Thoth distribution@thoth.pub 20260401T132052

urn:uuid:2b16baec-483e-46e8-be2c-7b15a55deb40 03 01 01 thoth-work-id urn:uuid:f683e141-edc4-42e1-8741-d64d16f704ba 01 thoth-publication-id urn:uuid:2b16baec-483e-46e8-be2c-7b15a55deb40 15 9780639889993 03 9780639889993 06 10.64449/9780639890005 00 BC 10 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 01 01 PHARMAKON Urban Law and the Making of Johannesburg 1 A01 21 0000000313781953 Eric Nyembezi Makoni Eric Nyembezi Makoni 01 eng 00 246 03 93 JPF 10 POL045000 20 urban law; planning; Johannesburg; law; spatial planning; South Africa; colonialism; decolonialism; urbanism 01 06 02 00 <p><p>“This book is truly a pharmakon, a potion historically prescribed and a healing adventurously re-imagined. Pharmakon, as the title indicates, shows how the same thing that can be healing, can also poisons us."</p></p> 03 00 <p><p>“This book is truly a pharmakon, a potion historically prescribed and a healing adventurously re-imagined. Pharmakon, as the title indicates, shows how the same thing that can be healing, can also poisons us. Makoni takes us through the colonial and postcolonial lawscape of urban South Africa and especially Johannesburg, making a case for how injustice was established through planning laws, and all along trying to find ways in which justice can be achieved. This especially pernicious form of spatial violence is shown to have persevered throughout colonial history, with concrete examples of racial capitalism, where state and private initiatives were implicated. makoni shows how the law has been a conspirator of colonial racialisation, and a precious yet precarious compass to help navigate the post-apartheid lands – the law as true pharmakon, with the trophy of spatial justice in the centre of legal concerns.”Andreas Philippopoulos-Mihalopoulos Professor of Law &amp; Theory / Artist / Fiction AuthorUniversity of Westminster, London<break/>“Rich in theory, concepts and empirical examples, eric nyembezi makoni's book is a groundbreaking and timely intervention in the field of urban planning and city studies.”Prof. Sabelo J. Ndlovu-Gatsheni Professor and Chair in Epistemologies of the Global South, University of Bayreuth, Germany<break/>“Through the concept of the lawscape, this book provides an excellent, expansive history of how legal and planning instruments have together shaped South African cities to make spatial racial segregation possible during the colonial and Apartheid era but also to create more inclusive, democratic cities in the post-Apartheid period. PHARMAKON: Urban Law and the Making of Johannesburg is a lucid, critical and yet hopeful book; a must-read for anyone committed to contribute to decolonised cities that promote spatial justice and economic inclusivity.”Dr. Wendy WillemsDepartment of Media and Communications, London School of Economics and Political Science</p></p> 30 00 <p><p>“This book is truly a pharmakon, a potion historically prescribed and a healing adventurously re-imagined. Pharmakon, as the title indicates, shows how the same thing that can be healing, can also poisons us. Makoni takes us through the colonial and postcolonial lawscape of urban South Africa and especially Johannesburg, making a case for how injustice was established through planning laws, and all along trying to find ways in which justice can be achieved. This especially pernicious form of spatial violence is shown to have persevered throughout colonial history, with concrete examples of racial capitalism, where state and private initiatives were implicated. makoni shows how the law has been a conspirator of colonial racialisation, and a precious yet precarious compass to help navigate the post-apartheid lands – the law as true pharmakon, with the trophy of spatial justice in the centre of legal concerns.”Andreas Philippopoulos-Mihalopoulos Professor of Law &amp; Theory / Artist / Fiction AuthorUniversity of Westminster, London<break/>“Rich in theory, concepts and empirical examples, eric nyembezi makoni's book is a groundbreaking and timely intervention in the field of urban planning and city studies.”Prof. Sabelo J. Ndlovu-Gatsheni Professor and Chair in Epistemologies of the Global South, University of Bayreuth, Germany<break/>“Through the concept of the lawscape, this book provides an excellent, expansive history of how legal and planning instruments have together shaped South African cities to make spatial racial segregation possible during the colonial and Apartheid era but also to create more inclusive, democratic cities in the post-Apartheid period. PHARMAKON: Urban Law and the Making of Johannesburg is a lucid, critical and yet hopeful book; a must-read for anyone committed to contribute to decolonised cities that promote spatial justice and economic inclusivity.”Dr. Wendy WillemsDepartment of Media and Communications, London School of Economics and Political Science</p></p> 04 00 Foreword Marius Pieterse The Structure of this Book Introduction Law as Pharmakon Urban Law In/Theory Mapping Spatial In/Difference A Racial City Imagined Re/Constituting the Urban Coloniality Prevails Inflection Point/Decoloniality 20 00 Open Access 01 00 03 02 https://books.ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/10.64449/9780639890005_frontcover.jpg 01 URL https://ujpress.uj.ac.za UJ Press 01 UJ Press 01 Publisher's website: home page https://ujpress.uj.ac.za/ 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/125 Johannesburg 04 01 20250902 Eric Nyembezi Makoni Marius Pieterse 02 WORLD 06 15 9780639890005 03 9780639890005 06 15 9780639890029 03 9780639890029 06 15 9780639890012 03 9780639890012 34 01 Unstructured citation African National Congress (ANC) The Reconstruction and Development Programme (Johannesburg; 1994). 34 01 Unstructured citation Alcock GG Kasinomics: African Informal Economies and the People Who Inhabit Them (Johannesburg, Tracey McDonald Publishers; 2015). 34 01 Unstructured citation Alden, Chris Apartheid’s Last Stand: The Rise and Fall of the South African Security State (New York, St Martin’s Press; 1996). 34 01 Unstructured citation Allen, Victor Leonard The History of Black Mineworkers in South Africa Vol 1 (Ann Arbor, University of Michigan; 2005). 34 01 Unstructured citation Allmendinger, Phil & Gunder, Michael ‘Applying Lacanian insight and a dash of Derridean deconstruction to planning’s “dark side”’ (2005) 4(1) Planning Theory 87-112. https://doi.org/10.1177/1473095205051444 34 01 Unstructured citation Barnes, Anthony & Nel, Verna ‘Putting spatial resilience into practice’ 2017 28(2) Urban Forum 219–232. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12132-017-9303-6 34 01 Unstructured citation Beall, Jo, Crankshaw, Owen & Parnell, Susan Uniting a Divided City: Governance and Social Exclusion in Johannesburg (London, Earthscan Publications; 2002). https://doi.org/10.1080/03056240308376 34 01 Unstructured citation Beavon, Keith Johannesburg: The Making and Shaping of the City (Pretoria: University of South Africa Press; 2004). https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004491809 34 01 Unstructured citation Beavon, Keith & Larsen, Pauline ‘Sandton Central, 1969–2013: From open veld to new CBD?’ in Harrison, Philip, Gotz, Graeme, Todes, Alison and Wray, Chris (eds.) 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Decision of the Appellate Division of the Supreme Court 1994 (3) SA 336 (AD). 34 01 Unstructured citation Government of the Republic of South Africa v Grootboom 2001(1) SA 46 (CC). 34 01 Unstructured citation Hleka v Johannesburg City Council 1949 (1) SA 842 (A). 34 01 Unstructured citation In re Dube, 1979. Natal Division of the Supreme Court 1979 (3) SA 820 (N). 34 01 Unstructured citation Minister of Public Works v Kyalami Ridge Environmental Association 2001 (3) SA 1151 (CC). 