and fear. The desire to dominate in war is revealed to be the desire to obliterate the self in collective conflagration. The refugee crisis raises the urgent question of our responsibility to the other, but the climate crisis renders the question of anthropocentric obligations moot.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Waste proposes that the theater is the form best suited to confronting the human’s perverse relationship to its finitude. Everything about the theater is suffused with existential shame, with an acute awareness of its provisionality. Unlike the dominant narrative of the human, which is bound up with a fantasy of infinite growth, the theater is not deluded about its nature, origins, and destiny. At its best, the theater gathers artist and audience in one space to die together for a little while, to consciously waste, and not spend, their time.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;If at its most elemental, the theater is an art form of human bodies in space, what becomes of the theater as suicide capitalism pushes our world into a posthuman age?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Waste: Capitalism and the Dissolution of the Human in Twentieth-Century Theater traces the twentieth-century theater’s movement from dramaturgies of efficiency to dramaturgies of waste, beginning with the observation that the most salient feature of the human is her ability to be ashamed of herself, to experience herself as excess, the waster and the waste of the world. By examining theatrical representations of capitalism, war, climate change, and the permanent refugee crisis, Waste traces the ways in which these human-driven events signal a tendency toward prodigality that terminates with self-destruction. Defying its promise of abundance for all, capitalism poisons all relationships with competition and fear. The desire to dominate in war is revealed to be the desire to obliterate the self in collective conflagration. The refugee crisis raises the urgent question of our responsibility to the other, but the climate crisis renders the question of anthropocentric obligations moot.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Waste proposes that the theater is the form best suited to confronting the human’s perverse relationship to its finitude. Everything about the theater is suffused with existential shame, with an acute awareness of its provisionality. Unlike the dominant narrative of the human, which is bound up with a fantasy of infinite growth, the theater is not deluded about its nature, origins, and destiny. At its best, the theater gathers artist and audience in one space to die together for a little while, to consciously waste, and not spend, their time.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This book contains the proceedings from Weaponising Speculation, a two-day conference and exhibition that took place in Dublin in March 2013. Weaponising Speculation was organised by D.U.S.T. (Dublin Unit for Speculative Thought) and aimed to be an exploration of the various expressions of DIY theory operative in the elsewheres, the shafts and tunnels of the para-academy. The topics covered all come under the welcoming embrace of speculation, spanning a broad range: from art, philosophy, nature, fiction, and computation to spiders, culinary cosmology, and Oscar the Grouch. The book itself aims to be more than just a collection of essays and catalogue of artworks, but also a documentation of the event as a whole. An object that both those present at the event and those who missed it would want to own — bringing something new to both sets of readers&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This book contains the proceedings from Weaponising Speculation, a two-day conference and exhibition that took place in Dublin in March 2013. Weaponising Speculation was organised by D.U.S.T. (Dublin Unit for Speculative Thought) and aimed to be an exploration of the various expressions of DIY theory operative in the elsewheres, the shafts and tunnels of the para-academy. The topics covered all come under the welcoming embrace of speculation, spanning a broad range: from art, philosophy, nature, fiction, and computation to spiders, culinary cosmology, and Oscar the Grouch. The book itself aims to be more than just a collection of essays and catalogue of artworks, but also a documentation of the event as a whole. An object that both those present at the event and those who missed it would want to own — bringing something new to both sets of readers&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;THE  Dublin  Unit  for  Speculative  Thought  is  an  art/theory  collective  which  was  formed  in  late  2012  by  Paul  Ennis,  Fintan  Neylan  and  Michael  O’Rourke.  The  impetus  behind  our  coming together was a shared emphasis in our work  and  our  thinking  on  speculative  realism  and  a  mutual  antipathy  towards  and  marginal  position  vis-à-vis  the  academy  qua  institution.  Initially,  we  could  agree  that  the  main  things  we  had  a  fidelity  to  were  speculative  realisms  (broadly conceived) and para-academic modes of  thinking  which  could  be  deployed  in  a  DIY  fashion  outside  the  walls  of  and  alongside  (even  parasitical  on)  the  business  as  usual  operations of the academy. There is very little that  theoretically  we  three  have  in  common.  Paul did a dissertation on Heidegger but is now mostly  aligned  with  a  bleak  theoretical  posi-tion. Fintan also began with Heidegger but his work now focuses on the philosophy of Manuel DeLanda.  Michael  comes  from  a  background  in  literary  theory  and  his  writing  is  heavily  underpinned    by    Derridean    deconstruction.    While these are highly reductive accounts – for the sake of shorthand – of our three theoretical and  philosophical  trajectories  they  do  serve  to  demonstrate  that  there  is  not  some  unified  agenda  which  DUST  was  brought  about  to  serve  or  promulgate.  Quite  the  contrary;  it  illustrates that DUST is, in fact, a collective (in the  truest  sense)  which  has  as  its  mission  the  ‘opening’ up of speculative realism and of philo-sophical thinking more broadly. From our para-academic   (non-   and   even   anti-institutional)   position  we  can  afford  not  to  hitch  ourselves  to any particular strand of speculative realism. As  the  quotations  above  (chosen  completely  at random) attest, DUST interests itself in and opens itself to the widest possible spectrum of thought:  continental  realism,  accelerationism,  post-continental thought, weird fiction, Object Oriented Ontology, posthumanism, new mater-ialisms,    transcendental    materialism,    actor    network theory, non-philosophy, eliminativism, dark   vitalism,   assemblage   theory,   transcen-dental nihilism, dark  or xeno-phenomenology (the list could go on...).&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;THE  Dublin  Unit  for  Speculative  Thought  is  an  art/theory  collective  which  was  formed  in  late  2012  by  Paul  Ennis,  Fintan  Neylan  and  Michael  O’Rourke.  The  impetus  behind  our  coming together was a shared emphasis in our work  and  our  thinking  on  speculative  realism  and  a  mutual  antipathy  towards  and  marginal  position  vis-à-vis  the  academy  qua  institution.  Initially,  we  could  agree  that  the  main  things  we  had  a  fidelity  to  were  speculative  realisms  (broadly conceived) and para-academic modes of  thinking  which  could  be  deployed  in  a  DIY  fashion  outside  the  walls  of  and  alongside  (even  parasitical  on)  the  business  as  usual  operations of the academy. There is very little that  theoretically  we  three  have  in  common.  Paul did a dissertation on Heidegger but is now mostly  aligned  with  a  bleak  theoretical  posi-tion. Fintan also began with Heidegger but his work now focuses on the philosophy of Manuel DeLanda.  Michael  comes  from  a  background  in  literary  theory  and  his  writing  is  heavily  underpinned    by    Derridean    deconstruction.    While these are highly reductive accounts – for the sake of shorthand – of our three theoretical and  philosophical  trajectories  they  do  serve  to  demonstrate  that  there  is  not  some  unified  agenda  which  DUST  was  brought  about  to  serve  or  promulgate.  Quite  the  contrary;  it  illustrates that DUST is, in fact, a collective (in the  truest  sense)  which  has  as  its  mission  the  ‘opening’ up of speculative realism and of philo-sophical thinking more broadly. From our para-academic   (non-   and   even   anti-institutional)   position  we  can  afford  not  to  hitch  ourselves  to any particular strand of speculative realism. As  the  quotations  above  (chosen  completely  at random) attest, DUST interests itself in and opens itself to the widest possible spectrum of thought:  continental  realism,  accelerationism,  post-continental thought, weird fiction, Object Oriented Ontology, posthumanism, new mater-ialisms,    transcendental    materialism,    actor    network theory, non-philosophy, eliminativism, dark   vitalism,   assemblage   theory,   transcen-dental nihilism, dark  or xeno-phenomenology (the list could go on...).&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;FIRST  off,  I  would  like  the  reader  to  examine  this  computer  function.  This is a rule called Rule 30, discovered and coined by Stephen Wolfram [1].  This  is  a  determined  simple  cellular  automaton  rule,  easily  describ-able (basically, if the top set of pixels, are present, it computes the pixel below line by line and so on). It can be manipulated on a set of black and white tiles by hand without an ordinary computing machine for instance. I’ll return to this later.Although   academic   scholars   are   trained   not   to   generalise,   para-academics  might  afford  themselves  some  informal  naivety.  So  it  is  that  continental  philosophy  –  a  term  originally  coined  by  Analytic  Philosophers to describe a bunch of people who ‘don’t do what they do’ – has had extremely little to say about computer science and the possible reality of computation.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;FIRST  off,  I  would  like  the  reader  to  examine  this  computer  function.  This is a rule called Rule 30, discovered and coined by Stephen Wolfram [1].  This  is  a  determined  simple  cellular  automaton  rule,  easily  describ-able (basically, if the top set of pixels, are present, it computes the pixel below line by line and so on). It can be manipulated on a set of black and white tiles by hand without an ordinary computing machine for instance. I’ll return to this later.Although   academic   scholars   are   trained   not   to   generalise,   para-academics  might  afford  themselves  some  informal  naivety.  So  it  is  that  continental  philosophy  –  a  term  originally  coined  by  Analytic  Philosophers to describe a bunch of people who ‘don’t do what they do’ – has had extremely little to say about computer science and the possible reality of computation.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;AS  someone  who  engages  and  writes  about  art  on  a  consistent  basis,  the  challenge  to  approach  research,  or  even  a  text,  in  the  absence  of  an  object  is  always  a  challenge:  there  is  nothing  to  fall  back  upon  or  anchor  the  work  around.  And  yet,  there  is  often,  too,  an  over-reliance  on the object, as though description alone can redeem the translation of aesthetic experience into language. When writing an account of a work or body of works, whether that be in a review, an artists’ text or academic treatment, the sure sign of ‘bad’ work is to be able only to describe it: the text stops short at an engagement with form. So too the one that relies overly on description, whether by laziness or disinterest: it can never be a good text, or speak to the heart of what it describes. Thus, any effective text must diverge from the object it describes – creating a new object – and at the same time avoid engagement with works that appear to invite only  description.  A  two-fold  negotiation  of  the  object,  then,  is  what  is  needed: objects as not only things to get at, but also things to emphati-cally restrain oneself from. For me this is the whole problem of writing about art: to adhere but also to rebel from the object of study.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;AS  someone  who  engages  and  writes  about  art  on  a  consistent  basis,  the  challenge  to  approach  research,  or  even  a  text,  in  the  absence  of  an  object  is  always  a  challenge:  there  is  nothing  to  fall  back  upon  or  anchor  the  work  around.  And  yet,  there  is  often,  too,  an  over-reliance  on the object, as though description alone can redeem the translation of aesthetic experience into language. When writing an account of a work or body of works, whether that be in a review, an artists’ text or academic treatment, the sure sign of ‘bad’ work is to be able only to describe it: the text stops short at an engagement with form. So too the one that relies overly on description, whether by laziness or disinterest: it can never be a good text, or speak to the heart of what it describes. Thus, any effective text must diverge from the object it describes – creating a new object – and at the same time avoid engagement with works that appear to invite only  description.  A  two-fold  negotiation  of  the  object,  then,  is  what  is  needed: objects as not only things to get at, but also things to emphati-cally restrain oneself from. For me this is the whole problem of writing about art: to adhere but also to rebel from the object of study.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This  project  began  in  2009  as  a  bold  investigation  into  synthesis  and  collaboration that successfully brought together the projects of Badiou and  Negri  –  alongside  Bergson  –  in  a  written  theorisation  of  what  I  called  the  loving  aggregate,  but  which  in  fact  involved  nothing  less  than rethinking the ontology – and temporality – of a radical politics of community  today.  This  project  attempted  to  articulate  the  common  or  collaborative  identity  of  community  not  simply  as  a  nominated  socio-political entity but as an affetive moment of unity established through a recognition of difference&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This  project  began  in  2009  as  a  bold  investigation  into  synthesis  and  collaboration that successfully brought together the projects of Badiou and  Negri  –  alongside  Bergson  –  in  a  written  theorisation  of  what  I  called  the  loving  aggregate,  but  which  in  fact  involved  nothing  less  than rethinking the ontology – and temporality – of a radical politics of community  today.  This  project  attempted  to  articulate  the  common  or  collaborative  identity  of  community  not  simply  as  a  nominated  socio-political entity but as an affetive moment of unity established through a recognition of difference&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Taken from/put in Oscars bin</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Sam Keogh</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Oscar GIVE HIM THE GOODS or he will burn him alive in his bin. He will slash his eyes and force himself to eat a ripped in half coke can and kick his face. No actually give it up or he will hug him. He will love himself and caress himself and spoon him. He will make him watch episodes of glee with him in bed on his own laptop on a wet Sunday afternoon  eating  Monster  Munch  and  Percy  Pigs  and  taking  breaks  between episodes to have lazy sex.— His eyes are large white balls with a large black pupil in the centre never  moves.  Probably  polystyrene  or  plastic  or  something  which  will outlast the rest of his body in the future when he is disposed of and curls into his degradation decay and communion with rubbish. They  are  framed  by  a  furry  brown  unibrow  the  same  texture  but  a  different colour to the rest of his body.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Oscar GIVE HIM THE GOODS or he will burn him alive in his bin. He will slash his eyes and force himself to eat a ripped in half coke can and kick his face. No actually give it up or he will hug him. He will love himself and caress himself and spoon him. He will make him watch episodes of glee with him in bed on his own laptop on a wet Sunday afternoon  eating  Monster  Munch  and  Percy  Pigs  and  taking  breaks  between episodes to have lazy sex.— His eyes are large white balls with a large black pupil in the centre never  moves.  Probably  polystyrene  or  plastic  or  something  which  will outlast the rest of his body in the future when he is disposed of and curls into his degradation decay and communion with rubbish. They  are  framed  by  a  furry  brown  unibrow  the  same  texture  but  a  different colour to the rest of his body.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">How to make space-time and influence people</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Isabel Nolan</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;ADRIENNE  Rich  in  1977  wrote  that  women  students  speaking  in  public  often  ‘throw  their  words  away’  unconsciously  advertising  that they think they ‘do not deserve to take up time and space’[1].  Reading this recently I couldn’t help but think that this is the opposite of what artworks  do – they not only act as if they deserve to take up space and time, they actually produce it. As a maker and viewer of artworks what follows from this, is an inference that I’m still endeav-oring  to  find  a  way  to  articulate,  which  is,  that  artworks  somehow  make reality.The idea that art works produce space time is not new – but I believe the most compelling artworks do this, not out of some necessity, or in the service of some formula, but perversely and stubbornly, they can do it abjectly or with great self importance, but chiefly they do it in ways that are not constructive, utilitarian or purposive. This art is  complex,  it  is  not  reasonable,  good  for  us  or  useful,  it  does  not  establish facts or speak to definitive conclusions. The artwork is not an agent and yet it performs a speculation&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;ADRIENNE  Rich  in  1977  wrote  that  women  students  speaking  in  public  often  ‘throw  their  words  away’  unconsciously  advertising  that they think they ‘do not deserve to take up time and space’[1].  Reading this recently I couldn’t help but think that this is the opposite of what artworks  do – they not only act as if they deserve to take up space and time, they actually produce it. As a maker and viewer of artworks what follows from this, is an inference that I’m still endeav-oring  to  find  a  way  to  articulate,  which  is,  that  artworks  somehow  make reality.The idea that art works produce space time is not new – but I believe the most compelling artworks do this, not out of some necessity, or in the service of some formula, but perversely and stubbornly, they can do it abjectly or with great self importance, but chiefly they do it in ways that are not constructive, utilitarian or purposive. This art is  complex,  it  is  not  reasonable,  good  for  us  or  useful,  it  does  not  establish facts or speak to definitive conclusions. The artwork is not an agent and yet it performs a speculation&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">‘[os mentis] mouth to mouth’ with Nicola Masciandaro</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Edia Connole</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>National College of Art and Design</Affiliation>
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          <PersonName>Scott Wilson</PersonName>
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              <AffiliationIDType>40</AffiliationIDType>
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            <Affiliation>Kingston University, London</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;THE   British   playwright   and   wit   Noel   Coward   once   quipped   that   having to read a footnote was like having to go down stairs to answer the  door  while  having  sex;  in  fact,  he  didn’t  say  ‘having  sex,’  he  said  ‘making love’ [i]. As if to further cement this distinction, in expressing his own trepidation at tackling the subject of ‘notes,’ in his work Paratext, the literary theorist Gerard Ginette described them as the ‘mediocre attached to the beautiful’ [ii]. ‘[O]ften so closely connected to a given detail of a given text,’ for Ginette, notes are ‘crumbly, not to say dust-like’ objects, with  no  autonomous  significance;  ‘hence,’  he  suggests,  ‘our  uneasi-ness in taking hold of them’ [iii]. And yet ‘there is,’ for some, ‘no line of narration  more  concrete  than  a  stream  of  dust  particles,’  ‘each...  with  it[s]  unique  vision  of  matter,  movement,  collectivity,  interaction,  affect,  differentiation,  composition  and  infinite  darkness’;  the  annotations  of  a  text,  in  this  respect,  form  ‘a  crystallised  data-base  or  a  plot  ready  to  combine and react, to be narrated on and through something’ [iv].&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;THE   British   playwright   and   wit   Noel   Coward   once   quipped   that   having to read a footnote was like having to go down stairs to answer the  door  while  having  sex;  in  fact,  he  didn’t  say  ‘having  sex,’  he  said  ‘making love’ [i]. As if to further cement this distinction, in expressing his own trepidation at tackling the subject of ‘notes,’ in his work Paratext, the literary theorist Gerard Ginette described them as the ‘mediocre attached to the beautiful’ [ii]. ‘[O]ften so closely connected to a given detail of a given text,’ for Ginette, notes are ‘crumbly, not to say dust-like’ objects, with  no  autonomous  significance;  ‘hence,’  he  suggests,  ‘our  uneasi-ness in taking hold of them’ [iii]. And yet ‘there is,’ for some, ‘no line of narration  more  concrete  than  a  stream  of  dust  particles,’  ‘each...  with  it[s]  unique  vision  of  matter,  movement,  collectivity,  interaction,  affect,  differentiation,  composition  and  infinite  darkness’;  the  annotations  of  a  text,  in  this  respect,  form  ‘a  crystallised  data-base  or  a  plot  ready  to  combine and react, to be narrated on and through something’ [iv].