34 01 Unstructured citation Modder East Squatters v Modderklip Boerdery; President of the RSA v Modderklip Boerdery 2004 (8) BCLR 821 (SCA). 34 01 Unstructured citation Occupiers of 51 Olivia Road, Berea Township v City of Johannesburg 2008 (3) SA 208 (CC). 34 01 Unstructured citation Port Elizabeth Municipality v. Various Occupiers 2005 (1) SA 217 (CC). 34 01 Unstructured citation President of the Republic of South Africa v. Modderklip Boerdery 2005 (5) SA 3 (CC). 34 01 Unstructured citation Pretoria City Council v. Walker 1998 (2) SA 363 (CC) 34 01 Unstructured citation S v. Govender, 1982. Decision of the Transvaal Supreme Court 1986 (3) SA 969 (T). 34 01 Unstructured citation South African Informal Traders Forum v City of Johannesburg 2014 (4) SA 371 (CC). 34 01 Unstructured citation Table of Statutes 34 01 Unstructured citation Bantu Education Act 47 of 1953. 34 01 Unstructured citation Bantu Homelands Citizenship Act 26 of 1970. 34 01 Unstructured citation Black Administration Act 38 of 1927. 34 01 Unstructured citation Black Communities Development Act 4 of 1984. 34 01 Unstructured citation Cape Town Land Use Planning Ordinance 15 of 1985. 34 01 Unstructured citation Constitution of the Republic of South Africa Act 108 of 1996. 34 01 Unstructured citation Constitution of the Republic of South Africa Act 200 of 1993. 34 01 Unstructured citation Conversion of Certain Rights into Leasehold or Ownership Act 81 of 1988. 34 01 Unstructured citation Development Facilitation Act 67 of 1995. 34 01 Unstructured citation Division of Revenue Act 3 of 2016. 34 01 Unstructured citation Group Areas Act 36 of 1966. 34 01 Unstructured citation Group Areas Act 41 of 1950. 34 01 Unstructured citation Housing Act 107 of 1997. 34 01 Unstructured citation Less Formal Townships Establishment Act 113 of 1991. 34 01 Unstructured citation Local Government Transition Act 209 of 1993. 34 01 Unstructured citation Mines and Works Act 12 of 1911. 34 01 Unstructured citation Municipal Structures Act 117 of 1998. 34 01 Unstructured citation Municipal Systems Act 32 of 2000. 34 01 Unstructured citation Natal Town Planning Ordinance 27 of 1949. 34 01 Unstructured citation National Building Regulations and Building Standards Act 103 of 1977. 34 01 Unstructured citation Native (Urban Areas) Act 21 of 1923. 34 01 Unstructured citation Native Administration Act 38 of 1927. 34 01 Unstructured citation Native Labour Regulation Act 15 of 1911. 34 01 Unstructured citation Natives Land Act 27 of 1913. 34 01 Unstructured citation Natives (Abolition of Passes and Co-ordination of Documents) Act 67 of 1952. 34 01 Unstructured citation Natives (Urban Areas) Consolidation Act 25 of 1945. 34 01 Unstructured citation Natives Laws Amendment Act 46 of 1937. 34 01 Unstructured citation Natives Laws Amendment Act 54 of 1952. 34 01 Unstructured citation Natives Resettlement Act 19 of 1954. 34 01 Unstructured citation Orange Free State Townships Ordinance 9 of 1969. 34 01 Unstructured citation Population Registration Act 30 of 1950. 34 01 Unstructured citation Prevention of Illegal Eviction from and Unlawful Occupation of Land Act 19 of 1998. 34 01 Unstructured citation Prevention of Illegal Squatting Act 52 of 1951. 34 01 Unstructured citation Prohibition of Mixed Marriages Act 55 of 1949. 34 01 Unstructured citation Public Health Act 36 of 1919. 34 01 Unstructured citation Public Housing Act 35 of 1920. 34 01 Unstructured citation Reservation of Separate Amenities Act 49 of 1953. 34 01 Unstructured citation Slums Act of 1934. 34 01 Unstructured citation Spatial Planning and Land-Use Management Act 16 of 2013. 34 01 Unstructured citation Transvaal Town Planning and Townships Ordinance 15 of 1986. 34 01 Unstructured citation Upgrading of Land Tenure Rights Act 112 of 1991. 34 01 Unstructured citation White Paper on Reconstruction and Development No. 23 of 1994. 34 01 Unstructured citation Other Sources 34 01 Unstructured citation City of Johannesburg Corridors of Freedom: Restitching our City to Create a New Future (2013). 34 01 Unstructured citation City of Johannesburg iGoli 2002 (2002). 34 01 Unstructured citation City of Johannesburg iGoli 2010 (2010). 34 01 Unstructured citation City of Johannesburg Informal Trading Policy for the City of Johannesburg (2009). 34 01 Unstructured citation City of Johannesburg Inner City Regeneration Charter (2007). 34 01 Unstructured citation City of Johannesburg Inner City Transformation Roadmap (2013). 34 01 Unstructured citation City of Johannesburg Integrated Development Plan 2003/2004 (2003). 34 01 Unstructured citation City of Johannesburg Integrated Development Plan 2016/2021) (2016). 34 01 Unstructured citation City of Johannesburg Joburg Growth and Development Strategy 2040 (2011). 34 01 Unstructured citation City of Johannesburg Reflecting on a Solid Foundation: Building Developmental Local Government 2000–2005 (2006). 34 01 Unstructured citation City of Johannesburg Security Access Restriction Policy (2014). 34 01 Unstructured citation Department of National Treasury City of Johannesburg Built Environment Performance Plan 2016/17 (2016). 34 01 Unstructured citation National Department of Human Settlements Comprehensive Housing Plan for the Development of Integrated Sustainable Human Settlements (2004). 34 01 Unstructured citation National Department of Human Settlements National Housing Code (2009). 34 01 Unstructured citation Policy Coordination & Advisory Services (PCAS) Harmonising and Aligning: The National Spatial Development Perspective, Provincial Growth and Development Strategies and Municipal Integrated Development Plans (2004). 34 01 Unstructured citation Presidency National Development Plan: Vision 2030 Our Future - Make it Work (2014). 34 01 Unstructured citation Presidency Twenty Year Review: South Africa 1994-2014 - Background Paper: Sustainable Human Settlements (2015). 34 01 Unstructured citation South African Cities Network (SACN) The Space Economy: An Important Consideration in Spatial Development Planning (2013). 34 01 Unstructured citation South African Cities Network (SACN) The Spatial Transformation of South Africa’s Cities: From Abstract Concept to Meaning and Means (2016). 34 01 Unstructured citation South African Human Rights Commission Report on the Issue of Road Closures, Security Booms and Related Matters (2005). 34 01 Unstructured citation Map and Photograph Credits 34 01 Unstructured citation Map 1, Stickler, Philip J. ‘The location of Black residents in formerly whites-only neighbourhoods of Johannesburg, 1996’. The Geography of Desegregation in Johannesburg. Available: https://www.gcro.ac.za/outputs/map-of-the-month/detail/geography-desegregation-johannesburg/ 34 01 Unstructured citation Image 1, Photographer unknown. Forced removals in Sophiatown. Credits: William Cullen Library: Historical Papers Research Archive. WORLD 09 UJ Press 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this product https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/125 20 08 20250902 01 urn:uuid:a593efe6-ab34-4839-b367-ebc8d379a9f0 03 01 01 thoth-work-id urn:uuid:f683e141-edc4-42e1-8741-d64d16f704ba 01 thoth-publication-id urn:uuid:a593efe6-ab34-4839-b367-ebc8d379a9f0 15 9780639890005 03 9780639890005 06 10.64449/9780639890005 00 EB E107 10 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 01 01 PHARMAKON Urban Law and the Making of Johannesburg 1 A01 21 0000000313781953 Eric Nyembezi Makoni Eric Nyembezi Makoni 01 eng 00 246 03 93 JPF 10 POL045000 20 urban law; planning; Johannesburg; law; spatial planning; South Africa; colonialism; decolonialism; urbanism 01 06 02 00 <p><p>“This book is truly a pharmakon, a potion historically prescribed and a healing adventurously re-imagined. Pharmakon, as the title indicates, shows how the same thing that can be healing, can also poisons us."</p></p> 03 00 <p><p>“This book is truly a pharmakon, a potion historically prescribed and a healing adventurously re-imagined. Pharmakon, as the title indicates, shows how the same thing that can be healing, can also poisons us. Makoni takes us through the colonial and postcolonial lawscape of urban South Africa and especially Johannesburg, making a case for how injustice was established through planning laws, and all along trying to find ways in which justice can be achieved. This especially pernicious form of spatial violence is shown to have persevered throughout colonial history, with concrete examples of racial capitalism, where state and private initiatives were implicated. makoni shows how the law has been a conspirator of colonial racialisation, and a precious yet precarious compass to help navigate the post-apartheid lands – the law as true pharmakon, with the trophy of spatial justice in the centre of legal concerns.”Andreas Philippopoulos-Mihalopoulos Professor of Law &amp; Theory / Artist / Fiction AuthorUniversity of Westminster, London<break/>“Rich in theory, concepts and empirical examples, eric nyembezi makoni's book is a groundbreaking and timely intervention in the field of urban planning and city studies.”Prof. Sabelo J. Ndlovu-Gatsheni Professor and Chair in Epistemologies of the Global South, University of Bayreuth, Germany<break/>“Through the concept of the lawscape, this book provides an excellent, expansive history of how legal and planning instruments have together shaped South African cities to make spatial racial segregation possible during the colonial and Apartheid era but also to create more inclusive, democratic cities in the post-Apartheid period. PHARMAKON: Urban Law and the Making of Johannesburg is a lucid, critical and yet hopeful book; a must-read for anyone committed to contribute to decolonised cities that promote spatial justice and economic inclusivity.”Dr. Wendy WillemsDepartment of Media and Communications, London School of Economics and Political Science</p></p> 30 00 <p><p>“This book is truly a pharmakon, a potion historically prescribed and a healing adventurously re-imagined. Pharmakon, as the title indicates, shows how the same thing that can be healing, can also poisons us. Makoni takes us through the colonial and postcolonial lawscape of urban South Africa and especially Johannesburg, making a case for how injustice was established through planning laws, and all along trying to find ways in which justice can be achieved. This especially pernicious form of spatial violence is shown to have persevered throughout colonial history, with concrete examples of racial capitalism, where state and private initiatives were implicated. makoni shows how the law has been a conspirator of colonial racialisation, and a precious yet precarious compass to help navigate the post-apartheid lands – the law as true pharmakon, with the trophy of spatial justice in the centre of legal concerns.”Andreas Philippopoulos-Mihalopoulos Professor of Law &amp; Theory / Artist / Fiction AuthorUniversity of Westminster, London<break/>“Rich in theory, concepts and empirical examples, eric nyembezi makoni's book is a groundbreaking and timely intervention in the field of urban planning and city studies.”Prof. Sabelo J. Ndlovu-Gatsheni Professor and Chair in Epistemologies of the Global South, University of Bayreuth, Germany<break/>“Through the concept of the lawscape, this book provides an excellent, expansive history of how legal and planning instruments have together shaped South African cities to make spatial racial segregation possible during the colonial and Apartheid era but also to create more inclusive, democratic cities in the post-Apartheid period. PHARMAKON: Urban Law and the Making of Johannesburg is a lucid, critical and yet hopeful book; a must-read for anyone committed to contribute to decolonised cities that promote spatial justice and economic inclusivity.”Dr. Wendy WillemsDepartment of Media and Communications, London School of Economics and Political Science</p></p> 04 00 Foreword Marius Pieterse The Structure of this Book Introduction Law as Pharmakon Urban Law In/Theory Mapping Spatial In/Difference A Racial City Imagined Re/Constituting the Urban Coloniality Prevails Inflection Point/Decoloniality 20 00 Open Access 01 00 03 02 https://books.ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/10.64449/9780639890005_frontcover.jpg 01 URL https://ujpress.uj.ac.za UJ Press 01 UJ Press 01 Publisher's website: home page https://ujpress.uj.ac.za/ 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/125 Johannesburg 04 01 20250902 Eric Nyembezi Makoni Marius Pieterse 02 WORLD 06 15 9780639889993 03 9780639889993 06 15 9780639890029 03 9780639890029 06 15 9780639890012 03 9780639890012 34 01 Unstructured citation African National Congress (ANC) The Reconstruction and Development Programme (Johannesburg; 1994). 34 01 Unstructured citation Alcock GG Kasinomics: African Informal Economies and the People Who Inhabit Them (Johannesburg, Tracey McDonald Publishers; 2015). 34 01 Unstructured citation Alden, Chris Apartheid’s Last Stand: The Rise and Fall of the South African Security State (New York, St Martin’s Press; 1996). 34 01 Unstructured citation Allen, Victor Leonard The History of Black Mineworkers in South Africa Vol 1 (Ann Arbor, University of Michigan; 2005). 34 01 Unstructured citation Allmendinger, Phil & Gunder, Michael ‘Applying Lacanian insight and a dash of Derridean deconstruction to planning’s “dark side”’ (2005) 4(1) Planning Theory 87-112. https://doi.org/10.1177/1473095205051444 34 01 Unstructured citation Barnes, Anthony & Nel, Verna ‘Putting spatial resilience into practice’ 2017 28(2) Urban Forum 219–232. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12132-017-9303-6 34 01 Unstructured citation Beall, Jo, Crankshaw, Owen & Parnell, Susan Uniting a Divided City: Governance and Social Exclusion in Johannesburg (London, Earthscan Publications; 2002). https://doi.org/10.1080/03056240308376 34 01 Unstructured citation Beavon, Keith Johannesburg: The Making and Shaping of the City (Pretoria: University of South Africa Press; 2004). https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004491809 34 01 Unstructured citation Beavon, Keith & Larsen, Pauline ‘Sandton Central, 1969–2013: From open veld to new CBD?’ in Harrison, Philip, Gotz, Graeme, Todes, Alison and Wray, Chris (eds.) 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Postmodern Cities and Spaces (Oxford, Blackwell; 1994) 216–242. https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-9006(95)90158-2 34 01 Unstructured citation Yiftachel, Oren ‘Planning as control: Policy and resistance in a deeply divided society’ (1995) 4(2) Progress in Planning 115–84. https://doi.org/10.1177/088541229801200401 34 01 Unstructured citation Yiftachel, Oren ‘Planning and social control: Exploring the dark side’ (1998) 1(4) Journal of Planning Literature 395–406. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2427.00255 34 01 Unstructured citation Yiftachel, Oren ‘social control, urban planning and the ethno-class relations: Mizrahi Jews in Israel’s “development towns”’ (2000) 20(2) International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 418–38. 34 01 Unstructured citation Yountae, An The Decolonial Abyss: Mysticism and Cosmopolitics from the Ruins (New York, Fordham University Press; 2017). https://doi.org/10.5422/fordham/9780823273072.001.0001 34 01 Unstructured citation Table of Cases 34 01 Unstructured citation City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality v Blue Moonlight Properties 2012 (2) SA 104 (CC). 34 01 Unstructured citation Dadoo v Krugersdorp Municipality 1920 AD. 34 01 Unstructured citation Diepsloot Residents’ and Landowners’ Association v Administrator, Transvaal. Decision of the Appellate Division of the Supreme Court 1994 (3) SA 336 (AD). 