&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <PersonName>MOUTH</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Sweet Dreams Are Made of This</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Speculation</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Ridvan Askin</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>University of Basel</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;THE  aim  of  this  paper  is  to  bring  together  literary  narration  and  philosophical speculation in an attempt to show how these seemingly divergent  fields  in  fact  mutually  inform  one  another[1].  In  order  to  do  so,  I  will  use  Ana  Castillo’s  1986  novel  The  Mixquiahuala  Letters  as  my  tutor text [2].The  Mixquiahuala  Letters  recounts  its  protagonists  Teresa  and  Alicia’s  travels  to  and  adventures  in  Mexico  and  is  usually  read  in  terms  of  a  quest  for  Chicana  identity  and  independence  [3].  Against  this  estab-lished  consensus  view  I  hold  that  identity  is  merely  the  starting  point  of  the  narrative  which  in  fact  embarks  on  a  journey  of  disintegration,  differentiation  and  dissolution  both  in  terms  of  content  and  form.  This  disintegration and dissolution constitutes the novel’s speculative explo-ration of its very own constitution as narrative. This exploration is most prominently expressed in the novel’s monologic epistolarity (it consists of 40 letters), its hypertextual form (it presents three distinct possibilities of  actualisation  of  its  story  matter)  and  in  the  structural and thematic importance of sleeping and  dreaming.  For  the  present  essay,  I  will  confine  myself  to  this  third  characteristic  and  show  how  the  novel  casts  dreams  as  acts  of  speculation  while  simultaneously  presenting  itself  precisely  as  such  an  act  of  speculative  dreaming  [4].  Since  it  does  this  by  means  of  narrative this leads me to postulate the correla-tion of speculation and narration.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;THE  aim  of  this  paper  is  to  bring  together  literary  narration  and  philosophical speculation in an attempt to show how these seemingly divergent  fields  in  fact  mutually  inform  one  another[1].  In  order  to  do  so,  I  will  use  Ana  Castillo’s  1986  novel  The  Mixquiahuala  Letters  as  my  tutor text [2].The  Mixquiahuala  Letters  recounts  its  protagonists  Teresa  and  Alicia’s  travels  to  and  adventures  in  Mexico  and  is  usually  read  in  terms  of  a  quest  for  Chicana  identity  and  independence  [3].  Against  this  estab-lished  consensus  view  I  hold  that  identity  is  merely  the  starting  point  of  the  narrative  which  in  fact  embarks  on  a  journey  of  disintegration,  differentiation  and  dissolution  both  in  terms  of  content  and  form.  This  disintegration and dissolution constitutes the novel’s speculative explo-ration of its very own constitution as narrative. This exploration is most prominently expressed in the novel’s monologic epistolarity (it consists of 40 letters), its hypertextual form (it presents three distinct possibilities of  actualisation  of  its  story  matter)  and  in  the  structural and thematic importance of sleeping and  dreaming.  For  the  present  essay,  I  will  confine  myself  to  this  third  characteristic  and  show  how  the  novel  casts  dreams  as  acts  of  speculation  while  simultaneously  presenting  itself  precisely  as  such  an  act  of  speculative  dreaming  [4].  Since  it  does  this  by  means  of  narrative this leads me to postulate the correla-tion of speculation and narration.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Askin, Ridvan</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">All that is liquid melts into solid</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>John Ryan</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;THIS  paper  is  a  compilation  of  notes  and  thoughts  in  response  to  the  brief of Weaponising Speculation. It is a paper that is written in the way that  I  write  best,  erratically,  with  fluctuating  styles  –  I  am  not  a  writer,  I’m an artist.I make objects that are large lumps of vibrant matter made from the mate-rial oil paint. I am often referred to as a painter, although I don’t believe I fit into this category. In the term painter, there is a suggestion that the subject is tied to a strict, and perhaps conservative tradition. Materially I am tied to this tradition, as I invest in well developed tools that are made for very specific tasks. But my methodology is thought driven. I have no interest in imagery, or the abstract that has no base in reality. Because of a very specific logic that I apply to art making I seem to have stumbled into  this  Speculative  Realist  and  Object  Oriented  bracket,  happening  through no intentions of my own. I have only been aware of continental and analytic philosophy for about a year and a half now. I have spent a lot of my time since then trying to catch up on things which are seemingly relevant, and it seems that there are a lot of parallels, and a lot of similar questions,  problems  and  ideas  are  being  posed.  Historically,  it  seems  that art often mimics, or at least is influenced by, current thought at the time of its production. Since Marcel Duchamp, and his value of thought over  aesthetic  which  transformed  art  into  something  of  value  not  only  to the eyes but also to the mind, it was only a matter of time before art and philosophy started to crossover. Perhaps one day, academically, they could  amalgamate  into  one  system  of  ideas,  but  at  the  moment  I  feel  there are problems with this. There are definite rules at play in engaging with art that just don’t translate into theory, and vice versa I presume. An artist  can  have  all  the  theory  to  back  there  argument  up,  but  for  some  reason their art is weak. I can’t delve into this theoretically, because I’m not  a  theorist,  but  I  do  look  at  a  lot  of  art  and  generally  speaking,  can  didactically explain why an art isn’t working.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;THIS  paper  is  a  compilation  of  notes  and  thoughts  in  response  to  the  brief of Weaponising Speculation. It is a paper that is written in the way that  I  write  best,  erratically,  with  fluctuating  styles  –  I  am  not  a  writer,  I’m an artist.I make objects that are large lumps of vibrant matter made from the mate-rial oil paint. I am often referred to as a painter, although I don’t believe I fit into this category. In the term painter, there is a suggestion that the subject is tied to a strict, and perhaps conservative tradition. Materially I am tied to this tradition, as I invest in well developed tools that are made for very specific tasks. But my methodology is thought driven. I have no interest in imagery, or the abstract that has no base in reality. Because of a very specific logic that I apply to art making I seem to have stumbled into  this  Speculative  Realist  and  Object  Oriented  bracket,  happening  through no intentions of my own. I have only been aware of continental and analytic philosophy for about a year and a half now. I have spent a lot of my time since then trying to catch up on things which are seemingly relevant, and it seems that there are a lot of parallels, and a lot of similar questions,  problems  and  ideas  are  being  posed.  Historically,  it  seems  that art often mimics, or at least is influenced by, current thought at the time of its production. Since Marcel Duchamp, and his value of thought over  aesthetic  which  transformed  art  into  something  of  value  not  only  to the eyes but also to the mind, it was only a matter of time before art and philosophy started to crossover. Perhaps one day, academically, they could  amalgamate  into  one  system  of  ideas,  but  at  the  moment  I  feel  there are problems with this. There are definite rules at play in engaging with art that just don’t translate into theory, and vice versa I presume. An artist  can  have  all  the  theory  to  back  there  argument  up,  but  for  some  reason their art is weak. I can’t delve into this theoretically, because I’m not  a  theorist,  but  I  do  look  at  a  lot  of  art  and  generally  speaking,  can  didactically explain why an art isn’t working.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;A mutant subsists within contemporary continental theory. It endures on ridicule, horror, skepticism, comedy, excess, and groundless specula-tion.  Conspiracy  and  contingency  are  at  once  its  detraction  and  tactic.  This  mutant  tricks  unconditionally  as  an  interpreter  and  paradoxical  maker of meaning. It is what I call here: Optimistic Absurdity.Absurdist philosophy has been haunted by its ancestral considerations as nihilist, meaningless, and devastatingly regressive. My responsibility and  intention  here  is  not  to  deny  any  of  those  potent  conditions  –  it  is  rather  to  reveal  how  it  can  operate  as  a  form  of  metaphysical  infiltra-tion  when  contemplated  under  object  orientated  ontology,  continental  realism,  post-secular  occasionalism,  and  aesthetics.  This  is  what  Ray  Brassier may define as a ‘speculative opportunity’.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;A mutant subsists within contemporary continental theory. It endures on ridicule, horror, skepticism, comedy, excess, and groundless specula-tion.  Conspiracy  and  contingency  are  at  once  its  detraction  and  tactic.  This  mutant  tricks  unconditionally  as  an  interpreter  and  paradoxical  maker of meaning. It is what I call here: Optimistic Absurdity.Absurdist philosophy has been haunted by its ancestral considerations as nihilist, meaningless, and devastatingly regressive. My responsibility and  intention  here  is  not  to  deny  any  of  those  potent  conditions  –  it  is  rather  to  reveal  how  it  can  operate  as  a  form  of  metaphysical  infiltra-tion  when  contemplated  under  object  orientated  ontology,  continental  realism,  post-secular  occasionalism,  and  aesthetics.  This  is  what  Ray  Brassier may define as a ‘speculative opportunity’.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;THIS  essay  proposes  a  relation  between  contemporary  painting  and  Manuel  DeLanda’s  Deleuzian  inspired  materialist  ontology.  However,  my  approach  does  not  negotiate  direct  relations  with  contemporary  painting,  instead  seeks  to  investigate  structure-generating  processes  that are common to both non-human geological expressivity and human mediums  of  expressivity.  Through  a  speculative  use  of  the  concept  of  mineralisation, the relation between the materiality of fossilisation and the  immateriality  of  sensation  will  be  configured  through  temporalities  of emergence.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;THIS  essay  proposes  a  relation  between  contemporary  painting  and  Manuel  DeLanda’s  Deleuzian  inspired  materialist  ontology.  However,  my  approach  does  not  negotiate  direct  relations  with  contemporary  painting,  instead  seeks  to  investigate  structure-generating  processes  that are common to both non-human geological expressivity and human mediums  of  expressivity.  Through  a  speculative  use  of  the  concept  of  mineralisation, the relation between the materiality of fossilisation and the  immateriality  of  sensation  will  be  configured  through  temporalities  of emergence.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;BRACKETING  the  taxonomic  controversies  surrounding  Speculative  Realism (is it a species of thought, how many subclasses are there, does it  cohere  at  all?)  one  can  assert  that  the  rhetorical  if  not  argumenta-tive  core  of  Quentin  Meillassoux’s  reopening  of  the  ‘great  outdoors’  has been, and continues to be, a pervasive trajectory in contemporary thinking.  This  wilderness  is  differently  carved  according  to  varying  rubrics: the proliferation of entities (Harman), the unbinding of the tran-scendental  power  of  thought  (Brassier),  the  absolutisation  of  facticity  (Meillassoux),  and  the  precedence  of  being-as-nature  prior  to  thinking  (Grant).  I  wish  to  argue,  unsurprisingly,  for  the  importance  of  Grant’s  model for speculatively navigating the spaces of nature. Grant’s position is fortified, I would argue, by the utilisation of Peirce’s continuum and the numerous  thinkers  of  the  geometric-cognitive  (geo-cog)  turn  who  cast  alliances,  however  obliquely  at  times,  with  Schelling  and  the  project  of  Naturphilosophie.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;BRACKETING  the  taxonomic  controversies  surrounding  Speculative  Realism (is it a species of thought, how many subclasses are there, does it  cohere  at  all?)  one  can  assert  that  the  rhetorical  if  not  argumenta-tive  core  of  Quentin  Meillassoux’s  reopening  of  the  ‘great  outdoors’  has been, and continues to be, a pervasive trajectory in contemporary thinking.  This  wilderness  is  differently  carved  according  to  varying  rubrics: the proliferation of entities (Harman), the unbinding of the tran-scendental  power  of  thought  (Brassier),  the  absolutisation  of  facticity  (Meillassoux),  and  the  precedence  of  being-as-nature  prior  to  thinking  (Grant).  I  wish  to  argue,  unsurprisingly,  for  the  importance  of  Grant’s  model for speculatively navigating the spaces of nature. Grant’s position is fortified, I would argue, by the utilisation of Peirce’s continuum and the numerous  thinkers  of  the  geometric-cognitive  (geo-cog)  turn  who  cast  alliances,  however  obliquely  at  times,  with  Schelling  and  the  project  of  Naturphilosophie.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;THE  image  is  from  Lars  von  Trier’s  film  Antichrist  [1]  –  indeed  it  pro-vided  the  basis  for  the  promotional  poster.  I’m  not  going  to  talk  about  the famously phobic director today, but wish simply to indicate how the image and indeed the film ‘weaponises’ phobia, which is to say turns it into  an  offensive  rather  than  defensive  weapon.  Initially  it  would  seem  that  phobia  is  defensive  in  that  it  crystallises  in  an  object  an  indefinite  fear  or  anxiety,  a  crystallisation  that  supports  the  process  of  individua-tion which senses mortal danger from the very universe that has given rise to it. As Freud suggested in his case study on Little Hans, phobia is an  effect  of  the  question  that  being  raises  for  the  subject  ‘from  where  he  was  before  the  subject  came  into  the  world’  [2].  Anxiety  occurs  the  moment discontinuity apprehends the vulnerability of its existence in the presence  of  a  voracious  outside,  an  order,  momentarily,  of  exteriority  that would return existence to the infinite continuity of intimate violence (there are plenty of mothers who eat their offspring).&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;THE  image  is  from  Lars  von  Trier’s  film  Antichrist  [1]  –  indeed  it  pro-vided  the  basis  for  the  promotional  poster.  I’m  not  going  to  talk  about  the famously phobic director today, but wish simply to indicate how the image and indeed the film ‘weaponises’ phobia, which is to say turns it into  an  offensive  rather  than  defensive  weapon.  Initially  it  would  seem  that  phobia  is  defensive  in  that  it  crystallises  in  an  object  an  indefinite  fear  or  anxiety,  a  crystallisation  that  supports  the  process  of  individua-tion which senses mortal danger from the very universe that has given rise to it. As Freud suggested in his case study on Little Hans, phobia is an  effect  of  the  question  that  being  raises  for  the  subject  ‘from  where  he  was  before  the  subject  came  into  the  world’  [2].  Anxiety  occurs  the  moment discontinuity apprehends the vulnerability of its existence in the presence  of  a  voracious  outside,  an  order,  momentarily,  of  exteriority  that would return existence to the infinite continuity of intimate violence (there are plenty of mothers who eat their offspring).&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This book contains the proceedings from Weaponising Speculation, a two-day conference and exhibition that took place in Dublin in March 2013. Weaponising Speculation was organised by D.U.S.T. (Dublin Unit for Speculative Thought) and aimed to be an exploration of the various expressions of DIY theory operative in the elsewheres, the shafts and tunnels of the para-academy. The topics covered all come under the welcoming embrace of speculation, spanning a broad range: from art, philosophy, nature, fiction, and computation to spiders, culinary cosmology, and Oscar the Grouch. The book itself aims to be more than just a collection of essays and catalogue of artworks, but also a documentation of the event as a whole. An object that both those present at the event and those who missed it would want to own — bringing something new to both sets of readers&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This book contains the proceedings from Weaponising Speculation, a two-day conference and exhibition that took place in Dublin in March 2013. Weaponising Speculation was organised by D.U.S.T. (Dublin Unit for Speculative Thought) and aimed to be an exploration of the various expressions of DIY theory operative in the elsewheres, the shafts and tunnels of the para-academy. The topics covered all come under the welcoming embrace of speculation, spanning a broad range: from art, philosophy, nature, fiction, and computation to spiders, culinary cosmology, and Oscar the Grouch. The book itself aims to be more than just a collection of essays and catalogue of artworks, but also a documentation of the event as a whole. An object that both those present at the event and those who missed it would want to own — bringing something new to both sets of readers&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;THE  Dublin  Unit  for  Speculative  Thought  is  an  art/theory  collective  which  was  formed  in  late  2012  by  Paul  Ennis,  Fintan  Neylan  and  Michael  O’Rourke.  The  impetus  behind  our  coming together was a shared emphasis in our work  and  our  thinking  on  speculative  realism  and  a  mutual  antipathy  towards  and  marginal  position  vis-à-vis  the  academy  qua  institution.  Initially,  we  could  agree  that  the  main  things  we  had  a  fidelity  to  were  speculative  realisms  (broadly conceived) and para-academic modes of  thinking  which  could  be  deployed  in  a  DIY  fashion  outside  the  walls  of  and  alongside  (even  parasitical  on)  the  business  as  usual  operations of the academy. There is very little that  theoretically  we  three  have  in  common.  Paul did a dissertation on Heidegger but is now mostly  aligned  with  a  bleak  theoretical  posi-tion. Fintan also began with Heidegger but his work now focuses on the philosophy of Manuel DeLanda.  Michael  comes  from  a  background  in  literary  theory  and  his  writing  is  heavily  underpinned    by    Derridean    deconstruction.    While these are highly reductive accounts – for the sake of shorthand – of our three theoretical and  philosophical  trajectories  they  do  serve  to  demonstrate  that  there  is  not  some  unified  agenda  which  DUST  was  brought  about  to  serve  or  promulgate.  Quite  the  contrary;  it  illustrates that DUST is, in fact, a collective (in the  truest  sense)  which  has  as  its  mission  the  ‘opening’ up of speculative realism and of philo-sophical thinking more broadly. From our para-academic   (non-   and   even   anti-institutional)   position  we  can  afford  not  to  hitch  ourselves  to any particular strand of speculative realism. As  the  quotations  above  (chosen  completely  at random) attest, DUST interests itself in and opens itself to the widest possible spectrum of thought:  continental  realism,  accelerationism,  post-continental thought, weird fiction, Object Oriented Ontology, posthumanism, new mater-ialisms,    transcendental    materialism,    actor    network theory, non-philosophy, eliminativism, dark   vitalism,   assemblage   theory,   transcen-dental nihilism, dark  or xeno-phenomenology (the list could go on...).&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;THE  Dublin  Unit  for  Speculative  Thought  is  an  art/theory  collective  which  was  formed  in  late  2012  by  Paul  Ennis,  Fintan  Neylan  and  Michael  O’Rourke.  The  impetus  behind  our  coming together was a shared emphasis in our work  and  our  thinking  on  speculative  realism  and  a  mutual  antipathy  towards  and  marginal  position  vis-à-vis  the  academy  qua  institution.  Initially,  we  could  agree  that  the  main  things  we  had  a  fidelity  to  were  speculative  realisms  (broadly conceived) and para-academic modes of  thinking  which  could  be  deployed  in  a  DIY  fashion  outside  the  walls  of  and  alongside  (even  parasitical  on)  the  business  as  usual  operations of the academy. There is very little that  theoretically  we  three  have  in  common.  Paul did a dissertation on Heidegger but is now mostly  aligned  with  a  bleak  theoretical  posi-tion. Fintan also began with Heidegger but his work now focuses on the philosophy of Manuel DeLanda.  Michael  comes  from  a  background  in  literary  theory  and  his  writing  is  heavily  underpinned    by    Derridean    deconstruction.    While these are highly reductive accounts – for the sake of shorthand – of our three theoretical and  philosophical  trajectories  they  do  serve  to  demonstrate  that  there  is  not  some  unified  agenda  which  DUST  was  brought  about  to  serve  or  promulgate.  Quite  the  contrary;  it  illustrates that DUST is, in fact, a collective (in the  truest  sense)  which  has  as  its  mission  the  ‘opening’ up of speculative realism and of philo-sophical thinking more broadly. From our para-academic   (non-   and   even   anti-institutional)   position  we  can  afford  not  to  hitch  ourselves  to any particular strand of speculative realism. As  the  quotations  above  (chosen  completely  at random) attest, DUST interests itself in and opens itself to the widest possible spectrum of thought:  continental  realism,  accelerationism,  post-continental thought, weird fiction, Object Oriented Ontology, posthumanism, new mater-ialisms,    transcendental    materialism,    actor    network theory, non-philosophy, eliminativism, dark   vitalism,   assemblage   theory,   transcen-dental nihilism, dark  or xeno-phenomenology (the list could go on...).