34 01 Unstructured citation Government of the Republic of South Africa v Grootboom 2001(1) SA 46 (CC). 34 01 Unstructured citation Hleka v Johannesburg City Council 1949 (1) SA 842 (A). 34 01 Unstructured citation In re Dube, 1979. Natal Division of the Supreme Court 1979 (3) SA 820 (N). 34 01 Unstructured citation Minister of Public Works v Kyalami Ridge Environmental Association 2001 (3) SA 1151 (CC). 34 01 Unstructured citation Modder East Squatters v Modderklip Boerdery; President of the RSA v Modderklip Boerdery 2004 (8) BCLR 821 (SCA). 34 01 Unstructured citation Occupiers of 51 Olivia Road, Berea Township v City of Johannesburg 2008 (3) SA 208 (CC). 34 01 Unstructured citation Port Elizabeth Municipality v. Various Occupiers 2005 (1) SA 217 (CC). 34 01 Unstructured citation President of the Republic of South Africa v. Modderklip Boerdery 2005 (5) SA 3 (CC). 34 01 Unstructured citation Pretoria City Council v. Walker 1998 (2) SA 363 (CC) 34 01 Unstructured citation S v. Govender, 1982. Decision of the Transvaal Supreme Court 1986 (3) SA 969 (T). 34 01 Unstructured citation South African Informal Traders Forum v City of Johannesburg 2014 (4) SA 371 (CC). 34 01 Unstructured citation Table of Statutes 34 01 Unstructured citation Bantu Education Act 47 of 1953. 34 01 Unstructured citation Bantu Homelands Citizenship Act 26 of 1970. 34 01 Unstructured citation Black Administration Act 38 of 1927. 34 01 Unstructured citation Black Communities Development Act 4 of 1984. 34 01 Unstructured citation Cape Town Land Use Planning Ordinance 15 of 1985. 34 01 Unstructured citation Constitution of the Republic of South Africa Act 108 of 1996. 34 01 Unstructured citation Constitution of the Republic of South Africa Act 200 of 1993. 34 01 Unstructured citation Conversion of Certain Rights into Leasehold or Ownership Act 81 of 1988. 34 01 Unstructured citation Development Facilitation Act 67 of 1995. 34 01 Unstructured citation Division of Revenue Act 3 of 2016. 34 01 Unstructured citation Group Areas Act 36 of 1966. 34 01 Unstructured citation Group Areas Act 41 of 1950. 34 01 Unstructured citation Housing Act 107 of 1997. 34 01 Unstructured citation Less Formal Townships Establishment Act 113 of 1991. 34 01 Unstructured citation Local Government Transition Act 209 of 1993. 34 01 Unstructured citation Mines and Works Act 12 of 1911. 34 01 Unstructured citation Municipal Structures Act 117 of 1998. 34 01 Unstructured citation Municipal Systems Act 32 of 2000. 34 01 Unstructured citation Natal Town Planning Ordinance 27 of 1949. 34 01 Unstructured citation National Building Regulations and Building Standards Act 103 of 1977. 34 01 Unstructured citation Native (Urban Areas) Act 21 of 1923. 34 01 Unstructured citation Native Administration Act 38 of 1927. 34 01 Unstructured citation Native Labour Regulation Act 15 of 1911. 34 01 Unstructured citation Natives Land Act 27 of 1913. 34 01 Unstructured citation Natives (Abolition of Passes and Co-ordination of Documents) Act 67 of 1952. 34 01 Unstructured citation Natives (Urban Areas) Consolidation Act 25 of 1945. 34 01 Unstructured citation Natives Laws Amendment Act 46 of 1937. 34 01 Unstructured citation Natives Laws Amendment Act 54 of 1952. 34 01 Unstructured citation Natives Resettlement Act 19 of 1954. 34 01 Unstructured citation Orange Free State Townships Ordinance 9 of 1969. 34 01 Unstructured citation Population Registration Act 30 of 1950. 34 01 Unstructured citation Prevention of Illegal Eviction from and Unlawful Occupation of Land Act 19 of 1998. 34 01 Unstructured citation Prevention of Illegal Squatting Act 52 of 1951. 34 01 Unstructured citation Prohibition of Mixed Marriages Act 55 of 1949. 34 01 Unstructured citation Public Health Act 36 of 1919. 34 01 Unstructured citation Public Housing Act 35 of 1920. 34 01 Unstructured citation Reservation of Separate Amenities Act 49 of 1953. 34 01 Unstructured citation Slums Act of 1934. 34 01 Unstructured citation Spatial Planning and Land-Use Management Act 16 of 2013. 34 01 Unstructured citation Transvaal Town Planning and Townships Ordinance 15 of 1986. 34 01 Unstructured citation Upgrading of Land Tenure Rights Act 112 of 1991. 34 01 Unstructured citation White Paper on Reconstruction and Development No. 23 of 1994. 34 01 Unstructured citation Other Sources 34 01 Unstructured citation City of Johannesburg Corridors of Freedom: Restitching our City to Create a New Future (2013). 34 01 Unstructured citation City of Johannesburg iGoli 2002 (2002). 34 01 Unstructured citation City of Johannesburg iGoli 2010 (2010). 34 01 Unstructured citation City of Johannesburg Informal Trading Policy for the City of Johannesburg (2009). 34 01 Unstructured citation City of Johannesburg Inner City Regeneration Charter (2007). 34 01 Unstructured citation City of Johannesburg Inner City Transformation Roadmap (2013). 34 01 Unstructured citation City of Johannesburg Integrated Development Plan 2003/2004 (2003). 34 01 Unstructured citation City of Johannesburg Integrated Development Plan 2016/2021) (2016). 34 01 Unstructured citation City of Johannesburg Joburg Growth and Development Strategy 2040 (2011). 34 01 Unstructured citation City of Johannesburg Reflecting on a Solid Foundation: Building Developmental Local Government 2000–2005 (2006). 34 01 Unstructured citation City of Johannesburg Security Access Restriction Policy (2014). 34 01 Unstructured citation Department of National Treasury City of Johannesburg Built Environment Performance Plan 2016/17 (2016). 34 01 Unstructured citation National Department of Human Settlements Comprehensive Housing Plan for the Development of Integrated Sustainable Human Settlements (2004). 34 01 Unstructured citation National Department of Human Settlements National Housing Code (2009). 34 01 Unstructured citation Policy Coordination & Advisory Services (PCAS) Harmonising and Aligning: The National Spatial Development Perspective, Provincial Growth and Development Strategies and Municipal Integrated Development Plans (2004). 34 01 Unstructured citation Presidency National Development Plan: Vision 2030 Our Future - Make it Work (2014). 34 01 Unstructured citation Presidency Twenty Year Review: South Africa 1994-2014 - Background Paper: Sustainable Human Settlements (2015). 34 01 Unstructured citation South African Cities Network (SACN) The Space Economy: An Important Consideration in Spatial Development Planning (2013). 34 01 Unstructured citation South African Cities Network (SACN) The Spatial Transformation of South Africa’s Cities: From Abstract Concept to Meaning and Means (2016). 34 01 Unstructured citation South African Human Rights Commission Report on the Issue of Road Closures, Security Booms and Related Matters (2005). 34 01 Unstructured citation Map and Photograph Credits 34 01 Unstructured citation Map 1, Stickler, Philip J. ‘The location of Black residents in formerly whites-only neighbourhoods of Johannesburg, 1996’. The Geography of Desegregation in Johannesburg. Available: https://www.gcro.ac.za/outputs/map-of-the-month/detail/geography-desegregation-johannesburg/ 34 01 Unstructured citation Image 1, Photographer unknown. Forced removals in Sophiatown. Credits: William Cullen Library: Historical Papers Research Archive. WORLD 11 Unknown 36 Unspecified hosting platform: webpage for this product https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/125 29 Unspecified hosting platform: download the title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/view/125/1264/5415 20 08 20250902 01 11 THOTH 36 THOTH: webpage for this product https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/125 29 THOTH: download the title https://books.ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/10.64449/9780639890005.pdf 20 08 20250902 01 urn:uuid:c3a0a379-1e42-4f60-a1f4-1bd0b05e279c 03 01 01 thoth-work-id urn:uuid:f683e141-edc4-42e1-8741-d64d16f704ba 01 thoth-publication-id urn:uuid:c3a0a379-1e42-4f60-a1f4-1bd0b05e279c 15 9780639890029 03 9780639890029 06 10.64449/9780639890005 00 EB E113 10 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 01 01 PHARMAKON Urban Law and the Making of Johannesburg 1 A01 21 0000000313781953 Eric Nyembezi Makoni Eric Nyembezi Makoni 01 eng 00 246 03 93 JPF 10 POL045000 20 urban law; planning; Johannesburg; law; spatial planning; South Africa; colonialism; decolonialism; urbanism 01 06 02 00 <p><p>“This book is truly a pharmakon, a potion historically prescribed and a healing adventurously re-imagined. Pharmakon, as the title indicates, shows how the same thing that can be healing, can also poisons us."</p></p> 03 00 <p><p>“This book is truly a pharmakon, a potion historically prescribed and a healing adventurously re-imagined. Pharmakon, as the title indicates, shows how the same thing that can be healing, can also poisons us. Makoni takes us through the colonial and postcolonial lawscape of urban South Africa and especially Johannesburg, making a case for how injustice was established through planning laws, and all along trying to find ways in which justice can be achieved. This especially pernicious form of spatial violence is shown to have persevered throughout colonial history, with concrete examples of racial capitalism, where state and private initiatives were implicated. makoni shows how the law has been a conspirator of colonial racialisation, and a precious yet precarious compass to help navigate the post-apartheid lands – the law as true pharmakon, with the trophy of spatial justice in the centre of legal concerns.”Andreas Philippopoulos-Mihalopoulos Professor of Law &amp; Theory / Artist / Fiction AuthorUniversity of Westminster, London<break/>“Rich in theory, concepts and empirical examples, eric nyembezi makoni's book is a groundbreaking and timely intervention in the field of urban planning and city studies.”Prof. Sabelo J. Ndlovu-Gatsheni Professor and Chair in Epistemologies of the Global South, University of Bayreuth, Germany<break/>“Through the concept of the lawscape, this book provides an excellent, expansive history of how legal and planning instruments have together shaped South African cities to make spatial racial segregation possible during the colonial and Apartheid era but also to create more inclusive, democratic cities in the post-Apartheid period. PHARMAKON: Urban Law and the Making of Johannesburg is a lucid, critical and yet hopeful book; a must-read for anyone committed to contribute to decolonised cities that promote spatial justice and economic inclusivity.”Dr. Wendy WillemsDepartment of Media and Communications, London School of Economics and Political Science</p></p> 30 00 <p><p>“This book is truly a pharmakon, a potion historically prescribed and a healing adventurously re-imagined. Pharmakon, as the title indicates, shows how the same thing that can be healing, can also poisons us. Makoni takes us through the colonial and postcolonial lawscape of urban South Africa and especially Johannesburg, making a case for how injustice was established through planning laws, and all along trying to find ways in which justice can be achieved. This especially pernicious form of spatial violence is shown to have persevered throughout colonial history, with concrete examples of racial capitalism, where state and private initiatives were implicated. makoni shows how the law has been a conspirator of colonial racialisation, and a precious yet precarious compass to help navigate the post-apartheid lands – the law as true pharmakon, with the trophy of spatial justice in the centre of legal concerns.”Andreas Philippopoulos-Mihalopoulos Professor of Law &amp; Theory / Artist / Fiction AuthorUniversity of Westminster, London<break/>“Rich in theory, concepts and empirical examples, eric nyembezi makoni's book is a groundbreaking and timely intervention in the field of urban planning and city studies.”Prof. Sabelo J. Ndlovu-Gatsheni Professor and Chair in Epistemologies of the Global South, University of Bayreuth, Germany<break/>“Through the concept of the lawscape, this book provides an excellent, expansive history of how legal and planning instruments have together shaped South African cities to make spatial racial segregation possible during the colonial and Apartheid era but also to create more inclusive, democratic cities in the post-Apartheid period. PHARMAKON: Urban Law and the Making of Johannesburg is a lucid, critical and yet hopeful book; a must-read for anyone committed to contribute to decolonised cities that promote spatial justice and economic inclusivity.”Dr. Wendy WillemsDepartment of Media and Communications, London School of Economics and Political Science</p></p> 04 00 Foreword Marius Pieterse The Structure of this Book Introduction Law as Pharmakon Urban Law In/Theory Mapping Spatial In/Difference A Racial City Imagined Re/Constituting the Urban Coloniality Prevails Inflection Point/Decoloniality 20 00 Open Access 01 00 03 02 https://books.ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/10.64449/9780639890005_frontcover.jpg 01 URL https://ujpress.uj.ac.za UJ Press 01 UJ Press 01 Publisher's website: home page https://ujpress.uj.ac.za/ 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/125 Johannesburg 04 01 20250902 Eric Nyembezi Makoni Marius Pieterse 02 WORLD 06 15 9780639889993 03 9780639889993 06 15 9780639890005 03 9780639890005 06 15 9780639890012 03 9780639890012 34 01 Unstructured citation African National Congress (ANC) The Reconstruction and Development Programme (Johannesburg; 1994). 34 01 Unstructured citation Alcock GG Kasinomics: African Informal Economies and the People Who Inhabit Them (Johannesburg, Tracey McDonald Publishers; 2015). 34 01 Unstructured citation Alden, Chris Apartheid’s Last Stand: The Rise and Fall of the South African Security State (New York, St Martin’s Press; 1996). 34 01 Unstructured citation Allen, Victor Leonard The History of Black Mineworkers in South Africa Vol 1 (Ann Arbor, University of Michigan; 2005). 34 01 Unstructured citation Allmendinger, Phil & Gunder, Michael ‘Applying Lacanian insight and a dash of Derridean deconstruction to planning’s “dark side”’ (2005) 4(1) Planning Theory 87-112. https://doi.org/10.1177/1473095205051444 34 01 Unstructured citation Barnes, Anthony & Nel, Verna ‘Putting spatial resilience into practice’ 2017 28(2) Urban Forum 219–232. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12132-017-9303-6 34 01 Unstructured citation Beall, Jo, Crankshaw, Owen & Parnell, Susan Uniting a Divided City: Governance and Social Exclusion in Johannesburg (London, Earthscan Publications; 2002). https://doi.org/10.1080/03056240308376 34 01 Unstructured citation Beavon, Keith Johannesburg: The Making and Shaping of the City (Pretoria: University of South Africa Press; 2004). https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004491809 34 01 Unstructured citation Beavon, Keith & Larsen, Pauline ‘Sandton Central, 1969–2013: From open veld to new CBD?’ in Harrison, Philip, Gotz, Graeme, Todes, Alison and Wray, Chris (eds.) 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Postmodern Cities and Spaces (Oxford, Blackwell; 1994) 216–242. https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-9006(95)90158-2 34 01 Unstructured citation Yiftachel, Oren ‘Planning as control: Policy and resistance in a deeply divided society’ (1995) 4(2) Progress in Planning 115–84. https://doi.org/10.1177/088541229801200401 34 01 Unstructured citation Yiftachel, Oren ‘Planning and social control: Exploring the dark side’ (1998) 1(4) Journal of Planning Literature 395–406. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2427.00255 34 01 Unstructured citation Yiftachel, Oren ‘social control, urban planning and the ethno-class relations: Mizrahi Jews in Israel’s “development towns”’ (2000) 20(2) International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 418–38. 34 01 Unstructured citation Yountae, An The Decolonial Abyss: Mysticism and Cosmopolitics from the Ruins (New York, Fordham University Press; 2017). https://doi.org/10.5422/fordham/9780823273072.001.0001 34 01 Unstructured citation Table of Cases 34 01 Unstructured citation City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality v Blue Moonlight Properties 2012 (2) SA 104 (CC). 34 01 Unstructured citation Dadoo v Krugersdorp Municipality 1920 AD. 34 01 Unstructured citation Diepsloot Residents’ and Landowners’ Association v Administrator, Transvaal. Decision of the Appellate Division of the Supreme Court 1994 (3) SA 336 (AD). 34 01 Unstructured citation Government of the Republic of South Africa v Grootboom 2001(1) SA 46 (CC). 34 01 Unstructured citation Hleka v Johannesburg City Council 1949 (1) SA 842 (A). 34 01 Unstructured citation In re Dube, 1979. Natal Division of the Supreme Court 1979 (3) SA 820 (N). 34 01 Unstructured citation Minister of Public Works v Kyalami Ridge Environmental Association 2001 (3) SA 1151 (CC). 34 01 Unstructured citation Modder East Squatters v Modderklip Boerdery; President of the RSA v Modderklip Boerdery 2004 (8) BCLR 821 (SCA). 34 01 Unstructured citation Occupiers of 51 Olivia Road, Berea Township v City of Johannesburg 2008 (3) SA 208 (CC). 34 01 Unstructured citation Port Elizabeth Municipality v. Various Occupiers 2005 (1) SA 217 (CC). 34 01 Unstructured citation President of the Republic of South Africa v. Modderklip Boerdery 2005 (5) SA 3 (CC). 34 01 Unstructured citation Pretoria City Council v. Walker 1998 (2) SA 363 (CC) 34 01 Unstructured citation S v. Govender, 1982. Decision of the Transvaal Supreme Court 1986 (3) SA 969 (T). 34 01 Unstructured citation South African Informal Traders Forum v City of Johannesburg 2014 (4) SA 371 (CC). 34 01 Unstructured citation Table of Statutes 34 01 Unstructured citation Bantu Education Act 47 of 1953. 34 01 Unstructured citation Bantu Homelands Citizenship Act 26 of 1970. 34 01 Unstructured citation Black Administration Act 38 of 1927. 34 01 Unstructured citation Black Communities Development Act 4 of 1984. 34 01 Unstructured citation Cape Town Land Use Planning Ordinance 15 of 1985. 34 01 Unstructured citation Constitution of the Republic of South Africa Act 108 of 1996. 34 01 Unstructured citation Constitution of the Republic of South Africa Act 200 of 1993. 34 01 Unstructured citation Conversion of Certain Rights into Leasehold or Ownership Act 81 of 1988. 34 01 Unstructured citation Development Facilitation Act 67 of 1995. 34 01 Unstructured citation Division of Revenue Act 3 of 2016. 34 01 Unstructured citation Group Areas Act 36 of 1966. 34 01 Unstructured citation Group Areas Act 41 of 1950. 34 01 Unstructured citation Housing Act 107 of 1997. 34 01 Unstructured citation Less Formal Townships Establishment Act 113 of 1991. 34 01 Unstructured citation Local Government Transition Act 209 of 1993. 34 01 Unstructured citation Mines and Works Act 12 of 1911. 34 01 Unstructured citation Municipal Structures Act 117 of 1998. 34 01 Unstructured citation Municipal Systems Act 32 of 2000. 34 01 Unstructured citation Natal Town Planning Ordinance 27 of 1949. 34 01 Unstructured citation National Building Regulations and Building Standards Act 103 of 1977. 34 01 Unstructured citation Native (Urban Areas) Act 21 of 1923. 34 01 Unstructured citation Native Administration Act 38 of 1927. 34 01 Unstructured citation Native Labour Regulation Act 15 of 1911. 34 01 Unstructured citation Natives Land Act 27 of 1913. 34 01 Unstructured citation Natives (Abolition of Passes and Co-ordination of Documents) Act 67 of 1952. 34 01 Unstructured citation Natives (Urban Areas) Consolidation Act 25 of 1945. 34 01 Unstructured citation Natives Laws Amendment Act 46 of 1937. 34 01 Unstructured citation Natives Laws Amendment Act 54 of 1952. 34 01 Unstructured citation Natives Resettlement Act 19 of 1954. 34 01 Unstructured citation Orange Free State Townships Ordinance 9 of 1969. 34 01 Unstructured citation Population Registration Act 30 of 1950. 34 01 Unstructured citation Prevention of Illegal Eviction from and Unlawful Occupation of Land Act 19 of 1998. 34 01 Unstructured citation Prevention of Illegal Squatting Act 52 of 1951. 34 01 Unstructured citation Prohibition of Mixed Marriages Act 55 of 1949. 34 01 Unstructured citation Public Health Act 36 of 1919. 34 01 Unstructured citation Public Housing Act 35 of 1920. 34 01 Unstructured citation Reservation of Separate Amenities Act 49 of 1953. 34 01 Unstructured citation Slums Act of 1934. 34 01 Unstructured citation Spatial Planning and Land-Use Management Act 16 of 2013. 34 01 Unstructured citation Transvaal Town Planning and Townships Ordinance 15 of 1986. 34 01 Unstructured citation Upgrading of Land Tenure Rights Act 112 of 1991. 34 01 Unstructured citation White Paper on Reconstruction and Development No. 23 of 1994. 34 01 Unstructured citation Other Sources 34 01 Unstructured citation City of Johannesburg Corridors of Freedom: Restitching our City to Create a New Future (2013). 34 01 Unstructured citation City of Johannesburg iGoli 2002 (2002). 34 01 Unstructured citation City of Johannesburg iGoli 2010 (2010). 34 01 Unstructured citation City of Johannesburg Informal Trading Policy for the City of Johannesburg (2009). 34 01 Unstructured citation City of Johannesburg Inner City Regeneration Charter (2007). 34 01 Unstructured citation City of Johannesburg Inner City Transformation Roadmap (2013). 34 01 Unstructured citation City of Johannesburg Integrated Development Plan 2003/2004 (2003). 34 01 Unstructured citation City of Johannesburg Integrated Development Plan 2016/2021) (2016). 34 01 Unstructured citation City of Johannesburg Joburg Growth and Development Strategy 2040 (2011). 34 01 Unstructured citation City of Johannesburg Reflecting on a Solid Foundation: Building Developmental Local Government 2000–2005 (2006). 34 01 Unstructured citation City of Johannesburg Security Access Restriction Policy (2014). 34 01 Unstructured citation Department of National Treasury City of Johannesburg Built Environment Performance Plan 2016/17 (2016). 34 01 Unstructured citation National Department of Human Settlements Comprehensive Housing Plan for the Development of Integrated Sustainable Human Settlements (2004). 34 01 Unstructured citation National Department of Human Settlements National Housing Code (2009). 34 01 Unstructured citation Policy Coordination & Advisory Services (PCAS) Harmonising and Aligning: The National Spatial Development Perspective, Provincial Growth and Development Strategies and Municipal Integrated Development Plans (2004). 34 01 Unstructured citation Presidency National Development Plan: Vision 2030 Our Future - Make it Work (2014). 34 01 Unstructured citation Presidency Twenty Year Review: South Africa 1994-2014 - Background Paper: Sustainable Human Settlements (2015). 34 01 Unstructured citation South African Cities Network (SACN) The Space Economy: An Important Consideration in Spatial Development Planning (2013). 34 01 Unstructured citation South African Cities Network (SACN) The Spatial Transformation of South Africa’s Cities: From Abstract Concept to Meaning and Means (2016). 34 01 Unstructured citation South African Human Rights Commission Report on the Issue of Road Closures, Security Booms and Related Matters (2005). 