&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;FIRST  off,  I  would  like  the  reader  to  examine  this  computer  function.  This is a rule called Rule 30, discovered and coined by Stephen Wolfram [1].  This  is  a  determined  simple  cellular  automaton  rule,  easily  describ-able (basically, if the top set of pixels, are present, it computes the pixel below line by line and so on). It can be manipulated on a set of black and white tiles by hand without an ordinary computing machine for instance. I’ll return to this later.Although   academic   scholars   are   trained   not   to   generalise,   para-academics  might  afford  themselves  some  informal  naivety.  So  it  is  that  continental  philosophy  –  a  term  originally  coined  by  Analytic  Philosophers to describe a bunch of people who ‘don’t do what they do’ – has had extremely little to say about computer science and the possible reality of computation.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;FIRST  off,  I  would  like  the  reader  to  examine  this  computer  function.  This is a rule called Rule 30, discovered and coined by Stephen Wolfram [1].  This  is  a  determined  simple  cellular  automaton  rule,  easily  describ-able (basically, if the top set of pixels, are present, it computes the pixel below line by line and so on). It can be manipulated on a set of black and white tiles by hand without an ordinary computing machine for instance. I’ll return to this later.Although   academic   scholars   are   trained   not   to   generalise,   para-academics  might  afford  themselves  some  informal  naivety.  So  it  is  that  continental  philosophy  –  a  term  originally  coined  by  Analytic  Philosophers to describe a bunch of people who ‘don’t do what they do’ – has had extremely little to say about computer science and the possible reality of computation.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;AS  someone  who  engages  and  writes  about  art  on  a  consistent  basis,  the  challenge  to  approach  research,  or  even  a  text,  in  the  absence  of  an  object  is  always  a  challenge:  there  is  nothing  to  fall  back  upon  or  anchor  the  work  around.  And  yet,  there  is  often,  too,  an  over-reliance  on the object, as though description alone can redeem the translation of aesthetic experience into language. When writing an account of a work or body of works, whether that be in a review, an artists’ text or academic treatment, the sure sign of ‘bad’ work is to be able only to describe it: the text stops short at an engagement with form. So too the one that relies overly on description, whether by laziness or disinterest: it can never be a good text, or speak to the heart of what it describes. Thus, any effective text must diverge from the object it describes – creating a new object – and at the same time avoid engagement with works that appear to invite only  description.  A  two-fold  negotiation  of  the  object,  then,  is  what  is  needed: objects as not only things to get at, but also things to emphati-cally restrain oneself from. For me this is the whole problem of writing about art: to adhere but also to rebel from the object of study.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;AS  someone  who  engages  and  writes  about  art  on  a  consistent  basis,  the  challenge  to  approach  research,  or  even  a  text,  in  the  absence  of  an  object  is  always  a  challenge:  there  is  nothing  to  fall  back  upon  or  anchor  the  work  around.  And  yet,  there  is  often,  too,  an  over-reliance  on the object, as though description alone can redeem the translation of aesthetic experience into language. When writing an account of a work or body of works, whether that be in a review, an artists’ text or academic treatment, the sure sign of ‘bad’ work is to be able only to describe it: the text stops short at an engagement with form. So too the one that relies overly on description, whether by laziness or disinterest: it can never be a good text, or speak to the heart of what it describes. Thus, any effective text must diverge from the object it describes – creating a new object – and at the same time avoid engagement with works that appear to invite only  description.  A  two-fold  negotiation  of  the  object,  then,  is  what  is  needed: objects as not only things to get at, but also things to emphati-cally restrain oneself from. For me this is the whole problem of writing about art: to adhere but also to rebel from the object of study.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This  project  began  in  2009  as  a  bold  investigation  into  synthesis  and  collaboration that successfully brought together the projects of Badiou and  Negri  –  alongside  Bergson  –  in  a  written  theorisation  of  what  I  called  the  loving  aggregate,  but  which  in  fact  involved  nothing  less  than rethinking the ontology – and temporality – of a radical politics of community  today.  This  project  attempted  to  articulate  the  common  or  collaborative  identity  of  community  not  simply  as  a  nominated  socio-political entity but as an affetive moment of unity established through a recognition of difference&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;This  project  began  in  2009  as  a  bold  investigation  into  synthesis  and  collaboration that successfully brought together the projects of Badiou and  Negri  –  alongside  Bergson  –  in  a  written  theorisation  of  what  I  called  the  loving  aggregate,  but  which  in  fact  involved  nothing  less  than rethinking the ontology – and temporality – of a radical politics of community  today.  This  project  attempted  to  articulate  the  common  or  collaborative  identity  of  community  not  simply  as  a  nominated  socio-political entity but as an affetive moment of unity established through a recognition of difference&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Taken from/put in Oscars bin</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Sam Keogh</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Oscar GIVE HIM THE GOODS or he will burn him alive in his bin. He will slash his eyes and force himself to eat a ripped in half coke can and kick his face. No actually give it up or he will hug him. He will love himself and caress himself and spoon him. He will make him watch episodes of glee with him in bed on his own laptop on a wet Sunday afternoon  eating  Monster  Munch  and  Percy  Pigs  and  taking  breaks  between episodes to have lazy sex.— His eyes are large white balls with a large black pupil in the centre never  moves.  Probably  polystyrene  or  plastic  or  something  which  will outlast the rest of his body in the future when he is disposed of and curls into his degradation decay and communion with rubbish. They  are  framed  by  a  furry  brown  unibrow  the  same  texture  but  a  different colour to the rest of his body.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Oscar GIVE HIM THE GOODS or he will burn him alive in his bin. He will slash his eyes and force himself to eat a ripped in half coke can and kick his face. No actually give it up or he will hug him. He will love himself and caress himself and spoon him. He will make him watch episodes of glee with him in bed on his own laptop on a wet Sunday afternoon  eating  Monster  Munch  and  Percy  Pigs  and  taking  breaks  between episodes to have lazy sex.— His eyes are large white balls with a large black pupil in the centre never  moves.  Probably  polystyrene  or  plastic  or  something  which  will outlast the rest of his body in the future when he is disposed of and curls into his degradation decay and communion with rubbish. They  are  framed  by  a  furry  brown  unibrow  the  same  texture  but  a  different colour to the rest of his body.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">How to make space-time and influence people</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Isabel Nolan</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;ADRIENNE  Rich  in  1977  wrote  that  women  students  speaking  in  public  often  ‘throw  their  words  away’  unconsciously  advertising  that they think they ‘do not deserve to take up time and space’[1].  Reading this recently I couldn’t help but think that this is the opposite of what artworks  do – they not only act as if they deserve to take up space and time, they actually produce it. As a maker and viewer of artworks what follows from this, is an inference that I’m still endeav-oring  to  find  a  way  to  articulate,  which  is,  that  artworks  somehow  make reality.The idea that art works produce space time is not new – but I believe the most compelling artworks do this, not out of some necessity, or in the service of some formula, but perversely and stubbornly, they can do it abjectly or with great self importance, but chiefly they do it in ways that are not constructive, utilitarian or purposive. This art is  complex,  it  is  not  reasonable,  good  for  us  or  useful,  it  does  not  establish facts or speak to definitive conclusions. The artwork is not an agent and yet it performs a speculation&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;ADRIENNE  Rich  in  1977  wrote  that  women  students  speaking  in  public  often  ‘throw  their  words  away’  unconsciously  advertising  that they think they ‘do not deserve to take up time and space’[1].  Reading this recently I couldn’t help but think that this is the opposite of what artworks  do – they not only act as if they deserve to take up space and time, they actually produce it. As a maker and viewer of artworks what follows from this, is an inference that I’m still endeav-oring  to  find  a  way  to  articulate,  which  is,  that  artworks  somehow  make reality.The idea that art works produce space time is not new – but I believe the most compelling artworks do this, not out of some necessity, or in the service of some formula, but perversely and stubbornly, they can do it abjectly or with great self importance, but chiefly they do it in ways that are not constructive, utilitarian or purposive. This art is  complex,  it  is  not  reasonable,  good  for  us  or  useful,  it  does  not  establish facts or speak to definitive conclusions. The artwork is not an agent and yet it performs a speculation&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <TitleText language="eng">‘[os mentis] mouth to mouth’ with Nicola Masciandaro</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>Edia Connole</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>National College of Art and Design</Affiliation>
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          <PersonName>Scott Wilson</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>Kingston University, London</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;THE   British   playwright   and   wit   Noel   Coward   once   quipped   that   having to read a footnote was like having to go down stairs to answer the  door  while  having  sex;  in  fact,  he  didn’t  say  ‘having  sex,’  he  said  ‘making love’ [i]. As if to further cement this distinction, in expressing his own trepidation at tackling the subject of ‘notes,’ in his work Paratext, the literary theorist Gerard Ginette described them as the ‘mediocre attached to the beautiful’ [ii]. ‘[O]ften so closely connected to a given detail of a given text,’ for Ginette, notes are ‘crumbly, not to say dust-like’ objects, with  no  autonomous  significance;  ‘hence,’  he  suggests,  ‘our  uneasi-ness in taking hold of them’ [iii]. And yet ‘there is,’ for some, ‘no line of narration  more  concrete  than  a  stream  of  dust  particles,’  ‘each...  with  it[s]  unique  vision  of  matter,  movement,  collectivity,  interaction,  affect,  differentiation,  composition  and  infinite  darkness’;  the  annotations  of  a  text,  in  this  respect,  form  ‘a  crystallised  data-base  or  a  plot  ready  to  combine and react, to be narrated on and through something’ [iv].&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;THE   British   playwright   and   wit   Noel   Coward   once   quipped   that   having to read a footnote was like having to go down stairs to answer the  door  while  having  sex;  in  fact,  he  didn’t  say  ‘having  sex,’  he  said  ‘making love’ [i]. As if to further cement this distinction, in expressing his own trepidation at tackling the subject of ‘notes,’ in his work Paratext, the literary theorist Gerard Ginette described them as the ‘mediocre attached to the beautiful’ [ii]. ‘[O]ften so closely connected to a given detail of a given text,’ for Ginette, notes are ‘crumbly, not to say dust-like’ objects, with  no  autonomous  significance;  ‘hence,’  he  suggests,  ‘our  uneasi-ness in taking hold of them’ [iii]. And yet ‘there is,’ for some, ‘no line of narration  more  concrete  than  a  stream  of  dust  particles,’  ‘each...  with  it[s]  unique  vision  of  matter,  movement,  collectivity,  interaction,  affect,  differentiation,  composition  and  infinite  darkness’;  the  annotations  of  a  text,  in  this  respect,  form  ‘a  crystallised  data-base  or  a  plot  ready  to  combine and react, to be narrated on and through something’ [iv].&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <PersonName>MOUTH</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">Sweet Dreams Are Made of This</TitleText>
            <Subtitle language="eng">Speculation</Subtitle>
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          <PersonName>Ridvan Askin</PersonName>
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            <Affiliation>University of Basel</Affiliation>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;THE  aim  of  this  paper  is  to  bring  together  literary  narration  and  philosophical speculation in an attempt to show how these seemingly divergent  fields  in  fact  mutually  inform  one  another[1].  In  order  to  do  so,  I  will  use  Ana  Castillo’s  1986  novel  The  Mixquiahuala  Letters  as  my  tutor text [2].The  Mixquiahuala  Letters  recounts  its  protagonists  Teresa  and  Alicia’s  travels  to  and  adventures  in  Mexico  and  is  usually  read  in  terms  of  a  quest  for  Chicana  identity  and  independence  [3].  Against  this  estab-lished  consensus  view  I  hold  that  identity  is  merely  the  starting  point  of  the  narrative  which  in  fact  embarks  on  a  journey  of  disintegration,  differentiation  and  dissolution  both  in  terms  of  content  and  form.  This  disintegration and dissolution constitutes the novel’s speculative explo-ration of its very own constitution as narrative. This exploration is most prominently expressed in the novel’s monologic epistolarity (it consists of 40 letters), its hypertextual form (it presents three distinct possibilities of  actualisation  of  its  story  matter)  and  in  the  structural and thematic importance of sleeping and  dreaming.  For  the  present  essay,  I  will  confine  myself  to  this  third  characteristic  and  show  how  the  novel  casts  dreams  as  acts  of  speculation  while  simultaneously  presenting  itself  precisely  as  such  an  act  of  speculative  dreaming  [4].  Since  it  does  this  by  means  of  narrative this leads me to postulate the correla-tion of speculation and narration.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;THE  aim  of  this  paper  is  to  bring  together  literary  narration  and  philosophical speculation in an attempt to show how these seemingly divergent  fields  in  fact  mutually  inform  one  another[1].  In  order  to  do  so,  I  will  use  Ana  Castillo’s  1986  novel  The  Mixquiahuala  Letters  as  my  tutor text [2].The  Mixquiahuala  Letters  recounts  its  protagonists  Teresa  and  Alicia’s  travels  to  and  adventures  in  Mexico  and  is  usually  read  in  terms  of  a  quest  for  Chicana  identity  and  independence  [3].  Against  this  estab-lished  consensus  view  I  hold  that  identity  is  merely  the  starting  point  of  the  narrative  which  in  fact  embarks  on  a  journey  of  disintegration,  differentiation  and  dissolution  both  in  terms  of  content  and  form.  This  disintegration and dissolution constitutes the novel’s speculative explo-ration of its very own constitution as narrative. This exploration is most prominently expressed in the novel’s monologic epistolarity (it consists of 40 letters), its hypertextual form (it presents three distinct possibilities of  actualisation  of  its  story  matter)  and  in  the  structural and thematic importance of sleeping and  dreaming.  For  the  present  essay,  I  will  confine  myself  to  this  third  characteristic  and  show  how  the  novel  casts  dreams  as  acts  of  speculation  while  simultaneously  presenting  itself  precisely  as  such  an  act  of  speculative  dreaming  [4].  Since  it  does  this  by  means  of  narrative this leads me to postulate the correla-tion of speculation and narration.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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            <PersonName>Askin, Ridvan</PersonName>
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            <TitleText language="eng">All that is liquid melts into solid</TitleText>
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          <PersonName>John Ryan</PersonName>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;THIS  paper  is  a  compilation  of  notes  and  thoughts  in  response  to  the  brief of Weaponising Speculation. It is a paper that is written in the way that  I  write  best,  erratically,  with  fluctuating  styles  –  I  am  not  a  writer,  I’m an artist.I make objects that are large lumps of vibrant matter made from the mate-rial oil paint. I am often referred to as a painter, although I don’t believe I fit into this category. In the term painter, there is a suggestion that the subject is tied to a strict, and perhaps conservative tradition. Materially I am tied to this tradition, as I invest in well developed tools that are made for very specific tasks. But my methodology is thought driven. I have no interest in imagery, or the abstract that has no base in reality. Because of a very specific logic that I apply to art making I seem to have stumbled into  this  Speculative  Realist  and  Object  Oriented  bracket,  happening  through no intentions of my own. I have only been aware of continental and analytic philosophy for about a year and a half now. I have spent a lot of my time since then trying to catch up on things which are seemingly relevant, and it seems that there are a lot of parallels, and a lot of similar questions,  problems  and  ideas  are  being  posed.  Historically,  it  seems  that art often mimics, or at least is influenced by, current thought at the time of its production. Since Marcel Duchamp, and his value of thought over  aesthetic  which  transformed  art  into  something  of  value  not  only  to the eyes but also to the mind, it was only a matter of time before art and philosophy started to crossover. Perhaps one day, academically, they could  amalgamate  into  one  system  of  ideas,  but  at  the  moment  I  feel  there are problems with this. There are definite rules at play in engaging with art that just don’t translate into theory, and vice versa I presume. An artist  can  have  all  the  theory  to  back  there  argument  up,  but  for  some  reason their art is weak. I can’t delve into this theoretically, because I’m not  a  theorist,  but  I  do  look  at  a  lot  of  art  and  generally  speaking,  can  didactically explain why an art isn’t working.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;THIS  paper  is  a  compilation  of  notes  and  thoughts  in  response  to  the  brief of Weaponising Speculation. It is a paper that is written in the way that  I  write  best,  erratically,  with  fluctuating  styles  –  I  am  not  a  writer,  I’m an artist.I make objects that are large lumps of vibrant matter made from the mate-rial oil paint. I am often referred to as a painter, although I don’t believe I fit into this category. In the term painter, there is a suggestion that the subject is tied to a strict, and perhaps conservative tradition. Materially I am tied to this tradition, as I invest in well developed tools that are made for very specific tasks. But my methodology is thought driven. I have no interest in imagery, or the abstract that has no base in reality. Because of a very specific logic that I apply to art making I seem to have stumbled into  this  Speculative  Realist  and  Object  Oriented  bracket,  happening  through no intentions of my own. I have only been aware of continental and analytic philosophy for about a year and a half now. I have spent a lot of my time since then trying to catch up on things which are seemingly relevant, and it seems that there are a lot of parallels, and a lot of similar questions,  problems  and  ideas  are  being  posed.  Historically,  it  seems  that art often mimics, or at least is influenced by, current thought at the time of its production. Since Marcel Duchamp, and his value of thought over  aesthetic  which  transformed  art  into  something  of  value  not  only  to the eyes but also to the mind, it was only a matter of time before art and philosophy started to crossover. Perhaps one day, academically, they could  amalgamate  into  one  system  of  ideas,  but  at  the  moment  I  feel  there are problems with this. There are definite rules at play in engaging with art that just don’t translate into theory, and vice versa I presume. An artist  can  have  all  the  theory  to  back  there  argument  up,  but  for  some  reason their art is weak. I can’t delve into this theoretically, because I’m not  a  theorist,  but  I  do  look  at  a  lot  of  art  and  generally  speaking,  can  didactically explain why an art isn’t working.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text language="eng">Open Access</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;A mutant subsists within contemporary continental theory. It endures on ridicule, horror, skepticism, comedy, excess, and groundless specula-tion.  Conspiracy  and  contingency  are  at  once  its  detraction  and  tactic.  