34 01 Unstructured citation Map and Photograph Credits 34 01 Unstructured citation Map 1, Stickler, Philip J. ‘The location of Black residents in formerly whites-only neighbourhoods of Johannesburg, 1996’. The Geography of Desegregation in Johannesburg. Available: https://www.gcro.ac.za/outputs/map-of-the-month/detail/geography-desegregation-johannesburg/ 34 01 Unstructured citation Image 1, Photographer unknown. Forced removals in Sophiatown. Credits: William Cullen Library: Historical Papers Research Archive. WORLD 11 Unknown 36 Unspecified hosting platform: webpage for this product https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/125 29 Unspecified hosting platform: download the title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/view/125/1266/5417 20 08 20250902 01 urn:uuid:987ea337-8558-4631-9495-87e5eac22088 03 01 01 thoth-work-id urn:uuid:f683e141-edc4-42e1-8741-d64d16f704ba 01 thoth-publication-id urn:uuid:987ea337-8558-4631-9495-87e5eac22088 15 9780639890012 03 9780639890012 06 10.64449/9780639890005 00 EB E101 10 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). 02 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 01 01 PHARMAKON Urban Law and the Making of Johannesburg 1 A01 21 0000000313781953 Eric Nyembezi Makoni Eric Nyembezi Makoni 01 eng 00 246 03 93 JPF 10 POL045000 20 urban law; planning; Johannesburg; law; spatial planning; South Africa; colonialism; decolonialism; urbanism 01 06 02 00 <p><p>“This book is truly a pharmakon, a potion historically prescribed and a healing adventurously re-imagined. Pharmakon, as the title indicates, shows how the same thing that can be healing, can also poisons us."</p></p> 03 00 <p><p>“This book is truly a pharmakon, a potion historically prescribed and a healing adventurously re-imagined. Pharmakon, as the title indicates, shows how the same thing that can be healing, can also poisons us. Makoni takes us through the colonial and postcolonial lawscape of urban South Africa and especially Johannesburg, making a case for how injustice was established through planning laws, and all along trying to find ways in which justice can be achieved. This especially pernicious form of spatial violence is shown to have persevered throughout colonial history, with concrete examples of racial capitalism, where state and private initiatives were implicated. makoni shows how the law has been a conspirator of colonial racialisation, and a precious yet precarious compass to help navigate the post-apartheid lands – the law as true pharmakon, with the trophy of spatial justice in the centre of legal concerns.”Andreas Philippopoulos-Mihalopoulos Professor of Law &amp; Theory / Artist / Fiction AuthorUniversity of Westminster, London<break/>“Rich in theory, concepts and empirical examples, eric nyembezi makoni's book is a groundbreaking and timely intervention in the field of urban planning and city studies.”Prof. Sabelo J. Ndlovu-Gatsheni Professor and Chair in Epistemologies of the Global South, University of Bayreuth, Germany<break/>“Through the concept of the lawscape, this book provides an excellent, expansive history of how legal and planning instruments have together shaped South African cities to make spatial racial segregation possible during the colonial and Apartheid era but also to create more inclusive, democratic cities in the post-Apartheid period. PHARMAKON: Urban Law and the Making of Johannesburg is a lucid, critical and yet hopeful book; a must-read for anyone committed to contribute to decolonised cities that promote spatial justice and economic inclusivity.”Dr. Wendy WillemsDepartment of Media and Communications, London School of Economics and Political Science</p></p> 30 00 <p><p>“This book is truly a pharmakon, a potion historically prescribed and a healing adventurously re-imagined. Pharmakon, as the title indicates, shows how the same thing that can be healing, can also poisons us. Makoni takes us through the colonial and postcolonial lawscape of urban South Africa and especially Johannesburg, making a case for how injustice was established through planning laws, and all along trying to find ways in which justice can be achieved. This especially pernicious form of spatial violence is shown to have persevered throughout colonial history, with concrete examples of racial capitalism, where state and private initiatives were implicated. makoni shows how the law has been a conspirator of colonial racialisation, and a precious yet precarious compass to help navigate the post-apartheid lands – the law as true pharmakon, with the trophy of spatial justice in the centre of legal concerns.”Andreas Philippopoulos-Mihalopoulos Professor of Law &amp; Theory / Artist / Fiction AuthorUniversity of Westminster, London<break/>“Rich in theory, concepts and empirical examples, eric nyembezi makoni's book is a groundbreaking and timely intervention in the field of urban planning and city studies.”Prof. Sabelo J. Ndlovu-Gatsheni Professor and Chair in Epistemologies of the Global South, University of Bayreuth, Germany<break/>“Through the concept of the lawscape, this book provides an excellent, expansive history of how legal and planning instruments have together shaped South African cities to make spatial racial segregation possible during the colonial and Apartheid era but also to create more inclusive, democratic cities in the post-Apartheid period. PHARMAKON: Urban Law and the Making of Johannesburg is a lucid, critical and yet hopeful book; a must-read for anyone committed to contribute to decolonised cities that promote spatial justice and economic inclusivity.”Dr. Wendy WillemsDepartment of Media and Communications, London School of Economics and Political Science</p></p> 04 00 Foreword Marius Pieterse The Structure of this Book Introduction Law as Pharmakon Urban Law In/Theory Mapping Spatial In/Difference A Racial City Imagined Re/Constituting the Urban Coloniality Prevails Inflection Point/Decoloniality 20 00 Open Access 01 00 03 02 https://books.ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/10.64449/9780639890005_frontcover.jpg 01 URL https://ujpress.uj.ac.za UJ Press 01 UJ Press 01 Publisher's website: home page https://ujpress.uj.ac.za/ 02 Publisher's website: webpage for this title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/125 Johannesburg 04 01 20250902 Eric Nyembezi Makoni Marius Pieterse 02 WORLD 06 15 9780639889993 03 9780639889993 06 15 9780639890005 03 9780639890005 06 15 9780639890029 03 9780639890029 34 01 Unstructured citation African National Congress (ANC) The Reconstruction and Development Programme (Johannesburg; 1994). 34 01 Unstructured citation Alcock GG Kasinomics: African Informal Economies and the People Who Inhabit Them (Johannesburg, Tracey McDonald Publishers; 2015). 34 01 Unstructured citation Alden, Chris Apartheid’s Last Stand: The Rise and Fall of the South African Security State (New York, St Martin’s Press; 1996). 34 01 Unstructured citation Allen, Victor Leonard The History of Black Mineworkers in South Africa Vol 1 (Ann Arbor, University of Michigan; 2005). 34 01 Unstructured citation Allmendinger, Phil & Gunder, Michael ‘Applying Lacanian insight and a dash of Derridean deconstruction to planning’s “dark side”’ (2005) 4(1) Planning Theory 87-112. https://doi.org/10.1177/1473095205051444 34 01 Unstructured citation Barnes, Anthony & Nel, Verna ‘Putting spatial resilience into practice’ 2017 28(2) Urban Forum 219–232. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12132-017-9303-6 34 01 Unstructured citation Beall, Jo, Crankshaw, Owen & Parnell, Susan Uniting a Divided City: Governance and Social Exclusion in Johannesburg (London, Earthscan Publications; 2002). https://doi.org/10.1080/03056240308376 34 01 Unstructured citation Beavon, Keith Johannesburg: The Making and Shaping of the City (Pretoria: University of South Africa Press; 2004). https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004491809 34 01 Unstructured citation Beavon, Keith & Larsen, Pauline ‘Sandton Central, 1969–2013: From open veld to new CBD?’ in Harrison, Philip, Gotz, Graeme, Todes, Alison and Wray, Chris (eds.) 