This  mutant  tricks  unconditionally  as  an  interpreter  and  paradoxical  maker of meaning. It is what I call here: Optimistic Absurdity.Absurdist philosophy has been haunted by its ancestral considerations as nihilist, meaningless, and devastatingly regressive. My responsibility and  intention  here  is  not  to  deny  any  of  those  potent  conditions  –  it  is  rather  to  reveal  how  it  can  operate  as  a  form  of  metaphysical  infiltra-tion  when  contemplated  under  object  orientated  ontology,  continental  realism,  post-secular  occasionalism,  and  aesthetics.  This  is  what  Ray  Brassier may define as a ‘speculative opportunity’.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;A mutant subsists within contemporary continental theory. It endures on ridicule, horror, skepticism, comedy, excess, and groundless specula-tion.  Conspiracy  and  contingency  are  at  once  its  detraction  and  tactic.  This  mutant  tricks  unconditionally  as  an  interpreter  and  paradoxical  maker of meaning. It is what I call here: Optimistic Absurdity.Absurdist philosophy has been haunted by its ancestral considerations as nihilist, meaningless, and devastatingly regressive. My responsibility and  intention  here  is  not  to  deny  any  of  those  potent  conditions  –  it  is  rather  to  reveal  how  it  can  operate  as  a  form  of  metaphysical  infiltra-tion  when  contemplated  under  object  orientated  ontology,  continental  realism,  post-secular  occasionalism,  and  aesthetics.  This  is  what  Ray  Brassier may define as a ‘speculative opportunity’.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;THIS  essay  proposes  a  relation  between  contemporary  painting  and  Manuel  DeLanda’s  Deleuzian  inspired  materialist  ontology.  However,  my  approach  does  not  negotiate  direct  relations  with  contemporary  painting,  instead  seeks  to  investigate  structure-generating  processes  that are common to both non-human geological expressivity and human mediums  of  expressivity.  Through  a  speculative  use  of  the  concept  of  mineralisation, the relation between the materiality of fossilisation and the  immateriality  of  sensation  will  be  configured  through  temporalities  of emergence.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;THIS  essay  proposes  a  relation  between  contemporary  painting  and  Manuel  DeLanda’s  Deleuzian  inspired  materialist  ontology.  However,  my  approach  does  not  negotiate  direct  relations  with  contemporary  painting,  instead  seeks  to  investigate  structure-generating  processes  that are common to both non-human geological expressivity and human mediums  of  expressivity.  Through  a  speculative  use  of  the  concept  of  mineralisation, the relation between the materiality of fossilisation and the  immateriality  of  sensation  will  be  configured  through  temporalities  of emergence.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;BRACKETING  the  taxonomic  controversies  surrounding  Speculative  Realism (is it a species of thought, how many subclasses are there, does it  cohere  at  all?)  one  can  assert  that  the  rhetorical  if  not  argumenta-tive  core  of  Quentin  Meillassoux’s  reopening  of  the  ‘great  outdoors’  has been, and continues to be, a pervasive trajectory in contemporary thinking.  This  wilderness  is  differently  carved  according  to  varying  rubrics: the proliferation of entities (Harman), the unbinding of the tran-scendental  power  of  thought  (Brassier),  the  absolutisation  of  facticity  (Meillassoux),  and  the  precedence  of  being-as-nature  prior  to  thinking  (Grant).  I  wish  to  argue,  unsurprisingly,  for  the  importance  of  Grant’s  model for speculatively navigating the spaces of nature. Grant’s position is fortified, I would argue, by the utilisation of Peirce’s continuum and the numerous  thinkers  of  the  geometric-cognitive  (geo-cog)  turn  who  cast  alliances,  however  obliquely  at  times,  with  Schelling  and  the  project  of  Naturphilosophie.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;BRACKETING  the  taxonomic  controversies  surrounding  Speculative  Realism (is it a species of thought, how many subclasses are there, does it  cohere  at  all?)  one  can  assert  that  the  rhetorical  if  not  argumenta-tive  core  of  Quentin  Meillassoux’s  reopening  of  the  ‘great  outdoors’  has been, and continues to be, a pervasive trajectory in contemporary thinking.  This  wilderness  is  differently  carved  according  to  varying  rubrics: the proliferation of entities (Harman), the unbinding of the tran-scendental  power  of  thought  (Brassier),  the  absolutisation  of  facticity  (Meillassoux),  and  the  precedence  of  being-as-nature  prior  to  thinking  (Grant).  I  wish  to  argue,  unsurprisingly,  for  the  importance  of  Grant’s  model for speculatively navigating the spaces of nature. Grant’s position is fortified, I would argue, by the utilisation of Peirce’s continuum and the numerous  thinkers  of  the  geometric-cognitive  (geo-cog)  turn  who  cast  alliances,  however  obliquely  at  times,  with  Schelling  and  the  project  of  Naturphilosophie.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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            <Subtitle language="eng">Weaponising Phobia in Bataille, Nietzsche, Spinoza and Deleuze</Subtitle>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;THE  image  is  from  Lars  von  Trier’s  film  Antichrist  [1]  –  indeed  it  pro-vided  the  basis  for  the  promotional  poster.  I’m  not  going  to  talk  about  the famously phobic director today, but wish simply to indicate how the image and indeed the film ‘weaponises’ phobia, which is to say turns it into  an  offensive  rather  than  defensive  weapon.  Initially  it  would  seem  that  phobia  is  defensive  in  that  it  crystallises  in  an  object  an  indefinite  fear  or  anxiety,  a  crystallisation  that  supports  the  process  of  individua-tion which senses mortal danger from the very universe that has given rise to it. As Freud suggested in his case study on Little Hans, phobia is an  effect  of  the  question  that  being  raises  for  the  subject  ‘from  where  he  was  before  the  subject  came  into  the  world’  [2].  Anxiety  occurs  the  moment discontinuity apprehends the vulnerability of its existence in the presence  of  a  voracious  outside,  an  order,  momentarily,  of  exteriority  that would return existence to the infinite continuity of intimate violence (there are plenty of mothers who eat their offspring).&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;THE  image  is  from  Lars  von  Trier’s  film  Antichrist  [1]  –  indeed  it  pro-vided  the  basis  for  the  promotional  poster.  I’m  not  going  to  talk  about  the famously phobic director today, but wish simply to indicate how the image and indeed the film ‘weaponises’ phobia, which is to say turns it into  an  offensive  rather  than  defensive  weapon.  Initially  it  would  seem  that  phobia  is  defensive  in  that  it  crystallises  in  an  object  an  indefinite  fear  or  anxiety,  a  crystallisation  that  supports  the  process  of  individua-tion which senses mortal danger from the very universe that has given rise to it. As Freud suggested in his case study on Little Hans, phobia is an  effect  of  the  question  that  being  raises  for  the  subject  ‘from  where  he  was  before  the  subject  came  into  the  world’  [2].  Anxiety  occurs  the  moment discontinuity apprehends the vulnerability of its existence in the presence  of  a  voracious  outside,  an  order,  momentarily,  of  exteriority  that would return existence to the infinite continuity of intimate violence (there are plenty of mothers who eat their offspring).&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Widening Scripts: Cultivating Feminist Care in Academic Labor is addressed to scholars, educators, and students devoted to the struggle against precarity, atomization, and the commodification of knowledge. Through shared reading, discussion, and reflection, and gathered around a shared interest in feminist theory and politics, the authors discovered a model of care within academia that helped them to sustain their opposition to dominant academic practices that are diminishing, competitive, and exploitative.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In this book, the authors narrate that discovery and the realization of a desire to share in the assembling of a collective feminist survival kit. In Living a Feminist Life, Sara Ahmed offers a wide-ranging killjoy survival kit that includes books, things, tools, time, life, permission notes, other killjoys, humor, feelings, and bodies. As a response to the stress, strain, and profound grief produced by the COVID-19 pandemic, with its viral acceleration of crises already endemic to neoliberal capitalism, the authors mined an evolving cluster of decolonial feminist texts in an attempt to find meaning, encounter moving premonitions, and engage with radical instigations to thought. By co-creating a survival kit through sustained collaboration during the pandemic, they develop a sense of the value of experimentation and risk-taking and learn how to cultivate an inclusive space that allows them to express their views, reclaim accountability, and learn confidently from each other.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Widening Scripts combines collaborative feminist theory, acts of care, and critical dialogue in an effort to open up decelerated, altruistic, and connected ways of doing academic work together.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <SubjectHeadingText>old age; mature period; dying; memory; loss; unknown; Andrea Palladio; discovery; Igor Stravinsky; Jean Rhys; Leoš Janáček; Ludwig van Beethoven; Michelangelo; Titian; Paul Cézanne; Rabindranath Tagore</SubjectHeadingText>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In the contemporary West, the elderly are regarded as somehow “other,” no longer who they used to be, no longer full members of the worlds they once inhabited. Being old is seen as a medical management issue. But old age is not a defective version of what preceded it; it is — like childhood, adolescence, and middle age — its own time of life with its own challenges and gifts. It is an unexpected experience and largely unknown terrain. Winter Light: On Late Life’s Radiance is an exploration of old age as a time when sudden and uncontrollable losses reveal and clarify patterns of existence formerly obscured. In this context, Penick tells of the lives of artists, musicians, and others who, in old age, changed radically through visionary modes of experience that otherwise would not have been possible.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Near the end of their lives, Titian, Michelangelo, Beethoven, Rabindranath Tagore, Jean Rhys, Andrea Palladio, Paul Cézanne, Leoš Janáček, Igor Stravinsky, and others found unforeseen paths and articulated subtleties and beauties never before encountered. Their visions are now woven into our culture and the stories of their lives are signposts for us. As Thoreau once said: “Not ’til we are lost… not ’til we have lost the world, do we begin to find ourselves and realize where we are and the infinite extent of our relations.”&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In five essays, concerned respectively with body, connection, pattern, loss, and vision, Winter Light explores irretrievable losses and dawning possibilities. Penick gives voice to aspects of the inner life that in old age unfold with unanticipated depth, breadth, strangeness, and light.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;In the contemporary West, the elderly are regarded as somehow “other,” no longer who they used to be, no longer full members of the worlds they once inhabited. Being old is seen as a medical management issue. But old age is not a defective version of what preceded it; it is — like childhood, adolescence, and middle age — its own time of life with its own challenges and gifts. It is an unexpected experience and largely unknown terrain. Winter Light: On Late Life’s Radiance is an exploration of old age as a time when sudden and uncontrollable losses reveal and clarify patterns of existence formerly obscured. In this context, Penick tells of the lives of artists, musicians, and others who, in old age, changed radically through visionary modes of experience that otherwise would not have been possible.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Near the end of their lives, Titian, Michelangelo, Beethoven, Rabindranath Tagore, Jean Rhys, Andrea Palladio, Paul Cézanne, Leoš Janáček, Igor Stravinsky, and others found unforeseen paths and articulated subtleties and beauties never before encountered. Their visions are now woven into our culture and the stories of their lives are signposts for us. As Thoreau once said: “Not ’til we are lost… not ’til we have lost the world, do we begin to find ourselves and realize where we are and the infinite extent of our relations.”&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In five essays, concerned respectively with body, connection, pattern, loss, and vision, Winter Light explores irretrievable losses and dawning possibilities. Penick gives voice to aspects of the inner life that in old age unfold with unanticipated depth, breadth, strangeness, and light.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Works for Works, Book 1: Useless Beauty tackles “legacy” issues of intellectual property rights (IPR) in artistic production and academic scholarship and proposes a category or class of works that has no relation to IPR nor to proprietary regimes of copyright and academic privilege. Keeney’s book is a structuralist argument for establishing new forms of artistic scholarship that operate in direct opposition to established norms in both the art world and neoliberal academia, and is also rigorously contextualized within past and present-day arguments for and against patrimonial and paternalistic, avant-garde and normative, forms of censure and conformity across cultural production.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Works for Works, Book 1: Useless Beauty privileges an iterative, generative, and aleatory methodology for artistic scholarship, with transmedia proposed as a “tutelary form” of editioning works against the dictates of the art-academic complex. This focus on generativity also invokes the dialectical operations historically associated with past avant-gardes as they have negotiated an elective nihilism as an avenue for exiting established and authorized forms of conceptual and intellectual inquiry in the Arts and Humanities.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Works for Works, Book 2: “No Rights,” privileges works-based agency (praxis) in literary-artistic scholarship. The principal focus of the Franciscan-inspired embrace of a “no rights” status for works of literary-artistic scholarship is toward freeing both author and works from forms of technocratic determinism and neo-utilitarianism associated with regimes of intellectual property rights law and platform cultures. Engaging, and then dispensing with, the concept of “the artistic exception,” a holdover from modernist justifications for art in/for itself, Works for Works nonetheless restores the primacy of the work itself through disconnecting author and work toward a transfiguration of both author and work and the substantiation of a new ecosystem for radical works of artistic-critical inquiry.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Works for Works, Book 2: “No Rights,” follows upon Works for Works, Book 1: Useless Beauty (2022), a structuralist-inspired survey and exposé of the immanentist paradox artist-scholars inhabit in the post-contemporary transition from modernist and post-modernist reflexivity to forms of cultural production that favor no singular raison d’être or socio-cultural, socio-economic, or socio-political bias.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Works for Works, Book 2: “No Rights,” privileges works-based agency (praxis) in literary-artistic scholarship. The principal focus of the Franciscan-inspired embrace of a “no rights” status for works of literary-artistic scholarship is toward freeing both author and works from forms of technocratic determinism and neo-utilitarianism associated with regimes of intellectual property rights law and platform cultures. Engaging, and then dispensing with, the concept of “the artistic exception,” a holdover from modernist justifications for art in/for itself, Works for Works nonetheless restores the primacy of the work itself through disconnecting author and work toward a transfiguration of both author and work and the substantiation of a new ecosystem for radical works of artistic-critical inquiry.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Works for Works, Book 2: “No Rights,” follows upon Works for Works, Book 1: Useless Beauty (2022), a structuralist-inspired survey and exposé of the immanentist paradox artist-scholars inhabit in the post-contemporary transition from modernist and post-modernist reflexivity to forms of cultural production that favor no singular raison d’être or socio-cultural, socio-economic, or socio-political bias.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Works for Works, Book 2: “No Rights,” privileges works-based agency (praxis) in literary-artistic scholarship. The principal focus of the Franciscan-inspired embrace of a “no rights” status for works of literary-artistic scholarship is toward freeing both author and works from forms of technocratic determinism and neo-utilitarianism associated with regimes of intellectual property rights law and platform cultures. Engaging, and then dispensing with, the concept of “the artistic exception,” a holdover from modernist justifications for art in/for itself, Works for Works nonetheless restores the primacy of the work itself through disconnecting author and work toward a transfiguration of both author and work and the substantiation of a new ecosystem for radical works of artistic-critical inquiry.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Works for Works, Book 2: “No Rights,” follows upon Works for Works, Book 1: Useless Beauty (2022), a structuralist-inspired survey and exposé of the immanentist paradox artist-scholars inhabit in the post-contemporary transition from modernist and post-modernist reflexivity to forms of cultural production that favor no singular raison d’être or socio-cultural, socio-economic, or socio-political bias.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Works for Works, Book 2: “No Rights,” privileges works-based agency (praxis) in literary-artistic scholarship. The principal focus of the Franciscan-inspired embrace of a “no rights” status for works of literary-artistic scholarship is toward freeing both author and works from forms of technocratic determinism and neo-utilitarianism associated with regimes of intellectual property rights law and platform cultures. Engaging, and then dispensing with, the concept of “the artistic exception,” a holdover from modernist justifications for art in/for itself, Works for Works nonetheless restores the primacy of the work itself through disconnecting author and work toward a transfiguration of both author and work and the substantiation of a new ecosystem for radical works of artistic-critical inquiry.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Works for Works, Book 2: “No Rights,” follows upon Works for Works, Book 1: Useless Beauty (2022), a structuralist-inspired survey and exposé of the immanentist paradox artist-scholars inhabit in the post-contemporary transition from modernist and post-modernist reflexivity to forms of cultural production that favor no singular raison d’être or socio-cultural, socio-economic, or socio-political bias.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Works for Works, Book 2: “No Rights,” privileges works-based agency (praxis) in literary-artistic scholarship. The principal focus of the Franciscan-inspired embrace of a “no rights” status for works of literary-artistic scholarship is toward freeing both author and works from forms of technocratic determinism and neo-utilitarianism associated with regimes of intellectual property rights law and platform cultures. Engaging, and then dispensing with, the concept of “the artistic exception,” a holdover from modernist justifications for art in/for itself, Works for Works nonetheless restores the primacy of the work itself through disconnecting author and work toward a transfiguration of both author and work and the substantiation of a new ecosystem for radical works of artistic-critical inquiry.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Works for Works, Book 2: “No Rights,” follows upon Works for Works, Book 1: Useless Beauty (2022), a structuralist-inspired survey and exposé of the immanentist paradox artist-scholars inhabit in the post-contemporary transition from modernist and post-modernist reflexivity to forms of cultural production that favor no singular raison d’être or socio-cultural, socio-economic, or socio-political bias.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text textformat="03">&lt;p&gt;Works for Works, Book 2: “No Rights,” privileges works-based agency (praxis) in literary-artistic scholarship. The principal focus of the Franciscan-inspired embrace of a “no rights” status for works of literary-artistic scholarship is toward freeing both author and works from forms of technocratic determinism and neo-utilitarianism associated with regimes of intellectual property rights law and platform cultures. Engaging, and then dispensing with, the concept of “the artistic exception,” a holdover from modernist justifications for art in/for itself, Works for Works nonetheless restores the primacy of the work itself through disconnecting author and work toward a transfiguration of both author and work and the substantiation of a new ecosystem for radical works of artistic-critical inquiry.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Works for Works, Book 2: “No Rights,” follows upon Works for Works, Book 1: Useless Beauty (2022), a structuralist-inspired survey and exposé of the immanentist paradox artist-scholars inhabit in the post-contemporary transition from modernist and post-modernist reflexivity to forms of cultural production that favor no singular raison d’être or socio-cultural, socio-economic, or socio-political bias.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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