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Decision of the Appellate Division of the Supreme Court 1994 (3) SA 336 (AD). 34 01 Unstructured citation Government of the Republic of South Africa v Grootboom 2001(1) SA 46 (CC). 34 01 Unstructured citation Hleka v Johannesburg City Council 1949 (1) SA 842 (A). 34 01 Unstructured citation In re Dube, 1979. Natal Division of the Supreme Court 1979 (3) SA 820 (N). 34 01 Unstructured citation Minister of Public Works v Kyalami Ridge Environmental Association 2001 (3) SA 1151 (CC). 34 01 Unstructured citation Modder East Squatters v Modderklip Boerdery; President of the RSA v Modderklip Boerdery 2004 (8) BCLR 821 (SCA). 34 01 Unstructured citation Occupiers of 51 Olivia Road, Berea Township v City of Johannesburg 2008 (3) SA 208 (CC). 34 01 Unstructured citation Port Elizabeth Municipality v. Various Occupiers 2005 (1) SA 217 (CC). 34 01 Unstructured citation President of the Republic of South Africa v. Modderklip Boerdery 2005 (5) SA 3 (CC). 34 01 Unstructured citation Pretoria City Council v. Walker 1998 (2) SA 363 (CC) 34 01 Unstructured citation S v. Govender, 1982. Decision of the Transvaal Supreme Court 1986 (3) SA 969 (T). 34 01 Unstructured citation South African Informal Traders Forum v City of Johannesburg 2014 (4) SA 371 (CC). 34 01 Unstructured citation Table of Statutes 34 01 Unstructured citation Bantu Education Act 47 of 1953. 34 01 Unstructured citation Bantu Homelands Citizenship Act 26 of 1970. 34 01 Unstructured citation Black Administration Act 38 of 1927. 34 01 Unstructured citation Black Communities Development Act 4 of 1984. 34 01 Unstructured citation Cape Town Land Use Planning Ordinance 15 of 1985. 34 01 Unstructured citation Constitution of the Republic of South Africa Act 108 of 1996. 34 01 Unstructured citation Constitution of the Republic of South Africa Act 200 of 1993. 34 01 Unstructured citation Conversion of Certain Rights into Leasehold or Ownership Act 81 of 1988. 34 01 Unstructured citation Development Facilitation Act 67 of 1995. 34 01 Unstructured citation Division of Revenue Act 3 of 2016. 34 01 Unstructured citation Group Areas Act 36 of 1966. 34 01 Unstructured citation Group Areas Act 41 of 1950. 34 01 Unstructured citation Housing Act 107 of 1997. 34 01 Unstructured citation Less Formal Townships Establishment Act 113 of 1991. 34 01 Unstructured citation Local Government Transition Act 209 of 1993. 34 01 Unstructured citation Mines and Works Act 12 of 1911. 34 01 Unstructured citation Municipal Structures Act 117 of 1998. 34 01 Unstructured citation Municipal Systems Act 32 of 2000. 34 01 Unstructured citation Natal Town Planning Ordinance 27 of 1949. 34 01 Unstructured citation National Building Regulations and Building Standards Act 103 of 1977. 34 01 Unstructured citation Native (Urban Areas) Act 21 of 1923. 34 01 Unstructured citation Native Administration Act 38 of 1927. 34 01 Unstructured citation Native Labour Regulation Act 15 of 1911. 34 01 Unstructured citation Natives Land Act 27 of 1913. 34 01 Unstructured citation Natives (Abolition of Passes and Co-ordination of Documents) Act 67 of 1952. 34 01 Unstructured citation Natives (Urban Areas) Consolidation Act 25 of 1945. 34 01 Unstructured citation Natives Laws Amendment Act 46 of 1937. 34 01 Unstructured citation Natives Laws Amendment Act 54 of 1952. 34 01 Unstructured citation Natives Resettlement Act 19 of 1954. 34 01 Unstructured citation Orange Free State Townships Ordinance 9 of 1969. 34 01 Unstructured citation Population Registration Act 30 of 1950. 34 01 Unstructured citation Prevention of Illegal Eviction from and Unlawful Occupation of Land Act 19 of 1998. 34 01 Unstructured citation Prevention of Illegal Squatting Act 52 of 1951. 34 01 Unstructured citation Prohibition of Mixed Marriages Act 55 of 1949. 34 01 Unstructured citation Public Health Act 36 of 1919. 34 01 Unstructured citation Public Housing Act 35 of 1920. 34 01 Unstructured citation Reservation of Separate Amenities Act 49 of 1953. 34 01 Unstructured citation Slums Act of 1934. 34 01 Unstructured citation Spatial Planning and Land-Use Management Act 16 of 2013. 34 01 Unstructured citation Transvaal Town Planning and Townships Ordinance 15 of 1986. 34 01 Unstructured citation Upgrading of Land Tenure Rights Act 112 of 1991. 34 01 Unstructured citation White Paper on Reconstruction and Development No. 23 of 1994. 34 01 Unstructured citation Other Sources 34 01 Unstructured citation City of Johannesburg Corridors of Freedom: Restitching our City to Create a New Future (2013). 34 01 Unstructured citation City of Johannesburg iGoli 2002 (2002). 34 01 Unstructured citation City of Johannesburg iGoli 2010 (2010). 34 01 Unstructured citation City of Johannesburg Informal Trading Policy for the City of Johannesburg (2009). 34 01 Unstructured citation City of Johannesburg Inner City Regeneration Charter (2007). 34 01 Unstructured citation City of Johannesburg Inner City Transformation Roadmap (2013). 34 01 Unstructured citation City of Johannesburg Integrated Development Plan 2003/2004 (2003). 34 01 Unstructured citation City of Johannesburg Integrated Development Plan 2016/2021) (2016). 34 01 Unstructured citation City of Johannesburg Joburg Growth and Development Strategy 2040 (2011). 34 01 Unstructured citation City of Johannesburg Reflecting on a Solid Foundation: Building Developmental Local Government 2000–2005 (2006). 34 01 Unstructured citation City of Johannesburg Security Access Restriction Policy (2014). 34 01 Unstructured citation Department of National Treasury City of Johannesburg Built Environment Performance Plan 2016/17 (2016). 34 01 Unstructured citation National Department of Human Settlements Comprehensive Housing Plan for the Development of Integrated Sustainable Human Settlements (2004). 34 01 Unstructured citation National Department of Human Settlements National Housing Code (2009). 34 01 Unstructured citation Policy Coordination & Advisory Services (PCAS) Harmonising and Aligning: The National Spatial Development Perspective, Provincial Growth and Development Strategies and Municipal Integrated Development Plans (2004). 34 01 Unstructured citation Presidency National Development Plan: Vision 2030 Our Future - Make it Work (2014). 34 01 Unstructured citation Presidency Twenty Year Review: South Africa 1994-2014 - Background Paper: Sustainable Human Settlements (2015). 34 01 Unstructured citation South African Cities Network (SACN) The Space Economy: An Important Consideration in Spatial Development Planning (2013). 34 01 Unstructured citation South African Cities Network (SACN) The Spatial Transformation of South Africa’s Cities: From Abstract Concept to Meaning and Means (2016). 34 01 Unstructured citation South African Human Rights Commission Report on the Issue of Road Closures, Security Booms and Related Matters (2005). 34 01 Unstructured citation Map and Photograph Credits 34 01 Unstructured citation Map 1, Stickler, Philip J. ‘The location of Black residents in formerly whites-only neighbourhoods of Johannesburg, 1996’. The Geography of Desegregation in Johannesburg. Available: https://www.gcro.ac.za/outputs/map-of-the-month/detail/geography-desegregation-johannesburg/ 34 01 Unstructured citation Image 1, Photographer unknown. Forced removals in Sophiatown. Credits: William Cullen Library: Historical Papers Research Archive. WORLD 11 Unknown 36 Unspecified hosting platform: webpage for this product https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/125 29 Unspecified hosting platform: download the title https://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/view/125/1265/5416 20 08 20250902 01